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[»*X        PBIMTEO  IN  U.S./ 


THE    PILGRIM    MONUMENT.    PLYMOUTH,    MASS 


MASSACHUSETTS  OF  TO-DAY 


A   MEMORIAL  OF  THE   STATE 


HISTORICAL  AND  BIOGRAPHICAL 


ISSUED    KOK    J  HE 


WORLD'S  COLUMBIAN   EXPOSITION 


AT    CHICAGO 


rREl'ARED     UNDER    THE     DIRECTION     OF     DANIEL     P.    TuoMEV 
EDITED    BV    THOMAS    C.    QUINN 


BOSTON 

COLUMBIA    PUBLISHING    COMPANY 

611    WASHINGTON    STREET 

1892 


COPYRIGHT. 

COLUMBIA    publishing;    C(J.MrANV. 

i8q2. 


ALFRED   MUDGE  &  SON,  PRINTERS, 
BOSTON. 


rv]6\^5acl]\i^ett5. 


Dark  was  the  shore  that  clouded  on  the  sight 
Of  those  grim  mariners  in  the  frail  ship  named 
After  the  frailest  blossoms  of  the  May : 
Rough  was  the  welcome  offered,  that  first  night, 
By  rock-born  waves  that  noisily  proclaimed 
Their  joy  of  liberty  in  Plymouth's  bay; 
But  ah !   how  bright  and  soft  and  glorious  rose  the  day ! 

O  Mother  State,  thy  word  was  nobly  kept, 
Thy  pledge  of  freedom  to  thy  sons  —  and  all! 
Of  modern  lands  thou  wert  the  first  to  say : 
"  No  man  shall  own  another."     Thus  there  leapt, 
Ere  thou  wert  loosed  from  England's  heavy  thrall, 
Out  of  thine  eyes  the  Future's  guiding  rav. 
The  star  that  cannot  fall,  that  gems  the  brow  of  day. 

While  yet  in  leading-strings  thou  didst  this  deed 
Immortal,  —  wiping  slavery  from  thy  code. 
A  few  years  later  thou  wert  first  to  shake 
All  kings  in  their  "  divineness,"  and  to  lead 
Thy  sister  States  to  Glory,  by  the  road 
Of  Lexington  to  Boston,  and  to  wake 
The  souls  that  will  not  rest  till  every  chain  shall  break. 


O  Massachusetts,  Mother  fond  and  fair. 
Not  merely  of  thy  glories  are  we  proud. 

In  many  a  ijuiet  home  that  hides  from  sight 
Are  purity  of  purpose  and  a  rare, 
Unselfish  loveliness,  whene'er  a  cloud 
O'ershadows  life  —  and  thus  we  have  the  right 
To  say:    "Where  thou  dost  reign,  reigns  Duty  with  Delight." 

Strong  Mother,  how  we  love  thee  ;   how  our  pride 
Heightens,  with  every  year,  beholding  thee  I 
Thy  glorious  sons  and  daughters  who  have  gone 
Into  the  sunrise  on  the  other  side. 

Have  left,  in  passing  o'er  the  mystic  sea. 
More  light  of  inspiration  than  e'er  shone 
( )n  poet's  dream  before,  —  and  their  great  work  goes  on  ! 

Yea,  Queen  of  States,  thy  diadem  of  deeds 
Forever  onward  throws  its  diamond  rays. 
'Gainst  every  wrong  now  posing  as  a  right 
Phillips  still  thunders  and  O'Reilly  pleads 
And  the  money-changers  in  a  dark  amaze 
.Shrink  from  the  coming  Christ  with  just  affright, 
While  Freedom  standeth  by  with  eyes  of  warmer  light. 


(5) 


Henry  Ausmn. 


INTRODUCTION 


/■j«a.s'-">v^ 

HE  aim  of  this  work  has  l)een  to  make  a  book  which  in  the  best  sense  should  be  representative 

of    Massachusetts    in  the  Anniversary  Year,    1.S92, — a  book   great   enough  to  comprise    all  the 

(liversifietl    interests  of    the   Commonwealth,  and  broad  enough  to  ignore  no  honorable    factor 

in   its  life.       The  storv  of  the  State    might  be  made  a  description  of    the    surface    conditions, 

mechanical,  commercial    and    political,    now   existing,   with    illustrations    of    brick  and   mortar; 

but  back  of    these    conditions    are    the    men  who   make  them,  —  the  brains  and  characters    of 

which  they  are  but    the    contemporary    monuments.       Therefore,    the    publishers    have    chosen 

to  represent    "  Massachusetts  of   To-day  "  by  the  men  of    to-day,  by  those  sons  of  the  State, 

by  birth  or  adoption,   who  in  their    lives,   their  works,  or  their  influence,  must  be   considered 

bv  him  who  would  examine   and  know  the   fabric  of  this  Commonwealth. 

It  would  have  been  impossible  to  achieve   the   result   desired  without  friendly  co-operation  and  generous 

support    on    all    sides,    and    the    ])ublishers    may    say,    with    feelings    of    utmost    pride    and    pleasure,    that    the 

public-s]>irited    men    of    this    State,    as    one    man,    have    joined     hands     patriotiially    in    this    enterjHise,    which 

it  is  felt  will   redound  to  the  good    name  of    Massachusetts.       It   may  lie  said  by  critics,  and  said    justly,   that 

not  all  of  the  men  of  Massachusetts  meriting  recognition  are   in  this  book.     So  ])rolific   is  the  Commonwealth 

in    living    men   of    real    worth    and    commendable    achievement    that  no  book  could  contain  adequate  mention 

of    all,    but    in    "  Massachusetts    of    To-day "    not    only    men    but    interests    are    considered,  and    there    is    no 

interest  of  importance,  we  feel  sure,  which  has   not  a  representative  in  this  volume,  and  there  is  no  man  in  these 

pages  who  is  not,  in  the  truest  sense,  representative  of  some  one  of  those  interests.     To  the  States  of  the  Union 

and  to  the  nations  of  Christendom,  Massachusetts  pledges  this  book  as  a  token  of  her  undiminished  zeal  and 

ability  in  the  furtherance  of  the  arts  of  civilization  and  the  happiness  of  the  human  race. 


(7) 


Mrs- Alice  Freeman 


S      Aiss-AhhaL«Dawe 


•-^    Edward  Burnett 


E-C^  HOVEY 
-      Secretary    g^- 

^^  II im"' 


r' 


imamMMurKimi'' 


MASSACHUSETTS   BOARD   OF   WORLD'S   FAIR    MANAGERS 


MASSACHUSETTS  AT  THE  COLUMBIAN  EXPOSITION. 


T^Hl'^  progress  which  a  community  makes  is  perhaps  evidenced  in  no  better  or  more  satisfactor)' manner  than 
*  by  a  periodical  comparison  of  its  material  prosperity  as  well  as  of  the  mental  and  moral  improvement  of  its 
people.  The  bringing  together  of  such  comparisons  by  all  the  nations  of  the  world  serves  to  indicate  the  advances 
which  have  been  made  in  civiH/.ation  and  the  general  progress  which  is  making  in  the  development  of  races.  It 
is  this  which  forms  the  underlying  principle  of  all  international  expositions. 

It  would,  of  course,  be  idle  to  deny  that  personal  gain  and  a  desire  to  open  up  new  markets  for  articles  of 
merchandise,  serve  in  a  very  large  degree  as  stimulants  to  the  individual  exhibitor.  This  admission,  while, 
perhaps,  a  seeming  contradiction  of  the  preceding  statement,  is,  in  fact,  but  a  confirmation  of  its  very  truth  ; 
for,  mingled  with  the  business  aspect  of  what  might  be  called  the  commercial  side  of  these  exhibits  will  be  found 
that  pride  of  national  or  State  prosperity  which  in  very  many  cases  is  the  sole  inducement  to  the  exhibitor  to 
expend  his  money  and  take  upon  himself  additional  burdens. 

.'\gain,  were  it  not  either  for  this  commercial  desire  to  extend  one's  business  or  for  local  pride,  there  could 
never  be  such  gatherings  of  the  product  of  men's  brains  and  hands,  and  these  great  opportunities  of  studying  the  story 
of  the  earth's  progress  would  be  lost  to  mankind.  For  it  is  on  such  occasions  that  the  careful  student  is  enabled, 
through  an  intelligent  comparison  of  each  exposition  with  its  predecessor,  to  clearly  mark  every  milestone  in  the 
advance  which  the  world  as  a  whole  is  making,  and  to  acquaint  himself  with  the  development  of  any  especial  com- 
munity or  given  industry.  To  a  degree,  this  bringing  together  of  the  handiwork  and  brainwork  of  the  nations  of 
the  globe  serves  the  same  purposes  as  do  the  statistics  of  our  censtis  bureau,  which,  while  enabling  us  to  look  back 
and  study  the  nature  of  our  development,  also  serve  to  give  us  a  new  point  of  departure  from  which  we  must  still 
earnestly  strive  to  advance.  Hence,  it  is  the  bounden  duty  of  each  nation  as  well  as  of  those  many  individual 
parts  which  go  to  make  up  the  whole,  to  aid  in  every  jjossible  way  in  making  an  international  exjjosition  a  pro- 
nounced success. 

It  cannot  be  gainsaid  that  an  interest  has  been  awakened  in  'llie  \\'orld's  Columbian  Exposition  such  as  has 
never  before  been  ecjualled,  or  even  approached.  The  grand  result  of  such  an  interest  will  ijurcly  be  the  bringing 
together  of  a  collection  of  exhibits  which  to  the  student  must  assuredly  prove  a  storehouse  of  knowledge,  and  give 
to  him  who  conscientiously  makes  use  of  his  opportunities  the  groundwork  of  a  liberal  education.  Even  with  the 
visitors,  drawn  thither  onlt  by  idle  curiosity,  such  results  must  make  for  good,  for  thev  mav  be  confidently  depended 
upon  to  show  the  progress  which  is  constantly  going  forward  in  everything  which  ennobles  mankind  and  contributes 
to  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  earth's  inhabitants. 

The  title  of  this  chapter  is,  indeed,  as  important  as  it  could  be  made  interesting.  "Massachusetts  at  the 
Exposition "  is  a  subject  fraught  with  difficulties  and  embarrassments.  To  tabulate  a  statement  of  the  many 
exhibits  which  have  gone  forward  from  her  manufacturers  and  from  her  schools,  from  her  scientists  and  from  her 
inventors,  would  be  an  easy  task,  but  to  put  on  paper  that  influence  which,  having  its  origin  within  the  borders  of 
the   State,  has  permeated  every  nook  and  corner  of  this  nation,  would  be  wellnigh  impossible  of  accomplishment. 

Evidences  of  that  enterprise,  of  that  integrity,  and  of  that  conservatism,  qualities  which  seem  to  be  almost  indi- 
genous to  the  soil  of  New  England,  are  seen  on  every  hand  as  one  journeys  through  the  country,  and  what  perhaps 
is  as  interesting  a  fact  as  any  other,  is  that  nowhere  is  full  credit  denied  to  the  spirit  of  New  England,  —  that  spirit 
which  is  generally  and  thankfully  acknowledged  as  having  had  a  very  marked  influence  upon  the  nation's  history. 

"  Massachusetts  at  the  Exposition."     So  great  is  the  subject,  so  impiortant  and  iirominent  is  the  place  which 


lO 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-PA  V. 


the  State  will  surely  occupy  in  the  Hxposition,  that  it  is  indeed  ditficnlt  to  determine  where  one  should  take  up  the 
story  of  her  participation  in  this  greatest  and  most  successful  of  all  international  expositions.  It  was  during 
the  early  summer  of  1891  that  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  for  the  first  time,  gave  consideration  to  the  subject  of 
the  State's  representation  in  the  Exposition,  intended  to  be  commemorative  of  the  landing  of  Columbus.  True  to 
her  traditions,  the  representatives  of  her  people,  with  one  voice,  decided  that  such  action  must  be  taken  as  should 
result  in  placing  the  Commonwealth  before  the  world  in  a  manner  befitting  her  position  in  the  great  sisterhood  of 
States,  and  in  keeping  with  her  past  history  and  acknowledged  prominence.  By  the  ])assage  of  a  bill  providing  for 
the  appointment  of  a  commission  of  five  members,  two  of  whom  should  be  women,  and  bv  an  appropriation  of 
seventv-five  thousand  dollars  for  the  purpose,  as  reads  the  bill,   "of  exhibiting  the  resources,  products,  and  general 


MASSACHUSETTS    BUILDING    AT    THE    COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION. 
{,A/ter  the  old  John  Hancock  House.) 


development  of  the  Commonwealth,"  Massachusetts  gave  her  endorsement  to  the  enterprise,  and  held  out  to  her 
sister  State  of  Illinois  that  helping  hand  which  has  ever  been  as  ready  and  as  prompt  as  has  been  the  res]ionse 
from  the  Western  State  whenever  an  a|jpeal  has  been  made  to  her  from  the  East.  'I'he  State  approi>riation  was  by 
the  succeeding  Legislature  increased  to  a  total  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars. 

Immediately  upon  their  nomination  by  the  Governor,  followed  by  their  confirmation  by  the  Executive 
Council,  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  organized  and  at  once  prepared  to  carry  out  the  duties  of 
their  office.  As  they  are  jierhaps  but  little  understood  by  the  general  public,  it  will  no  doubt  be  wiser  that  these 
duties  should  at  the  outset  be  at  least  referred  to,  even  at  the  risk  of  proving  somewhat  technical.  If  it  were  pos- 
sible to  divide  them   into  classes,  they  might  ])erhaps   not  unnaturally  fall  into  three  divisions.     First,  advisory ; 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


I  r 


THE  FRANKLIN  STATUE. 
{Cily   Hall  Grounds,    Bos'on.) 


secondly,  [iromotive  ;  and  thirdly,  executive.  The  advisory  duties  occupy,  very  ]iroperlv,  the  first  place,  because 
the  very  word  suggests  a  study  of,  and  a  familiarity  with,  the  details  of  the  subject  in  hand  ;  and  it  surely  would 
not  be  possible  to  assume  the  duties  of  the  second  class  until  one  should  have  become  sufficiently  acquainted  with 
those  of  the  "  advisory "  class  as  to  enable  him  to  answer  the  many  inquiries  of  the  intending  exhibitor.  Not 
initil  these  were  well  in  hand  would  it  be  time  to  attempt  to  "  promote  "  the  enter- 
prise among  those  who,  from  want  of  opportunity,  must,  to  a  large  degree,  be  help- 
less and  uninformed.  Indeed,  it  was  for  the  very  purposes  of  promotion  and 
advice  that  the  Board  was  appointed.  'J"he  third  class  of  duties,  and  in  some 
respects  the  most  important,  are  those  which  are  here  styled  "  executive."  By  this 
is  meant  all  those  duties  having  to  do  with  the  carrying  to  a  successful  conclusion 
of  the  wishes  of  the  Board's  clients,  the  individual  exhibitors. 

During  the  first  few  months  after  the  organization  of  the  Board,  its  work 
was  somewhat  hampered  by  a  decision  previously  made  that  applications  for 
space  should  go  direct  to  Chicago  from  the  exhibitor.  At  the  suggestion  of  the 
Massachusetts  Board,  whose  members  felt  that  they  were  appointed  to  act  as  a 
medium  between  the  exhibitors  and  the  Exposition  officials,  a  meeting  of  repre- 
sentatives of  State  Boards  was  called  to  convene  in  Chicago  in  the  early  days  of 
December,  1891.  After  considerable  debate  and  largely  by  reason  of  an  eloquent, 
aggressive,  yet  dignified  speech,  made  by  the  then  chairman  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Managers,  it  was  determined  that,  to  a  very  great  degree.  State 
Boards  should  have  jurisdiction  over  the  exhibits  going  from  their  respective 
States,  and  that  they  should,  at  regular  intervals,  be  ])ut  into  possession  of  com]ilete 
lists  of  all  applications.  In  no  otlier  way  would  it  have  been  possible  for  State 
Boards  to  properly  attend  to  their  duties. 

Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  Board,  its  executive  committee,  con- 
sisting of  its  chairman  and  its  sccrctarv,  went  to  Chicago  to  make  the  acquaint- 
ance of  the  officials  of  the  two  Boards  having  the 
general  supervision  of  the  Exposition.  It  should  be 
here  explained  that  these  two  Boards  consist  of  the 
National  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  and  entitled  "  The  *Vorld's 
Columbian  Commission,"  and  the  local  Board,  which, 
representing  the  company  chartered  under  the  laws 
of  Illinois,  is  entitled,  "The  World's  Columbian  Expo- 
sition." 

The  latter  is  the  body  which  agreed  to  raise  ten 
millions  of  dollars  with  which  to  erect  the  buildings, 
while  the-  former,  which  is  sometimes  styled  the 
National  Commission,  has  for  its  duties  the  insistence 
that  the  Exposition  shall  be  carried  out  in  strict  accord- 
ance with  the  terms  of  the  contract,  and  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  reflect  the  greatest  credit  and  the  highest 
degree  of  dignity  upon  the  nation.  The  value  to  the 
State  of  this  first  visit  cannot  well  be  overestimated, 
for  acquaintances  were  at  that  time  formed  which  have 
been  of  inestimable  advantage  to  the  Board,  and  of 
very  material  assistance  to  its  members  in  the  prose- 
cution of  their  work.  The  very  many  details  incident 
to  the  jjrosecution  of  the  advisory  and  promoti\  e  work  done  in  the  office  of  the  State  managers  need  not  at  this 
tune  be  considered.  If  the  results  of  their  labors  have  proved  satisfactory  to  the  State,  no  one  would  find  any 
interest  in  the  methods  used  to  bring  those  results  about.  There  is,  however,  one  feature  of  the  executive 
branch  of  their  duties  which   is  deserving  of  notice,  the  more  especially  as  it  refers  to  work  done  by  the  Massa- 


THE  GARRISON    STATUE. 
{Commonweatth  Avenue,  Boiton.) 


12 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


% 


r 


OLD   SCHOOLHOUSE. 
(0«  M^  Milldam,    Boston.) 


chusetts  Board,  the  benefit  from  which   has    been    by  no  means  confined   to  any  single  Commonwealth  ;    work 
whose  influence  has  extended  over  the  whole  country,  and  even  across  the  water. 

No  statement  of  the  work  accomplished  by  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Managers  would  be  complete  which 
did  not  take  notice  of  that  very  important  and  successful  effort  for  the  erection  of  a  separate  building  for  the 

department  of  liberal  arts,  a  department  in  every  exposition  in 
-  which  the   Commonwealth  is  always  expected  to  stand  jireemi- 

_^  nent.      For  some   unexplained  reason,  those  having  charge    of 

the  first  planning  of  the  exposition  included  under  one  roof  the 
three  dejtartments  of  manufactures,  liberal  arts,  and  ethnology, 
notwithstanding  the  fact  that  each  of  the  other  great  buildings 
was  given  over  in  the  first  instance  to  the  exhibit  of  some 
sjiecial  industry.  The  chief  of  each  of  these  departments  has 
known,  from  the  start,  the  exact  number  of  square  feet  available 
for  the  exhibits  under  his  charge.  In  the  largest  building, 
however,  where  were  to  be  installed  the  contributions  in  the 
departments  of  manufactures,  liberal  arts,  and  ethnology,  were 
also  to  be  placed  all  those  other  exhibits  which  would  not 
find  natural  lodgment  within  any  of  the  separate  buildings 
assigned  to  special  industries,  the  result  being  that  they  formed 
what  may  well  be  termed  an  "  olla  podrida  "  of  exhibits,  the  department  of  manufactures  being  a  sort  of  dumping 
ground  for  everything.  This  necessarily  resulted  in  a  great  congestion  of  space  in  this  building.  'J'here  had 
been  set  aside  originally,  for  liberal  arts  and  ethnology,  areas  of  four  hundred  thousand  square  feet,  and  one 
hundred  and  sixty  thousand  square  feet,  respectively ;  areas  by  no  means  too  large  either  for  the  importance 
of  the  subjects  or  for  the  exhibits  which  would  be  collected.  It  very  soon  appearing  that  more  space  must 
be  found  for  manufactures,  it  was  decided  to  reduce  the  allotment  of  floor  area  for  liberal  arts  by  one  hunilred 
thousand  square  feet.  Those  interested  in  liberal  arts,  under  the  lead  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Board, 
vigorously  protested  against  any  such  action,  taking  occasion  at  that  time  to  criticise  that  management  which,  when 
arranging  for  an  exposition,  failed  to  dignify  the  dejiartment  of  liberal  arts  with  a  building  of  its  own.  The  protest, 
however,  failed  of  success  then,  but  the  remonstrants  rested  confident  in  the  assurance  that  no  further  reduction  of 
space  would  be  permitted  in  this  department.  Very 
much  to  their  surprise  and  indignation,  however,  the 
further  demands  for  space  from  foreign  countries  were 
granted  by  increased  inroads  upon  the  domains  of  lib- 
eral arts.  It  was  the  good  fortune  of  the  Massachu- 
setts commission  to  be  represented  in  Chicago  at  that 
time  by  two  of  its  members. 

A  request  for  a  hearing  before  the  executive 
committee  being  granted,  the  two  members  apiJfeared  in 
remonstrance  demanding  that  liberal  arts  should  be 
given  the  maximum  amount  of  floor  area  originally 
allotted  to  that  department,  and  that  Prof.  Putnam  of 
the  department  of  ethnology  should  be  given  back  the 
one  hundred  thousand  square  feet  of  which  he  had 
been  robbed.  Fortified  as  they  were  with  letters  and 
telegrams  from  the  manufacturing  interests  of  sixteen 
States  as  well  as  with  expressions  of  protest  from  rej)- 
resentative  men  in  the  field  of  liberal  arts,  the  aij]jeal 
of  the  Massachusetts  Board  clearly  indicated  that  this 
was  by  no  means  a  local  issue,  but  an  earnest  expression  of  the  sentiments  of  the  people.  The  result  of  it  all 
was  that  the  Council  of  Administration  decided  to  erect  a  special  educational  building  at  a  cost  of  ;>i 20,000. 
The  importance  of  this  victory  is  enhanced  when  one  considers  that  in  the  history  of  all  expositions,  that  of  1893 
will  be  the  first  which  will  have  raised  education,  that  centre  around  which  the  wheel  of  all  true  jirogress  must 
revolve,  to  the  dignity  of  a  se])arate  building. 


MODERN    SCHOOLHOUSE. 
i.Ro.xl'ury  Htgh  Sihoot.) 


A/ASSACl/USETTS    OF    TO-DAY.  13 

In  importance,  liberal  arts  will  have  for  the  first  time  been  placed  side  by  side  with  fine  arts,  and  received 
far  too  tardy  recognition  as  a  most  important  factor  in  the  great  scheme  of  civilization.  The  full  significance  of 
the  words  "  liberal  arts  "  is  not  appreciated  by  everybody.  To  realize  exactly  what  would  necessarily  follow  had 
this  great  and  important  department  been  permitted  to  continue  to  give  place  to  the  material  interests  of  the  world, 
one  must  know  that  there  is  included  therein  not  only  education /tv- jf,  but  also  those  very  many  subdepartments 
having  education  for  their  basis  and  life-giving  impulse.  Among  these  are  medicine  and  surgery,  engineering  and 
constructive  architecture,  hygiene  and  sanitation,  literature  and  journalism,  banking  and  finance,  music  and  the 
ilrama. 

Massachusetts  is  neither  an  agricultural  nor  yet  a  mining  State.  She  has  no  great  natural  resources  to  ex- 
hibit to  the  world.  She  is  distinctively  the  home  of  manufacturing  and  of  liberal  arts,  in  each  of  which  great  depart- 
ments she  would  be  expected  to  exhibit  to  advantage  to  herself  and  to  testify  to  the  thrift  and  intelligence  of  her 
people.  With  these  facts  in  mind,  the  injury  to  the  interests  that  will  surely  follow  the  cutting  down  of  space  in 
these  departments,  must  at  once  become  apparent.  Liberal  arts  include  the  great  department  of  sociology 
to  whose  problems  Massachusetts  and  her  intelligent,  public-spirited  citizens  have  been  giving  their  best  thought 
and  study. 

Some  of  the  best  results  from  investigation  into  the  imjiortant  questions  of  hygiene  and  sanitation  have 
been  the  work  of  Massachusetts  scientists.  The  work  of  our  hospitals,  of  our  prisons,  of  our  reformatories,  and  of 
our  charities,  is  certainly  worthy  of  every  inch  of  room  which  can  be  creditably  filled,  so  that  the  world  may 
see  what  is  being  done  for  the  general  care  and  amelioration  of  the  masses.  No  true  Massachusetts  man 
would  wish  to  ignore  or  belittle  the  material  resources  of  a  country,  inasmuch  as  his  State  furnishes,  and  will 
surely  continue  to  furnish,  so  much  to  any  exhibit  of  the  manufacturing  interests.  The  great  cotton  and 
woollen  factories  of  the  State  may  always  be  depended  upon  to  furnish  their  full  quota  to  the  display  of  the  products 
of  the  many  looms  and  spindles  which  are  unceasingly  singing  their  song  of  toil  throughout  the  States  of  the  Union. 
In  Chicago,  in  1S93,  the  Bay  State  will  furnish  one  quarter  of  the  total  number  of  exhibits  of  the  manufactures  of 
cotton,  and  over  one  third  of  all  the  textile  fabrics  having  wool  for  their  principal  staple.  In  the  department  of 
machinery,  that  great  department  in  which  the  inventive  genius  of  a  people  has  its  full  measure  of  opportunity, 
Massachusetts  will  now,  as  always,  hold  a  conspicuous  place. 

The  very  many  labor-saving  devices,  having  for  their  object  the  procuring  of  the  greatest  amount  of  product 
at  the  least  possible  cost,  must  stand  to  a  great  degree  as  a  measure  of  the  progress  which  a  people  is  making  in 
mechanical  skill  and  in  intelligent  investigation.  "  Necessity  is,"  as  goes  the  saying,  "  the  mother  of  invention." 
The  truth  of  this  maxim  Massachusetts  will  be  able  to  attest  to  in  the  variety  and  perfection  of  the  machinery 
exhibited  by  the  proprietors  of  her  many  factories. 

To  repeat,  Massachusetts  is  not  in  any  sense  either  an  agricultural  or  yet  a  mining  State.  Nevertheless,  in 
each  of  the  buildings  devoted  to  exhibits  of  these  natural  resources  of  the  country,  the  Bay  State  will  be  fitly  repre- 
sented. There  is  located  in  .\mherst  an  experiment  station,  which  is  on  the  grounds  belonging  to  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College.  This  has  for  its  mission  the  treatment,  scientifically,  of  trees,  plants,  roots,  and  soils,  so  as  to 
ascertain  what  is  needed  to  make  the  former  more  healthy  and  the  latter  more  productive. 

The  contribution  of  the  State  to  the  department  of  agriculture  will,  in  part,  at  least,  be  given  over  to  an 
exhibit  of  the  work  done  in  this  experiment  station,  and  of  the  good  results  attained  by  the  use  of  the  scientific 
formulaj  worked  out  bv  its  professors.  In  the  Mines  and  Mining  Building  an  exhibit  of  the  mineralogy  and  petrog- 
rai>hy  of  the  State  will  be  brought  together,  which  will  surely  be  as  handsome  and  as  complete  as  it  must  prove  to 
be  interesting.  It  is  confidently  hoped  that  not  less  than  one  thousand  specimens  will  be  ijrocured,  the  desire  of 
the  board  being  to  install  as  complete  and  as  accurate  a  collection  as  possible  of  what  the  State  affords  in  these  two 
departments.  The  State  managers  have  the  very  commendable  ambition  that  this,  the  first  complete  collection 
ever  made,  may  be  preserved  and  given  an  abiding  place  within  the  State  House,  where  it  may  remain  as  a  scientific 
collection  belonging  to  the  State. 

When  it  became  necessary  to  decide  on  some  design  for  a  State  building,  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Man- 
agers, in  sending  invitations  to  the  various  architects,  suggested  that  some  one  of  the  many  historic  buildings  within 
the  State  might  well  serve  as  a  model  to  represent  the  old  Bay  State  in  Chicago.  The  spirit  of  the  old  John  Han- 
cock house  is  seen  and  felt  when  one  looks  upon  the  building  finally  decided  upon.  It  breathes  of  the  Revolution, 
and  its  very  walls  seem  to  echo  back  the  patriotic  words  of  those  loyal  men  who,  a  century  since,  held  within  their 
grasp  the  destiny  and   fortune   of  the  good   old   State.     As  one   looks  upon   it,  or  as  one  walks  through  its  many 


14 


MA SS.I CHUSE T TS    OF    TO- DA  ) '. 


rooms,  he  will  not  find  it  necessary  to  ask,  "What  State  erected  this  building?"  It  will  surely  be  a  source  of  ])ride 
and  pleasure  to  every  son  and  daughter  of  New  England  who,  during  the  summer  of  1893,  will  journey  from  the 
furthermost  corners  of  the  country  to  visit  the  World's  Columbian  F^xjiosition. 

Nor  will  they  be  obliged  to  hang  their  heads  in  shame  at  the  position  which  the  State  will  occupy  in  every 
department,  be  it  in  liberal  arts  or  in  horticulture,  in  fine  arts  or  in  machinery,  in  agriculture  or  in  manufactures. 
The  Commonwealth,  in  all  of  these,  will  continue,  as  in  the  iiast,  to  do  full  credit  to  herself,  and  to  the  intelli- 
gence, taste,  and  business  abilities  of  her  people. 

K  recent  writer,  in  describing  the  Exposition,  has  justly  said  that  the  finest  exhibit  in  Chicago,  in  1S9,:;,  will 
be  the  city  itself,  with  its  wonderful  growth  and  its  suddenly  acquired  commercial  importance.  So  it  will  be  with  the 
Bay  State.  Her  exhibits  will  be  worthy  of  her  good  name,  and  will  surely  meet  the  expectations  of  her  citizens  ; 
but  the  best  contribution  which  she  can  make  to  an  international  exposition  is  such  as  cannot  lie  made  in  glass 
cases,  or  upon  raised  platforms,  or  in  ornamental  booths.  Her  most  valuable  contribution  will  be  in  those  many 
men  and  women  who,  inspired  with  the  New  England  spirit,  have  migrated  thence,  and,  by  their  industry  and 
determination,  bv  their  high  jirinciples,  and  by  their  perseverance,  have  made  possible  the  building  of  those  mag- 
nificent cities  of  the  West  which  are  the  wonder  of  the  generation  and  a  testimonv  to  American  character. 


OFFICERS   OF   THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION. 


HARLOW    N.   HKUllNSON 

H.    ().    EDMONDS 

.\.    F.   SEEBICRC.ER     . 


President. 
Secre'iary. 
Treasurer. 


MASSACHUSETTS    MEMBERS   OF  THE    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN   COMMISSION. 

{Appoinird  hy  tlic  J'rcsiiiciit  oj  the    L  'iiiU;/  S/a/rs. ) 
AC(;USTUi5   G.    liCLl.OCK  .         .  Commisskinkr  af  I.akce. 

FRAN(TS    W.    I'.REED.  THOMAS    E.    I'ROCIOR. 

(Altn-iiatf.)  {Altniialr.) 

(lICORtiK    r.    l.ADl).  CHARLES    V..    ADAMS. 


MASSACHUSETTS    MEMBERS    BOARD    OF    LADY    MANAGERS. 


MRS.    JONAS    H.    I''R1';NCIL 

(Alternate.) 
MLSS    AL\RV   crease    SEARS. 


MRS.    RCECS   S.    FROSI 


(/  dcaiit.) 


Director    General 


GEORGE    R.   DAVIS. 


j,iuc<im9iBYJ'M''"^f-&  C:'^-C;/iijyo.  • 


THE   ADMINISTRATION    BUILDING,    WORLD'S    COLUMBIAN    EXPOSITION. 


CS) 


MASSACHUSETTS  —  1 620  - 1 892. 


OLD    SOUTH    CHURCH. 


THK  ]iessimist,  nowadays,  is  fond  of  saying  that  the  glory  of   Massachusetts  is  waning:   that  her  |jristine  intel- 
lectual ascendancy   has  gone,  ne\er  to   return  ;   that   her  leadership  in   the  councils  of  the   nation  is  one  of 
tradition,  not  of  reality.     He   cites  as   proof  of  this  fancied  decadence  that  the  patriotic  man  of   Massa- 
chusetts can  no  longer  point  to  such  orators  as  Webster,  and  Everett,  and  Choate, 
and  Phillips  ;  to  such  wise  and  great  statesmen  as  the  Adamses,  Gushing,  Sumner, 
and   Wilson ;    to  such    brilliant   literary   names   as    Emerson,    Hawthorne,  Thoreau, 
Motley,  Prescott,  Longfellow,  Lowell,    and  Whittier ;    to  such  scientists  as  Agassiz  ; 
to  such  theologians  as  Channing,  Parker,  and  Freeman  Clarke. 

While  ignoring  the  fact  that  no  community  of  2,238,000  souls  reasonably  could 
be  expected  to  furnish   all  the  brains  and  the  intellectual  inspiration   for  a  nation 
numbering  65,000,000,  he  also  fails   to  take  into  account  the  most  suggestive  fact 
that   these    men   lived   and   achieved  their   fame    in   a   period    when  the    national 
character  was  unformed,  the  body  politic  was  in  the  chrysalis  state,  and  intellectual 
activity  was    nowhere  thoroughly  awakened.       In  fact,    it    is    (juestionable   whether 
either  the  orators,  the  literary  men,  or  the  theologians  who  have  departed  were  as 
much  appreciated  by  their  contemporaries  as  by  the  generations   which  have  suc- 
ceeded.    Furthermore,  the  epochs   in  which  most  of  them  flourished  were  by  their 
very  nature  a  stimulant  to  greatness  :  the  orators  were   confronted  by  political  issues 
which  a])pealed  to  individual  patriotism  and  the  national  pride  more  earnestly  than  at 
any  time  since  the  War  of  the  Revolution  ;  there  being  no  American  literature  worth 
the  name,  the  literary  men  had  a  virgin  field  for  their  pro- 
ductions ;  science  was  an  even  more  untried   field   for  the  ,__,^_______.„„,„_, 

truth-seeker;  while  the  theologians,  unlike  their  brethren 
of  to-day,  were  not  handicapped  by  the  modern  conflict  between  orthodoxv  and  heter- 
odoxy. Not  that  the  writer  would  in  the  slightest  degree  disparage  the  greatness  which 
these  men  achieved  and  deserved,  but  that  he  would  prefer  to  see  a  less  harsh  judg- 
ment of  latter-day  men  and  affairs. 

Be  it  remembered  that  times  and  conditions  have  changed,  and  still  are  chang- 
ing. Fifty  years  ago,  there  was  a  dearth  of  men  whom  nowadays  we  should  designate 
as  of  average  ability.  From  our  point  of  view,  the  masses  were  untutored  and 
unlearned ;  the  temper  of  the  times  was  not  distinguished  by  any  especial  intellectual 
interest.  The  man  of  any  eminence  in  a  given  calling  at  once  rose  to  heights  of 
grandeur.  He  was  one  of  ten  thousand.  The  standard  of  intelligence,  in  Massachusetts 
as  elsewhere,  was  far  beneath  that  of  to-day  ;  it  was  essentially  an  age  of  mediocrity,  as 
we  look  back  upon  it. 

The  Massachusetts  man  of  the  present,  and  the  Massachusetts  woman,  too,  are 
far  more  intelligent,  far  better  versed  in  all  that  pertains  to  a  rounded  and  ripened 
culture  ;  their  judgments  are  formed  not  by  the  impassioned  utterances  of  orators,  but 
by  their  own  independent  processes  of  thought,  study,  and  reasoning.  Mental  training 
is  now  compulsory  among  all  classes  ;  libraries,  news])a])ers,  the  school  and  the  college, 
the  constant  attrition  of  man  with  man  and  of  woman  with  woman,  in  business,  in  social 
intercourse,  and  in  the  hundred  and  one  progressive  movements  which  are  a  distinct 
feature  of  the  social  body  in  Massachusetts,  together  with  the  broader  and  less  provincial  view  of  the  theatre  of 
the  world's  activity  made  possible  by  the  newspaper  jiress  and  the  telegra])h,  all  have  contributed  towarrl 
im])roving    the   intellectual    standard    of    the    individual,   toward    de\eloping    and    rewardiug    abilit)',   and    towaril 

(16) 


CHRIST    CHURCH. 
(.Boston.) 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


17 


making  keener  the  desire  for  knowledge.  By  means  of  this  incomparable  curriculum,  the  man  and  the  woman 
of  ability  have  been  brought  to  the  front ;  brains  are  no  longer  the  possession  of  a  few,  but  are  the  heritage 
of  the  many.  In  the  army  of  intellectual  men  and  women  in  the  Commonwealth  to-day,  are  scientists  and  litera- 
teurs,  political  economists  and  historians,  jurists  and  financiers,  preachers  and  philoso])hers,  educators,  engineers, 
sociologists,  archsologists,  linguists,  a  brilliant  galaxy  of  masterly  minds 
whose  genius  has  added  to  the  sum  of  the  world's  enlightenment  anil 
whose  lustre  shows   no  signs  of  diminishing. 

If  we  will  but  look  around  us,  the  conclusion  is  inevitable  that  Massa- 
chusetts has  «('/ deteriorated  ;  on  the  contrary,  she  has  but  reached  the  full  and 
rounded  development  of  a  noble  and  beautiful  womanhood,  which  lavishes 
priceless  gifts  upon  her  offspring,  nurtures  their  minds  and  bodies  with  the 
accumulated  experience  of  two  centuries  and  a  half,  and  instils  their  moral 
and  spiritual  natures  with  the  beneficent  teachings  of  the  fathers.  It  is  true 
that  some  of  her  farms  have  been  depopulated,  that  her  once  splendid  mar- 
itime commerce  has  fallen  away,  and  that  an  occasional  literary  man  or  artist 
has  forsaken  Boston  for  the  metropolis.  But  here  the  retrograde  ceases ;  the 
other  side  of  the  picture  is  extremely  bright,  and  will  become  even  more  so. 


OLD    STATE    HOUSE. 
{Boston.) 


Coexistent  with  this  development  of  the  Massachusetts  citizen,  there 
has  been  going  on  for  upwards  of  thirty  years  a  change  in  the  physical 
complexion  of  the  social  body.  Unnoticed  at  first,  and  then  gradually  mak- 
ing its  numbers  felt,  there  has  come  an  immense  immigration  from  European 
countries,  an  influx  of  foreign  blood  whose  proportions,  in  the  census  of 
1890,  as  compared  with  those  of  the  native  population,  are  measured  by  the 
ratio  of  29.4  to  70.6.  This  might  at  first  glance  seem  an  extraordinarily  large  percentage  of  foreigners,  were  it  not 
that  the  historian   Bancroft   stated  that  in  1755  the  colonies  were  inhabited  by  persons  "one  fifth  of  whom  had  for 

their  mother  tongue  some  other  language  than  the  English."  While  in  some 
other  States  the  character  of  immigrants  who  have  arrived  and  are  still  arriv- 
ing is  such  as  very  properly  to  alarm  those  who  have  the  public  interest 
at  heart,  yet  it  is  undeniable  that  in  the  foreign-born  population  of  this  Com- 
monwealth there  is  nothing  which  either  threatens  the  safety  of  its  institutions 
or  impairs  its  proud  title  as  the  most  progressive  and  the  most  enlightened  mem- 
ber of  the  sisterhood  of  States.  The  immigration  to  Massachusetts  has  been 
of  an  exceptionally  high  order.  The  alarmist  has  not  yet  succeeded  in  showing 
that  this  element  of  the  population  is  not  just  as  patriotic,  as  intensely  American, 
as  earnest,  and  as  jealous  of  the  right  observance  of  those  principles  which 
underlie  the  government  of  the  State  and  the  nation,  as^the  descendants  of 
the  Puritans  themselves.  Their  very  reverence  of  those  principles,  as  manifested 
frequently  in  the  every-day  life  of  the  people,  attests  the  God-given  privileges 
to  the  enjoyment  of  which  they  have  been  invited,  and  which  they  have  in  no 
instance  disgraced.  It  could  not  be  otherwise  in  a  Commonwealth  whose  pride 
in  itself  and  whose  public  spirit  and  lofty  patriotism  quickly  impress  themselves 
upon  all  new-comers.  No  fitter  exemplification  is  recorded  of  the  attitude  of  the 
foreigner  in  Massachusetts  than  the  following  from  the  pen  of  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  himself  an  immigrant,  and  a  leader 
of  the  most  numerous  part  of  the  foreign-born  population,  and  an  American  citizen,  esteemed  in  all  classes  :  — 

"  No  treason  we  bring  from  Erin,  nor  bring  we  shame  or  guill ! 
The  sword  we  hold  may  be  broken,  but  we  have  not  dropped  the  hilt; 
The  wreath  we  bear  to  Columbia  is  twisted  of  thorns,  not  bays. 
And  the  songs  we  sing  are  saddened  liy  thoughts  of  desolate  days. 
But  the  hearts  we  bring  for  Freedom  are  washed  in  the  surge  of  tears; 
And  we  claim  our  right  by  a  People's  fight  outliving  a  thousand  years  I  " 

The  original  fountainhead  of  population  in  Massachusetts  flowed  in  no  defiled  stream  through  more  than  a 
century,  and  its  passage  accumulate<l  so  much  strength  and  jjower  for  purity  that,  instead  of  being  contaminated 


MiJlilLlLaa 


FANEUIL    HALL. 
{Boston.) 


1 8 


MASSACffUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


by  the  alien  waters  which  flowed  into  it,  it  clarified  and  purified  and  made  sweeter  those  waters  themselves. 
In  all  the  fortv-lour  States,  there  exists  no  happier  realization  of  the  Republican  idea  than  within  the  confines 
of  Massachusetts.  'I'here  has  been  no  great  race  friction,  no  class  discrimination.  The  red  hand  of  anarchy  has 
never  risen  to  strike  at  the  life  of  the  people  ;  labor  riots,  which  have  disturbed  other  States,  imperilling  life  and 
property,  are,  in  Massachusetts,  unheard  of.  Here  are  the  British-American  and  the  Irish,  the  German  and  the 
French-Canadian,  the  Portuguese  and  the  Pole,  the  Swede  and  the  Italian,  almost  all  the  types  of  the  races  of 
Europe,  and  with  them  the  descendants  of  the  twenty  thousand  English  families  who  settled  in  Massachusetts 
mainly  between  1630  and  1640,  a  happy  and  contented  industrial  and  commercial  family,  whose  common  goal  is 
prosperity,  and  moral  and  physical  improvement.  Out  of  this  common  citizenship,  there  will  come  forth,  in 
another  day  and  generation,  a  new  race  of  Massachusetts  men.  Meanwhile,  the  liberalizing  tendencies  of  expe- 
rience will   have    obliterated  whatever  race  prejudice   that  may  exist,  in  a  latent  form,  now.     The  evolution  will 


STATE    HOUSE,    BOSTON. 

be  easy  and  natural  ;  by  the  intermarriage  of  the  races,  which  has  already  begun,  the  superior  bone  and  sinew, 
and  the  Spartan  fortitude  of  the  foreigner,  and  the  cultured  intellect  and  Athenian  graces  of  the  descendants  of  the 
Puritans  will  be  interchanged,  —  the  result  will  be  a  more   perfect,  more  ennobling,  more  symmetrical  Jiianhood. 


It  is  a  magnificent  tribute  to  the  versatility  of  Massachusetts  men,  that  while  she  has  always  led  the  nation 
in  hclks-kttirs,  in  scholarship,  and  in  scientific  research,  her  sons  have  ever  been  remarkable  for  their  adaptability 
in  mechanical  invention.  Of  the  five  great  inventions  which,  more  than  any  others,  have  contributed  to  the 
development  of  commerce  and  the  comforts  of  the  people,  it  is  significant  that  four  were,  if  not  in  all  respects  the 
original  conceptions  of  Massachusetts  men,  first  made  practically  useful  in  Massachusetts,  and,  except  in  one 
instance,  by  Massachusetts  men.  Prof.  S.  F.  B.  Morse,  a  native  of  Charlestown,  was  the  first  to  operate  the  telegraph 
successfully  at  a  public  trial ;  I'",li  Whitney,  a  native  of  Westborough,  gave  to  the  world  the  cotton-gin  ;  Elias  Howe, 
who  was  born  at  Spencer,  invented  the  sewing-machine;  and  from  IJoston  to  Salem,  in  1877,  the  first  articulating 
telephone  was  tested  successfully  by  Prof.  A.  G.  Bell,  a  Scotchman,  while  Prof.  Amos  E.  Dolbear,  of  Tufts  College, 
at  Medford,  was  a  (lioneer  in   the  earlv  experiments.     Another  son   of   Massachusetts,  Benjamin  Franklin,  born  at 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


19 


EMANCIPATION    STATUE. 
{Boston.) 


Boston,  made  valuable  investigations  into  the  nature  of  lightning.  In  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  the 
discovery  of  ether  was  first  practically  proved  by  William  Thomas  Green  Morton,  M.  D.  The  first  railroad  in 
America  was  operated  at  t^uincy,  in  1826.  Erastus  B.  Bigelow,  born  at  \\'est  Boylston,  invented,  in  1839,  a  carpet 
loom,  whose  usefulness  revolutionized  the  manufacture  of  carpets  throughout  the  world.  Many  of  what  are  now 
immense  manufacturing  enterprises  sprang  from  humble  beginnings 
on  Massachusetts  soil.  Bricks  were  made  at  Salem  the  year  fol- 
lowing its  settlement ;  the  first  cotton  mill  was  built  at  Beverly  in 
1787;  the  first  mill  in  the  world  capable  of  producing  a  finished 
cloth  from  the  raw  material  was  established  at  \Valtham.  In  1790, 
at  Newburyport,  Jacob  Perkins  set  up  a  machine  for  cutting  and 
heading  ten  thousand  nails  in  a  day  ;  in  1815,  the  tack  industry  was 
inaugurated  at  Bridgewater;  Lynn  began  making  shoes  in  1635; 
combs  were  made  at  West  Newbury  in  1759;  cannon-balls  were 
made  within  ten  miles  of  Boston  as  early  as  1664,  and  the  first 
piece  of  casting  made  on  American  soil  was  "  run  in"  at  Lynn,  in 
1663  ;  Boston  and  Charlestown  had  cordage  works  as  early  as  1631. 
Thus  was  the  impulse  to  manufacturing,  which  has  now 
become  the  dominant  industry  east  of  the  Mississippi  river,  early 
manifested  in  Massachusetts.  Boston,  as  early  as  1758,  had  a 
"  Society  for  P^ncouraging  Industry,"  and  in  that  year  it  is  interesting 
to  note,  as  a  sign  of  the  times,  that  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barnard,  in 
a   sermon,  strongly  urged  "  an    industrious  prosecution   of  the  arts 

of  civil  life"  as  "very  friendly  to 
virtue."     With  the  ushering  in  of 

the  industrial  era,  it  was  not  long  before  the  factories  had  as  employes  the  sons 
anil  the  daughters  of  farmers,  who  doubtless  founil  factory  life  not  only  less 
arduous,  but  a  good  deal  more  attractive  in  a  social  way.  These  early  factory 
operatives  were  most  of  them  of  the  best  American  stock,  a  fact  which  unques- 
tionably aided  in  perfecting  what  is  now  the  finest  and  most  humane  factory 
system  in  the  country.  The  superiority  of  the  Massachusetts  factory  employe' 
in  those  days  impressed  Charles  Dickens  so  vividly  that  he  made  mention  of  it 
in  his  "  American  Notes."  Describing  what  he  witnessed  among  the  women 
operatives  at  Lowell,  then  as  now  the  banner  factory  town  in  America,  he  says  ;  — 
"  I  am  now  going  to  state  three  facts  which  will  startle  a  large  class  of 
readers  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic,  very  much.  Firstly,  there  is  a  joint  stock 
piano  in  a  great  many  of  the  boarding-houses.  Secondly,  nearly  all  these  young 
ladies  subscribe  to  circulating  libraries.  Thirdly,  they  hav€-got  up  among  them 
selves  a  periodical  called  the  '  Lowell  Offering,'  a  repository  of  original  articles 
written  exclusively  by  females  actively  employed  in  the  mills,  which  is  duly 
jjrinted,  published,  and  sold,  and  whereof  I  brought  away  from  Lowell  four 
hundred  good  solid  pages,  which  I  have  read  from  beginning  to  end." 

Several  of  the  young  women  operatives  who  wrote  for  the  "  Offering  " 
subsequently  made  names  for  themselves  in  literature,  while  their  unpretentious 
little  publication  attracted  attention  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  factory  system  of  the  State  is  conducted  on  a  basis  which  has  served 
as  a  model  for  other  States.  Massachusetts,  always  jealous  of  the  moral  and 
physical  condition  of  the  ]jeople,  years  ago  recognized  that  the  onward  march 
of  industry,  with  its  thousands  of  manufacturing  plants  and  its  improved  methods 
of  production  by  labor-saving  machinery,  while  it  might  make  the  State  wealthier  and  enhance  the  volume  of  busi- 
ness, yet  would  be  accompanied  bv  a  corres])onding  deterioration  in  the  welfare  of  the  employe.  The  tendency 
of  capital  to  sacrifice  the  wage-earner  in  order  to  make  larger  the  percentage  of  profit  was,  therefore,  met  by  legis- 
lation which  might,  in  a  measure,  relieve  the  weaker  part  of  the  work-a-day  poi)ulation  from  the  tyranny  of  industry. 


BUNKER   HILL   MONUMENT. 
{Boston.') 


20 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF  TO~DAY. 


To  this  end  were  enacted  laws  prescribing  the  hours  of  labor  in  factories  for  women  and  for  minors  under 
eighteen  at  fifty-eight  per  week,  and  prohibiting  the  employment  of  children  under  thirteen  during  school  hours 
unless  they  have  had  thirty  weeks'  schooling  the  preceding  year,  and  unless  they  can  read  and  write.  It  was 
also  enacted  that  no  minor  over  fourteen  can  be  regularly  employed  unless  he  can  read  and  write,  and  that 
the  employer  of  minors  under  sixteen  must  keep  "an  age  and  schooling"  certificate  respecting  such  minor. 
Imprisonment  for  debt  was  virtually  abolished,  a  lien  law  was  provided,  the  necessary  tools  of  an  artisan  were 
exempted  from  attachment,  and  the  trustee  process  was  curtailed.  Regulations  for  the  [irotection  of  life  and 
health  in  factories  were  provided,  and  workingmen's  co-operative  associations  and  loan  and  building  societies 
were  authorized,  the  last  conferring  upon  the  wage-earner  an  incentive  for  thrift,  the  wisdom  of  which  is  now  a 
matter  of  common  knowledge.  The  legalization  of  one  day  in  a  year  as  Labor  Day  was  another  act  of  recognition 
of  the  dignity  of  labor.     With  free  text-books  in  the  schools  and  evening  schools  for  any  and  all  who  would  join 


them,  and  with  free  libraries  and 
and  towns,  opportunities  for 
are  at  the  command  of  even  the 
of  this  wise  appreciation  of  the 
Massachusetts  mechanic  and 
than  his  father  before  him,  that 
and,  when  they  do  occur,  are 
of  Arbitration,  and  that  the 
tion,  now  numbering  over  four 
chiefly  foreign-born  or  of  for- 
sympathy  with  American  insti- 

One  need  not  travel  far 
with  what  comforts  the  factory 
self.  In  any  one  of  a  hundred 
afforded  of  colonies  of  attractive 
or  in  process  of  full  ownership 
chanics.  It  is  a  striking  com- 
Massachusetts  library  system  — 
sixty-nine  free  libraries,  con- 
dred  and  sixty-nine  thousand 
about  one  fifth  of  all  the  libra- 
excellent  c  i  t  i  z  e  n-makers  are 
earners  and  their  children. 
Mr.  Dickens  would  marvel 
did    at  the  blue  -  stockings    of 

The  statistics  of  manu- 
chief  source   of  the  wealth  of 


.AbHINGTON    ELM. 
{^Cambridge') 


reading-rooms  in  all  the  cities 
mental  and  moral  improvement 
lowliest.  It  is  in  conse(|uence 
needs  of  the  masses  that  the 
laborer  is  a  better  spiritual  man 
labor  troubles  are  so  infrequent, 
cpiickly  settled  by  a  State  Board 
entire  manufacturing  popula- 
hundred  thousand  persons, 
eign  extraction,  is  in  complete 
tutions  and  principles, 
through  the  State  to  witness 
employe  has  surrounded  him- 
factory  towns  the  spectacle  is 
cottages,  either  owned  outright 
by  sober  and  industrious  nie- 
mentary  u])on  the  efificacy  of  the 
the  State  has  five  hundred  and 
taining  three  million  five  hun- 
and  eighty-five  volumes,  or 
ries  in  the  country  —  that  these 
patronized  chiefly  by  wage- 
Here  is  a  phenomenon  whereat 
probably  even  more  than  he 
the  Lowell  factory, 
facturing  show  that  it  is  the 
the  State.   The  invested  capital 


approximates  §600,000,000,  with  twenty-four  thousand  firms  and  corporations,  and  four  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
operatives.  The  wages  paid  aggregates  J?i88,ooo,ooo ;  the  value  of  the  product  is  estimated  at  $871,061,163.  The 
chief  industries  are  boots  and  shoes,  carpetings,  clothing,  cotton  goods,  leather,  machines  and  machinery,  metals  and 
metallic  goods,  woollen  goods,  and  worsted  goods.  Other  great  industries  are  furniture,  jewelry,  paper,  cars,  rubber 
goods,  chocolate,  cocoa,  watches,  straw  goods,  food  preparations,  cordage  and  twine,  carriages  and  wagons,  paper  and 
wooden  boxes,  tools,  agricultural  implements,  liquors,  musical  instruments,  wooden  ware,  silk  and  silk  goods.  The 
average  yearly  wages  paid  in  1891,  was  $441.90;  the  highest  annual  wages  paid  was  $685.76  ;  the  lowest,  $287.22. 
I'he  chief  centres  of  the  boot  and  shoe  industry  are  the  cities  of  Lvnn,  Haverhill,  and  Brockton,  the  number  of  estab- 
lishments in  each  being  as  follows  :  Lynn,  three  hundred  and  twenty-three  ;  Haverhill,  two  hundred  and  twenty-six; 
Brockton,  seventy-three.  Boston  has  one  hundred  and  ninety-one  clothing  manufacturing  establishments.  In  the 
manufacture  of  textiles  the  leading  cities  are  Fall  River,  Lowell,  Lawrence,  New  Bedford,  and  Holyoke.  In  the  pro- 
duction of  leather,  Woburn,  Peabody,  Salem,  and  Lynn  lead.  Taunton,  Worcester,  and  Fitchburg  have  extensive  estab- 
lishments devoted  to  the  manufacture  of  machinery.  Boston,  Worcester,  Taunton,  and  Attleboro'  also  lead  in  the 
manufacture  of  metals  and  metallic  goods.     The  chief  ])a|)cr  manufacturing  centre  is  Holyoke,  with  nineteen  mills. 


MASSACHUSETTS    Of    TO-DAY. 


21 


KING'S  CHAPEL. 


No  trait  of  character  in  the  man  of  Massachusetts  stands  forth  so  prominently  as  that  alert  and  far-sighted 
mental  grasp,  which  enables  him  to  take  a  quick  and  comprehensive  view  of  the  right  conduct  of  large  public 
enterprises.  So  infallible  has  this  characteristic  shown  itself  to  be,  in  instances  without  number,  that  the  country 
has  learned  to  look  to  Massachusetts  for  leadership.  This  is  true,  not  only  of  political  and  social  reform,  but  also 
in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  government  of  its  State  institutions. 
Of   the  latter  it  cannot  be  gainsaid  that  they  are  at  least  as  well  - 

conducted  and  are  as  free  from  abuses  as  are  those  of  any  State 
in  the  Union. 

There  are  several  features  in  the  care  and  management  of 
the  insane,  the  idiot,  and  the  paupers,  which  emphasize  anew  the 
progressive  tendency  of  the  public  administration  of  the  State. 
Chief  of  these  is  the  introduction  of  what  is  known  as  the  Scotch 
or  "boarding-out"  system  of  treating  the  insane.  It  is  argued 
that,  in  cases  of  mildly  or  curably  insane  persons,  it  is  manifestly 
unjust,  not  to  say  cruel,  to  place  them  in  intimate  contact  with 
persons  who  are  violently  and  hopelessly  insane.  To  avoid  this, 
the  experiment  has  been  tried  of  "boarding  out"  in  private  families 
such  patients  as  show  reasonable  hope  of  being  restored  to  their 
normal  activities  of  mind  and  body.  Of  this  class,  upwards  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  are  boarded  out,  and  the  result  of  the  experi- 
ment is  being  carefully  studied.  The  chief  State  asylums  are  those 
at  Danvers  and  at  Worcester,  both  of  which  are  magnificent  structures.  Other  State  asylums  are  at  \\'estborough, 
Taunton,  and  Northampton.  The  total  number  of  the  insane  under  State  supervision  on  March  31,  1891,  was 
five  thousand  nine  hundred  and  forty-four,  of  whom  five  thousand  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  were  supported  by 
the  State.  The  average  cost  per  capita  ranges  from  S3.03  to  ^3.97  per  week.  The  city  and  town  almshouses  of  the 
State  number  two  hundred  and  fifteen.  The  number  of  occupants  receiving  full  support  on  July  i,  1891,  was  eight 
thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-nine ;  partial  support,  fourteen  thousand  and  ninety-four.  The  management  of 
the  insane  and  the  poor  is  in  charge  of  the  State  Board  of  Lunacy  and  Charity,  whose  officials  annually  dispense 
charity,  in  one  form  or  another,  to  sixteen  thousand  persons.  The  officers  and  agents  of  the  Indoor  Poor  Depart- 
ment of  the  Board  investigate  the  homes  of  juvenile  offenders,  visit  the  courts  in  the  interest  of  juvenile  law- 
breakers, visit  girls  placed  out  in  families  from  industrial  and  reform  schools,  and  examine  all  immigrants  who  are 
liable  to  become  public  charges.    The  Department  of  Out-door  Poor  has  to  do  with  unsettled  ])aupers  who  are  sick 

or  who  need  relief,  with  foundlings  and  destitute  infants,  etc.  A 
fact  which  is  eloquent  of  that  lofty  humanity  which  actuates  the 
people  of  Massachusetts  is,  that  over  eighty  ladies  in  different 
parts  of  the  Commonwealth  have  consented  _to  act  as  agents  with- 
out pay  in  the  service  of  the  State  Board, in  the  visitation  and  over- 
sight of  girls,  wards  of  the  State  who  have  been  placed  in  families. 
The  State  Prison  is  at  Charlestown,  and  has  about  six  hundred 
criminals.  At  Concord  is  the  Reformatory  for  Men,  with  seven 
hundred  inmates,  and  at  Sherborn,  another  for  women,  with  two 
hundred  and  fifty  inmates,  both  of  which  strive  to  reclaim  the 
offenders  for  the  first  time  against  the  law.  There  are  besides 
county  and  city  prisons  and  several  other  correctional  institutions. 
.\11  work  bv  the  convict  is  now  done  for  the  benefit  of  the  State, 
contract  labor  having  been  abolished  in  1S87.  Statistics  of  the 
courts  show  that  the  number  of  commitments  for  drunkenness 
have  increased  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  per  cent  since  1880, 
while  there  has  been  a  notable  decrease  in  the  number  of  commitments  for  more  serious  crimes.  For  instance,  the 
number  of  commitments  for  assault,  burglary,  forgery,  homicide,  larceny,  etc.,  in  1858  was  four  thousand  three 
hundred  and  three;  in  1880  it  was  three  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety,  and  in  1890  it  was  three  thousand, 
seven  hundred  and  ninety-two,  and  this  notwithstanding  an  enormous  increase  in  the  population. 


JAMES   RUSSELL   LOWELL'S  HOME. 


.-i/.iss.KV/c's/rrrs  of  to-day. 


The  influence  of  Massachusetts  educational  methods  upon  the  country  has  been  of  immeasurable  value.  It 
is  everywhere  acknowledged  that  here  education  has  been  reduced  to  a  science  which  has  been  made  as  nearly  per- 
fect as  possible  by  legislation,  and  by  intelligent  educators.  The  seed  of  what  is  now  a  national  system  of  free 
education  was  sown  in  Boston  in  an  order  adopted  by  the  freemen  of  the  town  in  1635,  as  follows  :  "The  13"' of 
y''  2''  month,  1635  ;  Likewise  it  was  then  gen''ally  agreed  upon  that  y'  o'  Philemon  Pormont  shall  be  entreated  to 
become  schoolmaster  for  y''  teaching  and  nourtering  of  children  w'''  vs."  The  record  of  the  General  Court  of 
Massachusetts  contains  the  ordinance  of  1647,  ^'^  follows  :  "  Now  that  learning  may  not  be  buried  in  the  graves 
of  our  fathers,  every  township  in  this  jurisdiction  after  the  Lord  hath  increased  them  to  fifty  house-holders,  shall 
then  forthwith  appoint  one  man  within  their  town  to  teach  all  such  children  as  shall  resort  to  him  to  write  and  read." 
The  evolution  of  the  common-school  system  thus  modestly  founded  is  the  State's  proudest  achievement.  Under  the 
stimulus  of  public  sentiment,  iniited  with  the  self-sacrificing  zeal  of  such  friends  of  education  as  Horace  Mann, 
the  system  has  grown  until  in  1891  there  were  seven  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirtv-nine  public  schools,  with 
nine  thousand  two  hundred  twenty-seven  teachers,  and  two  hundred  and  forty-four  high  schools,  with  twenty-six 
thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety-four  pupils.  The  number  of  scholars  during  the  year  ending  May  i,  1S91,  was 
three  hundred  and  seventy-six  thousand   nine  hundred  and   eighty-six.     The  fund  for  the  support  of  the  schools 


was  58,554,545-57,  or 
between  the  ages  of 
There  were  two  hun- 
evening  schools,  in 
towns,  attentled  by 
four  hundred  and  fifty- 
sexes.  The  private 
hundred  and  seventy- 
ance  of  forty-two  thou- 
forty-seven.  The  nor- 
fitting  young  women 
tablished  in  1840,  and 
stitutions  located  at 
ham,  Salem,  AN'estfield, 
is  a  normal  art  school 
1873.  Among  the  sa- 
Massachusetts  scheme 
use  of  free  text-books, 


■ww^-^a*  '-^T  y  lilillilli:  ' 


PLYMOUTH     ROCK. 


S22.72  for  each  child 
five  and  fifteen  years, 
dred  and  sixty -six 
fifty  -  five  cities  and 
twenty-eight  thousand 
three  pujiils  of  both 
schools  number  three 
eight,  with  an  attend- 
sand  five  hundred  and 
nial  SI  hool  system  for 
to  be  teachers  was  es- 
now  nimibers  five  in- 
1  Sridge  water,  Framing- 
and  Worcester.  There 
at  lioston,  founded  in 
licnt  features  in  the 
of  education  are  the 
instruction  in  the  ele- 


mentarv  use  of  hand-tools,  and  in  the  effect  upon  the  human  svstem  of  alcoholic  drinks,  stiui\ilants,  and 
narcotics,  the  establishment  of  schools  for  training  young  men  or  boys  in  nautical  duties,  and  the  transpoitation 
of  children  from  their  homes  to  the  school-houses  when  at  a  distance,  for  which  in  1890-91  the  sum  of  $30,648.68 
was  expended  by  one  hundred  and  fortv-five  towns.  The  introchu  tion  of  the  manual  training  idea  as  part  of 
the  school  curriculum,  which  was  the  conception  of  Prof.  John  1).  Runkle,  President  of  the  Massachusetts  School  of 
Technology,  in  1877,  marked  an  epoch  in  the  .\merican  educational  system.  The  desire  for  this  excellent  form  of 
instruction,  which  is  chiefly  toward  joinery  and  plain  sewing,  cannot  fail  to  have  a  salutary  effect  upon  the  industry 
of  the  State.  Among  the  special  schools  in  the  State  are  those  for  the  instruction  of  the  deaf,  the  blind,  the 
feeble-minded,  and  wayward  youths,  all  of  which  are  maintained  at  the  State's  expense,  and  are  doing  a  noble  work. 
Of  the  academies  and  colleges  of  the  State  it  is  unnecessary  to  speak  at  any  length.  Suffice  it  to  say  that 
most  of  them  have  a  national  reputation  for  excellence,  and  attract  students  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  some 
from  foreign  countries.  In  the  city  of  Boston  and  vicinity  alone  are  upwards  of  six  thousand  young  men  and  women 
undergoing  the  higher  instruction,  most  of  whom  are   non-residents. 


The  passengers  who  diseniljarked  from  the  "  Mayflower"  at  Plymouth  in  1620  numbered  fifty-six,  of  whom 
fifteen  were  servants.  .'\t  the  census  of  1890  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  contained  2,238,943  persons; 
in  1885,  the  ]30)julation  was  1,942,141.  The  increase  from  1885  to  1890  exceeded  that  for  the  previous  five 
years.  The  gain  in  the  last  five  years  in  municipalities  within  a  radius  of  eight  miles  from  the  State  House 
may  be   indicated   by  the  fact  that   in   the  cases  of  Boston,   Cambridge,  Chelsea,   Maiden,  and   Somerville,   there 


^f.\SSACHUSETTS  OF  TO-DAY. 


23 


has  been  an  increase  respectively  of  58,084,  10,370,   2,200,  6,624,  and   10,181.     Of  the  entire  population  more 
than  680,000  persons,  or  about  thirty  per  cent,  resided  in  the  suburbs   or  the  city  of  Boston.     The  cities  and 
towns  within  a  radius  of  twelve  miles  of  the  State  House  contained  872,482  persons  or  nearly  thirty-nine  per 
cent  of  the  entire  population.     One  hundred  cities  and  towns,  excluding  Boston,  in  the  Commonwealth,  which 
lead  in  manufactures  contained  in  i8go  more  than  sixty  per  cent 
of  the  population.     The  same  towns  and  cities  in  1880  contained 
more  than  fifty-six   per  cent,  and  in  1885   more  than  fifty-nine  per 
cent  of  the  entire   population.     The  ten  chief  cities  in  1890  were  : 
Boston,  448,477;  Worcester,  84,655;   Lowell,  77,696;   Fall  River, 
74,398;    Cambridge,   70,028;    Lynn,   55,727;    Lawrence,    44,654; 
Springfield,   44,179;    New   Bedford,    40,733;    Somerville,    40,152. 
The  greatest  gain  since   1885  was  in   Somerville,  33.97  per  cent. 
There  are  479,790   families,  averaging  4.67  persons  to  each.     The 
density  of   the  ])opulation  per  square  mile    exceeds  that  of   any 
State  except  Rhode  Island.     There   are   more  women  than  men, 
a  fact  which  is  due  to  the  emigration  to  the  West,  to  the  death 
of  soldiers  in  the  war,  and  to  loss  of  life  at  sea.      One   fourth  of 
the  working  population  is  engaged  in  the  textile  industries.     Two 
thirds  of  the  men  and  one  fifth  of  the  women  are  in  remunera- 
tive emiiloyments.     hi  1885,  the  date  of    latest  State  census,  the 

'-'■''  '  WHITTIER'S   BIRTHPLACE. 

boot  and  shoe  industry  employed  64,858  ]>ersons  ;  cotton  goods,  (Haveyinii.) 

60,132;    building  trades,    27,873;    metals    and    metal    working,    24,233;    clothing,    18,325;    machinery,    14,644. 

There  were,  in   18S5,  324,828   occupied  and  unoccupied  houses  in  the  State,  of  which   297,958  were  of  wood. 


The  promotion  of  agriculture  was  an  aim  of  the  rulers  of  the  Commonwealth  in  its  early  history,  and  numer- 
ous societies  having  that  end  in  view  were  organized.  To-dav,  Massachusetts  is  the  least  agricultural  State  of  the 
LInion,  but  nine  per  cent  of  the  population  being  farmers.  This  result  is  due  unquestionably  to  the  development  of 
manufacturing  enterprises.  The  food  sui)i)ly  of  the  State,  which  is  naturally  large  by  reason  of  the  density  of  the 
population,  comes  mostly  from  the  outside,  and  cultivation  has  been  abandoned  upon  some  unproductive  and  remote 
farming  land.  There  are  about  45,000  farms,  emploving  80,000  persons  ;  41,000  farms  are  owned  by  their  occujiants. 
The  farm  \aluation  is  S2T 6,000,000,  the  total  acreage  being  3,898,429.  The  farm  ]>roducts  aggregate  $48,000,000, 
of  whi(  h  813,000,000  represents  dairv  articles,  $11,000,000  hay,  straw,  and  fodder,  and  $5,000,000  vegetables. 

By  act  of  the  General  Court,  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 
was  empowered  to  investigate  the  subject  of  abandoned  farms, 
and  the  causes  thereof.  The  results  of  that  investigation  showed 
that  "  abandoned  farm  land  in  iNLa^sachusetts  is  principally  confined 
to  the  western  counties.  Such  land  aggregates  3.45  per  cent  of 
the  total  farm  acreage  of  the  State,  outside  the  limits  of  cities,  and 
about  0.87  per  cent  of  the  value  of  such  farm  land.  In  Nantucket 
and  Suffolk  counties  no  abandoned  farm  land  is  returned.  The  per- 
centage of  acreage  of  abandoned  farm  land  of  total  acreage  for 
the  counties  returning  abandoned  farm  land,  is  highest  in  Hamp- 
shire County,  reaching  therein  6.85  per  cent.  It  is  lowest  in  Essex 
County,  being  therein  only  0.06  per  cent.  While  some  of  the  towns 
containing  abandoned  farms  show  a  recent  decline  in  the  value  of 
agricultural  products  and  property,  this  is  not  universally  true  and 
the  decline  in  certain  localities  is  overbalanced  by  increase  in 
others  in  the  same  county,  so  that,  notwithstanding  the  existence 
of  abandoned  farms,  each  county  except  Nantucket  shows  an  increase  since  1875  in  the  value  of  agricultural 
products,  and  every  county  shows  an  increase  in  the  value  of  agricultural  property.  In  some  counties,  also,  an 
increase  in  the  acreage  of  land  under  cultivation  appears.  Except  in  Barnstable  and  Dukes  counties,  the  towns 
reporting  abandoned  farms  show  an  aggregate  increase  in  population." 


I  HE   HOME  OF  LONGFELLOW. 
iCambridge.) 


24  MASSACHUSETTS  OF  TO-DAY. 

The  abandonment  of  farms,  in  certain  localities,  is  not  necessarily  an  evidence  of  the  decline  of  agriculture, 
nor  is  it  confined  to  New  England  ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  going  on  even  in  the  West.  It  is  one  of  the  features  of 
the  civilization  in  which  we  live.  Town  life  offers  far  superior  attractions  ;  schools,  libraries,  water-works,  electric 
lights,  sanitation,  not  to  mention  those  social  advantages  which  inevitably  accompany  the  settlement  of  people  in 
communities,  are  influences  which  constantly  operate  against  the  growth  of  the  farming  population.  It  is  not 
within  the  province  of  this  article  to  question  the  wisdom  of  this  movement  city-ward.  Time  and  changed  condi- 
tions may  bring  about  a  different  result.  The  important  fact  in  the  present  connection  is,  that  enough  farms  have 
been  abandoned  in  Massachusetts  to  justify  the  State  government  in  seeking  the  cause;  the  remedy  may  be 
found  and  tried  later. 

In  this  rough  sketch  of  Massachusetts  as  it  is,  attention  has  been  given  only  to  those  of  its  features 
which  most  prominently  suggest  themselves.  It  were  possible  to  disclose  many  excellent  features  of  its  State  and 
municipal  governments,  by  way  of  showing  that  here  the  citizen  enjoys  the  liberties  of  the  Republic  in  their  high- 
est realization ;  to  describe  the  operation  of  an  admirable  system  of  railroads,  which  minimizes  the  danger  of 
travelling  and  furnishes  quick  transportation  at  low  rates  ;  to  enlarge  upon  the  influence  for  good  of  its  churches 
and  their  charities  and  notable  humanitarian  progress  ;  to  point  out  the  stability  and  far-reaching  power  of  its  finan- 
cial institutions,  and  their  association  with  the  material  development  of  the  West,  a  result  made  possible  by  the 
native  thrift  and  prosperity  of  the  people. 

Enough  has  been  written  of  the  essential  characteristics  of  Massachusetts  to  contradict  the  assertion  that 
she  has  lost  her  prestige.  She  still  enjoys  the  enviable,  world-wide  distinction  of  being  the  birthplace  of  political 
and  social  progress,  the  highest  culture,  and  the  loftiest  patriotic  spirit. 


Note.  The  list  of  the  passengers  uf  the  Maytlciwer  shown  upon  the  tablet  of  the  Pilgrim  Monument  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  as 
reproduced  in  the  frontispiece  of  this  book,  does  not  comprise  the  entire  number.  The  complete  list  as  given  by  the  best  authority  is  as 
follows :  — ■ 

Mr.  John  Carver  (7);  William  Bradford  (2);  Mr.  Edward  Winslow  (4);  Mr.  William  Brewster  (6);  Mr.  Isaac  AUerton  (6); 
Capt.  Miles  Standish  (2);  John  Alden  (i);  Mr.  Samuel  Fuller  (2);  Mr.  Christopher  Martin  (4);  Mr.  William  MuUins  (5);  Mr. 
William  White  (5);  Mr.  Richard  Warren  (i);  JohnHowland  (i);  Mr.  Stephen  Hopkins  (6)  ;  Edward  Tilly  (4) ;  John  Tilly  (3) ;  Francis 
Cooke  (2);  Thomas  Rogers  (2);  Thomas  Tinker  (3);  John  Ridgdale  (2);  Edward  Fuller  (3');  John  Turner  (3);  Francis  Eaton  (3); 
James  Chilton  C3);  John  Crackston  (2);  John  Billington  (4);  Moses  Fletcher  (l) ;  John  Goodman  (i);  Degory  Priest  (i);  Thomas 
Williams  (i);  Gilbert  Winslow  (I ) ;  Edmond  Margeson(l);  Peter  Brown  (l);  Richard  Britteridge  (l);  George  Soule(i);  Richard 
Clarke  (l);    Richard  Gardiner  (i)  ;   John  Allerton  (i);  Thomas  English  (i)  ;    Edward  Doty  ( i )  ;    Edward  Leister  (i). 

John  Howland  was  a  servant  in  Carver's  family,  George  Soule  in  the  family  of  Edward  Winslow,  Edward  Doty  and  Edward 
Leister  in  that  of  Stephen  Hopkins.  William  Butten  died  on  the  passage.  To  the  number  given  above  are  to  be  added  the  names  of 
William  Trevore  and  one  Elv,  seamen,  who  were  hired  for  a  year  and  returneil  to  Kiigland. 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


25 


G()\'ERNOR  WILLIAM  F:USTIS  RUSSELL,  the 
"  Little  Giant"  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  young- 
est man  who  has  ever  been  raised  to  the  chief  magis- 
tracy of  the  State,  is  to-day  the  most  conspicuous  and 
remarkable  political  figure  in  New  England,  and  one 
of  the  foremost  personalities  in  the  country.  The  in- 
domitable pluck,  persistency,  and  personal  magnetism 
that  have  three  times  won  the  governorship  against 
odds  that  were  considered  to  be  overwhelming,  sin- 
gle him  out  as  one 
of  the  most  striking 

and  interesting  char- 

acters  that  the  cen- 
tury has  produced, 
winning  the  respect 
and  admiration  of 
the  people  of  the 
State,  irrespective  of 
party.  No  more  em- 
phatic example  of  his 
great  popularity  with 
the  people  could  be 
given  than  that  shown 
by  the  result  of  the 
last  election,  when  he 
was  returned  for  the 
third  time  to  the  gu- 
bernatorial oiifice  over 
his  Republican  oppo- 
nent in  a  presidential 
year,  and  when  the 
State  decided  in  fa- 
vor of  the  Republi- 
can electors  by  a  vast 
majority.  Governor 
Russell  was  born  in 
Cambridge,  Mass., 
Jan.  6,  1857  ;  laid 
the  foundation  of  his 
education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  that  city,  and  from  them  entering  Harvard 
College,  graduating  therefrom  in  1877.  He  studied 
law  in  the  law  school  of  Boston  University,  received 
the  first  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws,  suiiima  cum  laiidc, 
from  that  university  in  1879,  entered  the  law  office  of 
his  father,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1880. 
When  but  twenty-four  years  of  age  he  was  elected  to 
the  Common  Council  of  his  native  city ;  was  elected  to 
the  Board   of  Aldermen  the  following  year,  and  in  1883 


WILLIAM    EUSTIS    RUSSELL. 


was  returned  to  the  Aldermanic  Board  for  a  second  term. 
He  was  elected  mayor  of  Cambridge  in  1884,  and  was 
re-elected  the  three  succeeding  years,  twice  without 
opposition.  The  fame  of  his  distinguished  services,  as 
the  executive  head  of  his  native  city,  was  not  confined 
within  local  bounds,  and  marked  him  out  for  still  higher 
honor.  In  1888  he  was  nominated  as  his  party's  candi- 
date for  governor,  and  made  an  excellent  personal  can- 
vass of  the  State.     Although  failing  of  election,  he  led 

the  ticket.     In  1889 
he  again  led  a  bril- 

liant  but  unsuccessful 

campaign  for  the  gov- 
ernorship, and  so  in- 
creased his  vote  of 
the  preceding  year  as 
to  promise  success 
when  next  he  should 
claim  the  suffrages  of 
the  people.  That 
promise  was  re- 
deemed in  1890, 
when  he  was  trium- 
phantly elected  gov- 
ernor of  Massachu- 
setts. In  the  fall  of 
1891  he  was  elected 
for  a  second  term, 
and  at  the  last  elec- 
tion the  people  chose 
him  for  the  third 
time  as  the  governor 
of  their  choice.  His 
administration  has 
-been  distinguished  as 
one  conducted  on 
sound  business  prin- 
ciples, while  he  has 
shown  rare  judgment 
in  grasping  the  poj)- 
ular  demands  in  the  way  of  legislation  and  in  the  exercise 
of  his  prerogative  as  guardian  of  the  interests  and  honor 
of  the  State.  As  an  orator,  he  is  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
that  has  ever  been  elected  to  the  governorship,  while  as  a 
debater  upon  the  stump  he  has  well  won  the  soubriquet  of 
the  "  Little  Giant."  In  1885,  he  was  married  to  Margaret 
Manning,  daughter  of  Joshua  A.  and  Sarah  (Hodges) 
Swan,  and  is  as  fortunate  in  his  domestic  environment  as 
in  the  success  that  has  distinguished  his  political  career. 


26 


.VASSAC//US£TTS    OF   TO-PAY. 


/■yjtr^ 


WILLIAM  HENRY  HAILR,  the  Republican  can- 
didate for  governor  of  Massachusetts  in   1892, 
is  a  lawyer,  a  prominent  business  man,  and  a  leader  in 
public  life.     Mr.  Haile's  father  was  the  first  Republican 
governor  of  New  Hampshire.     William    H.  Haile   was 
born  at  Chesterfield,  N.  H.,  Sept.  23,  1833,  the  son  of 
William  and  Sabrana   (^Valker)   Haile.     When   he  was 
very  young  his  father  removed  to  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  and 
in  that   town  his   boyhood   days   were  passed  and   his 
earlier  education  ob- 
tained.   After  gradu- 
ating from  the  Hins- 
dale   public    schools 
he  prepared  for  col- 
lege   at    Kimball 
LT  n  i  o  n  Academy, 
Meriden,  N.  H.     Af- 
ter a  year  and  a  half  '    ■*'^' 
at  Amherst  Mr.  Haile 
entered      Dartmouth 
College,  from  which 
he    was    gradu  a  t  e  d 
with    high    honor    in 
1856.    Then  he  went 
to  Springfield,  where 
he    studied    law   and 
was  admitted   to  the 
l)ar.     For    a    short 
time     he     practised 
law  in   Boston,  after 
which  he  returned  to 
Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  to 
engage  in  the  manu- 
facture    of    woollen 
goods.     He   became 
a     partner     of     his 
father     and      Hon. 
Rufus     S.     Frost,    of 
Chelsea,    under    the 
firm  name  of  Haile, 

Frost  &  Co.  The  business  was  afterward  transferred 
to  a  corporation  called  the  Haile  &  Frost  Manufacturing 
C^ompanv,  of  which  \\'illiain  II.  Haile  is  now  president. 
Mr.  Haile  was  married  to  .Amelia  L.,  daughter  of  Kthan 
S.  and  Louisa  (Burns)  Chapin,  of  S]jringfield,  in  Jan- 
uarv,  1861.  Mr.  Haile  resided  in  New  Hampshire 
until  1872,  when  he  returned  to  Springfield.  During 
his  residence  in  Hinsdale  he  was  a  memlier  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Legislature  three  terms,  having  been  elected 


^ 


i 


a  member  of  the  lower  House  by  the  people  of  Hinsdale 
in  1865,  1866,  and  1871.  Nine  years  after  his  return 
to  Massachusetts  (in  1881),  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Springfield.  In  1882  and  1883,  Mr.  Haile  represented 
the  First  Hampden  Senatorial  District  in  the  Legislature, 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Military  .Affairs 
and  of  the  Committee  on  Mercantile  .\ffairs,  and  being 
also  a  member  of  the  committees  on  banks  and  bank- 
ing and  on  manufactures.     Mr.  Haile  was  nominated  for 

lieutenant-gove  r  n  o  r 
in    1889    on    the 
ticket  with   John  Q. 
h.    Brackett.      The 
ticket    was    elected, 
but  Mr.  Brackett  was 
defeated  by  William 
E.  Russell.     In  1890 
Mr.    Haile    was    re- 
elected and  was 
again     re-nominated 
in  1 89 1,  on  the  ticket 
with    Charles    H. 
Allen,     of     Lowell, 
Mr.  Allen  being  de- 
feated and  Mr.  Haile 
again  re-elected.    In 
1892,  Mr.  Haile  was 
considered     the 
strongest     man    the 
Reiiublican     party 
could    n  o  in  i  n  at  e 
against    Cover  nor 
Russell,    and   it   was 
e.xpected   by    his 
])olitical    adhere  n  t  s 
that     his     popularity 
would     carry    him 
through.     Covernor 
Russell,     however, 
was     re-elected.     In 
Springfield,  ballots  were  found  on  which,  through  inad- 
vertence, an  attempt  had  been  made  to  vote  for  Haile 
and  A\'ol(ott  Hamlin,  instead  of   for  Haile  and  Roger 
Wolcott,  the  voters  having  apparently  been  misled  by 
the  first  name  of  the  Prohibition  candidate  for  governor. 
These  ballots  were  thrown  out,  and  it  was  at  first  thought 
by  some  of  Mr.  Haile's  friends  that  mistakes  enough  of 
that  kind  had  been  made  throughout  the  State  to  cover 
Covernor  Russell's  riluralitv. 


WILLIAM    HENRY    HAILE 


Oeoroe  f.  Morse 


IlLISHA  yHORGAN 


MEMBERS    OF    THE    GOVERNOR'S    COUNCIL,     1892. 


THE     GOVERNOR'S    COUNCIL,     1892. 


THE  governor's  council  is  an  institution  peculiar  to 
the  New  England  States.  Four  only  of  them 
have  it,  and  in  no  other  State  in  the  Union  does  it 
obtain.  The  governor's  council  of  Massachusetts  is 
composed  of  eight  members,  chosen  in  districts  annually 
by  the  people,  and  jiresided  over  by  the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor of  the  Commonwealth.  The  law  provides  that 
they  shall  rank  next  after  the  lieutenant-governor.  In 
case  of  the  offices  of  governor  and  lieutenant-governor 
becoming  vacant,  the  council  has  full  authority  to  do 
and  execute  all  acts  and  matters  within  the  power  of 
those  ofificials.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  council  to  advise  the 
governor  in  the  executive  functions  of  the  government, 
and  all  aiipointments  of  the  governor  must  be  submitted 
to  the  council  for  approval  and  confirmation.  The 
council  of  Massachusetts  has  ever  been  distinguished  for 
the  able  and  honorable  men  that  have  composed  it,  and 
the  council  of  1892  compares  well  with  the  best  of 
its  predecessors. 

Isaac  Newton  Keith  is  councillor  from  the  first  dis- 
trict. This  is  his  fourth  year  in  this  body.  He  is  ])ro- 
])rietor  of  the  Keith  Manufacturing  Company,  manufac- 
turers of  railway  cars.  He  started  in  business  in  1867, 
the  present  company  having  been  incorporated  in  1889. 
Mr.  Keith  was  born  in  West  Sandwich,  Barnstable 
County,  Nov.  14,  1838,  and  his  education  was  obtained 
in  the  public  schools  of  that  town.  Subsequently  he 
learned  telegraphy,  and,  after  two  years'  service  as  an 
operator,  he  became  superintendent  of  the  Amer- 
ican Telegraph  Company,  having  charge  of  the  Cape 
Cod  and  Ca])e  Ann  divisions,  with  headquarters  in 
Boston.  For  seven  years  he  held  this  position.  Mr. 
Keith  has  always  been  a  Republican.  In  1875  and 
1876  he  was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  Legis- 
lature, and  in  1887  and  1888  he  was  senator  from  the 
Cape  district.  Mr.  Keith  was  marrried  Sept.  7,  1865,  to 
Miss  Eliza  Frances  Smith,  of  Provincetown.  They  have 
two  children. 

Edwin  Vinald  Mitchell,  of  the  second  district,  is 
serving  his  first  term  in  the  council.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  [Searle,  Dailey  &  Co.,  straw  goods  manu- 


facturers, of  New  York,  the  factory,  which  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  important  in  the  country,  being  located 
at  Medfield.  Mr.  Mitchell  is  resident  and  managing 
partner.  He  was  born  in  Sangerfield,  Me.,  Oct.  2,  1850. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  went  to  work  for  his  brother 
in  the  straw  business,  and  two  years  later  was  admitted 
to  partnership.  After  a  period  of  twelve  years  as  super- 
intendent for  D.  D.  Curtis  &  Co.,  of  Medfield,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  firm,  and  upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Curtis, 
in  1885,  the  jjresent  firm  of  Searle,  Dailey  &  Co.  was 
formed.  Mr.  Mitchell  served  on  the  staff  of  Gov. 
Brackett  in  1890.  In  1885  he  married  Miss  Blanche 
E.,  daughter  of  Mr.  D.  D.  Curtis. 

Ephraim  Stearns,  councillor  from  the  third  district, 
was  born  in  Waltham,  March  8,  1839,  and  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools.  After  graduating  from  the  Waltham 
High  School,  he  entered  upon  a  mercentile  life  in  Bos- 
ton. He  entered  an  importing  house,  remaining 
with  the  same  firm  nearly  ten  years,  and  becoming 
thoroughly  versed  in  all  the  details  of  the  trade. 
He  then  established  himself  in  business  in  the  firm  of 
Blake  &  Stearns,  commission  merchants  and  jobbers  in 
woollens,  which  house  still  continues  as  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial firms  of  Boston.  In  1862  Mr.  Stearns  enlisted 
in  the  Forty-fifth  Massachusetts  Volunteers.  He  was 
sergeant,  and  served  honorably  through  the  term  of  his 
enlistment  with  his  regiment  in  North  Carolina.  He 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  public  affairs  in  Waltham, 
where  he  resides,  and  has  been  an  ardent  advocate  of 
Republican  principles,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  Re- 
publican Town  Committee  for  several  years.  In  1884 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
appointed  to  draw  the  charter  for  the  city  of  Waltham, 
and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  Aldermen. 
He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Robinson  as  a  member 
of  his  staff  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  by  Department 
Commander  Walker,  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Reinib- 
lic,  as  assistant  quartermaster-general.  He  also  served 
for  three  years  as  president  of  the  New  England  Com- 
mercial Travellers'  Association.     In  1890  he  was  chosen 


MASSACHUSETTS    OP    TO-DAY. 


29 


councillor,  and  re-elected  in  1891.  He  is  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Waltham  Savings  Bank,  and  chairman  of 
the  Park  Commission  of  Waltham. 

James  Donovan  represents  the  greater  part  of  the 
city  of  Boston  in  the  council,  his  district  being  the 
fourth.  He  is  the  only  Democrat  in  the  body,  and  also 
the  youngest  member,  having  been  born  in  1859,  in 
Boston.  He  attended  the  public  schools  till  he  was 
eleven  years  of  age,  when  he  graduated  from  the  Rice 
grammar  school.  When  twenty-one  years  old  he  appeared 
in  public  life  as  a  candidate  for  the  Common  Council 
in  ward  sixteen.  He  was  elected,  and  returned  to  that 
body  for  two  successive  terms,  making  a  reputation  for 
loyalty  to  friends  and  constituents.  He  was  next  sent 
to  the  House  of  Representatives  from  his  ward  and 
served  five  years  there.  He  was  first  elected  to  the 
Senate  in  1S88,  served  three  years,  and  distinguished 
himself  by  his  advocacy  of  labor  legislation.  He  was 
elected  to  the  council  in  1891,  and  re-elected  in  1892. 
He  is  a  real  estate  agent. 

Moses  How,  the  councillor  from  the  fifth  district,  is 
the  senior  member,  and  is  now  serving  his  second  term 
in  the  council.  He  was  for  years  a  successful  shoe 
manufacturer,  but  is  now  retired  from  active  business 
life.  He  was  born  in  Methuen,  Mass.,  June  19,  1819, 
educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  when  a  young  boy 
removed  to  Haverhill,  where  he  has  since  resided  and 
been  identified  with  all  that  city's  interests.  His  first 
situation  was  in  the  office  of  a  coal  dealer,  and  to  him 
belongs  the  honor  of  bringing  to  Haverhill  the  first 
cargo  of  coal  ever  brought  from  Philadelphia.  He  be- 
came engaged  in  the  shoe  business  and  then  in  the 
manufacture  of  shoe  machinery,  and  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  the  latter  business.  For  sixteen  years  he 
was  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Haverhill. 
Upon  the  incorporation  of  Haverhill  as  a  city  in  1870, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  Common  Council.  In  1882 
and  1883  he  was  mayor  of  the  city. 

-Alonzo  H.  Evans  is  councillor  from  the  sixth  district. 
He  is  president  of  the  Boston  Five  Cents  Savings  Bank, 
one  of  the  largest  and  soundest  institutions  in  the  city, 
having  open  accounts  with  128,000  persons  and 
deposits  of  nearly  $20,000,000.  Mr.  Evans  was  born  in 
Allenstown,  N.  H.,  in  1820.  When  fifteen  years  old  he 
secured  work  in  a  Lowell  mill,  as  a  bobbin  boy.  A  year 
later   he    moved    to    Boston.     In    1854  he  was  one  of 


the  incorporators  of  the  bank  of  which  he  is  now  presi- 
dent, and  was  its  first  treasurer.  Mr.  Evans  lives  in 
Everett.  He  was  the  prime  mover  in  having  the  town 
set  off  from  Maiden  in  187 1,  and  in  1892  was  active  in 
having  the  town  incorporated  as  a  city.  He  was  elected 
in  1892  by  the  citizens  as  the  first  mayor  of  the  new 
city.  He  represented  the  town  two  years  in  the  Legis- 
lature, and  in  1889  and  1890  was  senator.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  councillor  by  the  Massachusetts  Legisla- 
ture. 

George  F.  Morse  represents  the  seventh  district. 
This  is  his  first  year  in  the  council.  He  was  born  in 
Leominster,  Mass.,  Oct.  16,  1835,  and  in  that  town 
obtained  his  education,  graduating  from  the  high  school 
in  1851.  In  1857  he  became  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Morse  Comb  Company.  In  187 1  the  firm  of  G.  F. 
Morse  &  Co.  was  formed  for  the  manufacture  of  combs, 
and  this  business  has  continued  till  the  present  time. 
Mr.  Morse  served  two  years  in  the  Civil  War.  In  1863 
he  was  proprietor  of  the  City  Hotel  in  Baltimore,  and  in 
1876  he  was  proprietor  and  manager  of  the  Creighton 
House,  in  Boston.  He  has  been  president  of  the  South 
Spring  Hill  Gold  Mining  Company,  of  California,  presi- 
dent of  the  Hecla  Powder  Company,  of  New  York,  and 
a  director  of  the  Leominster  Gas  Company  and  the 
Wachusett  National  Bank,  of  Fitchburg.  He  was  mar- 
ried in  1859  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Tufts,  of  Fitchburg. 

Elisha  Morgan,  of  Springfield,  is  councillor  from  the 
eighth  district.  This  is  his  first  public  office,  and  he  has 
been  re-elected  for  a  second  term.  He  was  born  in 
Northfield,  Mass.,  in  1833.  As  a  boy  he  worked  in  the 
country  store  of  his  father,  and  then,  before  he  reached 
his  majority,  he  secured  employment  as  accountant  with 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad  Company.  Subsequently 
he  was  promoted  to  the  positions  of  paymaster,  freight 
agent,  and  ticket  agent,  with  headquarters  in  Springfield, 
holding  all  three  positions  at  one  time.  In  1865  he 
began  the  manufacture  of  envelopes  and  mucilage, 
employing  about  twenty  hands.  Now  more  than  two 
hundred  are  employed,  and  the  business  has  grown  to 
one  of  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  In  1872  the 
company  was  incorporated  as  the  Morgan  Envelope 
Company.  Their  annual  output  is  nearly  a  hundred 
million  envelojjes.  Mr.  Morgan  also  has  a  half  interest 
in  the  envelope  factory  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  which 
supplies  the  Lhiited  .States  government  with  envelopes. 


iO 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO~DAY. 


A'rT()KNEY-GRNERAI,AT.RERT  E.  PILLSBURY, 
the  official  leader  of  the  legal  practitioners  of  the 
State  at  the  present  time,  is  a  man  of  whom  it  may  be 
said  with  truth  that  he  has  won  his  way  by  force  of 
his  own  merits.  Mr.  Pillsbury  is  the  son  of  Josiah  W. 
and  Elizabeth  D.  Pillsbury,  and  was  born  at  Milford,  N. 
H.,  Aug.  19,  1849.  His  father  was  a  graduate  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  of  the  class  of  1840,  and  intended  to 
follow  a  profession,  but  the  state  of  his  health  required 
the  out-of-door  life 
of  a  farmer,  and  his 
son's  early  years  were 
spent  upon  the  farm. 
Mr.  Pillsbury  began 
his  education  in  the 
Milford  schools,  and 
prepared  for  college 
at  Appleton  Acad- 
emy, at  New  Ipswich, 
N.  H.,  and  Lawrence 
Academy,  at  Groton, 
Mass.,  entering  Har- 
vard in  the  class  of 
1871.  He  did  not 
finish  his  course  at 
Harvard  ( from  which 
institution,  however, 
he  received  the  hon- 
orary degree  of  A. 
M.  in  1890),  but  went 
to  Sterling,  111.,  where 
he  taught  school  for 
a  year  and  studied 
law  with  his  uncle, 
Hon.  James  Dins- 
moor.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in 
Illinois,  but  returned 
to  New  England,  was 
admitted  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  opened  an  office  in  Boston,  where  he  has 
ever  since  been  in  practice.  He  entered  public  life  as 
a  member  of  the  lower  House  of  the  Legislature  from 
Ward  17,  and  served  three  years,  from  1876  to  1878 
inclusive.  He  was  elected  to  the  Senate  from  the  Sixth 
Suffolk  District  for  the  years  1884,  1885,  and  1886. 
As  a  member  of  the  House  in  1876,  he  was  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Elections  and  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Federal  Relations,  and  in  1877  and  1878 


ALBERT    E.    PILLSBURY 


was  a  member  of  the  judiciary  and  other  committees. 
W'hile  in  the  Senate  in  1884  he  was  chairman  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  Railroad,  a 
member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary,  and  chair- 
man of  various  s])ecial  committees.  In  1885  and  1886 
he  was  unanimously  chosen  president  of  the  Senate.  In 
1887  he  was  offered  the  appointment  of  judge-advocate 
general,  and  a  year  later,  a  seat  upon  the  bench  of  the 
Superior  Court,  both  of  which  were  declined,  as  well  as 

the  position  of  cor- 
porati on  counsel 
of  the  city  of  Bos- 
ton, offered  him  in 
1889.     In  the  fall  o 

1890  he  was  nomi 
nated  for  attorney 
general  by  the  Re- 
publican State  Con- 
vent i  o  n,  and  was 
elected  at  the  ensu- 
ing election,  and  in 

1 89 1  and  1892  he 
was  re-elected.  His 
administration  of  this 
office  is  described  by 
a  leading  journal  as 
"  one  of  the  most 
successful,  not  to  say 
brilliant,  in  the  his- 
tory of  the  State," 
and  some  of  his  offi- 
cial work  has  at- 
tracted wide  atten- 
tion, especially  his 
argument  to  the  jury 
in  the  trial  of  the 
Tena  Davis  murder 
case  at  Cambridge. 
He  was  prominently 
mentioned  in  con- 
nection with  the  Republican  nomination  for  governor 
in  1892,  but  declined  to  be  a  candidate.  In  1888  Mr. 
Pillsbury  was  chosen  president  of  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  the  Pillsbury  family  at  its  first  gathering  at  New- 
bury]Jort,  where  the  family  in  this  country  originated, 
and  where  the  house  built  by  "  Daniel  Pilsbery,"  in  1699, 
still  stands.  Mr.  Pilsbury  was  married  in  Newbury,  Vt., 
July  9,  1889,  to  Louise  F.  (Johnson)  Wheeler,  daughter 
of  Edward  C.  and  Delia  M.  (Smith)  Johnson. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OT    TO-DAY. 


31 


WILLIAM  MILO  OLIN,  sixteenth  secretary  of 
the  Commonwealth  since  1780,  was  born  at 
Warrenton,  Ga.,  of  New  EngLmd  parents,  Sept.  18, 
1845  ;  but  in  1850  his  family  removed  to  Massachusetts, 
and  the  future  Secretary  of  State  obtained  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  the  Bay  State.  He  early  en- 
tered the  office  of  the  Worcester  Transcript,  starting  at 
the  bottom  of  the  ladder  as  the  "  devil  "  in  that  office, 
and  working  his  way  to  the  case.  'Lhus  he  continued 
until  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Rebellion, 
when  his  young  blood 
became  fired  with  the 
patriotic  enthusiasm 
of  the  times,  culmi- 
nating in  his  enlist- 
ment in  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Regiment  of 
Massachusetts  \o\- 
unteers,  being  at  the 
time  one  of  the 
youngest  soldiers  to 
offer  his  services.  He 
followed  the  fortunes 
of  his  regiment 
throughout  its  term 
of  service,  sharing 
the  various  c  a  m- 
paigns  in  which  they 
p  a  r  t  i  c  ipated.  Re- 
turning to  civil  life, 
he  devoted  some  time 
to  study  and  to  his 
further  mental  equip- 
ment, and  then  joined 
the  reportorial  staff 
of  the  Boston  Adver- 
tiser, remaining  with 
that  palter  for  four- 
teen years,  and  ad- 
vancing, during  that  period,  from  reporter  to  editor, 
and  then  to  the  position  of  Washington  correspondent. 
In  1879  he  was  appointed  private  secretary  and  military 
secretary  to  his  Excellency,  Governor  Talbot,  and  was 
re-appointed  to  those  offices  by  Governor  Long  in  1880, 
1881,  and  1882.  In  May,  1882,  he  became  private 
secretary  to  Collector  Worthington,  when  that  gentle- 
man was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Boston  Custom 
House.      On     Collector    Worthington's    retirement,    in 


WILLIAM    MILO   OLIN 


December,  1885,  Mr.  ()\\\\  was  appointed  private  secre- 
tary to  Senator  Dawes,  leaving  the  latter  to  become  pri- 
vate secretary  to  Collector  Beard  in  March,  1890.  It  was 
while  filling  the  last-named  position  that  he  was  elected 
Secretary  of  State,  in  the  fall  of  1890,  to  which  office  he 
was  handsomely  returned  for  a  third  term  at  the  last 
State  election.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
the  military  affairs  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  for  seven 
years  filled  the  office  of  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the 

First  Brigade,  Mass- 
achusetts   Volunteer 
Militia,   under   Gen- 
eral Nat.  Wales,  and 
rendered    good    ser- 
vice in  bringing  the 
citizen  soldiery  of  the 
State  to  the  high  mil- 
itary standing  it  en- 
joys at  present.     He 
is  also  a  devoted  and 
enthusiastic  member 
of  the  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic,  has 
been  commander  of 
his  post,  and  was  ad- 
jutant-general of  the 
National   Encamp- 
ment under  the  ad- 
ministration of  Com- 
mander-in-C  h  ie  f 
Merrill.     He  is  now 
the  Massac  h  u  s  e  1 1  s 
member  of   the  Na- 
tional Council  of  Ad- 
ministration.     So- 
cially, Secretary  Olin 
Is  a  man  of  pleasing 
and    genial   address, 
and  of  warm,  gener- 
ous sympathies  ;  and 
when  he  was  first  named  for  the  secretaryship  it  was  to 
these  qualities,  as  well  as  to  his  military  service  and  his 
high  qualifications  for  the   position,  that  his  selection 
was  due.     His  conduct  of  the  office  has  been  on  that 
broad  and  comprehensive  conception  of  its  important 
duties  which  has  distinguished  his  two  immediate  pred- 
ecessors, both  of  whom  enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the 
voters  of  the  State  to  an  extent  that  insured  them  long 
terms  of  office. 


32 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


GEORGE   AUGUSTUS   MARDEN,    treasurer   and 
receiver-general  of  Massachusetts,  has  been  five 
times  elected  to  the  position  which  he  now  holds.     Mr. 
Marden    is  one   of  the    best-known   public   officials   in 
Massachusetts,  for  he  has  been  connected  with  thirteen 
Legislatures  as  clerk,  speaker,  or  member,  besides  being 
an  orator  whose  services  are  always  in  demand,  and  one 
who  has  been  heard  in  all  portions  of  the  State,  while 
he  is  also  well   known  as  a  writer.     Mr.  Marden   was 
born  at  Mount  Ver- 
non, N.  H.,  Aug.  9, 
1839,  fitted   for  col- 
lege  at    Appleton 
Academy,    in    that 
town,  and  graduated 
at    Dar t m o u t h,    in 
1 86 1,  having  earned 
the     means    by    his 
own  labor  to  pay  his 
way  through  college. 
Early  in  the  outbreak 
of  the  Civil  War  he 
enlisted  in  the   Sec- 
ond   Regiment   Ber- 
dan's   United   States 
Sharpshooters,    soon 
being  transferred  to 
and  receiving  a  com- 
mission in  the  First 
Regiment     Berdan's 
Sharpshooters,    a  n  d 
serving    as    quarter- 
master, and    also  as 
acting  assistant  adju- 
tant-general   of    the 
Third  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Third  Army 
Corps.     His  term  of 
service   was    from 
December,    1861,  to 

September,  1864,  when  he  was  mustered  out  because 
of  expiration  of  term  of  his  regiment.  On  the  comple- 
tion of  his  services,  he  returned  to  Concord,  N.  H.,  and 
entered  upon  the  study  of  law,  engaging  also  in  journal- 
istic work.  The  latter  proved  the  most  congenial  field, 
and  in  it  he  has  since  taken  a  constant  part.  His  news- 
l>aper  duties  have  been  performed  at  Concord,  N.  H., 
on  the  Monitor  of  that  city ;  at  Boston,  on  the  Daily 
Advertiser;   at    Charleston,  West  Va. ;    and    in    Lowell, 


GtOKGt  AUGUSTUS  MARDEN 


Mass.,  with  the  Lowell  Courier,  of  which  latter  he  is 
now  editor  and  part  proprietor.  Nor  has  his  pen 
been  confined  to  journalism  alone,  for  he  has  compiled 
and  edited  a  history  of  each  New  Hampshire  military 
organization  which  took  part  in  the  Civil  War,  and  has 
written  poems  for  the  Alumni  Association  and  Phi  Beta 
Kajjpa  Society  of  Dartmouth  College,  and  poems  and 
addresses  for  many  other  organizations.  For  1873,  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  I-egislature, 

and    the    next    year 
was  chosen  clerk  of 
that    body,    a    posi- 
tion   which    he    re- 
tained for  nine  years. 
In  1883  and  1884  he 
was  again  a  member, 
and    was    elected 
speaker  of  the  House 
in    each    of    those 
years.     In    1885    he 
was  a  member  of  the 
Senate.     Mr.  Mar- 
den has  a  keen  sense 
of   humor,    and    this 
characteristic  of    his 
gives    an    additional 
interest    to   his   ora- 
torical   efforts,    and 
no  political   speaker 
is    more    sure    of    a 
large    and    apprecia- 
tive   audience    than 
he,  for  his  name  is  an 
earnest  of  something 
fresh,   bright,   and 
amusing,  while  he  is, 
at  the  same  time,  a 
most     forcible    and 
eloquent    speaker. 
He    counts   as    his 
highest   honor    in  this  line    an    invitation  to   speak  on 
Forefathers'  Day  at   the    dinner  of   the    New   England 
Society  of  New  York,  in  1890,  and  again  in   1892.     As 
a  journalist  he  takes  high  rank,  while  his  jiopularity  as 
a  public  officer  is    not  confined   to  any  party,    but    is 
emphasized  by  the  cordial  respect  that  is  felt  for  him 
throughout  the  State,  irrespective  of  party.     Mr.  Mar- 
den was  married  Dec.   10,   1867,  to  Mary  P.  Fiske,  of 
Nashua,  N.  H.     They  have  two  sons. 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


33 


GENERAL  JOHN  W.  KIMBAl.L,  State  auditor  of 
Massachusetts,  has  been  in  the   public  service, 
military  and  civil,  since  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age. 
He   is  a  native   of    Fitchburg  and  was  born   Feb.  27, 
1828.     His  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools 
of  the  town,  and  on  leaving  school  he  learned  the  trade 
of  scythe-making  in  his  father's  shop.     He  followed  this 
vocation  until  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he  took 
the  Fitchburg  Fusileers  into  the  United  States  service, 
he    being  captain  of 
the  company  at  that 
time.      From     May, 
1858,     to      January, 
i860,   he    was    adju- 
tant   of    the    Ninth 
Regiment, Massachu- 
setts Volunteers,  and 
was  then,  for  the  sec- 
ond time, elected  cap- 
tain of  the  Fusileers. 
As  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Fifteenth  Regi- 
ment he  commanded 
that     body     in     the 
Army    of    the    Poto- 
mac in  all  the  battles 
of    the    Peninsular 
campaign.     Sec  o  n  d 
Bull    Run,    South 
Mountain,  Antietam, 
and  down   to   Fred- 
ericksburg, when  he 
was  ordered  to  Mas- 
sachusetts   to    take 
the  colonelcy  of  the 
Fifty-Third    Regi- 
ment.     He    CO  m- 
nianded    that     regi- 
ment in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Gulf,  in 

T863,  and  was  in  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson.  In  the 
assault  of  June  14,  he  was  dangerously  woumled  in 
the  thigh.  General  Kimball  served  nearly  three  years 
in  the  army  and  was  made  brevet  brigadier-general  of 
the  United  States  Volunteers,  "  for  gallant  and  distin- 
guished services  in  the  field  during  the  war."  .After 
his  return  from  the  front  he  re-organized  the  Fitch- 
burg Fusileers,  in  1866,  and  again  took  command  as 
captain.     He  continued  in  the  State  Militia  almost  con- 


tinuously until  1878,  and  was  colonel  of  the  Tenth 
Regiment  from  1876  to  1878.  General  Kimball  has 
served  the  public  in  a  number  of  important  offices 
and  has  always  had  a  reputation  for  the  most  faithful 
and  efficient  service.  One  of  the  most  responsible 
positions  he  ever  held  was  that  of  custodian  of  rolls, 
dies  and  plates,  etc.,  used  in  the  printing  of  bonds, 
treasury  notes,  national  currency,  and  all  the  securi- 
ties  of   the   government,  in    the    bureau   of   engraving 

and  printing  at  \\'ash- 
ington.  He  had  the 
honor  of  being  rec- 
ommended for  this 
position,  unknown 
to  himself,  by  Gen- 
eral Charles  Devens, 
colonel  of  his  first 
regiment,  whose  im- 
plicit confidence  in 
General  Kimball  was 
such  that  he  said  in 
his  recommendation, 
that  he  "  not  only 
recommended  his 
appoint  m  e  n  t,  b  u  t 
would  become  ])er- 
sonally  responsib  1  e 
for  his  honesty  and 
integrity."  General 
Kimball's  public 
career  embraces  a 
period  of  nearly 
forty  years,  during 
which  time  he  has 
represented  his  na- 
tive town  and  city 
seven  years  in  the 
Legislature,  and  Jan. 


JOHN    W.    KIMBALL. 


I,  1893,  entered 
upon  his  second 
term  as  auditor  of  the  Commonwealth,  a  position  in 
which  he  has  given  entire  satisfaction  to  all,  irrespec- 
tive of  political  affiliations.  While  in  the  Legislature 
he  served  upon  the  military,  finance,  and  railroad  com- 
mittees, being  chairman  of  the  Military  Committee  in 
1872,  and  chairman  of  the  Railroad  Committee  in 
1890-91,  two  of  the  three  years  that  he  served  on 
that  important  committee.  He  was  commander  of  the 
Department  of  Massachusetts,  G.  \.  R.,  during  1874. 


34 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN   the  year  i8iS  four  governors  of  Massachusetts  were 
born,  two  of  whom  —  deorge  Sewell   Bout  well  and 
Benjamin    Franklin    Butler  —  belong    as    much    to    the 
nation  as  to  the  Commonwealth.     Few  citizens  of   Mas 
sachusetts,    in    the    whole    course    of  her   historv,    have 
occupied  more  responsible  and  influential  positions  in 
]Hiblic   life   than   Mr.  Boutwell  ;   and   certainly  there  are 
none  now  living  of  her  honored  sons  who  have  brought 
to  the  fulfilment  of  their  official  duties  greater  energy 
of     spirit,    ]5urity    of 
character,  or  loyalty 
to  imposed  trust  than 
has  this  widely  known 
and    universally    re- 
spected    representa- 
tive of  the  old   Bay 
State.      He     was     a 
farmer's  son,  and  was 
born    in     Brookline, 
being    a    lineal    de- 
scendant    of    James 
Boutwell,  who  immi- 
grate d    from    the 
neighborhood  of 
London,  ?^  n  g  1  a  n  d, 
and  became  a  "  free- 
man "  in  Lynn,  Mass., 
in   1638.     The  early 
years  of  Ex-Governor 
Boutwell's    life    were 
passed  upon  his  fath- 
er's farm  in  Lunen- 
burg, Mass.,  and    at 
the   age    of   thirteen 
he  was  employed  in 
a    country    store    at 
Lunenburg.      At 
eighteen    he     began 
the  study  of  law,  but 
was  not  admitted  to 

the  bar  until  he  was  thirty-four  years  of  age.  At  nine- 
teen he  delivered  his  first  public  lecture  before  the 
Groton  Lyceum.  In  1840  he  supported  Van  Buren, 
and  the  following  year  was  elected  to  the  Legislature. 
From  1842  to  1850,  mclusive,  he  served  seven  years 
in  that  body.  P"rom  that  time  on  official  positions  were 
crowded  upon  his  acceptance.  Governor  in  1851  and 
1852  ;  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  for  five 
years   from    1853;    overseer  of  Harvard    College    from 


GEORGE   S.    BOUTWELL. 


1 85 1  to  i860;  a  member  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  in  1857  ;  member  of  the  Peace  Con- 
gress in  1 86 1  ;  member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society, 
1 86 1  ;  delegate  to  the  Chicago  conventions  of  i860 
and  1880;  organizer  of  the  I)e])artment  of  Internal 
Revenue,  and  serving  as  commissioner  until  1863 ; 
member  of  the  Thirty-eighth,  Thirty-ninth,  Fortieth, 
and  Forty-first  Congresses ;  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
under  President   Grant,  and  originator  of  the  plan  of 

ref u  n  d  i  n  g  the  n  a- 
tional     debt,     which 
has     been     followed 
by     his    successors ; 
elected  to  the  L^nited 
States  Senate  in 
1873;  commissioner 
to  revise  the  Statutes 
of  the  United  States 
in  1877  ;   attorney  to 
defend    the    Federal 
Government     before 
the  Intern  a  t  i  onal 
Commission   created 
to  dispose  of  claims 
of     French    citizens 
against    the    United 
States  and  of  United 
States  citizens  against 
France,    in    1880  — 
that   is   work  enough 
for  a  score  of  ordinary 
lives,  but  it  does  not 
rep  r  e  sent  the  whole 
o  f  E  x-G  o  v  e  r  n  o  r 
Boutwell's     industry. 
Among  his  many  pub- 
lications are   a  trea- 
tise   on  the   internal 
revenue    and    excise 
system  of  the  I'nited 
States,  which  is  still  an  authority  in  the  department ;   a 
volume  entitled  "The  Lawyer,  Statesman,  and  Soldier  "  ; 
a  volume  on  educational  topics  and  institutions  :  a  volume 
of  speeches  and  essays  on  the  Reliellion,  and  a  volume 
entitled  "  Why  I  am  a  Republican."    Ex-Governor  Bout- 
well is  still  engaged  in  the  practice  ol  law  in  Boston. 
His  home  is  in  Groton.     He  was  married  in   1841   to 
Sarah    Adelia,  daughter   of    Nathan   Thayer,  of    Hollis, 
N.  H.,  and  has  two  children. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


35 


THE  oldest,  and  one  of  the  most  distinguished,  of 
the  living  ex-governors  of  the  Commonwealth  is 
Nathaniel  Prentiss  Banks,  who  was  born  in  \\'altham, 
Jan.  30,  1816,  the  son  of  Nathaniel  Prentiss  and  Re- 
becca (Greenwood)  Banks,  .\fter  receiving  the  rudi- 
ments of  a  common  school  training,  he  went  to  work, 
when  about  ten  years  of  age,  as  bobbin  boy  in  a  cotton 
factory  of  which  his  father  was  superintendent.  In  this 
factory  the  first  cotton  cloth  was  made  that  was  manu- 
factured in  the  United 
States.  He  subse- 
quently learned  the 
machinist's  trade,  de- 
voting, however,  all 
his  leisure  hours  to 
reading  and  study, 
and  early  developing 
an  aptitude  for  pub- 
lic speaking.  He  be- 
came editor  of  a  local 
paper,  and  was  con- 
cerned in  newspaper 
ventures  in  \\'altham 
and  Lortell.  Having 
studied  law  in  the 
office  of  Robert  Ran- 
toul,  Jr.,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar, 
but  he  never  prac- 
tised much  in  the 
courts.  His  first  pub- 
lic service  was  as  in 
spector  in  the  Bos- 
ton Custom  House. 
In  1849  he  was 
elected  to  the  Legis- 
1  a  t  u  r  e,  and  was 
speaker  of  the  House 
in  1851  and  1852. 
He  was  president  of 

the  State  Constitutional  Convention  in  1853,  and  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  to  Congress  as  a  coalition  Dem- 
ocrat. Being  re-elected  to  the  next  Congress  by  the 
American  party,  he  was  chosen  speaker  of  the  National 
House  of  Representatives,  after  an  unparalleled  contest, 
lasting  over  two  months,  and  resulting  in  the  casting  of 
one  hundred  and  thirty-two  ballots  before  the  deadlock 
was  broken.  He  was  governor  in  1858-60.  In  1861 
he  was  commissioned    a    major-general   of   volunteers. 


"'NATHANIEL    PRENTISS    BANKS 


and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  fifth  corps  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  His  corps  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  holding  its  position  against 
a  largely  superior  force.  In  the  same  year  Ceneral 
Banks  was  placed  in  command  of  the  defences  of  Wash- 
ington, and  subsequently  succeeded  General  Butler  in 
the  command  of  the  department  of  the  Gulf.  The  Red 
River  expedition,  undertaken  against  his  remonstrances, 
proved  a  failure,  and  military  critics  exculpate  General 

Banks  from  all  blame 
for  the   result.     Re- 
lieved   of    his    com- 
mand in  May,  1864, 
he  resigned  his  com- 
mission, returned  to 
Massachusetts,    w  a  s 
again  elected  to  Con- 
gress  from     his    old 
district,  and  was  re- 
elected   to   the    suc- 
cessive Congresses 
until   1877,  failing 
only   in    1872,   when 
he   allied    himself  to 
the  fortunes  of  Hor- 
ace Greeley.    He  was 
for  a  long  time  chair- 
man of  the  Commit- 
tee  on  Foreign  Re- 
lations.    After  his 
retirement  from  con- 
gressional service,  he 
was    appointed 
United    States    mar- 
shall,     and      served 
until  President  Cleve- 
land's ad  mi  n  is t ra- 
tion.    In     1888     he 
was     once     more 
elected  to  Congress 
from   his.  old  district.     General  Banks  was  married   in 
Waltham,  April  11,  1847,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Jeduthan 
and  Sarah   (Turner)   Palmer.     Of  this  union  there  are 
three    children   living,  —  Joseph   W.,  a   civil    engineer, 
settled  in  the  West ;   Mary  Binney,  wife  of    Rev.   Paul 
Sterling,  and   Maud  Banks,  the  well-known  actress,  who, 
inheriting  her  dramatic  tastes   from  her  father,  has  so 
successfully  devoted   herself  to  histrionic  art.     ( leneral 
Banks  continues  to  reside  at  Waltham. 


56 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


illtff- 


PR(  )S1'EK.ITV,  opulence,  and  respect,  with   honors, 
both  social  and  civic,  have  been  liberally  vouch- 
safed to  Ex-Governor  William  Claflin,  and  he  has  dis- 
pensed his  wealth  in  the  same  generous  manner.     He  is 
one  of  the  four  living  ex-governors  who  were  born  in 
the  same  year — 1818.     And  he  is  one  of  the  compara- 
tively few  business  men  who   have  been  distinguished 
governors  of  the  Commonwealth.     He  was  born  at  Mil- 
ford,  Mass.,  March  6,   181 8,  and  was   educated  at  the 
Milford    Academy 
and    at    Brown  Uni- 
versity.    In  1838  he 
went    into   the    boot 
and  shoe  business  at 
St.   Louis,  Mo.,    and 
remained  there  seven 
years.     Since    then 
he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber  of    one    of    the 
largest  boot  and  shoe 
manufacturing  estab- 
1  i s h m e n t s  in  New 
England.     Ex-Gov- 
ernor Claflin's  record 
of    ])olitical    service 
may  be   summarized 
in  a   general  way  as 
follows :     He    was    a 
member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts  House  of 
Representatives  from 
1849  to  1853  ;  of  the 
State  Senate  in  i860 
and    1 86 1,  presiding 
over   that   body   the 
second     year;     was 
lieutenant-gove  r  n  o  r 
from   1866  to   1869  ; 
governor  of  the  State 
from    1869   to    1871  ; 

member  of  the  National  Republican  Committee  from 
1864  to  1876,  and  member  of  Congress  from  1877  to 
1 88 1.  He  was  a  Free-soiler  in  the  early  fifties,  and  held 
aloof  from  the  Know-nothing  party,  which  he  was  urged 
to  join,  saying  that  his  particular  fight  was  with  slavery. 
Unsolicited  came  his  nomination  as  the  Republican 
party's  candidate  for  governor.  He  himself  was  then 
in  New  \'ork  doing  yoeman's  •  work  to  secure  the 
election  of  General  (Irant  to  the  presidency.     The  sit- 


WILLIAM    CLAFLIN 


uation  bristled  with  difiliculties,  and  upon  Mr.  Claflin, 
as  chairman  of  the  National  Republican  Committee, 
devolved  the  task  of  surmounting  them.  It  was  soon 
after  the  close  of  the  war,  and  the  dread  of  dictatorship 
was  very  widely  diffused  in  the  North.  There  was  also 
great  doubt  concerning  General  Grant's  efificiency  on 
account  of  his  inexperience  in  civil  affairs.  There 
])robably  has  not  been  since  that  time  any  national 
campaign  which  has  taxed  more  the  efforts  and  exertion 

of  the  National  Com- 
mittee, or  which  has 
been  more  laborious 

ii  or   exhaustive.     The 

1  overwhelm  i  n  g    m  a- 

jority    which    Grant 
and  Colfax  received 
was    in    no    small 
■^  degree    due    to    the 

f  labors    of   t  h  e    N  a- 

.1  tional     Committee. 

'■i 

Ex-Governor  C 1  a  f- 
lin's  administration 
of  State  affairs  was 
up  to  the  high  stand- 
ard which  his  ablest 
jiredecessors  had  set. 
In  Congress  he  was 
one  of  the  most  in- 
fluential members  of 
the  House,  his  states- 
manlike manner  of 
dealing  with  public 
(|uestions  making 
him  resijected  in 
both  parties,  for  he 
always  rose  above 
the  considerat  ions 
of  mere  partisanship. 
Ex-Governor  Claflin 
is  connected  with 
many  business  organizations.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather  Association, 
is  a  member  of  the  Boston  Wesleyan  Association,  and 
president  of  the  trustees  of  Boston  University.  Wes- 
leyan LTniversity  of  Middletown  and  Harvard  College 
have  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 
Like  his  father  he  is  philanthropic,  the  best-known  of 
their  jHiblic  benefactions  being  the  endowments  of  Bos- 
ton University  and  of  Claflin  University  at  Orangeburg. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


37 


EX-GOVERNOR  WILLIAM  GASTON  belongs  to 
both  the  past  and  the  present  generation.  He  has 
seen  not  a  little  of  public  life,  but,  with  the  exception 
of  five  years,  has  succeeded  in  conducting  his  large  and 
important  professional  practice  for  nearly  half  a  century. 
The  five  years  referred  to  were  the  two  years — 1861 
and  1862  —  while  he  was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Rox- 
bury  ;  the  two  years —  1871  and  1872  —  while  mayor  of 
Boston,  and  the  year  1S75,  when  he  was  governor  of 
the  Commonwealth. 
Other     positions    of 

trust    he    has    held,  

both  public  and  pri- 
vate, and  in  them  all 
he  has  shown  the 
qualities  of  a  thor- 
oughly conscientious 
and  able  man.  His 
long  career  has  been 
successful  from  the 
first.  He  comes  of  a 
distinguished  ances- 
try. On  the  paternal 
side  he  is  descended 
from  Jean  Gaston, 
born  in  France  about 
the  year  1590,  a  Hu- 
guenot, who  was  ban- 
ished on  account  of 
his  religion,  and  set- 
tled in  Scotland  ;  and 
on  the  maternal  siile 
from  Thomas  Arnold, 
who,  with  his  brother 
William,  came  to 
New  England  in 
1636,  and  joined 
Roger  Williams  in 
Rhode  Island  in 
1654.  William  Gas- 
ton was  born  Oct.  3,  1820,  in  Killingly,  Conn.,  where  his 
father,  who  had  been  in  the  State  Legislature,  was  a 
merchant.  With  his  parents,  William  Gaston  moved  to 
Roxbury,  Mass.,  in  1838.  Graduating  with  high  honors 
from  Brow^n  L'niversity  in  1840,  he  first  studied  law  in 
Roxbury,  in  the  office  of  Judge  Francis  Hillard,  and 
afterwards  in  Boston  with  the  distinguished  lawyers  and 
jurists,  Charles  P.  and  Benjamin  R.  Curtis,  with  whom 
he  remained  until  his  admission  to  the  bar  in  1844.     At 


Roxbury,  in  1846,  he  opened  his  first  law  office,  taking 
soon  a  leading  position  at  the  bar.  He  continued  his 
practice  there  until  1865,  when  he  formed,  with  the 
late  Harvey  Jewell  and  the  present  chief  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court,  Hon.  Walbridge  A.  Field,  the 
famous  and  successful  law  firm  of  Jewell,  Gaston  & 
Field.  This  firm  continued  until  the  election  of  Mr. 
Gaston  to  the  gubernatorial  chair  in  1874.  His  ]3oliti- 
cal  career  began  in   1853,  when  he  was  elected  to  the 

State  Legi  s  1  a  t  u  r  e . 
He     was    re-elected 
the    following    year, 
and   again   in    1856. 
While  mayor  of  Rox- 
bury, in  1861-62, 
he    was    very   active 
in  raising  troops  for 
the    preservation    of 
the  Union.    He  went 
to    the    front   several 
times,  and  was  enthu- 
siastically  patr  i  o  t  i  c 
during  the  entire  crit- 
ical period.     In  1868 
he  was  State  Senator 
from  Roxbury,  and  in 
187 1,    after   the    an- 
nexation of  Roxbury, 
was   mayor    of    Bos- 
ton,    and     was     re- 
elected the  following 
vcar.     Much   against 
his  own  inclinations, 
he    was    prevailed 
upon  to  be  a  candi- 
date in  1872,  and  his 
Republican  oppo- 
nent  was  declared 
elected  mayor  by  only 
seventy-nine    plural- 
ity, a  fact  indicative  of  his  great  popularity.     In  1874 
he  was  elected  governor  of  Massachusetts,  being  the  first 
Democratic  executive  since  the  Reptiblican  party  came 
into  power.     Resuming  his  law  business,  Ex-Governor 
Gaston,  in  1879,  took  Mr.  C.  L.  B.  Whitney  into  partner- 
ship, and  in  1883,  Mr.  William  A.  Gaston,  the  governor's 
son,  was  admitted  to  the  firm.     Ex-Governor  Gaston  re- 
ceived the  honorarv  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Brown  Univer- 
sitv,  his  alma  mater,  and  from  Har\ard  College  in  1875. 


WILLIAM    GASTON. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


M 


ASSACHUSP>T'rS  has  been  prolific  in  public  men 
who,  from  scholarly  attainments,  inherent  abil- 
ity and  acquired    experience,    reflect    honor  upon   the 
State  when  called  upon  to  exercise  high  and  executive 
functions.     Such  a  man — and  he  is  one  of   the  most 
conspicuous    figures  in  the  later  history   of   the   Com- 
monwealth—  is  Ex-Governor  Alexander  Hamilton  Rice. 
He  was  born  in  Newton,  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  18 18,  the  year 
that    saw   the    birth    of  three    other   future    governors. 
After  going   through 
the    preparatory 
course    of    study   in 
public    schools    and 
academies,    he    en- 
tered Union  College 
in   New  York    State, 
and    was    graduated 
in    1844,    being    the 
commencement  ora- 
tor  of    his    class. 
Three    years   later 
that   institution  con- 
ferred upon  him  the 
degree  of  A.  M.,  and 
he  was  made  Doctor 
of  Laws  by  Har\-ard 
University,  in    1876. 
After  graduation    he 
began    business    life 
in  the  house  of  W'il- 
kins.  Carter   &   Co., 
paper  manufacturers, 
Boston,  and  has  con- 
tinued   in    the  same 
line  up  to  the  pres- 
ent   time.     He    has 
built  up  an  extensive 
business  and  is  now 
]iresident    of    the 
Rice-Kendall    Com- 

jiany,  paper  dealers  and  manufacturers.  He  was  the 
first  Republican  mayor  of  Boston,  having  been  elected 
in  1855,  when  that  party  was  formed.  His  term  of 
office,  lasting  two  years,  was  one  of  the  most  important 
of  any  since  the  city  of  Boston  was  incorporated.  Many 
great  public  improvements  were  begun,  including  the 
development  of  the  Back  Bay  district,  many  street 
widenings,  the  building  of  the  City  Hospital,  and  the 
completion  and  dedication  of  the  Public  Library  build- 


ALEXANDER    HAMILTON    RICE 


ing.     Ex-Mayor  Rice's  address  on  the  latter  occasion  was 
a  masterpiece  of  oratory.     From   1S59  to   1867  he  was 
a  member  of   the  National  House  of   Representatives, 
where  he  exerted  a  powerful  influence  during  the  recon- 
struction period.     From  1875  to  1879  he  was  governor 
of   the  Commonwealth,  and    his   administrations   were 
marked  for  their  business  ability.     He  is  vice-president 
of   the    Webster  Historical  Society  ;  a  member  of    the 
American  Archaeological  Society  and  American  Histori- 
cal    Association ;     a 
trustee  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts    Institute 
of     Technology,     of 
the  Art    Museum  of 
Boston,  and    of   the 
Episcopal   Theologi- 
cal  School  at    Cam- 
bridge ;  a  director  of 
the   American    Loan 
and  Trust  Company, 
of  the  Massachusetts 
National    Bank,    and 
of    the    Bunker   Hill 
Monument    Associa- 
tion ;  president  of  the 
National  Soldiers' 
Home,  and  honorary 
chancellor  of  L'^nion 
University,    New 
Vork,  1 88 1.     During 
recent   years  Ex- 
Governor    Rice    has 
devoted    himself   al- 
most entirely  to  busi- 
ness, living    a   quiet 
life  with   his   family, 
apart   from    the  tur- 
moil   of   politics, 
though    his  counsels 
are  sought  and  highly 
valued  by  the   Reiiublican  party  leaders.     Li  commer- 
cial circles  his  judgment  and  experience  find  scope  and 
exercise  upon  the    numerous  boards  with  which  he  is 
connected.     Pre-eminently    a  man   of   affairs,    he    has, 
nevertheless,  found  time  for  the  graces  of   intellectual 
life,  and  his  marked  characteristic  is  the  combination  of 
business    sagacity   and    mental    accomplishments.     He 
has   been  twice  married.     F^x-Governor    Rice    lives  in 
Boston,  and  has  a  summer  home  at  Nantasket. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


39 


AN  educated  student  of  politics,  a  polished  orator 
for  any  occasion,  a  ready  talker  on  any  subject, 
a  lover  of  literature,  a  patriotic  statesman,  and  an  able 
lawyer  lives  in  Hingham,  Mass.  His  name  is  John 
Davis  Long,  and  he  has  been  speaker  of  the  Massachu- 
setts House  of  Representatives  three  years,  lieutenant- 
governor  one  year,  governor  three  years,  and  member 
of  Congress  three  years.  He  is  a  born  worker,  and  to 
his  tremendous  capacity  for  toil  are  added  versatile 
talents  of  a  high  or- 
der. He  came  by 
his  ambition  hon- 
estly. His  father  was 
Zadoc  Long,  a  leader 
in  Buckfield,  Me., 
public  spirited  and 
sturdy,  the  Whig  can- 
didate for  Congress 
in  his  district  in  1838, 
the  year  his  boy  was 
born.  His  mother 
was  a  relative  of  John 
Davis,  who  was  gov- 
ernor of  Massachu- 
setts, once  just  be- 
fore John  Davis  Long 
was  born,  and  twice 
when  the  future  gov- 
ernor was  a  baby. 
The  boy,  John  Davis 
Long,  went  from  the 
Buckfield  schools  to 
the  Hebron  .'Acad- 
emy, and  from  there 
to  Harvard  College 
in  1853.  He  stood 
second  in  his  class 
at  college  in  the  sen- 
ior year.  His  poeti- 
cal faculty  found  early 

expression,  and  he  wrote  the  ode  for  class  day.  .Mter 
graduation  he  taught  at  \\'estford  .\cademy  two  years  ; 
then  studied  law,  and  was  admitted  in  1861.  Going 
home  to  Buckfield,  he  put  his  shingle  out,  and,  as  he 
says,  "  made  twenty-five  cents  the  first  day,  and  next  to 
nothing  after  that."  He  came  to  Boston  in  1862,  and 
soon  formed  a  law  partnership  with  Stiliman  B.  Allen, 
which  lasted  until  1879.  Before  he  left  the  bar  for  po- 
litical life,  his  practice  had  grown  to  be  far  more  remu- 


JOHN    D.    LONG. 


nerative  than  was  the  salar)'  of  any  ofifice  he  has  ever 
filled.  His  rise  in  politics,  when  once  he  got  started, 
was  wonderfully  rapid,  and  the  year  1875  found  him  in 
the  ^L^ssachusetts  Legislature,  where  he  remained  until 
1878,  when  he  was  elected  lieutenant-governor.  The 
next  year  he  was  chosen  governor,  and  in  1879  and 
1880  was  re- nominated  by  acclamation  and  re-elected 
by  heavy  pluralities.  He  was  made  a  doctor  of  laws  by 
his  alma  mater  in  1880,  and  in  1882  delivered  the  one 

hundredth  Fourth  of 
July  oration  in  Bos- 
ton.    Then  followed 
his   Congressional 
career,  with  the  great 
Whiskey  Bill  speech, 
and  the  Chicago  Con- 
vention of  1884,  with 
the    famous    speech 
nominating     Senator 
Edmunds  for  the 
presidency.     He  has 
always    retained    his 
taste  for  the  classics, 
and  in  1879  published 
a  translation  of  Vir- 
gil's "^-Eneid,"  which 
is  said  by  critics  to 
preserve  the  spirit  of 
the    original   and    to 
possess  strong  poetic 
feeling.     His  inaugu- 
ral addresses  were  lit- 
erary masterpieces, 
and  as  an  orator  on 
a  wide  range  of  top- 
-     ics,  he   is  always;   in 
demand.      Since  his 
retirement  from  Con- 
gress   he    has    prac- 
tised law  in  Boston. 
In  1870  Mr.  Long  married  Mary  W.,  daughter  of  George 
S.  Glover.     His  second  marriage  was  with  Agnes,  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  Joseph  D.  Pierce,  in   1886.     He  has  three 
children.     He  is  now  senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of 
Long  &  Hemenway,  in   Boston,  and   although    actively 
engaged  in  the  [iractice  of  his  ((rofession,  involving  the 
direction  of  an  extensive  business,   Ex-Governor  Long 
finds  leisure  to  devote  to  the  larger  public  questions  of 
the  day,  political,  social,  and  philanthropic. 


40 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ONE  masterful  personality  has  left  its  imprint  upon 
the  legislation,  the  opinions,  the  character  of 
New  England,  and  has  made  its  influence  felt  through- 
out the  country.  Though  belonging  to  a  generation 
that  is  passing  away,  and  though  the  zenith  of  his  fame 
was  reached  years  ago,  Benjamin  Franklin  Buder  is  still 
a  vital  part  of  the  Massachusetts  of  to-day.  The  glory 
of  his  early  triumphs  at  the  bar,  in  the  political  life 
of  State  and  nation,  in  war  and  peace,  has  not  faded 
or  been  dimmed  by 
the  animosities 
which  a  positive  na- 
ture like  his  ever 
arouses.  I'hough 
the  innumerable  her- 
culean tasks  which 
he  has  accomplished 

—  enough  to  con- 
sume the  vitality  of 
a  regiment   of    men 

—  have  told  on  his 
physical  powers,  he 
still  preserves  that 
marvellous  keenness 
of  mind  and  quick- 
ness of  perception 
that  have  made  him 
one  of  the  foremost 
of  .American  lawyers. 
There  are  a  score  of 
episodes  in  his  event- 
ful life,  any  one  of 
which  would  furnish 
material  for  a  vol- 
inne.  Almost  from 
the  day  he  was  born, 
Nov.  5,  I  8  I  8,  u  \> 
among  the  hills  of 
Ueerfield,  N.  H., 
through    boyhood, 

youth,  and  early  manhood,  he  displayed  the  germs  of 
those  characteristics  which  have  marked  his  later  life. 
He  got  his  first  lessons  in  politics  from  his  grandmother  ; 
he  went  to  Phillips  Exeter  Academy,  and  later  to  Water- 
ville  College,  where  he  got  into  a  theological  conflict 
with  the  authorities ;  he  narrowly  escaped  becoming  a 
preacher ;  he  studied  law,  and  in  Lowell,  where  he  was 
practising  both  law  and  politics,  he  raised,  by  his 
advocacy  of   the  Ten-Hour   Bill,  a   terrific   storm,  the 


BENJAMIN    F.    BUTLER 


effects  of  which  have  even  yet  not  wholly  died  away ; 
he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  and 
kept  the  House  from  stagnating ;  during  the  decade 
from  1850  to  i860,  he  was  one  of  the  liveliest  and  most 
potent  factors  in  Massachusetts  politics.  His  military 
record ;  his  controversy  with  Governor  Andrew ;  his 
successful  recruiting  of  soldiers  in  New  England,  against 
the  will  of  the  governor  ;  the  fascinating  story  of  his 
vigorous  administration  of  affairs  in  New  Orleans  ;  his 

career   as    congress- 
man,  and    the    part 
he    took    in    the 
national    councils  — 
these  are  all  invested 
with  the  peculiar  in- 
terest   that    attaches 
to  everything  General 
Butler   has    said    or 
done.     His  adminis- 
tration   as    governor 
of  Massachusetts,  in 
1883,  with  his  famous 
Thanksgiving  p  r  o  c- 
lamation  and  the  in- 
vestigation   of    the 
Tewksb  u  r  y    a  1  m  s- 
house,    is    green    in 
the  memory  of  every 
voter.     T he     c  a  m  - 
|)aign  of   1884,  when 
he  was  nom  i  na  ted 
for  the  presidency 
by  the  Greenback 
party,  was  the  close 
of   his   political  life. 
Since    then    he    has 
devoted  himself   ex- 
clusively to  the  ])rac- 
tice  of  law.      In  1892 
he     publis  h  e  d     his 
autobiograjjhy,  entitled  "  Butler's  Book,"  which,  though 
it  has  been  most  severely  handled  by  some  of  his  critics 
and  enemies,  is  undoubtedly  the  most  entertaining  vol- 
ume of  reminiscences  that  was  ever  printed.     General 
Butler  resides  in  Lowell,  but  is  frequently  seen  in  the 
courts  of  Boston  and  at  his  office  in  Ashburton  Place. 
He  was  married  in  1844  to  Sarah,  daughter  of  Dr.  Israel 
and  Dolly  (Jones)  Hildreth.     Mrs.  Butler  died  in  1876. 
Of  this  union  were  Blanche,  Paul,  and  Ben-Israel. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


41 


THE  public  career  of  Ex-Congressman  and  Ex- 
Ciovernor  George  Dexter  Robinson  is  familiar  to 
the  nation.  In  many  respects  he  is  the  best  type  of 
New  England  character.  Believing  that  talent  is  worth- 
less unless  developed  by  industry,  work  has  been  the 
motto  and,  to  a  great  extent,  the  enjoyment  of  his  life. 
He  worked  as  college  student  and  as  teacher  in  his 
native  town  ;  he  worked  for  nine  years  as  principal  of 
the  Chicopee  High  School,  bringing,  out  of  the  chaos  of 
a  big  village  school, 
the  order,  system, 
and  capacity  for  ex- 
tended instruction  of 
the  modern  graded 
school :  he  worked 
so  hard  as  a  law  stu- 
dent that  he  devoted 
only  one  year  to  a 
preparation  that  or- 
dinarily requires 
three.  To  sustain 
this  labor  he  brought 
a  splendid  physical 
developme  n  t  from 
the  old  farm  in  Lex- 
ington, where  he 
worked  as  a  boy,  lay- 
ing then  the  founda- 
tions of  a  constitu- 
tion which  has  stood 
the  wear  of  nearly 
forty  years  of  unre- 
mitting devotion  to 
the  duties  of  man- 
hood, with  hardly  a 
day  of  illness,  and 
which  promises  many 
years  more  of  active 
profess  i  o  n  a  1  life. 
Born  of  an  old  colo- 
nial family,  Jan.  20,  1834,  his  childhood  days  were  passed 
in  Lexington.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Hopkins 
Classical  School,  Cambridge,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1856.  The  following  nine  years  he  had  charge  of 
the  Chicopee  High  School ;  then  studied  law  with  his 
brother,  and  in  1866,  having  been  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Cambridge,  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Chicopee  : 
elected  to  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives 
in  1873,  and  to  the  Senate  in  1875  ;  in  1878,  elected  to 


GEORGE    D.    ROBINSON 


Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1880  and  1881  ;  elected 
governor  of  the  Commonwealth  in  1883,  and  re-elected 
in  1884  and  1885.  Those  are  the  dry  facts  of  Mr. 
Robinson's  career.  Behind  them  lies  a  character  that 
has  won  for  him  not  only  worldly  success,  but  esteem 
and  confidence.  In  Congress  he  applied  himself  to 
understanding  the  business  of  the  House,  and  speedily 
became  an  authority  upon  it  and  upon  parliamentary 
law.     Although  not  an  adherent  of  Speaker  Keifer,  the 

latter  frequently 
called    him    to    the 
speaker  's    chair, 
where     he    made    a 
most  effective  presid- 
ing officer,  many  of 
his     rulings     having 
since    been  incorpo- 
rated  in  the  manual 
of  the  House.      Mr. 
Robinson's  first  cam- 
paign for  the  govern- 
orship is  green  in  the 
memory   of    every 
Massachusetts    man. 
The  masses   of  facts 
and   fi  g  u  r  e  s,  w  i  th 
which    he    combated 
Ex-Governor    Butler 
on   the   stump  night 
after     night,     were 
compiled  by  his  own 
labor    on    the    State 
House    records   dur- 
ing the  day.    As  gov- 
ernor,   his    admisis- 
trations    were  singu- 
larly able  and  above 
the  reproach   of  ex- 
treme    partisanship. 
He   never  missed 
town  meetings  in  Chicoijee,  going  home  regularly  while 
he  was  governor  to  preside  over  them.     Nor  did  he  per- 
mit his  gubernatorial  duties  to  clash  with  those  of  super- 
intendent of  the  Chicopee  Unitarian  Sunday  School,  but 
went  home   Saturday  nights  to   conduct   the  exercises. 
Since  1887  Governor  Robinson  has  devoted  himself  to 
the  practice  of  law.     His  family  consists  of  his  wife,  a 
son,  who  is  his  law  partner,  and  a  daughter.     In  1889 
he  was  a  special  Indian  commissioner. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


OLIVER    AMES,  shovel  manufacturer,  three  times 
elected  governor  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in 
Easton,   Bristol    County,   Mass.,   on    Feb.   4,    1831,   his 
parents  having  been  Oakes  and  Eveline  Ames.     He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  in 
the  academies  of  North  Attleboro  and  Leicester,  and  at 
Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  from  which  he  has 
received  the  degree  of  LL.  D.     Early  in  life  he  began 
to  show  that  interest  in  men  and  affairs  which  has  been 
the    source    of     his 
success  both  in  bus- 
iness   and    in    civic 
matters.    He  entered 
the  shops  of   Oliver 
Ames  &  Sons  as  an 
apprentice,  acquiring 
a    thorough     knowl- 
edge of  the  business, 
and  developing  it  bv 
many  improvements. 
He  also  travelled  for, 
and  became  an  active 
member  of,  the  firm, 
which  has  since  been 
changed   into  a  cor- 
poration.      On    the 
death  of   his  father, 
whose     fame     as     a 
statesman  and  a  bus- 
iness man  is  world- 
wide, he  was  called 
upon   to   adjust    the 
affairs    of    his    large 
estate,    and    this    he 
did  with  marked  abil- 
ity.     In     doing    this 
diffic  u  1 1   work   he 
gained  an  exjierience 
that  has  been  of  great 
value  to  him,  and  to 

thousands  of  others,  in  the  management  of  numerous 
railroad,  mining,  manufacturing,  and  banking  corpora- 
tions, of  which  he  has  been  president  or  director.  He 
has  also  been  president  of  the  Merchants'  Club,  of 
Boston,  and  of  the  Boston  .Art  Club.     In  the  welfare  of 


OLIVER    AMES 


has   contributed    liberally,  and   jilanneil   wisely,   for  the 
erection  of  handsome  and  substantial  public  liuildings, 
and   in   many  ways  has   aided   in   the   development  of 
local  improvements.     He  was  elected  a  State  senator  in 
1879,  ^J^d   was   re-elected    in    1880.      In    1882   he   was 
elected   lieutenant-governor,  and    was    three    times   re- 
elected.    I'hen  he  was  elected  governor.     During  the 
three  years  which  he  was  chief  executive  magistrate  of 
Massachusetts,  he  gave  her  jieople  a  business  adminis- 
tration of  her  affairs 
which     has     seldom 
been     equalled    and 
never    surpassed. 
Notably   good    were 
his   appointments   to 
office.     In   these   he 
made  use  of  his  wide 
and  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  men,  to  the 
permanent  advantage 
of  his  fellow-citizens. 
While    he    was    gov- 
ernor he  solved  suc- 
cessfully   a    problem 
that  for  several  years 
had    confronted    the 
people  of  the  State. 
.As   a    business    man, 
as    one    who    appre- 
ciated     the     impor- 
tance of  bringing  all 
the  departments  of  a 
great  business — such 
as  that  of  a  common- 
wealth—  under    one 
roof,  and  with  ample 
room  lor  its  transac- 
t  i  o  n,    he    r  e  c  o  m- 
mended    officially   a 
magnificent   enlarge- 
ment of  the   State    House.     This  recommendation  was 
approved  by  the  Legislature,  and  under  this  authority 
the  governor  ])rovided  plans  for,  and  on  Dec.  21,  1890, 
laid   the   corner  stone  of,   the   new  State   House.      At 
a  cost  of  less  than  three  millions  of  dollars,  Massachu- 


his  native  town,  and  the  education  of  its  people,  he  has  setts  will  have  a  State  House  that  will  be  an  ornament 

taken  an  active  interest.     He  was  member  of  the  Fvaston  to  the  city  in  which  it  stands,  and  a  credit  to  the  Com- 

School  Committee  for  many  years.     He  ])lanted  thou-  monwealth.      Here,  if  in  no  other  |ilace,  is  an  enduring 

sands  of  shade  trees  along  Easton's  public  ways.     He  monument  to  Oliver  Ames. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


43 


LAWYER,  legislator,  and  ex-governor,  John  (^uincy 
Adams  Brackett  stands  in  the  first  rank  of  the 
sons  of  Massachusetts.  He  was  born  at  Bradford, 
N.  H.,  June  8,  1842,  and  is  the  son  of  Ambrose  S.  and 
Nancy  Brackett.  He  studied  in  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town  and  Colby  Academy,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1861.  He  then  entered  Harvard,  and, 
with  high  honors,  was  graduated  in  1865,  being  the 
class  orator.  He  entered  the  Harvard  Law  School,  and 
in  1868  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  Boston, 

where    he    still    con-  "^ 

tinues  to  practise. 
In  1871  he  was 
elected  president  of 
the  Mercantile  Li- 
brary Association,  of 
Boston.  In  1882  he 
was  again  honored 
with  the  same  office. 
Mr.  Brackett  was  one 
of  the  first  promoters 
of  the  young  men's 
Republican  move- 
ment, and  presided 
at  the  first  meeting 
held  at  Faneuil  Hall, 
in  1877.  By  this 
time  his  pii  M  ic 
speeches  had  made 
him  prominent.  Jn 
1874  he  was  ap- 
pointed judge-advo- 
cate upon  the  staff  of 
General  I.  S.  Burrell, 
of  the  First  Brigade 
of  Mass  a  c  h  u  s  e  1 1  s 
Volunteer  Militia, 
and  retained  the  po- 
sition until  the  re- 
organization in  1876.  From  1S73  to  1876,  inclusive, 
he  served  in  the  Common  Council  of  Boston,  the  latter 
year  being  unanimously  chosen  president.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, and  remained  a  member  until  1881.  He 
again  served  from  1884  to  1886,  inclusive.  During  that 
time  he  was  identified  with  some  very  important  legisla- 
tion, prominent  among  which  was  the  bill  establishing 
co-operative  banks.    Mr.  Brackett  was  chairman  of  num- 


J     Q    A^    BRACKETT. 


berless  committees,  including  that  on  Rules  and  the 
special  committee  of  1881  on  the  Revision  of  the  Stat- 
utes. In  1885  he  was  unanimously  nominated  for 
speaker  of  the  House,  and  was  elected,  and  re-elected 
in  1886.  Probably  no  speaker  in  Massachusetts  was 
ever  put  to  a  more  severe  test  than  that  which  Mr. 
Brackett  encountered  the  first  year  —  that  of  the  famous 
filibustering  movement  against  the  Metropolitan  Police 
Bill.   ■  By  his  firm  action  and  spirited  determination  the 

bill  was  reached  and 
passed,  and  both  par- 
ties   accorded     him 
much  praise  for  his 
ability    in    presiding 
over  this  strong  de- 
bate.    In  the  fall  of 
1886  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor, 
re-elected     in     1887 
and     1888,   and    the 
next    year    he    suc- 
ceeded Oliver  Ames 
as    govern  or.     E  .x  - 
CJovernor     Brackett, 
in  his   inaugural   ad- 
dress, approved    the 
abolition  of  the  con- 
tract system  of  labor 
in   the    ])risons,  and 
recommended   that 
a  law  be  passed  that 
prisoners   be  paid   a 
proportion    of    their 
earnings   while  serv- 
ing  their  sentences, 
and  suggested  many 
other  wise  measures. 
He     also    suggested 
that  the  Legislature, 
by    res  o  1  u  t  i  o  n   or 
otherwise,  urge  Congress  to  cause  uniform  couplers  and 
continuous  brakes  to  be  used  on  all  freight  cars  employed 
in  interstate  commerce  as  a  protection  to  the   brake- 
men.     Governor  Bracket '  also  advocated  biennial  elec- 
tions,   but   not    biennial    sessions    of    the    Legislature. 
These  two  pro]:)Ositions  had  been  considered  identical, 
but  he  explained   the  difference   and  showed  why  the 
change  should  be  effected.     He  was_  married  in  1878  to 
Angle  M.  Peck  of  Arlington. 


44 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HENRY   LAURENS  DAWES,  senior  Ignited  States 
senator  from  Massachusetts,  is  the  son  of  Mitchell 
and    Mercy   (Burgess)    Dawes,  and   was  born  in  Cum- 
mington,   Mass.,  Oct.   30,    1816.     His   early   education 
was  obtained  in  the  common  and  preparatory  schools, 
after  which  he  entered  Yale  College,  graduating  from 
the  latter  in  the  class  of  1839.     The  next  two  years  he 
employed  in  teaching,  and  later  became  editor  of  the 
Greenfield   Gazette,  which  position  he  resigned  to  be- 
come   managing  ed- 
itor   of    the    Adams 
Transcript.      From 
journalism  he  turned 
his  attention  to  law, 
entering  the  office  of 
W'ells     &     Davis     at 
(Ireenfield,   and   was 
admitted  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts bar  in  1842 
beginning  the    prac- 
tice of  his  profession 
in  North  Adams.     In 
1864  he  removed  to 
Pittsfield,  which  has 
ever  since   been  his 
legal    place    of    resi- 
dence.   He  served  in 
the  lower  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature 
in  1848,  1849,  and  in 
the  State    Senate    in 
1850.     In     1853    he 
was  a  member  of  the 
State    Constitutional 
Conv  e  n  t  i  o  n,   and 
from    1853    to    1857 
was  district  attorney 
for  the  western  dis- 
trict.   He  was  elected 
to    the    Thirty-fifth, 

Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-seventh,  Thirty-eighth,  Fortieth, 
Forty-first,  Forty-second,  and  Forty-third  Congresses, 
and  to  the  United  States  Senate  in  1875,  to  succeed 
Charles  Sumner,  whose  unexpired  term  was  filled  by 
William  B.  Washburn.  He  was  re-electetl  in  18S1  and 
again  in  1887,  his  present  term  expiring  March  3,  1893. 
Mr.  Dawes  was  married  in  Ashfield,  Mass.,  May  i,  1844, 
to  Electa  A.  Sanderson,  and  of  this  union  there  are 
three  children  living,  —  Anna  Laurens,  Chester  iMitchell, 


HENRY    L,    DAWES 


and  Henry  Laurens,  Jr.,  —  Miss  Anna  being  ])rominently 
identified  with  educational  work,  and  a  member  of  the 
World's  Fair  Board  of  Managers.     Senator  Dawes  has 
always  held  a  distinguished  place  in  the  councils  of  the 
nation,  and  no  member  of  the  Llnited  States  Senate  is 
more  generally  esteemed  among  his  senatorial  colleagues, 
while  he  is  as  well  an  exceedingly  popular  man  in  the 
State  which  he  has  honored  and  upon  which  his  services 
have  conferred  honor  in  return.     No  man  in  Washing- 
ton is  more  familiar 
with      the     different 
phases  of  the  Indian 
question  and  the  re- 
lationship   and    duty 
of  the  government  to 
its  Indian  wards,  and 
he  has  been  for  years 
chairman  of  the  Sen- 
ate Committee  on  In- 
dian Affairs.  Abroad, 
genial,     sympathetic 
man,  he  has  won  the 
respect  of  all  parties, 
and    in    the    Senate, 
whenever  he  chooses 
to  speak,  he  receives 
the    most    courteous 
and   appr  e  c  i  a  t  i  v  e 
hearing,  for  he  is  rec- 
ognized as  one  of  the 
foremost  members  of 
that   augu  s  t  body. 
He  has  been  the  i)er- 
sonal  friend  of  every 
President    since    his 
first  appearance  as  a 
member  of  Congress, 
while  at  home  in  his 
own  State  he  enjoys 
the  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him,  irrespective  of  party,  for  there  is  an  honest 
sincerity  about  the  man,  a  magnetism  to  his  personality 
that  is  as  captivating  as  it  is  rare.     Massachusetts  has^ 
been  well  honored  by  the  distinguished  sons  who  have 
represented  her  in  the  national  halls  of  legislation,  but 
none  have  won  more  general  respect  than  the  present 
senior  senator  from  the  Bay  State.     In  1869  A\'illiams 
College    conferred    u]ion  Senator  Dawes  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  laws. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


45 


UNITED  STATES  Senator  Ceorge  Frisbie  Hoar 
was  born  in  Concord,  Mass.,  Aug.  29,  1826. 
His  father,  Hon.  Samuel  Hoar,  was  a  contemporary  at 
the  bar  of  Mason,  Webster,  and  Choate,  and  shared  with 
them  the  honors  of  the  first  rank  among  the  lawyers  of 
Massachusetts.  Mr.  Hoar's  mother  was  the  youngest 
daughter  of  Roger  Sherman,  of  Connecticut.  Senator 
Hoar  received  his  early  education  in  Concord,  and  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  in  the  class  of  1846.  He  then 
entered  upon  the 
study  of  law  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School, 
and  subsequently  in 
the  office  of  the  late 
Judge  Thomas,  in 
Worcester.  .\d- 
mitted  to  the  Wor- 
cester bar  in  1849 
he  associated  him- 
self in  practice  first 
with  the  late  Hon. 
Emery  Washb  u  r  n, 
and  then  with  the 
late  Hon.  Charles 
Devens  and  the  late 
J.  Henry  Hill.  Mr. 
Hoar's  native  capac- 
ity, disciplined  by 
education  and  sup- 
plemented by  great 
industry,  gave  him  a 
high  rank  in  his  pro- 
fession, and  when  he 
entered  Cong  r  e  s  s, 
after  twenty  years  of 
labor  at  the  bar,  his 
practice  was  the 
largest  in  the  State 
west  of  Middlesex 
County.      In     185 1, 

at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  Mr.  Hoar  was  elected  a  rep- 
resentative to  the  Legislature,  and  though  the  youngest 
member  of  the  body,  became  at  once  a  leader.  He 
was  elected  State  Senator  in  1857,  and  as  chairman  of 
the  Judiciary  Committee  drew  a  masterly  report  defin- 
ing the  boundaries  of  executive  and  legislative  authority. 
Mr.  Hoar  was  first  elected  to  Congress  in  1868,  having 
declined  at  an  earlier  time  to  accept  an  election.  He 
became  known  at  once    as  a  formidable   opponent   in 


GEORGE    F,    HOAR. 


debate,  but  acc|uired  a  reputation  for  fairness  toward 
his  opponents  which  has  ever  since  been  a  trait  of 
his  public  career.  His  most  distinguished  service  in 
Congress  was  as  a  member  of  the  Electoral  Commis- 
sion. Mr.  Hoar  was  re-elected  in  1870, 1872, and  1874, 
but  declined  again  to  be  a  candidate.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  LTnited  States  senator,  to  succeed  Hon. 
George  S.  Boutwell,  and  has  since  been  twice  re-elected. 
His   third  election  was  by  the  unanimous  vote  of   his 

party  in  the  Legisla- 
ture  without  a  cau- 

cus.     In  the  Senate 

Mr.  Hoar  was  for 
many  years  chairman 
of  the  Committee 
on  Privileges  a  n  d 
Electi  o  n  s,  and  a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mittees on  Claims 
and  the  Judiciary. 
He  is  now  chairman 
of  the  last-named 
committee.  He  is 
the  author  or  leading 
advocate  of  numer- 
ous important  meas- 
ures, among  others 
of  the  Lowell  Bank- 
ruptcy Bill,  the  Pres- 
idential Succession 
Bill,  and  the  bill  for 
counting  the  elec- 
toral votes  for  pres- 
ident and  vice-pres- 
ident. Mr.  Hoar  has 
presided  over  four 
Republic  an  State 
Conventions,  and  in 
1880  was  president  of 
the  National  Repub- 
lican Convention.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Overseers  of  Harvard,  president  of  the  American 
Antiquarian  Society,  is  a  trustee  of  the  Worcester  Poly- 
technic Institute,  of  Clark  LTniversity,  and  was  a  regent 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He  received  the  degree 
of  LL.  D.  from  William  and  Mary  College,  Amherst, 
Vale,  and  Harvard.  Mr.  Hoar  married,  in  1853,  Mary 
Louisa  Spurr,  of  Worcester.  She  died  a  few  years  later. 
In  1862  Mr.  Hoar  married  Ruth  Ann  Miller,  of  Worcester. 


46 


MASSACHUSETTS    OP    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES   STURTEVANT   RANDALL,  the  pres- 
ent representative  in  Congress  of  the  district  in 
which  New  Bedford  is  situated,  was  born  there  Feb.  -'o, 
1824.     He  comes  of  a  staunch  old  Puritan  family,  being 
descended  on  his  father's   side   from   Tristram   Coffin, 
who  landed  in  Nantucket  in  1640,  and  on  his  mother's 
side  from   Samuel   Sturtevant,  a  surveyor,  who  was   in 
Plymouth  as  early  as  1637,  and  Richard  Bourne,  one  of 
the  incorporators  of  Sandwich  in  1637.     He  now  owns 
the  farm  in  Plymouth 
County  (Rochester), 
settled    in    1699    by 
Charles   Sturtevant. 
His  grandfather,  also 
named  Charles  Stur- 
tevant,   was,  in    the 
Battle  of  Lexington, 
corporal   of   a   com- 
pany of  militia  from 
Rochester.     After 
leaving    school,    Mr. 
Randall  prepared  for 
Harvard  College  un- 
der   private    tuition, 
but,  instead    of   ma- 
triculating, went  to  a 
school  in  France,  and 
on  his  return  entered 
business.      Soon 
afterward  he  became 
a  clerk  in  the  Mer- 
chants    National 
Bank,   of    which    his 
uncle,  James   B . 
Congdon,  was  cash- 
ier.    The    California 
gold   fever   of     1847 
carried  him  from  be- 
hind his  desk  there 
to  the  mines,  where 

he  participated  in  all  the  rough  and  exciting  experiences 
of  such  a  life.  Returning  to  New  Bedford,  after  fair 
success,  he  married,  in  1851,  Sarah  Spooner,  daughter 
of  the  late  Jireh  and  Nancy  (Nye)  Perry.  LIntil  i860 
he  did  a  large  shipping  and  commission  business  ;  then 
organized  the  New  Bedford  Copper  Company,  of  which 
he  was  treasurer  till  he  resigned  in  1867  ;  then  again 
engaged  in  the  whaling  business  and  in  the  management 
of   the  McKay  Manufacturing  Comi)any.     In  1S72  he 


CHARLES    S,    RANDALL 


retired  from  active  business,  and  with  his  family  spent 
the  next  two  years  in  European  travel.  In  1882  Mr. 
Randall's  political  career  commenced  with  his  election 
to  the  State  Senate,  where  he  served  with  credit  for  two 
years.  At  the  State  House  he  was  a  member  of  the 
committees  on  mercantile  affairs  and  engrossed  bills, 
and  chairman  of  the  former  committee  in  his  second 
year.  For  three  years  after  this  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Republican  State  Central  Committee.     In  1888  he 

was    elected    to   the 
Fifty-first    Congress, 
and  was  re-elected  in 
1890  and   1892.     As 
Congre  s  s  m  a  n,  Mr. 
Randa  11  enjoys  a 
large  measure  of  pop- 
ularity both  in  Wash- 
ington and  at  home. 
At    the    Capitol   his 
tact   and    genia  1  i  t  y 
have  won  for  him  a 
position  of  great  in- 
fluence in  promoting 
the   interests  of    his 
constituents,  and    in 
his   distr  i  c  t    he    is 
always  on   the  look- 
out  for   an   opportu- 
nity to  be  of  service. 
He.  is  not  one  of  the 
orators  of  the  House 
of      Representatives, 
but  few  of  its  mem- 
bers are  ahead  of  him 
in  zealous  and  perse- 
vering effort  for  their 
constit  u  e  n  t  s.     Mr. 
Randall  still  has  his 
home    in    his    native 
city,    where    he    has 
many  ties  other  than  those  which  come  from  his  polit- 
ical office,  and  where  he  spends  most  of  his  time  when 
Congress   is   not    in  session.      He   has  two  daughters, 
Harriet  (Mrs.  Walter  Clifford,  New  Bedford)   and  Sarah 
(Mrs.  John  W.  Criswold,  Troy,  N.  Y.).     Although  Mr. 
Randall  has  not  recently  been  engaged  in  the  pursuits 
of  active  business,  he  is  a  director  and  stockholder  in 
various   companies,  where    his   experience   in    mercan- 
tile legislation  renders  his  presence  of  great  value. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


M 


THERE  is  scarcely  a  more  interesting  figure  in  con- 
temporary  public    life    than    that   of    Elijah    A. 
Morse.     He    combines    in   his    unique   personality  the 
qualities  that  provoke  attention,  that  command  respect, 
that  exert  a  wide  influence,  and  that  overcome  opposi- 
tion, of  whatever  nature.     For  more  than  fifteen  years 
he  has  been  a  sort  of  storm    centre    in    Massachusetts 
politics,  and  whatever  he  has  said  or  done  has  awakened 
interest  in  men  of  all  parties.     Whether   in   the   State 
Legislature  or  in  the 
National      Congress, 
he  has  never  hidden 
his     light     under    a 
bushel.     On    ev  e  r  y 
subject    of     popular 
interest  he  has  held 
decided    opin  ions, 
and  their  expression 
has    alwa  y  s    been 
clear    and     forceful. 
The  architect  of  his 
own    fortune,  —  and 
a    most    respectable 
one    it    is,  —  Mr. 
Morse    has  risen  by 
dint    of    persevering 
toil  from  poverty  to 
affluence.     Sa  m  u  e  1 
Smiles  has  not  given 
a  more   striking   ex- 
ample   of     self-help. 
Mr.    Morse     is    de- 
scended from  one  of 
the  oldest  New  Eng- 
land    families,    the 
founder    of     whi  c  h 
settled    at    Dedham 
in     1637.     In     the 
next    century    the 
family     went     ^Vest, 

and  at  South  Bend,  Ind.,  in  1841,  Mr.  Morse  was  born, 
the  son  of  a  clergyman,  who,  eleven  years  later,  re- 
turned to  Massachusetts.  In  the  public  schools  of 
Sherborn,  Holliston,  at  the  Boylston  School  in  Boston, 
and  at  Onondaga  Academy  in  New  York  State,  young 
Elijah  was  educated.  Neither  as  boy  nor  as  youth  was 
he  ever  an  idler.  Alone  in  a  little  building  at  Sharon, 
Mass.,  he  began,  during  his  school  vacations,  to  experi- 
ment and  manufacture  the  stove  polish  which  has  since 


ELIJAH    A.    MORSE 


made  his  fortune.  In  his  nineteenth  year  he  enlisted 
as  private  in  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Infantry,  was 
three  months  with  General  Butler,  in  \irginia,  and  with 
General  Banks  nine  months  in  Louisiana.  Returning 
from  the  war,  he  went  into  business  with  his  brother 
and  established  at  Canton  what  has  grown  to  be  a  large 
industry,  being  now  the  sole  proprietor.  He  was 
elected  to  the  lower  House  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature in  1876,  and  later  served  two  terms  in  the  State 

Senate,  followed  by 
two  years  in  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council.  As 
senator,  Mr.  Morse 
secu  red  radical 
amendments  to  the 
laws  for  the  protec- 
tion of  children  and 
for  the  punishment 
of  crimes  agai  n  s  t 
jfl|  chastity.     He     was 

I^P  I  also    the     chamijion 

of  all  wise  labor  leg- 
islation and  an  influ- 
ential friend  of  the 
veterans.  In  18S8 
he  was  elected  to 
Congress,  an  d  i  n 
1890,  in  the  face  of 
formidable  opposi- 
tion, was  re-elected, 
and  again  elected  in 
1892,  as  a  member 
of  the  Fifty- third 
Congress.  His  rec- 
ord at  Washington  is 
part  of  the  country's 
history.  Mr.  Morse 
is  not  only  a  theoret- 
ical but  a  practical 
philanthropist,  and 
has  given  large  sums  to  various  charities.  During  the 
last  ten  j'ears  he  has,  in  addition  to  his  public  duties 
and  the  conducting  of  his  large  business,  delivered 
more  than  fifteen  hundred  addresses  upon  political, 
educational,  religious,  and  temperance  subjects,  which 
have  given  him  a  wide  introduction  to  the  people  of  New 
England  as  well  as  other  States.  He  was  married  in 
1868  to  the  daughter  of  Samuel  Vining,  of  Holbrook. 
The  family  consists  of  three  sons. 


4« 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO~DAY. 


ILLUSTRIOUS  sons  of  illustrious  fathers  are  not  rare 
in  the   history  of  Massachusetts,   as    the  names  of 
Adams,  Quincy,  Prince,  Everett,  Holmes,  Russell,  Hoar, 
and  others  in  the  contemporary  life  of  the  State  amply 
prove.     A  striking  example  of  the  influence  of  heredity 
is  furnished  in  the  character  of  John  Forrester  Andrew, 
the  son  of  the  "War  Ciovernor"  of  the  Commonwealth. 
John  F.  Andrew   has,  as   his  father  had,  that  instinc- 
tive   and  controlling  impidse  which  leads  him  to  take 
the  right  course,  let 
the    conseq  u  e  n  c  e  s 
be   what    they   may. 
He    was    born    in 
Hingham ,    Mass., 
N  o  v.     2  6,     I  8  s  o. 
After    pursuing     his 
early  studies  in    the 
Boston      public 
schools,    he    entered 
Harvard  and  gradu- 
ated in  1872.    Three 
years    later    he     re- 
ceived the  degree  of 
LL.     B.    from     the 
Harvard  Law  School, 
was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk  bar  the  same 
year,  and    has   since 
practised  in  Boston. 
He  served  five  terms 
in    the     Legislature, 
beginning     in    1880, 
and     being    one    of 
the    youngest    mem- 
bers   of   the    House. 
In    1884    and     1885 
he   was  in  the  State 
Sena  t  e.     He    was 
offered    the    Demo- 
cratic   nomination 

for  Congress  in  his  district  in  1884,  but  declined. 
He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  in 
1886,  and  came  nearer  an  election  than  any  other 
defeated  candidate  for  many  years.  He  declined  a 
re-nomination  in  1887,  but  was  elected  to  Congress  the 
following  year,  and  was  a  candidate  in  1892.  He  has 
been  one  of  the  most  active  and  useful  members  of  the 
House  of  Re]3resentatives,  his  efforts  in  behalf  of  tariff  re- 
form and  against  the  free  coinage  of  silver  having  gained 


JOHN    F     ANDREW 


for  him  a  national  reputation.  Tariff  reformers  through- 
out New  lOngland  have  come  to  regard  Mr.  ."Andrew  as 
their  special  representative  in  the  House,  and  his 
speeches  against  the  McKinley  Bill  and  in  favor  of  free 
wool  are  among  the  most  forcible  that  have  been 
delivered  at  Washington  in  recent  years.  The  cause  of 
civil  service  reform  has  also  found  one  of  its  ablest  and 
most  energetic  supporters  in  Mr.  Andrew.  The  labor- 
ing men  have  shown  their  appreciation  of  him  by  the 

big  majorities  they 
have  rolled  up  for 
him  whenever  he 
has  been  a  candi- 
date. His  bill  to 
exclude  political 
influence  in  the  em- 
ployment]of  laborers 
was  substantially  a 
procl  a  m  a  t  i  o  n  of 
♦■>1-^^  emancipation    for 

»■  ^'  •  workingmen     from 

servility  to  political 
bosses.  Mr.  Andrew 
has  als  o  been  a 
steady  friend  of  the 
veterans  of  the  Civil 
\Var.  He  has  never 
failed  to  re  c  e  i  v  e 
more  vot  e  s  than 
other  candidates  on 
the  same  ticket,  and 
to  receive  the  votes 
of  me  n  who  r  e- 
spected  his  ability 
and  courage,  though 
they  were  not  of  his 
'  party.     He  is  noted 

for  his  activity  in  all 
benevo  1  e  nt  w  o  r  k, 
holding  the  offices  of 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Infant  Asylum,  president 
of  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Children, 
president  of  the  Home  for  Aged  Colored  Women,  and 
trustee  of  the  Asylum  for  Feeble-Minded  Youth.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  New  England  Historic  (lenealogical 
Society.  Mr.  Andrew  was  married,  in  1883,  to-  Harriet, 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  and  Cornelia  (Van  Rensselaer) 
Thayer.  She  died  in  1891,  leaving  him  two  children. 
He  lives  in  Boston. 


MASSAClIUSErrS    OF    TO-DAY. 


49 


JOSEPH  HENRY  O'NEIL,  one  of  the  Democratic 
Congressmen  from  Massachusetts,  has  the  unique 
experience  of  having  been  in  public  office  almost  con- 
tinuously since  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty-one  years. 
He  was  born  in  Fall  River,  Bristol  County,  Mass.,  on 
March  23,  1853,  being  the  son  of  Patrick  Henry  and 
Mary  (Harrington)  O'Neil.  His  early  education  was 
gained  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1866.  He  then  worked  as  a  printer's 
apprentice,  and  later 
learned  the  carpen- 
ter's trade  with  the 
firm  of  Jones,  Fitch 
&  Co.,  who  did  a 
very  large  business. 
In  1870  he  assisted 
in  the  formation  of 
the  St.  James  Young 
Men's  Catholic  Total 
Abstinence  Soc  i  e  t  y 
of  Boston,  and  he 
was  its  president  for 
many  years.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  Catholic 
Total  Abs  t  i  n  e  n  c  e 
Union  of  Massachu- 
setts, but  he  alwavs 
declined  to  hold 
office  in  that  body. 
In  1874  he  was 
twenty-one  years  of 
age,  and  in  that  year 
he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Bos- 
ton School  Board 
from  Ward  Seven. 
He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Demo- 
cratic City  Commit- 
tee in  that  year.  He  has  since  been  a  member  of  the 
same  committee  several  times.  In  1878,  1879,  1880, 
1881,  and  1882  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  from  W'artl 
Sixteen.  In  1883  he  declined  to  be  a  candidate,  but 
he  was  elected,  and  again  in  1884.  He  served  on  the 
Committee  on  Liquor  Law  in  1878,  on  the  Committee 
on  Public  Buildings  in  1879,  ^"d  on  the  Committee  on 
Street  Railways  in  1880,  i88ij  and  1882  ;  on  the  special 


JOSEPH    H.    O'NEIL. 


committee  appointed  to  revise  the  iniblic  statutes  in 
1 88 1,  and  on  the  Committee  on  Rules  and  Orders 
in  1882  ;  on  the  committees  on  rules  and  on  railroads  in 
1884.  He  was  also  made  president  of  the  Democratic 
organization  of  the  House  in  1880.  During  his  service 
as  a  legislator,  Mr.  O'Neil  became  interested  in  the 
Meigs  system  of  elevated  railroads.  He  has  been 
called  the  father  of  that  system,  and  he  is  now  presi- 
dent of  the  company.     He  was  five  years  a  member  of 

the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors of  Public  Insti- 
tutions of  Boston,  and 
its  president  in  1885 
and   1886.     In   1887 
and     1888     he    was 
clerk  of   the   city  of 
Boston,    and    in    the 
latter    year    he    was 
unanimously  n  o  m  i  - 
nated    for    Congress 
in     the     Democratic 
Convention    of     the 
fourth  district,  to  suc- 
ceed General   P.  A. 
Coll  ins,   and    was 
elected  by  the  largest 
majority  ever  cast  for 
a    Democratic    Con- 
gressional  candidate 
in     this     State.      In 
1890      he     was     re- 
elected, and  again  in 
1892,  serving  on  the 
Committee    on    .\p- 
[iropriations    in    the 
Fifty-sec  o  n  d   C  o  n- 
gress.     As  a  legisla- 
tor, Mr.  O'Neil  is  an 
ardent   and   yet  lib- 
eral   Democrat,    and 
he  has  been  a  prominent  figure  in  Democratic  councils 
for  several  years.     He  is  fearless  and  independent,  and 
follows   his   convictions  with  little  regard  for  political 
bias.      On  July    i,    1884,   Mr.   O'Neil  married,   in  the 
Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Boston,  Mary  Anastasia, 
daughter   of    John   and    Maria    (Plunkett)    Ingoldsby. 
They  have  one  child,  Joseph  H.  O'Neil,  Jr.     Congress- 
man O'Neil  resides  in  Boston,  and  the  district  he  repre- 
sents has  long  been  noted  for  its  political  acti\ity. 


50 


.V.ISSAC//CSET7S    OF    TO-DAY. 


IF   family  traditions  could  be  relied  on  to  keep  a  man 
within  the  lines  of  a  certain  political  party,  Sherman 
Hoar  would  be  to-day  a  Republican  of  Republicans,  for 
he  i^  the  son  of  Hon.  E.  R.  Hoar  (attorney-general  of 
the  United    States   under    President    Grant)    and    the 
nephew  of  Senator  Hoar.     He  has  inherited  the  family 
resoluteness  of  will,  untrammelled  by  slowly  formed  but 
firmly   welded    political   ties.     In   consequence    of    his 
opinions  on  the  tariff  issue,  he  entered  the  Democratic 
party,  and  in  1890  was 
elected  to  Congress. 
He   has   many   qual- 
ities   which    tended 
to  lead  him  into  pub- 
lic life.     Not  only  is 
he  possessed  of  strong 
l)ersonal  opinions 
upon  the  great  ques- 
tions of  the  day,  but 
he  has  an  intense  de- 
sire to  see  his  opin- 
ions prevail.    He  has 
the  splendid   virtues 
of  a  strong  character. 
The    representatives 
of  his  family  of  the 
preceding  generation 
were  the  determined 
opponen  t  s  o  f    the 
slave   sys  t  e  m,   a  n  d 
were  ready  to  make 
any  sacrifice  to  bring 
about    its    abolition. 
The  son  and  nejihew 
came  into  active  life 
when   the  old   prob- 
lem had  been  solved, 
but    he    found   other 
wrongs  to  be  righted. 
In  an  address  which 

he  delivered  before  the  American  Unitarian  .Association 
in  1890,  on  the  corrupt  practices  which  are  so  common 
in  public  affairs,  he  showed  a  magnificent  capacity  for 
dealing  with  complicated  public  questions.  Mr.  Hoar 
was  born  in  Concord,  Mass.,  July  30,  i860.  His  parents 
were  Ebenezer  Rockwood  and  Caroline  (Brooks)  Hoar. 
Receiving  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools  of 
Concord,  he  fitted  for  college  at  Phillips  Exeter  Acad- 
emy.    He  entered  Harvard  in  1878,  and  was  graduated 


SHERMAN    HOAR 


in  1882,  being  the  orator  of  his  class  at  graduation. 
After  studying  law  for  two  years  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  another  year  in  his  father's  office,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  Middlesex  County  bar  in  1885.  He 
practised  in  Waltham  about  one  year,  and  in  1887 
was  admitted  to  the  Boston  law  firm  of  Storey,  Thorn- 
dike  &  Hoar,  of  which  Moorfield  Storey,  Esq.,  is  the 
senior  partner.  In  1890  Mr.  Hoar  was  nominated  for 
Congress  by  the   Democrats  of    the   fifth   district,  —  a 

district  strongly  Re- 
publican,—  and,  after 
a     most     enlivening 
campaign,     he     was 
elected.     He     is     a 
most    effective     and 
persuasive  stump 
speaker,    his    words 
having  that  clear  ring 
of  sentiment  and  sin- 
ceritv   which    makes 
the  dullest  ear  atten- 
tive.    In     Congress, 
where  he  served  one 
term,  declining  to  be 
a   candidate    for  re- 
nomination,    he    was 
one  of  the  ablest  of 
the     younger    mem- 
bers.    Mr.  Hoar  has 
been    a    member   of 
the    Unitarian    Club 
of  Boston,  a  director 
in  the  American  Uni- 
tarian  Association, 
and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of 
Phillips  Exeter  Acad- 
e  m  y,    being    the 
youngest    man    who 
ever  served    in   that 
office.      He    was    married    in    1886    to    Miss    Caroline 
Prescott  Wood,  of    Concord,  who  died  in   1891.     He 
has  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter.     Mr.  Hoar  is 
now  devoting  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession 
for  which  he  is  most  thoroughly  equipped  both  by  nature 
and  training.     He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  con- 
scientious of  the  younger  generation  of  lawyers,  and  it 
is  also  the  belief  of  his  friends  that  his  political  career 
is  only  temporarily  closed. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


51 


HENRY   CABOT   LODGE,  who  has   acquired    na- 
tional fame  as  author  and  as  statesman,  was  born 
in  Boston,  May  12,  1850,  the  son  of  John  Ellerton  and 
Anna  Cabot  Lodge.     Graduating  from  Harvard  Univer- 
sity in  1871   and  from  the  Law  School  in   1874,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875.     He  had  previously,  when 
but   twenty-four  years  old,  accepted    the  editorship  of 
the  "  North  American  Review,"  retaining  this  position 
two  years.     From   1879  to  1881,  he  was  editor  of  the 
"  International     Re- 
view."    For  his  the- 
sis  on   "  The    Land 
Law   of    the   Anglo- 
Saxons  "  he  received 
from   Har v a r d,    in 
1875,  the  degree  of 
Ph.  D.     In  1880,  he 
delivere  d,    at    the 
Lowell    Institute,    a 
course  of  lectures  on 
the   "  English    Colo- 
nies    of     .America," 
which    were     subse- 
quently published  by 
Harper    Brothers. 
.Among  Mr.  Lodge's 
other    w  e  1 1-k  n  o  w  n 
produc  t  i  o  n  s    are: 
"  Life  and  Letters  of 
(ieorge     Cabot" 
(Boston,    1877); 
"  Lives  of  Alexander 
Hamilton,     Daniel 
Webster,  and  George 
Washington,"  in  the 
American  Statesman 
Series  ;    "  Studies    in 
History"   (lioston, 
1884)  ;     History    of 
Boston,  in  "  Historic 

Cities"  (Longmans,  London  and  New  York,  i8go)  ; 
"Speeches"  (Boston,  1891)  ;  and  "Historical  and 
Political  Essays"  (Boston,  1892).  He  has  edited  two 
series  of  "Popular  Tales"  and  one  volume  of  selected 
"Ballads  and  Lyrics"  (Boston,  18S1).  He  has  also 
edited  the  works  of  Alexander  Hamilton  (nine  volumes. 
New  York,  1885).  As  a  historian  Mr.  Lodge  is  remark- 
able for  his  impartiality.  He  has  also  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  periodical  literatute  upon  a  great  variety 


HENRY   CABOT    LODGE 


of  subjects.  In  politics  his  career  has  been  as  brilliant 
as  in  letters.  His  political  experience  began  in  1879, 
when  he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  House  of 
Representatives.  He  was  re-elected  the  following  year. 
In  1880  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican 
Convention,  and  was  an  energetic  supporter  of  Garfield. 
He  was  chosen  as  member  of  the  Republican  State 
Committee  in  the  same  year,  and  was  its  chairman  in 
1883,  during  the  famous  campaign  in  which  Butler  was 

defeated.    Mr.  Lodge 
threw    himself     into 
the    work    and     ob- 
tained for  the  Repub- 
licans a  victory  over 
the  most  adroit  and 
successful    politician 
in  this  country.     He 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Republican 
Convention  of  1884, 
and  was  one  of   the 
leaders  of  that  body. 
Though  not  advocat- 
ing  the    nomination 
of     Mr.     Blaine,    he 
worked    strenuous  1  y 
for    the    election    of 
the  Republican  can- 
didates.    He    was 
nominated    for  Con- 
gress   in    1884,    but, 
failing     of     election, 
was    re-noni  i  n  a  t  e  d 
and  elected  in   18S6, 
and   has   since  bee+i 
re-elected    three 
times   in  succession. 
His    work    in    Con- 
gress   is   familiar    to 
all.     In  his  first  ses- 
sion he  became  a  power  on  the  floor  of  the  House,  and 
by  his  familiarity  with  the  subjects  under  discussion,  his 
earnestness  of  purpose  and  irrefutable  logic,  he  digni- 
fied  and    most   worthily    illustrated    the    title,    at    first 
intended  as  a  slur,  —  "the  scholar  in  politics."     He  is, 
perhaps,  best  known  as  the  author  of  the  Federal  Elec- 
tions   Bill.     He  was   married,  in   1871,  to   Miss   Anna 
Cabot    Davis,  daughter   of    Rear   .\dmiral    Charles    H. 
Davis,  and  has  two  sons  and  one  daughter. 


52 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM     COGSWELL,     who     represents     the 
Seventh    Massachusetts    District   in  Congress, 
has  performed   conspicuous  service   in  many  fields  of 
acti\ity,  having  won  distinction  in  war  and  been  prom- 
inent in  the  Republican  politics  of  State  and  nation. 
He  was  born  in  Bradford,  Essex  County,  Aug.  23,  1838, 
the    son   of    George   and    Abigail    (Parker)    Cogswell. 
Receiving  his  preliminary  education   in  the  schools  of 
Bradford,  Atkinson  Academy,   N.   H.,   Kimball   Union 
Academy,     Meriden, 
N.   H.,   and   Phillii;)s 
Academv,     Andover, 
he   entered   Dart- 
mouth     College     in 
1855.     He    did    not 
finish  his  college 
course,  however,  but 
went    to    sea   before 
the  mast  and   sailed 
round  the  world.    On 
his  return  he  took  a 
course    in    the    Har- 
\ard    Law  School, 
graduating    in    i860. 
He  at  once  opened 
a  law  office  in  Salem, 
and     in     1866    he 
opened  another  office 
in    Boston,    and    has 
remained    in    active 
practice    u])    to    the 
present     time.      His 
military  record  from 
April,    1 86 1,   to   July 
25,  1865,  is  one  un- 
broken  series   of 
earned  pro  motion. 
He  was  first  captain, 
then  lieutenant- 
colonel   and   colonel 

of  the  Second  Regiment,  Massachusetts  \olunteers,  and 
finally  brevet  brigadier-general,  United  States  Volunteers, 
and  by  special  order  oT  the  war  department  he  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Third  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Twentieth  .Army  Corps.  He  had  two  years  of 
service  in  the  .Armv  of  the  Potomac,  and  two  more  in 
the  \Vestern  Army  under  Generals  Thomas  and  Sherman. 
He  was  commandant  of  Atlanta  while  it  was  helil  by  the 
Union  troops  in  the  fall  of  1864,  and  he  participated  in 


WILLIAM     COGSWELL 


the  famous  march  from  .\tlanta  to  the  sea.  He  was 
mayor  of  Salem  in  1867,  1868,  and  1869,  and  again 
in  1873  and  1874  ;  member  of  the  Massachusetts  House 
of  Representatives  in  1870,  1871,  1881,  1882,  and  1883  ; 
and  of  the  State  Senate  in  1885  and  1886  ;  was  depart- 
ment commander  of  Massachusetts,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  in  1870,  and  also  on  the  national  staff  of  the 
Grand  Army  :  charter  member  and  vice-commander  of 
the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  Commandery 

of  Massach  u  s  e  1 1  s  ; 
and  member  of  the 
board  of  advisers  of 
the  Children's  Friend 
and  Seamen's  Orphan 
Society,  Salem.  In 
1886,  (ieneral  Cogs- 
well was  elected  to 
Congress,  and  served 
on  the  Committee  on 
Rivers  and  Harbors. 
He  was  re-elected  in 
^^W  1888,  1890  and  1892. 

^/^M  In    the    Fifty-second 

Congress  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Ap- 
propriations, District 
of  Col  u  m  b  i  a,  and 
Columbian  Exposi- 
tion committees.  As 
a  delegate  to  the  Na- 
t  i  o  n  a  1  Republican 
Conxention  in  1892, 
he  was  one  of  the 
most  ardent  and  in- 
fluential of  the  sup- 
porters of  President 
Harrison's  renomina- 
tion.  (leneral  Cogs- 
well has  enjoyed  the 
confide  nee  of  the 
President,  and  has  been  considered  in  an  especial  sense 
as  the  representative  of  the  administration  in  Massachu- 
setts. He  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was 
Emma  'I'horndike,  daughter  of  Thorndike  and  Emma 
(Silsby)  Proctor,  of  Haverhill.  ( )f  this  imion  were  three 
children  :  \Mlliam,  Emma  Silsby,  and  Sarah  Parker 
Cogswell  (deceased).  Mrs.  Cogswell  died  April  1,1877. 
Mr.  Cogswell  was  married  again  in  Salem,  De<\  12,  1881, 
to  I'^-a  Maria,  daughter  of   Horatio  and  Lydia  Davis. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


53 


\ 


MOSES    TYLER    STEVENS,   who    represents   the 
fifth  Massachusetts  district  in  Congress,  is  one 
of   the  heaviest  woollen    manufacturers   in   the   United 
States.     He  is  also   the   first   Democrat  who   was    ever 
chosen  to  Congress  from  his  district.     He  was  born  in 
North  Andover,  Essex  County,  Oct.  lo,  1825,  the  son 
of  Nathaniel  and  Harriet  (Hale)  Stevens.     He  attended 
the  public  schools  and  fitted  for  college  in  the  Franklin 
Academy,  North   Andover,   and   in   Phillips   Academy, 
Andover,  from  which 
latter    institution   he 
was    gradu a t e d    in 
1842.     In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  he  en- 
tered   Da  r  t  m  o  u  t  h 

College,    but   at    the  •  ^   *••--" 

end  of  the  freshman  " 

year  he  left  his  col-  ..••,-■ 

legiate  course  to  en- 
gage in  business  with  ,-. 
his  father,  who  had 
been  manufacturing 
flannels  since  1813. 
In  1850  he  became 
a  partner  in  the 
business,  the  fir  m 
bein  g  Nathaniel 
Stevens  &  Son.  For 
twenty-si.\  years  the 
firm  continued,  being 
dissolved  in  1876. 
Mr.  Steven  s  then 
began  the  manufac- 
ture of  ladies'  dress 
goods,  and  continued 
in  business  alo  n  e 
until  1 886,  when  his 
sons,  Nathaniel  and 
Samuel  D.,  were  ad- 
mitted   as    partners. 

The  firm  name  was  then  changed  to  M.  T.  Stevens  & 
Sons,  the  house  operating  mills  at  North  Ando\er, 
Andover,  and  Haverhill,  Mass.,  and  Franklin,  N.  H. 
Mr.  Stevens  was  a  member  of  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature,  in  1861,  and  in  1S6S  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  In  1890  he  was  nominated 
for  Congress  by  the  Democrats  of  the  old  eighth  dis- 
trict, and  though  the  district  was.stronglv  Republican 
and  his  antagonist  was  the  brilliant  Congressman  Green- 


MOSES    T.     STEVENS 


halge,  yet  Mr.  Stevens  was  elected.  He  served  on  the 
Ways  and  Means  Committee  in  the  Fifty-second  Con- 
gress, and  introduced  the  bill  to  provide  for  the  placing 
of  wool  on  the  free  list.  He  is  the  most  prominent  of 
the  American  woollen  manufacturers  who  are  in  favor 
of  free  wool,  and  his  influence  has  been  powerful  in 
developing  the  sentiment  for  free  raw  materials  in  New 
England.  In  1892  Mr.  Stevens  was  re-elected  to  Con- 
gress  by   an    increased    majority.     He   has    numerous 

important  busine  s  s 
interests,  being  a 
director  of  the  An- 
dover National  Bank ; 
a  trustee  of  the  An- 
dover Savings  Bank ; 
^-. .  a     director     of     the 

Merrimac     Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany,  and  president 
jite  tip  of  the  Stevens  Linen 

Work  s,     Webster, 
,\^,j.  Mass.     Mr.    Stevens 

was  married  in  North 
Ando  V  e  r,  May  5 , 
1853,  to  Charlotte 
Emeline,  daugh  t  e  r 
of  Isaac  and  Char- 
lotte (Ad  am)  O  s- 
good.  Six  children 
are  the  issue  of  this 
marriage  :  Mary  O., 
Nathaniel,  Samuel  D., 
Virginia,  Helen,  and 
Moses  T.  Stevens,  Jr. 
Mr.  Stevens's  home 
is  in  his  native  town, 
North  Andover.  In 
charitable  work  of  all 
kinds  he  has  always 
taken  an  active  in- 
terest, having  established  several  years  ago,  on  the 
shores  of  Cochickewick  Lake  in  North  .Andover,  a  free 
summer  resort  for  poor  people.  In  religious  belief,  Mr. 
Stevens  is  a  L'nitarian,  being  treasurer  and  one  of  the 
chief  supporters  of  the  North  Parish  Church  of  North 
.Andover,  —  one  of  the  oldest  church  organizations  in 
New  England,  —  and  a  prominent  member  of  the  L^ni- 
tarian  Club,  in  the  striking  and  ornate  home  ot  which 
on  Beacon  Street  he  is  often  seen. 


54 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THERE   is  little  doubt   that    the    Bland   Silver   Bill 
would  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  Fifty-second  Congress  had  it  not  been  for  the 
determined  opposition  of   the  minority  of  the  coinage 
committee,  led  by  the  representative   from   the   ninth 
Massachusetts  district,  George  Fred  Williams.     He  was 
born  in  Dedham,  Mass.,  July  lo,  1852,  the  son  of  George 
W.  and  Henrietta  (Rice)  Williams.     On  his  father's  side 
he  is  of  German  and  French  descent,  while  his  mother 
belonged   to   an  old 
New  England  family. 
His    early  education 
was  obtained  in  pri- 
vate   schools  and  at 
the  Dedham  High 
School,    w  here    he 
jirepared  for  college. 
He  entered  Dart- 
mouth   in  1868,  but 
at    the    end  of   his 
freshman  year   he 
w  e  n  t   to    Germany, 
studying  in  Hamburg 
for   six   months  and 
spending   a    year   at 
the    universities    of 
Heidelberg  and  Ber- 
lin.    He  made  up  the 
college  studies  of  the 
sophomore     and 
junior   years,    re- 
e  n  t  ered   Dartmouth 
and    graduated   with 
his   class   in    1872. 
The  following  winter 
he   taught   school  in 
West  Brewster,  Mass., 
and  in  the  spring  and 
summer  of  1873  was 
a   reporter    o  n    t  h  e 

staff  of  the  Boston  Globe.  Having  taken  a  course  at 
the  Boston  University  Law  School,  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1875.  His  practice  has  grown  to  be  large  and 
remunerative.  He  edited  "  Massachusetts  Citations," 
and  volumes  ten  to  seventeen  of  the  "Annual  United 
States  Digest "  for  Little,  Brown  &  Co.  Mr.  Williams's 
active  political  life  began  in  1882,  and  in  the  following 
year  he  organized  the  Norfolk  Republican  Club,  one  of 
the    largest  jiolitical    clubs   in    the   State.     Joining   the 


GEORGE     FRED    WILLIAMS 


Lidejiendent  movement  upon  the  nomination  of  Mr. 
Blaine  in  1884,  he  was  one  of  the  Committee  on  Resolu- 
tions at  the  Independent  convention  held  at  New  York, 
and  was  an  active  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Com- 
mittee of  One  Hundred,  and  chairman  of  its  Executive 
Committee.  On  account  of  his  activity  in  that  campaign, 
Mr.  Williams  has  often  been  called  "  the  original  mug- 
wump." In  18S6,  he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives  as  a  Democrat,  and  was  one 

of  the  ablest  mem- 
bers of  that  b  o  d  y. 
After  a  spirited  cam- 
paign, he  was  elected 
to  Congress,  in  1890, 
from  the  ninth  dis- 
trict, succeeding  a 
-wMjj^^  Reiniblican.    His 

^H^^^  valuable    services  on 

^^^K  the    coinage  com- 

"'^  mittee  of  the  House 

and  his  courageous 
fight  against  the  free 
coinage  of  silver 
brought  him  into 
national  prominence. 
The  Massachusetts 
Reform  Club,  of 
which  he  has  been  a 
member  for  several 
years,  honored  him 
with  a  banquet  in 
April,  1892,  in  recog- 
nition of  his  congres- 
sional labors.  He 
has  been  secretary 
of  the  Dartmouth 
Alumni  Association 
of  Boston  and  is 
president  of  the 
Dartmouth  Club  of 
Boston.  In  1 886,  he  delivered  the  Fourth  of  July  ora- 
tion in  Boston  by  invitation  of  the  city,  and  in  1889  he 
delivered  an  address  before  the  faculty  and  students  of 
Dartmouth  College  on  the  centenary  anniversary  of  the 
inauguration  of  Washington.  Mr.  Williams  was  renom- 
nated  for  Congress,  in  1892,  but  the  State  having  been 
redistricted,  he  found  himself  in  an  overwhelmingly 
Republican  district,  and  was  defeated.  He  is  unmar- 
ried, and  lives  in  Dedham. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


55 


CONGRESSMAN  JOSEPH  HENRY  WALKER 
was  born  in  Boston,  Dec.  21,  1829,  the  son  of 
Joseph  and  Hannah  Chapin  ^\'alker.  The  family  moved 
to  Hopkinton  in  1830,  and  in  1843  to  Worcester.  Mr. 
Walker  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Hopkin- 
ton and  Worcester,  but  left  the  Worcester  High  School 
at  the  age  of  sixteen.  His  father  was  then  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  Joseph  worked 
in  the  factory.  In  1851  he  was  admitted  to  the  firm 
and  until  1887  con- 
tinued in  the  busi- 
ness, though  not 
associated  with  his 
father  after  1862. 
In  1862  Mr.  Walker 
began  manufacturing 
on  his  own  account, 
and  in  1864  took 
his  brother,  G.  M. 
Walker,  into  partner- 
ship. Their  specialty 
was  the  "Walker 
boot,"  which  had  a 
wide  reputation. 
The  firm  name,  J.  H. 
and  G.  M.  Walker, 
was  retained  until 
the  dissolut ion  in 
1888,  though  G.  M. 
Walker  retire  d  i  n 
1870.  Mr.  Walker 
still  retains  his  in- 
terest in  the  large 
leather  house  of  the 
Walker,  Oakley  Com- 
pany, of  Chicago. 
While  his  education 
did  not  extend  be- 
yond the  public 
schools,    Mr.  Walker 

has  always  been  a  close  student  of  books  and  of  men ; 
is  a  ready  and  eloquent  speaker,  and  writes  in  a  clear 
and  forcible  style.  He  has  spoken  and  written  exten- 
sively on  questions  of  trade,  banking,  and  coinage,  and 
published,  through  Houghton,  Mifflin  &:  Co.,  a  mono- 
graph on  "Money,  Trade,  and  Banking,"  which  attained 
a  wide  circulation.  He  served  in  the  Common  Council 
of  Worcester  twice,  being  president  of  the  board  in 
1869.     In  1879  and  1880  he  was  a  member  of  the  Mas- 


JOSEPH    H.    WALKER 


sachusetts  State  Legislature.  He  served  on  the  famous 
Retrenchment  Committee  in  1879,  was  chairman  of  the 
Public  Service  Committee  in  1880,  and  in  the  same  year 
was  a  strong  candidate  for  the  speakership.  He  has 
been  president  of  the  Worcester  Board  of  Trade,  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Trade  and  Exports 
of  the  National  Hide  and  Leather  Association,  and 
vice-president  of  the  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather 
Association.     Mr.  Walker  was  elected  to  the  Fifty-first 

Congress    from     the 
tenth    Massachusetts 
district  in  1888,  and 
was      re-elected      in 
1890,  and    again    in 
1892,  —  the  last  time 
from    the   third    dis- 
trict, which  contains 
the    old    tenth    dis- 
trict.    In    the    Fiftv- 
first      Congress      he 
made     a    reputation 
for    himself    by    his 
attitude  on  the  siher 
question,    and    by    a 
firm    advocacy    of 
sound  business  prin- 
ciples   in    financ:  i  a  1 
legislation.     He  is  a 
\igorous  and  logical 
debater.      Worcester 
Academy  owes  much 
of   its   present   pres- 
tige to  the  generosity 
of      J.    H.     Walker. 
He    not    only    gave 
liberally  and  induced 
others  to  do  so,  but 
he    gave    the    insti- 
tution the  benefit  of 
his  own    business 
sagacity,  and  so  aided  to  bring  it  to  a  prosperous  con- 
dition.     As  president  of  its  board  of  trustees  he  has 
devoted  much  of  his  time  to  its  welfare.     Mr.  Walker 
married,  in   1852,  Sarah  Ellen,  daughter  of  Jubal  Har- 
rington, of  AVorcester.     She  died  in   1859,  lea\ing  one 
daughter.     In  1S62  Mr.  Walker  married  Hannah  Kelley 
Spear,  of  New  Hampton,  N.  H.     They  have  two  sons, 
Joseph  and  George,  and  one  daughter,  Agnes,  wife  of 
Adam    D.  Claflin,  of  Newton 


^6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FREDERICK   SPAULDING    COOLIDGE,  of   Ash- 
bnrnham,   who    represents    the    eleventh    district 
in  Congress,  has  plaved  a  most  honorable  and  success- 
ful part  in  the  political  and  in  the  business  life  of  the 
Commonwealth.     He  was  born  in  Westminster,  Mass., 
Dec.  7,   1 84 1.     His    parents  were    Charles  and    Nancy 
Spaulding  Coolidge,  names  prominent  in  the  history  of 
Massachusetts  for  many  generations.     Like  the  majority 
of  men  who  have  pushed  their  way  to  an  honored  place 
in  life,  he  was  reared 
in    a    little    country 
town,    receiving    his 
educatioTi    in    the 
common    schools. 
The  liberal  education 
he    so     desired    has 
been  gained  through 
his  own  untiring  in- 
dustry.   He  possesses 
an    unusually    active 
mind  and  a  remark- 
ably retentive   mem- 
ory and  a  large  share 
of  genuine  New  Eng- 
land  common-sense. 
He    has    a   clear  in- 
sight  into  the  ques- 
tions of  the  day,  and 
Ijresents  his  views  in 
an  able,  businesslike 
manner  which  carries 
conviction.    Like  his 
father,  Mr.  Coolidge 
early  engaged  in  the 
manufacture    of 
chairs.    He  remained 
in  Westminster  until 
his    factory    was 
burned  in  1876.     He 
is  now  manager  of  the 

Boston  Chair  Company,  whose  works  are  at  Ashburnham, 
and  of  the  Leominster  Rattan  Works.  Mr.  Coolidge 
has  always  been  a  leader  in  [uiblic  affairs,  and  has  held 
many  offices  in  his  native  town  and  in  the  State.  He 
was  selectman  of  Westminster  for  three  years,  and  for 
the  same  length  of  time  was  a  member  of  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Central  Committee.  Mr.  Coolidge,  was 
elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature in  1875,  and  in    1888  was  a  candidate  for  presi- 


FREDERICK    S.    COOLIDGE 


(lential  elector  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  In  1890  he 
was  elected  to  the  Fifty-second  Congress,  over  two 
strong  candidates,  having  the  honor  of  being  the  first 
Democrat  to  represent  the  old  eleventh  district,  which 
had  always  been  overwhelmingly  Reimblican.  Mr.  Cool- 
idge was  fifty  years  old  the  day  the  Fifty-second  Con- 
gress opened,  being  the  youngest  man  from  his  district 
for  many  years.  In  Congress  he  served  on  the  Com- 
mittee on  Pacific  Railroads,  and  on  the  select  Committee 

on  Irrigation  of  Arid 
Lands  in  the  United 
States.    His  congres- 
sional   career    was 
highly  honorable  and 
won  for  him  the  re- 
spect and  admiration 
of    his    constituents, 
without    regard   to 
party.     He    received 
a  unanimous  renomi 
nation,  but   was    de- 
feated.     Mr.     Cool- 
idge has  always  been 
a   Democrat,  but  re- 
spects   the    opinions 
of    all,    and    never 
desires    to   force  his 
own  upon    others. 
Mr.    Coolidge    was 
married    in    1864   to 
Ellen    D.    Allen,    of 
Townshend,   Vt.  —  a 
woman   full  of   good 
works,     and     deeply 
interested  in  all  phil- 
anthropic    questions 
of    the    day.      They 
have   had  three  chil- 
dren, of  whom  a  son 
and    daughter    are 
now  living.     The  son  follows  his  father's  business,  and 
shares  also  his  interest  in  all  jiublic  questions  ;  the  daugh- 
ter has  just  been  graduated  from  Smith  College,  in  the 
class  of  '92.     Mr.  Coolidge  has  an  excellent  knowledge 
of  parliamentary  law,  and  has  been  many  times  modera- 
tor of  the  town  meetings  of  his  town.     He  is  a  director 
of  the  Wachusett  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  and 
is  connected  with  other  commercial  and  financial  inter- 
ests in  Ashburnham  and  Leominster. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


57 


LAW\^ER  and  representative,  John  Crawford  Crosby, 
of  the  first  congressional  district,  was  born  in 
Sheffield,  Mass.,  June  15,  1859  ;  w-as  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Pittsfield  ;  studied  law  and  graduated 
from  the  Boston  University  Law  School  ;  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law;  in  1885 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  of 
Pittsfield,  and  served  six  consecutive  years  in  that  office  ; 
in  1885  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives, and  r  e- 
elected  in  1886,  serv- 
ing each  year  on  the 
Committee  on  Rules 
and     Railroads ;     in 

1887  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Senate  and 
ser\  ed  pn  committees 
on  judiciary,  probate 
and  insolvency, 
and  constitutional 
amendment;      in 

1888  was  re-elected 
and  served  on  com- 
mittees on  probate 
and  insolvency  and 
mercantile  affairs, 
being  chairman  of 
both  comm  i  1 1  e  e  s  ; 
was  elected  to  the 
Fifty-second  Con- 
gre  s  s,  r  e  c  e  i  \  i  n  g 
12,106  votes.  Con- 
gressman Crosby's 
speeches  on  several 
occasions  received 
high  praise  e  v  e  n 
from  the  opposition 
press ;    his   work   on 

two  important  committees,  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
was  wisely  performed  ;  and  on  the  floor  of  the  House 
he  gained  a  reputation  for  faithful  and  valuable  service. 
Mr.  Crosby's  first  speech  was  on  the  Military  Appropri- 
ation Bill,  against  the  refusal  of  the  committee  to  a])pro- 
priate  money  for  increasing  the  lighting  facilities  at 
West  Point.  In  his  next  speech,  on  the  Wool  and 
Woollens  Bill,  he  took  ground  in  fa\or  of  tariff  reform 
and  incidentally  against  the  free  coinage  of  silver.     In 


JOHN    C.    CROSBY 


a  speech  on  the  Post-office  Appropriation  Bill,  Mr. 
Crosby  opposed  the  attempt  to  reduce  the  amounts 
l)aid  for  carrying  mail  over  land  grant  railroads.  He 
also  ad\"ocated  an  appropriation  looking  towards  free 
delivery  in  rural  districts.  He  favored  reasonable 
appropriation  for  carrying  on  the  postal  service,  and 
opposed  the  River  and  Harbor  Bill.  Congressman 
Crosby  introduced  more  bills  and  petitions  than  any 
other  member  from  Massachusetts.     He  was  present  at 

every  roll-call.      He 
introduced    the  Port 
Hudson   Forlorn 
Hope      Medal     Bill, 
providing  for  govern- 
ment    fulfilment     of 
the  promise  made  by 
General  N.  P.  Banks  ; 
a   bill   providing   for 
compensat  i  n  g     the 
Springfield    armorers 
in  the  matter  of  back 
pay,  and    a  bill  pro- 
viding  for   the   con- 
solidation    of     third 
and  fourth  class  mail 
matter.     He    intro- 
duced a  bill  for  put- 
ting  foreign  postage 
stamps   on    the    free 
list,  and   a  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  sale  of 
lands    in    Springfield 
which  had   been  left 
to     the    government 
by     devise,    which 
could    not    be    sold 
except  under  special 
Act    of    Congress. 
He    introduced    sev- 
eral private    pension 
bills,  in  cases  not  covered  by  the  general  law.     He  also 
introduced  a  bill  providing  for  military  telegraph  lines, 
to    connect  military  posts  by  underground  wires.     He 
was  identified  with  the  bills  reclassifying  and  increasing 
the  salaries  of  letter-carriers  and  of  railway  mail  clerks. 
He  favored  an  appropriation   for   experiments    in  free 
delivery  of  mail  in  rural  districts.     Congressman  Crosby 
is  a  member  of  the  committees  on  post-offices  and  post- 
roads,  and  on  military  affairs. 


58 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FOREMOST  among   the    judges    of   the    Common- 
wealth, not  alone  by  reason  of  his  high  position, 
but  as  well  because  of  a  long-recognized  merit,  stands 
Walbridge  Abner  Field,  chief   justice  of  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court.     Fortunate  in  the  outward  circumstances 
of  his  birth  and  breeding,  he  is  the  product  of  a  sterling 
New  England  ancestry,  his  father's  parents  coming  from 
Rhode  Island  and  his  mother's  from  Connecticut.     He 
was  born  in  Springfield,  Windsor  County,  Vt.,  April  26, 
1833.     That    little 
western    Switzerland 
has  bred  eminent 
statesmen,    teachers, 
lawyers,  and  mer- 
chants    in     singular 
profusion.     Re  a  r  e  d 
amid  the  invigorating 
influences  and  stimu- 
lating charms  of  such 
a  locality,  Mr.  Field 
had    the    advantages 
of  academic  training 
and  collegiate  educa- 
tion.    At  the  age  of 
twenty-two  he  grad- 
uated   with    high 
honors    from    Dart- 
mouth  College,    and 
the    next    two   years 
remained  as  tutor  in  : 

that    institution.  j 

Then,  after  taking  up  ' 

the  study  of  law  for  a 
time,  he  returned  to 
Dartmouth  to  teach 
mathematics  a  year, 
after  which  he  came 
to  Boston  to  pursue 
his  legal  studies  at 
the    Harvard    Law 

School  and  in  the  office  of  Harvey  Jewell.  Admitted  to 
the  bar  in  i860,  he  began  practice  immediately  in  Mr. 
Jewell's  office.  Here  he  remained  until  1865.  Then  he 
was  successively  assistant  United  States  district  attorney 
for  Massachusetts  four  years,  under  Richard  H.  Dana 
and  George  S.  Hillard,  and  assistant  attorney-general 
of  the  United  States,  under  E.  Rockwood  Hoar,  for 
about  one  year.  Tiring  of  public  station,  he  resigned  in 
August,   1870,   returned  to   Boston   and   formed  a  law 


WALBRIDGE    A.    FIELD. 


partnership  with  Mr.  Jewell  and  William  Gaston,  under 
the  name  of  Jewell,  Gaston  &  Field.  After  Mr.  Gaston 
became  governor  of  Massachusetts,  Edward  O.  Shepard 
was  taken  into  the  partnership,  and  the  firm  name  be- 
came Jewell,  Field  &  Shepard,  and  so  remained  until 
Governor  Long  appointed  Mr.  Field  associate  justice  of 
the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  in  February,  1881.  In  1890, 
upon  the  resignation  of  Chief  Justice  Morton,  Governor 
Brackett  appointed  Judge  Field  to  the  chief  justiceship. 

The  choice  gave  uni- 
versal satisfaction  to 
both  bench  and  bar. 
Chief   Justice    Field 
was  a  member  of  the 
Boston  School  Board 
in    1863    and    1S64, 
and   of    the    Boston 
Common  Council 
from  1865  until  1867. 
In   1876,  he  was  de- 
clared elected  to  Con- 
gress from  the  Third 
Massachusetts    D  i  s- 
trict,  but  the  election 
was   contested,    and 
after  about  one  year's 
service    he   was   un- 
seated.    In   1878  he 
was  again  a  candidate 
from    the    same  dis- 
trict, was  elected  and 
served  his  term  with- 
out contest.    In  1869 
he   was    married    to 
Eliza    E.    McLoon, 
who  died  in  March, 
1877,  and  by  whom 
he    had    two    daugh- 
ters.     I  n    October, 
1882,    he    married 
Frances  E.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Nathan  .■\.    Farwell,    of 
Rockland,    Me.     Chief   Justice    Field   was    one  of   the 
judges  who  tried  the  famous  Robinson  poisoning  case 
in  Middlesex  County.     He  has  written  many  important 
decisions  which  have  established  for  him  an    enviable 
reputation  among  the  judges  of  the  country.     His  chief 
characteristics  as  a  judge  are  profound  learning,  keen 
perception,    an    unbending    integrity,    and    nn    unusual 
degree  of  fairness. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


59 


WITHOUT  the  advantages  of  a  collegiate  train- 
ing, by  industry,  manly  endeavor  and  faithful 
stewardship  in  offices  of  trust  and  influence,  Chief 
Justice  Albert  Mason  of  the  Massachusetts  Superior 
Court,  has  reached  a  high  position  in  the  profession  of 
his  choice.  Just  in  the  prime  of  life,  with  all  its 
gathered  and  matured  forces  under  complete  control, 
wanting  neither  the  vigor  nor  the  judgment  of  age,  he 
has  come  to  the  foremost  rank.  The  son  of  Albert  T. 
and  Arlina  (Orcutt) 
Mason,  he  was  born 
in  Middleboro,  Mass., 
Nov.  7,  1836.  He 
received  such  ed- 
ucation as  could  be 
obtained  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  that 
day,  and  in  Pierce 
Academy  in  Middle- 
boro. Upon  the  com- 
pletion of  his  school- 
ing, he  studied  law 
in  the  office  of  Ed- 
ward L.  S  h  er  m  a  n, 
at  Plymouth,  and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  i860,  begin- 
ning practice  in  that 
town.  His  legal 
practice  was  inter- 
rupted in  1862,  ;  he 
entered  the  Thirty- 
eighth  Massachusetts 
Regiment  as  second 
lieutenant,  was  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant,  and 
subsequently  com- 
missioned captain 
and  assistant  quarter- 
master. Returning  to  Plymouth  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  service,  in  1865,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  served  as  chairman  of  the  Plymouth 
Board  of  Selectmen  from  1866  to  1874,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in 
1873  and  1874,  easily  taking  rank  as  an  influential  and 
most  useful  member,  and  serving  on  some  of  the  more 
important  committees.  In  1874  he  opened  a  law  office 
in  Boston  with  Charles  H.  Drew,  and  later  in  the  same 


ALBERT    MASON. 


year  formed  a  partnership  with  Arthur  Lord.  Subse- 
quently Benjamin  R.  Curtis,  late  judge  of  the  Municipal 
Court  in  Boston,  was  admitted  to  the  firm,  which  had 
offices  both  in  Plymouth  and  in  Boston.  In  July,  1874, 
Mr.  Mason  removed  his  residence  to  Brookline,  where 
he  still  lives.  In  December,  1874,  he  was  appointed  on 
the  State  Board  of  Harbor  Commissioners,  and  he  con- 
tinued on  the  succeeding  boards,  with  various  changes 
of  title,  till  his  selection  by  Governor  Long,  in  February, 

1862,  as  an  associate 
justice  of  the  Supe- 
rior   Court.     From 
that    time    until     his 
promotion     to     the 
chief   justiceship   by 
Governor     Brackett, 
in  September,   1890, 
he   filled  a  place  on 
the  bench  with  ever 
increasing    influence 
and     fame,     which 
have  been  augmented 
by    the    manner    in 
which    he    has    per- 
formed the  duties  of 
his  higher  office.    An 
earnest  lover  of  work, 
he    spares   no    pains 
to    be    thorough    in 
the    investigation    of 
any    question     s  u  b- 
mitted  to  him.     Con- 
servati  v  e    without 
being  narrow  ;   inde- 
pendent   without  ar- 
rogance ;  with  quali- 
ties of    high  judicial 
merit ;  calm  in  tem- 
perament ;    quiet    in 
manner ;  pleasant  in 
speech,  he  possesses  a  large  measure  of  force  and  deter- 
mination.     In    his   rulings,   fair   but    decisive ;    in    his 
instruction    to  the  jury,  clear  and  apt,  but   never  volu- 
minous, he  is  capable  of  a  long  and  honorable  career. 
He  is  admired  and  respected  by  the  members  of  the 
bar,  to  whom  his  appointment  was  a  source  of  great  sat- 
isfaction.   Chief  Justice  Mason  was  married  in  Plymouth 
in  1857,  to  Lydia  F.,  daughter  of  Nathan  Whiting.     By 
this  union  there  are  si.x  children. 


6o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HORACE  GRAY,  associate  justice  of  the  I'nited 
States  Supreme  Court,  lias  been  a  strilcing  figure 
in  the  judiciary  of  Massachusetts  for  nearly  thirty  years. 
He  was  born  in  Boston,  March  24,  1828,  his  father  being 
William  Gray,  a  man  prominent  in  Massachusetts.  After 
studying  with  competent  teachers  in  private  schools,  Mr. 
Gray  entered  Harvard,  and  graduated  in  1845.  At  that 
time  there  was  little  to  indicate  that  he  would  attain 
the  prominence  he  now  enjoys  as  a  lawyer  and  a  judge, 
for  he  was  most 
deeply  interested  in 
the  study  of  natural 
history.  When  he 
graduated  from  Har- 
vard he  was  only  six- 
teen years  of  age,  but 
a  splendid  specimen 
of  manhood.  He 
then  spent  some  time 
travelling  in  Europe, 
during  which  he 
\'  i  s  i  t  e  d  Norway, 
where  he  created 
comment  among  the 
rustics,  who  took  him 
for  a  representati\  e 
of  American  people, 
and  received  the  idea 
that  the  people  of 
this  country  were  all 
of  like  stature  and 
physical  develop- 
ment.  On  his  return 
he  entered  the  Dane 
Law  School,  and 
graduated  with  the 
degree  of  LL.  B.  He 
then  studied  in  the 
law  ofifices  of  William 
Sohier    and    John 

Lovell,  and  showed  marked  ability  in  his  grasp  of  the 
law.  Mttr  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1S51,  he  began 
practice  in  Boston,  and  six  years  later  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Hon.  H  Rockwood  Hoar.  In  1854,  Mr. 
Gray  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  Massachusetts  Judi- 
cial Supreme  Court,  which  position  he  held  until  1881. 
Gray's  Official  Reports  are  in  every  law  office.  The 
partnership  of  Gray  and  Hoar  was  dissolved  in  i860. 
Mr.  Gray  was  appointed  by  Governor  Andrew  a  justice 


HORACE    GRAY. 


of  the  Sujireme  Court  in  1864.  His  knowledge  of  the 
law,  clear  discernment,  and  great  ability,  made  liim  a 
prominent  figure  among  his  associates  ;  and  when,  on 
the  death  of  Chief  Justice  C'hapman,  in  1873,  he  was 
appointed  to  the  latter's  ])osition  by  Governor  Washburn, 
the  election  was  received  in  all  (juarters  with  favor.  Mr. 
Gray's  advancement  in  his  chosen  profession  has  been 
steady  ;  honors  have  come  in  regular  succession,  and  in 
every  position  he  has  displayed  great  ability.     When  he 

was  appointed  to  his 
present  position  in 
Dec.  20,  1881,  Mr. 
Gray  was  fifty-two 
years  of  age  and  un- 
married. On  June  4, 
1889,  he  renounced 
bachelor  life,  and  was 
married  to  Jeanette, 
daughter  of  the  late 
Stanley  Mathews, 
who  had  been  one  of 
Mr.  Gray's  fellow- 
associates.  The  wed- 
ding took  place  in 
Washington.  As  a 
writer  of  decisions, 
Mr.  Gray  stands  pre- 
eminent among  his 
associates  on  the 
same  bench,  espe- 
cially as  to  matters 
of  constitutional  law, 
where  general  his- 
torical information  is 
important,  and  in 
those  which  concern 
(  bartered  rights. 
One  of  the  most 
famous  cases  in  which 
Mr.  Gray  showed 
wonderful  ability  was  that  in  which  Boston  and  Lowell 
were  concerned  during  the  war  period.  In  his  early 
manhood,  Mr.  Gray  attended,  as  a  delegate,  the  first 
State  convention  of  the  Free-soil  party  in  1848,  and  was 
actively  associated  with  Charles  Sumner,  Charles  Francis 
Adams,  Henry  A\'ilson,  and  other  prominent  men  in  that 
movement.  Justice  Gray  has  by  his  dignity,  wide  ex- 
])erience,  integrity,  and  learning,  gained  a  high  jilace  on 
the  roll  of  American  jurists. 


WOMEN    OF     MASSACHUSETTS. 


WOMEN    OF   MASSACHUSETTS. 


As  the  gates  of  prejudice  have  been  gradually 
unbarred  to  the  admission  of  women,  they  have 
thronged  into  nearly  every  avenue  of  modern  business 
and  professional  activity,  and  the  much-derided  dream 
of  "  woman's  rights  "  is  becoming  a  reality.  In  Massa- 
chusetts, at  least,  they  are  using  their  rights  with  singular 
success.  Among  the  women  through  whose  efforts  this 
peaceful  revolution  has  been  effected  are  Mrs.  Julia 
Ward  Howe  and  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Livermore. 

The  first  named,  who,  apart  from  her  other  labors,  has 
achieved  a  personal  immortality  in  American  letters  by 
her  "  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic "  and  many  of  her 
lyrics,  has  been  identified  with  the  cause  of  woman  suf- 
frage since  1868.  As  a  member  of  women's  congresses, 
as  lecturer,  and  as  contributor  to  the  best  periodical 
literature,  she  has  been  for  nearly  twenty-five  years  a 
leader  in  the  woman's  movement.  Though  over  three 
score  and  ten  (she  was  born  in  1819),  her  pen  and  voice 
are  still  engaged  in  the  work. 

Mrs.  Mary  A.  Livermore  is  another  pioneer  in  the 
same  reform.  Hers  has  been  a  long  and  useful  life. 
Born  and  bred  in  Boston,  she  has  given  nearly  fifty  years 
to  public  work.  She  became  prominent  during  the 
Civil  War  in  connection  with  sanitary  work  and  hos])ital 
administration.  She  is  one  of  the  mainstays  of  the 
woman  suffrage  mo\ement,  and  for  many  years  was 
president  of  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union 
of  Massachusetts.  Her  best  known  book  is  "  My  Recol- 
lections of  the  War." 

Closely  allied  with  philanthropic  work  is  the  medical 
j)rofession,  and  many  women  physicians  and  surgeons  in 
Boston  have  demonstrated  their  fitness  for  a  calling 
which,  imtil  a  few  decades  ago,  was  closed  to  them.  Dr. 
Susan  E.  Crocker  is  one  of  these  women.  She  graduated 
from  the  Woman's  Medical  College  of  the  New  York 
Infirmary,  in  1874,  and  was  subsequently  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Lawrence  (Mass.)  General  Hospital,  its 
first  physician,  and  the  medical  and  surgical  supervisor 
of  all  its  departments.  Since  1888  she  has  lived  in 
Boston.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Medical 
Society,  the  New  England  Medical  Society,  and  the 
American  Medical  Association. 

iJj^Women  are  not  numerous  in  the  legal  profession,  but 
there  are  a  few  who  ha\  e  overcome  the  obstacles  and 
established  a  successful  practice.     Miss  Alice  Parker,  a 


native  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
California,  practised  there  a  year,  and  returned  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  1890.  She  has  a  general  practice  in  Boston, 
doing  a  large  amount  of  probate  work.  She  is  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  newspapers  and  magazines,  and  lec- 
tures on  laws  concerning  women. 

Miss  A.  M.  Lougee  is  one  of  the  many  conspicuous 
examples  in  Massachusetts  of  successful  business  women. 
She  has  been  in  commercial  life  since  1868,  and  has 
organized  a  large  business  for  the  manufacture  and  sale 
of  rubber  clothing,  being  at  present  treasurer  and  man- 
ager of  the  Clifton  Manufacturing  Company.  This 
company  gives  employment  to  about  two  hundred  and 
fifty  persons,  and  has  ten  salesmen  in  its  employ. 

The  president  of  the  New  England  Woman's  Press 
Association  is  Mrs.  Estelle  M.  H.  Merrill,  who  exchanged 
teaching  for  journalism  and  won  a  wide  reputation  by 
her  articles  in  the  Boston  G/cfie  over  the  /lom  de  plume 
of  "Jean  Kincaid."  She  has  been  president  of  the 
Wheaton  Alumna;  Association,  and  is  an  active  worker 
in  many  charitable  and  other  organizations. 

Of  the  living  women  singers  of  Massachusetts,  l,illian 
Nordica  is  perhaps  the  most  famous.  Her  debut  on  the 
concert  stage  was  made  in  Boston  in  1880,  and  on  the 
operatic  stage  in  New  York,  as  Margue'rite  in  "  P'aust," 
three  years  later.  Since  1884,  her  name  has  been  as 
familiar  in  Europe  as  in  America.  In  ])rivate  life  she  is 
Mrs.  Lillian  Norton  tiower,  her  husband  having  been  an 
aeronaut  who  lost  his  life  in  1886.  Since  then  she  has 
lived  abroad  nearly  all  the  time. 

Mary  Shaw  (Mrs.  De  Brissac)  began  her  histrionic 
career  at  the  Boston  Museum,  and  has  risen  in  the 
dramatic  profession  solely  by  the  force  of  her  own  will 
and  ability.  She  has  supported  Fanny  Davenport,  Mod- 
jeska,  Julia  Marlowe,  and  Helen  Barry  in  leading  roles, 
and  the  influence  of  her  strong,  pure  character  and  her 
brilliant  talents  has  been  widely  felt. 

The  Durgin  sisters  —  Miss  Harriet  Thayer  and  Miss 
Lyle  —  have  done  much  valuable  work  in  art.  They 
studied  in  Paris  from  1879  till  1886,  and  for  the  last  six 
years  have  lived  in  Boston.  Thev  have  both  exhibited 
at  the  Paris  Salon.  Miss  Lyle  Durgin's  specialty  is  por- 
trait work,  in  which  department  of  art  she  has  won 
deserved  recognition,  while  her  sister  has  taken  high 
rank  as  a  water-color  painter. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


63 


THE  largest  church  or  hall,  no  matter  where  it  is,  is 
always  crowded  when  Phillips    Brooks   preaches. 
On  business  and  on  professional  men,  on  student  and  on 
laborer,  on  skeptic  and  on  believer,  his  hold  is  equally 
strong.     He  once  wrote  to  the  secretary  of  his  class  at 
Harvard  :  "  I  have   no  history,  no  wife,  no  children,  no 
particular  honors,  no  serious  misfortunes,  and  no  ad\  en- 
tures  worth  speaking  of."     Very  particular  honors,  how- 
ever, have  been  showered  upon  him  since  those  words 
were  written,  and  this 
is  a  brief   outline  of 
his   career :   He  was 
born  in  Boston,  Dec. 
13,  1835,  the  son  of 
William    Gray    a  n  d 
Mary  Ann  (Phillips) 
Brooks.     On     both 
the  ]jaternal  and  the 
maternal    side   he    is 
descended     from 
Puritan     clergvme  n , 
on    his    father's   side 
from  Re\'.  John  Cot- 
ton, and  on  his  moth- 
er's   side    from    t  h  e 
Phillips  family  which 
founded     the     two 
famous     I'hiilips 
academies.      His 
father  was   for   fort\- 
years    a    hardware 
merchant  in  Boston, 
and    Bishop    Brooks 
is  one  of  four  broth- 
ers  ordained    to  the 
Episcopal     ministry. 
He  was  educated  at 
the    Boston    Latin 
School  and    at  Har- 
vard   College,  which 

he  entered  at  the  age  of  sixteen.  After  graduation,  in 
1855,  he  taught  a  year,  and  then  entered  the  Protestant 
F^piscopal  Theological  Seminary  at  Alexandria,  Va., 
being  ordained  in  1859.  Becoming  rector  of  the 
Church  of  the  Advent  in  Philadelphia,  and  three  years 
later  going  to  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  the 
same  city,  he  remained  there  until  i86g,  when  he  was 
called  to  Trinity  Church,  Boston.  For  twenty-two  years 
he  was  rector  of  Trinity,  and  in  i8gi  was  elected  bishop 


PHILLIPS    BROOKS. 


of  the  diocese  of  Massachusetts.  He  had  declined 
many  calls  while  at  Trinity  —  in  1881  to  the  Plummer 
professorship  in  Har\ard  College,  and  later  the  office  of 
assistant  bishop  of  Pennsylvania.  In  1880,  in  1882-83, 
and  again  in  1892,  he  was  in  England,  where  his  poi)u- 
larity  is  as  great  as  in  America.  He  has  also  extended 
his  travels  to  India,  China,  and  Japan.  Of  Bishop 
Brooks's  characteristics  as  a  preacher,  the  first  quality 
that  strikes  a  hearer  is  his  copiousness.     He  is  like  a 

colossal   reservoir 
that  seems  full  almost 
to     bursting.      The 
parting  of  his  lips  is 
like  the    breaking 
open   of    a    safety 
\alve  by  the  seething 
thoughts   and  words 
behind,  and  out  they 
rush,  so  hot  in  their 
chase  the  one  of  the 
other,   that  at    times 
they    appear    to    be 
almost  side  by  side. 
From  the  abrupt  be- 
ginning to  the  abrupt 
end  he  simply  pours 
out  his  words.   Great 
torrents  and  wa\  es  of 
ajipeal  and  aspiration 
and    eloquence    rise 
and    fall,    and    whirl 
and    eddy,    through- 
out  the   church,    till 
they  seem  to  become 
almost    visible    a  n  d 
tangible  and  to  beat 
upon    the    eyes    and 
foreheads  of  his  hear- 
ers, as  they  do  against 
their    hearts.     He 
wrote  his  first  sermon  at  the  theological  school,  on  "  The 
simplicity  that  is  in  Christ,"  of  which  he  himself  says 
that  a  classmate  criticised  it  by  saying  "  there  was  very 
much    simplicity  in    it,    and    no   Christ."     But   Bishop 
Brooks's  sermons  are  full  of  humanity,  broad,  tender,  and 
helpful.     He  has  been  said  by  an  eminent  theologian  to 
occupy   a    middle   ground   between    Unitarianism    and 
Orthodoxy,  and  that  he  thus  reaches  the  ears  of  both 
as  no  other  living  preacher  does. 


64 


A/ASSAc//rsErrs  of  to-day. 


M" 


:)S'r  rf:v.  john  j.  Williams,  fourth  bishop 

and  first  archbishop  of  Boston,  was  born  in  that 
city  Ajjril  27,  1822.     His  early  education  was  received 
in  the  public  schools  of   Boston,  and  his  classical  and 
ecclesiastical  studies   were    made    at   Montreal   and   at 
St.  Sulpice,  Paris.     He  was  ordained  priest  by  Bishop 
Fenwick,  in    1843,  and   immediately  entered  upon  the 
work  of  assisting  in  the  care  of  the  spiritual  needs  of 
the  Catholics  of  the  city  and  diocese,  being  stationed  at 
first  at  the  Cathedral, 
which  was  then,  and 
up  to  i860,  on  Frank- 
lin Street.     In    1852 
Father  \\'illiams  took 
charge  of  the  chapel 
on     Beach     Street, 
where  were  first  gath- 
ered    together,     two 
years     before,    the 
Catholic   residents 
of     that    quarter    of 
the     city.      During 
the    three    years    he 
ministered    to    this 
congregation    it     in- 
creased   so   in    num- 
bers   as    to     outgrow 
the   capacity   of    the 
chapel    and    to    de- 
mand a  commodious 
church,  its  wants    in 
this    direction    being 
met  by  the  erection 
of    the    first    church 
of  St.  James,  on  the 
lorner  of  Albany  and 
Har\ard  streets,  Bos- 
ton, the  site  of  which 
is    now  occupied   by 
the     Boston     and 

.\lbany  Railroad.  On  Jan.  20,  1855,  he  became  rector 
of  the  Cathedral  and  filled  this  important  office  until 
1857,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  Church  of  St.  James, 
the  charge  to  the  early  growth  and  development  of 
which  he  had  contributed  so  much.  He  was  vicar- 
general  during  the  last  years  of  the  life  of  Bishop  Fit/,- 
patrick,  was  administrator  of  the  diocese  during  the 
hitter's  extended  visit  to  Euro[)e  in  search  of  health, 
and,  Jan.  19,  1866,  was  appointed  coadjutor  with  right 


JOHN    JOSEPH     WILLIAMS. 


of  succession,  l>eing  named  Bishop  of  'i'ripoli  in partiluis 
ill  fiiieliiim.     Bishop  Fitzpatrick  died  Feb.  13,  1866,  and 
his  successor  was  consecrated  bishop  of  Boston,  March 
II,  1866.     In  1875  Boston  was  elevated  to  the  dignity 
of  a  metropolitan  see,  and  on  May  2,  of  that  year,  Bishop 
^^'illiams   received   the    pallium   of   an   archbishop,   the 
ceremony  of  conferring  the  same   being  performed  by 
the  late  Cardinal  McCloskey.     The  work  of  the  church 
in  Boston  has  fructified  abundantly  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  .Archbishop 
Williams  ;   the   Cath- 
olic   population    has 
grow  n    a  n  il     n  e  w 
churches  ha\e  arisen 
to  accommodate  the 
growth.      The    very 
year    that    witnessed 
the  ele\ation  of  Bos- 
ton   i  n  t  o    an    arch- 
bishoiiric     also    wit- 
nessed   the    dedica- 
tion   of    the    new 
Cathedral,  which  was 
solemnly  devoted   to 
Catholic      worship 
Dec.  8,    1875.     This 
marked  the  practical 
completion  of  one  of 
the    crowning   labors 
of    the    archbishop's 
life,  and   the   impos- 
ing edifice  will  always 
be   a   monument    to 
his    zeal,    and    an 
honor   to  his  people 
and  to  the  city.     He 
has    introduced    into 
his    archdiocese    the 
Sisters   of   the  Good 
Shepherd   and   Little 
Sisters  of  the  Poor,  and  the  Redemptorist  and  Oblate 
Fathers,  while  he  has  greatly  advanced  the  interests  of 
the  benevolent    institutions  under   his    care.      Next   to 
the  building  of  the  Cathedral,  as  an  evidence  of  what 
he  has  accomplished,  stands  St.  John's  Diocesan  Semi- 
nary at  Brighton,  conducted  by  the    Sulpician  Fathers 
for  the  preparation  of  candidates  for  the  priesthood,  and 
which  will  always  honor  the  memory  of  its  distinguished 
founder  and  Boston's  present  zealous  archbishop. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


65 


TWENTY-THREE  years  of   reform   and    new   con- 
struction in  Har\ard  University  ha\ e  been  fruitful 
in  educational  improvements  for  the  whole  country.     To 
Charles  William  Eliot,  its  present  president,  is  due  a 
part  of  the  credit  for  the  best  two  decades  of  the  uni- 
versity.     President    Eliot,    the    son   of    Samuel   Atkins 
Eliot,  a  former  mayor  of  Boston  and  a  former  treasurer 
of   Harvard  University,  was  born   in   Boston,  March  20, 
1834,  was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Public  Latin  School, 
and  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  in  1853.  He 
was  a  pupil  of  Profes- 
sor Benjamin  Peirce 
in  mathematics,  and 
of  Professor  Josiah  P. 
Cooke  in  chemistry. 
In  1854   he  was  ap- 
pointed    tutor    in 
mathematics  in  Har- 
vard College,  and  in  -        _,.^ 
1858    assistant    pro- 
fessor   of    m  a  t  h  e- 
matics    and  chemis- 
try.    In  1 86 1  he  was 
placed  in    charge  of 
the  chemical  depart- 
ment  of    the    Law- 
rence    S  c  i  e  n  t  i  fi  c 
School.    His  appoint- 
ment expiring  bv 
limitation   in    186  3, 
he    spent    the    years 
1863-65  in  Europe  in 
the  study  of  advanced 
chemistry  and  in  the 
examination    of   sys- 
tems   of    public    in- 
struction  in   France, 
Germany,  and    I'^ng- 
land,  and  on  his  re- 
turn was  appointed  professor  of  analytical  chemistry  in 
the  Massachusetts    Institute  of   Technology,    then    first 
organized  as  a  technical  school.      At  commencement, 
1868,  he  was  chosen  by  the  alumni  of  Harvard  College 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Overseers.     In  1868  Rev.  Dr. 
Thomas  Hill  resigned  the   presidency  of  Harvard  L'ni- 
versity,  and  in   1869  Mr.  Eliot  was  chosen  to  the  ofifice 
against  a  vigorous  opposition  in  the  Board  of  Overseers. 
The  most  notable  change  in  Harxard  College  since  his 


CHARLES    W,    ELIOT 


ad\ent  is  that  the  elective  system  has  completely  su])- 
planted  the   old-time    curriculum.     In   the  professional 
departments  of   the  university  the   standards  of  admis- 
sion and  graduation  have  been   much  advanced.     The 
(Iraduate  School  in  Arts  and  Sciences  has  been  created. 
In  i86g  there  were  in  all  deijartments  one  thousand  and 
fifty  students;  in  1892,  two  thousand,  nine  hundred  and 
sixty-eight,  beside  about  five  hundred  in   the   summer 
courses.     The  number  of  professors  and  other  instruc- 
tors has    proportion- 
ately   increased.     In 
1868-69     the    gross 
income  proper  (apart 
from   gifts    and    be- 
quests)   was   $325,- 
846.21  ;    in   1890-91 
it   was    $966,026.50. 
President    Eliot    re- 
cei\ed  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  from  Williams 
and  Princeton   in 
1869,  and  from  Yale 
in    1870.      He    is   a 
Fellow  of  the  Ameri- 
can    Philosop  h  i  c  a  1 
Society,   the    Ameri- 
can  A  c  a  d  e  m  y   o  f 
Arts    and    Sciences, 
and    the    Massachu- 
setts    Historical 
Society.     Many    o  c- 
I  asional     addresses 
have    been  given  by 
him,    notably    those 
at_    the    first    com- 
mencement of  Smith 
College,  at  the  inaug- 
uration of  Daniel  C. 
(lilman  as   president 
of     Johns     Hopkins 
I'niversity,  at  the  oijening  of  the  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  of  New  York,  and  before  the  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  Society  in  Cambridge  in  1888.     His  brief  remarks 
at  the  Museum  were  described  by  Professor  Youmans  as 
"  having  summed  up  in  a  few  lines  the  greatest  charac- 
teristics  of    modern    sciences."     President    I'liot   is   a 
frequent  speaker  at  educational  gatherings  and  before 
literary  clubs,  and  is  always  a  welcome  guest  at  univer- 
sity dinners.     His  published  works  are  widely  read. 


66 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAMS   COLLEGE,  one  of  the  leading  edu- 
cational institutions  of  the  State  and  country 
and  the  alma  mater  of  men  prominent  in  the  history  of 
the  nation,  is  located  at  Williamstown,  the  most  north- 
western town  in  the  State.     The  college  was  founded  by 
Colonel   Ephraim   Williams,  who  fell  in  battle  at   Lake 
George  in    1755,  and  was  chartered  in   1793.     The  in- 
stitution has   grown  very    rapidly   during  the   adminis- 
tration  of    President    Carter,    and    last   )'ear   had    354 
students    enrolled 
against  227   in   188 1, 
while  the  whole  num- 
ber  of    graduates   is 
nearly    3,500.      The 
invested   funds    of 
the    c  o  1 1  e  g  e    n  o  w 
amount  to  §835,954, 
and    the   annual    in- 
come   is     $81,128. 
The     total    financial 
gain  since  President 
Carter  assumed  con- 
trol is  $1,000,000,  of 
which    nearly  $500,- 
000    is   in   buildings 
and   land.     Franklin 
Carter,    the    son    of 
Preser\e   Wood    and 
Ruth  Wells  (Holmes) 
Carter,   was  born   at 
Waterbury,  Ct.,  Sept. 
30,    1837.     He    was 
married     to     Sarah 
Leavenworth,  daugh- 
ter of  Charles  I)en- 
ison  Kingsbury,  Feb. 
24,    1863,    and    four 
children    have    been 
born     to    them.      .K 
boarding  school  fur- 
nished the  beginning  of   President  Carter's   education, 
followed  later  by  a  course  of  study  at  Phillips  Academy, 
Andover,  whence  he  graduated  as  valedictorian  of   his 
class.     He  entered  Yale  the  same  year,  1855,  but  after 
remaining  two  years  was  compelled  to  leave  on  account 
of  ill  health.     He  travelled  for  three  years  and  entered 
Williams  College  in   i860,  graduating   two   years  later. 
He  was  appointed   professor   of   Latin   and   French   in 
1863,   but    travelled    in    Europe    for    eighteen   months 


FRANKLIN     CARTER 


before  entering  upon  his  duties.  In  1872  he  was 
chosen  to  the  chair  of  German  literature  at  Yale,  and 
occupied  the  position  for  nine  years,  or  until  he  was 
elected  president  of  Williams  College,  in  188 1.  In  1883 
President  Carter  also  assumed  the  duties  of  a  professor- 
ship in  theology.  Several  colleges  have  honored  him 
by  granting  him  degrees.  He  received  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
from  Williams,  1862  ;  A.  M.  from  Dickinson,  1863,  Wil- 
liams,  1865,  Yale,  1874;    Ph.  D.  from  Williams,   1877, 

and     LL.    D.     from 
LTnion,  1881.     Presi- 

.  dent  Carter  has  also 

done     considerable 
work,  other  than  that 
connected   with    the 
colleges,  with    which 
he    has    been    asso- 
ciated.     He    was 
president  of  the  Gos- 
pel  Union    at    New 
Haven    for    three 
years,  and  chairman 
of   the   International 
Committee  of  Work 
for  Boys  ;  is  a  trustee 
of  Andover  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  and  of 
Clarke    Institution 
for    Deaf    Mutes    at 
Northampton,    and 
Fellow  of  the  Amer- 
ican  Academy.     He 
was  also  president  of 
the    Modern    Lan- 
guage Association  of 
America   from    1884 
to  1886.     Dr.  Carter 
has  also  found   time 
to  add  not  a  little  to 
the    world    of    litera- 
ture, although  almost  all  of  it  has  been  done  for  the  maga- 
zines.   Among  his  articles  are  "The  New  Translations  of 
I,aocoon,"  "  Mr.  Lettsom's  Version  of  the  Middle  Ger- 
man Epic,"  "Recent  Faust  Literature,"  "Science  and 
Poetry,"  "  Bayard  Taylor,  Posthumous  Books,"  "The  Col- 
lege as  Distinguished  from  the  University,"  "  Iphigenie 
auf  Tauris,"  "A  Biography  of  Mark  Hopkins,"  "Sketch 
of    the    Character   of    Dr.  E.  S.  Bell,"    "Two   Clerman 
Scholars  on  one  of  Goethe's  Masquerades." 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TU-DAY. 


67 


AMHERST  COLLEGE,  which  ranks  next  to  Yale 
and  Harvard  among  the  colleges  of  New  England, 
was  established  in  182 1  and  chartered  four  years  later. 
It  has  sixteen  buildings,  besides  the  ten  fraternity 
houses  for  students'  use ;  a  library  of  sixty  thousand 
volumes,  fine  laboratories  and  collections,  and  a  gymna- 
sium with  an  athletic  field ;  three  hundred  and  ninety 
students  and  thirty  professors.  Among  its  prominent 
graduates  in  the  ministry  have  been  Henry  Ward 
Beecher,  Richard 
Salter    Storrs,     Ros- 

well    D.    Hitchcock,  

and  Charles  H.  Park- 
hurst.  Merrill  Ed- 
ward Gates,  Ph.  D., 
LL.  D.,  L.  H.  D., 
the  sixth  president 
of  Amherst  College, 
was  born  at  \\'arsaw, 
N.  Y.,  April  6,  1848. 
His  father  was  Hon. 
Seth  M.  Gates,  a 
noted  anti-slavery 
member  of  Congress 
from  1837  to  1841  ; 
while  his  mother  was 
a  descendant  of  Rev. 
Jonathan  Edwa  r  d  s, 
the  celebrated  New 
Pv  n  g  1  a  n  d  divine. 
President  Gates  was 
married  to  Mary  C. 
Bishop,  daughter  of 
Hon.  William  S. 
Bishop,  of  Roches- 
ter, N.  v.,  in  1873. 
They  have  three 
children.  President 
Gates  was  graduated 
from   the   University 

of  Rochester  in  1870,  winning  highest  honors  in  mathe- 
matics, Latin  and  Greek,  and  the  senior  English  essay, 
with  honorable  mention  in  French  and  German.  His 
standing  was  the  highest  which  had  ever  been  attained 
at  the  university.  On  graduation  he  became  principal 
of  the  famous  old  Albany  Academy,  and  under  his 
management  the  attendance  increased  from  seventy  to 
over  three  hundred.  In  1872,  and  again  in  1886,  he 
spent  some  time   in   England;   and    in    1878-1879    he 


MERRILL    E.    GATES 


travelled  on  the  Continent  and  in  the  Levant  for  a  year. 
He  was  president  of  Rutgers  College,  at  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.,  from  1882  to  1890.  His  work  in  this  field  was 
remarkably  successful.  The  course  of  study  was  en- 
riched, the  number  of  students  was  nearly  doubled,  the 
number  of  professors  was  increased  from  fourteen  to 
twenty-three,  the  income  of  the  college  was  doubled, 
new  buildings  were  erected,  and  the  public  school  sys- 
tem of  the  State  was  permanently  connected  with  the 

State     College,    the 
scientific    school    of 
Rutgers.     Preside  n  t 
Gates  was  also  largely 
instrumental    in    se- 
curing   the    passage 
of  the  Ballot  Reform 
Law.     In  July,  1890, 
he    was    elected    to 
the    presidency    of 
Oberlin     College. 
While     considering 
this  election,  he  was 
chosen    president   of 
Amherst.     The  same 
ability  to  inspire  and 
direct    educational 
work    characterizes 
h  i  s      administration 
at    Amherst.       T  h  e 
college  is    already 
feeling   the  effect  of 
his   presence    in  the 
standard    of    work 
maintained,     in     in- 
creased endowments, 
new    buildings     and 
greater     attendance. 
Among     othe  r    i  m- 
provements   are    the 
revision  of  the  curri- 
culum, the  engagement  of  several  new  and  strong  pro- 
fessors, instead  of  tutors,  the  opening  of  a  thoroughly 
liberal  course  in  natural  science,  etc.     President  Gates 
is  in  constant  demand  as  a  speaker  ;  as  a  writer  he  con- 
tributes occasional  articles  to  the  magazines  and  reviews 
on  literary  subjects.      He  is  chairman  of   the  United 
States  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners,  president  of  the 
Mohonk  Conference  on  Indian  Affairs,  and   president 
of  the  American  Missionary  Association. 


68 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ON    one    of   the  most  sightly  sjjots   about    lioston, 
in  the  newly  born  city  of  Medford,  is  Tufts  Col- 
lege, which,  under  the  management  of  President  Elmer 
Hewitt   Capen,  has  made  for  itself  a  place  among  the 
leading  institutions  of  learning  in  the  country.     It  was 
opened  in  1854.     Rev.  Hosea  Ballou,  2d,  D.  D.,  was  the 
first  president,  and  for  over  twelve  years  Rev.  Dr.  A.  A. 
Miner  was  at  its  head.     It  is  well  endowed,  enjoying  the 
revenue  of  about  one  million  and  a  quarter  of  dollars, 
and    has-  upwartls  of 
fifty- three  scholar- 
ships.    President 
Capen  was  born  April 
5,    1838,   in  Stough- 
ton,  Norfolk  County, 
Mass.     He    was    the 
son  of   Samuel  (2d) 
and    .Mmira    (Paul) 
Capen.     After  a  pre- 
paratory course  of 
study   at  the    Pierce 
Academy,     Midd  1  e- 
boro,    Mass.,  and  at 
the  Green  Mountain 
Liberal     Institute, 
Woodstock,   Vt.,    he 
entered    Tufts     Col- 
lege   in     1 85  6    and 
graduated    in    i860. 
In  his  senior  year  at 
college,     he     was 
elected    to  represent 
St  ought  on   in    the 
lower  House  of    the 
Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature, where  he  was 
the  youngest  member 
of  that  body.     A  year 
at  the  Harvard  Law 
-School    followed    his 

graduation  from  'i'ufts,  and  after  completing  his  legal 
studies  in  the  ofifice  of  Thomas  S.  Harlow  in  Boston,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1863.  Mr.  Capen  immedi- 
ately began  the  practice  of  law.  The  natural  bent  of 
his  mind,  however,  was  rather  toward  theology,  and  he 
became  interested  in  religious  activities.  After  a  year's 
))ractice  at  the  bar,  he  e.xchanged  law  for  di\  init\'  and 
took  a  course  in  theology  under  Rev.  Dr.  Chambrc. 
Ordained  to  the  ministry,  Oct.  5,  1865,  he  was  called  to 


the  (jastorate  of  the   Independent  Christian  Church  at 
Cdoucester,  Mass.,  which  was  founded  in  1774  by  Rev. 
John  Murray.     Mr.  Capen  remained  with  the  Ciloucester 
church  four  years,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  a  Univer- 
salist  Society  at  St.   Paul,  Minn.,  where  he  stayed  one 
year.     In  1870,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Universal- 
ist  Church  at  Providence,  R.  I.     From  this  pastorate  he 
was  called,  in   1875,  to  the  presidency  of  Tufts  College, 
and  was  inaugurated  June  2d  of  that  year.     His  manage- 
ment of   the  college 
has    been    signally 
successful  in  various 
directions.      Endow- 
ments and  buildings 
have  been  added,  and 
tlie    number   of   stu- 
dents has  constantly 
increased.     Since 
1876,     President 
Capen    has    been    a 
trustee  of    the   Llni- 
versalist     ( 1  e  n  e  r  a  1 
Convention.     He  re- 
ceived  the  honorary 
ilegree  of   doctor  of 
divinity  from   the  St. 
Lawrence  University 
of  New  York  in  1877. 
Since    1886    he    has 
li  e  e  n    presiilent    of 
the   Law    and   Order 
1  ,eague   of    M  a  s  s  a  - 
chusetts.    He  is  pres- 
ident   of    the    Com- 
mission    on   Ad- 
mission 1",  xam  in  a- 
tions,  a  body  created 
by  the  New  England 
colleges,    to     secure 
and     ])roniote    uni- 
formity in  the  reipiirements  for  admission,  and  in  1888 
Governor  Ames  appointed  him  as  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education.     President   Capen   takes   a   deep 
interest  in  the  political  affairs  of  State  and  nation,  and  in 
1889  he  was  prominent  among  those  suggested  for   the 
Republican  nomination  for  governor.     He  has  been  twice 
married,   the  first  time    to  Letitia  H.   Mussey,  of  New 
London,  Conn.,  and    in    February,    1877,  to    Mary  ,L., 
daughter  of  Oliver  Edwards,  of  Brookline,  Mass. 


ELMER.    H.    CAPEN 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


69 


BOSTON    UNIVERSITY,   with   its   seven   faculties 
and  more  than  a  thousand  students,  occupies  a 
most  honorable  position  among  the  great  institutions  of 
learning   in  America.     Founded    in   1869,  —  though  its 
theological  department,  the  oldest  Methodist  Episcopal 
Divinity  School  in  this  country,  was  established  in  1839, 
—  its  growth  has  been  phenomenally  rapid.     The  uni- 
versity comprises  a  College  of  Liberal  Arts,  a  School  of 
Law,  a   College  of  Agriculture,  a  School  of   Medicine, 
and  a  School  of  All 
Sciences.     Its  presi- 
dent,  William    Fair- 
field   Warren,  is  not 
only  one  of  the  pro- 
foundest  theologians 
and      most     original 
philosophical    and 
pedagogical  thinkers, 
but  he  is  also  one  of 
the    most  versatile 
authors    of   the  day. 
He  was  born  at  Wil- 
liamsburg,   Mass., 
March  13,  1833,  the 
son   of    Mather   and 
.\nne      M.     Warren. 
Graduated     f  rom 
Wesleyan  L'niversity 
in    1853,  he    was,  in 
1855-56,    in    charge 
of   a  church  in    An- 
dover,  and  from  1856 
to    1858    studied    in 
Berlin,     Halle,     and 
Rome.     He    trav- 
elled   in  Greece, 
Egypt  and  Palestine, 
residing     abroad,    at 
different  times,  more 
than    seven  years. 

From  1 86 1  to  1866,  he  was  professor  of  systematic 
theology  in  the  Missionsanstalt,  Bremen,  Germany; 
from  1866  to  1873,  acting  president  of  Boston  Theologi- 
cal Seminary.  In  the  latter  year  he  became  first  presi- 
dent of  Boston  L'niversity,  professor  of  the  history 
of  religions,  comparative  theology,  and  the  philoso- 
phy of  religion,  which  position  he  has  held  to  the 
present  time.  His  writings  have  been  numerous.  Six 
were    written   and  published  in  the  German  language. 


WILLIAM    F.    WARREN 


Of  these  the  more  important  were  :  "  Anfangsgruende 
der  Logik"  (1863)  :  "Einleitung  in  die  systematische 
Theologie  "  (1865);  and  "  \'ersuch  einer  neuen  ency- 
klopaedischen  Einrichtung  und  Darstellung  der  theolo- 
gischen  Wissenschaften "  (1867).  The  following  are 
some  of  his  essays  and  addresses  :  "  De  Reprobatione  " 
(1867)  ;  "Systems  of  Ministerial  Education"  (1872)  ; 
"The  Christian  Consciousness"  (1872);  "American 
Infidelity"     (1874);      "The    Taxation     of     Colleges, 

Churches,  and  Hos- 
]jitals  ;  Tax  Exemp- 
tion the  Road  to  Tax 
.\bohtion"  (1876)  ; 
"  The  Gateways  to 
the  Learned  Profes- 
sions" (1877J ;  "Re- 
\'  i  e  w  of  T  w  e  n  t  y 
Arguments  Em- 
ployed in  Oiiposition 
to  the  Opening  of 
the  Boston  Latin 
School  to  Girls" 
(1877)  ;  "The  Lib- 
eration of  Learning 
in  England  "  (1878)  ; 
"Joint  and  Disjoint 
Education  in  the 
Public     Schools" 

(1879)  ;  "Hopeful 
Symptoms  in  Medi- 
cal    Education" 

(1880)  ;  "New  Eng- 
land Theology" 
(i88i)  ;  "True  Key 
to  Ancient  Cos- 
mology  and  Mythi- 
cal Geography" 
(1882);  "Homer's 
Abode  of  the  Dead  " 
(1883);  "All  Roads 

Lead  to  Thule "  (i886)  :  "The  Quest  of  the  Perfect 
Religion"  (1887):  "The  True  Celebration  of  the 
Four  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the  Discovery  of 
America  by  Columbus"  (1888)  ;  "The  Cry  of  the  Soul, 
a  Baccalaureate  Address"  (1888)  ;  "The  Gates  of  Sun- 
rise in  Babylonian  and  Egyptian  Mythology"  (1889); 
"Giordano  Bruno  and  Liberty"  (1890)  ;  "The  Mastery 
of  Destinv  "  (1892).  His  other  works  are  nmnerous. 
President  ^Varren  married,  in  1861,  Harriet  M.  Merrick. 


^o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


REV.  MICHAEL  A.  O'KANE,  S.  J.,  president  of  the 
College  of  the  Holy  Cross,  was  born  in  County 
Clare,  Ireland,  July  12,  1849.     When  he  was  but  three 
months  old  his  parents  tame  to  America  anil  settled  in 
Spencer,  Mass.,  where  he  received  his  early  education. 
After  passing  through  the  public  schools,  including  the 
High  School  of  Spencer,  he  entered  Holy  Cross  College 
in  1865,  the  year  of  its  formal  incorporation.     In  the 
third   year  of   his  college  course,  July,    1867,    Michael 
O'Kane    became  a 
member  of    the    So- 
ciety  of    Jesus,  and 
left    Holy    Cross    to 
pursue  the  philosoph- 
ical and   theologi- 
cal studies   required 
by    the   order,    at 
Woodstock    College, 
Md.     Here  he  spent 
nine    years,    and   on 
completing      his 
course,  in  1876,  was 
made    professor    of 
classics    in    George- 
town   College.      He 
remained  at  George- 
town six  years,  hold- 
ing in  turn  the  pro- 
fessorships of  classics 
and     of    philosophy. 
Then   for  four  years 
\\i    was     prefect    of 
studies     at    George- 
town,   and    for    two 
years    vice-president 
of    the   college.     In 
August,  1887,  he  was 
made    rector   and 
master  of  novices  in 
the   Novitiate    at 

Frederick,  Md.,  the  home  of  the  Jesuits.  This  posi- 
tion he  held  for  two  years,  and  then,  in  1889,  was 
transferred  to  Worcester  to  become  president  of  the 
College  of  the  Holy  Cross.  The  college  was  founded  by 
Bisho])  Fenwick  in  1843,  and  was  incorporated  in  1865. 
It  provides  a  classical  and  scientific  education  for  youth 
of  the  Catholic  church.  For  a  number  of  years  after  its 
establishment,  degrees  were  conferred  on  its  graduates 
by  Georgetown  College,  the  State  of  Massachusetts  refus- 


MICHAEL   A.   O'KANE 


ing  it  a  charter.  In  1865,  largely  by  the  influence  of 
Governor  Andrew  and  Hon.  Alexander  H.  Bullock,  a 
charter  was  obtained.  Father  O'Kane  found  the  college 
with  about  two  hundred  and  twenty  ]:>upils,  and  in  the 
three  years  of  his  administration  has  seen  it  grow  to 
over  three  hundred,  and  so  cramped  for  room  as  to  be 
forced  to  refuse  admission  to  many  applicants.  Under 
its  original  regulations  the  college  received  pupils  as 
young  as  eight  years,  but  this  has  been  changed  from 

time    to    time,    and 
Father    O'Kane    has 
recently   raised    the 
age   of    entrance   to 
fourteen.     The    col- 
lege has  grown  in  re- 
sources as  well  as  in 
numbers       under 
Father      O'  K  a  n  e'  s 
management.      The 
estate,  which  includes 
a  well  cultivated  farm 
of  one  hundred  and 
seventy-six  acres,  in 
addition  to  its  pleas- 
ure   grounds     and 
buildings,    has    been 
greatly    improved. 
A    large   addition  to 
the  main  building  is 
now    in     ])rocess     of 
construction,     larger 
in  fact  than  the  old 
structure.   The  space 
thus  acquired  will  be 
used   to   relieve    the 
present     cramped 
quarters.      In     the 
basement   will   be    a 
finely  equipped  gym- 
nasium with  a  swim- 
ming tank.     The  main  floors  will  be  used  for  the  scien- 
tific department,  for  class  rooms,  library  and  museum, 
and  the  upper  floor  with  its  ten  thousand  feet  of  surface 
will  be  cut   up    into    dormitories.     Like    most    college 
presidents  of  the  present   day,  Father  O'Kane  devotes 
his  time  to  the  administration  of  the  great  interests  com- 
mitted to  his  charge,  rather  than  to  indi\  idunl  teaching. 
He  is  greatly  beloved   by   the  students,  and  is  equally 
popular  among  the  parishes  of  the  vicinity. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


71 


?«*«5.^:!:«»*«^7wa»x»i ' ;  .t  ^-^--r. .  i  ■ 


REV.    EDWARD    IGNATIUS   DEVIIT,  S.   J.,  the 
eighth  president  of  Boston  College,  was  born  on 
Dec.    13,   1 84 1.     He  received   his   early   education    in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  Boston,  being  a 
Franklin  medal  scholar  from  the  Eliot  School  for  the 
year    1854.     After   graduating   from  the  English  High 
School  he  entered  the  College  of  the   Holy  Cross,  at 
Worcester,  Mass.     After  devoting  several  years  to  the 
study  of  Latin  and  Greek,  he  left  the  college  without 
being  graduated,  and 
entered    the   Society 
of    Jesus    in     1859. 
He    spent    the    cus- 
tomary two  years  on 
probation    at    Fred- 
erick City,  Md.,  and 
then  devoted  himself 
to  a  further  study  of 
the    classics.      From 
1863     to     1869,    he 
taught    at    Gonzaga 
College,  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.    The  next 
se\en    years    of    his 
life    were    spent    at 
the    College    of    the 
Sacred    Heart    at 
W  o  o  d  s  to  ck,  M  d., 
three    of    which    he 
devoted  to  the  study 
of     philosophy     and 
four  to   the  study  of 
theology.      He    was 
ordained  in  1875  by 
Most     Rev.     James 
R.    Bayley,    arch- 
bishop of  Baltimore. 
Having     now    com- 
pleted    the     regular 
course  of  studies  re- 
quired by  the  institute  of   the   society,  he  returned  to 
Holy  Cross  College  as  professor  of  rhetoric.     The  next 
year  he  lectured  on  philosophy    in   the  same  institution; 
and  in  1879  he  was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  philos- 
ophy at  the  College  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  at  Woodstock, 
where  he  himself  had  studied,  and  where  even  at  the 
present  time  the  Jesuits  congregate  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States  to  finish  their  studies.     Here  he  remained 
four  years.     The  two  succeeding  years   were   spent  at 


Georgetown  University,  where  he  also  lectured  on  phi- 
losophy. He  then  returned  to  Woodstock  to  occupy 
the  chair  of  theology,  left  vacant  by  the  elevation  of 
the  famous  Father  Mazzella  to  the  rank  of  cardinal. 
In  1888  he  again  returned  to  the  College  of  the  Holy 
Cross,  as  professor  of  philosophy,  and  in  January,  1891, 
he  was  appointed  president  of  Boston  College  to  succeed 
the  Rev.  Robert  Fulton,  S.  J.  The  past  two  years  of 
the  Rev.  Father  Devitt's  life  have  been  so  closely  con- 
nected with  Boston 
College  that  it  seems 
only  fitting  to  say  a 
word  of  that  famous 
institution.  It  was 
founded  in  1863,  but 


Pi 


^ 


1 


EDWARD    I     DEVITT, 


opened  its  doors  for 
the  first  time  in  Sep- 
tember, 1864.  The 
Rev.  Father  Bapst 
was  its  first  presi- 
dent. The  school 
opened  with  about 
forty  pupils,  but  soon 
began  to  grow.  Dur- 
ing the  administra- 
tion of  the  Rev. 
Father  Fulton,  who 
was  appointed  to  the 
presidency  in  1870, 
the  growth  was  very 
rapid,  and  in  1877 
the  first  class  was 
graduated.  Every 
year  has  marked  a 
large  increase  in  the 
number  of  students. 
.■\t  present  there  are 
three  hundred  and 
sixty  in  actual  attend- 
ance. This  is  an 
increase  of  fifty  over  last  year.  'I'he  institution  stands 
in  the  first  rank  among  Catholic  colleges.  Nearly  all 
the  younger  clergymen  of  the  archdiocese  of  Boston 
are  graduates  of  this  college,  and  many  of  its  alumni 
occupy  prominent  positions  in  professional  and  political 
life.  Father  Devitt  has  successfully  devoted  himself  to 
the  maintenance  of  the  old  standard  in  the  study  of 
the  ancient  languages,  and  has  set  about  bringing  the 
course  of  mathematics  u])  to  the  required  standard. 


MASSAC tfUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  Massachusetts   Agricultural   College  was  incor- 
porated  in    1863,    under   an    act    passed   by   the 
Legislature  that  same  year,  by  which  the  State  accepted 
the  national  grant  of  three  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
acres  of  land   donated   for   that  purpose.     On  May  24, 
1864,  the   town   of   Amherst,    having   offered    superior 
inducements,  was  selected   by  the  trustees  as  the  loca- 
tion of  the  new  institution.     To  secure  the  college,  the 
town  pledged  itself  to  give  $75,000  toward  the  erection 
of  the  buildings,  and 
also    to     provide     a 
site    at    a    favorable 
figure.     T  h  e     s  i  t  e 
embraced     abo  u  t 
three   hundred     and 
eighty-four     acres, 
and  the  original  cost 
of     land  and    build- 
ings  was   §43,000. 
The    object    of     the 
college   is   to  give  a 
practical  and   liberal 
education    in    each 
department,   and  in- 
struction, both  theo- 
retical and  practical, 
is  given  in  agriculture, 
horticulture,  and  also 
in  military  tactics,  be- 
sides   the    regular 
class-room      work. 
Graduates  of  the  col- 
lege receive  the  de- 
gree   of   bachelor   of 
science.     Henry  Hill 
Goodell,  president  of 
the    college  and   the 
director   of    its    one 
hundred   and   eighty 
students,  was  born  at 

Constantinople,  Turkey,  May  20,  1839,  his  parents  being 
Rev.  William  and  Abigail  Perkins  (Davis)  Goodell.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  Williston  Seminary,  graduating 
in  1858.  Four  years  later  he  graduated  from  Amherst. 
His  alma  mater  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  master 
of  arts  in  1865,  and  doctor  of  laws  in  1890.  Immediately 
after  his  graduation  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  and  was 
commissioned  a  second  lieutenant  of  the  Twenty-Fifth 
Connecticut  Volunteers,  Aug.  16,  1862,  and  in  April  of  the 


^m 


\ 


HENRY    H.    GOODELL 


following  year  he  was  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy 
at  the  battle  of  Irish  Bend.  He  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed an  aide  on  the  staff  of  Col.  G.  P.  Bissell  of 
the  Third  Brigade,  fourth  division  of  the  Nineteenth 
Army  Corps.  During  his  term  of  service  he  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Irish  Bend,  Vermilion,  the  first  expe- 
dition to  Port  Hudson,  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  Teche 
campaign  and  Donaldsonville,  and  was  one  of  the  volun- 
teers in  the  "forlorn  hope"  called  for  by  General  Banks. 

Returning    from   the 
war,    he     was     from 
1864  to  1867   an  in- 
structor at  Williston 
Seminary,    resigning 
to  take   the  chair  of 
modern     languages 
and    English    litera- 
ture   at    the    Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural 
College,  which   posi- 
tion   he     held    until 
1886,   when   he   was 
unanimously    chosen 
to  the  presidency  of 
the     institution. 
President   Goodell 
has  shown  himself  to 
be     peculiarly   well 
fitted  for  the  position 
which    he    occupies, 
and  it   may  be  said, 
without    reflection 
upon    the    ability   of 
his    predecessors     in 
office,   that  much  of 
the    success    of    the 
college  has  been  the 
result   o  f    his     well- 
directed  effort.     His 
central  idea  has  been 
to  broaden   the  sphere  of   the  college,  and    the  ever- 
increasing    enrolment    attests    his   success.      President 
Goodell  was  elected  a  director  of  the  Hatch  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station   of   the   Massachusetts  Agricultural 
College  in  1888.     He  was  also  a  representative  in  the 
Legislature  of   1885   and   1886.     President  Goodell  was 
married,  Dec.  10,  1873,  to  Helen  E.,  daughter  of  John 
and  Sophia  (Cook)  Stanton,  of  New  Orleans,  La.     They 
have  two  sons. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


71 


WELLESLF.Y  COLLEGE,  of  which  Helen  A. 
Shafer  is  the  third  and  present  president,  has 
a  strong  claim  ujion  the  affections  of  the  women,  not 
only  of  I\Lassachusetts,  but  of  the  whole  of  America. 
It  has  long  since  more  than  realized  the  splendid  dream 
of  its  founder,  Henry  F.  Durant,  and  has  settled  the 
question  once  and  forever  as  to  whether  it  is  well  for 
women  to  go  to  college.  Half  a  century  ago,  it  could 
be  said  with  truth  that  "  female  echication  is  particularly 
interesting  becau  s  e 
it  is  a  perfectly  un- 
tried experi  men  t," 
but  the  existence  of 
such  splendid  insti- 
tutions of  learn i  ng 
for  women  as  Welles- 
ley  has  wiped  that 
reproach  from  the 
face  of  history.  The 
coUeg  e  of  which 
Miss  Shafer  is  the 
head  became  a  fac- 
tor in  our  ci\ilization 
when  the  corner- 
stone was  laid  Sept. 
14,  1871.  The 
founder's  ideas  were 
entirely  unconv  e  n- 
tional.  He  stipu- 
lated that  men  and 
women  should  con- 
stitute the  Board  of 
Trustees,  but  that 
women  should  con- 
stitute the  faculty. 
The  most  rad  i  c  a  1 
departure  from  the 
conventional  rut  lies 
in  the  fact  that 
there  is  no  marking 

system  indicating  class  rank  and  honors,  the  idea  being 
that  knowledge  should  be  acquired  for  itself  alone.  It 
is  also  part  of  the  original  platform  of  AVellesley  that 
the  Bible  should  be  recognized  as  the  foundation  of  all 
learning.  Helen  A.  Shafer  is  a  native  of  New  Tersey. 
She  graduated  at  Oberlin  College  in  1863.  From  1865 
to  1875  she  had  charge  of  the  mathematical  instruction 
in  the  Central  High  School  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  From 
1877  till  her  election  to  the  presidency  at  Welleslev,  she 


HELEN    A.    SHAFER. 


was  the  professor  of  mathematics  at  the  latter  institution. 
In  1878  she  took  the  degree  of  master  of  arts  at  Ober- 
lin. Her  work  in  mathematics  at  St.  Louis  brought 
Miss  Shafer  national  renown,  and  was  highly  commended 
by  Dr.  \Mlliam  T.  Harris,  the  eminent  educator.  As 
president  of  the  college,  Miss  Shafer's  executive  ability 
has  proved  no  less  remarkable  than  her  mathematical 
attainments,  and  is  attested  in  the  character  of  the 
institution    o\er   which  she   presides.     Holding  to  the 

Wellesley   idea    that 
the    college     should 
allow   a   wide   range 
of    elective    studies. 
President  Shafer  has 
steadily  advanced  its 
intellectual  and  ethi- 
cal   progress.    She 
is,   however,   a    firm 
believer   in    the    im- 
portance of  classical 
and    mathematical 
training.     The    sys- 
tem  at    Wellesley  is 
a  judicious  mingling 
of   what    is  good   in 
the    systems    obtain- 
ing both  in   the  old 
and   the   new  world. 
Prominence  is  given 
to    instruction    by 
means    both    of  lec- 
tures   and    recita- 
tions.    President 
Shafer     is     fortu- 
nate   in    guiding 
the  destinies  of   the 
colleg e    at   a    time 
when  all  the  desires 
and     predictions    of 
its    founder   are    in 
process  of  fulfilment,  a  condition  that  is  as  rare  as  it  is 
satisfactory.     Wellesley  is  happy  in    the    possession  of 
both  an  art  school  and  a  conservatory  of  music.     The 
conservatory  has   arrangements  for  forty  pianos  and  a 
pipe  organ,  with  a  recital  hall  for  choral  classes.     The 
college  library  contains  the  entire  private  library  of  Mr. 
Durant,  which  contained  a  portion  of  the  famous  Rufus 
Choate  collection.     It    has  also   been   enriched   by  an 
endowment  from  the  late  Prof.  Eben  Norton  Horsford 


74 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


REV.  DR.  LAURENUS  CLARK  SEELYE,  president 
of  Smith  College  at  Northampton  and  a  promi- 
nent educator,  was  born  in  the  town  of  Bethel,  Fairfield 
County,  Conn.,  Sept.   20,   1837,  his  parents  being  Seth 
and  Abigail   (Taylor)   Seelye.     During  his  boyhood  he 
studied  in  the  public  and  private  schools,  taking  a  pre- 
paratory course  for  admission  to  Union  College,  which 
he    entered    in   1853.      He  was   graduated    four   years 
later,  but  remained  to  take  a  postgraduate  course,  which 
he  finished  in  a  year. 
He     then    entered 
Andover  Theological 
Seminary   and    stud- 
ied for  two  years  in 
the  junior  and  mid- 
dle classes.    Leaving 
Andover,  he  went  to 
Europe,   and    for 
nearly     three     years 
travelled  on  the  con- 
tinent and  in  Egypt 
and  Palestine.  While 
abroad  he  spent  one 
winter  in  the  LTniver- 
sity   of    Berlin,    and 
one   summer   in   the 
University  of  Heidel- 
berg, after  which  he 
returned  to  his  native 
land.      In    1863    he 
was     ordained     and 
installed  as  pastor  of 
the    North    Congre- 
gational   Church    in 
Springfield,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  rep- 
resentative  churches 
in  the  city,  and  re- 
mained in  this  posi- 
tion for  two  years,  or 

until  1865,  when  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  rhetoric 
and  English  literature  at  Amherst  College,  of  which  his 
brother,  Julius  Hawley  Seelye,  was  president  at  a  later 
date.  That  position  Rev.  Dr.  Seelye  occupied  until 
1873,  when  he  was  unanimously  chosen  as  the  first 
president  of  Smith  College,  an  institution  for  the  higher 
education  of  women,  which  was  chartered  in  187 1  and 
located  at  Northampton.  It  is  on  account  of  his  con- 
nection with  this  college,  of  which  he  is  still  the  head. 


LAURENUS    CLARK    SEELYE. 


that  he  is  best  and  most  widely  known,  although  he  was 
generally  recognized  as  an  able  and  progressive  teacher 
when  a  member  of  the  faculty  at  .Amherst.  His  present 
field,  however,  has  given  him  a  broader  scope  for  his 
abilities,  and  he  has  ever  been  alert  to  grasp  every 
opportunity,  when  offered,  or  to  make  one,  when  miss- 
ing. The  first  college  building  was  dedicated  in  July, 
1875,  with  appropriate  addresses  by  Governor  Gaston, 
Professor  W.  S.  Tyler,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  President  Seelye,  and 

Rev.  Dr.  A.  P.  Pea- 
body.  The  college 
was  opened  for  the 
reception  of  pupils 
in  the  following  Sep- 
tember, and  under 
the  able  administra- 
tion of  its  president 
the  number  of  pupils 
has  grown  from  four- 
teen to  seven  hun- 
dred, while  it  has 
happened  more  than 
once,  in  the  last  few 
years,  that  the  de- 
«■       '  mand    for  admission 

has  taxed  the  insti- 
tution to  its  utmost. 
He  has  in  truth  fol- 
lowed the  wish  of 
the  founder,  that  the 
college  should  grant 
a  degree  as  high  as 
that  of  any  college 
or  university  in  the 
country,  and  Smith 
College  stands  to-day 
the  peer  of  the  high- 
est. With  his  other 
duties  he  has  also 
found  time  to  write 
some  articles  on  Celtic  Hterature  that  were  published  in 
Putnam's  and  Scribner's  magazines,  besides  several 
addresses  upon  educational  themes.  He  married  Hen- 
rietta, daughter  of  Lyman  and  Harriet  Chapin,  of  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  in  November,  1863,  and  they  have  six  children 
living.  Both  in  the  educational  and  the  theological 
work  of  his  life.  President  Seelye  has  shown  evidences 
of  wide  culture,  his  mind  having  been  broadened  by 
extensive  travel  and  profound  research. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


75 


GRANVILLE  STANLEY  HALL,  president  of  Clark 
University,  is  the  son  of  Granville  Bascom  and 
Abby  Beals  Hall,  and  was  born  in  Ashfield,  Mass.,  in 
1846.  He  prepared  for  college  at  Sanderson  Academy 
in  Ashfield  and  at  Willeston  Seminary,  Kasthampton,  and 
then  entered  Williams  College,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1867.  After  five  years  of  study  in 
European  universities,  he  began  his  career  as  a  teacher 
at  Antioch  College,  Ohio.  He  went  from  .^ntioch  to 
Harvard,  where  he 
was  instructor  in 
English  until  1877. 
He  then  went  to 
Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity at  Baltimore, 
and  held  the  profes- 
sorship of  psychology 
there  when  called  to 
the  presidency  of 
Clark  LTniversity  in 
Worcester.  While  in 
Baltimore  he  founded 
the  American  Journal 
of  Psychology  in 
1887,  of  which  he 
still  continues  to  be 
the  editor.  When 
Jonas  G.  Clark  con- 
ceived the  idea  of 
establishing  an  insti- 
tution for  advanced 
study  and  individual 
research,  and  called 
to  his  assistance  the 
gentlemen  who 
formed  the  board  of 
trustees,  the  unani- 
mous choice  of  Dr. 
Hall  as  president  of 
the     new    university 

was  commended  by  the  educational  world.  Dr.  Hall 
accepted  the  position  in  1888,  and  spent  the  next  ten 
months  in  the  study  of  the  educational  systems  of 
Europe.  The  result  of  his  investigations  was  embodied 
in  the  courses  of  Clark  LTniversity,  which  was  opened  in 
1889.  The  institution  fills  a  unique  position  as  an  edu- 
cational institution,  supplying  opportunities  for  research 
in  abstract  science  such  as  no  other  institution  in  the 
world  gives.     Its    methods    are  largely  the  creation  of 


GRANVILLE    STANLEY    HALL. 


Dr.  Hall,  and  have  been  directed  by  him  from  the  start. 
Dr.  Hall  received  the  degree  of  master  of  arts  at  Wil- 
liams College  in  1870;  that  of  doctor  of  philosophy  at 
Harvard  in  187S  ;  that  of  doctor  of  laws  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  1888,  and  again  at  Williams  in 
1889.  Since  his  incumbency  of  the  presidency  of  Clark 
University,  Dr.  Hall  has  inaugurated  the  Pedagogical 
Seminary,  the  first  number  of  which  appeared  in  1891. 
He  continues  to  be  its  editor.     Dr.  Hall  is  a  frequent 

contributor  to  scien- 
tific publications,  and 
has  published  a  num- 
ber of  extended 
works  in  his  depart- 
ment of  psychology. 
.Among  his  publica- 
tions are  :  "  The  Per- 
ception of  Color,"  in 
the  Proceedings  of 
the  American  Acad- 
emy of  Arts  and 
Sciences  ;  "  Hegel  : 
His  Followers  and 
Critics,"  in  Journal 
of  Speculative  Phi- 
losophy ; "  Children's 
Lies"  and  "Dermal 
Sensitiveness  to 
Gradual  Pressure 
Changes,"  in  Ameri- 
can Journal  of  Psy- 
chology ;  " A  Sand 
Pile,"  in  Scribner's ; 
"  Laura  Bridgman," 
"The  Muscular  Per- 
"ception  of  Space," 
"  Reaction,  Time  and 
Attention  in  the 
Hypnotic  State," 
"  Studies  of  Rhythm," 
in  Mind;  "Contents  of  Children's  Minds,"  "Moral  and 
Religious  Training  of  Children,"  and  "The  Education 
of  the  Will;"  "Philosophy  in  the  L'nited  States;" 
"New  Departure  in  Education."  More  extended  publi- 
cations in  book  form  are  :  "Aspects  of  German  Culture," 
"Methods  of  Teaching  History,"  "How  to  Teach  Read- 
ing, and  What  to  Read  in  Schools."  Dr.  Hall  married 
in  Berlin,  in  1880,  Cornelia,  daughter  of  James  and 
Julia  Fisher.     Mrs.  Hall  died  in  1890,  leaving  one  son. 


76 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


SAMUEL  DALTON,  adjutant-general  of  the  State 
of  Massachusetts,  is  a  veteran  soldier  who  entered 
the  service  at  a  time  when  men  were  most  needed  by 
the  country,  and  who  has  steadily  advanced  to  a  fore- 
most place  in  the  military  life  of  the  Commonwealth. 
He  has  always  been  interested  in  military  matters,  and 
was  identified  with  the  troops  of  the  State  before,  dur- 
ing, and  since  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  He  brought 
to  the  office  he  now  holds,  a  knowledge  and  an  expe- 
rience which  have 
been  of  great  benefit 
to  the  military  or- 
ganization of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  which 
have  given  him  a 
reputation  second  to 
none  among  the 
efficient  adjutant- 
generals  of  the  coun- 
try. He  was  born 
at  Salem,  Essex 
County,  June  25, 
1840,  his  parents 
being  Joseph  A.  and 
Mary  Dalton.  His 
father  served  during 
the  Civil  War  as 
lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Forty-ninth 
Massachusetts  Infan- 
try Volunteers,  while 
his  brother,  J.  Frank 
Dalton,  served  in 
the  na\y,  and  was 
subsequen  1 1  y  c  o  m- 
mander  of  the  Sec- 
ond Corps  of  Cadets 
of  Salem.  Ceneral 
Dalton's  early  edu- 
cation  was   received 

at  the  public  schools  of  Salem,  where  he  also  attended 
the  classical  and  high  schools,  from  which  he  graduated 
in  1856.  He  then  entered  the  establishment  of  his 
father,  gaining  an  acquaintance  with  the  leather  busi- 
ness. He  subsequently  came  to  Boston  as  clerk  in  the 
house  of  Gore  Brothers,  and  was  afterwards  engaged  as 
salesman  by  E.  B.  Hull  &  Co.  At  a  very  early  age  he  had 
a  special  interest  in  military  work,  and  in  1858  enlisted 
in  the  Salem  Cadets.     He  was  a  member  of  this  organiza- 


SAMUEL    DALTON 


tion  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  In  1861  he  enlisted 
in  the  Fourteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers  (afterwards 
known  as  the  First  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artillery),  and 
was  soon  appointed  sergeant.  Feb.  15,  1862,  he  was 
commissioned  second  lieutenant,  and  on  June  7  of  the 
same  year  was  promoted  to  a  first  lieutenancy,  in  which 
grade  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service, 
after  a  full  term  of  three  years.  He  then  resumed 
business  in  Boston,  under  the  firm  name  of  Nichols  & 

Dalton.     April    6, 
1866,  he   re-enlisted 
in  the  Salem  Cadets 
as   capta in   of    his 
old    company.      In 
May,    1874,    he    was 
elected  major  of  the 
corps,  and  in  March, 
1877,    lieutenant- 
colonel.     In    1 88 1 
Covernor    Long   ap- 
l)o  i  n  t  e  d    him    i  n- 
spector  of  ordnance, 
wit h    the   rank   of 
colonel,  and  in  Jan- 
uary,   1883,    he    was 
ajjpo inted    to    his 
present     position, 
with    rank   as  briga- 
dier-general,  by 
Coveror    Butler. 
Governor     Robin- 
son advanced  him  to 
the    rank   of    major- 
general.     In    addi- 
tion to  his  responsi- 
ble    position     of 
adj  ut ant-general, 
which    he   has    filled 
for    ten    years    with 
such    credit,    he     is 
also  inspector-general,  quartermaster-general,  and  pay- 
master-general.    General  Dalton  was  married  in  .Salem, 
March  g,  1863,  to  Hannah  F.,  daughter  of  W.  F.  and 
Abigail    Nichols,    of    Salem.     His   family  consists  of  a 
daughter  and  a  son,  Edith  B.   and  R.  Osborn  Dalton. 
L-nder   his    direction    the    State    militia    has    steadily 
increased  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  and  is  now  com- 
posed   of   two  brigades  and    of   two   corps   of   cadets, 
unattached. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


77 


B RKIADIER-GENERAL  BENJAMIN  F.  BRIDGES, 
commanding    the    First    Brigade,    Massachusetts 
Volunteer  MiKtia,  was  born   in  Deerfield,  Mass.,  April 
30,  1836.     He  comes  of  a  family  noted  for  its  mental 
and  physical  vigor.     His  boyhood  years  were  passed  in 
working  on  his  father's  farm  and  in  attending  school  in 
the  winter.     His  military  career   began  at   the  age    of 
fifteen,   when  he  enlisted   in  the  Tenth  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  in  which  he  served  until  1857.     In  November, 
187 1,   Company    H, 
Second     Regiment 
Infantry,    Massachu- 
setts Volunteer    Mil- 
itia,    was    organized 
at    South    Deerfield, 
and  Mr.  Bridges  re- 
ceived a  commission 
as     first     lieutenant. 
March    15,   1875,  he 
was  elected  captain  ; 
Aug.    3,    1876,    pro- 
moted   major ;     Ian. 
25,     1879,    elected 
lieutenant-colonel ; 
in  the  following  Aug- 
ust, elected  colonel, 
and    Jan.    5,     1889, 
elected    brigadier- 
general,     command- 
ing the  First  Brigade. 
General  Bridges  is  a 
thorough    disciiilina- 
r  i  a  n,  but  p  o  [ui  1  a  r 
alike  with  officers  and 
men.     He  has  done 
much  to  increase  the 
efficiency    and     im- 
pro\e    the    soldierly 
ipialities  of    the  bri- 
gade.    He  had  suc- 
ceeded   in  raising  the   Second   Regiment  from  a   six- 
company  to  a  twelve-company  regiment,  and  under  his 
administration  the  organization  steadily  improved,  until 
it  took  a  prominent  position  among  the  best  regiments 
in  the  State  service.     The  same  ability  has  character- 
ized his  command  of  the  brigade.     In  the  military  ser- 
\ice,  to  which  he   has  given  so  much  time  and  in  which 
he  has  had  so  long  an  experience,  he  is  an  indefatigable 
worker.     In  company  with  General   Dalton  he  \isited 


BENJAMIN    F.    BRIDGES 


the  Pennsylvania  troops  when  they  were  encamped  at 
Homestead  in  1892,  in  order  that  the  experience  there 
gained  might  be  utilized  for  the  benefit  of  the  Massachu- 
setts militia.  This  visit  was  followed  by  important 
recommendations  in  General  Bridges's  annual  report. 
His  whole  administration  has  been  marked  by  great 
]irogress,  each  annual  encampment  showing  decided 
impro\  ement  over  the  preceding  one.  The  general,  who 
is  an  able  tactician,  personally  conducts  the  drills  of  his 

command  in  brigade 
movements.      Re- 
turning to    his   civil 
career,    it    may    be 
said  that  after  leav- 
ing   school,  when 
aliout    twenty    years 
old,    he   went  West, 
where    he    remained 
se\  eral    years.      O  n 
his  return  to  Massa- 
chusetts, he  entered 
mercantile  life,  asso- 
ciating    himself,    in 
1868,    with     B.     R. 
Hamilton    in    t ii e 
manufacture  of  pock- 
et-books    at     South 
Deerfield.      As     the 
financial  manager  of 
the  firm  of  Hamilton 
iV  Bridges,  he   made 
the    Ijusiness    a  suc- 
cess.    On  withdraw- 
ing from    that    firm, 
he  was  the  originator 
and    head    of-the 
house    of    James    B. 
Bridges    &    Co.,    of 
South   Deerfield,  the 
firm    doing   now   an 
extensive  business  in  flour  and  feed  and  farming  imple- 
ments.    With  his  townspeople,  neighbors,  and  friends. 
General  Bridges  is  more  than  popular.     He  is  the  nat- 
ural   leader   of   any   public-spirited    work    in   the  town 
which  needs  to  be  pushed  to  the  front,  and  his  purse  is 
always  open  to  the  wants  of  the  deserving  poor.     He 
was  married,  in  1859,  to  Hattie  R.  Eaton.     She    died 
manv  vears  ago.     General  Bridges  was  married  to  Miss 
Jennie  E.  Taylor,  Jan.  8,  1866. 


78 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


BRIGADIER-GENERAL  BENJAMIN  F.  PEACH, 
Jr.,  commanding  the  Second  Brigade,  Massachu- 
setts Volunteer  MiUtia,  was  born  in  Marblehead,  Mass., 
in  October,  1838,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  that  town.  At  an  early  age  he  learned  the  business 
of  shoe  manufacture,  residing  in  Marblehead  until  the 
outbreak  of  the  Rebellion,  and  at  its  close  locating  in 
Lynn.  He  continued  in  the  shoe  business  until  1879, 
when  he  was  elected  city  treasurer  and  collector  of  taxes 
of  Lynn.  He  was,  in 
nearly  every  instance, 
u  n  a  n  i  m  o  u  s  1  y  re- 
elected for  six  suc- 
cessive years,  retiring 
in  August,  1885,  to 
accept  the  appoint- 
ment of  United  States 
pension  agent,  tend- 
ered him  by  Presi- 
dent Cleveland. 
During  his  term  of 
office  he  disbursed 
many  millions  of 
dollars  to  the  pen- 
sioners of  his  district, 
to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  government  and 
of  the  people.  In 
1889,  he  became 
assistant  treasurer 
and  assistant  general 
manager  of  the 
Thomson-  Houston 
Electric  Compa  n  y, 
and  on  its  consolida- 
tion with  the  Edison 
(leneral  Electric 
Company,  he  was 
elected  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  con- 
solidated organization,  which  is  the  largest  electric  com- 
pany in  the  world.  He  still  holds  this  position.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Thomson- 
Houston  Securities,  and  is  connected  with  various  elec- 
trical manufacturing,  railway  and  lighting  companies. 
General  Peach  is  likewise  trustee  of  one  of  the  funds  of 
the  city  of  Lynn.  He  has  been  repeatedly  urged  to 
accept  the  nomination  for  Congress  from  his  district, 
but  has  always  declined  the  honor.     He  is  a  member  of 


BENJAMIN    F.    PEACH. 


Post  5,  G.  A.  R. ;  a  companion  of  the  first  class  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion ;  a  member  of  Mt. 
Carmel  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  a  member  of  the 
Oxford  Club  of  Lynn.  Early  in  youth  he  became  inter- 
ested in  the  militia  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  in  1854 
enlisted  in  Company  C,  Fifth  Regiment,  which  became 
in  1855  Company  C,  Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry,  which 
company  the  following  year  was  transferred  to  the  Eighth 
Infantry.     He  was  promoted  sergeant  in  1857,  and  first 

sergeant  in  May, 
1858,  which  position 
he  held  in  April, 1 861, 
when  he  responded 
to  the  call  of  the 
President  for  troops. 
His  company  was 
the  first  to  enter 
Faneuil  Hall  on  the 
morning  of  the  mem- 
orable i6th  of 
April,  1861.  In 
March,  1862,  he  was 
promoted  first  lieu- 
tenant ;  in  Septem- 
ber, 1862,  adjutant; 
in  February,  1863, 
detailed  acting  assis- 
tant adjutant-general, 
and  in  July,  1864, 
promoted  colonel. 
After  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  service 
he  remained  in  com- 
mand of  the  Eighth 
Regiment  of  Militia 
until  February,  1882, 
when  he  was  com- 
missioned brigadier- 
general.  General 
Peach  is  one  of  the 
most  experienced  ofBcers  in  the  State,  a  man  of  sound 
judgment,  and  one  to  be  relied  on  with  perfect  confidence 
at  all  times.  He  is  looked  upon  as  a  perfect  soldier, 
and  is  very  popular  in  his  command  and  throughout  the 
entire  State  force.  Always  exacting  in  the  performance 
of  duty,  and  yet  e\er  watchful  of  the  interests  and  wel- 
fare of  his  troops,  he  is  an  officer  of  the  best  type. 
General  Peach  was  married  in  1870  to  Miss  Adelaide  L., 
daughter  of  Colonel  F.  J.  Coffin,  of  Newburyport. 


X 
O 


GREATNESS  in  cities  in  America  is  too  otten  associated  with  jirodigious  commercial  activity,  miles  of  business 
blocks,  fine  new  sixteen-story  buildings,  the  ceaseless  strife  of  toiling  thousands,  and  other  features  of  a 
"boom."  Rome  was  not  built  in  a  day;  nor  has  the  greatness  of  any  city  of  ancient  or  modern  times  been 
due  to  its  mere  material  achievements,  piled  fast  one  upon  another.  In  cities,  as  in  men,  there  is  a  far  higher 
and  a  nobler  attribute  of  greatness,  —  the  impress  they  make  upon  the  thought,  welfare,  and  progress  of  the  nation 
of  which  they  form  a  part.  Athens  was  (Ireece,  Rome  was  the  Em])ire,  London  is  England,  Paris  is  France,  and 
in  a  narrower  but  no  less  truthful  sense,  Boston  is  the  I'nited  States.  Her  greatness  is  all  her  own  :  it  never 
can  be  taken  from  her,  never  surpassed  or  imitated.  New  York  might  disajji^ear  in  a  night,  and  Chicago  might 
sink  into  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan,  but  another  and  a  greater  New  York,  and  a  new  Chicago,  bigger  and 
more  forceful,  would  rise,  as  if  by  magic,  from  the  ruins.  Boston,  on  the  contrary,  never  could  be  replaced  ;  she 
is  of  the  nation,  and  the  nation  is  of  her. 

A  recent  visitor,  when  asked  with  what  he  was  most  forcibly  imi}ressed  in  Boston,  replied,  first,  the  repose 
and  the  delightful  domestic  atmosphere  with  which  the  people,  as  a  rule,  are  surrounded  ;  second,  the  ability  to 
enjoy  themselves  by  the  pursuit  of  some  chosen  object  other  than  mere  business ;  third,  their  pronounced  suscep- 
tibility to  new  impressions.  This  observer  had  tasted  the  life  of  Boston  in  its  true  flavor,  the  life  whose  real  spirit 
may  be  breathed  only  at  the  firesides,  and  which  cultivates  the  perfection  of  man,  woman,  and  child  in  all  that 
pertains  to  advanced  civilization.  Those  who  have  never  breathed  this  rarefied  atmosphere  wonder  whence  comes 
the  stimulus  which  by  its  example  supplies  the  impetus  to  intellectual  pursuits  in  all  parts  of  the  LTnion,  which 
gives  birth  to  an  enlightened  public  opinion,  whose  voice  never  speaks  excejjt  on  the  side  of  right  and  justice, 
and  which  keeps  alive  and  spreads  abroad  the  idea  of  nationality,  whose  message  is  patriotism  and  whose  key- 
note is  jirogress.  'l"he  east  wind,  a  codfish  diet,  and  other  innocent  fictions  of  newspaper  wags  are  habitually 
cited  as  contrilniting  causes  of  the  intellectual  supremacy  of  the  Boston  peo])le,  but  only  those  to  the  manner 
born,  as  it  were,  know  how  terribly  earnest,  and  what  largess  of  self-impro\ement  accomjianies  it,  is  the  pursuit 
of  knowledge  for  its  own  sake  1  .\  kindred  aim  has  opened  up  a  vast  field  of  study  and  discussion  on  all 
topics  relating  to  religion  and  science,  woman  suffrage  and  socialism,  si)eculative  philoso])hy  and  political  economy, 
spiritualism  and  psychic  research,  archaeology  and  astrology,  while  literature,  art,  music,  and  architecture  nowhere 
can  claim  devotees  more  ardent  and  scholarly.  The  innumerable  clubs  and  societies,  which  constitute  a  feature 
of  Boston  life  in  all  its  relations,  have  for  their  motive  the  acquirement  of  truth,  and  that  intelligent  discussion 
without  which  truth  never  may  be  attained.  Among  the  trades  and  professions,  the  dining  clubs  which  meet  on 
given  days  are  unicjue  in  that  the  members  listen  to  the  reading  of  papers  bearing  upon  \arious  topics  of  interest  to 
their  callings.  Naturally  enough,  therefore,  the  material  man  from  another  city,  who  views  Boston  only  from  the 
outside,  or  from  the  inside  only  to  his  utter  discomfiture,  is  unable  to  grasp  the  full  meaning  of  this  current  of  intel- 
lectual enthusiasm,  and  when  he  gets  home,  gravely  declares  that  Boston  is  "  slow." 

Yet  in  its  commercial,  as  distinguished  from  its  aesthetic,  aspect,  Boston  still  occupies  relatively  as  prominent 
a  iiosition  among  the  cities  as  she  ever  did.  While  it  is  true  that  other  cities  in  certain  directions  are  growing 
more  rapidly,  yet,  in  many  instances,  it  is  Boston  brains  and  Boston  capital  and  Boston  methods  which  are 
responsible  for  their  advancement.  Chicago  owes  its  remarkable  rise  to  the  enterprise  of  banking  houses  located 
within  a  stone's  throw  of  the  Old  State  House,  —  their  capital  built  the  great  railroads  which  made  the  now  robust 


BOSTON. 


8r 


BOSTON     CITY     HALL. 


young  municipality  a  possibility  and  supplied  her,  in  the  hour  of  her  calamity  in  187 1,  with  the  funds  wherewith 

to  rebuild  her  all  but  destroyed  city.     In  other  cities,  both  in  the  West  and  in  the  East,  the  Boston   investor 

stands  in  the  forefront  in   developing  property  and  otherwise  affording  opportunities  for  commercial  prosperity. 

By  the  showing  of   the   clearing  houses  of    tne  country,  Boston   stands   second  onlv  to  New  York,  the  business 

transacted  amounting  to  over  five  billion  dollars  a  year.     Life 

insurance,  which  began  in  America  in  Boston,  fire  insurance, 

publishing,  of  which  there  is  none  more  excellent  mechani- 
cally than  that   done  here,  and  some  of  the  largest  and  best 

equipped  retail  stores  in  the  country,  are  other  conspicuous 

features  of  the  business  life  of  the  city.     Here  also  are  the 

business  offices  of  hundreds  of  manufacturing  industries  whose 

l)roducts  are  made  in  mills  and  factories  located  throughout 

Massachusetts  and  in  the    contiguous   States,  but  which  are 

sold  through  Boston,  and  therefore  belong  in  any  computation 

of  the  city's  commercial  wealth.     The  \alue  of  the  imports  at 

the  port  of  Boston  in    1891   was  over   §70,000,000:  that  of 

the  exports  w'as  §81,400,000. 

The     latest    figures    relating    to    manufacturing    and 

mechanical  establishments  in   Boston    are  those  of   the  State 

census  of  18S5,  which  ga\e  the  number  of  establishments  as  5,199,  and  the  total  capital  invested  as  §144,376,206. 

The  increase  since  then  has  been  steady  and  large,  betokening  a  substantial 
growth. 

Boston's  maritime  commerce,  which  years  ago  led  the  entire  country 
and  carried  the  national  flag  into  every  foreign  port  of  any  consequence, 
fell  away  after  the  war,  when  capital  sought  the  quicker  and  larger  returns  to 
be  won  in  manufacturing,  vet  it  is  large  enough  to-day  to  rank  Boston  as  the 
second  port  of  entry  in  the  United  States.  Steamships,  most  of  them  flying 
foreign  flags,  to  be  sure,  the  result  of  unfavorable  legislation  at  Washington, 
lea\e  her  docks  for  England,  Scotland,  and  France  ;  and  there  are  lines  to 
dermany,  Italy  and  the  Mediterranean,  Australia,  China,  and  Japan.  There 
are  ten  lines  of  steamers  connecting  Boston  daily  and  semi-weekly  with  imjior- 
taut  points  north  and  south  on  the  .Atlantic  seaboard. 

The  intense  lo\e  which  Bostonians  have  for  the  historic  landmarks,  of 
which  there  are  so  many  in  the  city,  is  manifested  by  the  determination  many 
times  repeated,  to  keep  these  sacred  institutions  and  localities  intact.  That 
Boston  is  still  true  to  the  traditions  of  its  origin  is  evident  from  the  reverence 
and  affection  shown  for  the  Old  State  House,  the  Old  .South  Church,  the 
Old  North  Church,  the  (iranary  Burial-ground,  and  the  other  relics  of  "Old 
Boston."  ( )f  their  history  the  youth  of  Boston  never  become  weary.  How- 
e^er,  the  "march  of  improvement"  may  be  seen  in  any  of  the  older  parts  of 
the  city  where  the  old-fashioned  substantiality  of  last-century  architecture 
contrasts  forcibly  with  the  loftier  and  more  elaborate  structure  of  the  prevail- 
ing architectural  types.  These  ancient  Imildings,  together  with  the  narrow 
and  winding  streets  and  the  byways  and  isolated  corners  of  the  down-town 
districts,  never  will  lose  their  interest  for  the  true  Bostonian. 
The   parks  and  the  pleasure  grounds,  than  which  none  are  planned  or  conducted  on  a  more  intelligent 

system,  enjoyed  for  their  improvement  and  extension  in   the  three  years,  1889-90-91,  the  munificent    sum    of 

$2,433,555.     The  common  schools  and  the  high  schools,  with  an  enrolment  in  1891  of  over  seventy-two  thousand 

pupils  between  five  and  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  supported  by  a  fund  of  §2,120,546  raised  by  taxation,  need  no 


STATUE     OF    LEIF     ERICSON. 


82 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


encomiums    passed  upon    them    here  ;    their    high    standard   is   a    matter  of    common    knowledge.      The   public 

institutions  of    the  city  for  the  sick,  the  infirm,  and  the  blind  ;  the  comprehensive  system  of  public  and  private 

charities,  which  handles  the  difficult  jiroblems  in  its  jjeculiar  field  with  a  rare 

humanity  and  a  wise  discrimination  ;  the  noble  work  of  education  performed 
by  the  Public  Library;  the  improved  methods  of  sanitation  and  street  cleaning, 
and  the  singular  jjurity  of  the  city  government,  against  which  no  breath  of 
scandal  can  be  raised,  all  testify  to  the  superior  \  irtues  of  Boston  as  a  well- 
regulated  munici|iality,  free  from  the  evils  so  apt  to  creep  into  communities 
thickly  settled.  The  notable  improvement  in  transportation  facilities,  made 
in  spite  of  obstacles  placed  in  their  way  by  the  topography  of  the  down- 
town district,  reflects  much  credit  upon  the  West  End  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany, the  extent  of  whose  business  may  be  judged  from  the  company's 
showing  for  the  year  ending  Sejit.  30,  1892.  From  this  it  appeared  that  the 
number  of  passengers  carried  in  twebe  months  was  126,201,781  :  the  miles  run 
numbered  17,498,660;  the  miles  operated  numbered  263  1-2,  of  which  148 
were  equipped  with  electricity  ;  anil  the  number  of  cars  employed  was  2,554, 
of  which  1,028  were  electric  cars;  the  earnings  were  56,317,205;  the 
expenses,  84,477,783. 

The  population  of  Boston,  liy  the  federal  census  of  1890,  was  448,477, 
a  gain  since  1885  of  58,084;  the  total  population  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs 
was  680,421,  or  30.39  per  cent  of  the  entire  population  of  the  State,  (^f 
Boston's  population  260,000  are  .American  born,  70,000  Irish,  35,000  Canadian, 
10,000  (lerman,  and  3,000  Italian.     The  aliens  who  arrived  from  transatlantic 

ports  in  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,   1891,  numbered  32,808;  from  the  British  Provinces,  21,983.     Of  the  former 

11,515  were  Irish,  7,633  were  English,  4,092  were  Swedes,  and  3,479  ^^'ere  Russians. 


COLUMBUS    STATUE. 


BOSTON. 


83 


IN  the  hands  of  Nathan  Matthews,  Jr.,  have  been 
entrusted,  for  three  consecutive  years,  the  municipal 
interests  of  Boston.  For  two  years  he  has  given  the 
city  such  an  administration  as  will,  in  many  respects, 
serve  as  a  standard  for  future  mayors.  A  native  of  the 
city  whose  affairs  he  manages  with  such  ability,  he  is  a 
scion  of  sturdy  Cape  Cod  stock.  He  was  born  March 
28,  1854.  Having  obtained  his  prejiaratory  education 
in  public  and  private  schools,  he  entered  Harvard  and 
graduated  with  math- 
ematical honors  in 
1875.  From  Cam- 
bridge he  went  to 
the  University  of 
Leipsic  for  two  years, 
devoting  his  atten- 
tion chiefly  to  politi- 
cal economy  and 
jurisprudence.  Re- 
turning to  Boston, 
he  studied  two  years 
in  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  in  1880 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  For  ten  years 
he  followed  his  pro- 
fession with  great 
success,  his  practice 
during  the  latter  por- 
tion of  that  period 
being  largely  in  the 
line  of  building  cases 
and  trusts.  In  equity 
cases  he  is  an  ad- 
mitted authority. 
He  has  also  contrib- 
uted valuable  articles 
on  economical  and 
financial  que  s  t  i  o  n  s 
to  the  leading  re- 
views. In  charge  of  large  trust  funds,  he  secured  an 
enormous  clientele,  and  there  is  probably  no  man  in 
Boston  better  acquainted  than  he  with  real  estate 
matters.  By  natural  ability,  no  less  than  by  long  train- 
ing, Mr.  Matthews  was  eminently  fitted  to  perform  the 
duties  of  mayor,  and  his  election  in  1890  by  a  heavy 
majoritv  meant  to  those  who  knew  him  that  business 
principles  of  the  soundest  (piality  would  govern  his 
administration.     His  re-election  in  1S91,  by  the  largest 


NATHAN     MATTHEWS,   JR. 


majority  ever  given  to  any  candidate  for  political  office 
in  the  city,  showed  that  he  had  amply  fulfilled  the  e.xpec- 
tations  that  had  been  entertained  of  him.  His  second 
re-election  in  1892,  was  a  further  indorsement  of  the 
reforms  which  he  has  introduced  into  the  city  govern- 
ment. In  all  the  great  questions  which  ha\e  agitated 
the  public,  as  well  as  in  all  the  details  of  administration. 
Mayor  Matthews  has  shown  himself  the  master  of  the 
situation.     He  has  created    and  led    public    sentiment, 

not   followed    it.     A 
public   man  of   such 
force   of    character 
cannot   help  antago- 
nizing some   inter- 
ests and    individ- 
uals, but  none  of  his 
opponents    ever    ac- 
cused him  of  lacking 
either    integrity    or 
ability.      He     has 
done  more  than  any 
other  one    man,   ex- 
cepting   Governor 
Russell  and  Cieneral 
Collins,    to    broaden 
and    strengthen    the 
Democratic  party  in 
city  and   State.     He 
was  one  of  the  origi- 
nal members  of  the 
Young  Men's  Demo- 
cratic Club  of    Mas- 
sachusetts;    in   1888 
he  was  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  State 
Committee;  in  1889, 
chairman     of    the 
Democratic    State 
Convention ;  in  1890, 
chairman    of    the 
executive   committee   of    the    Democratic   State    Com- 
mittee;  in  1892,  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Convention,  where    he  was   an   ardent   and    influential 
worker  in  Cle\eland's  interests.     He  is  a  member  of  the 
.American  Statistical  Society,  of  the   New  Elngland  His- 
toric Genealogical  Society,  of  the  Boston  Athletic  Asso- 
ciation, of  the  Union  Boat   Club,  and    of   many  other 
clubs  and  societies.     In  1884  he  married  Miss  Ellen  B. 
Sargent.     They  ha\  e  two  children. 


84 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DA\. 


TH  K  Associated  Hoard  of  Trade  of  Boston  is  jirol)- 
ably  the  best  representati\e  body  among  business 
associations  in  this  country.     Founded  upon  a  new  idea, 
it  has,  during  the  few  years  of  its  existence,  so  demon- 
strated   its  practicability    as   to  have  become    now  the 
exemplar  of  the  newer  boards  of  trade  throughout  the 
country.     The  Boston  Associated  Board  of  Trade  is  not 
a  promiscuo\is  grouping  of  business  men  coming  together 
as  indixiduals,  but  is  made  u]3  of  delegates  of  the  various 
regularly      organized 
trade  associations  in 
the  city,  these  repre- 
sentatives being  duly 
elected  by  their  vari- 
ous  organizations, 
and     attending     the 
Associated   Board  of 
Trade     meetings    to 
speak   and    act,    not 
only  for    themselves, 
but    as    voicing    the 
wishes  of  the  associa- 
tions   which    send 
them.      Thus,   when 
the    members  of  the 
Associate  d     Board 
of    Trade    make    a 
decision,  their  action 
is  at  once  of  im])or- 
tance     in     forming 
commercial  and  legis- 
lative opinion.  When 
a  man  attains  to  the 
highest  office  in  such 
an  association,  it  can 
be  said  of    him  that 
he  occupies  an  esti- 
mable   place   among 
business  men.     That 
position  is  now  held 

by  Jerome  Jones,  whose  life  is  an  instance  of  substantial 
mercantile  success.  He  was  born  in  Athol,  Worcester 
County,  Oct.  13,  1837.  He  is  the  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Theodore  and  Mania  (Estabrook)  Jones,  and 
grandson  of  Rev.  Joseph  Kstal)rook,  the  second  minister 
of  Athol,  and  a  noted  clergyman  in  his  time.  He  was 
educated  in  Athol,  and  when  a  mere  lad  entered  as  a 
clerk  the  country  store  of  (loddard  &  Ward,  in  Orange, 
Mass.     In  1853,  he  was  apprenticed  to  Otis  Norcross  & 


JEROME    JONES. 


Co.,  of  Boston,  then  the  leading  importers  of  crockery 
in  the  United  States,  and  in  1861,  when  but  twenty- 
three  years  of  age,  he  was  admitted  as  a  partner.  In 
1865,  Mr.  Jones  began  as  European  buyer  for  the  firm. 
When,  in  1867,  Otis  Norcross  was  elected  mayor  of 
lioston,  and  retired  from  business,  the  firm  name  became 
Howlanil  iS:  Jones,  and  when,  in  T871,  Ichabod  Howland 
died,  the  firm  assumed  its  present  form  of  Jones,  Mc- 
Duffee  &  Stratton.     In  June  of   the  present  year,  Mr. 

Jones  completed  his 
thirty-ninth    year   of 
continuous  service 
in  the  widely  known 
house  of  which  he  is 
now  the   head.     Mr. 
Jones  is  a  Jefferson- 
ian  Democrat  and  an 
executive  committee- 
man of  the  New  P^ng- 
land    Tariff    Reform 
League.      He    is    a 
trustee     of    Mount 
Auburn      Cemetery ; 
director  in  the  Third 
National    Bank    and 
the      Massachusetts 
Loan  and  Trust  Com- 
pany ;  vice-president 
of  the  Home  Savings 
Bank  ;     member     of 
the  Boston  Commer- 
cial Club,  of  the  ITni- 
tarian    Club,    the 
LTnion    Club,    and 
commissioner  of  the 
Sinking    Fund   in 
Brookline.       Mr. 
Jones    is    also   an 
active    member  of 
that  important  com- 
mercial organization,  the  Boston  Merchants' Association. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Boston  Earthenware  Asso- 
ciation, and    of  the  Worcester    Northwest    Agricultural 
Society.     Mr.  Jones  has  been  twice  married.     His  first 
wife  was  Elizabeth  R.  Wait,  of  (Ireenfield.     Mrs.  Jones 
died  July   10,   1878,   leaving  four  children  :    Theodore, 
Elizabeth  A\'.,  Mania  E.,  and  Helen  R.  Jones.     He  was 
married  the  second  time  in  February,  1881,  to  Mrs.  Maria 
E.  Dutton,  of  Boston.     His  residence  is  in  Brookline. 


BOSTOh    BOARD    OF   TRADE. 


85 


TH  E  president  of  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
until  he  declined  a  re-election  in  October,  1S92, 
was  L.  G.  Burnham.     The  career  of   Mr.  Burnham   is 
replete   with    interest.     At  the  call  of   the    country  in 
1 86 1,  he  left  school  (being  then  in  his  eighteenth  year) 
and  enlisted  in  Company  E  of  the  Forty-eighth  Regi- 
ment, Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia.     Here  he  served 
with   credit   until    the    term  of   his    company   expired. 
Later  he  served  in    Company  F,  Third  Massachusetts 
Regiment,    until    it 
was  disbanded  at  the 
close  of  the  war.    He 
was    next   appointed 
captain  and   brigade 
quartermaster  on  the 
staff  of  (General  Isaac 
S.  Burrell,  Massachu- 
setts   First    Brigade. 
Still  later  he  was  ap- 
pointed captain  and 
provost    marshal    on 
the  staff  of  Brigadier- 
General     H  o  1)  a  r  t 
Moore,    i  n    w  h  i  c  h 
capacity    he    served 
five    years.     He  was 
afterwards   elected 
captain  of  'I'roop  I), 
First      Battalion 
Cavalry,  resigning 
after  two  years'  ser- 
vice.    If   Mr.    Burn- 
ham as  a  young  man 
became    a   soldier 
from  a  sense  of  duty, 
he  is  to-day  a  business 
man   from    predilec- 
tion and  because  his 
natural    gifts  fit  him 
for   commercial   life. 

His  business  career  commenced  in  1865,  when  he 
entered  the  service  of  Batchelder  Brothers  as  clerk. 
He  remained  here,  working  his  way  up  through  various 
positions  until  1868,  when  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  Charles  F.  Newell,  under  the  firm  name  of  Newell 
&  Burnham,  succeeding  to  the  coal  business  of  William 
Wood  &  Co.,  of  No.  132  Charles  Street.  This  partner- 
ship continued  until  1871,  when,  Mr.  Newell  retiring, 
the  firm  assumed  its  present  name  of  L.  G.  Burnham  cS: 


L.    G.    BURNHAM 


Co.  Mr.  Burnham  lends  material  business  aid  towards 
keeping  Boston  warm  in  winter,  his  firm  supplying  more 
coal  than  any  other  retail  house  in  the  State.  Mr. 
Burnham  was  born  in  the  town  and  county  of  Essex, 
Massachusetts,  on  Aug.  5,  1844.  He  is  the  son  of  Wash- 
ington and  Mary  B.  Burnham.  As  a  boy  he  attended 
the  district  schools  and  afterwards  the  Putnam  High 
School  at  Newburyport.  It  was  while  attending  the 
latter  that  the  note  of    the  war  was  sounded,  and  he 

enlisted    as    a    boy 
soldier.     Mr.    Burn- 
ham   was   formerly 
president    of    the 
Boston     Board     of 
Trade.     He    is    a 
director    in    various 
banks,  and   is  inter- 
ested in  many  social, 
business,  and   chari- 
table    organizations. 
In    politics   he    is    a 
consistent     Republi- 
can.   He  was  married 
in  1 881  to  Miss  May 
k.  Wood,  of  Lowell, 
Mass.     Mr.  Burnham 
resides  in  Boston,  but 
owns  a  pleasant  farm 
in    Essex,    which  he 
makes  his  home  dur- 
ing part  of  the   sum- 
mer  season.     He   is 
([uiet   and    business- 
like in  his  demeanor, 
coming   as    he   does 
of  sterling  New  Eng- 
land   stock.     In   the 
histories  of    Essex 
and  of  Essex  County, 
the    name    of    Burn- 
ham finds  an  honored  place,  and  the  family  record  has 
no  more  creditable  career  than  that  of  the  ex-president 
of  Boston's  Chamber  of  Commerce.     In   1892  he  was 
elected    president  of   the  Boston  Associated  Board   of 
Trade.     His  place  among  the  business  men  of  Boston 
is  an  enviable  one,  and  has  not  been  attained  without 
long  and  patient   endeavor  and  a  strict  adherence   to 
those   principles  of  commercial  integrity  that  animate 
the  best  element  among  Boston  merchants. 


86 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


ONE    of    the    first   trade    organizations   formed    in 
Boston  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  together,  in  a 
social  way,  men  in  the  same  line  of  business,  and  thus 
])romoting  a  spirit  of  solidarity,  was  the  Paint  and  Oil 
Club,  of  New  England,  which   was  organized  in   1884. 
Among  the   most  active  of   its  founders    was  John  I). 
Morton,  who  served  as  its  president  during  the  years 
1886  and  1S87.     From  this  club  have  come  other  clubs 
of  the  same  kind  in   most   of   the    large   cities    of    the 
United    States,    and, 
later  on,  the  National 
Paint,  Oil,  and  Var- 
nish Association,   in 
the   formation  of 
which    Mr.    Morton 
took  an  active   part, 
being     one    of     the 
New    England    club 
delegates      that 
brought     about     its 
organization.     F  o  1  - 
lowing  the  Paint  and 
Oil  Club,  other  orga- 
nizations of  a  similar 
nature  arose,  making 
possible    the    forma- 
tion  of    the    Boston 
Associated  Board  of 
Trade,  composed  of 
regularly  chosen  del- 
egates   from    twenty 
trade   organizations 
in   the    city,    thus 
being  perfectly  rep- 
resentative of  all  the 
city's  business  inter- 
ests.  In  the  creation 
of    the   Board    of 
Trade,   Mr.    Morton 
was  a  leading  spirit, 

being  the  one  who  first  suggested  the  idea  of  forming 
such  an  association.  He  called  the  first  meeting,  which 
resulted  in  its  organization,  served  as  its  first  vice-presi- 
dent, and  as  chairman  of  its  committee  on  postal  affairs, 
and  helped  perhaps  more  than  any  other  person  to 
secure  improved  mail  service  between  Boston  and  New 
York.  Mr.  Morton  was  born  in  Athol,  Mass.,  Oct.  3, 
1830,  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Olive  (Morse)  Morton. 
His    great-grandfather,    Richard    Morton,    came    from 


JOHN    D.    MORTON 


Hadley,  Mass.,  and  was  one  of  the  first  seven  settlers  of 
Athol.  Mr.  Morton  left  school  at  fifteen  years  of  age 
and  entered  a  country  store  in  the  adjoining  town  of 
Royalston,  where  he  remained  for  three  years,  after 
which  he  spent  a  year  in  school.  Then  for  three  years 
he  was  in  a  country  store  in  what  is  now  the  town  of 
Putnam,  Conn.  He  came  to  Boston  in  1853  and  soon 
after  entered  the  counting-room  of  Stimson&  Valentine, 
dealers   in   ]iaints,   oils,  and  varnishes,   remaining    with 

this  firm   until   1859. 
In  1859   he  became 

connected    with    the 

house  of  Banker  & 
C  arpe  nt  er,  in  the 
same  line  of  business, 
and  was  admitted  as 
partner  in  1864,  the 
firm  name  being 
changed  in  1868  to 
Carpenter,  W  o  o  d  - 
ward  &  Morton,  and 
is  now  composed  of 
G.  O.  Carpenter, 
J.  D.  Morton,  F.  H. 
Newton,  and  E.  A. 
Rogers.  This  house 
is  one  of  the  largest 
in  its  line  in  New 
England,  doing  a 
heavy  business  in  the 
manufacture  and  im- 
portation of  paints, 
varnishes,  and  artist 
materials.  For  many 
years,  and  until  the 
formation  of  the  lead 
trust,  Mr.  Morton  was 
the  New  England 
manager  of  the  St. 
Louis  Lead  and  Oil 
Company.  In  1862  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maria  E. 
Wesson,  daughter  of  William  C.  Wesson,  of  Hardwick, 
Mass.,  and  granddaughter  of  the  Rev.  William  B.  Wesson, 
in  his  day  a  well-known  Massachusetts  divine.  Mr.  Mor- 
ton resides  in  Roxbury.  Pie  has  three  children ;  one  of 
his  daughters  being  the  wife  of  Joseph  H.  Goodspeed, 
treasurer  of  the  West  End  Street  Railway  C'ompany.  Few 
men  in  the  LTnited  States  possess  a  wider  knowledge  of 
the  ramifications  of  the  paint  and  oil  industry. 


BOSTON    BOARD    OF    TRADE. 


87 


WIT. LI  AM    A.    FRENCrf,  president   of    the  Mas- 
sachusetts   National    Bank,    is    well  known    in 
business  and  financial  circles  in  Boston,  where  he  was 
born   Oct.  17,   1843,  being  the  son  of   Abrani  P'rench, 
lor  many  years  and  until  his  death  the  head  of  the  great 
crockery  and  glassware  house  of  Abram  French  &  Co. 
Abram  French  built  up  this  famous  house  and  made  it 
what  it  is  to-day,  the  largest  dealer  in  china  and  glass- 
ware in  New  England,  if  not  in  the  country.     William 
A.  French  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Chaun- 
cy    Hall     School, 
then     and     now    a 
famous       institution, 
and  at  Harvard  Uni- 
\'ersity,    from    which 
he  graduated  in  the 
class    of    1S65.      In 
1867  he  entered  the 
house    of     Abram 
French   &  Co.,  as  a 
member  of  the  firm, 
and    remained   there 
twenty-five      years, 
until     the    present 
Abram  French  Com- 
pany  was    incorpor- 
ated.    Mr.  French  is 
now  president  of  the 
Abram  French  Com- 
pany and  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Bos- 
ton Associated  Board 
of   Trade  and  other 
organi  z  a  t  i  o  n  s.     In 
1884  he  was  made  a 
director  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts National 
Bank,  and    on  April 
4,     1887,    he    was 

elected  its  president.  The  Massachusetts  Bank  was 
organized  March  18,  1784,  and  commenced  business 
July  5  of  that  year,  being  the  oldest  bank  in  New 
England.  It  was  originally  composed  of  wealthy  sub- 
scribers, who  fixed  the  par  value  of  the  shares  at  five 
hundred  dollars,  to  keep  them  out  of  the  hands  of  the 
people.  Its  original  capital  was  three  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  which  was  reduced  in  1786  to  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  and  then  gradually  increased  until,  in 


WILLIAM    A.    FRENCH 


iSio,  it  had  risen  to  one  million,  six  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  but  in  182 1  was  reduced  to  one  half  that 
amount,  and  the  par  value  of  the  stock  reduced  from 
five  hundred  dollars  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars. 
When  first  chartered,  the  bank  purchased  the  building 
known  in  colonial  days  as  the  Manufactory  House,  at 
the  corner  of  the  present  Tremont  Street  and  Hamilton 
Place,  for  four  thousand  dollars.  The  same  property 
to-day  is  valued  at  upwards  of  five  million  dollars.     The 

original  building  was 
sold  and  pulled  down 
in    1806,    when    the 
bank  removed  to  No. 
66  State  Street,  where 
it  remained  for  more 
than     sixty     years. 
After   the    great   fire 
of    1872,    the    bank 
removed    to    Post- 
Office  Square,  where 
it    continued    until 
January,  1892,  when 
its  business  had  in- 
creased   to    such    an 
extent   as    to  render 
its  removal  necessary 
to   more   spacious 
quarters,    which    are 
now  occupied   by  it 
in    the    Exchange 
P.uilding,    No.    53 
State    Street.     The 
belief  which  is  almost 
universal,  that  the 
fibre  paper  used    by 
the    Government  for 
its  notes  and  bonds 
is    patented,    is    an 
erroneous     one. 
There  'is    nothing 
patentable  about  the  idea,  for  more  than  fifty  years  ago 
the    Massachusetts    Bank   printed    its    notes    on   paper 
through  which  fibres  of  red  silk  were  liberally  distrib- 
uted, in  much  the  same  manner  as  is  now  done  in  the 
Government  paper,  and  for  the  same  reason :  the  pre- 
vention of   counterfeiting.     Mr.  French  married  Olivia 
C,  daughter  of  Oliver  S.  Chapman,  of  Canton,  Mass. ; 
they  have  four  children.     His  residence  is  in  Jamaica 
Plain. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM  O.    BLANEV,   senior   member   of    the 
firm  of  Blaney,  Brown  &  Co.,  is  one  of   the 
best  known  business  men  in  the  city  of  Boston,  and  his 
name  is  intimately  associated  with  many  of  its  prominent 
institutions.     He  was  born  in  Bristol,  Me.,  on  July  i6, 
1841,  the  son  of  Arnold  and  Nancy   (Hunter)  Blaney. 
Arnold  Blaney  was  for  many  years  judge  of  probate  of 
Lincoln  County,  Maine,  and  also  held  many  other  promi- 
nent public  positions.     Mr.  Blaney  was  educated  in  the 
public    schools    of 
Bristol,    and   at    the 
Lincoln  Academy. 
In  1864  he  came  to 
Boston   and  entered 
the  employ  of  Davis 
&  Crosby,  flour  and 
grain  merchants.   He 
showed  early  an  apti- 
tude   for    the    voca- 
tion,   and    in     1869 
succeeded     to     the 
business  of  the  firm, 
under    the    name    of 
W.  O.  Blaney.     This 
style  was  maintained 
for  a  few  years,  when 
it    was    changed    to 
Crosby     &     Blaney. 
In    1879,   upon    the 
death  of  Mr.  Crosby, 
L.  S.  Brown  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  partner- 
ship,   and    the    firm 
has  since  been  known 
as  Blaney,  Brown  &: 
Co.     This    house    is 
to-day  probably   the 
largest  dealer  in  and 
receiver  of  flour  and 
grain    in     the     city. 

Mr.  Blaney  has  been  and  is  one  of  the  leading  members 
of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  In  1869  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Commercial  Exchange.  In  1879,  he 
was  made  a  director  of  the  exchange  and  held  that  office 
two  years.  He  then  served  as  vice-president  and  after- 
ward two  terms  as  president.  L^pon  the  consolidation 
of  the  Commercial  Exchange  and  the  Produce  Exchange, 
in  18S5,  under  the  name  of  the  Boston  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  he  was   appointed  chairman   of    the  Com- 


WILLIAM    0.    BLANEY 


mittee  on  Transportation,  and  afterwards  was  elected 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Arbitration.  One  of 
the  proudest  achievements  of  Mr.  Blaney's  connection 
with  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  was  the  ultimate  suc- 
cess of  his  proposition  to  erect  a  building  for  the  asso- 
ciation. In  1888  a  committee  was  appointed  to  secure 
a  site  for  a  new  building,  and  Mr.  Blaney  was  made 
chairman  of  this  committee.  In  the  following  year  he 
was   appointed    chairman  of    the   Building  Committee, 

and    the    present 
magnificent    struc- 
ture,    one    of    the 
handsomest   in  New 
England,    was    com- 
menced   in    April, 
1890,  and  completed 
in    February,     1892. 
There  was    more    or 
less  opposition  to  the 
scheme    from    the 
start,  but  Mr.  Blaney 
and     his     associates 
overcame    this,    and 
the    Chamber    of 
Commerce  to-day  as 
a  body  unites  in  giv- 
ing to   him    a   large 
share    of    the    credit 
for  what  has  proved 
a   wise   and    needed 
departure.     Mr. 
Blaney  has  been  for 
six   years  a  delegate 
from  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce    to    the 
Associated  Board  of 
Trade,   and    for    the 
past    year   has    held 
the  position  of  vice- 
president  of  the  latter 
body,  where    he    has  always  taken  a   deep  and    lively 
interest  in  all  questions   pertaining  to  the  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  city,  particularly  in  reference  to  trans- 
portation. Western,  international,  and  local.      He  is  a 
director  in  the  Commercial  Bank,  and  also  a  member 
of  several  business  and  social  clubs.     On  May  16,  1857, 
Mr.  Blaney  was  married  at  Bristol,  Me.,  to  Loella  E., 
daughter  of  William  Huston.  Their  children  are  Charles 
C.  and  Louise  Blaney. 


BOSTON  BOARD    OF    TRADE. 


89 


JONATHAN  BIGELOW,  merchant  and  legislator, 
was  l)orn  in  Conway,  Mass.,  his  American  ancestry 
going  back  to  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  was 
represented  by  John  Bigelow,  who  settled  in  Watertown 
in  1632  :  and  Mr.  Bigelow  has  been  present  at  many 
happy  reunions  of  the  family.  He  was  born  Jan.  i, 
1825,  and  is  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  ten  children. 
When  nine  years  of  age,  he  left  home  to  reside  with  his 
uncle  in  Charlestown,  who  was  engaged  in  the  butcher 
business.  On  his 
relative's  removal  to 
Brighton,  he  accom- 
p  a  n  i  e  d  him  and 
assisted  him  on  the 
farm.  It  was  here 
that  his  predilection 
for  intellectual  pur- 
suits became  appar- 
ent. He  attended 
school  during  the 
winter  months,  and 
took  advantage 
of  every  opportunity 
for  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge.  W  hen 
nineteen  years  o  f 
age  he  accepted  a 
position  to  teach 
school  in  Screven 
County,  Central 
Georgia,  sixty  miles 
from  Savannah.  This 
was  in  1844,  and  an 
idea  of  Southern 
customs  and  of  slav- 
ery before  the  war 
was  thus  obtained. 
Being  personally  ac- 
quainted both  with 
Northern  and  South- 
ern characteristics,  he  could  impartially  judge  in  refer- 
ence to  the  question  of  slavery.  In  1845  he  returned 
North  and  established  a  boot  and  shoe  business  in  Rox- 
bury.  This  was  successfully  carried  on  for  ten  years. 
Mr.  Bigelow's  desire  was,  however,  to  be  in  a  business 
which  would  allow  him  leisure  during  the  evenings,  and, 
as  he  had  studied  the  produce  commission  trade,  he  was 
well  qualified  to  go  into  that  business.  Accordingly,  in 
1857,  he  established  the  present  business  at  No.  3  North 


JONATHAN    BIGELOW. 


Market  Street,  removing  later  to  No.  25  North  Market 
Street,  and  in  1859  to  the  present  site.  The  business 
was  first  known  as  Perry  &  Bigelow,  then  by  its  present 
title,  Jonathan  Bigelow  &  Co.,  subsequently  as  Bigelow, 
Maynard  cS:  Magee,  then  Bigelow  &  Magee,  resuming  its 
present  style  again  in  1865.  By  the  above  data  it  will 
be  seen  that  Mr.  Bigelow  has  been  on  North  Market 
Street  thirty-five  years,  and  he  is  one  of  the  very  few 
produce     commission    merchants   who,    as    an    original 

]iartner,  has  been  on 
one  street  that  length 
of  time.    This  is  one 
of  the  oldest  houses 
in   Boston,    and    has 
always  paid  one  hun- 
dred   cents    on    the 
dollar.     Mr.  Bigelow 
is     a    representative 
merchant    of     the 
Ignited     States,     re- 
c  e  i  \-  i  n  g  consign- 
ments    from     more 
than  thirty  of  the  dif- 
ferent  States,  not 
counting    the    prov- 
inces.    He    is    re- 
spected   and    es- 
teemed   by    all    who 
know  him.     He  was 
elected   to  the  Leg- 
islature   for    1887 
from    the    sixteenth 
Middlesex  represen- 
tative    district,     h  e 
being   a    resident  of 
Watertown.     Daring 
the  year  he  presented 
three  important  bills, 
decidedly    advanced 
in  their  ideas,    viz. : 
for  registration  in  dentistry  ;  for  giving  women  who  were 
entitled  to  vote  on  school  committees  a  right  to  vote  on 
the  license  question ;  and  for  the  removal  of  obstruc- 
tions to  the  entrance  of  gambling  rooms.     Both  on  the 
floor,  where  Mr.  Bigelow  showed  himself  an  able  speaker, 
and  in  committees,  where  the  great  bulk  of  the  work  is 
done,  he  worked  for  the  best  interests  of  the  State.    He 
has  always  had  much  to  do  in  the  Unitarian  Church  and 
Sunday  School. 


90 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


WALSTEIN    R.    CHESTER,  president  of  the  Bay 
State    Lumber  Dealers'  Association,  was  born 
in  New  London,  Conn.,  July  i6,  1833.     He  comes  of  an 
old    colonial  family,  many   of  whose    members    jslayed 
prominent  and  heroic  parts  in  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  in  the  War  of    181 2.     One   of   his  ancestors  was 
Captain   Jason  Chester,  whose    daughter    Rebecca  wit- 
nessed the  slaughter  of  American  troops  by  the  British 
at  the  fort  in  New  I^ondon,  when  three  of  her  brothers 
(Mr.  Chester's  great 
uncles)   were   killed. 
Rebecca      afterward 
married     Lieutenant 
James  Chester  Reed, 
who,    on   account  of 
his  love  for  her,  re- 
signed   his    commis- 
sion   in     the    British 
Army.      Their    son. 
Captain  James  Ches- 
ter     Reed,     com- 
manded  the    Ameri- 
can privateer,  "  Gen- 
eral Armstrong,"    in 
the  War  of  181 2,  and 
at  Fayal  avenged  the 
death  of   his  uncles. 
Mr.  Chester's  great- 
grandfather   was    a 
paymaster    in    the 
Revolutionary    W  a  r. 
Two    of    Mr.    Ches- 
ter's brothers   in- 
herited   the    naval 
spirit  of  their  ances- 
tors,  one    of    them, 
Colby  M.,  being  the 
commandant  of   the 
cadets  of  the  United 
States    Naval    Acad- 
emy, and   the  other  having  been  a    lieutenant    in    the 
revenue  marine    service.     Their  parents  were    Mehille 
and    Frances    (Harris)    Chester.     Walstein  R.   t'hester 
obtained  his  education  at  the  Bartlett  Cram  mar  School 
in  New  London,  and  later  was  associated  with  his  father 
in  the  lumber  Inisiness  in  that  city,  remaining  there  until 
i860.     In   1862  he  married  Marietta  C.  Carr,  daughter 
of  Henry   W.  Carr,  of   Brookline,  Mass.,  and    in   1865 
moved  to  Brookline,  where  he  has  since  resided.     He 


WALSTEIN    R.    CHESTER. 


has  been  in  the  wholesale  lumber  business  in  Boston 
for  the  last  few  years,  under  the  firm  name  of  Walstein 
R.  Chester  &  Co.  Mr.  Chester  is  i)rominently  indenti- 
fied  with  the  lumber  interests  of  New  England.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Bay  State  Lumber 
Dealers'  Association,  which  has  accomplished  so  much 
in  promoting  the  welfare  of  the  trade.  Mr.  Chester  is 
the  delegate  of  the  association  to  the  Boston  Associated 
Board  of  Trade,  and  also  to  the  Massachusetts  Board 

of  Trade.  He  is  the 
Boston  representa- 
tive of  many  large 
lumber  mills  in 
Maine  and  Canada. 
"^  His    other    business 

interests  include  a 
directorship  in  the 
Davol  Mills  of  Fall 
River,  and  he  has 
also  been  a  director 
in  the  Somerset  and 
Johnsonburg  Pottery 
Company  of  Penn- 
sylvania, one  of  the 
largest  concerns  of 
its  kind  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Chester  has  long 
been  prominent  in 
the  business  affairs 
of  his  town,  and 
also  in  the  local  and 
State  politics  of 
Massachusetts.  For 
five  years  he  was 
chairman  of  the 
Brookline  Republi- 
can Town  Commit- 
tee, and  for  about 
the  same  length  of 
time  was  president 
of  the  Brookline  Republican  Club,  one  of  the  vigorous 
political  organizations  of  the  State.  He  is  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Boston  Home  Market  Club.  Mr.  Chester 
has  achieved  eminent  success  in  his  business  affairs 
and  is  held  in  the  highest  esteem  by  all  his  associates. 
He  has  steadily  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  public 
office,  though  nominations  have  often  been  proffered  to 
him.  Mr.  Chester's  family  consists  of  his  wife  and  three 
children,  one  son  and  two  daughters. 


BOSTON  BOARD    OF   TRADE. 


91 


EDWARD  H.  HASKELL,  one  of  the  best  known 
men  in  the  jiaper  trade  of  Boston,  was  born  in 
Gloucester,  Oct.  5,  1845,  the  son  of  \Villiani  H.  and 
Mary  (Smith)  HaskelL  He  attended  the  common  and 
high  schools,  and,  in  1859,  took  up  the  profession  of 
journalism  in  the  office  of  the  Gloucester  Tflcgraph. 
On  Sept.  28,  1 86 1,  he  enlisted  in  Company  C,  Twenty- 
third  Regiment,  Massachusetts  ^■oh^lteers.  In  Decem- 
ber he  was  ordered  to  sjjecial  duty  with  the  Signal 
Corps  of  the  Burn- 
side  expedition. 
His  first  engage- 
ments were  at  Roan- 
oke Island,  Newbern 
(where  he  was 
slightly  wounded), 
and  at  Fort  Macon. 
In  1862  he  was 
ordered  to  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and 
was  soon  transferred 
to  the  army  of  Cien- 
eral  Pope  in  Virginia 
and  participated  in 
the  engagements  at 
Cedar  Mountain, 
Kelly's  Ford,  Rappa- 
hannock Station, 
Manassas  Junction, 
and  Bull  Run.  From 
September,  1862,  to 
August,  1863,  he  was 
an  instructor  in  signal 
service  at  the  Camp 
of  Instruction  at 
Georgetown,  D.  C, 
taking  part  in  short 
campaigns  against 
General  Lee's  army. 
In  the  East  Tennes- 
see campaign  of  the  following  winter  he  was  with  (ieneral 
Burnside  at  the  siege  of  Knoxville,  and  in  June,  1864,  he 
was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Schofield,  then  with  Gen- 
eral Sherman  in  Georgia.  He  was  almost  continuously 
under  fire  at  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Marietta,  and  in  the 
investment  of  Atlanta.  Upon  his  return  to  (Tloucester 
he  re-entered  the  office  of  the  Gloucester  Telegraph, 
which  he  was  forced  to  leave  after  two  years  because  of 
failing   health,    when    he    entered    mercantile    life.     In 


EDWARD    H.    HASKELL 


1875  he  became  interested  in  the  paper  trade,  and  soon 
laid  the  foundation  of  his  present  large  and  successful 
business.  He  is  also  interested  in  the  manufacture  of 
paper  of  various  grades,  and  is  treasurer  of  the  Rumford 
Falls  Paper  Company,  whose  mills  are  destined  to  be 
the  leading  newspaper  mills  of  the  country.  His  high 
standing  in  the  trade  led  to  his  selection  as  president  of 
the  Boston  Paper  Trade  Association,  and  he  has  been, 
and  is,  an  active  member  of   the  Associated  Board  of 

Trade  of  Boston.    In 
1877    Colonel    Has- 
kell   was    elected    to 
the  I-egislature  from 
Gloucester,    and     in 
tSSo     he    was    ap- 
jiointed     assistant 
adjutant-general     on 
the  staff  of  Governor 
Long,  and  served  in 
that    capacity    three 
years.     In    1879    he 
was  elected  secretary 
of     the     Republican 
State   Committee, 
and    rendered    valu- 
able services  in  that 
office    duri  ng    four 
years.     In  1880,  and 
also  in  1884,  he  was 
a    delegate    to   the 
National  Republican 
Convention    in    Chi- 
cago.     In    1882,   he 
was     elected     coun- 
cillor  from   the  fifth 
district,   and  -served 
with   Governor   But- 
ler.    Two  years  later 
he    was    the    senior 
member  of  Governor 
Robinson's  council.     As  chairman  of  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee of  the  encampment  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  in  Boston,  in   1890,  Colonel  Haskell  rendered 
valuable   aid.     In  the  military  and  in  the  business  circles 
of  the  city  he  is  equally  popular.     Colonel  Haskell  was 
married  June  27,  1866,  to  Hattie  J.,  daughter  of  William 
and  Sarah  H.  Munsey,  who,    with   their  family  of  one 
son  and    two  daughters,  now  reside    at  their  beautiful 
home  in  Newton. 


92 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  vital  importance  of  medicine  in  the  homes  of 
the  people  places  the  wholesale  drug  trade  in  the 
front  ranks  of  commercial  and  industrial  pursuits,  apart 
from  the  enormous  capital  invested  in  it.     Boston  is  the 
centre  of  this  trade   for  Massachusetts,  and  is  also  the 
point  from  which  drugs  and  medicines  are  distributed 
throughout  New  England.     It  is  appropriate,  therefore, 
that  this  branch  of  commerce  should  hold  a  place  in 
this  work,  and  that  its  selected  representative  should  be 
a  Bostonian.     Mr. 
Charles  A.  West,  the 
recipient   of    this 
honor,    ranks     high 
among  druggists,  be- 
ing president  of  the 
Boston     Druggists' 
Association  and  trus- 
tee of  the  Massachu- 
setts College  of  Phar- 
macy ;  the  last  named 
position  has    been 
held  by  him  for  the 
past  three  years.   His 
business  house.  West 
&    Jenney,    Broad 
Street,    corner    of 
Franklin,  is  young  in 
years,  but  it  controls 
the  greatest  import- 
ing business  of   any 
firm  in  the  New  Eng- 
land trade.    Mr.  West 
was  born  in  Boston 
April  4,  1850.     After 
studying  in  the  pub- 
lic   grammar    and 
English  High  schools 
he  went  to  work   as 
an  oiifice  boy  in  the 
wholesale  drug  house 

of  Reed,  Cutler  &  Co.,  now  Cutler  Bros.  &  Co.,  and 
gradually  rose  to  i)ositions  of  trust  and  confidence.  In 
January,  1887,  in  company  with  a  fellow-salesman,  Mr. 
Bernard  Jenney,  Jr.,  he  established  the  firm  of  which  he 
is  now  the  senior  partner.  Both  members  of  the  firm 
were  popular  in  the  trade,  and  their  new  house  immedi- 
ately sprang  into  astonishing  favor.  By  skilful  manage- 
ment these  gentlemen  acquired  note  as  importers,  and 
incidentally  secured  supremacy  in  the  camphor  business 


CHARLES    A.    WEST. 


of  New  f^ngland.  To-day,  they  own  two  camphor 
refineries,  a  factory  for  subliming  camphor,  a  phar- 
maceutical laboratory,  and  an  immense  warehouse. 
They  are  also  among  the  principal  holders  of  stock  in 
the  Dana  Sarsaparilla  Company,  which  manufactures  a 
jireparation  having  a  permanent  hold  upon  public  favor. 
Agencies  are  maintained  in  every  large  centre  of  com- 
merce in  the  world.  Mr.  West  is  devoted  to  the  exact- 
ing duties  of  his  large  business,  and  he  is  pre-eminently 

one  of   that  class  of 
men  who  have  abso- 
lutely no  time  for  the 
duties  of  public   life. 
Consequently,  he  has 
never  permitted  him- 
self  to   be    led    into 
public    affairs,    al- 
though   often  solici- 
ted   by    his    friends 
a  n  d     neighbors,    i  n 
the  city  of   his  resi- 
dence,    Somerville, 
the   pleasant  suburb 
of  Boston.    Mr.  West 
is  connected  with  all 
of     the     prominent 
associations   of    his 
trade,   among  which 
are    the    National 
Wholesale  Druggists' 
Association    and  the 
American       Pharma- 
ceutical .'Association. 
Both  of  these  organ- 
izations   have     re- 
ceived   benefit   from 
his  willing  work  and 
ready    brain.      With 
his    family — a    wife 
and    daughter  —  he 
occupies  a  prominent  social  iiosition  in  Somerville.     He 
is  the  president  of  the  most  exclusive  social  organization 
of  that  city,  the  Central  Club,  whose  house  is  the  scene 
of   many   pleasant  gatherings  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
during  the  winter  months  of  each  year.     As  trustee  of 
the  public  library  of  Somerville  he  has  done  much  to 
increase  its  usefulness,  and  he  lends  his  active  and  ener- 
getic aid  to  every  movement  that  contemjilates  the  bet- 
terment of  the  town. 


BOSTON  BOARD    OF   TRADE. 


93 


THE  New  England  Furniture  Exchange  is  one  of  the 
most  efficient  business  men's  organizations  in  the 
country.  It  was  organized  in  1874,  at  a  time  when 
there  were  a  great  many  faihires  in  the  trade,  and  when 
the  manufacturers  began  to  see  the  necessity  of  check- 
ing the  growth  of  certain  evils.     One  of  the  incorpora- 


solved  in  1872,  since  which  time  Mr.  Brown  carried  on 
the  business  alone  until  July  i,  1891,  when  his  son-in- 
law,  Mr.  Fred  S.  Belding,  was  admitted  to  the  firm.  In 
1875  he  moved  to  No.  87  Union  Street,  his  present  loca- 
tion. Since  1872  the  style  of  the  firm  has  been  F.  A. 
Brown  &  Co.     He  manufactures   fine  parlor  furniture, 


tors  of  the  exchange  in  1879,  and  its  president  in   i8go      and  has  established  one  of  the  most  enviable  business 


and  1 89 1,  is  Frank  A.  Brown.  Before  his  election  to 
the  presidency  he  had  been  treasurer  of  the  exchange 
for  ten  years.  He 
was  born  in  Boston, 
June  I,  1839,  the 
son  of  Francis  and 
Elizabeth  (Herman) 
Brown.  He  was 
educated  in  the 
schools  of  Chelsea, 
and,  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  went  to 
work  as  clerk  in  the 
Suffolk  Bank,  Boston. 
Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  and  in 
1862  enlisted  as 
private  in  Company 
G,  Fortieth  Massa- 
chusetts Infantry, 
serving  in  the  Armies 
of  the  Potomac,  the 
James  and  the  De- 
partment of  Florida. 
He  was  in  e v e r \- 
battle  and  in  four 
sieges,  in  which  his 
regiment  partici- 
pated, and  was  pro- 
moted to  lieutenant. 
During  the  whole 
three  years  of  his 
field  service  he  never 

lost  a  day's  duty.  On  returning  to  Boston,  in  1865,  he  Chelsea,  Mass.  They  have  one  daughter  living,  who  is 
became  bookkeeper  for  Woodbury  &  Gray,  furniture  married.  Mr.  Brown  has  a  pleasant  home  in  Newton, 
manufacturers,  and  remained  with  them  three  years.  Mass.  He  is  a  most  affable  gentleman,  and  is  very 
Then  he  went  to  Buckley  &  Bancroft  as  salesman  for  popular  in  social  circles.  He  is  still  in  the  prime  of  his 
one  year,  and  in  1869  formed  a  partnership  with  Arthur  powers,  and  is  one  of  the  best  representatives  of  New 
McArthur,  under  the  firm  name  of  McArthur  &  ^Srown.  England  business  character.  Mr.  Brown  has  never 
The  firm  manufactured  parlor  furniture,  and  at  first  was  sought  political  honors,  being  engrossed  in  business,  and 
located  on  Haverhill  Street,  moving  subsequently  to  the  preferring  the  quietness  of  his  family  and  social  life  to 
corner  of  Portland  and  Travers  streets.     The  firm  dis-      the  turmoil  of  a  political  career. 


FRANK    A.    BROWN. 


reputations  in  all  New  England.  He  is  treasurer  of  the 
Boston  Furniture  Club,  in  which  he  has  taken  a  promi- 
nent part  since  its 
organization.  On  all 
matters  relating  to 
the  furniture  trade 
Mr.  Brown  is  con- 
sidered an  excellent 
authority,  as  he  is 
thoroughly  informed. 
Having  been  one 
of  the  most  active 
members  of  the 
New  England  Fur- 
niture p;  X  c  h  a  n  g  e 
almost  since  the  day 
it  was  formed,  he  is 
widely  known  in  the 
furniture  trade  of  the 
country.  The  ex- 
change includes  all 
the  furniture  manu- 
facturers of  promi- 
nence in  New  Eng- 
land. Mr.  Brown  is 
also  a  member  of  the 
Ancient  Order  of 
United  Workmen, 
and  of  the  Royal 
.\rcanu  m .  Mr. 

Brown  was  married, 
in  i860,  to  Miss 
Mary    E.    Lewis,    of 


94 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


FRANK  ],.  YOUNG,  one  of  the  most  prominent 
members  of  the  Boston  f5oard  of  Trade,  stands  at 
the  head  of  what  is  believed  to  be  the  largest  oil  manu- 
facturing house  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Young  is  a 
native  of  the  neighboring  State  of  Rhode  Island,  having 
been  born  at  Slatersville  in  that  State,  Nov.  20,  1852. 
While  he  was  still  a  child  his  parents  moved  to  Milford, 
Mass.,  and  in  the  schools  of  that  thriving  manufacturing 
town  and  the  neighboring  one  of  Hopedale,  Mr.  Young 
received  h  i  s  early 
education.  His  fam- 
ily were  in  humble 
circumstances,  and 
it  is  his  proud  boast 
to-day,  when  he  is 
in  affluent  circum- 
stances, that  it  is  to 
New  England  grit 
and  perse\erance  he 
owes  the  fact  that  he 
was  enabled  to  secure 
for  himself  a  collegi- 
ate education.  After 
receiving  h  i  s  pre- 
paratory training  in 
the  schools  of  his 
own  home,  he  en- 
tered Brown  Univer- 
sity, from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1874.  On 
leaving  college,  he 
at  once  devoted  him- 
self to  business  pur- 
suits, entering  the 
oil  trade,  and  he  is 
now  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  and 
extensive  dealers  in 
that    commodity    in 

this  country.  Gradually,  and  without  any  linancial 
assistance  whatever,  he  built  uj:!  his  business  until  it 
reached  the  vast  proportions  which  it  has  assumed  at  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Young  has  extensive  dealings  with 
the  currier,  mill  and  other  trades.  He  handles  also  other 
kindred  products  besides  oils,  and  owns  an  immense 
and  well  appointed  store  in  Boston,  which  is  said  to  lie 
the  largest  and  best  equipped  of  its  kind  in  America. 
It  is  located  on  Purchase  Street.     He  has,  in  addition  to 


FRANK    L.    YOUNG. 


this  store,  a  factory  at  South  Boston,  which  covers  up- 
wards of  two  thirds  of  an  acre  of  ground  in  one  build- 
ing, besides  a  considerable  extent  of  yard  room  for  the 
storage  of  his  goods.  Mr.  Young  is  likewise  extensively 
engaged  in  the  manufacturing  and  refining  business,  the 
products  of  which  he  sells  in  every  market  throughout 
the  United  States,  in  addition  to  doing  a  very  large  for- 
eign export  trade.  His  oils  have  long  been  known  and 
regarded  with  favor  by  dealers  for  their  excellent  proper- 
ties. Associated  with 
him  in  business,  as 
special  partner,  i  s 
General  \Villiam  F. 
Draper  of  Hopedale. 
Mr.  Young  is  very 
well  known  and 
popular  among  the 
members  of  the 
trade,  and  among 
business  men  gen- 
erally, as  was  evi- 
denced by  the  fact 
that  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Oil 
Trade  Association, 
the  membership  of 
which  practically  in- 
cludes every  large 
dealer  in  the  oil 
trade  in  the  New 
England  States.  He 
is  also  a  director  of 
several  manufactur- 
ing corporations,  as 
well  as  a  member  of 
the  Boston  Associ- 
ated Board  of  Trade. 
Mr  Young  is  some- 
thing of  a  club  man, 
being  connected  with 
the  University  and  other  clubs,  where  his  genial  nature 
and  good-fellowship  have  served  to  make  him  a  general 
favorite.  He  exemplifies  as  perfectly  as  any  business 
man  in  Boston  that  type  of  strong,  self-reliant  character 
which  surmounts  all  obstacles,  and,  w^ith  no  aid  from 
external  sources,  but  depending  solely  on  his  own  pow- 
ers, achie\  es  a  most  remarkable  and  thoroughly  deserved 
success.  Mr.  Young's  family  consists  of  his  wife,  three 
sons,  and  a  daughter,  who  reside  with  him  in  Boston. 


BOSTON  BOARD    OF   TRADE. 


95 


A  STRIKING    feature    in    the    commercial   life    of 
Boston  within   the  last  ten  years  has  been  the 
removal   of   barriers    that  formerly   separated    men    in 
the  same  line  of  business.      A  competitor  was  once  an 
enemy,  with  whom  no  relations  were   to  be  held,  and 
who  was  not  even  to  be  recognized  on  the  street.     Busi- 
ness  men,    however,    have   learned    the   advantages  of 
getting  acquainted  with  their  rivals  and  have  found  the 
utility  of  trade  clubs.     One  of  the  first  of  these  organi- 
zations was  the  Dry- 
salters'  Club  of  New 
England,    composed 
of  manufacturers  and 
dealers    in    dyestuffs 
and  chemicals.    'I'his 
club    was  formed    in 
March,     1885,    by 
Henry  D.  Dupee  and 
about  a  dozen  other 
gentlemen    in     the 
same  line  of  business. 
Mr.    Dupee    was   its 
first    president,    and 
has  been  four  times 
re-elected    to    that 
office.      Ever    since 
i  t  s    formation    the 
club  has  been  one  of 
the   most    influential 
of    the    many   trade 
organizations  in  Bos- 
ton, having  represen- 
tation in  the  Associ- 
ated Board  of  Trade 
and  in  the  Executive 
Business    Men's   As- 
sociation.     Mr. 
Dupee  is  of  Hugue- 
not descent,  his  an- 
cestors,   the    Dupuis 

family,  coming  to  Boston  about  the  year  1700,  soon 
after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  John 
Dupuis,  the  first  settler  of  the  family  in  America,  was 
elder  of  the  old  Huguenot  church  in  Boston.  The 
spelling  of  the  family  name  was  changed  to  Dupee,  in 
order  to  preserve,  as  far  as  possible,  its  French  pronun- 
ciation. Mr.  Dupee's  paternal  great-grandfather  was 
a  captain  in  the  Revolutionary  War  under  General 
Washington,    and    his    maternal   great-grandfather   was 


HENRY    D.    DUPEE 


killed  at  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill.  Mr.  Dupee  was 
born  in  Dorchester,  June  28,  1848,  the  son  of  James  A. 
and  Elizabeth  (Baldwin)  Dupee.  His  father  was  a 
noted  Boston  banker.  After  studying  in  public  and 
private  schools,  in  Roxbury,  Brookline,  and  Boston,  he 
entered  the  Military  Academy  at  Worcester,  and  subse- 
quently went  to  the  old  Park  Latin  School  in  Boston, 
where  he  remained  one  year.  In  1865,  having  deter- 
mined to  learn  the  chemical,  paint  and  oil  business,  he 

went    to     work     for 
Thayer,  Babson  & 
Co.,  of  Kilby  Street. 
He    remained    three 
years  with  this  firm, 
and  then  went  to  the 
Boston  Diatite  Com- 
pany, of  which,  one 
year  later,  at  the  age 
of     twenty-one,     h  e 
was    made    superin- 
tendent.   Severing 
his  connection    with 
this    company    in 
1870,  he   went    into 
business  on  his  own 
account     as     broker 
and  commission 
merchant    in    dye- 
stuffs,    and    in    187 i 
began,    in     a    small 
way,  the  manufacture 
of  colors.     His  busi- 
ness   developing,  he 
built   the    factory  at 
\\'alpole,  which  now 
covers  four  acres  and 
is   devoted    to    the 
m  a  n  u  fa  c  t  u  r  e  of  a 
great  variety  of  dye- 
stuffs  and  chemicals. 
It  has  the  reputation  of  being  the  best  appointed  plant 
of  its  kind  in  the  country.     Mr.  Dupee  is  a  trustee  of 
several  private  estates ;  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable 
Mechanic   Association ;    director   in   several    manufac- 
turing corporations ;  and  past  master  of  the  Lodge  of 
Eleusis,  F.  and  A.  M. ;  member  of  St.  Bernard  Com- 
mandery.  Knights  Templars  ;    of  the  L^nion,    Athletic, 
and  other  social  clubs.     He  was  married  in    1872    to 
Mary  I.  .Sumner.     They  have  two  children. 


96 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  Boston  Fruit  and  Produce  Exchange  is  one  of 
the  most  efficient  and  vigorous  organizations  of 
business  men  in  the  city.  It  is  alive  to  all  the  interests 
of  Boston,  and  its  influence  has  largely  helped  to  secure 
better  transportation  facilities  between  Boston  and  the 
West  and  South.  Its  president  is  Charles  G.  Roberts^ 
who  was  born  in  Lyman,  Me.,  in  1846.  He  comes  of 
Revolutionary  stock  on  both  his  father's  and  mother's 
side.  His  paternal  and  maternal  great-grandfathers 
were  both  soldiers  in 
the  Revolutionary 
War,  and  both  served 
with  distinction,  the 
former  enlisting  when 
he  was  twenty-one 
and  being  in  the 
battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.  He  died  at 
the  age  of  ninety- 
four.  Mr.  Roberts's 
ancestors  came  from 
England  and  settled 
near  Dover,  N.  H., 
from  where  his  great- 
grandfather moved 
to  Lyman,  Me.,  and 
took  a  farm,  which 
still  remains  in  the 
Roberts  family. 
The  old  house,  which 
was  built  about 
ninety  years  ago,  is 
standing  yet,  and  is 
now  occupied  by  the 
fourth  generation. 
Mr.  Roberts  received 
his  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native  town,  and  in 
jjrivate     schools. 

When  about  eighteen  years  of  age  he  left  home  and 
came  to  Boston,  and  became  connected  with  X.  Boyn- 
ton  &  Co.,  the  well-known  cotton-duck  house.  This 
was  in  January,  1867.  To  the  experience  he  received 
while  in  the  em]jloyment  of  this  house  he  owes  much  of 
his  future  success.  He  remained  with  N.  lioynton  & 
Co.  four  years,  and  then  engaged  as  salesman  for  the 
firm  of  Bennett,  Rand  &  Co.,  produce  commission 
merchants.     This    situation    he  held    for  eleven   vears, 


CHARLES    G.    ROBERTS 


being  very  highly  esteemed  by  his  employers  and  by  all 
his  business  associates.  In  1882  he  severed  his  connec- 
tion with  Bennett,  Rand  &  Co.,  and  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Patch,  under  the  firm  name  of  Patch  & 
Roberts,  which  relation  still  continues.  The  firm  has 
established  and  maintains  a  high  reputation  among  the 
merchants  of  Boston.  They  are  heavy  receivers  of 
butter,  eggs,  and  poultry  from  the  West,  as  well  as  being 
the    largest    receivers   in   New    England   of   pineapples 

direct  from  the 
grower.  The  firm's 
name  is  known  all 
through  the  South 
as  solid  and  safe 
consignees  of  fruit 
and  produce.  Mr. 
Roberts  is  a  promi- 
nent member  of  the 
Boston  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  and  is 
one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  Bos- 
ton Fruit  and  Pro- 
duce Exchange,  in 
which  he  has  always 
been  a  faithful 
worker,  and  of  which 
he  was  elected  pres- 
ident in  January, 
1892.  Mr.  Roberts 
resides  in  Chelsea, 
and  there  he  has 
always  taken  a  lively 
interest  in  municipal 
affairs.  He  was 
twice  elected  to  the 
Common  Coimcil  of 
Chelsea,  and  for 
three  years  he  served 
on  the  B o a r d  of 
Aldermen.  In  this  capacity  he  brought  his  excellent 
business  instincts  to  bear  on  municiiial  matters,  and  was 
enabled  to  serve  the  city  both  with  honor  to  himself  and 
with  jirofit  to  his  constituents.  Mr.  Roberts  is  a  charter 
member  of  the  Commonwealth  Lodge  of  Odd  Fellows 
of  Boston,  a  member  of  Robert  Lash  Lodge  of  Free 
Masons,  the  Royal  .Arcanum  and  the  Chelsea  Review 
Club.  In  1873  he  married  Miss  Serena  Ann  Morgan, 
of  Surry,  Me.      They  have  two  children. 


BOSTON  BOARD    OF    TRADE. 


97 


EISTACE  CAREY  FITZ  has  become  widely  known 
as  one  of  the  most  public-spirited  and  soundest 
business  men  in  Massachusetts.     He  is  the  senior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm  of  Fitz,  Dana  &  Co.,  of   Boston,  iron 
and  steel  merchants,  with  which  firm  he  has  been  con- 
nected  for  more   than  a  quarter  of   a  century.     He  is 
also  identified  with  some  of  the  largest  business  corpo- 
rations of  the  city  and  .State,  and  is  now  a  director  of 
the   New  York  and   New  England    Railroad  Company, 
the  West  End  Street 
Railway  C  o  m  p  a  n  y, 
and  president  of  the 
Klackstone    National 
Hank    of    Boston. 
He    was    born    in 
Haverhill,  Mass.,  on 
Feb.  5,   1833,    being 
the  son  of  Jeremiah 
and    Hannah    Eaton 
Fitz.     When   he  was 
but    a    year    old    his 
parents   came    to 
Boston,  and  in  1841 
removed  to  Chelsea. 
Nearly    all    his    life 
he    has    made    the 
latter  city  his  home, 
and  its  citizens  have 
repeatedly     honored 
him     with     positions 
of  high  responsibility 
and   trust,    all    of 
which   he    has   filled 
with  credit    to    him- 
self and   his  city. 
He    attended    the 
public    schools    of 
Chelsea   and    gradu- 
ated from  the   High 
School.     On  Jan.  10, 

1856,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Jane,  daughter  of  Alfred 
and  Margaret  C.  Blanchard,  of  Chelsea,  and  made  his 
home  in  Cambridge.  Three  years  later  he  returned  to 
Chelsea.  He  was  elected  to  the  Chelsea  Common 
Council  of  1 86 1,  and  re-elected  for  two  succeeding 
years,  and  during  those  last  two  terms  he  was  president 
of  that  body.  He  was  called  from  the  council  to  be 
mayor  of  the  citv,  serving  as  such  during  the  years  1864, 
1865,  and   1866.     His  services  in  the  city  go\ernment 


tUSTACE    CARtY    FITZ 


of  Chelsea  were  right  in  the  midst  of  the  critical  war 
periotl,  when  the  soundest  judgment  was  demanded. 
.\s  mayor  of  the  city  he  was  a  strong  supporter  of  Ciov- 
ernor  Andrew,  and  did  much  to  keep  intact  the  fair 
name  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Fitz  contributed  liberally 
of  his  means  for  the  Union  cause.  For  eighteen  years 
he  was  a  trustee,  and  most  of  the  time  chairman  of  the 
Chelsea  Public  Library,  and  at  the  end  of  that  long 
period,  in   18S5,  he  jiresented    to    his  adopted    city  a 

handsome,  commo- 
dious   library    build- 
ing, costing  upwards 
of   ^25,000.     The 
picture    accompany- 
ing   this    sketch     is 
taken   from    a    life- 
size  portrait   of    Mr. 
Fitz,    ])ainted    by 
Robert    (1.    Hardie, 
on  the  order  of   the 
city  of  Chelsea,  at  a 
cost   of   §1,200,  and 
which  now  hangs  in 
the    Public     Library. 
The  City  Council  of 
Chelsea,    in    1889, 
changed  the   name 
of   the  Chelsea  Pub- 
lic    Library    to    the 
"  Fitz  Public  Library 
of  Chelsea."     Mr. 
Fitz    served    in    the 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives   in    1873  ^nd 
1874,   in  the   Senate 
in    1875     and    1876, 
and    in    the    G o \ - 
ernor's     Council     in 
1881  and  1882.     He 
was  for  five   years 
chairman  of  the  Prison  Commissioners.     In  religion  he 
is  a  Baptist,  and  contributed  largely  to  the  erection  of 
the    Cary  A\enue    Baptist   Church  in    Chelsea.     He  is 
president  of   the    trustees   of    the    Newton  Theological 
Institution,  and  has  been  president  of  both  the  Boston 
Merchants'  Club  and  the  Boston  Board  of  Trade.    Amid 
the    cares  of  an  acti\e  business  career,   Mr.   F"itz  has 
found  time  to  devote   to  those  larger   public    interests 
that  ha\e  increased  the  welfare  of  his  chosen  home. 


98 


MASSACffUSRTTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    WHITMAN,    ex-president  of    the 
National  Association   of   Wool    Manufacturers 
and    treasurer  of   the  Arlington    Mills,  is  an  authority 
upon  all  economic  questions    relating  to   our    national 
commerce  and  industries.     He  was  born  at  Annaijolis, 
N.  S.,  May  9,  1842.     He  is  a  descendant  in  the  eighth 
generation    from    John  \\'hitnian,  of  \Veymouth,  Mass. 
Before  the  Revolution  his  great-grandfather  moved  to 
Nova  Scotia,  where  his  father,  John,  married   Rebecca 
Cutler,  a  descendant 
of    Ebenezer  Cutler, 
one  of  the  most  con- 
s  p  i  c  u  o  u  s    of    the 
Loyalists    who     mi- 
grated   from    Boston 
in    1776.     William 
^^'hitman  attended 
the  Annapolis  Acad- 
emy five  years,  leav- 
ing   school    in    his 
eleventh     year     and 
going   to    St.    John, 
N.  B.,  where  he  ob- 
tained    employment 
in  a  dry  goods  store. 
Two   years   later    he 
came    to    Boston    as 
entry    clerk    in    the 
wholesale  dry  goods 
house   of   James   M. 
Beebe    &    Co.,    with 
whom    he    remained 
until   1867.     In  that 
year  he  became  asso- 
ciated with  the   firm 
of  Robert  M.  Bailey 
&    Co.,    who    were 
interested  in   the 
rebuilding  of  the 
Arlington     Mills, 

which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire  the  year  before.  Mr. 
Whitman  was  made  the  treasurer  of  the  mills  in  the 
same  year,  but  in  1869  he  resigned  this  post,  purchased 
a  woollen  mill  in  Ashland,  N.  H.,  and  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  flannels.  Meanwhile  he  resumed  the 
treasurership  of  the  Arlington  Mills  at  the  urgent  solici- 
tation of  the  directors,  after  an  interval  of  but  a  few 
months,  and  he  has  remained  in  this  position  ever 
since,  acting  also  as  the  managing  director  of  the  mills. 


WILLIAM    WHITMAN 


Under  his  administration  the  .Arlington  Mills  have 
developed  until  they  have  become  one  of  the  largest 
establishments  manufacturing  wool  and  cotton  in  the 
United  States,  employing  three  thousand  hands,  and 
consuming  annually  ten  million  pounds  of  wool  and  five 
thousand  bales  of  cotton.  The  products  of  the  mills 
are  fine  worsted  and  cotton  yarns,  and  ladies'  dress 
goods  in  great  variety.  The  dozen  buildings  of  the 
plant  have  a  floor  area  of  more  than  twenty  acres,  and 

are  among  the  finest 
specimens    of    mill 
architecture     to     be 
found  in    the  world. 
The    Arlington  Mills 
are    a   monument  to 
the  ability  and  enter- 
prise of  their  direc- 
tor.    In  1887,  he  be- 
came   a   member  of 
the  firm  of  Harding, 
Colby  &  Co.,  of  Bos- 
ton  and  New  York, 
now  Harding,  Whit- 
man    &    Co.     Mr. 
Whitman    married 
Jane  1).  Hallett,  Jan. 
19,    1865,    and    has 
four  sons  and  three 
daughters.     He    has 
been    prominent    in 
many  commercial  and 
social     organizations 
in  Boston.     A  strong 
Republican     and 
active    in  the    coun- 
cils of  the  party,  he 
has  declined  all  polit- 
ical    preferment. 
His    public    life    has 
been  confined  chiefly 
to   economic    work    in    connection   with    the    National 
Association  of   Wool  Manufacturers,  of   which    he   was 
president  from   1884  to   1892.     He  has  devoted  much 
time  to  promoting  the  interests  of  the  woollen  manufac- 
ture in  the  United  States,  having  made  a  special  study 
of  the  revenue  system.     The  results  of  his  study  have 
apjieared  in  the  (juarterly  bulletin  of  the  association  and 
in  separate   iHiblications,  and   have  placed   him  in  the 
front  rank  among  the  advocates  of  the  protective  policy. 


BOSTON. 


99 


TH  P",  law  now  upon  the  statute  books  of   Massachu- 
setts prohibiting    the    adulteration    of    food    and 
medicine  has    jiroved  in  its  practical  working    a  great 
boon.     The   earliest    advocate    of    this   legislation    was 
Charles    Eckley    Moody,    who    in   the    conduct   of   his 
wholesale  grocery  business,  had  found  daily  evidence  of 
the  growing  danger  from  adulterated  and  impure  food, 
and  who,  sacrificing  the  temporary   gain  which  might 
have  come  from  silence,  began  single-handed  the  agita- 
tion   which    resulted 
in   success.      Others 
had  spoken,  perhaps, 
before    him,    of    the 
increasing      practice 
of   adulteration,    but 
Mr.   Moody  not  only 
talked  up  the  matter 
among   the    mer- 
chants,   but    carried 
his  ideas  to  Beacon 
Hill,    urged     them 
upon  the  law-makers, 
framed   a  bill  of  his 
own,  and  finally   se- 
cured the  enactment 
of    the     law, — both 
the  idea  and  the  lan- 
guage   of    which  are 
practically  his.     The 
life  of  Charles  Eck- 
ley Moody,  could  it 
be    told    in   all    its 
details    here,    would 
be     good     read- 
ing for   the   boys  of 
the    present   day. 
Born   in    Bath,   Me., 
the   son    of    John 
Minot      and      Mary 
(Boynton)      Moody, 

he  came  to  Boston  to  make  his  own  way  when  he  was 
but  fifteen  years  of  age.  Two  weeks  after  his  arrival 
here,  he  obtained  employment,  unaided,  in  the  store  of 
Silas  Peirce  &  Co.,  on  Elm  Street.  The  same  devotion 
to  the  work  at  hand  which  later  found  fruition  in  the 
contest  against  impure  foods,  was  characteristic  of  him 
as  a  boy,  and  after  years  of  appreciated  ser\'ice,  he  was 
admitted  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  -Silas  Peirce  &  Co. 
Here  he  continued  until  1868,  when,  withdrawins;  from 


the  firm,  he  established  the  house  of  Charles  E.  Moody 
&  Co.  on  the  site  where  it  now  stands.  No.  77  Com- 
mercial Street.  Of  Mr.  Moody's  business  methods  and 
success  since  then,  the  standing  of  his  firm  to-day  is  its 
own  report.  Mr.  Moody,  until  a  few  years  ago,  was 
interested  in  the  sugar  trade,  as  well  as  in  his  own 
grocery  house,  and  in  this  connection  an  incident  illus- 
trative of  his  business  practices  may  be  told.  During 
the  last  week  of  each  year,  Mr.  Moody's  creditors  always 

received  letters  ask- 
ing that  their  bills  be 
submitted    at    once, 
these  requests  by  mail 
being   supplemented 
by   personal  calls  in 
cases  where  the  cred- 
itors did  not  respond 
promptly.     Then  on 
New   Year's    Eve   of 
each      year,     Mr. 
Moody  and  his  part- 
ner met,  and  before 
leaving    the    office 
that  night  every  pos- 
sible    claim     against 
the   firm    had    been 
liquidated.     A   man 
of    wide   sympathies 
and     unostentatious 
charity,    Mr.  Moody 
has    devoted    not   a 
little  of  his  time  and 
money  of  later  years 
to  works   of   benefi- 
cence.    Himself  the 
son  of  a  ship-builder, 
he    is   greatly    inter- 
ested   in    shipping, 
both  foreign  and 
coastwise  ;  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Shijjping  and  Industrial  League  ; 
the  Home  Market  Club,  the  Pine  Tree  State  Club,  the 
Commercial   Club,    the    Chamber    of    Commerce,    the 
Wholesale    Grocers'  .\ssociation,    and   is   a  director    in 
several  corporations.     Through  his  efforts  in  the  direc- 
tion of  practical  legislation  in  the  vital  matter  of  pure 
food  and  medicine,  a  question  far  reaching  and  lasting 
in  its  effects,  Mr.  Moody  has  crowned  a  career  that  has 
proved  alike  useful  and  honorable. 


CHARLES    E.    MOODY. 


roo 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FE^^'  men  who  have  been  conspicuous  in  Massachu- 
setts and  the  United  States  bear  so  well  at  a  ripe 
old  age  in  mind  and  body  the  honors  they  have  won  as 
the  Hon.  Robert  Charles  Winthrop.  'llie  youngest 
son  of  Thomas  Lindall  Winthrop,  he  was  liorn  in 
Boston,  May  12,  1809,  and  was  graduated  at  Har\ard 
in  1828.  He  studied  law  with  Daniel  Webster,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1831,  and  soon  after  entered 
public  life  as  a  Whig.  From  1834  to  1840  he  served 
his  State  in  the 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives, of  which  he 
was  speaker  in  1838, 
1839,  and  1840.  He 
was  elected  to  Con- 
gress in  the  last- 
name  d  year,  a  n  d 
served  there  with 
distinction  ten  years. 
In  1847-49  he  was 
speaker  of  the 
House,  but  was  de- 
feated for  a  second 
term  by  a  plurality 
of  two,  after  a  con- 
test of  three  weeks. 
In  1850,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  gov- 
ernor to  Daniel 
Webster's  seat  in  the 
Senate,  when  the 
latter  became  Secre- 
tary of  State.  His 
conservatism  on  the 
slavery  question 
caused  his  defeat  for 
the  succession  by  a 
coalition  of  Demo- 
crats and  Free  .Soil- 
ers  in  the  Legislature, 
after  si.\  weeks'  balloting.  In  1851,  he  received  a  large 
plurality  of  votes  for  the  governorship,  but  the  majority 
rule  threw  the  election  into  the  Legislature.  Mr.  ^Vin- 
throp  declined  to  run  again,  and  has  since  devoted  his 
time  to  literary,  historical,  and  philanthropic  occupa- 
tions. He  did  not,  however,  altogether  relinquish  his 
political  duties,  but  spoke  eloquently  for  several  candi- 
dates for  the  presidency,  —  Winfield  Scott  in  1852, 
Millard  Fillmore  in  1856,  John  Bell  in  i85o,  and  Gen- 


ROBERT   C,    WINTHROP. 


eral  McClellan  in  1864.  Four  volumes  of  his  "Addresses 
and  Speeches"  contain  those  on  the  laying  of  the 
corner-stone  of  the  national  monument  to  Washington 
in  1848  and  on  the  completion  of  that  monument  in 
1885,  and  the  oration  on  the  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Vorktown,  all  by  invita- 
tion of  Congress  ;  the  address  to  the  alumni  of  Harvard 
in  1857  ;  an  oration  on  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims,  in  1870;  the 

Boston  centennial 
oration,  July  4,  1876  ; 
and  an  address  on 
unveiling  the  statue 
of  Colonel  Prescott 
on  Bunker  Hill  in 
1 88 1.  Mr.  \Vinthrop 
is  also  popularly  re- 
m  em  be  red  for  his 
shorter  speeches, 
particularly  those  of 
a  patriotic  nature,  on 
Boston  C  o  m  m  o  n 
during  the  Civil  War, 
while  his  brief  trib- 
utes to  John  Quincy 
Adams,  John  C.  Cal- 
houn, Edward  Ever- 
ett, Daniel  Webster, 
Abraham  Lincoln 
and  other  eminent 
men,  are  character- 
ized as  models  of 
graceful  and  discrim- 
inating eulogy.  He 
is  the  author  of 
"The  Life  and  Let- 
ters of  John  Win- 
throp "  (1864),  and 
"  Washington,  Bow- 
doin,  and  Franklin  " 
(1876).  He  was  the  counsellor  of  (ieorge  Peabodv  in 
several  of  his  great  benefactions,  and  has  been  from  the 
outset  the  head  of  the  trust  for  Southern  education.  He 
was  president  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  the  Boston 
Provident  Association,  for  thirty  years  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  .Society,  and  for  eight  years  of  the  Har- 
vard Alumni  Association.  Mr.  Winthrop's  long  and  hon- 
orable career  and  wide  experience  of  affairs  constitutes 
him  a  veteran  whom  Massachusetts  delights  to  honor. 


BOSTON. 


lor 


GEORGE  EDWARD  ELLIS,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  was 
born  in  Boston,  Aug.  8,  1814.     He  graduated  at  Harvard 
in   1833,  and  from  the  Divinit\'  School  in    1836.     He 
made  a  year's  tour  of  Europe,  and  was  ordained  ALirch 
II,  1840,  as  pastor  of  Harvard  Unitarian  Church,  Charles- 
town,  Mass.     From    1857  to   1863  he  was  professor  of 
systematic    theology    in    Harvard   Divinity  School.     In 
1864  he  delivered  before  the  Lowell  Institute  of  Boston 
a  course  of   lectures 
on    the    "  Evidences 
of   Christianity"  ;  in 
1 87 1,  a  course  on  the 
"Provincial    History 
o  f      Massachusetts," 
and  in  1879,  a  course 
on   "The  Red    Men 
and  the  White  Men 
in   North    America." 
He  resigned  the  pas- 
torate of    Harvard 
Church    on    Feb.    2, 
1869.     Mr.  Ellis  was 
at  one    time  tempo- 
rary   editor    of    the 
Cliristian   R c glister 
and    afterward    joint 
editor    with     Rev. 
George    Putnam, 
D.  D.,      and     subse- 
cpiently    sole     editor 
of    the     Chris /tan 
Examiner  for  several 
years.     He  has  been 
vice-president  of  the 
Massachusetts     His- 
torical  Society,    and 
is  now  (1892)  presi- 
dent.    He   was    a 
member  of  the  board 

of  overseers  of  Harvard  College  in  1850-54,  serving  for 
one  year  as  its  secretary.  Harvard  gave  him  the  degree 
of  D.  D.  in  1857,  and  that  of  LL.  D.  in  1883.  Mr.  Ellis 
was  the  third  person  who  has  recei\-ed  both  these  degrees 
from  Harvard.  He  has  published  lives  of  John  Mason 
(1844),  Kwwft  Hutchinson  (1S45),  and  William  Penn 
(1847),  in  Sparks'  American  Biography  ;  "Half  Century 
of  the  LTnitarian  Controversy"  (1851)  ;  "Memoir  of 
Dr.  Luther  \'.  Bell"  (1863)  :   "'I'he  Aims  and  Purposes 


GEORGE    E.    ELLIS 


of  the  Founders  of  Massachusetts,  and  Their  Treatment 
of  Intniders  and  Dissentients"  (1865);  "Life  of 
Benjamin  Thompson,  Count  Rumford,"  in  connection 
with  an  edition  of  Count  Rumford's  complete  works 
issued  by  the  .\merican  .-Xcademy  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
(1871)  ;  "History  of  the  Massachusetts  General  Hos- 
pital "  (1872)  ;  "  History  of  the  Battle  of  Bunker  Hill  " 
(1875')  ;  an  "Address  on  the  Centennial  of  the  Evacua- 
tion of  the  British  .\rmy,  with  an  Account  of  the  Siege 

of  Boston"  (1876)  ; 
"  Memoir  of  Charles 
W.Upham"  (1877)  ; 
"  Memoir    of    Jacob 
Bigelow"       (1880); 
"  Memoir  of  Nathan- 
iel Thayer"  (1885)  ; 
and    numerous     ad- 
dresses and  sermons. 
He  also  wrote  for  the 
American     Academy 
and     the    Historical 
Society,    memoirs  of 
Charles     Wentworth 
I'])ham  and   Edward 
Wigglesworth(  1877), 
and  of  George  Rum- 
ford    Baldwin.      Mr. 
Ellis  wrote  three  his- 
torical   chapters    for 
the  "Memorial  His- 
tory   of     Boston" 
(iSSo-i)  ;  "The  Red 
Man  and   the  White 
Man  in  North  Amer- 
ica "    (1882);     an 
"Address   ©n    the 
lughty-second  Anni- 
versary of   the    New 
York   Historical    So- 
ciety "(1886);  "The 
Religious   F'lement    in    New  England,"    and  five  other 
chapters  in    the    "  Narrative    and    Critical    History   of 
America"   (1826);  and    several  articles  for  the   ninth 
edition   of    the    "  Encyclopedia    Britannica,"    and    has 
contributed  to  periodicals    and   the  daily  papers  when 
occasion  moved  him  thus  to  do.     He  published  in  1880 
"  The  Puritan  .^ge  and  Rule  in  the  Colony  of  Massachu- 
setts Bay."     He  delivered  in   1884  the  address  at  the 
unxeiling  of  the  statue  of  John  Har\ard  at  the  college. 


I02 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


FRANCIS  PARKMAN,  author  and  first  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  the 
son  of  Francis  Parkman,  clerg}'man,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Sept.  1 6,  1823,  and  was  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1844. 
He  studied  law  two  years,  but  abandoned  the  profession 
for  travel,  of  which  he  had  become  fond  after  a  vacation 
trip  to  Europe.  In  1845  he  set  out  to  explore  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  lived  several  months  among  the 
Dakotah  Indians  and  the  still  wilder  and  more  remote 
tribes.  He  there  en- 
dured hardships  and 
privations  that  made 
him  an  invalid.  An 
account  of  this  e.xpe- 
dition  was  given  in  a 
series  of  articles  in 
the  "  Knickerbocker 
Magazine,"  w  h  i  c  h 
were  subsequently 
collected  and  pub- 
lished in  book  form. 
H  e  afterward  e  n  - 
gaged  in  literary 
work  almost  exclu- 
sively, and  notwith- 
standing hisim]iaired 
health,  accomjianied 
by  partial  blindness, 
has  attained  high 
rank  as  an  historian 
and  essayist.  Mr. 
Parkman  visited 
France  in  1858, 1868, 
1872,  1880,  and  1881, 
to  examine  French 
archives  in  connec- 
tion with  his  histori- 
cal labors.  In  187 1-2 
he  was  professor  of 
horticulture    i  n  t  h  e 

agricultural  school  of  Harvard.  His  chief  work  has 
been  a  series  of  volumes  intended  to  illustrate  the  rise 
and  fall  of  the  French  power  in  America,  which  are 
distinguished  for  brilliant  style  and  accurate  research. 
Mr.  Parkman  has  recently  completed  the  New  France 
series,  covering  the  period  between  1700  and  1750. 
This,  with  a  few  additions  to  earlier  volumes,  completes 
the  series,  which  forms  one  continuous  work.  His 
publications  are  "The    California    and    Oregon  Trail" 


FRANCIS    PARKMAN 


(1849)  ;  "The  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac  "  (Boston,  1S51)  ; 
"Pioneers  of  France  in  the  New  World"  (1865): 
"The  Book  of  Roses"  (1866);  "Jesuits  in  North 
America"  (1867)  ;  "La  Salle  and  the  Discovery  of  the 
C.reat  West"  (1869):  "The  Old  Regime  in  Canada 
under  Louis  XH'."  (1874);  "Count  Frontenac  and 
New  France  under  Louis  XIV."  (1877  )  ;  "  Montcalm  and 
Wolfe  "  {two  volumes,  1884)  ;  "The  Arcadian  Tragedy" 
("  Harper's  Magazine,"  1884)  ;  ".A  Half  Century  of  Con- 
flict —  France  and 
England  in  North 
.America  "  (Boston, 
1892)  ;  "Historic 
Handbook  of  the 
Northern  Tour" 
(Boston,  1885); 
"  O  u  r  Co  m  m  o  n 
Schools"  (Boston, 
1890)  ;  "Some  of 
the  Reasons  against 
W  o  m  e  n  Suffrage ' ' ; 
and  several  other 
historical  works. 
The  ".Atlantic 
Monthly"  has  re- 
ceived many  inter- 
esting contributions 
from  his  pen.  The 
historic  handbook  in 
the  enumeration 
above  was  suggested 
to  Mr.  Parkman  by 
his  friend  and  co- 
worker of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical 
Society,  Rev.  Dr. 
George  E.  Ellis,  and 
has  proved  of  great 
value  to  s  u  m  m  e  r 
tourists  to  Lake 
George,  Lake  Champlain,  Ticonderoga  and  Niagara,  as 
well  as  the  Canadian  frontier,  giving  them  true  history, 
well  digested,  to  offset  false  impressions  of  the  pictur- 
esque areas  so  long  in  dispute  between  rival  claimants,  as 
portrayed  by  previous  careless  and  unscrupulous  compil- 
ers of  the  warlike  events  of  past  eras.  Dr.  Parkman  has 
long  been  prominent  in  the  social,  literary,  political  and 
club  life  of  Boston.  In  1863  he  bore  an  important  ])art 
with  Edward  Everett  in  organizing  the  Union  C'lub. 


BOSTO.V. 


lO^ 


CHARLES  FRANCIS  ADAMS,  lawyer,  second  son 
of  Charles  Francis  Adams,  diplomatist,  was  born 
in  Boston,  May  27,  1835.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
in  1856  and  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858.  He  served 
in  the  army  throughout  the  Civil  A\'ar,  entering  it  as  first 
lieutenant  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  under 
Colonel  ^\'illiams.  He  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in 
the  same  regiment,  and  was  afterward  transferred  as 
lieutenant-colonel  to  the  Fifth  Massachusetts  Cavalry, 
with  Colonel  Henry 
S.    Russell.     On  the 

retirement  of  Colonel  

Russell,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Adams  was 
his  successor  as 
colonel,  and  re- 
signed in  the  August 
following  the  close 
of  the  hostilities 
with  the  brevet  of 
brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  his  regi- 
ment afterward  being 
transferred  to  the 
Mexican  border  to 
watch  the  result  of 
the  French  invasion 
and  the  ^L^ximilian 
episode.  He  has 
since  devoted  his 
attention  chiefly  to 
railroad  matters,  and 
in  1869  was  ap- 
l)ointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Railroad 
Commissioners 
of  Massachusetts.  In 
1 87  I,  in  connection 
with  his  brother, 
Henry     Adams,     he 

published  "Chapters  on  Erie  and  other  Essays."  He 
has  since  published  an  instruction  book  on  railway 
accidents.  He  was  elected  in  1882  a  member  of  the 
board  of  overseers  of  Harvard  College,  and  in  1884,  was 
chosen  president  of  the  L'nion  Pacific  Railway.  He  is 
second  vice-president  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society.  Mr.  Adams  has  frequently  been  a  contributor 
to  the  "North  American"  and  other  reviews  on  railroad 
and  kindred  matters.     In  1883,  he  delivered  addresses 


CHARLES    FRANCIS    ADAMS 


on  "  The  College  Fetich,"  before  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society,  of  Harvard  ;  on  "  The  Double  Anniversary,  '76 
and  '63,"  at  Quincy,  July  4  ;  and  an  argument  on  the 
federation  of  the  railroad  system  before  the  Committee 
on  Commerce  of  the  United  States  House  of  Represen- 
tatives, Feb.  27,  1880.  His  other  contributions  to  rail- 
road literature  are  important  and  interesting.  He  is 
also  the  author  of  "  The  Genesis  of  the  Massachusetts 
Town,  and  the  Development  of  Town  Meeting  Govern- 
ment "  (Cambridge, 
1892).  His  contri- 
butions to  history, 
public  and  personal, 
to  political,  educa- 
tional, and  other 
subjects  of  general 
interest,  are  volumi- 
nous. Mr.  Adams's 
latest  published  work 
is,  "  Three  Episodes 
of  M  a  s  s  a  ch  u  s  e  1 1  s 
History"  (two  vol- 
umes, Boston,  1892). 
The  divisions  of  the 
work  are  :  I.  The 
Settlement  of  Boston 
Bay.  II.  The  An- 
tinomian  Contro- 
versy. III.  A  Study 
of  Church  and  Town 
Government.  This 
work  clears  up  many 
disputed  points  in 
early  provincial  his- 
tory, the  author  hav- 
ing spent  -I'ears  in 
research  to  fathom 
what  he  has  proved 
to  be  misconcep- 
tions. Mr.  Adams's 
biography  of  Richard  Henry  Dana,  the  author  of  "  Two 
Years  Before  the  Mast,"  in  two  volumes,  is  probably  the 
most  popular  and  absorbing  of  his  literary  works.  Mr. 
Adams  has  always  been  averse  to  being  nominated  for 
office  where  election  was  dependent  ujion  the  popular 
vote  ;  not,  however,  from  fear  of  defeat.  He  inherits 
untrammelled  independence  of  character  from  his  ances- 
tors, Presidents  John  Adams  and  John  Quincy  Adams, 
and  from  his  father,  the  diplomat,  Charles  Francis  Adams. 


I04 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AN  indigenous,  patriotic  American  of  the  best  type, 
with  sympathies    broad    enough    to   include    the 
whole    world,    esteemed     by   his    fellow-citizens     and 
beloved  by  thousands  whom  his  philanthropy  has  aided, 
—  that  describes  Ex-Mayor  Samuel  Abbott  (ireen  and 
the  place  he  holds  in  the  life  of  Boston.     Humanita- 
rian, historian,  and  physician,  he  is  one  of  those  altruis- 
tic men  whose  purpose  in  life  is  to  serve  others,  and 
who  accomplish  that  purpose.     He    comes    of   an    old 
New  England  family, 
in   whose   veins    the 
blood    of    the    stern 
Puritan  flows.     Born 
in   Groton,    M  ass., 
March   i6,  1830,  his 
father  was  Dr.  Joshua 
Green,  who  married 
Eliza     Lawrence,     a 
sister    of    Amos 
and   Abbott    La w- 
rence.     He    studied 
at    Lawrence    Acad- 
emy,   Groton,    a  n  d 
graduated    at    Har- 
\ard    College    in 
1 85 1.     A   course    at 
the    Har\ard    Medi- 
cal  School  followed, 
after    which     he 
studied   medicine  in 
London  and  in  Paris. 
Returning  to  Boston, 
he     began     practice 
there,  and  became 
one    of    the    district 
physicians  in  the 
City  Dispensary.    At 
the  beginning  of  the 
Civil    War     he    was 
commissioned  assist- 
ant surgeon  of  the   First  Massachusetts  Regiment,  and 
soon  afterward  was  promoted  to  the  surgeoncy  of  the 
Twenty-fourth    Massachusetts   Regiment.     For    gallant 
services  on  the  field  in  1864,  he  was  brevetted  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers.     He  planned  and    organized,  in 
February,  1862,  while  in  charge  of  the  hospital  of  the 
First  Brigade,  on  Roanoke  Island,  North  Carolina,  the 
Roanoke  cemetery,  the  first  regular  burial-ground  for  the 
Union  dead  in  the  war.     kiltx  his  return  from  the  army. 


he  was  for  seven  years  superintendent  of  the  Boston  Dis- 
pensary. Dr.  Green  was  a  member  of  the  Boston  School 
Committee  in  i860,  and  again  from  1866  to  1872  ;  trus- 
tee of  the  Public  Library  from  1868  to  187S,  and  acting 
librarian  one  year.  From  187 1  till  1881,  when  he  was 
elected  mayor,  he  was  city  physician  of  Boston.  He 
was  elected  mayor  as  the  candidate  of  the  Citizens 
party  and  the  Republicans.  His  administration,  lasting 
one  year,  was  thoroughly  unpartisan  and  not  marked  by 

any   notable    events, 
but  the  best  interests 
of  the  city  were  well 
cared  for.     In   1883 
he    was    elected   a 
trustee    of   the    Pea- 
body  F2  d  u  c  a  t  i  o  n 
Fund,  as  well  as  sec- 
retary of  the  Board, 
and  from   1885  to 
1888  was  the  acting 
general  agent.    Since 
1868  Dr.  Green  has 
been  librarian  of  the 
Massachusetts    H  i  s  - 
torical  Society.     His 
historical    researches 
have  been  extensive, 
and    his    knowledge 
of    New    England's 
past   and    present  is 
broad    and  accurate. 
He  has  been  a  vol- 
uminous   writer, 
among   his    publica- 
tions being  a  "His- 
torv  of   Medicine 
i  n      Massachusetts," 
"  The  Story  of  a  P"a- 
mous  Book,"  a  trans- 
lation  of    Count   de 
Deux  Ponts's  "  My  Campaigns  in  America,"  and  many 
works  relating  to  his  native  town.     Dr.  Green  is  a  mem- 
ber of   various  historical   societies,  and   is  one   of   the 
overseers  of  Harvard  College.     He  kept  up  his  practice 
as  a  physician  for  years,  and  the  poor  knew  him,  not  as 
the  grasping  doctor  who  demanded  his  fee  in  advance, 
but  as  one  who  was   more   likely  to  return  half  of  the 
]jroffered    money  to  purchase  luxuries  for  the    invalid. 
Dr.  Green  is  unmarried. 


SAMUEL  ABBOTT   GREEN 


BOSTO.W 


105 


EX-CONGRESSMAN  JOHN  WILSON  CANDLER 
was   born  in   Boston,  Feb.   10,   1828,  the  son  of 
John  and  Susan  (Wheelwright)  Candler.     The  family  is 
of  Saxon  origin,  and   its  two  branches  in  Suffolk    and 
Essex  were    noted    in    the  church    and    in    the   army. 
Captain   John   Candler,    the    grandfather   of   John  W., 
emigrated    from    Essex   to    Marblehead,    and    married 
Abigail  Helen  Russell  about  the  close  of   the  Revolu- 
tionary War.     She  was  the  descendant  of   a  Huguenot 
family    and    the 
widow  of  Lieutenant 
Thomas  Russell,  who 
was,  next    in     com- 
mand   of    Captain 
Mugford's     privateer 
when  he    captured 
the     British    armed 
ship  which   supplied 
Washington's    a  r  m  y 
about  Boston  with  am- 
munition.     Mugford 
was  killed.     Captain 
John    Candler,    Jr., 
the     father    of    John 
W.,    was    an     officer 
on  board  the  frigate 
"Constitution,"    and 
was  with  Commodore 
Stewart  in  the  same 
vessel  on  his  famous 
cruise    through   the 
British  channel.    Mr. 
Candler   was    born 
while  his  father  was 
in  active  business  as 
s  h  i  p  -  b  u  i  1  d  e  r   and 
merchant  in  Boston, 
and  was  educated  at 
Marblehead    .A  c  a  d  - 
e  m  y   and    Dummer 

Academy,  finishing  his  course  under  the  tuition  of  Rev. 
\.  Briggs,  a  Baptist  minister  of  Schoharie  Academy, 
New  York.  After  the  death  of  his  father,  he  became 
clerk  in  a  Boston  house,  the  family  removing,  in  1S49, 
to  Brookline,  where  he  has  since  resided.  For  thirty- 
two  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  foreign  trade  as  a 
member  of  several  firms  of  ship-owners,  the  present 
style  being  John  W.  Candler  &  Co.  The  East  and 
West   Indies  and  South   .Africa  have    been  their   field. 


.v 


^9^ 


JOHN    WILSON    CANDLER 


Mr.    Candler's    experience    in    foreign    trade,    and    his 
studious    watchfulness    of    State    and    national    politics 
ha\'e  made  his  services  valuable  in  many  ways.     A  warm 
friend    of   Governor   Andrew,    he    became    one    of   his 
strongest  supporters  during  the  Civil  War.     He  was  a 
member  of  the   Legislature  of    1866,  but   declined    to 
serve  a  second  term.     He  advocated  a  board  of  prison 
commissioners    from  1869  to   1873,  and    served    many 
years  as  its  chairman.     It  was  a  philanthropic  commis- 
sion,   without    com- 
pensation or  emolu- 
ments.    Mr.  Candler 
was  prominent  in  the 
National     Board     of 
Trade,  and  was  presi- 
dent of   the    Boston 
-   ^'te'  Board  of  Trade  two 

years.    He  was  presi- 

V^  dent  of  the  Commer- 

^*  cial  Club  four  years. 

.\  liberal  Republican, 

s,  ^  he    has  advocated   a 

change  of  navigation 
laws,  a  judicious  re- 
vision of  the  tariff  and 
modification  of  many 
commercial  treaties. 
In  1880  he  was 
elected  to  the  Forty- 
seventh  Congress 
from  the  eighth  Mas- 
sachusetts district, 
and  in  1888  to  the 
Fifty-first  Congress 
from  the  ninth  dis- 
trict, by  a  large  ma- 
jority over  Hon. 
Edward  Burnett,  the 
previous  representa- 
tive. In  this  Con- 
gress Mr.  Candler  was  the  chairman  of  the  World's 
Fair  Committee  that  reported  favorably  upon  the  act 
giving  national  encouragement  to  the  Columbian  Expo- 
sition. That  committee  championed  the  passage  of  the 
bill.  If  they  had  not  done  so  with  wisdom  and  ability, 
there  might  not  have  been  a  quadricentennial  fair  in 
Chicago  in  1893.  Mr.  Candler  opened  and  closed 
the  debate,  and  as  chairman  of  the  committee  had 
charge  of  the  parliamentary  proceedings. 


/* 


io6 


MASSAC//VSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  State  Street,  the  Wall  Street  of  Boston,  no  name  is  manage  Drexel,  Morgan  &  Co.'s  bond  business  in  l!os- 
more  familiar  than  that  of  E.  Rollins  Morse.  This  ton,  a  trust  which  was  a  fine  tribute  to  the  integrity 
gentleman  entered  State  Street  in  the  modest  capacity  and  the  ability  of  E.  Rollins  Morse  &  Brother.  Thirty 
of  clerk  in  1862,  now  he  is  the  president  of  the  Boston  years  in  State  Street  have  made  Mr.  Morse  a  broad- 
Stock  Exchange.  Mr.  Morse  was  born  in  Boston  in  minded,  sagacious,  yet  prudent,  financier,  and  he  stands 
1845,  and  from  his  childhood  has  shown  a  talent  for  as  the  type  of  the  successful  men  of  State  Street  in  this 
affairs  financial.  His  first  employment  was  with  Rob-  generation.  As  president  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  he 
ert  M.  Pratt,  who,  in  the  sixties,  conducted  a  promi-  has  given  great  satisfaction  to  the  members,  and  has 
nent  brokerage  house  in  State  Street.  After  serving  materially  helped  to  develop  the  business  of  the  Ex- 
about  six  years  at  a 


clerk's  desk,  Mr. 
Morse,  in  1868,  es- 
tablished a  stock 
commission  business 
for  himself  at  No. 
27  State  Street,  and 
a  year  later  formed 
the  present  firm  of 
E.  Rollins  Morse  & 
Brother,  whose  head- 
quarters are  now  a 
splendid  suite  of  of- 
fices on  the  ground 
floor  of  the  building 
No.  38  State  Street, 
corner  of  Exchange 
Street.  In  1870, 
Mr.  Morse  ]nirchased 
a  seat  in  the  Board. 
Then  his  business 
grew  amazingly,  and 
in  a  few  years  he  be- 
came a  p  r  o  m  i  n  e  n  t 
factor  in  State  Street 
affairs.  When  the 
Stock  Exchange  was 
in  its  old  rooms,  Mr. 
Morse  gave  much  of 
his  time  to  its  inter- 
ests, serving  terms  on 

the  standing  and  governing  committees,  and  soon  after 
the  removal  to  its  present  magnificent  quarters  in  the 
Exchange  Building  he  was  made  its  president.  He 
was  elected  to  that  office  in  1891,  and  re-elected  in 
1892,  his  iniTiiediate  predecessor  being  A.  W.  Spencer. 
A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Morse's  firm  developed  from  a 
strictly  stock  commission  business,  and  became  financiers 
in  the  full  sense  of  the  term.  This  change  was 
primarily  due  to  the  fact  that  the  firm  was  selected  to 


IF 


E.  ROLLINS  MORSE 


change  and  to 
strengthen  its  inter- 
ests along  many 
lines.  He  has  never 
held  public  elective 
office,  his  time  hav- 
ing been  strictly  de- 
voted to  his  business. 
He  is  in  touch, 
however,  with  iiublic 
affairs,  and  is  looked 
upon  as  an  authority 
on  questions  of  na 
tional  finance.  Like 
most  brainy  men  of 
money,  Mr.  Morse 
is  modestly,  although 
extensively,  identi- 
fied with  local  chari- 
ties, and  has  done 
more  in  this  direc- 
tion than  his  friends 
are  aware  of.  He  is 
a  very  approachable 
man,  and  to  this  fact 
is  due  much  of  his 
unf[uestioned  popu- 
larity among  his  fel- 
low financial  m  e  n  , 
both  in  this  city  and 
in  New  York,  for  his 
business  affairs  bring  him  in  constant  contact  with  the 
great  financial  men  of  the  last-named  city.  He  is  a 
lirominent  member  of  the  Eastern  Yacht  Club  and  an 
ardent  yachtsman.  In  the  pursuit  of  this  his  favorite 
recreation  he  manages  to  recuperate  his  energies  after 
the  close  attention  that  is  necessitated  by  the  large 
financial  transactions  that  require  his  watchful  care.  He 
is  regarded  as  a  safe  and  conservative  man  by  those 
interested  in  the  doings  of  the  financial  world. 


BOSTOy. 


107 


GEORGE  GLOVER  CROCKER,  the  son  of  Uriel 
and  Sarah  Kidder  (Haskell)  Crocker,  was  born 
in  Boston,  Dec.  15,  1843.  tlraduating  from  the  Boston 
Latin  School  as  a  Franklin  medal  scholar,  in  i860,  and 
from  Harvard,  in  1864,  he  studied  at  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  1867. 
From  that  time  to  the  ])resent  he  has  continued  in  the 
practice  of  the  law  in  Boston  in  company  with  his  elder 
brother,  Uriel  H.  Crocker.  He  assisted  his  brother  in 
editing  "  Notes  on 
the  Cieneral  Statutes 

0  f  Massachusetts  " 
(1869).  From  1868 
to  1879,  he  was  a 
director  of  the  Bos- 
ton   Young    Men's 

Christian    L'nion,    of  _^^       ■ 

which    he    is   a    life  r 

member.  In  1873 
and  1874,  he  was  in 
the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, serving 
the  latter  year  on  the 
Committee  on  the 
Liquor  Law.  Fore- 
seeing the  pernicious 
effects  of  other  meth- 
ods of  distribution, 
he  drafted  a  bill,  the 
first  ever  offered  in 
Massachusetts,  p  e  r  - 
mitting  cities  and 
towns,  after  limiting 
the  number  of  1  i  - 
censes,  to  sell  them 
at     public     auction. 

1  n  1877,  he  was 
chosen  secretary  of 
the  Republican  State 
Committee,  and 

served  for  two  years.  Li  1880,  '81,  '82,  and  '83,  Mr. 
Crocker  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  and  its 
president  in  the  last-named  year.  He  compiled  the 
"  Digest  of  the  Rulings  of  the  Presiding  Officers  of  the 
Senate  and  of  the  House  from  the  Year  1833,"  which 
forms  a  part  of  the  annual  "  Manual  for  the  General 
Court."  He  is  also  the  author  of  "  Principles  of  Proced- 
ure in  Deliberative  Assemblies  "  (1889).  In  February, 
1887,  he  was   appointed  a  member  of  the  State  Board 


GEORGE    GLOVER    CROCKER 


of  Railroad  Commissioners,  and  served  as  chairman  of 
the  board  until  January,  1892,  when  he  resigned. 
During  his  service  the  board  took  an  active  part  in 
effecting  the  abolition  of  grade  crossings  and  of  the 
car  stove,  and  otherwise  did  much  to  promote  the  com- 
fort and  safety  of  passengers  and  of  employe's.  At  the 
time  of  his  resignation,  Mr.  Crocker,  as  chairman  of  a 
committee  of  railroad  commissioners,  was  engaged  in 
an  effort  to  secure  the  passage  by  Congress  of  an  act  to 

compel  the  equip- 
ment of  freight  cars 
with  automatic  coup- 
lers and  continuous 
brakes,  and  of  loco- 
motives with  driving- 
wheel   brakes.      In 

)i889,    he    was  ap- 
pointed    by     Mayor 
^  Hart  as  chairman  of 

H  a  c  o  m  m  i  s  s  i  o  n  of 

H  three  to  examine 

^^^  into  the  operation  of 

fl  f  the     Massachusetts 

laws  relating  to  taxa- 
tion. The  chief  con- 
clusions reached  by 
this  commission 
were  :  that  the  at- 
tempt to  tax  muni- 
cipal bonds  results  in 
a  loss  rather  than  a 
gain  to  the  cities  and 
towns  issuing  such 
bonds  ;  and  that  all 
forms  of  double  tax- 
ation ought  to  be 
abolished.  Mr. 
Crocker  has  served 
as  an  officer  of  many 
business  corpora- 
tions, and  is  a  member  of  several  charitable  organiza- 
tions, of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society,  and  of  sundry 
Boston  social  clubs.  On  June  19,  1875,  he  was  mar- 
ried by  the  Rev.  Phillips  Brooks  to  Annie  B.,  daughter 
of  the  late  Nathan  C.  Keep,  of  Boston.  They  ha\?e  five 
children.  Mr.  Crocker  has  always  shown  a  great  capacity 
for  exhaustive  and  arduous  labor  in  a  field  that  he  makes 
interesting  by  the  amount  of  original  thought  that  he 
puts  into  his  work. 


io8 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


ROGER    WOLCOTT,    lieutenant-governor  elect    of 
Massachusetts,  was  born  in  Boston  forty-five  years 
ago.     Receiving  his  preliminary  education,  he   entered 
Harvard,  where  he  ranked  among  the  most  advanced 
students.     He  was  chosen  class  orator.     The  graduating 
class  of    1870    included    such  men   as    Senator    Henry 
Parkman,  Assistant   Secretary   of    State    Wharton,   and 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Soley  ;  and  Roger  Wol- 
cott,  who  graduated  in  that  year,  was  looked   upon  as 
one    of    the    most 
promising.     At  Har- 
vard he  received  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and 
LL.  B.,   and    during 
i87i-2wasa 
tutor   in    that    insti- 
tution.    He  took  up 
the    study    of    la vv, 
but   his   duties   as 
trustee  of   various 
estates,    and    the 
management     of 
financial    matters, 
have    occupied     the 
greater   part    of    his 
time.     Mr.     Wolcott 
began    his    public 
career  as  a  member 
of  the  Boston  Com- 
mon   Council,    serv- 
ing as  a  member  of 
that   body    for  three 
years.     In    1882    he 
was   elected    to    the 
lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature,  and  was 
re-elected    in    1883 
and     1884,    winning 
much   distinction  as 
a   hard    worker,  and 

as  one  who  was  instrumental  in  passing  many  important 
measures.  Although  a  Republican  by  virtue  of  train- 
ing, Mr.  Wolcott  has  at  times  shown  a  spirit  of  inde- 
pendence rarely  seen  in  men  of  his  position.  One  of 
the  most  noteworthy  instances  of  this  was  in  1884,  when 
he  voted  for  Grover  Cleveland,  the  Democratic  candi- 
date for  President;  but  in  1885  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Republican  State  Convention  at  Springfield.  In 
1 89 1  lie  was  unanimously  chosen  president  of  the  New 


ROGER    WOLCOTT 


Republican  Club,  but  after  serving  one  year  ill-health 
compelled  him  to  decline  a  re-election.  He  has  been 
an  active  worker  in  many  public  movements  and  has 
frequently  represented  his  constituents  at  municipal  and 
State  conventions ;  and,  being  a  pleasing  speaker,  is 
frequently  called  upon  to  address  ]3olitical  and  other 
public  meetings.  He  is  an  overseer  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, and  a  trustee  of  the  Massachusetts  General  Hos- 
pital,    Mr.    Wolcott  is  also  a  prominent   figure   at  the 

annual   Unitarian 
festivals,    and     is    a 
regular  attendant  at 
King's   Chapel.     He 
married    Miss    Pres- 
cott,    a    great-great- 
granddaughte  r    of 
the    Colonel    P  r  e  s  - 
cott     who     com- 
manded the    jjrovin- 
cial  troops  at  Bunker 
Hill,    and    a    grand- 
daughter of  the  his- 
torian, W.   H.    Pres- 
cott.      Mr.    Wolcott, 
himself  comes   from 
an     old     military 
family,    his    father 
being   the    late   J. 
Huntington  Wolcott, 
descendant  of  Roger 
AVolcott,  who,   in 
1725,  was  second   in 
command  in  the  ex- 
pedition   under     Sir 
William  Pepperell 
against  Cape  Breton, 
which  resulted  in  the 
capture    of   I-  o  u  i  s  - 
burg.     Another     an- 
cestor  was    Oliver 
^\'olcott,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence,   who    fought    in    the    Revolutionary    Army 
against   Burgoyne,  and  was  a  brigadier-general  on  the 
battle-field  at  Saratoga.     Both  of  these  men  were  gov- 
ernors   of   Connecticut.     In   the    election    of    Nov.    8, 
1892,  Mr.  Wolcott   was  elected  lieutenant-governor   of 
the    State,  as  successor  to   Lieutenant-Governor  Haile. 
By  reason  of  his  natural  gifts  enhanced  by  study,  Mr. 
\\'olcott  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  duties  of  public  life. 


I 


BOSTOX. 


109 


IN  all  measures  pertaining  to  the  right  of  suffrage  and 
calculated  to  make  elections  in  practice  what  they 
are  in  theory,  —  an  accurate  expression  of  the  will  of 
the   majority,  —  Massachusetts  has    not  lagged    behind 
her  sister  commonwealths,  as  the  Australian  ballot  law, 
the   corrupt  practices  act  and   the  law  to  compel  the 
publication   of    election   expenses    demonstrate.     With 
the  last  of  these  measures  Samuel  W.  McCall,  member 
elect  of  the  Fifty-third  Congress,  from  the  eighth  Massa- 
chusetts   district,    is 
identified.     He    was 
born  in   East  Provi- 
dence,  Penn.,    Feb. 
28,  1 85 1.     His  fam- 
ily on   both    sides 
have  been  prominent 
in  Pennsylvania  from 
i  t  s    earliest   history. 
He    is    the   son    of 
Henry  and  Mary  Ann 
(Elliott)    McCall. 
Having    fitted  for 
college  at   the    New 
Hampton     (N.    H.) 
Academy,  he  entered 
Dartmouth    and  was 
graduated    in     the 
class    of    1S74.     Mr. 
McCall    then     came 
to  Massachusetts  and 
studied    law   in   t  h  e 
office    of    Staples    & 
Goulding  in  Worces- 
ter,   where   he    was 
subsequently  ad- 
mitted   to    the    bar. 
He  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Boston 
in    January,    1876, 
and   has    ever   since 

continued  in  his  profession  except  during  the  period 
from  May  i,  18S8,  to  Jan.  i,  1889,  when  he  was  the 
editor  of  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser.  Mr.  McCall  was 
elected  to  represent  Winchester  in  the  lower  House  of 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1S88  and  1889,  the 
latter  year  serving  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary.  He  was  again  returned  to  the  House  in  1891, 
when,  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Election  Laws, 
and  of  the  Special  Committee  on  .Administrative  Boards 


SAMUEL    W.    McCALL 


and  Commissions,  he  became  one  of  the  Republican 
leaders  of  the  House.  For  several  years  Mr.  McCall 
had  been  actively  interested  in  the  legislative  movement 
to  provide  for  a  compulsory  publication  of  election 
expenses.  .\\.  last,  largely  through  his  efforts,  the  bill 
passed  the  Legislature  of  1892,  and  became  law.  It  is 
impossible  to  determine  now  just  how  effective  the  law 
will  be  in  purifying  political  methods,  but  its  results  in 
the  campaign  of    1892  were  conceded  by  all  to  have 

been  most  salutary. 
Mr.  McCall  was  also 
more  or  less  closely 
identified  with  many 
other  important 
measures,  and  was 
regarded  as  one  of 
the  ^ablest  debaters 
i  in   the    House.     He 

enjoyed  great  per- 
sonal popularity  with 
his  fellow-legislators. 
Having  made  a  study 
of  the  theory  of  poli- 
tics, and  particularly 
of  the  suffrage  ques- 
tion, Mr.  McCall  is 
considered  an 
authority  upon  the 
subject.  He  was  a 
delegate  from  the 
old  sixth  district  to 
the  National  Repub- 
lican Convention  at 
Chicago  in  1888, 
when  his  speech, 
seconding  the  nomi- 
nation of  Ge  neral 
(iraham  to  the  presi- 
dency, won  him  fame 
as  an  orator.  He 
was  also  a  delegate  to  the  Minneapolis  convention  in 
1892.  In  the  same  year  he  was  nominated  for  Con- 
gress by  the  Republicans  of  the  eighth  district,  and  was 
elected  over  John  F.  Andrew,  the  present  incumbent. 
Mr.  McCall  was  married  in  Lyndonville,  Vt.,  May  23, 
1 88 1,  to  Ella  Esther,  daughter  of  Sumner  S.  and  Harriet 
(Wiley)  Thompson.  They  have  five  children  :  Sumner 
Thompson,  Ruth,  Henry,  Katherine  and  Margaret  Mc- 
Call.    Mr.  McCall  resides  in  Winchester. 


IIO 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FREDERIC  WALKER  LINCOLN,  seven  times 
mayor  of  Boston,  is  a  representative  of  the  old 
school  of  business  men  who  have  kept  pace  with  the 
world.  His  father  was  Louis  Lincoln,  son  of  Amos 
Lincoln,  a  member  of  the  "  Boston  Tea  Party,"  and 
who  married  a  daughter  of  Paul  Revere.  His  mother 
was  Mary  (Knight)  Lincoln.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he 
was  apprenticed  to  Ciedney  King,  maker  of  nautical 
instruments.  When  twenty-two  years  old  he  com- 
menced the  manu- 
facture of   these  for 

himself  and    contin-  

ued   in  the  business 
until   1882,  when  he 
assumed     charge     of 
the    Boston    Storage 
Warehouse  Com- 
pany, which    he  still 
manages.      hi    1847 
he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature  ;  re- 
elected in  1848,  and 
in    1872    and    1874; 
was  a  member  of  the 
Constitutional    Con- 
vention of  1853,  and 
from    1854    to    1S56 
was  president  of  the 
Charitable  Mechanic 
Association.      When 
it   was    proposed    in 
1880    to     erect     the 
present   building   he 
was  e  ar  n  es  t  ly  re- 
cpiested    to  and  did 
accept  the    office  of 
treasurer.      In    1868 
he  was  appointed  to 
the    State    Board    of 
Harbor    Commis- 
sioners ;  for  several  years  he  was  chairman.     For  eleven 
years  he  was  president  of  the  Boston  Board  of  Overseers 
of  the  Poor,  and  in  April,  1878,  became  treasurer,  which 
position  he  still  holds.     Mr.  Lincoln  was  one  of  the  orig 
inal  directors  of  the  Continental  Bank  ;  is  a  trustee  of  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  ;  vice-president  of 
the  Boston  Safe  Deposit  Company  ;  has  been  treasurer  of 
the  Young  Men's  Benevolent  Society  for  more  than  forty 
years ;  is  president  of  the  Franklin  Savings  Bank ;  was 


FREDERIC    WALKER    LINCOLN 


president  of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Fire  Society, 
the  constituted  term,  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Academy, 
and  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
LInion,  and  its  second  president.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Boston  Light  Infantry,  and  ranks  now  upon  its 
honorary  roll  of  veterans.  In  1854  he  became  a 
director  of  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association,  and 
for  ten  years,  up  to  1890,  was  one  of  its  vice-presidents. 
In  that  year  he  was  made  president.     For  nearly  forty 

years    he    has    been 
treasurer  of  the  Sec- 
ond Chtirch  in  Bos- 
ton.     His  terms   as 
m  a  y  o  r    of     lioston 
were:     1858-  60, 
1863-66.   Notable 
among   the    public 
deeds  of  Mayor  Lin- 
coln was  the  quelling 
of    the    draft    riots. 
T  h  e    Massachusetts 
Commandery  of  the 
Military    Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion  has 
complimented    h  i  m 
for  this  and   similar 
services    by    making 
him  a  member.     He 
delivered  the  presen- 
tation address  as 
chairman  at  the  un- 
veiling  of    the    first 
out-door  statue  in 
Boston,  that  of  Ben- 
jamin  Franklin  in 
front    of    t  h  e    City 
Hall  ;  and  both  Har- 
vard and  Dartmouth 
have  conferred  upon 
him    the    degree    of 
master  of  arts.     The  Lincoln  School  in  South  Boston  is 
named  for  him.     In   May,  1848,  Mr.   Lincoln  married 
Emeline,   daughter  of  Hon.  Jacob  Hall.     She  died  the 
following  year,  leaving  a  daughter,  Harriet  A.,  now  the 
wife  of  George  A.  Coolidge.     June  20,  1854,  he  married 
Emily  C,  daughter  of  Noah  Lincoln  ;  their  children  are  : 
Frederic  W.,  Jr.,  of  the  firm  of  Henry  W.  Peabody  iS: 
Co.,  Mary  K.  and   Louis  Revere  Lincoln.     Mr.  Lincoln 
is  a  man  of  wide  sympathies  and  generous  impulses. 


BOSTON. 


I  I  I 


EVERETT  A.  STEVENS,  railroad  commissioner,  is 
a  practical  railroad  man  in  the  literal  meaning  of 
the    term.     He   was    born   in  Madison,   Me.,   May   13, 
1843,    and    received    his    education    in    the    common 
schools.     Though    occupying    a   lucrative    position    in 
Montreal,  Canada,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War 
in  the  United  States,  he  hastened  to  take  his  part  in  the 
conflict,  and  went  to  the  front  as  a  member  of  Company 
I,   Eleventh    Regiment     of   Massachusetts    Volunteers, 
at  the  age  of   nine- 
teen years.     He  re- 
m  a  i  n  e  d     in     the 
regiment  until  it  left 
the     front     at     Cold 
Harbor,    its  term  of 
service     haxing    ex- 
pired, and  was  mus- 
tered out  on  the  24th 
of     June,    1864,    in 
Boston.      The  Elev- 
enth was  an  organi- 
zation to  which  Cen- 
eral   Hooker   in   his 
reports  paid  deserved 
compliments,  and    il 
made    an   admirable 
record  in  the  Third 
Corps  under  General 
Sickles.     The  certifi- 
c  a  t  e    of    discharge 
which     Mr.    Stevens 
holds  shows  that  he 
was    mentioned    as 
having      displayed 
conspicuous    bravery 
at   Locust  Grove,   at 
the    crossing  of    the 
North    Anna    Ri\er, 
and   in  the    Wilder- 
ness.    Returning 

from  the  scenes  of  conflict,  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad  Company,  and  passing  through 
the  different  grades,  soon  reached  the  position  of  loco- 
motive engineer,  serving  on  express  passenger  trains 
several  years,  jirincipally  on  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  route 
to  the  West.  Though  not  an  orator,  his  sound  common- 
sense  made  him  popular  with  his  craft,  and  he  was  thrice 
elected  to  the  office  of  chief  engineer  of  the  Boston 
division  of  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotixe  Engineers, 


EVERETT    A.    STEVENS. 


representing  the  division  in  several  of  the"national  con- 
ventions of  the  organization,  and  being  twice  honored 
by  election  to  office  there.  In  1883,  he  was  nominated 
by  (lovernor  Butler  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Rail- 
road Commissioners,  receiving  the  unanimous  endorse- 
ment of  the  Executive  Council.  In  1S86,  he  was 
nominated  by  Governor  Robinson,  again  in  1889  by 
Governor  .\mes,  and  yet  again  in  1892  by  Governor 
Russell,  receiving   the   unanimous   vote  of  approval  of 

the  councillors.     He 
is  active  in  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic,   having   been 
elected  two  terms  as 
commander  of    Post 
II,   of   Charlestown, 
making   the    tour  of 
the  Pacific  at  its  head 
in    1886.      Mr.    Ste- 
vens's standing   with 
the  soldiers  and  rail- 
road men  has  led  to 
other      distinction. 
He    was    prominent 
before  the  legislative 
committee   on  color 
blindness  in  1882  and 
secured  the  repeal  of 
the     law     by    which 
e\ery    railroad    man 
in  the  grade  of  train 
hands  had  to  submit 
to  a  test  in  color  and 
shade    that   w  o  u  1  d 
have  forever  incapac- 
itated the  eyejDf  the 
most     experienced 
salesman    in    dry 
goods,    fancy   gloves 
or      ribbons.        The 
test  was  brought  down  to  the  essentials  in  actual  use  by 
railways  as  signals,  night  or  day.    Further,  Commissioner 
Stevens  has  for  some  years  held   the  position  of  presi- 
dent of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Accident  Association, 
an  organization  that  provides  relief  for  its  subscribers  or 
their  families  in  the  event  of  unforeseen  bodily  mishaps, 
whether  fatal  or  temporarily  prostrating.     He  succeeded 
Mayor  Gilbert  Palmer  in  that  position,  which  he  fills 
with  energv  and  discretion. 


112 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE    movement   for   the    popularization    of    art    in 
America  had  its  origin  in  Boston.     Here,  too,  the 
educational  development  of  art  as  a  factor  in  common- 
school  instruction  first    began.     With  both  these  great 
movements,  the  name  of   Louis   Prang   is    inseparably 
connected.     He  has,  indeed,  been  more  closely  iden- 
tified   with    them    than   any   other   man.     Mr.   Prang's 
career,  from    his  dreamy  childhood  in  a  German  city, 
through  the  many  vicissitudes  of  youth  and  earlv  man- 
hood to  the  splendid 
achievements  of   his 
later  years,  is  one  of 
most    absorbing    in-  ™, 

terest.     Though  it  is  K' 

the  type  of  idealist, 
rather  than  that  of 
man  of  affairs,  that 
best  represents  him 
and  his  share  in  the 
life  of  the  times,  yet 
his  business  success 
has  been  excep- 
tional. He  was  born 
in  Breslau,  Germany. 
His  father  was  a  cal- 
ico printer,  and  the 
lad  early  s  t  u  d  i  e  tl 
chemistry  and  me- 
chanics and  learned 
the  processes  of  dye- 
ing, color- mi  xing 
and  color-printing. 
While  yet  in  his  teens 
he  was  sent  to  spend 
a  year  in  the  count- 
ing-room of  a  dyeing 
and  printing  estab- 
lishment in  AVestpha- 
lia,  where  he  gained 
a  knowledge  of  mer- 
cantile affairs.  When  about  twenty  years  old  he  was 
engaged  by  a  large  Austrian  firm  to  spend  five  years 
in  the  study  of  the  most  advanced  methods  of  dyeing 
and  color-printing  practised  in  England  and  on  the 
Continent,  with  a  view  to  organize  afterward  a  manu- 
factory in  Bohemia.  His  investigations  were  success- 
fully carried  out  for  four  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he 
returned  to  Germany  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  the 
cause   of   social   democracy.     He  was   the  leader  of  a 


LOUIS    PRANG 


revolutionary  club  in  1848,  and  was  obliged  to  flee  from 
his  native  country.  After  being  in  Switzerland  for  a 
time,  he  came  to  America,  landing  in  New  York  in 
1850.  For  a  few  years  he  led  a  precarious  existence, 
but  in  1856,  embarking  in  the  business  of  lithography 
in  color,  he  set  out  on  the  road  to  fortune.  In  1864,  he 
began  the  reproduction  of  oil  paintings  by  chromo- 
lithography.  For  these  new  creations  Mr.  Prang 
coined    the    word    "  chromo,"    a    term    that    has    been 

somewhat   roughly 
used  and  brought 
into     disrepute     by 
competitors.      How 
the  public  apprecia- 
tion  of    Mr.  Prang's 
work     has      steadily 
grown    broader    and 
more    critical ;     how 
the    delight    in    his 
exi|uisite     Christmas 
and  other  holiday 
cards    has   increased 
from    year    to   year ; 
how  many  an  artist, 
now    well    k  n  o  w  n, 
gained  his  first  rec- 
ognition   at   Louis 
Prang's   hands  ;   how 
his  public  exhibitions 
of  accepted   designs 
for  cards  have  awak- 
ened widespread  in- 
terest ;    how    he,    as 
the    founder   of    the 
Prang      Educational 
Com])any,  became  a 
pioneer  in  the  cause 
of  art  instruction  in 
the  public  schools, — 
all  this  is  part  of  the 
country's  art  history.     In  recent  years,  Mr.  Prang  has 
been  devoting  himself  with  his  usual  energy,  and  with 
the  assistance  of  the  best  color  experts,  to  a  plan  for 
color  instruction  in  the  public  schools  which  is  being 
widely  adopted.     His  plans  for  the  further  development 
of  art  education,  to  which  he  devotes  a  great  deal  of 
time  and  personal  attention,  are  of  a  very  broad  nature, 
his    efforts  having   secured  cordial   recognition  in    this 
country  and  in  Europe. 


BOSTON. 


\\% 


FOR  nearly  a  score  of  years  Joseph  Cook  has  quick- 
ened the  pulse  of  Boston's  religious  and  intellec- 
tual life.  He  is  probably  the  most  aggressive  and 
original,  as  he  is  certainly  the  most  celebrated,  defender 
of  the  Orthodox  faith  of  the  present  day.  Years  ago, 
when  he  was  in  the  zenith  of  his  fame  as  a  lecturer,  all 
Boston  was  eager  to  hear  what  Joseph  Cook  had  to  say 
about  the  latest  scientific  discovery  or  theory  and  its 
relations  to  the  faith  that  was  once  delivered  to  the 
saints.  And  the 
great  audiences  that 
still  appear  whenever 
he  is  announced  to 
lecture  or  preach 
are  ample  proof  that 
his  remarkable  popu- 
larity has  not  visiblv 
waned.  One  of  the 
most  consummate 
rhetoricians  who  ever 
lived,  he  is  likewise 
a  formidable  1  o  g  i  - 
cian,  and  can  blend 
an  ironclad,  unan- 
swerable syllogism 
with  a  daring  and 
original  metaphor, 
taking  your  breath 
away  with  his  figures 
of  speech  and  strik- 
ing you  dumb  with 
his  logic.  Though  it 
has  been  said  of 
him,  that  he  would 
effect  the  reconcilia- 
tion of  science  and 
religion  by  the  com- 
plete annihilation  of 
science  and  the  en- 
throning of   religion 

in  its  stead,  his  bitterest  opponents  must  admit  that 
Mr.  Cook  is  fully  abreast  of  the  scientific  thought  of  the 
day.  "The  Boston  Monday  Lectureship,"  established 
by  Mr.  Cook  at  Tremont  Temple  in  1873,  is  still  con- 
tinued, his  lectures,  delivered  on  eight  successive  Mon- 
days at  noon  in  the  winter  time,  being  attended  by 
thousands.  There  is  scarcely  a  domain  of  modern 
thought  that  he  does  not  enter,  and  though  his  pronun- 
ciamentos    on  politics,    social    and    economic    reform. 


JOSEPH    COOK. 


science  and  religion,  have  often  been  the  butt  of  cheap 
newspaper  jokes,  they  are  at  least  always  novel  and 
thought-provoking.  Mr.  Cook  was  born  at  Ticonderoga, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  26,  1838,  his  father  being  a  farmer.  In 
1858,  he  entered  Yale,  but  three  years  later  had  to  give 
up  his  studies  on  account  of  ill-health.  He  entered 
Harvard  as  a  junior  in  1863  and  graduated  in  1865 
with  high  honors.  After  three  years  at  Andover,  he 
spent  an  additional  year  in  the  study  of  philosophy,  but, 

although  granted  a 
license  to  preach,  he 
declined  all  invita- 
tions to  become  the 
pastor  of  a  church. 
In  1S68  and  1870, 
he  preached  at  An- 
dover and  for  a  time 
at  Lynn,  Mass.  Then 
he  went  to  Europe 
and  studied  at  vari- 
ous German  universi- 
ties  under  famous 
theologians  and  phi- 
losophers. In  1873, 
on  his  return  to 
America,  he  began 
his  course  of  noon- 
day lectures.  These 
have  been  published 
in  book  form,  and 
have  been  translated 
into  many  foreign 
languages.  The  titles 
of  the  volumes  are  : 
"  Biology,"  "Tran- 
sc  end  en  t  ali  s  m," 
"Orthodoxy,"  "Con- 
science," "  Hered- 
ity," "Marriage," 
"Labor,"  "Social- 
ism," "Occident,"  "Orient."  During  a  lecturing  tour 
of  the  world  in  1880,  Mr.  Cook  lectured  in  Great 
Britain,  and  visited  Germany,  Italy,  Greece,  Palestine, 
Egypt  and  India.  He  then  went  to  China,  Japan,  Aus- 
tralia, New  Zealand  and  the  Sandwich  Islands.  In  Japan 
he  delivered  a  number  of  lectures  through  an  interpreter 
to  Japanese  public  men.  In  1888  he  founded  Our  Day, 
a  monthly  record  and  review.  He  was  married  in  1877 
to  Georgia  Hemenway,  of  New  Haven. 


114 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GRF^AT  progress  has  been  made  in  America  during 
the    last    half    century    in    the    manufacture    of 
meteorological    instruments.     Improvements   and    new 
inventions  in  instruments  have  kept  pace  with  the  rapid 
strides  that  have  been  made  in  the  science  of  meteo- 
rology—  a  science  that  is  still  in  its  earliest  stages.     In 
almost  every  observatory  and  laboratory  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  many  foreign  lands,  the  name  of  Huddle- 
ston  is  familiar,  and  it  is  a  name  that  has  grown  to  be 
synonymous      w  i  t  h 
perfect  accuracy  and 
reliability.     By   long 
years  of  toil,  and  by 
unremitting  study  of 
the  princijjles  of  nat- 
ural science  as  rela- 
ting   to   meteorology 
and    meteorological 
instruments,  John  S. 
F.    Huddleston    has 
won  for  himself  the 
reputation  of  manu- 
facturing such   ther- 
mometers,    barome- 
ters and  meteorolog- 
ical   instruments 
generally   as    cannot 
be    excelled.       The 
story  of  his  unevent- 
ful life    may  be  told 
in  a  very  few  words. 
He  was  born  in  l,on- 
ilon,  Kngland,  and  in 
h  i  s    early   boyhood 
days    attended     the 
schools  there.    At  an 
early  age  his  parents 
came  to  the  United 
States  and  settled  in 
Boston.     Here    he 

went  to  school,  and  his  name  stands  on  the  roll  of  the 
school-boys  of  that  period,  he  having  been  a  pupil  in  the 
old  Boston  Latin  School.  After  leaving  his  studies,  his 
time  for  a  number  of  years  was  devoted  to  acquiring  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  construction  of  meteorolog- 
ical instruments  in  every  branch.  In  1839  he  com- 
menced business  on  his  own  account,  locating  on 
Washington  Street.  For  forty-three  consecutive  years 
—  and  until  the  demolition  of  the  building  —  he  was  on 


JOHN    S.    F.    HUDDLESTON. 


the  site  where  the  Glol'c  building  now  stands.  Since 
then  his  rooms  have  been  in  the  Transcript  building. 
In  social  life  at  an  early  age  he  united  himself  with 
various  utilitarian  societies,  and  soon  after  the  revival 
of  Odd  Fellowship  in  the  United  States,  in  the  early 
forties,  Mr.  Huddleston  joined  the  order,  being  one  of 
the  first  Odd  Fellows  in  Boston.  For  nearly  fifty  years 
he  has  kept  up  an  active  interest  in  the  order,  and  has 
been  honored   with  all  its  offices.     He   is  also  a  Free 

Mason    of   ad\anced 
degrees.    In  business 
Mr.  Huddleston  de- 
votes himself  entirely 
to    the    manufacture 
of  high-class  meteor- 
ological instruments, 
such  as  are   used  in 
colleges,     observato- 
ries and  laboratories, 
and  wherever  ex- 
treme scientific  accu- 
racy is  required.  His 
i  n  s  t  r  u  m  e  n  ts  have 
always    taken    the 
highest     medals 
wherever     exhibited. 
In    connection    with 
the    late    Professor 
Winlock  he  invented, 
and  is  sole  maker  of, 
an    improxement    of 
the    hygrometer, 
called    the    hygro- 
phant,  an  instnmienl 
that  shows  with  accu- 
racy and  at  a  glance, 
without  computation, 
both  the  temperature 
and    the    degree    of 
humidity.  In  weather 
bureaus  and  in  laboratories  the  hygrophant  has  grown  to 
be  almost  indispensable,    and  is  considered  a  valuable 
addition  to  the  list  of  meterological  instruments.     Mr. 
Huddleston  was  also    the  originator   of  the    enamelled 
back  tube,  which  so  markedly  improves  the  legibility  of 
the  thermometer,  and  which  is  now  in  use    the  world 
over.     In  all  the  various  meteorological  instruments  which 
he  makes,  attention  is  paid  to  a  special  adaptation  to  the 
particular  ])urposes  for  which  they  are  intended  to  be  used. 


Bosro.v. 


1 1  ' 


THE  oldest  church  of  the  Swedenborgian  faith  in 
New  England  is  the  Boston  Society  of  the  New 
Jerusalem,  which  was  established  in  1818.  Beginning 
with  only  twelve  members,  it  has  been  the  parent 
church  of  many  other  societies,  and  now  has  a  member- 
ship of  over  six  hundred.  In  the  seventy-five  years  of 
its  history,  it  has  had  but  two  pastors,  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas 
Worcester,  and  Rev.  James  Reed.  The  latter  is  one  of 
the  prominent  ministers  of  the  New  Church  (Sweden- 
borgian) in  .\merica, 
and  a  well-known 
contributor  to  its 
literature.  He  was 
born  in  Boston,  Dec. 
8,  1834,  and  is  the 
son  of  Sampson  and 
Catharine  (Clark) 
Reed.  His  father, 
who  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of 
the  city  government 
and  took  an  active 
and  leading  part  in 
the  municipal  affairs 
of  Boston,  was  the 
son  of  Rev.  Dr. 
John  Reed,  who  for 
a  long  time  was  set- 
tled over  the  old 
first  parish  in  Bridge- 
water  (now  West 
Bridgewater).  Rev. 
John  Reed's  father 
was  also  a  Congre- 
gationalist  clergy- 
man, so  that  Mr. 
Reed  comes  of 
a  ministerial  fam- 
ily. He  received 
his    early    education 

in  private  schools,  and  was  fitted  for  college  in  the 
Boston  Latin  School.  Entering  Harvard  in  185 1,  he 
graduated  in  1855,  among  his  classmates  being  Phillips 
Brooks,  Robert  Treat  Paine,  and  Alexander  .\gassiz. 
.After  graduation  he  taught  for  one  year  in  the  Boston 
Latin  School,  and  then  studied  for  the  ministry  under 
the  guidance  of  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  Worcester,  pastor  of 
the  church  of  which  Mr.  Reed's  father  had  always  been 
an   active    member.     After   two   years'    study,    he    was 


JAMES    REED 


called  to  the  assistant  pastorate  of  the  fJoston  Society 
of  the  New  Jerusalem,  and  was  ordained  to  the  min- 
istry in  April,  i860.  He  continued  as  assistant  to  Dr. 
Worcester  until  the  latter's  resignation  in  January,  1868, 
when  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  and  has  remained 
there  ever  since.  In  addition  to  his  pastoral  duties, 
Mr.  Reed  has  contributed  much  to  New  Church  litera- 
ture, and  has  published  "Religion  and  Life"  (New 
York,  i869),j"^Man  and  Woman"  (Boston,  1870),  and 

"  Swedenborg      and 
the     New    Church" 
(Boston,      1880). 
He    was     for    some 
time     an     editor    of 
the  "  New  Jerusalem 
Magazine."      Fro  m 
187 1    till    1875    Mr. 
Reed  sersed  on  the 
Boston  School  Com- 
mittee, and  one  year 
he    drew    up    the 
annual  report  of  the 
Board.      He    was 
married,    Dec.     19, 
1858,  to  Miss  Emily 
E.  Ripley,  of  Brook- 
line.     They  'have 
five    children    living, 
the  eldest  son  being 
in   business    in   Bos- 
ton.    The  joint  cel- 
ebration   of    the 
seventy-fifth     a  n  n  i  - 
versary  of  the  Boston 
Society  of   the.  New 
Jerusalem,    and    the 
twenty-fifth   anniver- 
sary  of   Mr.    Reed's 
pastorate     will     be 
held    in     1893,    and 
the  event  will  doubtless  be  a  notable  one  in  the  history 
of    the    New   Church    in    New   England.     Though    its 
membership    is  widely  scattered  over  Boston  and   the 
suburbs,  and   though  so  many  of    the    churches    have 
been  obliged  to  leave  the  centre  of   the  city  for  the 
Back    Bay,   the    Society   of    the    New    Jerusalem    still 
flourishes  in  its  old  home  on  Bowdoin  Street,  which  it 
has  occupied  for  forty-eight  years.     Mr.  Reed  lives  in 
Louisburg  Square. 


ii6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


C()].ONEL  HENRY  LEE,  projector  and  man- 
ager of  the  Union  Safe  Deposit  Vaults,  and 
senior  member  of  the  leading  banking  firm  of  I.ee, 
Higginson  &  Co.,  was  born  in  lioston,  the  seventh  gen- 
eration in  descent  from  the  family  of  Lee  that  came  to 
America  in  the  year  1630,  and  from  that  time  to  the 
present  has  been  prominent  in  the  high  social  life  of 
Ipswich,  Beverly,  Salem,  Cambridge  and  Boston.  He 
has  maintained  a  position  as  a  public-spirited  and  gen- 
erous citizen,  and  is 
now  enjoying  a  vig- 
orous and  happy  old 
age.  After  passing 
through  all  the  grades 
of  the  public  and 
preparatory  schools, 
he  entered  Harvard 
University  in  1832, 
and  graduated  in 
1836.  His  father, 
also  named  Henry, 
who  died  in  Boston 
Feb.  6,  1867,  re- 
ceived the  electoral 
vote  of  South  Caro- 
lina as  a  Whig  on 
the  occasion  of  Pres- 
ident Andrew  Jack- 
son's second  elec- 
tion. His  mother 
was  May,  daughter 
of  Hon.  Jonathan 
Jackson.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Colonel 
Perkins.  Colonel 
Lee  was  among  the 
first  to  api^reciate  the 
advantage  of  a  place 
of    safe    deposit    for 

valual)les  in  Boston,  and  it  was  mainly  through  his 
agency  that  the  system  was  established  there,  the  insti- 
tution of  which  he  is  the  head  being  the  pioneer.  It  is 
an  enduring  monument  to  his  business  sagacity,  and  at 
the  same  time  the  pattern  for  many  others  tC)  follow 
with  security  and  profit.  The  Massachusetts  Lees  are 
closely  allied  to  many  of  the  most  distinguished  families 
of  the  State's  earlier  and  later  history,  such  as  those  of 
Winthrop,  Saltonstall,   Pickering,   Higginson,  Endicott, 


HENRY    LEE 


and  others  that  have  always  been  social,  business  and 
political  leaders  in  Salem,  Boston  and  Cambridge. 
Colonel  Lee  has  served  several  terms  on  the  Board  of 
Overseers  of  Harvard  L^niversity,  and  ever  took  a  prom- 
inent part  in  its  deliberations  and  important  actions. 
The  Massachusetts  Historical  Society  has  long  had  the 
benefit  of  his  active  membership.  From  early  life  he 
has  been  interested  in  dramatic  affairs,  and  of  many 
engagements  of  high  character  he  has  always  been  a 

generous  and  in- 
fluential patron. 
Throughout  the  war 
for  the  Union  Colonel 
Lee  was  an  earnest 
supporter  of  Govern- 
or John  A.  Andrew, 
having  been  on  the 
personal  staff  of  the 
commander  -  in  -chief 
for  several  years  as 
aide-de-camp.  In 
those  stirring  times 
a  position  on  the 
staff  meant  work, 
and  from  such  patri- 
otic duty  the  colonel 
was  not  the  man  to 
flinch.  He  and  his 
business  associates 
have  often  led  with 
their  influence  and 
large  means  in  en- 
terprises of  a  benev- 
olent and  educational 
nature,  and  the  suc- 
cess of  many  such 
projects  has  been 
mainly  due  to  the 
examples  they  set  to 
their  wealthy  fellow- 
citizens  in  this  and  other  Massachusetts  communities. 
An  ardent  lover  of  nature.  Colonel  Lee  passes  a  good 
portion  of  his  leisure  on  his  large  and  beautiful  estate 
at  Chestnut  Hill,  Brookline,  a  region  noted  for  its  scenic 
surroundings.  Colonel  Lee  has  always  been  identified 
with  the  highest  intellectual  and  artistic  life  of  New 
England,  and  throughout  the  financial  world,  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic,  the  name  of  Lee,  Higginson  &  Co. 
represents  solid  worth  and  enterprise. 


BOSTON. 


117 


WHEN      President      Harrison,     in     April,     1892, 
appointed  Thomas  Jefferson  Coolidge,  of   Bos- 
ton, to  succeed  Whitelavv  Reid  as  minister  of  tlie  I'nited 
States  in  Paris,  the  appointment  was  in  the  nature  of  a 
gratifying  surprise,  though  the  wisdom  of  the  choice  was 
immediately    recognized.      Mr.    Coolidge    inherited    at 
once  the  blood  of  the  first  families  of  Massachusetts  and 
of  the  first  families   of  Virginia.     His   maternal  great- 
grandfather   was   Thomas   Jefferson,    and    his    paternal 
grandfather  was 
Joseph  Coolidge,  de- 
scendant  of   one   of 
the       distinguished 
families  of  New  Eng- 
land .     T.  Jefferson 
Coolidge  was  born  in 
Boston  in   1831,  the 
son   of  a  prosperous 
China  merchant.  His 
early   education  was 
obtained    in    France 
and   tiermany.     Re- 
turning to  this  coun- 
try  when   about   fif- 
teen   years    old,    h  e 
entered  Harvard,  and 
graduated  in  the  class 
of  1850.     Mr.  Cool- 
id  ge  '  s    career    has 
been  almost  entirely 
one  of  business.    Up 
to    the    time    of    his 
appointment  as  min- 
ister  to    France    h  e 
had    held    but    two 
public  posts  —  park 
commissioner  of 
Boston  and  delegate 
to  the  Pan-.-\merican 
Congress.     After 

graduation,  he  entered  the  East  India  trade,  embarking 
in  business  with  the  late  Joseph  Gardner.  In  1858  he 
accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Boott  Manufacturing 
Company,  with  large  cotton  mills  at  Lowell.  The  com- 
pany was  then  in  a  weak  financial  condition,  but  before 
he  left  it,  two  years  later,  he  had  rebuilt  the  mill  and 
established  the  business  on  a  firm  footing.  He  then 
went  abroad,  and  after  several  years'  residence  in 
France,  returned  to  this  country  and  took  charge  of  the 


THOMAS   JEFFERSON    COOLIDGE. 


Lawrence  Manufacturing  Company.  In  1880  he  gave 
up  most  of  his  manufacturing  interests  and  for  a  time 
was  president  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe' 
Railroad  while  the  company  was  making  a  struggle  for 
existence.  He  tided  it  over  its  worst  period  and  then 
resigned  and  spent  a  year  in  Europe.  On  his  return  he 
accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Oregon  Railway  &  Navi- 
gation Company,  which  he  held  temporarily.  He  has 
been  identified  with  the  Amory  and  the  Dwight  Manu- 
facturing companies, 
and  has  been  director 
in  the  Boston  & 
Lowell,  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy, 
and  other  railroads, 
and  in  many  banking 
enterprises.  Mr. 
Coolidge  has  been  a 
Republican  for  about 
ten  years,  but  he  has 
never  been  promi- 
nent in  politics.  His 
son,  T.  J  e  ff  e  r  s  o  n 
Coolidge,  Jr.,  w  a  s 
one  of  the  leading 
spirits  in  the  estab- 
lish m  e  n  t  of  the 
Young  Men's  Dem- 
ocratic Club  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  there 
was  in  consequence 
frequent  misunder- 
standing  of  the 
father's  position. 
Minister  Coolidge 
has  been  noted  for 
his  philanthropy,  be- 
ing prominent  in  the 
public  charities  of 
Boston.  At  Harvard 
he  erected  the  Jefferson  Physical  Laboratory,  and  to  the 
town  of  Manchester  (Mass.)  he  gave  a  public  library. 
He  is  an  overseer  of  Harvard  College,  a  member  of  the 
Somerset  Club  and  of  the  Harvard  University  Club,  of 
New  York.  He  married  a  daughter  of  William  Apple- 
ton,  one  of  Boston's  great  merchants.  They  have  four 
children  :  T.  Jefferson  Coolidge,  Jr.,  president  of  the 
Old  Colony  Trust  Company ;  Mrs.  Lucius  Sargent,  Mrs. 
Fred.  Sears,  Jr.,  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Newbold. 


IIS 


AfASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  career  of  Thomas  B.  Fitzpatrick,  who  has  an 
honored  name  in  the  mercantile  world,  and  who 
in  the  Irish  national  and  other  philanthropic  causes  is  a 
tower  of  strength,  illustrates  vividly  the   fact  that    the 
doors  of  success  are  barred  to  none  who  will  honestly 
and  perseveringly  strive  to  enter.     He  was  born  in  Graf- 
ton, Mass.,  Dec.  17,  1844,  the  son  of  Mary  and  Patrick 
Fitzpatrick.     In  his  youth  the  family  moved  to  Hopkin- 
ton,  and  here  young  Fitzpatrick  worked  on  his  father's 
farm    nights    and 
mornings,     and 
walked    three    miles 
each    way   daily,    to 
attend   the   Hopkin- 
ton  High  School.  He 
was  able  to  go  during 
the    fall    and   winter 
terms    only   of   each 
year,  but  he  finished 
the    course   and  was 
the  first  Catholic  boy 
to  graduate  from  the 
school.     'I'hat  was  in 
1 86 1,     and    he    was 
the    valedictorian   of 
his  class.     The  same 
indomitable     energy 
that  he  had  displayed 
in  getting  an  educa- 
tion in  spite    of  the 
difificulties,character- 
ized  his  business  life 
from    the  start.     He 
came  to  Boston  and 
found  employment 
at  two  dollars  a  week 
as  errand  boy  for  the 
firm  of  E.  D.  Bell  & 
Co.,     supplementing 
his  meagre  salary  by 

working  evenings.  Schofield,  liarron  &  Co.,  dealers  in 
fancy  dry  goods,  soon  discovered  his  merits  and  sent 
him  to  New  York,  when  he  was  about  twenty  years  old, 
to  take  charge  of  their  branch  office  there.  Before  he 
had  attained  his  majority  he  was  admitted  to  the  firm. 
On  the  dissolution  of  the  partnership,  Mr.  P'itzpatrick 
went  to  the  firm  of  Mason,  'I'ucker  &  Co.,  Boston,  as 
travelling  salesman,  and  built  up  a  large  trade  for  them  in 
the  New  England  States.     In  July,  1872,  he  became  con- 


THOMAS    B.    FITZPATRICK 


nected  with  Brown,  Dutton  &  Co.,  in  the  same  capacity. 
After  the  great  fire  of  that  year  the  present  firm  of 
Brown,  Durrell  &  Co.,  dealers  in  fancy  dry  goods,  was 
formed  by  Messrs.  Brown,  Durrell  and  Fitzpatrick,  the  two 
latter  gentlemen  enjoying  an  equal  interest  with  Mr. 
Brown.  The  firm,  starting  with  a  comparatively  small 
capital,  has  built  up  a  business  of  over  five  million  dol- 
lars annually,  which  is  more  than  double  that  of  any 
other    Boston   house  in  the   same  line,  and  one  of  the 

largest  in  the  United 
States.      The   active 
management   of   the 
business    is    in    the 
hands    of    Messrs. 
Durrell  and  Fitzpat- 
rick, the  senior  part- 
ner attending  to  the 
financial    matters    of 
the  firm.     For  many 
years  Mr.  Fitzpatrick 
has  been   prominent 
in  all  movements  for 
the    welfare    of    the 
Irish    people,    being 
intimately  associated 
with  the  great  leaders 
both  in  America  and 
in  Ireland.     He  was 
for  a  longtime  presi- 
dent of  the  Municipal 
Council  of  the  Irish 
National       Land 
League ;     has     been 
president   of   the 
Catholic  Union,  the 
most    influential 
Catholic  organization 
in    Boston ;   director 
of  the  Working  Boys' 
Home  ;  is  a  member 
of  the  Catholic  Order  of   Foresters,  of   the  Charitable 
Irish  Society,  and  of  many  other  organizations  ;  director 
of  the  Union  Institution   for  Sa\ings,  and  also  of  the 
Newton  Co-operative  Bank,  which  he  helped  to  estab- 
lish.    Mr.  Fitz]3atick  was  married  in   1875  to  Miss  Sarah 
Gleason,  of  Fitchburg.     They  have  seven  children,  five 
sons  and  two  daughters,  for  whom  Mr.  Fitzpatrick  has 
established  and  maintains,  at  his  home  in  West  Newton, 
a  private  school,  one  of  the  few  of  its  kind  in  America. 


BOSTON. 


119 


■^  i' 


VERY    REV.    WILLIAM     BYRNE,     D.  D.,    vicar- 
general  of  the  archdiocese  of  Boston,  is  one  of 
the  best   known  of   American  churchmen.     Dr.  Byrne 
was  born  in  Kilmessan,  County  Meath,  Ireland,  in  1835, 
went  to   Baltimore    in   1852,    and  went  into  business; 
but  finally,  convinced  of  his  call  to  the  i)riesthood,  left 
a  good  position  and  brilliant  prospects.     He  pursued 
his    ecclesiastical    studies    at    Mt.    St.    Mary's    College, 
Emmittsburg,  Md.,  and  was  ordainetl  for  the  diocese  of 
Boston,    Dec.    31, 
1864.      For    some 
time  before  his  ordi- 
nation,   and    for    a 
year   thereafter,    h  e 
was   professor   of 
mathematics  and 
Greek  at  the  college. 
He  was    recalled    to 
Boston  late  in   1865. 
The   Rt.    Rev.    John 

J.  Williams,  after  his  Hjfi    "HB^' 

consecration    as 

Bishop  of  Boston,  .^t^ 

March  11,  1866,  ap-  „ — .. 

pointed  Father  Byrne 
chancellor  of  the 
diocese.  Later  he 
was  made  pastor  of 
St.  Mary's,  Charles- 
town.  Dr.  Byrne 
had  the  privilege,  on 
June  6,  1875,  of  offi- 
ciating at  the  first 
Catholic  religious 
services  ever  held  in 
the  State  Prison, 
Charlestown.  On  the 

death    of    the    Very  WILLIAM    BYRNE. 

Rev.  P.  F.  Lyndon, 
April    18,    1S78,  Dr. 

Byrne  succeeded  him  in  the  office  of  vicar-general.  In 
1880  he  was  induced  to  accept  the  presidency  of  Mt. 
St.  Mary's,  Emmittsburg,  Md.,  in  order  that  he  might 
extricate  it  from  financial  difficulties.  This  he  accom- 
plished in  three  years  and  won  the  grateful  esteem  of 
the  whole  American  episcopate  and  priesthood.  On  his 
return  to  Boston,  he  succeeded  to  the  pastorate  of  St. 
Joseiih's.  Dr.  Byrne  was  the  founder  of  the  Boston 
Temperance    Missions.     He  was   administrator  of   the 


archdiocese  during  Archbishop  Williams'  visits  to  Rome 
in  1883  and  1887;  he  also  represented  the  archbishop 
in  Rome  at  the  Golden  Jul)ilee  of  Pope  Leo  XIII.,  in 
1888.  While  in  Rome  he  received  many  marks  of 
sjjecial  favor  from  the  authorities  there.  At  the  St. 
Patrick's  day  banquet  in  London  in  1888,  he  responded 
to  the  toast ,"  The  Irish  in  America."  Dr.  Byrne  is  a 
clear  and  vigorous  writer.  The  chapter  on  "The 
Roman  Catholic  Church  in  Boston,"  in  "The  Memorial 

History  of    Boston," 
is    from    his    pen; 
and   his    new   book, 
"Catholic  Doctrine," 
has    received  the 
highest    commenda- 
tion from  Archbishop 
Williams,  Cardinal 
Gibbons,    and    other 
high  authorities.    He 
is  often  called  u|ion 
to  state  the  Catholic 
attitude  toward  burn- 
ing questions.    Some 
years   ago    the   Uni- 
versalist  ministers  of 
Boston  sent  him  an 
invitation  to  prepare 
a  paper   to  be   read 
before  one    of    their 
conferences,  to  which 
he  responded  by  an 
admirable  address  on 
"Aids  to  Practical 
Piety,"    which    was 
very    well    received. 
Early   in    189.2,    Dr. 
Byrne    accepted    an 
invitation   to   a   stu- 
dents' conference  at 
Harvard    University, 
and  read  before  them  a  masterly  paper  on  "Authority 
as  a  Medium  of  Religious  Knowledge."     Dr.  Byrne  was 
one  of  the  closest  friends  of  the  brilliant  John   Boyle 
O'Reilly,  and  projected  and  carried  out  successfully  one 
of  the  most  interesting  memorials  to  the  lamented  dead 
—  the   portrait  bust,  executed  by  the  sculptor  Samuel 
Kitson,  in  the  Catholic  LTniversity.     He  has  lately  pub- 
lished, in  "  Donahoe's  Magazine,"  a  paper  on  the  school 
question  that  has  attracted  much  attention. 


120 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


THOUGH  not  born  or  reared   under   the  Arcadian 
influences  that  have  shaped  the  lives  of  so  many 
of  Boston's  men  of  letters,  Thomas 'Bailey  Aldrich,  now 
in  his  sunny  prime, —  the  most  pointed  and  exquisite  of 
living  American  lyrical  craftsmen, —  is  justly  awarded  a 
place  at  the  head  of  the  younger  art  school.     As  editor  for 
several  years  of  the  "  Atlantic  Monthly,"  he  was  one  of  the 
central  figures  in  a  group  that  included  the  most  famous 
names  in  American  literature.     And  since  his  retirement 
from  editorial  duties 
his  pen  has  been  as 
busy  as  ever  before. 
A    poet    of     inborn 
taste,  a  votary  of  the 
beautiful,  many  of  his 
delicately   conceived 
pieces  are  unexcelled 
by  any  modern  work, 
and  they  illustrate  the 
American  instinct 
which  unites  a  Saxon 
honesty  of  feeling  to 
that  artistic   subtilty 
in  which  the  French 
surpass     the     world. 
His  shorter  tales  and 
sketches,    fi  n  i  s  h  e  d 
like  so  many  poems 
in  prose,  are  as  spark- 
lingly  original  as  they 
are  delightful  for  the 
the  airy  by-play,  the 
refined  nuances,  of  a 
captivating      literary 
style.  Thomas  Bailey 
Aldrich    was  born    a 
poet.      That    h  a  p  - 
pened  Nov.  ii,  1836, 
at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
the  "  Rivermouth  "  of 

his  stories,  and  before  he  had  reached  the  age  of  nine- 
teen he  gave,  in  "The  Bells,"  the  first  proof  of  his 
birthright.  He  began  a  course  of  study  preparatory  to 
entering  college,  but  relinquished  his  purpose  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  and  undertook  mercantile  life  in 
the  counting-room  of  his  uncle,  a  merchant  in  New 
York.  The  muse,  however,  was  not  to  be  balked.  He 
remained  with  his  uncle  three  years,  and  during  this 
period  frequently  contributed  verses  to  the  New  York 


THOMAS    BAILEY/  ALDRICH 


journals.  A  collection  of  his  poems  was  published  in 
New  York  in  1855,  the  volume  taking  its  name  from 
the  initial  piece,  "The  Bells."  A  most  successful  poem, 
"Baby  Bell,"  published  in  1856,  was  generally  copied 
throughout  the  entire  country,  and  perhaps  it  was  the 
favor  with  which  it  was  received  that  induced  him  to 
abandon  mercantile  pursuits  for  a  literary  career.  He 
obtained  a  position  as  reader  for  a  publishing  house, 
and  became  a   frequent  contributor   to  the  New  York 

Evening  Mirror,  the 
"  Knickerb  o  c  k  e  r ," 
"  Putnam's    M  a  g  a  - 
zine,"  and  the  weekly 
newspapers.   In  1856 
he  joined  the  staff  of 
the  New  York  Home 
Journal,  which   was 
then  under  the  man- 
agement of   Nathan- 
iel  P.  Willis   and 
George     P.     Morris. 
He  continued  in  this 
position  three  years, 
during    which     time 
his    pen    was    busy, 
many  of   his    poems 
and    stories    becom- 
ing popular  favorites. 
In  1866  he  came  to 
Boston   to   take    the 
editorial     charge    of 
Evetj  Saturday,  and 
in    1 88 1    was    called 
to  the  editorship 
of    the   "Atlantic 
Monthly,"  to  succeed 
W.  D.  Howells.    Mr. 
Aldrich's  best-known 
prose    works    are: 
"  The  Story  of  a  Bad 
Boy,"  which    is  in  some  degree   autobiographical,  and 
which,  under   the    name   of  "The  Young  Desperado," 
was  contributed  to  "  Our    Young    Folks  "  many  years 
ago ;    "  Prudence    Palfrey,"    and    "  Marjorie    Daw,  and 
Other  Stories."     Translations  of  his  books  have  had  a 
wide  circulation  in   Europe.     He  was  married  in  1865, 
has  two  sons,  twins,  and  lives  in  a  beautiful   home  at 
No.  59  Mt.  Vernon  Street.     His  readers  are  familiar  with 
the  name  of  Ponkapog,  his  summer  residence. 


BOSTON. 


121 


THE  most  familiar  name  in  the  history  of  American 
music  is  that  of  Dr.  Lowell   Mason,  who  accom- 
plished more  than  any  other  man  for  the  introduction 
of  music  into  schools.     One  of  his  sons  is  Dr.  William 
Mason,  of  New  York,  a  well-known  composer.     Another 
son,  Henry,  built  the  first  American  cabinet  or  parlor 
organ,  and  with   Mr.   Hamlin,  in    1854,  established    a 
business   that    has    grown    to    enormous    proportions, 
acquiring  a  world-wide  reputation,  and  is  now  known  as 
the  Mason  &  Hamlin 
Organ    and    Piano 
Company.     Of  this 
company  Edward  P.  ' 

Mason,  son  of  Henr}-, 
and  grandson  of  Dr. 
l,owell  Mason,  is  the 
president.  He  was 
born  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  June  13,  1859, 
the  son  of  Henry 
and  Helen  Augusta 
(Palmer)  Mason. 
Having  attended 
public  and  private 
schools,  he  entered 
Harvard  College  and 
graduated  in  1881, 
among  his  classmates 
being  Rev.  Dr. 
George  A.  Gordon, 
pastor  of  the  Old 
South  Church,  and 
Mr.  Charles  M  a  c  - 
Veagh  (son  of  Wayne 
MacVeagh),  Grover 
Cleveland's  law  part- 
ner. After  gradua- 
ting, Mr.  Mason  en- 
tered his  father's 
business,     beginning 

at  the  bottom  and  working  his  way  up.  In  1884  he 
went  to  the  New  York  house  of  the  Mason  &  Hamlin 
Company,  and  in  188S  was  made  its  manager.  He  held 
this  position  until  Jan.  i,  1890,  when  he  was  elected 
treasurer  of  the  company,  and  returned  to  Boston. 
Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  in  May  of  the  same  year, 
he  was  chosen  president  of  the  company,  the  office 
which  he  now  holds.  Mr.  Mason  was  married  in  1886 
to  Miss  Mary  Lord   Taintor,  of   South    Orange,  N.  J. 


EDWARD    P.    MASON 


They   have    two   children    living.      Their   home    is    in 
Boston.     The    .\merican   cabinet    organ   is    the    most 
widely  used  of  large   musical  instruments.     It  was  in- 
troduced in  its  present  general  form  by  Mason  &  Ham- 
lin, in  1861,  and  its  use  has  extended  to  all  civilized 
countries,  about  eighty  thousand   being  now  manufac- 
tured yearly  in  the  United  States.     The  present  busi- 
ness, which,  until  1868,  had  been  conducted  under  the 
name  of  Mason  &  Hamlin,  was  in  that  year  incorpo- 
rated under  the  laws 
o  f       Massachusetts, 
and    has    a    paid-up 
capital   of   fi\e  hun- 
dred    thousand 
dollars.     The     man- 
ufactories  of  the 
Mason      &     Hamlin 
Organ    and    Piano 
Company,      situated 
a  t      Cambridgeport, 
employ  five  hundred 
skilled   workmen    in 
the    various    depart- 
ments.    The    Mason 
&  Hamlin   organs 
have  carried  off  the 
highest    medals    and 
premiums   at  all  the 
great   world's    fairs 
since   and    including 
that  of  Paris  in  1867. 
In  the  kindred  field 
of     piano    manufac- 
turing  the   company 
has    met   with    pro- 
nounced succetis,  the 
Mason   &  Hamlin 
piano   presenting 
radical     improve- 
ments  in  the  method 
of  stringing,  by  which  an  unusually  pure  and  refined  musi- 
cal tone  and  great  durability  are  secured,  with  greatly 
decreased  liability  to  getting  out   of   tune.     In   every 
respect  the  Mason  &  Hamlin  pianos  are  constructed  in 
accordance  with  the  most  advanced  principles  of  the 
art,  and  their  singing  capacity  is  marvellous  ;  the  tone 
powerful,  sweet,  and  brilliant,  the  scale  perfect  and  the 
actions  the  best  in  every  respect.     Mr.  Mason  is  con- 
nected with  the  leading  social  clubs  of  Boston. 


122 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


J 


OSEPH   O.   BURDETT,  who  is  prominent  in  the 
councils    of   the   Republican   party  of    Massachu- 
setts,  was   born    in  Wakefield    (then    South    Reading), 
Middlesex   County,    Oct.  30,    1848,  being    the    son    of 
Joseph  and  Sally  (Mansfield)  Burdett.     His  early  edu- 
cation was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  Wakefield, 
and  in  1867  he  entered  Tufts  College,  at  Medford.     He 
was  a  very  hard-working  student  here,  and  was  gradu- 
ated second   in  his  class,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
he  had  to  be  absent 
nearly  one    half   the 
time    to    earn    the 
money  necessary  for 
the  other   half.     He 
took  up  the  study  of 
law  immediately 
upon  his  graduation, 
in  the  office  of  Judge 
Hammond,  then  city 
solicitor  of  Cam- 
bridge,   and    in    the 
same     year    entered 
the     Harvard    I.  a  w 
School.     On    April 
19,  1873,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in 
Middlesex  County, 
and  during   the    fol- 
lowing year  practised 
with    Judge    Ham- 
mond.    In    1874   he 
moved  to  Hingham. 
where  he  now  lives, 
and  in  the  following 
year  opened  an  oiifice 
in  Boston,  where  his 
great     industry    and 
integrity   soon    built 
up  for  him  a  lucra- 
tive   practice.      For 

more  than  fifteen  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Hingham  School  Board,  and  its  chairman  for  more  than 
ten  years.  In  public  affairs  Mr.  Burdett  has  always 
taken  an  active  interest,  and  this  has  led  him  several 
times  into  public  office.  Hull  and  Hingham,  in  1S84, 
sent  him  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  General  Court,  and 
in  that  term  of  service  he  was  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Public  Service.  He  reported  a  civil  service 
bill  which,  largely  through  his  earnest  and    intelligent 


JOSEPH    0.    BURDETT 


labor,  became  the  law  of  the  State,  it  being  most  per- 
sistently fought  at  every  stage  of  its  progress  toward 
passage.  In  the  following  year  he  was  re-elected,  and 
while  retaining  his  position  as  chairman  of  the  Public 
Ser\'ice  Committee,  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Judi- 
ciary Committee.  In  the  more  important  tlebates  in 
the  House  that  year  he  was  prominent.  In  1886  Mr. 
Burdett  was  made  a  member  of  the  Republican  State 
Central    Committee,   and    in    that   body   he    showed    a 

political    shrewdness 
and  capacity  for  or- 
ganization    and     ef- 
fective   work    which 
won  deserved  recog- 
nition.      When    the 
committee  was  reor- 
ganized, in   1889,  he 
was  u  n  a  n  i  m  o  u  s  1 )' 
elected  chairman, 
and  remained  in  that 
position  three  years, 
serving  with    fidelity 
and    energy.     The 
next  year  his  growing 
business  called   him 
away  from  the  scene 
of  active  politics,  and 
he    again    devoted 
himself  to    the    pro- 
fession   which    he 
graces,  and  in  which 
he  has  gained  much 
prominence.        M  r . 
Burdett   has  consid- 
erable   aptitude    for 
business,   and   is 
director  of  the  Rock- 
land   Hotel    Com- 
pany,    which     owns 
the  two  beautiful  and 
famed  hotels  at  Nantasket, —  the  Nantasket  and  Rock- 
land houses.     He  is  also  a  director  in   the  Weymouth 
Light  and  Power  Company,  which  furnishes  light  to  the 
towns  of  Weymouth  and  Hingham.     He  is  now  actively 
engaged   in   the   practice   of  law  in  Boston.     In    1874, 
upon  his  removal  to  Hingham,  Mr.  Burdett  married  Ella, 
daughter  of  John  K.  and  Joan  J.  Corthell,  of  that  town. 
His  three  children  are  :  Harold  Corthell,  Edith  Mans- 
field, and  Helen  Ripley  Burdett. 


BOSTON. 


123 


NEARLY  three  generations  of  Bostonians  have  been 
trained  to  love  the  choral  classics  given  by  the 
venerable  Handel  and   Haydn  Society,  of   which  Carl 
Zerrahn  is  the  leader.     There  can  be  no   doubt   that 
much  of  the    progress   of   the  society,  from    its    crude 
beginning  in   18 15  to  the  lofty  ideals  and  achievements 
which  it  attained  within  two  or  three  decades  after  its 
foundation,  was  due  to  the  influence  of  German  musi- 
cians, just  as  it  has  reached  the  high-water  mark  of  its 
efficiency  under  the 
artistic    direction   of 
the   German   who  is 
still  at  the  post  which 
he  accepted  in  Sep- 
tember,  1854.      For 
more  than  a  genera- 
tion    Carl     Zerrahn 
has,  by  virtue  of  his 
position  as  conductor 
of  the  society,  been 
the   most    conspicu- 
ous chorus  leader  in 
America.      He    was 
born    in    IMalchow, 
in   the  grand  duchy 
of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,    July     28, 
1826.    He  began  the 
study  of  music  when 
he  was  twelve  years 
old,  under    F.  Web- 
ber, in  Rostock,  and 
subsequently  studied 
in  Hanover  and  Ber- 
lin.     The     agitated 
state  of  the  country 
about    the    time    he 
attained    his    major- 
ity,   culminating    in 
the     revolution     of 

March,  1848,  had  a  serious  effect  on  the  musical  inter- 
ests of  Germany,  and  influenced  many  to  seek  refuge  in 
America.  Among  others,  Mr.  Zerrahn,  and  about  a 
score  of  kindred  spirits,  determined  to  leave  the  Father- 
land and  organized  what  was  known  as  the  Germania 
Musical  Society.  They  visited  London,  where  a  series 
of  entertainments  was  given  with  distinguished  artistic 
success.  In  August,  1848,  they  left  London  for  the 
United  States,  and  gave  a  series  of  sixteen  concerts  in 


CARL  ZERRAHN. 


New  York  and  Brooklyn,  meeting  with  unbounded  suc- 
cess. The  series  closed  in  November,  after  which  they 
visited  Philadelphia,  Baltimore  and  Washington,  and 
then  came  to  Boston,  where  their  success  was  such  as 
to  cause  the  number  of  their  concerts  to  be  extended 
to  twenty-two.  Subsequently  the  company  appeared 
many  times  in  conjunction  with  Madame  Sontag,  Ole 
Bull,  and  other  distinguished  artists.  In  1854  the  com- 
pany disbanded,  and  in  a  short  time  Mr.  Zerrahn  was 

appointed  conductor 
of  the  Handel  and 
Haydn  Society.  In 
1866  he  was  chosen 
conductor  of  the 
Har\ard  Symphony 
Association.  He  has 
also  been  conductor 
of  the  Philharmonic 
Society,  of  the  Salem 
Oratorio  Society,  of 
the  Lynn  Choral 
Union,  of  the  Taun- 
ton Beethoven  Soci- 
ety, and  of  the 
Exeter  Choral  Union. 
For  many  years  he 
has  been  teacher  of 
classes  in  the  art  of 
conducting,harmony, 
composition,  etc.,  at 
the  New  England 
Conservatory  of 
Music.  He  was 
prominently  engaged 
in  the  management 
of  the  Peace  Jubilees 
of  1869  and  1872. 
He  has  also  had  ex- 
clusive control  over 
the  Handel  and 
Haydn  Triennial  Festivals.  Thoroughly  familiar  with 
all  the  great  vocal  and  instrumental  works,  he  is  equal 
to  any  emergency,  and  when  he  waves  his  baton  he  is 
as  calm  as  a  summer  morn,  every  movement  and  wave 
of  his  hand  indicating  as  thorough  a  knowledge  of  and 
preparation  for  the  important  work  of  any  particular 
occasion  as  though  no  other  care  had  ever  engaged  his 
attention.  Carl  Zerrahn's  honorable  place  in  the  history 
of  music  in  .America  is  firmly  established. 


124 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


LAWYER,  i)olitician    and    business    man,    Halsey  J. 
Boardman  is  one  of  the  active  figures  in  the  Hfe 
of  contemporary  Boston.     He  was  born  May  19,  1834, 
in  Norwich,  Windsor  County,  ^'t.,  the  son  of  Nathaniel 
and  Sarah  (Hunt)  Boardman.     His  earliest  ancestor  in 
this  country  was  Samuel  Boardman,  a  Puritan,  who  set- 
tled in  Connecticut  in   1631.     In  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town  he  was  fitted  for  Thetford  Academy,  and 
graduated  from  that  institution   in    1854  as  the  valedic- 
torian   of    his    class. 
Entering   Dartmouth 
College  in  the  same 
year,    he    graduated 
in     1858    with    high 
honors.    .After  teach- 
ing the    high  school 
in  Leominster,  Mass., 
one  year,   he   c  o  n  - 
tinued,  in  the  ofifice 
of  Norcross  &  Snow 
a  t    Fitchburg,    and 
later  with  Philip  H. 
Sears  at  Boston,  the 
study   of  law,  which 
he  had  pursued  while 
teaching.     Admitted 
to  the  Suffolk  bar  in 
i860,  he   began    the 
practice  of  1  a  w,  i  n 
Boston,   as   senior 
partner   of   the   firm 
of    Boardman   & 
Blodgett,    this    rela- 
tion continuing  until 
the  elevation  of   the 
junior  partner,  Caleb 
Blodgett,    to    the 
bench  of  the  Superior 
Court.  Subsequently, 
Stephen  H.  Tyng  was 

admitted  as  partner,  and  later  Frank  Paul.  Mr.  Board- 
man  is  now  in  practice  alone.  During  the  past  few- 
years  he  has  been  engaged  in  various  manufacturing 
and  railroad  interests,  which  have  necessitated  frequent 
and  prolonged  absences  from  the  city  and  State.  His 
business  and  legal  talents  have  made  him  influential  in 
many  quarters.  He  is  president  of  the  Duluth  &  Win- 
nipeg Railroad  Company,  and  a  director  of  se\eral  other 
railroad  corporations.     He  is  also  president  of  the  F^vans 


HALSEY   J.    BOARDMAN. 


Coal  Company,  a  large  producer  of  anthracite  coal  in 
Pennsylvania;  jjresident  of  the  Commercial  Mining 
Company  of  Colorado,  and  director  of  the  Boston 
Marine  Insurance  Company.  Mr.  Boardman  has  been 
rejieatedly  called  by  his  fellow-citizens  to  public  ofifice. 
From  1862  to  1864  he  was  commissioner  of  the  Board 
of  Enrolment,  under  President  Lincoln,  for  the  fourth 
Congressional  district.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the 
Republican   V^'ard    and    City  Committee  of  Boston  in 

1874,    member    of 
the   Common  Coun- 
cil, and  its  president, 
in  1875  ;  Republican 
candidate  for  mayor 
in    the    same   year; 
member  of  the  lower 
House  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts   Legislature 
from    1883    to    1885 
inclusive.      In     the 
House    he    was    a 
member  of  the  Rail- 
road Committee  dur- 
ing  his   entire  term, 
and  House  chairman 
during   the  last   two 
years.     In  this  capa- 
city  he    was    instru- 
mental in  securing  a 
large  amount  of  legis- 
lation   calculated    to 
improve  the  railroad 
senice  in  this  State, 
notably  pro\isions 
for  the  change   of 
railroad  crossings, 
safety     couplers     on 
freight   cars,   regula- 
t  i  o  n  s   against    dis- 
crimination in  freight 
rates,  and   for  improvement  in  signals  and  precautions 
enforced  against  color  blindness, — all  matters  involving 
exhaustive   e.xamination  and  sound  judgment.     He  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1887  and  1888,  and  was 
l)resident  of  that  body   both  years.      Mr.    Boardman's 
influence  upon  the  railroad  legislation  of  Massachusetts 
has  probably  been  as  great  and  far-reaching  as  that  of 
any    other   man.      He    was    married    in    1862    to   Miss 
Georgia  M.  Hinman,  of  Boston.    They  have  two  daughters. 


BOSTON. 


125 


JOHN  M.  GRAHAM,  president  of  the  International 
Trust  Company,  was  born  June  25,  1843,  of  Scotch 
parents,  coming  with  them  to  this  country  when  he  was 
ten  years  of  age.     From  a  long  line  of  pure  Scotch  an- 
cestry he  inherited  those  strong  traits  of  character  that 
have  enabled  him  to  win  a  conspicuous    place  among 
American    financiers.     He  was  educated  in  the  Fitch- 
burg,  Mass.,  public  schools,  and  in  i860  was  appointed 
librarian  of   the  Fitchburg  Public  Library,  at  the  same 
time    beginning    the 
study    of    law.      He 
gave  so   good  satis- 
faction   as    assistant 
librarian  that  in  1861 
he    was    elected    as 
chief    librarian   over 
his   former    superior 
and    competitor,   re- 
ceiving a  unanimous 
re-election    in    1862 
and   again   in    1863, 
when  he  resigned  to 
accept  a  position  in 
the    Rollstone    Bank 
of     Fitchburg.      He 
continued    the  study 
of  law,  expecting   to 
be   admitted   to    the 
bar  when  he  became 
of   age,    but    the  at- 
tractions of  banking 
proved     too     strong, 
and  he    relinquished 
all  thoughts  of  a  legal 
career.    As  assistant 
cashier  and  as  cashier 
he  remained  with  the 
bank  —  which  mean- 
while had  become  a 
national    bank  — 

until  1 88 1,  when  he  resigned  to  take  up  the  business  of 
the  negotiation  of  municipal  bonds  and  loans  and  com- 
mercial paper  in  Boston.  In  this  he  was  very  success- 
ful, his  faculty  of  investigation  making  him  a  good  judge 
of  credit,  and  he  always  refused  to  negotiate  any  loan 
the  quality  of  which  was  the  least  in  doubt.  In  1881 
he  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  the  International 
Trust  Company,  which  had  been  chartered  and  begun 
business  in   1879,  but  had  not  been  eminently  success- 


JOHN    M.    GRAHAM. 


ful.  Its  capital  stock  was  ^300,000,  selling  on  the 
market  at  eighty  cents  on  the  dollar,  the  deposits 
amounting  to  about  $500,000.  After  an  investigation, 
Mr.  Graham  became  satisfied  that  with  good  manage- 
ment the  company  could  be  made  a  success,  and  there- 
fore, on  March  i,  1882,  he  accepted  its  presidency. 
Putting  his  characteristic  energy,  industry  and  perse- 
verance into  the  work,  and  surrounding  himself  with  an 
able  and  conservative  board  of  directors,  the  company 

soon  entered  upon  a 
career  of  unexampled 
prosperity.  To-day 
the  company,  under 
his  m  a  n  a  g  e  m  e  n  t, 
with  its  capital  of 
$1,000,000,  its  sur- 
plus (reserved  earn- 
ings) of  $700,000, 
other  undivided  prof- 
its of  $242,000,  with 
^^  deposits  of  nearly 

^f^f"-   ^V  $6,000,000,  and  trust 

-^^^      ^B  deposits     of     over 

$1,000,000,  stands 
second  to  no  other 
financial  institution 
in  the  city  in  the 
character  of  its  offi- 
cers and  directors, 
its  conservative  man- 
agement, financial 
standing  and  public 
esteem.  The  com- 
pany is  also  the  only 
trust  or  safe  deposit 
company  in  the  city 
owning  its  own  busi- 
ness quarters,  which 
in  this  case  is  not 
only  the  most  beau- 
tiful ofifice  building  in  Boston,  but  is,  at  the  same  time, 
a  credit  to  the  broad,  liberal  and  far-seeing  management 
of  the  company,  and  a  monument  to  its  president,  who 
by  his  ability,  energy  and  perseverance,  has  contributed 
so  much  to  its  remarkable  success.  Although  with  an 
experience  of  over  a  quarter  of  a  century  in  the  pro- 
fession of  banking,  Mr.  Graham  is  still  a  young  man, 
older  than  he  looks,  but  with  excellent  health  and  a 
great  capacity  for  work. 


126 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CONSPICUOUS  among  the  men  of  foreign  birth 
who  have  helped  to  maintain  the  high  standing 
of  Massachusetts  in  the  commercial  and  manufacturing 
world  is  Robert  Bleakie,  who  was  born  in  Rutherglen, 


Scotland,  Aug.  i,  183 


At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  ac- 


companied his  father  to  Amesbury,  Mass.,  where  the 
latter  had  been  engaged  by  the  .Amesbury  Manufacturing 
Company  to  start  for  them  the  making  of  fancy  cassi- 
meres.  Young  Bleakie  had  already  gone  through  the 
training  of  bobbin 
winding  and  power- 
loom  weaving,  and 
had  served  an 
apprenticeship  as  a 
hand -loom  weaver, 
so  he,  too,  went  to 
work  in  .'Amesbury 
on  the  power  looms. 
He  remained  here 
four  years,  and 
in  1852  went  to 
Providence,  R.  I., 
where  he  found  em- 
ployment at  $1.08  a 
tlay  in  the  El  m 
.Street  Mill.  In  1858 
John  W.  Stitt  &  Co., 
of  New  York,  en- 
gaged him  to  take 
charge  of  their  fac- 
tories at  Franklin, 
N.  J.,  where  he  was 
highly  successful  in 
l»is  relations  with 
both  employers  and 
employees.  In  i860 
he  hired  a  cotton 
batting  mill  at  Tol- 
land, Conn.,  and 
fitted  it  up  as  a  one- 
set  woollen  mill,  starting  thus  in  business  for  himself. 
The  venture  proved  to  be  very  successful,  and  flattering 
offers  were  made  to  induce  Mr.  Bleakie  to  return  to 
Rhode  Island.  The  negotiations  were  abandoned,  how- 
ever, and  Mr.  Bleakie  went  to  Hyde  Park,  Mass.,  where 
he  assumed  the  management  of  the  Hyde  Park  Woollen 
Company's  mill.  He  retained  this  jwsition  until  1873, 
when  the  mill  was  destroyed  by  fire.  During  the  next 
two   years    Mr.  Bleakie    visited    and    inspected  a  large 


ROBERT    BLEAKIE 


number  of  mills  throughout  New  England  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  an  expert.  The  foundation  of  the  present  firm 
of  Robert  Bleakie  &  Co.  was  laid  in  1875,  when  Robert 
Bleakie,  John  S.  Bleakie,  and  C.  F.  Allen  purchased  the 
Webster  Mill  at  Sabattus,  Me.,  and  afterwards  acquired 
the  .Amesbury  mills.  In  1878  the  firm  bought  and  en- 
larged the  Hyde  Park  Woollen  Company's  property. 
No  woollen  manufacturing  firm  in  the  United  States 
stands  higher  in  the  market  than  Robert  Bleakie  &  Co. 

Though  for  years  en- 
grossed in  the  cares 
of  a  large  manufac- 
turing business,  Mr. 
Bleakie  has  always 
taken  a  lively  inter- 
est in  the  laws  that 
govern  trade,  and 
has  made  for  himself 
a  reputation  as  an 
original  and  vigorous 
thinker  on  the  tariff 
question,  to  which 
he  has  given  much 
attention.  He  is  an 
advocate  of  tariff  re- 
duction and  of  free 
raw  materials.  His 
published  letters  on 
this  subject  in  1888 
and  in  subsequent 
years  have  done 
much  toward  cliang- 
ing  the  sentiment  of 
New  England  manu- 
facturers on  the  tariff 
question.  Mr. 
Bleakie  has  fre- 
quently been  hon- 
ored with  offices  of 
trust  by  his  fellow- 
citizens.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Hyde  Park  Board  of 
Selectmen,  president  of  the  Hyde  Park  Savings  Bank, 
and  of  the  Hyde  Park  Water  Company,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Tariff  Reform  League. 
He  has  also  been  an  executive  officer  of  the  Woollen 
Goods  Association  of  New  York  City.  In  i860  Mr. 
Bleakie  married  Miss  Isabella  Henderson,  who  died  in 
1880,  leaving  him  three  children.  In  1882  he  married 
Miss  Mary  .A.  Wetherell,  by  whom  he  has  one  son. 


BOSTON. 


127 


AMI''>RICAN  machinery  leads  the  world.     The  Amer- 
ican machinist  is   conseciuently    the    first  in   his 
class.   A  man  of  the  times  is  Benjamin  Franklin  Radford. 
He  is  a  machinist  of  the  best  school.     When,  in   1872, 
the    American  Tool   and   Machine  Company   found    it 
necessary  to  remove  from  Woburn  and  erect  in  Hyde 
Park   a    new   and    enlarged    foundry   department,    Mr. 
Radford   had  been  connected  with  the  corporation  for 
eight  years.     No  better  illustration  of  the  value  of  hav- 
ing such  a  man  at  the 
helm   can   be    given 
than  the  fact  that  the 
first    year   in    Hyde 
Park    the    company 
employed  but  twenty- 
four  men,  while   to- 
day it  gives  employ- 
ment   to   about    two 
hundred  antl  seventy- 
fi\  e    men    at    Hyde 
Park,  in  addition  to 
one    hundred    and 
twenty-five     at     its 
Boston    shop.      The 
weekly     pay-roll,    in 
Hyde  Park  alone,  is 
about  three  thousand 
dollars.      Handsome 
buildings   have  been 
erected  for  the  vari- 
ous   departments  o  f 
the  company's  works. 
This   business,  turn- 
ing  out    implements 
of  world-wide    fame, 
has    been    built    up 
with  Mr.  Radford  in 
charge    of   its    desti- 
nies, first,    as  super- 
intendent  of    con- 
struction, and  now  as  jiresident   and  general  manager. 
Benjamin  Franklin,  son  of  Daniel  and  Dorcas  (Barton) 
Radford,  was  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  Oct.  11,  1S27.     x-\t 
the  age  of  twelve  he  was  placed  with  a  farmer  in  East 
Limington,  Me.,  to  serve  until  he  became  of  age,  but  in 
1842  he  was  released  from  this  obligation,  and  began  to 
learn  his  trade  as  a  machinist  in  Manchester,  N.  H., 
being  then  fifteen  years  old.     In  1846  he  removed  to 
Gloucester,  N.  J.,  and,  still  in  his  teens,  became  a  con- 


BENJAMIN     F.    RADFORD, 


tractor  for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  machinery,  employ- 
ing from  twenty  to  fifty  men.  From  1850  to  1857,  Mr. 
Radford  was  employed  in  and  about  Boston,  part  of  the 
time  as  suiierintendent  for  Howard  &  Davis,  manufac- 
turers of  clocks  and  sewing  machines.  In  1858  he 
entered  the  firm  of  George  H.  Fo.\  &:  Co.,  of  Kingston 
Street,  Boston.  In  1864  this  firm  transferred  its  busi- 
ness to  the  newly  organized  American  Tool  and  Machine 
Company,  which  corporation   Mr.  Radford  has  steadily 

steered  into  the  wa- 
ters of  prosperity.  Mr. 
Radford  is  a  potent 
factor  in  the  social, 
political,  and  indus- 
trial interests  of 
Hyde  Park.  Besides 
being  one  of  the  as- 
sociate incorporators 
of  the  Hyde  Park 
Sa\ings  Bank  when 
it  was  organized  in 
1 87 1,  Mr.  Radford 
was  one  of  its  vice- 
presidents  from  1 87 1 
to  1874,  and  again 
from  1888  to  the 
present  time.  He 
also  served  as  trustee 
and  member  of  the 
Board  of  Investment 
from  1880  to  1887. 
He  was  an  incorpo- 
rator of  the  Hyde 
Park  \\'ater  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  is 
a  director  ;  was  pres- 
ident of  the  Waverly 
Club  from  its  incep- 
tion to  1890  ;  is  a 
member  of  Hyde 
Park  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  and  has  been  one  of  the  vice- 
l>residents  of  the  Hyde  Park  Historical  Society  since  its 
formation.  He  is  a  man  of  robust  temperament,  strong 
and  sturdy.  \\'ith  a  frank  and  jileasant  manner,  he  is 
popular  among  his  townsmen  and  business  associates, 
and  his  force  of  character  has  made  him  a  natural  leader. 
In  religion  Mr.  Radford  is  a  Methodist.  In  politics 
he  is  independent.  Mr.  Radford  is  happily  married, 
and  his  marriage  has  been  blessed  with  children. 


128 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


ALANSON  WILDER  BEARD,  collector  of  the  port 
of  Boston,  was  born  in  Ludlow,  Vt.,  on  Aug.  20, 
1825,  being  the  son  of  James  and  Chloe  Bartlett  (Wilder) 
Beard.  In  1835  Mr.  Beard's  parents  removed  to  Stock- 
bridge,  and  there  he  was  bred  as  a  farmer's  son.  At 
home  and  in  the  public  schools  he  gained  his  education, 
and  from  the  age  of  seventeen  to  twenty-one  he  taught 
in  the  public  and  private  schools.  In  the  spring  of 
1847  he  made  his  first  business  venture,  becoming  pro- 
prietor of  the  "  gen- 
eral store  "  at  Pitts- 
field,    Vt.     In  April, 

1853,  he  sold  his 
interest  in  this  and 
removed  to  Boston, 
where  he  entered  the 
wholesale  clothing 
business  in  Septem- 
ber, as  a  salesman  for 
Whiting,  Kehoe  & 
Gal  loupe.  In  the 
spring  of  1856  he 
went  into  business 
for  h  i  m  s  e  1  f,  as  a 
wholesale  clothing 
dealer,  and  continued 
in  the  trade  until 
1879.  He  is  still 
connected  with  the 
clothing  business, 
having  a  store  in 
Lowell.  Mr.  Beard 
early  took  an  interest 
in  public  affairs,  a 
goodly  part  of  his 
life  has  been  devoted 
to  public  service,  and 
he  has  been  signally 
honored,  politically. 
While   resident    in 

Pittsfield,  Vt.,  he  held  several  local  offices  from  1847 
to  1853,  and  was  postmaster  of  that  place  from   1848  to 

1854.  In  1864  he  was  made  a  member  of  the  Republi- 
can State  Central  Committee  of  Massachusetts,  and  suc- 
ceeded himself  in  1865,  1866,  1883  and  1884.  In  1875, 
1876  and  1885  he  was  chairman  of  that  committee.  In 
1870  and  1871  he  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives from  Brookline,  and  from  Boston  in  1884  and 
1885.     In  1870  he  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  of 


ALANSON    WILDER    BEARD, 


Mercantile  Affairs;  in  1871,  on  prisons;  in  1884,  on 
taxation,  and  in  1885  on  finance.  In  all  these  four 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  last-named  committee. 
In  187 1  Mr.  Beard  started  an  agitation  for  the  exemp- 
tion of  mortgage  notes  from  taxation,  and  this  he  kept 
up  persistently  until,  in  1881,  the  law  of  exemption  was 
passed,  and  much  of  the  credit  for  this  valuable  public 
measure  is  due  to  him.  Mr.  Beard  was  a  delegate  to 
the'National  Republican  Convention  at  Chicago  in  1868 

and  again  in  1888, 
being  in  the  latter 
year  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Reso- 
lutions, and  one  of 
the  sub-committee  to 
draft  the  same.  In 
1878  he  was  ap- 
pointed collector  of 
the  port  of  Boston 
and  served  as  such 
four  years.  In  1885 
he  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  Com- 
monwealth, a  n  d  re- 
elected in  1886  and 
1887,  when  he  de- 
clined a  re-nomina- 
tion. In  1890  he 
was  again  made  col- 
lector of  the  port  by 
President  Harrison. 
In  the  councils  of 
the  Reiiulilican 
l)arty  M  r.  Beard 
stands  very  high,  and 
his  integrity  is  frankly 
acknowledged  by  his 
political  opponents. 
He  is  a  most  effective 
speaker  on  political 
subjects,  and  for  many  years  has  taken  an  active  jiart  in 
every  political  campaign  in  Massachusetts,  his  speeches 
on  the  stump  and  at  \arious  gatherings  of  his  party  being 
remarkable  for  their  clearness,  vigor,  and  aggressiveness. 
He  is  a  thorough  Republican  of  the  "  old  school."  Mr. 
Beard  was  married  in  1848  to  Mary  Calista,  daughter  of 
Harvey  and  Sophia  (Roberts)  Morgan.  James  Wallace 
(deceased),  Amherst  Wilder  (deceased),  and  Charles 
Freeland  Beard  were  the  children  of  this  union. 


BOSTON. 


129 


IN  most  essential  respects  the  Boston  yoiirna/  is  an 
ideal  newspaper,  combining  as  it  does  reliability 
with  enterprise  and  brilliancy.  The  influence  which  it 
wields  to-day  in  New  England  is  largely  due  to  the 
ability  of  its  general  manager,  Stephen  O'Meara,  who 
has  done  much  to  improve  its  various  departments, 
introduced  new  machinery  and  methods,  changed  the 
old-fashioned  folio  to  a  modern  (juarto,  greatly  enlarged 
its  resources,  and  materially  increased  its  circulation. 
Mr.  O '  M  e  a  r  a  was 
born  in  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  July  26,  1854, 
and  came  to  Boston 
with  his  parents  when 
he  was  ten  years  of 
age.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Harvard 
Grammar  School  and 
at  the  Charlestown 
High  School,  from 
which  he  graduated 
with  honors.  His 
regular  newspaper 
career  began  the  day 
after  he  left  school, 
for  he  was  at  once 
engaged  as  Charles- 
town  reporter  for  the 
Boston  Globe,  a  few 
months  later  becom- 
ing a  member  of  the 
reportorial  staff.  He 
remained  on  the 
Globe  until  Decem- 
ber, 1874,  when  he 
resigned  to  accept  a 
position  as  shorthand 
reporter  on  the  Bos- 
ton    'jfournal.     H  i  s 

work  as  political  reporter  gained  for  him  a  substantial 
reputation,  and  in  May,  1879,  he  was  promoted  to  the 
position  of  city  editor.  In  1881,  after  the  death  of 
Managing  Editor  Stockwell,  Mr.  O'Meara  was  advanced 
to  the  post  of  news  editor,  a  position  which  gave  him 
the  immediate  direction  of  all  reporters  and  correspond- 
ents, and  the  supervision  of  the  work  of  all  persons 
engaged  in  the  collection  and  handling  of  news  for  the 
Journal.     He  filled  this  position  for  ten  years,  and  on 


STEPHEN    O'MEARA 


July  I,  1 89 1,  became  general  manager  of  the  paper, 
when  failing  health  necessitated  the  resignation  of  the 
late  Colonel  W.  W.  Clapp.  Mr.  O'Meara  was  for  two 
years  president  of  the  Charlestown  High  School  Associa- 
tion, and  in  1885  he  was  the  orator  of  that  organization 
at  its  annual  reunion.  He  was  the  first  instructor  in 
phonography  in  the  Boston  Evening  High  School,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  with  marked  success  for  four 
years.     He  has  been  auditor  and  is  now  treasurer  and 

a  member  of  the 
executive  committee 
of  the  New  England 
Associated  Press. 
His  interest  in  jour- 
nalism and  his  popu- 
larity among  news- 
pa  ]>  e  r  men  are 
evidenced  by  the 
fact  that  within  a 
few  months  after  the 
organization  of  the 
Boston  Press  Club 
he  was  elected  its 
president,  in  which 
position  he  remained 
for  three  years.  He 
is  at  present  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of 
the  Boston  Daily 
Newspaper  Associa- 
tion, which  is  com- 
posed of  the  man- 
agers of  the  Boston 
daily  papers.  M  r  . 
O'Meara  is  a  trustee 
of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Library  by  ap- 
pointment of  Gov- 
ernor Brackett.  He 
has  been  a  member 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Republican  Club  of 
Massachusetts,  and  served  as  member-at-large  of  the 
Committee  on  Resolutions  at  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention of  1 89 1.  In  1888,  the  honorary  degree  of 
master  of  arts  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Dartmouth 
College.  Mr.  O'Meara  was  married,  in  1878,  to  Miss 
Isabella  M.  Squire,  of  Charlestown,  where  he  now  resides 
with  his  family  of  three  children.  His  brother  is  Henry 
O'Meara,  the  ])oet  and  jfiuriialist. 


130 


MASSACHUSRTTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE   city    of    Boston  is    recognized  distinctly    as   a 
musical,  as  well  as  an  art  and  educational  centre, 
and  it  is  there  that  the  science  of  manufacturing  musi- 
cal instruments  of  the  highest  standard  and  most  subtile 
mechanical  nicety  has  reached  its  greatest  development. 
The  man  whose  skill    evolves  a  perfect  musical  instru- 
ment deserves  proper  recognition  from  the  peo|)le  of  his 
day  and  generation.     Henry  F.  Miller  was  one  of  the 
early  manufacturers  of  pianofortes  in  Boston.     He  was 
born  in    Providence, 
R.  I.,  Sept.  4,  1825, 
and  was  the   son   of 
Edward  F.  and  Char- 
lotte Hitchcock  Mil- 
ler.    In  his  youth  he 
received    a   superior 
general  education, 
but   it   was,   without 
doubt,    his    es])ecial 
fondness    for    music 
that   determined  his 
subsequent  career. 
His  first  business  oc- 
cupation was  that  of 
]:)ractical  watchmaker 
in  his  father's  estab- 
lishment in  Provi- 
dence,    where      h  i  s 
inventive  genius  and 
skill  as  a  fine  mech- 
anician    won     h  i  m 
much     local    reputa- 
tion.      He    married 
Frances  Virginia, 
daughter  of  Captain 
George   C  h  i  1  d  ,  o  f 
Providence,    R.      I., 
and  had  seven  chil- 
dren, five    sons   and 
two    daughters.      In 

1863  Mr.  Miller  established  a  pianoforte  manufactory 
in  Boston,  after  having  had,  for  many  years  previously, 
a  large  experience  with  some  of  the  piano  makers  of 
that  city.  From  the  outset  he  determined  to  build  in- 
struments of  the  highest  grade  only,  whose  merits  would 
secure  recognition  from  the  musical  world.  The  beau- 
tiful quality  of  tone  produced  in  the  pianos  he  manu- 
factured instantly  commanded  the  admiration  and 
patronage  of   many  [irominent  musicians,  and  his  busi- 


HENRY    F.    MILLER 


ness  hail  a  permanent  and  steady  growth,  'lo-dav  the 
reputation  of  these  instruments  is  identified  with  con- 
certs of  the  highest  grade  everywhere,  being  especially 
conspicuous  in  the  orchestral  concerts  which  are  receiv- 
ing such  marked  attention  in  the  larger  cities  of  the 
country.  In  Boston  the  warerooms  are  in  the  handsome 
building  at  No.  156  Tremont  Street,  and  there  are 
branch  establishments  in  Philadelphia  and  Cincinnati. 
The  manufactory   is   at   Wakefield,  Mass.,  a   suburb  of 

Boston,  where  the 
plant  covers  over  an 
acre  of  ground,  and 
contains  every  facil- 
ity for  the  finest 
work.  The  business 
has  steadily  ])  r  o  s  - 
pered,  and  for  a  long 
time  the  house  has 
been  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading 
establishments  in  its 
line  of  business.  Mr. 
Miller,  soon  after 
starting  his  business, 
was  joined  from  time 
to  time  by  his  five 
sons,  as  they  came 
from  school  and  col- 
lege ;  the  younger 
sons  are  graduates  of 
the  Massach  u  s  e  1 1  s 
Institute  of  Technol- 
ogy, where  they  com- 
pleted the  full  course 
with  credit.  The  sons 
have  a  1 1  been  thor- 
oughly trained  in  the 
making  of  piano- 
fortes,  and,  together 
with  Mr.  Joseph  H. 
Gibson,  who  was  associated  with  Mr.  Miller  from  the 
start,  have  present  charge  of  the  business.  Mr.  Miller 
died  in  1884,  when  the  business  was  reorganized  under 
the  corporate  name  of  the  Henry  F.  Miller  &  Sons  Piano 
Company,  whose  officers  are  as  follows :  president, 
Henry  F.  Miller;  treasurer,  James  C.  Miller;  clerk, 
William  T.  Miller  ;  superintendent,  Joseph  H.  Gibson  ; 
assistant  superinten.lent,  Edwin  C.  Miller ;  directors, 
H.  F.  Miller,  J.  H.  Gibson,  W.  H.  Miller,  J.  C.  Miller. 


BOSTON. 


I. 3  I 


EUGENE  TOMPKINS,  manager  and  sole  owner  of 
the  Boston  Theatre,  and  manager  and  half  owner 
of  the  Academy  of  Music  in  New  York,  comes  to  his 
position   by  right  of   natural    ability  and    by  virtue    of 
inheritance.     He  was  born  in  Boston,  Sept.  28,   1850, 
and  was  educated  at  the  Chauncy  Hall  School.     Gradu- 
ating with  high  honors,  he  engaged  for  a  short   time  in 
mercantile  ])ursuits,  which  he  soon  reliniiuished  to  enter 
upon  a   managerial    career   under   his    father,  who  had 
been  for  many  years 
at   the    head  of    the 
Boston  Theatre.     In 
1877    he    made    his 
first    important  ven- 
ture.     While    on    a 
visit    to    Europe    he 
saw    "The    Exiles," 
and    secured    the 
American    rights    to 
the    play   from    Sar- 
dou.     It  was  brought 
out    at    the    Boston 
Theatre     under    his 
direction,  was  a  pro- 
nounced   success, 
and  gave  him  at  once 
repute    as    a    young 
man  of  excellent 
judgment.     In    1878 
Mr.  Tompkins  began 
his  active  connection 
with    the    Boston 
Theatre,    and    from 
that  time  his  mana- 
gerial   record    has 
been      distinguished 
by  some  of  the  great- 
est   successes    that 
the   American    stage 
has    k  n  o  w  n  .     The 

noted  Boston  Theatre  productions  that  have  been 
brought  out  by  him  have  excelled  in  brilliancy  and 
effectiveness  of  stage  i)resentation,  and  in  artistic  and 
financial  success,  anything  of  the  kind  ]jroduced  else- 
where during  this  period.  The  list  includes  "The  Sou- 
dan," which  had  the  phenomenal  run  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty-nine  nights  in  Boston.  The  magnificence 
with  which  he  invested  "The  Black  Crook,"  in  1892,  at 
the  New  York  .\cademy  of  Music,  is  the  talk  of  the  pro- 


fession. Probably  no  manager  of  Mr.  Tompkins's  years 
carries  at  the  present  time  such  varied  and  important 
interests,  and  manages  them  so  successfully.  His  busi- 
ness methods  are  direct  and  straightforward,  and  he 
enjoys  the  confidence  of  all  who  come  in  contact  with 
him.  He  is  of  an  unassuming  disposition,  and  accom- 
plishes his  pur])oses  in  the  least  aggressive  manner, 
although  decided  and  outspoken.  His  fealty  to  the 
public  is  recognized  liy  his  patrons  generally,  with  the 

result  that   the   Bos- 
ton Theatre  has  en- 
joyed    the     counte- 
nance   and    support 
of    the    best    people 
in    the     comminiity. 
This  feeling  was  es- 
pecially shown  when, 
in  May,  1882,  he  was 
tendered    a  testimo- 
nial,   in     which     the 
mayor    of    the    city, 
the  governor  of  the 
commonwealth,     ex- 
mayors,     ex-gover- 
nors, and    the    most 
prominent  people  in 
Boston    united    in 
cordial     commenda- 
tion of  his  efforts  to 
serve    the    public. 
Mr.  Tomjikins  is  an 
agreeable  companion 
among    those    who 
know  him   well,  is  a 
member   of    leading 
clubs    of     H  O.St  on 
and   New  York,  and 
personally  is  a  man 
of    great   popularity. 
He   does    not    make 
friends  rashly,  but  his  friendship  is  staunch    and    true, 
and    his   intercourse  with  business  or  social  acquaint- 
ances is  distinguished  by  frankness,  sincerity   and  cour- 
tesy.    It  is  abundant  evidence  of  his  rare  good  qualities 
of  character  that  those  who  come  in  contact  with  him 
socially  or  in  business  are  his  most  enthusiastic  admir- 
ers.    He  holds  his  friends,  who  are  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  the  dramatic  profession,  strongly  and  closely  by 
the  firmest  bonds  of  loyalty. 


EUGENE   TOMPKINS. 


132 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


..g^- 


MORE    than   half   a  century  of   an  honorable   and 
properous  business  career,  that  is  still  pursued 
in   the  place  where  it  began,  —  that   is  the  record   of 
Theodore   Metcalf.     His    name   is   almost  synonymous 
with  the  pharmaceutical  trade  of   Boston,  and    he  has 
made  it  stand  for  reliability  and  honesty.     Mr.  Metcalf 
was  born  in  Dedham,  Mass.,  Jan.  21,  1812.     He  comes 
of    old     colonial    stock,    his    ancestors    having    come 
from  England  and  settled  in  Dedham  in  1634,  fourteen 
years  after  the  land- 
ing of   the  Pilgrims. 
In  1826,  at  the  age 
of   f  o  u  r  t  e  e  n ,  M  r . 
Metcalf     went     to 
Hartford,      Conn., 
and    served    his   ap- 
prenticeship as  drug- 
gist's clerk.     He  re- 
mained there    ten 
years,   and    in    1837 
came    to    Boston, 
where    he  started  in 
business   for  himself 
at   No.    39  Tremont 
Street.      Here     he 
has    continued    ever 
since.     A    branch 
house  was  established 
later,   on    the     Back 
Bay,    at    the    corner 
of  Boylston  and  Clar- 
endon  streets.     The 
fiftieth      anniversary 
of   Mr.    Metcalf's 
business  life  in  Bos- 
ton   was    celebrated 
March    29,    1887, 
with    a    complimen- 
tary dinner  tendered 
to  him  at  the  Revere 

House  by  about  one  hundred  of  the  leading  men  of 
Boston,  including  members  of  the  Druggists'  Associa- 
tion, his  Honor  Mayor  O'Brien,  Dr.  Oliver  Wendell 
Holmes,  William  Warren,  the  actor.  Dr.  Thomas  L. 
Jenks,  and  others.  There  were  also  present  many 
prominent  druggists  from  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and 
other  cities.  The  Autocrat  helped  to  make  the  occa- 
sion memorable  by  one  of  his  characteristically  witty 
speeches,  giving  many  reminiscences  of  the  days  when 


-^ 


THEODORE    METCALF, 


he  was  a  medical  practitioner,  and  when  Mr.  Metcalf 
filled  his  prescriptions.  Governor  Ames  and  other  dis- 
tinguished officials,  who  were  unable  to  be  present,  sent 
letters  of  regret,  testifying  to  their  appreciation  of  Mr. 
Metcalf's  sterling  character,  and  his  long  and  honorable 
career.  Mr.  Metcalf  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Druggists'  Association,  and  was  its  first  president.  He 
is  still  an  active  member  of  that  body  and  of  most  of  the 
other  pharmaceutical  organizations.     His  interests  have 

not    by    any    means 
been  wholly  confined 
to    his    private  busi- 
ness, for   he    is  one 
of     Boston's    most 
public-spirited     citi- 
zens.     Mr.     Metcalf 
has  been  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  State 
Charities    of    Massa- 
chusetts,   and     for 
nine   years  was    one 
of     the    trustees    of 
the  Boston  City  Hos- 
pital, no  emoluments 
or  remuneration  ac- 
companying   e  it  h  e  r 
position.     I  n  t  h  e 
latter    capacity    h  i  s 
wise    counsels    were 
of    great   value    to 
that    institution. 
Political  honors  have 
frequently  V)  e  e  n 
offered  to  Mr.  Met- 
calf, but    he   has 
always  declined 
them.     With  the  ex- 
ception of  two  years 
and  a  half  which  he 
spent   in  Europe  for 
rest  and  recreation,  and  a  brief  period  when  he  was  en- 
gaged   in   the  manufacture    of   chemicals,  Mr.   Metcalf 
has  been    continuously  in  business  at  No.  39  Tremont 
Street    since    March,   1837.     This    is    a    record    which 
is   almost   if   not   quite   without   a   parallel   in    Boston 
business  life.     He  was  married  in  1864  to  the  daughter 
of    Mr.  E.  D.  Sohier,   of   Boston.     Five    children,    the 
youngest  of   whom  is  a  son,  have  been  added  to  the 
family. 


BOSTON. 


133 


STATESMAN,  lawyer,  and  publicist,  the  bare  facts  of 
the  career  of  Charles  Theodore  Russell  would 
require  more  space  for  their  recital  than  is  here  possible. 
He  is  the  son  of  the  Hon.  Charles  and  Persis  Hastings 
Russell,  and  was  born  in  Princeton,  Mass.,  Nov.  20, 
1 81 5.  His  father  was  for  many  years  a  leading  citizen 
of  that  town,  and  his  mother,  who  was  a  descendant  in 
a  direct  line  of  a  younger  brother  of  the  Earl  of  Hunting- 
ton, was  remarkable  for  her  attainments  and  worth. 
The  family  is  de- 
scended from  Puritan 
emigrants  who  came 
to  Boston  about  the 
year  1640.  Charles 
Theodore  was  pre- 
pared for  college 
partly  at  the  small 
academy  in  Prince- 
ton, and  partly  under 
the  instruction  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Cowles. 
At  a  personal  sacri- 
fice on  the  part  of 
both  parents,  he  and 
his  brother  were 
enabled  to  go  through 
Har\ard  University. 
He  took  high  rank  in 
his  class,  and  upon 
graduation  delivered 
the  Latin  salutatory, 
anil  the  valedictory 
oration  when  he  re- 
ceived his  master's 
degree.  After  leav- 
ing college,  Mr.  Rus- 
sell read  law  in  the 
office  of  Henry  H. 
Fuller.  He  subse- 
quently entered    the 

Harvard  Law  School,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1839.  He  practised  law  with  Mr.  Fuller  as  partner  for 
two  years,  and  then  opened  an  office  for  himself ;  and 
in  1845  he  and  his  brother  formed  the  firm  of  C.  T.  &: 
T.  H.  Russell,  which  still  exists.  In  addition  to  the 
original  partners,  the  firm  now  includes  Mr.  Russell's 
two  sons,  Charles  T.,  Jr.,  and  William  V..,  and  his 
nephew,  Arthur  H.  Up  to  1855,  Mr.  Russell  lived  in 
Boston,  and  then  remo\ed  to  Cambridge,  where  he  now 


CHARLES   THEODORE    RUSSELL 


resides.  He  is  deeply  interested  in  politics,  and  in 
economic  and  historical  matters.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  from  Boston  in  1844, 
1845,  and  1850,  of  the  Senate  from  Suffolk  County  in 
185 1  and  1852,  and  from  the  county  of  Middlesex 
in  1877  and  1878.  He  was  mayor  of  Cambridge  in  1861 
and  1862.  He  has  been  a  professor  in  the  Law  School 
of  Boston  L^niversity  from  its  foundation.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  leading  member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors 

of  the  Theological 
Institution  at  An- 
dover,  as  well  as  its 
secretary.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  ;  of  the 
American  Oriental 
Society ;  of  the  Bos- 
ton  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associa- 
tion, of  which  he  was 
second  president ;  of 
the  Society  for  Pro- 
moting Theological 
Education  among 
the  Indians ;  of  the 
.American  College 
and  Educational  So- 
ciety ;  president  of 
the  Board  of  Minis- 
terial Aid,  and  has 
been  president  of  the 
Congregational  Club. 
Mr.  Russell  has  deliv- 
ered many  orations, 
including  the  oralion 
upon  the  Fourth  of 
July  in  Boston  in 
1851,  and  is  an  ad- 
vocate of  remarkable 
attainments.  On  June  i,  1840,  Mr.  Russell  married 
Sarah  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Joseph  Ballister,  a 
Boston  merchant.  Ten  children  are  the  result  of  this 
marriage,  six  daughters  and  four  sons.  Of  the  sons, 
Charles  T.,  Jr.,  and  \Villiam  E.  are  members  of  the  law 
firm,  and  William  V..  Russell,  the  youngest  son,  is  the 
present  governor  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Russell  pre- 
sided o\er  the  Democratic  State  Convention  in  1892 
which  nominated  his  son  for  governor. 


134 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


LEOPOLD  MORSE  was  born  in  Wachenheim,  Rhe- 
nish Palatinate,  Bavaria,  in  August,  1831.  At  the 
age  of  seventeen  he  came  alone  to  America  in  a  sailing 
vessel  to  join  an  elder  brother  who  was  in  business  in 
New  Hampshire.  Coming  to  Boston  in  1849,  he  found 
employment  in  a  store  on  Milk  Street  as  errand  boy,  at 
$2.50  a  week.  Soon  after,  he  went  to  work  for  Henry 
Herman,  a  clothing  dealer,  who  encouraged  young  Leo- 
pold and  his  brother  to  open  a  clothing  store  in  New 
Bedford.  The  Morse 
brothers  returned  to 
Boston  aftei   a  time,  '-•-•■sin- 

however,  and  bought 
out  Mr.  Herman's 
business.  Prosperity 
followed,  and  M  r . 
Morse  sent  to  Ger- 
many for  his  mother, 
three  sisters,  and 
four  brothers.  After 
the  death  of  the 
older  brother,  the 
responsibility  of  sup- 
porting his  mother 
and  sisters  and  edu- 
cating his  youngest 
brother  fell  upon 
Leo]3old  Morse — a 
task  that  wa:?  accom- 
plished most  nobly 
and  well.  Mr.  Morse 
successively  trans- 
ferred his  business 
from  North  to  Milk 
Street,  and  thence  to 
Dock  Square,  and 
finally,  purchasing 
the  Brattle  Square 
Church  property,  he 
built    upon    the    site 

the  substantial  block  at  the  corner  of  Washington  and 
Brattle  streets,  where  the  business  is  now  located.  Mr. 
Morse's  political  career  is  without  a  parallel  in  New 
England  public  affairs.  Without  having  served  the 
usual  political  apprenticeship  in  the  city  government 
and  State  Legislature,  he  was  nominated  for  Congress 
by  the  Democrats  of  the  old  fourth  district  in  1872.  In 
that  year  and  in  1874,  when  he  was  again  the  candidate, 
he  was    defeated,  as    the   district    was   overwhelmingly 


Republican.  In  1876,  however,  he  was  elected  by 
twelve  hundretl  majority.  After  a  successful  term  in 
Congress,  during  which  he  attracted  attention  by  his 
independent  course  in  legislation,  he  was  re-elected  by 
a  largely  increased  majority  in  1878.  Three  more 
re-elections  followed.  During  the  whole  of  Mr.  Morse's 
congressional  career  of  ten  years,  he  was  most  useful  to 
his  constituents,  and  was  especially  the  friend  of  all 
sorts  of  people  in  their  dealings  with  the  government. 

His  great  influence 
with  cabinet  minis- 
ters and  lesser  func- 
tionaries was  due  to 
his  kindly,  frank,  and 
straightforward  man- 
ner, and  to  the  nat- 
^v.^  ural    desire  of  State 

officials  to  gain    the 
»  vote  and  influence  of 

an  independent  con- 
gressman for  their 
special  measures. 
He  was  one  of  the 
strongest  advocates 
of  a  national  bank- 
ruptcy law,  and  was 
identified  with  the 
cause  of  civil  serxice 
reform  in  Congress. 
He  was  also  a  lead- 
ing supporter  of  tariff 
reform.  In  1S88  he 
might  have  had  the 
Democratic  nomina- 
tion for  governor  of 
Massachusetts  if  he 
had  but  said  the 
LEOPOLD   MORSE  word.     Mr.    Morse 

was  twice  a  delegate 
to  National  Demo- 
cratic conventions.  In  business  he  was  one  of  the  con- 
spicuous successes  of  New  England,  and  his  great  wealth 
was  generously  used.  He  was  prominent  in  many  chari- 
ties, having  founded  and  endowed  the  Boston  Home  for 
Aged  and  Infirm  Hebrews  and  Orphanage.  Mr.  Morse 
was  president  of  the  .Suffolk  Club,  and  was  at  one  time 
president  of  the  Boston  Post  Publishing  Company.  He 
died  suddenly  in  December,  1892,  h;ning  been  taken  ill 
at  a  business  men's  banquet. 


BOSTON. 


135 


FOUR  years  in  succession  the  Republicans  of  Boston 
nominated  Thomas  Norton  Hart  for  mayor,  and 
twice  he  was  elected,  serving  in    1S89  and   1890.     In 
1 89 1  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  postmas- 
ter of  Boston,  to  succeed  General  Corse,  and   he   has 
kept  the  efficiency  of  the  post-office  up  to  the  standard 
set  by  his  predecessors.     He  was  born  in  North  Reading, 
Mass.,   Jan.    20,    1829.     His   father   was    Daniel    Hart, 
whose    ancestors    settled    in    I.ynnfield.      His   mother's 
father     was     Major 
John    N  o  r  t  o  n,     of 
Royalston,     who 
fought  in  the  Revo- 
lution.     Mr.    Hart 
received  a  plain  edu- 
cation,   such   as   the 
count  r  y      schools 
afforded  in  the  thir- 
ties, and  when  a  lad 
of  thirteen  he  came 
to  Boston  to  earn  his 
living.        He    found 
e  m  ])  1  o  y  m  e  n  t  with 
Wheelock,    Pratt    lS: 
Co.,  dry  goods  deal- 
ers.  Two  years  later, 
in  1844,  he  was  clerk 
in   a   hat  store,  and 
subsequently  became 
partner   in    the   firm 
of  Philip  A.  Locke  & 
Co.,  in  Dock  Square. 
In  i860,  Mr.  Locke 
retired  from  business, 
and    Mr.    Hart    as- 
sumed control,  form- 
ing shortly  after  the 
well-known    firm    of 
Hart,   I'aylor  &  Co., 
which    was    highly 

successful.  Mr.  Hart  went  out  of  business  in  1878  with 
a  competency.  Soon  after,  he  was  chosen  president  of 
the  Mt.  Vernon  National  Bank,  of  which  he  is  still  the 
head.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Boston  Common  Coun- 
cil from  1879  to  1881,  and  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  in 
1882,  1885  and  1886.  His  vote  for  mayor  rose  steadily 
from  18,685  to  32,712,  the  latter  being  the  highest  ever 
polled  by  a  Republican  in  Boston.  It  has  been  said, 
with  much  truth,  that  he  commanded  the  support  and 


THOMAS    NORTON    HART 


confidence  of  the  people  rather  than  of  party  men.  All 
his  nominations  came  to  him  unsought,  unbought  and 
unpledged.  In  making  appointments  he  has  always 
looked  to  fitness  first,  and  to  party  afterward.  He  has 
treated  government  as  a  business,  to  be  conducted  on 
business  principles,  and  with  a  view  to  the  public  good 
as  the  first  and  last  consideration.  He  is  an  ardent 
supporter  of  the  civil  service  laws,  and  of  their  loyal 
application  in  city.  State  and  nation.     For  the    postal 

service  he  laid  down 
the    rule    that     new 
appointees   should 
generally   begin  at 
the  foot  of  the  lad- 
der,   and     that    the 
advanced      positions 
should   be   filled   by 
promotion.      He 
believes  that  the  fre- 
quent collection  and 
<puck     despatch     of 
mail    m  a  1 1  e  r  is   of 
e(iual  importance 
with  the  frequent  and 
prompt    delisery    of 
mails  received.     The 
postal  serv  ice  at  the 
stations    and    in  the 
residence      districts, 
therefore,    has    re- 
c  e  i  V  e  d  Postmaster 
Hart's  attention,  and 
the  rapid  work  of  the 
central    office  has 
been     extended     as 
much  as  possible  to 
the  entire  postal  dis- 
trict of  Boston.     Mr. 
Hart  has  been  treas- 
urer of  the  American 
Unitarian  Association,  and  an  officer  of  the  Church  of 
the  Unity.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Algonquin  and  the 
Hull  Yacht  clubs.     He  was   married    in   1850  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Snow,  of  Bowdoin,  Me.     They  have  one  child, 
a  daughter,  now  the  wife  of  C.  W.  Ernst,  the  assistant 
postmaster  of  Boston.     Mr.  Hart  enjoys  the  utmost  con- 
fidence both  of  politicians  antl  of  business  men.     His 
administration  of    the  municipal  affairs  of   Boston  was 
able  and  above  all  reproach. 


1.16 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


BREVET   BRIGADIER-GENERAL   NATHAN  A. 
M.  DUDLEY,   United    States    Army,   was   born 
in  Lexington,  Mass.,  Aug.    20,  1825,  and  was  brigade 
and    division    inspector    of     State     troops     prior     to 
March  3,    1855,  on  which   date  he  was  commissioned 
first   lieutenant.  Tenth    Infantry,  LTnited    States  Army. 
He    served  with   the   command  in  the  Indian  country 
west  of  the  Missouri  River,  campaigning   against    the 
Sioux,   Cheyennes,  and   other  tribes ;    commanded    his 
company  at  the  bat- 
tle   of    Blue   Water; 
and    in    the    fall   of 
1856    explored     the 
country  between  the 
Sweetwater  and  Fort 
Snelling,     Minn.,     a 
region  untra\elled  by 
a  white  man  before. 
His  company  formed 
part  of  the  LUah  ex- 
pedition    in    1857 
which    failed    in    its 
m  i  s  s  i  o  n,    and    was 
forced    to   camj)   for 
five     months     on 
Black's    Fork,  re- 
duced to  half  rations 
without    salt.      Pro- 
moted to  a  captaincy 
on  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Civil  War,  he 
was   ordered    to   the 
nation's    capital,   re- 
maining in  that  city 
until  February,  1862, 
when     he     obtained 
leave  of  absence,  to 
accept  the  colonelcy 
of  the  Thirtieth  Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, 

which  accompanied  General  Butler  to  New  Orleans. 
He  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  that  city  after  its 
occupation.  In  June  he  led  a  successful  expedition 
into  the  interior  of  Louisiana  from  Baton  Rouge.  He 
commanded  a  brigade  in  the  first  demonstrations  against 
A'icksburg,  directed  all  the  movements  on  the  field  at 
the  battle  of  Baton  Rouge,  after  the  fall  of  General 
Williams,  and  was  breveted  major  in  the  regular  army 
for  gallant  conduct  on  that  occasion.     In   December  he 


NATHAN    A.   M.    DUDLEY 


became  inspector-general  for  the  Department  of  the  Gulf, 
in  the  spring  of  1863  was  placed  in  command  of  the 
Third  Brigade  of  Augur's  Division  at  Baton  Rouge, 
successfully  conducted  an  expedition  up  the  Mississippi 
to  open  communication  with  Commodore  Farragut,  and 
during  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson  was  in  command  of  a 
large  brigade  with  five  batteries  of  artillery  attached, 
being  personally  under  fire  during  the  entire  siege  of 
forty-five  days.     On  the  surrender  of  that  stronghold  he 

was  ordered  to  Don- 
aldsonville  with  two 
brigades,  and  fought 
the  battle  of  Cox's 
Plantation.  He  was 
chief  of  staff  in 
Banks's  expedition 
to  Texas,  organized 
the  Fourth  Cavalry 
Brigade,  and  com- 
manded the  same  in 
the  disastrous  Red 
River  Campaign, 
joined  the  Nine- 
teenth Army  Corps 
in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  was  ordered 
in  February,  1864, 
to  report  to  Major- 
General  T  h  o  m  a  s. 
Department  of  the 
Cumberland,  and 
placed  in  command 
of  nine  thousand 
troops  at  TuUahoma, 
Tenn.,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until 
the  close  of  the  war. 
Subse  cju  e  n  1 1  y  he 
served  as  commis- 
sioner of  the  Freed- 
men's  Bureau.  For  two  years  he  commanded  the  dis- 
trict of  Vicksburg.  On  the  reorganization  of  the  army, 
in  1870,  he  was  assigned  to  the  arm  of  the  cavalry  ser- 
vice employed  in  the  Indian  country,  and  was  promoted 
colonel  of  the  First  Cavalry  in  1883,  which  command  he 
retained  until  his  retirement  in  1889.  General  Dudley 
recei\ed  five  brevets  during  the  war,  four  in  the  regular 
army,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services,  and  accord- 
ing to  his  official  record  was  over  ninety  days  under  fire. 


BOSTON. 


137 


PRIMARILY,  F.  E.  Orcutt's  name  is  associated  with 
the  military  history  of  Massachusetts  in  the  six- 
ties, but  he  is  not  alone  known  as  a  war  veteran,  for  of 
recent  years  he  has  figured  prominently  in  the  civil  and 
business  history  of  the  Commonwealth.     Mr.  Orcutt  was 
born  in  Cambridge,  Mass.,  Oct.  10,  1842.     His  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  was  su]iplemented  by  a  course 
of  business  study  in  Eastman's  College,  at  Poughkeep- 
sie,  N.  Y.,  after  which  he  found  employment  in  a  book- 
bindery    in    Boston. 
He  was  a  young  man 
when  the  war  broke 
out ;  indeed,  the  rec- 
ords in  the  adjutant- 
general's  ofifice  at  the 
State  House  show  that 
when  he  enlisted,  in 
June,    1S62,    in    de- 
fence of   the  Union, 
he  was  only  nineteen 
years  old.     He  went 
to    the    front    as    a 
member  of  Company 
F,  Th  irty-e  i  gh  t  h 
Massachusetts     Vol- 
unteers,  and    served 
in    Virginia   and 
Maryland     until    his 
regiment  was  ordered 
to  join  the  Banks  ex- 
]jedition  to   the  De- 
pa  r  t  m  e  n  t  of  the 
Gulf.    Eleven  months 
after  Mr.  Orcutt  left 
home,    he    was    de- 
tailed   for     duty    at 
General  Banks'  head- 
quarters, and  during 
the  expedition  above 
mentioned  he  served 

so  creditably  in  the  ordnance  and  engineering  depart- 
ment that  he  received  the  commission  of  lieutenant  of 
engineers.  His  next  work  was  in  connection  with  the 
Texas  expedition,  and  he  did  excellent  service  on  the 
Rio  Grande.  After  a  visit  to  Mexico,  where  Maximilian 
was  then  reigning,  he  returned  to  the  Gulf  headquarters, 
where  he  served  until  February,  1865,  when  he  was 
honorably  mustered  out  of  service,  and  immediately 
went  to  his  home.     Mr.  Orcutt's  first  business  venture 


F.    E.    ORCUTT 


was  in  1874,  when  he  became  interested  in  the  custom 
clothing  trade,  in  the  firm  of  Allen  &  Orcutt,  later 
Starratt  &  Orcutt.  In  1887  he  became  financial  mana- 
ger of  the  Middleton  Paper  Mill  Company,  and  two 
years  later  was  ajipointed  by  President  Harrison  collec- 
tor of  internal  re\enue  for  the  Massachusetts  district,  a 
position  which  he  occupies  at  the  present  time.  To 
this  position  and  the  business  lines  above  indicated 
Mr.  Orcutt  has  devoted  the  most  of  his  energies,  but 

they  fall  far  short  of 
telling   the    story   of 
his    active     business 
life.    For  example,  he 
is   the    president    of 
the    Colorado    Farm 
Loan  Company,  pres- 
ident  of    the    Silver 
Light  Gas  Company, 
and  a  director  of  the 
Standard  Coal  Com- 
pany.    He  has  always 
been   a    prominent 
member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, and    his  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  that 
organization  led  him 
to  give  aid  and  coun- 
sel   to    the    work    of 
establishing    the 
"  Grand   Army   Rec- 
ord,"   a    publication 
which   is   printed    in 
Boston.      He    is    a 
member    of     the 
Grand  Commandery, 
Knights  Templars, 
and    of    the    Grand 
Council    Royal    and 
Select    Masters,    the 
Red  Men,  the  Royal  Arcanum,  and  other  similar  bodies. 
For  sixteen  years  he  was  auditor  of  the  town  of  Melrose, 
Mass.,  where  he  resides   with   his  wife,  formerly  Miss 
Lucy  A.  Rhodes,  of  New  Britain,  Conn.,  and  his  two  chil- 
dren.    Mr.  Orcutt  is  a  man  of  commanding  presence 
and  is  popular  with  his  old  comrades  and  esteemed  by 
the  business  men  of  the  State.     Few  men  in  Massachu- 
setts  have    a   wider  acquaintance    in   commercial    and 
social  circles  than  he. 


IvS 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IT  is  as  the  friend  of  the  boys  and  girls  of  his  State 
that   John   S.    Paine,   traveller   and    philanthropist, 
would  wish  to  be  known,  were  it  not  that  his  aversion 
to  notoriety  is  so  strong  that  it  is  difficult  to  draw  from 
him  information  of  a  personal  nature.     The  Cambridge 
Boys  and  Girls'  Christian  Band,  now  in  its  ninth  year, 
with  a  membership  of  twenty-three  hundred,  is  the  crea- 
tion of   Mr.  Paine.     Its   ince]5tion   being   his    idea,  he 
has  carefully  nursed  and  fostered  it  until  it  has  become 
the   all-absorbing 
theme  of  his  life.    "  I 
would    rather,"    said 
Mr.  Paine,  "  have  my 
boys  and  girls'  band 
than  all  the  honors, 
political  or  otherwise, 
that  could  be  offered 
to  me."     All  of   the 
e.xpenses  of  this  use- 
ful   and    worthy    or- 
ganization    are 
personally  borne  by 
him,  and  he  devotes 
much  of  his  time  to 
its  affairs,  instructing 
the  children  by  illus- 
t  r  a  t  e  d   lectures  o  f 
travel  and  curious 
relics  from  foreign 
lands.     An  extensive 
and  experienced  trav- 
eller, Mr.  Paine  pos- 
sesses the  rare  ])ower 
of  making  himself 
peculiarly  interesting 
to  children,  and  as  he 
likes  the  work,  both 
parties   to    t  h  e  a  r  - 
rangement   are   con- 
tented.     John    S . 

Paine  was  born  at  Uxbridge,  Mass.,  sixty-eight  years 
ago.  He  attended  the  public  school  until  he  was  twelve 
years  old,  and  received  the  rest  of  his  education  at  the 
Uxbridge  Academy.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  left  his 
father's  farm  and  entered  the  country  store  of  P.  Whit- 
ing &:  Son,  at  Whitings\ille,  Mass.  After  remaining  there 
for  two  years  he  came  to  Boston,  where  he  began  his 
career,  his  whole  capital  amounting  to  considerably  less 
than  five  dollars.     Here  he  took  the  quickest  means  of 


JOHN    S.    PAINE 


acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  furniture  trade,  and  soon 
became  a  practical  cabinet-maker.  About  forty  years 
ago  he  entered  into  a  partnership  with  his  brother-in-law, 
I^.  B.  Shearer,  which  continued  until  the  death  of  that 
gentleman,  about  twenty-four  years  ago.  Mr.  Paine 
then  continued  in  business  for  himself  in  the  neighbor- 
hood in  Boston,  where  his  well-known  establishment 
now  stands.  He  conducted  his  rapidly-growing  business 
alone  untiPseven  years  ago,  when   his  son,  brother  and 

nephew   became 
members  of  the  firm, 
his    n  e  p  h  e  w,    M  r . 
Shearer,  being  a  son 
of  his  former  partner. 
Sixteen  years  ago 
Mr.  Paine  bought  the 
land    on    which    h  e 
built    the    present 
immense  manufac- 
tory and  warehouse. 
The  building  is  one 
hundred    and    fifty 
feet  square,  and  con- 
tains seven  floors.  At 
one  time  the  firm  had 
branch    establish- 
ments    at    Chicago, 
New  York  and  New 
Orleans.   Mr.  Paine's 
marriage    has    been 
blessed  with    three 
children,  a   son   and 
two    daughters.      I  n 
religion  he  is  a  Bap- 
tist, and  is  deeply  in- 
terested in   Chris- 
tian  work.      He  has 
been  superintendent 
of   Baptist  Sunday 
schools  in  Cambridge 
twenty-five   years.     Mr.  Paine  is  a  prominent  Prohibi- 
tionist, but  is  otherwise   independent  in  politics.      He 
is  passionately  fond  of  travel,  and  has  wandered  much 
in  foreign  countries.     He    spends  his  winters  in  Cuba, 
where  he   is  as  much  at  home  as  in  Boston.     In  his 
business  methods  Mr.  Paine  has  made  it  a  rule  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  times.     Integrity  comes  first  in  his  com- 
mercial lexicon,  after  which   push  and    enterprise   fol- 
low.    This  is  the  secret  of  his  success. 


BOSTON. 


139 


AS   president  of   a  nafionnl    bank  and  several  large 
corporations,    and    with    a    long   and    honorable 
record  of   public  service,  Samuel    Little  is  one  of   the 
most  respected  of  Boston's  business  men.     He  was  born 
in  Hingham,  Mass.,  .-^ug.  15,  1827,  the  son  of  Isaac  and 
Sally  (Lincoln)  Little.     His  maternal  ancestry  runs  back 
to  Samuel  Lincoln,  who  came  from  Hingham,  Lngland, 
and  settled  in  Hingham,  Mass.,  in  1637.     In  his  boy- 
hood Mr.  Little  attended  the  Derby  .•\cademy  at  Hing- 
ham, and  after  leav- 
ing   school    became 
cashier   and    book- 
keeper    for    Daniell 
&  Co.,    dry   goods 
dealers,  Boston.     In 
1850,   he  was    made 
receiving  teller    in 
the    Bank  of   Com- 
merce,    then     just 
organized,  and  three 
years   later,   on    the 
organization   of    the 
Rockland      National 
Bank,  at  Roxburv, 
became    its    cashier. 
He  was  subsequently, 
upon   the  death  of 
Samuel    Walker, 
elected  president   of 
the  bank,  a  position 
which  he  still  occu- 
pies.    Mr.  Little  has 
long  been  identified 
with  the    street  rail- 
way interests  of  Bos- 
ton.    He  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the 
Highland     Street 
Railway  in  1872,  and 
its  treasurer  until  its 

consolidation  with  the  Middlesex  Street  Railway  Com- 
pany, and  since  the  uniting  of  all  the  street  railways  in 
Boston  in  the  West  Kntl  Company,  he  has  been  one  of 
the  directors  of  this  corporation.  Mr.  Little  is  also 
president  of  the  E.  Howard  \\'atch  and  Clock  Company, 
of  the  Boston  Lead  Manufacturing  Company,  of  the 
Bay  State  Gas  Company  and  of  the  Roxbury  Gas  Light 
Company,  and  a  director  of  the  Boston,  Dorchester, 
and  South  Boston  Gas  Light  Companies.     He  is  also  a 


SAMUEL    LITTLE 


trustee  of  the  Roxbury  Institution  for  Savings,  and  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Roxbury  Honncopathic 
Dispensary.  For  more  than  twenty  years  Mr.  Little 
took  an  active  part  in  public  life.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Roxbury  Common  Council  in  1856-57  ;  member 
of  the  Roxbury  Board  of  Aldermen,  1861-68;  mem- 
ber of  the  Boston  Board  of  .\ldermen  (after  the  annexa- 
tion of  Roxbury),  in  1871  and  1872,  being  chairman  of 
the  board  the  latter  year ;  member  of  the  Massachusetts 

House  of  Represen- 
tatives from  Roxbury 
in    1864    and    1865, 
and  one  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  of  Pub- 
1  i  c    Institutions    o  f 
Boston   from    1873 
till  1882,  and  presi- 
dent of   the   board 
from    1877  until  his 
retirement.     As   one 
of   the   State   agents 
for  the  improvement 
of  the   South  Boston 
fiats  belonging  to  the 
Commonwealth,     as 
referee    in    many 
notable  cases,    par- 
ticularly that  of   the 
City  of  Boston  vs.  the 
Boston  Belting  Com- 
pany, and  as  trustee 
and    executor    of 
many   large    estates, 
Mr.  Little  has  always 
displayed    the  quali- 
ties  of    a   sagacious 
and    honorable  busi- 
ness  man.     He    is 
past  master  of  Wash- 
ington Lodge,  F.  and 
A.  M.,  past  commander  of  Joseph  Warren  Commandery, 
and  a  member  of  Mt.  Vernon  Royal  Arch  Chapter.     Mr. 
Little  was  married  in  Hingham,  June  6,  1855,  to  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Micajah  and  Eliza  (Parker)   Malbon. 
He  has  one  son,  .\rthur  Malbon  Little,  who  is  treasurer 
of  the    E.   Howard  \\'atch  and    Clock   Company.     Mr. 
Little's  unbroken  record  of  faithful  public  service  and 
his  successful  business  career  place  him  among  the  truly 
rei)resentati\e  men  of  the  Commonwealth. 


I40 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


DANIEL  ELDREDGE  was  born  at  Chatham,  Mass., 
July  7,  1 84 1,  his  father  having  been  lost  at  sea  a 
few  months  prior   to  his  birth.     The  widowed  mother 
moved    to    Dedham,    Mass.,    during    the    infancy    of 
Daniel,  and  his  boyhood  days  were  nearly  all  passed  in 
that  historic  town.     He  attended  the  grammar  school 
there,  his  teacher  for  a  part  of  the  time  being  the  late 
Charles  A.  Richardson,  of  the  Congregationalist,  Boston. 
The  opening  of  the  Civil  War  found  him  in  New  Hamp- 
shire, and  he  enlisted 
at  Lebanon,  in   that 
State,  Aug.  2,   1861, 
as  a  member  of  the 
Third    Regiment    of 
New    Hampshire 
Volunteers,     being 
assigned  to  Company 
K,  the   members   of 
which    were    princi- 
pally   from    Dover. 
He  followed   the  for- 
tunes of  the  regiment 
at    the    seat    of    war 
until  Aug.  16,   1864, 
when  he   received  a 
severe  wound  in  the 
left     forearm    which 
ended  his  service  in 
the    field.      He   was 
in   action   at   Seces- 
sionville,  James    Isl- 
and, June   16,  1862, 
at    the     capture    of 
Morris    Island,   July 
10,    1863,    and    par- 
ticipated   in    the 
memorable  charge 
on  Fort  Wagner,  July 
18,   1863,   where   he 
was  slightly  wounded 

in  the  foot.  He  was  placed  on  detached  service  at 
Concord,  N.  H.,  in  which  he  spent  the  latter  part  of 
1863,  returning  to  his  regiment  in  January,  1864.  He 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Drury's  Bluff,  May  13,  14, 
15  and  16,  1864,  and  in  the  several  actions  of  his  regi- 
ment during  the  summer  of  1864,  until  receiving  the 
wound  that  incapacitated  him  for  further  active  service 
at  the  front.  After  spending  some  time  first  at  the 
Chesapeake  Hospital,  near    Fortress  Monroe,  and  later 


in  the  Officers'  Hospital  at  Annapolis,  he  obtained  a 
leave  of  absence.  In  December,  1864,  he  was  assigned 
to  duty  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  although  his  arm  was  in  a 
sling  and  his  wound  still  unhealed.  In  May,  1865,  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  and  or- 
dered to  join  Company  A,  Third  Regiment,  of  that 
corps,  at  New  Haven,  Conn.,  serving  there,  and  later  at 
Hartford.  He  was  discharged  June  30,  1866,  his  ser- 
vices being  no  longer  required.     He  rose  from  a  private 

through  the  interme- 
diate  grades    to   the 
rank  of  captain.     In 
1870    he    located    in 
Boston,  in  which  city 
he  now  resides,  and 
in  1877,  with  others, 
assisted    t  h  e    Hon. 
Josiah  Quincy  in  es- 
tablishing in  Massa- 
chusetts the  building 
association      system, 
now    known    as    co- 
operative     banks. 
He  was  the  first  sec- 
retary of  the  Pioneer 
Co-operative     Bank, 
the  first  co-operative 
bank    organized   un- 
der   the     Massachu- 
setts law,  and  since 
that   time    has   been 
largely    i  d  e  n  t  i  fi  e  d 
with  the    business 
generally,    being    at 
present    secretary 
and    treasurer  of 
three  large  banks  — 
Pioneer,  Homestead 
and    ( "7  u  a  r  d  i  a  n  — 
which    occupy    one 
office,  and  the  combined  assets   of  which   reach   nearly 
$1,000,000.     Enjoying  the   reputation  of  an  expert  in 
his   particular   busmess,    his   service    and    counsel    are 
sought  by  many.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fra- 
ternity, Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and  of  the  Military 
Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States.     To 
the  development  of  co-operative  banks  in  Massachusetts, 
which  have  proved  such  a  boon  to  workingmen,  Mr. 
Eldredge  has  contributed  not  a  little. 


DANIEL   ELDREDGE, 


BOSTON. 


141 


TO  that  class  of  earnest  workers  for  the  good  of  their 
fellow-men  belongs  Mr.  Robert  Treat  Paine,  who 
for  more  than  a  score  of  years  has  devoted  a  goodly 
share  of  his  time  and  fortune  to  the  advancement  of 
philanthropic  and  humanitarian  enterprises.     The  scion 
of  a  well-known  New  England  family, —  his  great-grand- 
father signed   the  Declaration  of  Independence, —  Mr. 
Paine  was  born  in  Boston,   Oct.   28,   1835,   the  son  of 
Charles   Gushing  and    Fanny   Cabot    (Jackson)   Paine. 
He    graduated    from 
the    Boston    Latin 
School  at  the  age  of 
fifteen.     In  1851   he 
entered     Harvard, 
graduating  with  hon- 
ors in  1855.  A  year's 
study  in  the  Harvard 
Law  School  followed, 
and   then   two  years 
of  travel  and  study  in 
Europe.      Returning 
in    1858,    Mr.   Paine 
resumed  the  study  of 
law.      Admitted     to 
the  bar  in   1859,  he 
practised  until  1870, 
when    the    fortune 
which  he  had  amassed 
permitted  him,  at  the 
age  of  thirty-five,  to 
retire   from   active 
business.     He    b e - 
came  one  of  the  com- 
m  i  1 1  e  e     that     had 
charge  of  the  build- 
ing of  Trinity  Church. 
In  1878  he  helped  to 
organize  the  Associ- 
ated Charities  of 
Boston,    and     was 

chosen  and  remains  its  first  president.  This  society 
introduced  new  methods  of  charity  in  dealing  with 
distress,  which  have  won  the  appro\al  of  all  classes. 
Many  other  cities  when  about  to  start  their  Associated 
Charities  have  come  to  Boston,  and  to  Mr.  Paine,  for 
information.  In  1879  Mr.  Paine  organized  the  Wells 
Memorial  Workingmen's  Institute,  which  has  become 
the  largest  workingmen's  club  in  the  Ihiited  States.  It 
embraces  a  loan  association,  a  co-operative  bank  and  a 


ROBERT  TREAT   PAINE. 


building  association.  Of  these  allied  organizations  Mr. 
Paine  is  president.  He  also  originated  the  Working- 
men's  Loan  Association,  the  success  of  which  venture  is 
fully  established.  In  i8gi  Mr.  Paine  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Peace  Society.  He  has  built 
o\tx  two  hundred  small  houses  sold  on  easy  credits,  and 
originated  the  Workingmen's  Building  .Association,  which 
has  built  in  the  same  way  over  one  hundred  houses. 
He    helped    to    introduce    the    system   of    co-operative 

banks  into  Massachu- 
setts.    In    1884   Mr. 
Paine     represented 
Waltham    in  the 
Massachusetts  House 
o  f    Representatives, 
and    was   the  candi- 
date for  Congress  in 
the    fifth    Massachu- 
setts district.     He  is 
a  member  of  the  ves- 
try of  Trinity  church  ; 
of  the  e.\ecutive  com- 
mittee   of    the  Epis- 
copal  City  Mission  ; 
trustee   of  donations 
to  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church  ; 
member  of  the  Soci- 
ety for  the  Suppres- 
sion    of    Vice,    and 
vice-president  of  the 
Children's  Aid  Soci- 
ety.     In     1887     he 
endowed  a  ten  thou- 
sand dollar  fellowship 
in    Harvard  College, 
"  to    ameliorate    the 
lot  of    the    mass   of 
mankind."    In   1890 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paine 
created   and   endowed    a   trust   of  about   two  hundred 
thousand  dollars,  called  the  Robert  Treat  Paine  Associ- 
ation.    The  trust  deeds  provide  that  these  charities  are 
to  be  always  carried  on  by  the  founders  and  their  chil- 
dren.    Mr.   Paine  has   published  many  pamphlets  and 
addresses,  all  of  them  dealing  with  social  problems.    He 
was  married  in  1862  to  Lydia  Williams  Lyman,  grand- 
daughter of  Theodore  Lyman,  the  distinguished  Boston 
merchant.     Seven  children  have  been  born  of  this  union. 


142 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


T( )  the  mechanical  genius  and  business  enterprise  of 
( leorge  Leonard  Damon,  president  of  the  Damon 
Safe  and  Iron  Works  Company,  is  largely  due  the  high 
stage  of  development  which  the  safe  industry  has  attained 
in  America.     He  was  born  in  Stoughton,  Mass.,  July  15, 
1843,  the  son  of  Leonard  and  Elizabeth  P.  (Linfield) 
Damon.     His  early  education  was  obtained  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Stoughton  and  of  East  Boston,  whither  his 
parents  removed  when  he  was  twelve  years  old.     After 
graduating  from  the 
Adams    School,    in 
I  8  6  I ,   he    went    to 
the  Harrison  Loring 
Works  in  South  Bos- 
ton    as   apprentice, 
his  special  aim  being 
to  qualify  himself  as 
a    mechanical    engi- 
neer  for    the   con- 
struction  of    marine 
engines,    the    build- 
ing   of  vessels,  and 
all    kinds   of    iron 
steamshii)    work. 
His  progress  was  so 
marked  that  on  the 
completion   of    his 
apprenticeship  he  re- 
ceived a  responsible 
position  from  Charles 
Staples    &    Son,    of 
Portland,    Me.,    who 
had  obtained  a  con- 
tract   for    the    con- 
struction  of  a  light- 
draught  monitor.    In 
1866,  with  others,  he 
bought    out  the  safe 
manufacturing    busi- 
ness   in    Boston    of 

the  Tremont  Safe  Company.  After  conducting  that 
business  two  years  and  a  half  the  firm  sold  out  to 
the  American  Steam  Safe  Company,  and  Mr.  Damon 
returned  to  Portland  and  was  made  a  partner  with  C. 
Staples  &  Son,  where  he  did  a  large  amount  of  special 
designing  of  stationary  and  marine  engine  work  and 
added  to  his  reputation  as  a  mechanical  engineer.  In 
1870  he  was  induced  to  return  to  Boston  to  take  charge 
of  the  manufacturing  department  of  the  American  Steam 


GEORGE    L.    DAMON 


Safe  Company,  successors  of  the  old  firm  of  Denio  & 
Roberts,  and  four  years  later  bought  out  the  entire  jjlant. 
Since  then  his  business  has  steadily  increased,  until  now 
he  has  the  manufactory  in  Cambridgeport,  and  has  also 
established  a  large  plant  in  Philadelphia,  giving  constant 
employment  to  two  hundred  men.  Mr.  Damon  has  con- 
structed vaults  for  most  of  the  banks  and  safe  deposit 
companies  in  New  England,  and  for  several  years  fur- 
nished all  the  work  of  this  class  ordered  by  the  United 

States   Treasury  De- 
partment.   The  large 

vaults  in  use  by  the 

Treasury    Depart- 
ment  at  Washington 
and  every  sub-treas- 
ury   vault    in    the 
country,  including 
those  in    .San    Fran- 
cisco, have  been  con- 
s  t  ru  ct  e  d    by    Mr. 
D  a  m  o  n  .     In    the 
seventies,  at  the  re- 
quest of  Secretary  of 
the     Treasury    Bris- 
tow,    he    remodelled 
the  United    States 
Treasury   vaults  at 
New  York.     All   the 
labor,    re(|uiring    a 
number  of  workmen, 
had  to  be  performed 
outside   of    business 
hours,    a  n  d    during 
the    whole    time    of 
reconstruction  nearly 
two  hundred  million 
dollars   were    stored 
in    the    vaults    con- 
stantly within    arms' 
reach   of    the   work- 
men.    Mr.  I  )amon  safely  accomplished  the  task  without  a 
cent  of  loss  and  to  the  great  satisfaction  of  the  government 
officials.     The  numerous  safes  and  vaults  in  the  great 
Exchange  Building,  the  Boston  Safe  Deposit  Company, 
Old  Colony  Trust  Company,  and  Bay  State  Trust  Com- 
pany, were  of  his  construction.     A  consolidation  of  all 
the  safe  manufacturing  interests  of  the  country  has  just 
been  effected,  with  a  capital  of  five  million  dollars,  and 
Mr.  Damon  has  been  elected  its  treasurer. 


BOSTON. 


143 


JOHN  CUMMINGS  HAYNES,  son  of  John  Dear- 
born and  Eliza  W.  (Stevens)  Haynes,  was  born  in 
Brighton  (now  a  part  of  Boston),  Sept.  9,  1829.  He 
left  the  English  High  School  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and 
in  1845  went  as  a  boy  into  the  service  of  the  late  Oliver 
Ditson,  the  music  publisher.  In  185 1  he  received  an 
interest  in  the  business,  and  in  1857  was  admitted  to 
partnership,  the  firm  becoming  01i\er  Ditson  &  Co. 
.\fter  the  death  of  the  senior  partner,  in  December, 
1888,  the  Oliver  Dit- 
son    Company     was 

incorporated,     with  

Mr.  Haynes  as  presi- 
dent. The  h  e  a  d - 
quarters  of  the  busi- 
ness are  in  the  large 
building  Nos.  453  to 
463  Washington 
Street,  and  the  branch 
houses  are  as  follows  : 
John  C.  Haynes  & 
Co.,  Boston  ;  Charles 
H.  Ditson  &  Co., 
New  York,  and  J.  E. 
Ditson  &  Co.,  Phila- 
delphia. The  growth 
of  this  great  music 
publishing  house  has 
kept  pace  with  the 
growth  of  musical 
taste  and  culture  in 
the  United  States, 
and  its  influence  as 
an  educational  agent 
can  scarcely  be  esti- 
mated. Mr.  Haynes 
has  also  been  inter- 
ested in  large  and 
successful  real  estate 
ventures,    that    have 

materially  added  to  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  city  of 
Boston.  In  early  life,  after  having  been  for  many  years 
a  scholar  in  a  Baptist  Sunday  school,  he  became  inter- 
ested, in  1848,  in  the  preaching  of  Theodore  Parker 
and  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Congregational  Society,  which 
was  organized  "  to  give  Theodore  Parker  a  chance  to 
be  heard  in  Boston,"  and  was  for  many  years  chairman 
of  its  standing  committee.  Mr.  Havnes  was  active  in 
the  construction  of  the  Parker  Memorial  Building  and 


JOHN    C.    HAYNES 


instrumental  in  its  recent  transfer  to  the  Benevolent 
Fraternity  of  Churches.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Parker  Fraternity  of  Boston.  Of  late  years 
he  has  been  connected  with  the  Church  of  the  Unity,  of 
which  Rev.  M.  J.  Savage  is  the  minister.  While  still  a 
young  man,  he  helped  to  organize  the  Franklin  Library 
."Association,  and  his  long  connection  with  it  was  of  great 
advantage  to  him.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the  Mercan- 
tile   Library   Association,    the   Young   Men's   Christian 

Union,  the  Woman's 
Industrial  L'nion,and 
the  .Aged  Couples' 
Home  Society ;  a 
trustee  of  the  Frank- 
lin Savings  Bank  ; 
director  of  the  Mass- 
achusetts Title  Insur- 
ance Company,  and 
of  the  Prudential  Fire 
Insurance  Company ; 
treasurer  of  the  Free 
Religious  Associa- 
tion ;  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  a  n  d 
Home  Market  clubs 
and  of  the  Boston 
Merchants'  .Associa- 
tion ;  president  of 
the  Parker  Memorial 
Science  Class.  From 
1862  to  1865,  inclu- 
sive, he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Boston 
Common  Council. 
Mr.  Haynes  was  mar- 
ried in  Boston  by 
Theodore  Parker, 
May  I,  1 85  5,  to 
Fanny,  daughter  of 
Rev.  Charles  and 
Frances  (Seabury)  Spear.  Of  this  union  were  seven 
children :  .Alice  Fanny  (Mrs. 
Theodore  Parker  (deceased)  ; 
Gordon  Rankine)  ;  Jennie  Eliza  (Mrs.  Fred  O.  Hurd)  ; 
Cora  Mary  (Mrs.  f].  Harte  Day)  ;  Mabel  Stevens  and 
Edith  Margaret  Haynes.  Mr.  Haynes  joined  the  Free- 
soil  party  when  he  was  a  young  man,  and  went  with  it 
into  the  Republican  party,  with  which  he  has  since  been 
identified. 


M.    Morton   Holmes)  ; 
Lizzie   Gray    (Mrs.    O. 


144 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


A   STRIKING   instance    of    the  value    of    industry, 
courage,  and  fortitude  was  manifest  in  the  good 
work  wrought    by  E.  W.  Dennison,  the  chief   corner- 
stone in  the  structure  of   the  house  of   the   Dennison 
Manufacturing  Company,  which  has  its  headquarters  in 
Boston,  its  branches  in  all  the    leading   cities    of   the 
Union,  and  its  goods,  wares,  and  merchandise  in  almost 
every  manufactory,  counting-room,  workshop,  and  dwell- 
ing.    E.  W.  Dennison  was  born  at  Topsham,  then  Ken- 
nebec,  now   Sagada- 
hoc    County,     M  e., 
Nov.  23,  1819,  every 
year  and  day  even  of 
the  intermediate  time 
from  his  birth  to  his 
death    having    been 
those  of  active  boy- 
hood,  doubly  active 
manhood,  and  vigor- 
ous  age.      He    was 
one  of  ten  children, 
three  sons  and  seven 
daughters,  of  Colonel 
Andrew  Dennison, 
one  of  the  early  pio- 
neers of  the  Andros- 
cog gin    region   of 
Maine    frontier   life. 
When    he    was    five 
years  of  age  the  fam- 
ily   removed    across 
the    river    to   Bruns- 
wick, with  which  vil- 
lage  he    had    all  his 
life  close  and  cordial 
family   and    business 
relations.    At  the  age 
of  sixteen,  Mr.  Den- 
nison went  to  Boston 
as   clerk    '\x\^  a   shoe 

store,  where  he  remained  six  months,  at  the  end  of 
which  time  he  took  a  situation  in  the  wholesale  dry 
goods  store  of  Sargent,  Stanfield  &  Chapin,  remaining 
with  that  house  three  years.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term  of  sendee  here  he  went  to  his  brother,  Aaron  L. 
Dennison,  then  a  watchmaker  and  jeweler  on  Washington 
Street,  Boston,  to  learn  the  trade  of  watchmaking.  After 
remaining  a  year  in  this  position,  he  was  sent  to  Bath, 
Me.,  with  a  stock  of  goods  to  establish  a  jewelry  store 


E.    W.    DENNISON 


in  Bath.  The  enterprise,  however,  was  not  a  success. 
While  waiting  for  something  to  turn  up,  he  found  that 
his  father's  place  in  Brunswick  was  much  in  need  of  a 
well,  and  he  turned  to  at  once,  dug  the  well  with  his 
own  hands,  and  made  a  good  and  successful  job  of  it. 
Mr.  E.  W.  Dennison  again  started  out,  in  the  year  1839, 
and  engaged  as  salesman  in  the  watchmaking  business 
on  Washington  Street,  Boston,  where  he  remained  only 
a  short  time,  going  soon  to  Bangor,  Me.,  to  engage  in 

the  watchmaking  and 
jewelry    business    in 
that  place.     After  re- 
maining there   eight 
years,  he  left,  the  en- 
terprise   proving,   as 
did  the  one  at  Bath, 
uniirofi  table.     His 
next  business  engage- 
ment was  in  Boston 
as    salesman   for   his 
brother  in  the  jewelry 
trade,    but    he   soon 
took  the   agency  for 
the  sale  of   jewelers' 
paper     boxes,     then 
being  made  by  ma- 
chinery by  his  father 
in    PSrunswick,    Me., 
and    the    first    to  be 
cut  by  machinery  in 
the   world.      To   ac- 
company these  jewel 
boxes  Mr.  Dennison 
soon  saw  the  neces- 
sity   for     small    tags 
which  had,  up  to  this 
time,  been  made  only 
in  Paris.     Here  was 
laid    the    foundation 
of  the  Dennison  Man- 
ufacturing Company,  which  is  now  employing  one  mil- 
lion dollars'  capital.     This  result  has  been  reached  simply 
by  Mr.   Dennison's    devotion  to    his  favorite    industry, 
which  was  really  of  his  own  creation,  and  by  the  energy 
with  which  he  inspired  his  helpers  until  his  death,  which 
occurred  Sept.  22,  1886.     The  present  business  of  the 
company  is  one  of  the  most  striking  instances  in  modern 
commercial  life  of  the  growth  of  a  great  and  successful 
industry  from  the  smallest  beginning. 


BOSTON. 


14  = 


PROMINENT  among  the  leading  lawyers  of  Boston 
is  George  Otis  Shattuck.     For  over  thirty  years  he 
has  been  adding  to  a  professional  reputation  which  was 
conspicuous  within  five   years  of  his  admission  to  the 
bar.     He  was  born  in  Andover,  Mass.,  May  2,  1829,  the 
sou  of  Joseph  and  Hannah  (Bailey)  Shattuck,  and  is  a 
descendant  of  William  Shattuck,  who  was  born  in  Eng- 
land about  the  year  1621,  who  came  to  Massachusetts 
and    died   Aug.    14,   1672,   at    Watertown,    Mass.     Mr. 
Shattuck's    grand- 
fathers    were      both 
soldiers  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary   War,    and 
his    maternal    great- 
grandfather,   Samuel 
Bailey,  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Bunker 
Hill.     After  taking  a 
preparatory   course 
at    Phillips   Andover 
Academy,  Mr.  Shat- 
tuck entered  Harvard 
College     and     grad- 
uated in  the'  class  of 
1 85 1.       .\mong    his 
classmates  were  Ex- 
Mayor     Green,    of 
Boston,  the  late  Gen- 
eral Francis  W.  Pal- 
frey, and    three   who 
are  now  professors  at 
Harvard:    W.    W. 
Goodwin,     professor 
of    Greek;    C.    C. 
Langdell,  dean  of  the 
Law    School,    and 
Charles    F.   Dunbar, 
professor  of  political 
economy.   Beginning 
the  study  of  law  with 

Charles  G.  Loring,  Mr.  Shattuck  attended  the  Harvard 
Law  School  two  years  and  graduated  in  1854.  In  1855 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  began  practice  with 
J.  Randolph  Coolidge.  In  1856  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Peleg  W.  Chandler,  which  continued  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1870.  Mr.  Shattuck  then  became  associated  with 
William  A.  Munroe,  and  later  Oliver  W'endell  Holmes,  Jr., 
was  admitted  to  the  firm  and  remained  a  member  until 
his  appointment  to  the  Supreme  Bench,  in  1882.     The 


firm  is  now  Shattuck  &  Munroe.  Mr.  Shattuck  has  been 
connected  as  counsel  with  a  great  number  of  corporation 
and  commercial  cases,  his  advice  being  often  sought  in 
suits  growing  out  of  the  pollution  of  rivers  and  involving 
the  value  of  water  privileges.  He  was  counsel  in  the 
Sudbury  River  water  cases,  and  in  the  Sayles  Bleachery 
case,  one  of  the  most  important  suits  that  has  been 
brought  in  Rhode  Island  for  many  years.  In  the  cele- 
brated  Andover   heresy   case    he    was  counsel  for  the 

trustees    of   the  cor- 
poration, and  in  the 
suit    involving    the 
preservation    of    the 
Old    South   Meeting 
House  he  was  coun- 
sel for  some  of   the 
pewholders.    Among 
the    qualities    that 
have    made    him    a 
leader  at  the  bar  may 
be  mentioned,  in  ad- 
dition to  professional 
learning    and     skill, 
a    great     knowledge 
of   men,    sagacity  in 
dealing  with  practical 
cpiestions  and  a  pe- 
culiar power  of  sym- 
pathy that  made  the 
interests  of  his  client 
his   own,  gave  ardor 
to   all   his    exertions 
and    enlisted    in  the 
client's   behalf,    in 
their  full  force,^reat 
intellectual  gifts,  and 
an  energy,  ingenuity 
and  persistence  rarely 
equalled.     The   only 
political  office  which 
he  ever  held  was  a  seat  in  the  Boston  Common  Council 
in  1862.     He  has  been  a  leading  director  and  adviser  in 
railroad  and  other  large  business  enterprises.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Har\ard  College, 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  and 
of  various  clubs.     He   was  married  in   1857  to  Emily, 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Susan  (Sprague)  Copeland,  of 
Roxbury.     They  have  one  daughter,  Susan,  the  wife  of 
Dr.  Arthur  Tracy  Cabot. 


GEORGE   0,    SHATTUCK. 


146 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN    SULLIVAN    DWIGHT  is  known  throughout 
America  as  an  authority  on  the  history  and  inter- 
pretation of  music.     His  father  was  Mr.  John  Dwight, 
who  was  graduated  from  Harvard  University  in  1800, 
and  his  mother  was  Mary  (Corey)  Dwight.     Mr.  Dwight 
was  born  in  Boston,  May  13,  1813,  and  most  of  his  long 
and  remarkable  life  has  been  spent  in  the  city  of  his 
nativity  or  near  to  it.     In  his  own  home,  and  in  a  pri- 
vate school   near  by,  he   received   his  early  education. 
He  later  entered  the 
grammar   and    Latin 
schools     in    Boston, 
where   for  five  years 
he  was  the  pupil  of 
B.  A.  Gould  and  F. 
P.    Leverett,     then 
famous    pedagogues. 
In   1828    he  entered 
Harvard     University 
and  was  graduated  in 
the    class    of     1832. 
He  immediately 
matriculated    in   the 
Har\  ard    Divinity 
School  and  was  grad- 
uated in  1836.     For 
six  years  he  was  an 
active     U  n  i  t  a  r  i  a  n 
preacher;     in     1840 
he  settled  in  North- 
ampton,   Mass.,   but 
remained  there  only 
one   year.     He   then 
joined     the     famous 
Brook  Farm  Associa- 
tion  at    Roxbury, 
Mass.,  an  association 
which,    rightly   or 
wrongly,  is   believed 
to  have  had  a  great 

formative  influence  upon  nearly  all  of  its  members.  In 
this  association  Mr.  Dwight  was  a  teacher  of  classics  and 
music,  and  dipped  a  little  into  farming  and  gardening  ; 
he  was  also  one  of  the  editors  of  the  "  Harbinger,"  a 
somewhat  noted  periodical  of  the  association.  As  a 
member  of  this  association  Mr.  Dwight  was  brought 
into  contact  with  many  then  young  men  who  afterward 
became  famous,  among  them  George  Ripley,  its  founder, 
George    P.  Bradford,   the  late   George   William  Curtis, 


JOHN    S.    DWIGHT, 


and  Charles  A.  Dana.  The  Rev.  William  Ellery  Chan- 
ning,  James  Kay  of  Philadelphia,  Margaret  Fuller, 
Ral]ih  Waldo  Emerson,  and  A.  Bronson  Alcott  were 
sometimes  visitors.  The  Curtis  brothers,  Quincy  A. 
Shaw,  and  James  Sturgis  were  there  as  sympathizers 
and  pupils.  Curious  as  was  this  experiment,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  note  that  hardly  one  of  its  members  failed 
to  become  more  or  less  famous.  In  April,  1853,  Mr. 
Dwight  established  "  Dwight's  Journal  of  Music,"  and 

this  capable  paper 
he  owned  and  edited 
until  September, 
1881.  Long  pre- 
vious to  this,  indeed 
as  early  as  1839,  he 
had  published  a  vol- 
ume of  translations 
of  the  smaller  and 
shorter  p  o  e  m  s  of 
Goethe  and  Schiller. 
His  tastes  were 
always  of  a  musical 
and  literary  charac- 
ter, and  in  his  home 
he  did  much  literary 
and  critical  work. 
Mr.  Dwight  was  mar- 
ried in  1 85 1  to  Mary, 
(laughter  of  Silas 
and  Mary  (Barrett) 
Bullard,  and  she 
died  in  i860,  leav- 
ing no  children.  Mr. 
Dwight  is  now  trus- 
tee of  the  Perkins 
Institution  and 
Massachusetts  School 
for  the  Blind.  In 
1874  Mr.  Dwight  was 
made  president  of 
the  Harvard  Musical  Association,  and  he  has  held  that 
office  continuously  since.  All  musicians  in  the  city  of 
Boston,  a  congenial  home  of  culture,  delight  to  say  that 
to  no  one  more  than  to  Mr.  Dwight  is  the  advance- 
ment of  the  musical  standing  and  taste  of  the  city  due. 
He  has  written  much  on  the  subject  of  music,  critical 
and  otherwise,  and  his  opinions  are  accepted  without 
question  by  lesser  lights  in  the  musical  world,  where  he 
is  regarded  as  an  honored  master. 


BOSTON. 


147 


FOR  over  two  centuries  the  Modern  Athens  has  been 
one  of  the  leading  centres  of  reHgious  and  theo- 
logical activity  in  the  United  States,  and  is  the  birth- 
place of  American  Congregationalism.     The  most  influ- 
ential advocate  in  New  England  of  the  doctrines  of  that 
large  body  is  the   Coiigrcgatitnialist,  whose  able  editor  is 
Rev.  Dr.  Albert  E.  Dunning.     He  was  born  Jan.  5,  1844, 
in  Brookfield,  Conn.     His  ancestors  on  both  his  father's 
and  his  mother's  side  were  resident  in  Connecticut  since 
colonial  times.      He 
inherited      member- 
ship   in    the   Society 
of  the  Cincinnati  by 
direct   descent  from 
Captain      David 
Beach,  a  member  of 
that   society  and  an 
ofificer  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary    War. 
There  are  only  thirty- 
five  members  of  the 
society  now  living 
in   Connecticut.     In 
1850  Mr.   Dunning's 
parents     removed 
from     Brookfield     to 
Bridge  water,    in 
Litchfield  County, 
and  here  he  attended 
the    public   schools. 
He  fitted  himself  for 
college   without   a  t  - 
tending  any  prepara- 
tory   school,    and 
entering  Yale  gradu- 
ated in  the  class   of 
1867.     During     the 
last  year  of   his  col- 
lege  course    he   was 
editor-in-chief  of  the 

"Yale  Literary  Magazine."  LTpon  the  completion  of  his 
collegiate  course  he  began  the  study  of  theology  at 
Andover,  and  was  graduated  from  that  institution  in 
1870.  He  was  immediately  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Highland  Congregational  Church,  Roxbury,  and 
remained  there  until  Jan.  i,  1881,  when  he  resigned 
to  accept  the  position  of  secretary  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Sunday-school  and  Publishing  Society,  and  greatly 
increased  the  efficiency  and  influence  of  that  organiza- 


\. 


ALBERT    E,    DUNNING 


tion.  He  has  been  for  nine  years  a  member  of  the 
International  Lesson  Committee  to  select  Sunday-school 
lessons  for  the  whole  Christian  world.  Dr.  Dunning  has 
published  two  books,  "  The  Sunday-school  Library  "  and 
"Bible  Studies,"  the  latter  of  which  has  been  exten- 
sively used  as  a  text-book  in  schools  and  colleges  in 
this  country,  and  has  been  republished  in  England.  Dr. 
Dunning's  labors  have  by  no  means  been  confined  to 
theological  and  doctrinal  fields.     He  has  taken  a  lively 

interest   in  Chautau- 
qua  work,   and    has 
been  superintendent 
of   instruction   for  a 
number  of  Chautau- 
qua  assemblies,    in- 
cluding   Lake    View 
i  n       Massachusetts, 
Ocean    Park,    and 
Fryeburg,  Me.,  Crete, 
Neb.,    and    Albany, 
Ga.     He    has    also 
had    charge    of    the 
Normal   Department 
at  Chautauqua,  N.  V. 
In    addition    to    this 
he  has  lectured  and 
taught    at    various 
other  assemblies, 
so    that    his    name 
i  s     widely    know  n 
throughout  the  coun- 
try.    In   1889    Dr. 
Dunning     became 
•editor-in-chief    of 
the  Congregationalist, 
which   position*  he 
now    occupies.      He 
is    a    forcible    and 
graceful   writer,   and 
has    sustained    the 
reputation  of  the    Congregationalist  for  ability  and  fair- 
ness in  its  treatment  both  of  religious  and  secular  topics. 
In  1887  Beloit  College  (Wisconsin)  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  divinity.     He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  first  International  Congregational  Council  in  London 
in  1 89 1,  and   took  an  active   part  in  the  proceedings 
of  that  important  convention.     Dr.  Dunning  was  mar- 
ried in  1870  to  Miss  Harriet  W.  Westbrook,  of  Peekskill, 
N.  Y.     They  have  four  children. 


148 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


A  MAN  who  has  done  his  part  to  flood  the  world 
with  beauty  is  Samuel  J.  Kitson.  Though  a  resi- 
dent of  Boston,  Mr.  Kitson  is  an  artist  of  the  pure  Greek 
school ;  his  art  life  has  been  a  most  prolific  one,  and  has 
left  a  decided  impression  upon  the  age ;  his  studio  is 
properly  situated  in  the  very  heart  of  Modern  Athens. 
And  it  is  here  that  he  has  pitched  his  artistic  tent. 
Samuel  James  Kitson  was  born  in  England,  Jan.  i,  1848. 
His  early  education  was  received  in  the  national  and 
private  schools  of 
"old  Yorkshire." 
He  devoted  two  years 
to  the  study  of  art  at 
the  Royal  Academy 
of  St.  Luke's,  at 
Rome,  Italy,  during 
which  novitiate  he 
secured  the  principal 
prizes  offered.  Mr. 
Kitson  was  the  first 
foreigner  who  was 
awarded  the  gold 
medal  prize  for  a 
statue  from  life.  His 
fi  r  s  t  work  at  St. 
Luke's  was  an  e.xqui- 
site  bust  of  Apollo. 
His  torso  of  the 
"Barberini  Fawn" 
captured  the  first 
prize,  while  the  sec- 
o  n  d  was  awarded 
him  for  natural  drap- 
ery in  bas-relief.  In 
the  second  year  Mr. 
Kitson  was  awarded 
the  three  first  prizes. 
Among  his  tutors  in 
Rome  were  the  emi- 
nent painter,  Podesti, 

and  Professor  Jacometi,  who  gave  the  young  sculptor 
the  entree  to  the  Vatican  Museum.  In  1873  Mr.  Kitson 
opened  a  studio  in  Rome  and  devoted  himself  to  ideal 
statues  and  portrait  busts,  producing  among  others  in 
Carrara  marble,  "The  Greek  Spinning  Girl,"  "Abel 
Waiting  for  the  Blessing,"  and  "  David,"  which  attracted 
much  favorable  comment  at  the  Royal  .Academy,  Lon- 
don. Among  Mr.  Kitson's  other  chief  works  are 
"Rebecca,"  "Nydia,"  "Young  Ambition,"  "Miriam," 


SAMUEL  J.    KITSON 


"Isaac,"  "Group  of  Hagar  and  Ishmael,"  and  "  Diana." 
His  first  visit  to  America  was  made  in  1879,  when  he 
received  a  commission  to  execute  a  bust  of  his  friend, 
Ole  Bull.  While  here  he  modelled,  in  an  improvised 
studio,  a  bust  of  Longfellow,  at  the  poet's  residence. 
He  also  made  busts  of  Bishop  Potter  and  Senator  Haw- 
ley.  After  one  year's  residence  in  America  he  returned 
to  Rome.  On  his  second  visit  to  America,  Mr.  Kitson 
was  commissioned  to  execute  the  sculptured  interior  of 

W.  K.  Vanderbilfs 
New  York  house, 
which  contains  some 
of  his  best  work.  He 
also  made  a  bust  of 
the  late  Samuel  J. 
Tilden.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  "  com- 
pany's room  "  of  the 
New  York  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany is  ornamented 
with  elaborate  clas- 
sical works  of  Mr. 
Kitson.  Henry  G. 
Marquand's  house  in 
New  York  contains 
many  beautiful  crea- 
tions of  his  brain  and 
chisel.  The  striking 
frieze  in  terra-cotta 
on  the  north  side  of 
the  Hartford  Soldiers 
and  Sailors  Monu- 
ment was  modelled 
by  him  in  1885.  The 
beautiful  monument 
over  the  grave  of 
General  Sheridan  at 
Arlington  is  the  work 
of  Mr.  Kitson.  It 
would  take  much  time  and  space  to  enumerate  the  works 
of  this  prolific  artist.  Among  them  is  a  bronze  bust  of 
the  eminent  publisher,  Daniel  Lothrop,  and  also  of 
Hon.  Elisha  S.  Converse  ;  a  striking  group  in  bronze, 
"The  American  Buffalo  Hunt,"  "Figure  of  History," 
busts  of  Archbishop  Williams,  Bishop  O'Reilly,  Cardinal 
Gibbons,  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  and  General  Devens.  Mr. 
Kitson  numbers  among  his  treasures  letters  of  apprecia- 
tion from  some  of  the  most  eminent  men  now  living. 


BOSTON. 


149 


TO  the  harmonizing  of   science  and  religion  Minot 
J.  Savage  has  devoted  the  last  twenty  odd  years  of 
his  life,  and  he  is,  without  question,  the  most  eminent 
disciple  of  Darwin  and  Spencer,  of  Jesus  and  Paul,  in 
the  American    pulpit  to-day.     Mr.  Savage   was  born  in 
Norridgewock,   Me.,  June  10,   1841,  the  son  of  Joseph 
L.  and  Ann  S.  Savage.     His   father  was   a  farmer,  and 
the  boy  studied  with  the  intention  of  entering  college 
and  fitting  himself  for  the   ministry.     He   had  been  a 
student    from    the 
time  he  was  first  able 
to   read.      Having 
been  brought  up   in 
the  Orthodo.x    faith, 
he  entered  the  Ban- 
gor  Theological 
Seminary,    and   was 
graduated    in     1864. 
His  ambition  was  to 
engage  in  missionary 
work,  and,  taking   a 
commission  from  the 
American    Home 
Missionary     Society, 
he  sailed  for  Califor- 
n  i  a   in    September, 
1S64,  three  days  after 
his  marriage  to  Ella 
A.,    the    daughter  of 
John    and    Ann    S. 
Dodge.  He  preached 
for  eighteen  months 
in  a  school-house  at 
San    Mateo,    twenty 
miles   south    of    San 
Francisco,  and   then 
for  a  time  in  Grass 
Valley,    among    the 
foot-hills  of  the  Sier- 
ras.     Returning    t  o 

Massachusetts,  he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Congre- 
gational Church  in  Framingham.  Two  years  later  he 
went  to  Hannibal,  Mo.,  where  he  remained  three  years 
and  a  half.  It  was  at  Hannibal  that  his  theological 
views  underwent  a  radical  change,  and  he  became  con- 
vinced that  he  must  leave  the  Orthodox  faith  for  a  freer 
field.  He  resigned  his  pastorate  and  was  called  to  the 
Third   Unitarian    Church    in    Chicago.      In    1874  the 


its  pastor,  and  here  he  has  remained  ever  since,  estab- 
lishing a  reputation  as  one  of  the  prominent  theologica 
teachers  of  the  day.  His  name  as  pulpit  orator  is  known 
wherever  the  English  language  is  spoken,  his  published 
sermons  having  a  very  wide  circulation  in  India,  South 
Africa,  Australia  and  Japan.  As  an  author,  Mr.  Sav- 
age's name  figures  conspicuously  in  the  religious  and 
critical  literature  of  America,  and  several  of  his  books 
have  been  republished  in  London.  He  is  an  evolution- 
ist, and  the  influence 
of  the  great  leaders 
of  modern  scientific 
thought  is  very  ap- 
parent in  most  of  his 
sermons.  The  rare 
combi  nation  of  a 
poetic  faculty  with 
a  sturdy  and  logical 
mind  is  his  chief 
characteristic.  H  i  s 
published  poems  are 
admired  by  thou- 
sands who  never  saw 
the  man.  Mr.  Sav- 
age is  an  earnest 
investigator  in  the 
realm  of  psychical 
research,  being  an 
active  member  of  the 
American  branch  of 
the  English  society. 
His  articles  in  the 
"Arena"  and  else- 
where on  mediumis- 
tic  phenomena  have 
attracted  the  widest 
attention.  Mr.  Sav- 
age's congregation  is 
eminently  an  intelli- 
gent one,  and  though 
a  radical  of  the  radicals,  his  chief  work  is  in  the  line  of 
reconstruction,  so  that  he  has  come  to  enjoy  the  esteem 
of  his  ministerial  contemporaries,  who  have  learned  to 
respect  his  earnestness,  as  well  as  the  loyal  attachment 
of  his  parishioners.  His  congregation  has  recently  voted 
to  sell  its  church  on  West  Newton  Street  and  move  to 
the  Back  Bay.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Savage  have  four  children, 
two  boys  and  two  girls.     The  eldest  son  is  in  the  senior 


MINOT  J,    SAVAGE. 


Church  of  the  Unity  in   Boston  invited  him  to  settle  as      class  at  Harvard. 


ISO 


MASSACHC^SETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD  T.  HARRINGTON,  who  is  a  pioneer  in 
the  real  estate  business  of  Boston  and  its  suburbs, 
has  made    his  own   and    his   firm's    name   well   known 
among  his  contemporaries  in  the  city.     He  was  born  in 
Bolton,   Worcester   County,  Mass.,  on   Dec.   14,   1842, 
being  the  eldest  son  of  Tyler  and  CaroHne  (Atherton) 
Harrington.     His  early  education  was  received  in   the 
public  schools  of  Worcester  and  vicinity.     In   1873  he 
came  to  Boston,  the   scene  of  his  later  successes,  and 
almost   at   once    en- 
tered the  real  estate 
business.      In     1S76 
he  formed  a  partner- 
ship   with    Benjamin 
C.  Putnam,  who  was 
himself  a  pioneer  in 
his    line.      Together 
they    continued    the 
then  prosperous  and 
growing  business  un- 
til   1882,    when    Mr. 
Harrington    sold  out 
his  interest,  with  the 
intention  of  retiring. 
But    the   hold    upon 
his  ambition  and  de- 
sire in  the  successful 
line  of  enterprise  in 
which    he   had    been 
engaged,    drew    him 
back    again    to    the 
active   walks  of   life, 
and    in     1885     he 
bought    the  business 
to  continue    it.     He 
admitted    his    book- 
keeper,    Charles     A. 
Gleason,    into    part- 
nership, and   Jan.   i, 
T890,  he  established 

the  present  well-known  firm  of  Edward  T.  Harrington 
cS:  Co.,  which  occupies  a  large  and  handsome  suite  of 
offices  in  the  comparatively  new  building,  No.  35  Con- 
gress Street.  In  the  real  estate  circles  of  Boston  no  firm 
is  better  known  than  that  of  which  Mr.  Harrington  is 
the  senior  partner.  The  firm  has  spent  fortunes  in  ad- 
vertising, and  that  these  have  been  well  sjient,  is  ap- 
parent when  the  volume  of  business  done  annually  is 
known.     Much  of  the  energy  of  the   firm  has  been  de- 


\'oted  to  the  work  of  enriching  and  building  up  the 
suburbs  of  Boston,  and  in  this  department  the  results 
shown  are  most  gratifying.  'I'he  selling  of  real  pro])erty 
is  a  specialty  with  the  firm,  and  in  this  work  it  employs 
fifteen  skilled  salesmen,  each  one  of  whom  has  a  district 
or  territory  exclusively  his  own.  This  is  a  feature  of  the 
business  introduced  by  Mr.  Harrington,  and  its  success  is 
attested  by  the  success  of  the  house.  Farm  property  also 
enters  largely  into  the  business  of  the  firm,  and  one  may 

see  in  many  direc- 
tions the  evidences 
of  the  enterprise  of 
the  house.  It  has 
been  a  theory,  which 
has  often  been 
yiroved  true  l)y  Mr. 
Harrington,  that  the 
building  of  half  a 
dozen  good  houses 
in  some  sightly  sub- 
urb enriched  sur- 
rounding property, 
and  led  others  to 
erect  handsome 
dwellings.  Mr.  Har- 
rington is  a  member 
of  Simon  W.  Robin- 
son Lodge,  F.  and 
A.  M.,  of  Lexington  ; 
Menotomy  Chapter 
of  Arlington  ;  Beau- 
s  a  n  t  Co m m a n d e ry , 
K.  T.,  of  Maiden; 
Oriental  Lodge, 
1.  ().  ().  F. ;  and'of 
Suffolk  Council, 
R.  A.  In  May, 
1882,  Mr.  Harrington 
was  married  to  Miss 
Miriam  A.,  eldest 
daughter  of  Luther  and  Rozan  Temple,  at  Worcester, 
Mass.  Their  home  is  in  Lexington  (East),  a  suburb 
of  Boston,  where  Mr.  Harrington  is  interested  in  every- 
thing that  pertains  to  the  benefit  of  the  town  or  its 
citizens.  The  suburbs  of  Boston  have  acquired  world- 
wide fame  for  their  beauty,  taste  of  arrangement,  and  the 
artistic  elegance  of  the  residences  that  make  them  what 
they  are.  In  this  work  of  improvement  and  enterprise, 
Mr.  Harrington  has  been,  and  is,  a  conspicuous  figure. 


EDWARD   T.    HARRINGTON. 


BOSTON. 


'51 


BOSTON    has   been    the    home    of   many    inventors 
whose  genius   has    revolutionized    the   mechanic 
arts  and  facilitated  industrial  progress.     B.  F.  Sturtevant 
was  such  a  man,  and  though  he  has  passed  away,  he  has 
left,  in  a  great  industry,  an  enduring  monument  to  his 
name.     It  was  about  thirty  years  ago  that  he  constructed 
his  first  fan  blower,  which,  in  its  many  applications,  has 
become  so  important  a  feature  not  only  in  mechanical 
but  in  social  life.     At  that  time  Mr.  Sturtevant,  having 
just  come  to  Boston 
from  his  birthplace  in 
Maine,   where    he 
learned  the  trade  of 
a  shoemaker,  was  in- 
venting and    experi- 
menting upon  a  ma- 
chine  for  pegging 
shoes.     This  experi- 
ence revealed  the  ne- 
cessity   of,    and    led 
him    to    invent    and 
place  upon  the  mar- 
ket, a  type  of   small 
fan  blower  for  remov- 
ing   by   suction    the 
fine  leather  dust  and 
clippings  from  buffing 
machines.     The  call 
for  these  fans  rapidly 
increasing,  he  estab- 
lished  a  small  shop 
in     Sudbury    Street, 
where   he    employed 
seven  or  eight  men. 
The    utility    of     the 
fans  was  quickly  ap- 
preciated,  and    they 
came  into  wide   use 
for   the    removal    of 
light  refuse  material 


from  all  classes  of  machines,  for  the  ventilation  of  apart- 
ments, and  for  the  blowing  of  boiler,  forge  and  cupola 
fires.  In  1866  Mr.  Sturtevant  received  the  order  for 
the  large  ventilating  fans  for  the  Capitol  at  Washington, 
and  built  what  were  then  the  largest  encased  fans  in  the 
country.  The  subsequent  construction  of  a  fan  wheel 
sixteen  feet  in  diameter,  for  the  Danvers  Insane  Asylum, 
was  at  that  time  looked  upon  as  a  remarkable  piece  of 
work.     Being  a^man  who  was  never  contented  until  he 


was  fully  master  of  all  matters  pertaining  to  his  business, 
Mr.  Sturtevant  made,  during  this  period,  his  extensive 
and  widely  known  experiments  upon  the  efficiency  and 
capacity  of  fan  blowers.  Few  men  would  ever  have 
carried  out  to  such  perfection  experiments  entirely  at 
their  own  expense.  But  the  time  and  money  thus  ex- 
pended were  repaid  a  thousand  times.  The  results  of 
these  experiments  were  gi\-en  to  the  public  in  a  series 
of  elaborate  catalogues,  containing  many  tables  of  great 

utility.     Constructed 
upon  scientific  prin- 
ciples, the  fans  have 
proved  themselves  in- 
valuable in  almost  all 
lines  of   trade.     The 
lack  of  room  and  the 
inconvenience    of    a 
city  shop  finally  com- 
])elled    the    removal, 
in  the  spring  of  1878, 
of  the  entire  plant  to 
Jamaica  Plain,  about 
three    miles   outside 
the    city   proper. 
Here  large  and  con- 
venient   shoijs    were 
erected,    and     addi- 
tions gradually  made 
until    they    form    at 
present    by    far    the 
most  extensive  works 
in  the  world  devoted 
to    the    manufacture 
of  fan  blowers.     The 
buildings,  which  are 
all  of  brick,  are  gen- 
erously supplied  with 
light   and    fresh    air, 
and  contain    all    the 
modern  improve- 
ments conducive  to  the  welfare  of  the  employees  and 
the  production  of    the  best  work.      The  establishment 
now  has  about  six  acres  of  available  floor  space,  and 
employs  over  five  hundred  men  in  the  various  depart- 
ments.    Mr.  Sturtevant's  strong  personality  is  still  evi- 
dent in  designs  and  unique  arrangements.     Mr.  E.  N. 
Foss  is  the  manager  of  the  B.  F.  Sturtevant  Company, 
and  branch  houses  and  salesrooms  are  maintained  in 
Boston,  New  York,  Chicago,  Philadelphia  and  London, 


B.    F.    STURTEVANT 


15  = 


MASSACHUSETl^S    OF    TO-DAY. 


HENRY  PARKMAN,  lawyer  and  man  of  affairs,  be- 
lieves with  Dr.  Holmes  that,  other  things  being 
equal,  a  family  tree  is  not  a  bad  thing  to  possess.  His 
family  represents  a  long  line  of  distinguished  New  Eng- 
landers.  Mr.  Parkman's  great-great-grandfather  was  the 
Rev.  Ebenezer  Parkman,  who  was  for  sixty  years  a  minis- 
ter of  Westboro',  Mass.  His  great-grandfather  lived  in 
Dorchester  in  1733.  The  sons  of  seven  generations  of 
this  family  have  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  and  none  of 
them  have  reflected 
discredit  upon  their 
birthplace  or  their 
alma  mater.  Henry 
Parkman,  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  Samuel  and 
Mary  E.  (D wight) 
Parkman,  was  born 
in  Boston,  May  23, 
1850.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  Mr. 
Dixwell's  and  other 
private  schools,  and 
graduated  from  Har- 
vard in  the  class  of 
1870.  He  studied 
in  the  Harvard  Law 
School  for  three 
years,  graduating  in 
1874.  The  same 
year  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  prac- 
tised in  the  ofifice  of 
William  G.  Russell 
for  several  years.  He 
is  now  engaged  in 
general  practice  with 
offices  at  No.  53 
State  Street.  He  is 
one  of  the  public 
administrators  of  Suf- 
folk County,  and  many  large  trusts  are  confided  to  his 
care.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican.  He  represented 
^Vard  9  in  the  Common  Council  for  six  years,  was  a 
member  of  the  lower  House  of  the  Legislature  in  1886, 
1887  and  1888,  serving  as  chairman  of  several  important 
committees,  and  was  in  1891  a  member  of  the  State 
Senate.  He  is  president  of  the  Boston  Athletic  Asso- 
ciation, and  a  member  of  the  Union  and  other  leading 
clubs.     Mr.  Parkman  has  resided  in  Boston  all  his  life. 


HENRY   PARKMAN 


He  is  earnest  and  enthusiastic  in  his  political  views,  and 
is  president  of  the  Republican  City  Committee,  to  the 
work  of  which  he  devotes  much  time  and  energy.  He 
has  been  for  ten  years  secretary  of  the  Provident 
Institution  for  Savings,  the  oldest  as  well  as  the  largest 
savings  bank  in  Boston.  Apart  from  his  legal  practice 
and  political  and  financial  work,  Mr.  Parkman  is  inter- 
ested in  many  philanthropical  and  progressive  institu- 
tions.    He  is  president  of  the  Boston  Training  School 

for  Nurses,  an  insti- 
tution,    the     wide- 
spread usefulness  of 
which    is   universally 
recognized.     Mr. 
Parkman     is    also 
president    of    the 
Adams  Nervine  Asy- 
lum.   Having  gained 
for  himself,  early  in 
life,   a   place    at   the 
top    of    the    ladder, 
Mr.   Parkman    bears 
his    honors  with  be- 
coming    modesty. 
He  keeps  up  his  in- 
t ere  St    in   athletics 
with  the  enthusiasm 
of  a  boy,  and  no  more 
fit  man  could  be  se- 
lected for  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Boston 
Athletic  Association. 
Although     burdened 
with     an     extensive 
law   practice,  Mr. 
Parkman    finds  time 
for    his   varied    and 
multifarious  interests 
in    outside    matters. 
He  is  a  true   Bosto- 
nian,  and    is    identified  with  the  best  interests  of   the 
city.     Mr.  Parkman  may  properly  be  classed  with  that 
branch  of  the  younger  men  of  New  England,  who,  while 
not  precocious  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  word,  have 
very  early  in  life    assumed    the  responsibilities  usually 
devolving  upon  men  of  more  advanced  years.     Mr.  Park- 
man  is  happily  married,  his  wife  having  been  Frances 
Parker,  daughter  of  Cortland  Parker,  of  Newark,  N.  J. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Parkman  have  one  child,  a  daughter. 


BOSTON. 


153 


THROUGH   his   work  as   an  architect,  and  in  the 
domain  of  social  science  and  industrial  statistics, 
Horace  G.  Wadlin  is  known  to  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts.     Like    many  boys  who  have  since  dis- 
tinguished themselves  in  the  public  life  of  New  England, 
Mr.  Wadlin  laid  the  foundation  of  his  education  in  the 
public  schools.     Although  he  is  known  as  a  successful 
architect,  the  trend  of  his  mind  peculiarly  fits  him  for 
the    statistical   determination   of   economic    and   social 
questions,    to   which 
he    is    earnestly   de- 
voted.    He  is  a  man 
of    varied    attain- 
ments,   and    being 
in   the  prime  of  life 
has  many  years  be- 
fore him  for  the  pur- 
suit   of    his  favorite 
studies,   and    the 
working  out  of  those 
abstruse  problems 
which  the  science  of 
statistics  presents  to 
i  t  s    votaries.       Mr. 
Wadlin  is  essentially 
a  man  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts of  to-day, 
and  is  one  of  the  co- 
terie of  bright,  active 
thinkers    who    keep 
the  mental  plane  of 
the  State  at  the  high 
altitude  it  has  always 
occupied.        Horace 
G.   Wadlin,  chief  of 
the      Massachusetts 
Bureau   of   Statistics 
of   I,abor,  was   born 
in    South     Reading, 
now     W  a  k  e  fi  e  1  d, 

Mass.,  Oct.  2,  1 85 1.  He  is  the  son  of  Daniel  H.  and 
Lucy  E.  (Brown)  Wadlin.  He  was  married  Sept.  8, 
1875,  to  Ella  Frances  Butterfield,  of  Wakefield,  and  now 
resides  in  Reading.  After  completing  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  and  by  private  instruction,  Mr.  Wad- 
lin studied  the  profession  of  architecture,  beginning 
independent  practice  in  Boston  in  1874,  his  special 
Inies  of  work  including  school,  municipal  and  domestic 
buildings.      Among  j^the    structures   erected   under   his 


HORACE   G,  WADLIN. 


supervision  are  the  Thornton  Academy  at  Saco,  the  fine 
new  high  school  at  Biddeford,  the  Richard  Sugden 
Library  at  Spencer,  and  numerous  private  residences  in 
the  vicinity  of  Boston.  In  1879  he  became  an  attache' 
of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor,  in  charge  of  special 
economic  subjects,  and  was  afterward  connected  with 
many  of  the  more  important  investigations  undertaken 
by  the  bureau.  In  the  decennial  census  of  1885  he  was 
chief  of   the    division   of  libraries  and  schools.      Upon 

the  resignatioji  of 
Colonel  Carroll  D. 
^Vright,  in  October, 
1888,  Mr.  Wadlin 
was  appointed  chief 
of  the  bureau,  retir- 
ing from  the  practice 
of  his  profession  to 
devote  his  entire  at- 
tention to  his  oiificial 
duties,  and  was  re- 
appointed in  1 89 1 
by  Governor  Russell. 
He  was  supervisor 
of  the  United  States 
census  in  1890,  con- 
ducting the  work  of 
enumeration  in  Mas- 
sachusetts.  Mr. 
\\'adlin  has  for  many 
years  been  a  member 
of  the  School  Com- 
mittee in  Reading, 
and  was  for  some 
time  its  chairman. 
He  is  now  chairman 
uf  the  trustees  of  the 
public  library.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  House 
of  Representatives 
in  1884,  1885,  1887  and  18S8,  serving  on  the  commit- 
tees on  the  census,  woman  suffrage,  education,  and 
railroads,  and  being  House  chairman  of  the  last  three. 
He  is  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  American  Statis- 
tical Association,  a  member  of  the  American  Social 
Science  Association,  and  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Political  and  Social  Science,  a  director  of  the  American 
Unitarian  Association,  and  a  frequent  lecturer  on  sub- 
jects connected  with  social  science,  history  and  art. 


'54 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  high-water  mark  of  the  Massachusetts  Democ- 
racy was  reached  in  the  year  1883,  when  the 
average  vote  for  the  Democratic  State  ticket,  excepting 
the  vote  for  governor,  was  145,000.  In  that  year  Noah 
A.  Plympton  was  in  charge  of  the  Democratic  cam- 
paign, and  to  his  shrewd  management,  perhaps  as  much 
as  to  any  other  cause,  General  Butler  owed  his  election 
as  governor  of  the  Commonwealth.  That  political  cam- 
paign will  not  be  forgotten  in  this  generation,  at  least. 
Mr.  Plympton  —  he 
is  known  everywhere 
as  "  Colonel "  Plymp- 
ton, though,  as  he 
himself  says,  he  re- 
ceived his  commis- 
sion as  colonel  only 
from  the  pen  of  a 
newspaper  writer  — 
was  born  in  Shrews- 
bury, Mass.,  Sept.  7, 
1 84 1.  After  attend- 
ing the  common 
schools,  he  was,  at 
the  age  of  sixteen 
years,  apprenticed  to 
the  watchmaker's 
trade  and  worked  at 
it  for  five  years. 
Until  1878  he  was 
engaged  in  the  watch 
and  jewelry  business 
in  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  was  elected  a 
member  of  the 
Democratic  State 
Central  Committee 
in  1880,  and  was 
chosen  chairman  of 
the  Executive  Com- 
mittee in  1882,  hav- 
ing entire  charge  of  the  campaigns  of  1882  and  1883, 
when  General  Butler  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
governor.  Mr.  Plympton  was  elected  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  State  Central  Committee  in  January,  1884, 
but  he  resigned  in  the  following  June,  and  since  that 
time  he  has  had  no  active  connection  with  politics.  He 
was  nominated  by  (lovernor  Butler  in  1883  for  the  office 
of  insurance  commissioner  of  the  Commonwealth,  but 
the  nomination  was  rejected  by  the  Executive   Council 


NOAH    A.    PLYMPTON. 


on  a  strict  party  vote.  In  May,  1883,  Insurance  Com- 
missioner Tarbox  appointed  him  examiner  for  the  Insur- 
ance Department  of  Massachusetts,  and  as  such  he 
examined  many  of  the  foreign  companies  doing  busi- 
ness in  this  State.  He  resigned  this  ofifice  May  i,  1884. 
Mr.  Plympton  had  been  appointed  in  1 880  general  agent 
for  Massachusetts  of  the  Penn  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company  of  Philadelphia,  and  held  the  position  until 
his  appointment  as    examiner  in  the  State    Insurance 

Department.  In 
May,  1884,  he  was 
re-appointed  general 
agent  of  the  Penn 
Mutual,  and  was 
made  general  man- 
ager of  its  New  F^ng- 
1  a  n  d  department, 
Nov.  I,  1884.  On 
that  date  he  formed 
a  copartnership  with 
Mr.  Bunting,  and  the 
insurance  firm  of 
Plympton  &  Bunting, 
general  managers  of 
t  h  e  New  England 
dejjartment  of  the 
P  e  n  n  Mutual,  has 
successfully  con- 
tinued business  ever 
since,  with  offices  at 
29  Milk  Street.  Mr. 
Plympton  was  elected 
member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the 
company  in  January, 
1S85,  and  is  still  a 
member  of  the  board. 
He  is  also  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on 
Medical  Department 
and  of  the  Committee  on  Accounts.  At  the  organization 
of  the  Butler  Club,  in  May,  1887,  Mr.  Plympton  was 
chosen  president,  and  has  been  annually  re-elected 
since  that  date.  He  is  a  member  of  Athelstan  Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  of  Worcester,  and  of  Worcester  Chapter, 
R.  A.  M.  In  1862  he  was  married  to  Miss  Helen  M. 
Flint,  of  Shrewsbury.  They  have  five  children,  the 
eldest  son  being  in  business  with  his  father,  and  a 
second  son  a  student  of  law. 


BOSTON. 


155 


HENRY  WALKER,  the  son  of  Ezra  and  Maria  A. 
\Valker,  was  born  and  educated  in  Isoston.  In 
the  Latin  School,  where  he  was  fitted  for  college,  he  won 
a  Franklin  medal,  and  other  prizes  for  scholarship.  He 
was  graduated  from  Harvard  LIniversity  in  the  class  of 
185s,  with  Alexander  Agassiz,  Phillips  Brooks,  W.  P.  P. 
Longfellow,  Theodore  Lyman,  F.  P.  Sanborn,  and  others, 
as  classmates.  L^pon  leaving  college  he  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Hutchins  &  Wheeler.  The  bombardment 
of  Fort  Sumter  be- 
gan on  April  12, 
1 86 1,  and  on  the 
15th,  as  adjutant  of 
the  Fourth  Regiment 
of  Massachusetts  In- 
fantry, he  entered 
the  military  service 
of  the  Ignited  States, 
being  the  first  Har- 
vard graduate  so  to 
do.  He  remained 
with  the  regiment 
during  its  term  of 
service,  taking  jiart 
in  the  battle  of  Big 
Bethel.  LTpon  re- 
turning to  Massa- 
chusetts, he  was 
appointed  lieutenant 
colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment which,  in  1862, 
was  reported  by 
Colonel  ."Xmory,  chief 
of  ordnance,  "  to  be 
in  a  better  condition 
than  any  militia  reg- 
iment in  the  State." 
When  not  in  the 
field.  Colonel  Walker 
was  actively  engaged 

in  raising  troops  and  in  other  work  relating  thereto.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Fourth  Regiment, 
and  went  with  it  to  the  Clulf  Department,  where  it  took 
part  in  all  the  military  operations  of  1863,  —  the  first 
march  to  Fort  Hudson,  the  Teche  expedition,  and  the 
siege  of  Fort  Hudson.  .Xt  the  close  of  his  term  of 
service  he  was  honorably  discharged,  receiving  this 
endorsement  from  General  Banks;  "He  was  an  hon- 
orable and  patriotic  officer ;  he  was  an  ardent  supporter 


HENRY   WALKER 


of  the  policy  of  the  war  and  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  adminis- 
tration ;  he  never  used  his  authority  for  personal  pur- 
poses, and  was  prompt  and  faithful  in  the  performance 
of  his  duties."  Colonel  Walker  was  detained  in  New 
Orleans  on  court-martial  duty  after  his  regiment  returned 
home.  Upon  the  promise  of  the  military  authorities, 
of  having  a  regiment  raised  in  Texas,  he  remained  there 
until  the  winter  of  1864.  Circumstances  prevented  this 
being  done,  and,  after  the  loss  of  much  time  and  labor, 

the     enterprise     was 
abandoned.     Upon 
his  return  to  Boston, 
Colonel    Walker   re- 
sumed   the    practice 
of     his      profession. 
He  was  license  com- 
missioner of  the  city 
from    May    i,    1877, 
to    July,    1878,    and 
police   commissioner 
from  April  30,  1879, 
to    April    22,    1882. 
During      1887      and 
1888  Colonel  Walker 
commanded  the  An- 
cient and  Honorable 
Artillery     Company, 
the    oldest    military 
organization  on   this 
continent,    and    pre- 
sided with  grace  and 
ability  on  the  occa- 
sion of  its  two  hun- 
dred and  fiftieth  an- 
niversary,    June     4, 
1888.      A  s   c  o  m  - 
mander,    he    visited 
England    to    partici- 
pate    in     the    three 
hundred  and  fiftieth 
anniversary  of    the   Honourable    Artillery  Company  of 
London.      Colonel   Walker   has    been    connected    with 
various  societies ;   has  been  for  twenty  years  treasurer 
of    Christ   Church,    Boston,   a   member  of   the  Demo- 
cratic   State    Central    Committee    many   years,  and   its 
chairman ;    has   been    lieutenant,    adjutant,    lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  colonel  in  the  State  Militia,  serving,  in  all, 
seven  years  ;  has  been  prominent  in  Grand  Army  circles, 
and  has  travelled  extensively. 


156 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


WHEN  a  man  gives  up  a  prosperous  business  to 
devote  himself  to  working  for  others,  it  is  be- 
cause "  the  things  which  are  seen"  are  less  potent  with 
him  than  "the  things  which  are  unseen,"  and  the  real 
is  less  than  the  ideal.  William  Henry  Baldwin  is  that 
type  of  man.     He  left  business  to  give  his  time  and  en- 


1868  (instituted  in  1851),  Mr.  Baldwin  was  chosen  its 
president.  He  was  not  previously  consulted  about  it, 
and  the  appointment  surprised  him  greatly.  After  some 
hesitation,  however,  he  accepted,  fully  intending,  as  then 
stated  by  him,  to  give  his  services  to  the  Union  for  only 
one  year,  and  then  re-engage  in  business.     The  work  of 


ergies  to  religio-philanthropic  work,  especially  among  the  Union,  however,  had  such  a  fascination  for  him,  and 
young  men,  and  the  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian  he  became  so  deeply  interested  in  its  growth  and  suc- 
Union,  with  its  membership   of  over  five  thousand,  at-      cess,  that  he  has  not  yet  resigned  the  presidency,  and 


tests  the  earnestness 
and  ability  ,  with 
which  he  has  carried 
on  its  work  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury, since  April, 
1868.  Born  in 
Brighton,  now  a  part 
of  Boston,  Oct.  20, 
1826,  Mr.  Baldwin 
received  his  educa- 
tional training  in  pub- 
lic and  private 
schools.  His  school 
days  being  ended,  he 
seried  as  clerk  for 
four  years  in  a  dry 
goods  store  at  Brigh- 
ton, and  after  that 
was  engaged  until 
1850  with  two  im- 
porting and  dry 
goods  jobbing  firms 
in  Boston.  In  that 
year  (1850)  he  went 
into  business  for  him- 
self, the  firm  name 
being  Baldwin,  Bax- 
ter &  Curry,  after- 
wards Baldwin  & 
Curry     (Mr.    Baxter 


^  fi 


WILLIAM    H.    BALDWIN, 


his  friends  and  ad- 
mirers earnestly  hojje 
that  it  may  be  many 
years  before  he  re- 
tires from  the  ofifice. 
Mr.  Baldwin  is  also 
president  of  the 
Children's  Mission  to 
the  Children  of  the 
Destitute;  vice- 
president  of  the  Na- 
tional Unitarian 
Church  Temperance 
Society ;  trustee  of 
the  Franklin  Savings 
Bank ;  member  o  f 
the  Bostonian  S  o  - 
ciety  and  of  the 
Boston  M  e  m  o  r  i  a  1 
Association  and  a 
director  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Society 
for  the  Prevention 
of  Cruelty  to  A  n  i  - 
mals.  He  has  also 
been  director  and 
president  of  the  Old 
Boston  School-boys' 
Association  ;  p  r  e  s  i- 
dent  of  the  Unitarian 
Sunday-school    Soci- 


died  in  1858),  importers  and  jobbers  of  woollens.     In  ety,  of  which  he  is  now  a  director,  and  a  member  of 

1865  Mr.  Baldwin  disposed  of  his  interest  in  the  firm  and  the  Boston  School  Committee.     These  are  some  of  the 

engaged    in    the   dry   goods    commission    business,    in  directions  in  which  his  interests  lie,  and  they  indicate 

which   he  remained   until    1868.     That   year   was    the  how  catholic    his  sympathies  are.     Though  profoundly 

turning  point   in  Mr.  Baldwin's  life.     Hitherto  he  had  interested  in  the  political  welfare  of  his  city  and  State, 

been  the  energetic  business  man,  deeply  interested,  it  Mr.  Baldwin's  other  duties  have    prevented   him  from 

is  true,  in  religious  and  philanthropic  subjects,  but  en-  accepting  public  office  of  a  pohtical  nature.     He  was 

grossed  in  mercantile  affairs.     Upon  the  reorganization  married    in   185 1   to  Mary  Augusta  Chaffee,  of  Boston. 

of  the  Boston   Young  Men's  Christian  Union  in  April,  Of  this  union  were  nine  children. 


BOSTON. 


157 


EDWARD  EVERETT  HALE  was  first   licensed  to 
preach  more  than  half  a  century  ago,  and  he  has 
been   hard  at  it  ever  since.     Preaching  by  word,  deed 
and  pen,  and  by  the  multiplied  influences  of  numberless 
organizations,  there  is  no  man  in  the  land  who  has  a 
larger  audience  than  his.     He  belongs  nearly  as  much 
to  Texas  and  Arizona  and  Australia  as  to  Boston.     In  a 
certain  sense  there  is  almost  gratuitous  impertinence  in 
praising  Edward  Everett  Hale.     It  is  like  praising  the 
sky  or  the  air  or  the 
elms  on  Boston  Com- 
mon.    He  is  an  in- 
stitution of  the  city's 
life,    as    sincere,    as 
untiring,    as    uncon- 
scious as  they.    Con- 
cerning   himself    he 
has  said  :  "  I  had  the 
great  luck  to  be  born 
in   the  middle    of   a 
large  family.     I  lived 
with    three    brothers 
and  three  sisters.     I 
was  the  fourth,  count- 
ing each  way.     I  was 
put  on  my  Latin  para- 
digms   when    I    was 
six  years  old,  and  I 
learned  them  reason- 
ably well.  We  limped 
through  a  Latin  ver- 
sion of  'Robinson 
Crusoe '  when  I  was 
eight  years  old.     But 
I    knew   nothing    of 
the    Latin   language, 
as  a  language,  till  I 
went    to    the  Boston 
Latin  School.     I  was 
ninth   in   a   class  of 

fifteen.  That  is  about  the  average  rank  which  I  generally 
had.  I  owe  my  education  chiefly  to  my  father,  my 
mother,  and  my  older  brother.  My  father  introduced 
the  railway  system  into  New  England  when  I  was  eleven 
years  old."  Dr.  Hale  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1839. 
His  first  regular  settlement  was  in  1846,  as  pastor  of  the 
Church  of  the  Unity  in  Worcester,  where  he  remained 
until  1S56.  In  that  year  he  was  called  to  the  South 
Congregational  (Unitarian)  Church  in  Boston,  where  he 


EDWARD    EVERETT    HALE 


still  preaches.  He  has  been  one  of  the  most  active  men 
in  our  national  literature  and  in  many  philanthropic 
movements.  His  pen  has  been  constantly  employed  in 
the  latter,  while  scores  of  volumes  attest  what  he  has 
done  in  the  former.  How  he  has  found  time  for  so 
much  work,  in  addition  to  his  pastoral  duties,  is  a 
mystery.  He  shows  the  marks  of  the  toil  of  the  scholar 
in  his  countenance,  but  his  general  health  has  been  sus- 
tained through  it  all,  and  he  is  in  full  physical  and  men- 
tal vigor  after  all 
these  years  of  earn- 
est work.  In  "My 
Double,  and  How  He 
Undid  Me,"  in  the 
"Man  Without  a 
Country,"  and  other 
short  stories,  he  has 
achieved  a  personal 
immortality  in  letters. 
Artist  as  he  has 
proved  himself  to  be, 
his  work  in  fiction 
has  never  been  done 
for  art's  sake,  but  for 
the  sake  of  all  hu- 
manity. His  book, 
"  Ten  Times  One  is 
Ten,"  led  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  clubs 
devoted  to  charity, 
which  are  now  scat- 
tered throughout  the 
Ignited  States,  with 
chapters  in  Europe, 
Asia,  Africa  and  the 
islands  of  the  Pacific. 
At  the  celebration  of 
Dr.  Hale's  seven- 
tieth birthday,  in 
April,  1892,  there 
was  gathered  a  distinguished  assembly  of  Boston's  lead- 
ing men,  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  contributing  a  poetical 
tribute,  entitled  "The  Living  Dynamo."  Nov.  10,1892, 
Dr.  Hale  occupied  the  pulpit  in  Berlin,  Mass.,  from 
which  he  had  preached  his  first  sermon  just  fifty  years 
before.  He  was  married  in  1852  to  Emily  Baldwin 
Perkins,  of  Hartford,  Conn.  They  have  had  eight  chil- 
dren, of  whom  six  are  living.  Dr  Hale  resides  in  Rox- 
bury. 


158 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


BANKER,  writer  on  public  topics,  and  man  of  busi- 
ness, Hosea  Starr  Ballou  is  a  rei)resentative  New 
Englander  and  a  sterling  son  of  Massachusetts.     As  the 
name  implies,  the  family  is  of  French  extraction.     Ma- 
turin    Ballou,    Huguenot,  the    first   American   ancestor, 
came  to   Rhode  Island  about  1645,  ^"d  was  a  landed 
proprietor  with  Roger  Williams   in  Providence.     Forty 
years  before  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  in 
1685    (when  the  Bowdoins,  the  Faneuils  and  so  many 
other   honored    Hu- 
guenot families  found 
a  refuge  in  the  New 
World),     Maturin 
Ballou    had    already 
fixed    his    home    in 
Providence.    He  had 
died,  and    his    sons, 
the    second    genera- 
tion   of    Ballous    in 
America,    were   al- 
ready     freeholders 
when  the  little  Narra- 
gansett  settlement 
was    burned    in    the 
famous  War  of  King 
Philip,  in   1675.     Of 
the  distinguished 
progeny   of    Maturin 
Ballou   was    Hosea 
Ballou,  the  father  of 
modern    Universal- 
ism,  who  died  in  Bos- 
ton in  1852.  Another 
Hosea     Ballou,    h  i  s 
grandnephew,     was 
also  a   distinguished 
Universalist     clergy- 
man and  editor.    He 
was     the    author    of 
"The   Ancient    His- 
tory of  Universalism,"  a  monumental  work  which  earned 
for  him  the  degree  of  D.  C.  L.  from  Harvard  College. 
He  was  first  jjresident  of  Tufts   College,  where  he  died 
May  27,  1861.     Elizabeth  Ballou  Garfield,  mother  of  the 
late  President  Garfield,  was  a  descendant  in  the   sixth 
generation   from    the  original    Maturin  Ballou.     Hosea 
Starr  Ballou,  of  Boston,  nephew  of  the  second   Hosea, 
represents    the    eighth    generation    in   America  of   this 
eminent  family.     Son  of  a  Universalist  clergyman,  who 


HOSEA   STARR    BALLOU. 


in  the  fifties  also  dealt  considerably  in  Illinois  real 
estate,  he  was  born  in  North  Orange,  Mass.,  Feb.  9, 
1857.  He  was  educated  at  Williston  Seminary,  Harvard 
College,  the  University  of  Berlin,  (lermany,  and  the 
Collbge  de  France,  Paris.  In  1870  the  business  of 
the  Ballou  Banking  Company  was  established.  Since 
the  incorporation  of  the  institution  Mr.  Ballou  has 
been  the  president.  He  has  won  for  his  banking 
house  the  implicit  confidence  of  the  investing  ])ublic. 

The  Ballou  Banking 
Company  has  offices 
in  Boston,  Philadel- 
phia, Baltimore, 
Sioux  City,  and  in 
other  cities  of  the 
United  States  and 
Europe.  The  Boston 
offices  are  in  the 
Ei|uitable  Building, 
and  it  is  here  that 
Mr.  Ballou  gives  his 
personal  attention  to 
the  direction  of  the 
large  business  of  the 
t  a  banking  company  in 

3^^^  municipal,    water, 

^^Hfetakt  gas  and    street    rail- 

'^^^^^^^^'  way     bonds,     mort- 

^  gages,   commercial 

paper,  central  store 
property,  leased  for 
a  long  term  of  years, 
in  Chicago,  Minne- 
apolis, St.  Paul, 
Sioux  City  and 
Omaha.  His  intelli- 
-     •  gent     discrimina- 

tion and  well- 
directed  efforts  have 
brought  these  cities 
and  the  tributary  country  much  nearer  to  the  Eastern 
investing  public.  But  it  is  not  in  business  and  financial 
circles  only  that  Hosea  Starr  Ballou  is  known.  He  is 
an  original  thinker,  and  has  contributed  many  articles  to 
the  press,  on  European  systems  of  education,  and  on 
matters  of  public  polity,  covering  a  wide  range  of 
thought.  He  has  travelled  extensively,  and  has  pub- 
lished many  short  sketches  of  travel,  notably  on  Southern 
Italy,  and  on  Sweden,  Norway  and  Denmark. 


BOSTON. 


159 


MASSACHUSETTS  stands  for  many  things,  but  for 
nothing  more  distinctly  than  for  popular  educa- 
tion.    Her  public  schools  have  given  her  a  supremacy 
in  the  educational  world  equal  to  that  held  by  the  Em- 
pire State  in  the  commercial  world.     The  growth  and 
widening  influence  of  the  common  school  system  are  in 
no  small  measure  due  to  the  conservative,  yet  progres- 
sive, policy  of  the  State  Board  of  Education.     Of  this 
board,  John  Woodbridge  Dickinson  is  the  efficient  sec- 
retary.    His    early 
years  were  passed  in 
South  Williamstown, 
Mass.     He    was   the 
youngest  but  one  of 
a  family  of  nine  chil- 
dren.    At  the  age  of 
nine    years    he    was 
put    to  work  on  the 
farm  during  the  sum- 
mer months,  attend- 
ing school  for  a  few 
weeks     only    during 
the  winter.     Having 
a  strong  desire  for  a 
liberal  education,  he 
passed    through    his 
preparatory  course 
of   studies  at   Grey- 
lock  Institute,  South 
Williamstown,  and  at 
Williston    Seminary, 
Easthampton,      and 
entered     Williams 
College    in    1848, 
graduating  with  clas- 
sical honors  in  1852. 
The    same    year    he 
was  appointed  assist- 
ant  teacher   in   the 
State  Normal  School 

at  Westfield,  and  four  years  later  was  made  its  princi- 
pal. For  twenty-one  years  he  performed  the  duties  of 
his  office  with  marked  ability  and  success,  preparing  for 
the  service  of  the  State  a  large  number  of  teachers,  well 
trained  in  the  philosophy  and  art  of  teaching,  and  gaining 
for  the  school  a  national  reputation.  Mr.  Dickinson 
early  became  a  diligent  and  successful  student  of  peda- 
gogical science.  He  was  among  the  first  to  introduce 
those  reforms  in  methods  of  teaching  which  have  since 


JOHN    W.    DICKINSON 


been  working  their  way  into  the  best  schools  of  the 
country.  He  trained  his  classes  in  the  use  of  the  ana- 
lytic oljjective  method  of  study  and  teaching,  in  present- 
ing to  their  own  minds,  or  to  the  minds  of  others, 
any  branch  of  learning,  whether  subject  or  object.  In 
1877  Mr.  Dickinson  was  called  to  the  office  of  secretary 
of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education.  His  expe- 
rience as  teacher  had  well  fitted  him  for  the  new  posi- 
tion.    During  his  term  of  service  the  cause  of  popular 

education  has  made 
great  progress  in  the 
Commonwealth.  The 
normal  schools  have 
grown  strong  in  pub- 
lic favor ;  the  teach- 
ers'   institutes    have 
been  made    to  con- 
tribute more  directly 
to    an  improvement 
in    the    methods   of 
teaching ;    the    final 
abolition    of    the 
school    district    sys- 
tem has  been  accom- 
plished ;  the  children 
of    the   C  o  m  m  o  n  - 
wealth    have  been 
provided    with    free 
text-books,  and   the 
small    towns   of    the 
State  have  been  aided 
in    supplying   them- 
selves   with    well- 
trained      school 
superintendents. 
Mr.  Dickinson's  an- 
nual   reports  hold  a 
high    rank    among 
educational  works, 
on  account   of  their 
pedagogical  value.     Through    his    public  addresses  be- 
fore educational  associations,  and  through  his  manage- 
ment of  the  pedagogical  department  of  the  Chautauqua 
University,  he  has  exerted  a  strong  influence  upon  the 
teachers  of  the  country.     In    1S56  Mr.  Dickinson  was 
married  to  Arexina  G.  Parsons,  of  North  Yarmouth,  Me. 
She  was  a  graduate  of  Bradford  Female  Seminary,  and  a 
successful  teacher.     She  died  in  1892.     There  are  two 
children,  John  Worthington  and  Susie  Allen. 


i6o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE   celebrated   reformer   and    Universalist   divine, 
Alonzo  Ames  Miner,   son  of  Benajah  Ames  and 
Amanda    (Carey)   Miner,  was  born   Aug.   17,   1814,   in 
Lempster,  N.  H.     He  is  the  grandson  of  Cliarles  Miner, 
a    Revolutionary   soldier,    and    descendant  of    Thomas 
Miner,  who  came  to  Charlestown  in  1630.     His  English 
ancestor,    Henry   BuUman,   in    1356    was    honored    by 
Edward  HI.  with  a  coat  of  arms.     From  his  sixteenth 
to  his  twentieth  year,  Dr.  Miner  taught  in  jjublic  schools. 
He     was    associated 
with  James  Garvin  in 
1834-35  in  the  joint 
conduct  of  the  Cav- 
endish   (Vt.)    Acad- 
emy, and  from   1835 
to  1839    was   at    the 
head   of    the    Unity 
(N.    H.)     Scientific 
and    Military   Acad- 
emy.     In    1838    he 
received  the    fellow- 
ship of  the  Universa- 
list church,  and  was 
ordained  to  its  min- 
istry in  1839.     After 
a  three  years'  pastor- 
ate   in    M  e  t  h  u  e  n , 
Mass.,  and  six  years 
in  Lowell,  he  became 
the  colleague  of  the 
ve  nerable  H  o  s  ea 
Ballou  and  successor 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  E.  H. 
Chapin    in    1848,  at 
the   Second   Univer- 
salist church  of  Bos- 
ton.    This  pastorate 
still   continues.     Dr. 
Miner   has  always 
been    closely    con- 
nected  with    educational  work,   having  served   on   the 
school  boards  of  Methuen,  Lowell  and  Boston,  and  on 
the  Board  of  Overseers  of  Harvard  College.    From  1862 
to  1875  he  was  president  of  Tufts  College,  retaining  his 
Boston  pastorate.     An  ardent  friend  of  the  college,  he 
made  the  address  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone,  and 
among  other  donations  to  it  has  given  forty  thousand 
dollars    for  a  theological  hall.     He  is  now  serving  his 
twenty-fourth  year  on  the  State  Board  of  Education,  and 


for  nearly  twenty  years  has  been  chairman  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors  of  the  State  Normal  Art  School,  which  he 
was  largely  influential  in  establishing.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Sci- 
ence and  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American 
Peace  Society.  He  was  for  twenty  years  president  of 
the  Massachusetts  'I'emperance  Alliance,  and  preached 
the  election  sermon  before  the  Legislature  in  18S4, 
which  he  handled  so  severely  that  it  repealed   the  law 

providing  for  the  an- 
nual election  sermon. 
To    perpetuate    the 
Prohibitory      party 
work,  1  )r.  Miner  per- 
mitted the  use  of  his 
name    as    candidate 
for  governor   of   the 
State  when  the  poli- 
ticians    had     fright- 
ened all  others  from 
the  field.     He  deliv- 
ered the  civic  oration 
July 4, 1 85 5  ;  received 
the  honorary  degree 
of  A.  M.  from  Tufts 
College,    1861; 
S.  T.   D.  from  Har- 
vard,     1 863  ;     and 
LL.  D.    from   Tufts, 
1875.     He   has  offi- 
ciated   at   nearly 
twenty-three  hundred 
funerals   and    solem- 
nized   nearly   three 
thousand    marriages. 
He  is  also  president 
of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  trustees 
of  Tufts  College, 
president  of  the 
trustees  of    the    Bromfield   School  at   Harvard,  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  Dean  Academy,  at  Franklin,  and  of 
the  trustees  and  board  of  directors  of  the  LTniversalist 
Publishing  House,  now  located  at  No.  30  \N'est  Street, 
Boston,  of  which  he  was  the  originator.     Dr.  Miner  is  a 
man  of  striking  individuality  and  intense  activity.     His 
great  ca].)acity  for  work  has  enabled  him  to  crowd  the 
labor  of  several  life- times  into   one,   and   through    his 
marked  originality  he  is  an  impressive  factor  in  Boston  life. 


ALONZO    A.    MINER 


BOSTON. 


I6l 


THE  man  who  first  predicted  the  practical  use  of 
electricity  for  street  railways  must  not  pass  with- 
out notice  in  any  story  of  Massachusetts,  although 
death  has  removed  him  from  the  sphere  of  his  work. 
Calvin  Allen  Richards  was  born  in  Dorchester,  Mass., 
March  4,  1828.  He  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  in  and  around  Boston,  and  left  school  at 
an  early  age  to  assist  his  father,  Isaiah  D.  Richards,  in 
his  business.  He  soon  exhibited  the  executive  ability 
which  was  so  power- 
fully felt  in  his  after- 
life. In  I  8  5  2  he 
married  Ann  R.  Bab- 
cock,  daughter  of 
Dexter  Babcock, 
who  is  now  living, 
an  honored,  retired 
merchant,  in  his 
ninety -sixth  year. 
Two  children  were 
born  of  this  union — 
a  son  who  died  in 
1863,  and  a  daughter 
who  survives  him. 
He  remained  in 
business  with  his 
father  and  brothers 
until  1 86 1,  when  he 
opened  a  large  es- 
tablishment on 
Washington  Street, 
and  it  was  in  this 
location  that  he 
amassed  the  bulk  of 
his  fortune.  He  was 
in  the  C  o  m  m  o  n 
Council  of  Boston  in 
1858,  1859,  and 
1861,  and  in  1862  he 
was    an    alderman. 

In  1874  he  became  a  prominent  director  of  the  Met- 
ropolitan Street  Railroad,  and,  shortly  after,  its  presi- 
dent. The  Metropolitan  Railroad,  under  his  direction, 
became  one  of  the  largest  and  best  managed  in  the 
country.  He  worked  most  zealously  for  the  interests  of 
the  stockholders.  In  all  labor  disturbances  it  was  his 
habit  to  appear  personally  before  the  different  organiza- 
tions and  adjust  matters  amicably.  In  1885  Mr.  Rich- 
ards  became   the    president   of    the    American   Street 


Railway  Association,  composed  of  the  executive  officers 
of  almost  all  the  railroads  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  He  was  almost  the  first  man  to  predict  the 
use  of  electric  power  for  street  cars,  which  he  did  in  a 
magnificent  speech  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel,  in  New 
York,  in  October,  1884.  He  was  greatly  beloved  by  his 
associates  in  this  organization,  and  always  received  an 
earnest  invitation  to  attend  the  conventions  long  after 
he  turned  aside  from  railroad  life.  Mr.  Richards  be- 
came associated  with 
the  new  West  End 
organization  under 
President  Whitney, 
but  soon  resigned. 
For  a  short  time 
afterwards  he  was 
connected  with  the 
Boston  Heating 
Company,  but  soon 
retired  to  private  life 
after  purchasing  and 
remodelling  the  large 
office  building,  No. 
114  State  Street, 
which  bears  his 
name.  The  con- 
struction  of  this 
building  was  the 
closing  act  of  Mr. 
Richards's  business 
life,  as  he  was 
stricken  with  the 
grip  immediately  af- 
ter its  completion, 
in  January,  1890. 
His  family  and 
friends  saw  him  fail- 
ing quite  rapidly  for 
about  two  months 
before  his  death. 
He  had  been  out  on  Monday  morning  (Feb.  15,  1892), 
for  a  short  drive,  and  had  answered  a  telephone  call  but 
a  short  half  hour  before  he  fell  dead,  his  death  being 
instantaneous,  without  one  moment  of  suffering.  His 
life  needs  no  eulogy  for  those  who  knew  him — a  strong, 
firm,  conscientious  business  man,  who  contributed  much 
to  the  marvellous  development  of  the  street  railway  sys- 
tem in  Boston,  achieved  a  wonderful  success,  and  left 
an  ample  fortune. 


CALVIN    A.    RICHARDS. 


1 62 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


IN    the  year  1887,  a  young  man  was  elected  to  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  from  Mel- 
rose.    No  one  dreamed  at  the  time  that  he  was  going 
to  make  an  epoch  for  himself  in  the  Republican  politics 
of  the   Commonwealth,  be  chosen  for  five  consecutive 
years  as  speaker  of  the  House — the  fourth  time  with 
absolute  unanimity — and  be  conspicuous  among  those 
who   were   considered    worthy   of   the    highest    honors 
within  the  gift  of  the  party.     William  Emerson  Barrett's 
rise  will  long  be  re- 
counted  among   the 
marvels  in  the  history 
of  Massachusetts  pol- 
itics.   He  is  the  most 
aggressive      political 
fighter  in  the  State, 
and  many  a  time  has 
snatched    a   brilliant 
victory  from  the  edge 
of  defeat.     Whatever 
remains   for   him    of 
political    honors,  his 
fifth  year  in  the  chair 
has  brought  him  an 
unchallenged     place 
among  the   memora- 
ble speakers   of   the 
House.       Not  alone 
in  politics,  however, 
has  his  career  been 
most    striking    and 
exceptional.    Taking 
the  charge  of  a  paper 
injured  by  poor  man- 
agement,    he     has 
placed  it  on  a  solid 
financial    basis    and 
regained    for    it    its 
old-time  position  in 
moulding  the  public 

opinion  of  New  England.  \  meagre  outline  of  the  life 
story  of  Mr.  Barrett  is  as  follows  :  He  was  born  in  .Mel- 
rose, Mass.,  Dec.  29,  185S,  the  son  of  Augustus  and 
Sarah  (Emerson)  Barrett.  His  education,  begun  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  was  continued  in  the 
high  school  of  Claremont,  N.  H.,  where  his  father  was 
engaged  in  manufacture,  and  completed  at  Dartmouth 
College,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1880.  A  few 
months  later  he  went  to  work  on  the  St.  Albans  (Vt.) 


WILLIAM    E.    BARRETT 


Messenger,  and  remained  there  two  years.  In  1882  he 
came  to  Boston,  obtained  a  position  on  the  Daily 
Advertiser,  and,  after  a  preliminary  experience  as  special 
correspondent  in  Maine  during  the  campaign  of  that 
year,  was  sent  to  Washington  as  the  regular  correspond- 
ent of  the  paper.  At  the  capital  he  developed  rapidly, 
and  soon  became  one  of  the  best-known  Washington 
correspondents  in  the  country,  his  note  and  comment 
on  political  and  other  movements  being  often  brilliant, 

and    always     bright. 
During  the    national 
campaign    of    1884, 
Mr.  Barrett's    letters 
from  the  "  doubtful  " 
States    were    among 
the    most    important 
and     interesting 
contributions    to 
campaign    literature, 
giving   a    perfectly 
unbiassed  account 
of  the  situation.     In 
June,  1886,  Mr.  Bar- 
rett was  recalled 
from  Washington  and 
made  managing  edi- 
tor of  the  Advertiser, 
subsequently  becom- 
ing the  publisher  and 
leading  owner  of  the 
property.      He    is 
now  president  of  the 
Advertiser   News- 
paper Company  and 
publisher    of    the 
Advertiser    and    the 
Evening   Reeord, 
the    latter  —  one    of 
the  liveliest  and  most 
out-spoken  Republi- 
can papers  in  America  —  being  the  first  successful  Bos- 
ton cent  paper.      In  1887  Mr.  Barrett  was  elected  to 
the  lower  House  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  and 
has  been  re-elected  annually  ever  since,  and  its  speaker 
since  18S9.     He  is  a  member  of  a  number  of  business 
corporations,  of  political  and   social  clubs,  and  of  the 
Masonic  Order.     He  was  married  in  1887  to  Miss  Annie 
L.  Bailey,  of  Claremont,  N.  H.     They  have  two  children, 
a  daughter  and  a  son. 


BOSTON. 


163 


THE  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  is  conceded  by  all 
critics  and  musicians  to  be  the  finest  one  in  this 
country,  and  one  of  the  four  or  five  best  in  the  world. 
Hence  the  musical  rank  of  its  leader,  Arthur  Nikisch, 
is  undisputed.     He  was  born  Oct.  12,  1855,  in  a  small 
town  called  .Szent-Miklos,  in  the  principality  of  Liech- 
tenstein, Germany.     His  father  was  head  auditor  and 
steward  to  the  prince,  and  an  enthusiastic  musical  ama- 
teur.    In  early  childhood  the  boy  showed  such  extraor- 
dinary   talent    that 
his    parents    deter- 
mined    to    educate 
him    as   a  musician. 
He  began  his  studies 
with    the    violin,  and 
mastered  this  instru- 
ment with  such  ease, 
and    so    completely, 
that   at   the    age    of 
eight  he  appeared  in 
public  with  great  suc- 
cess.    When  he  was 
eleven   years  old  he 
entered     the    Royal 
Conservatory    in 
Vienna,    devoting 
himself    to    all    the 
technical  branches  of 
composition,  and  two 
years   later    he   won 
the  first  prize  in  open 
competition    for    a 
sextet.    He  remained 
at    the    conservatory 
for  eight  years.    One 
of   his   compositions 

—  a  cantata  for  solo, 
chorus  and  orchestra 

—  was  so  successful 
as   to   be  constantly 

repeated,  and,  as  a  special  honor,  on  the  occasion  of  his 
graduating  from  the  conservatory,  he  publicly  con- 
ducted a  symphony.  He  was  immensely  popular  with 
all  his  fellow-students,  among  whom  were  Motte  and 
Faure.  After  graduation,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
first  violinists  at  the  Royal  Opera  in  Vienna,  and  in  187S 
he  went  with  Angelo  Neumann  to  Leipsic,  as  assistant 
conductor  in  the  Old  Opera  House,  where  at  that  time 
Anton   Seidl  was  officiatinsr  as    chief   conductor.     The 


ARTHUR    NIKISCH 


following  year  Herr  Nikisch  was  transferred  to  the  New 
Opera  House,  where  he  remained  until  1889,  when  his 
services  were  secured  for  the  Boston  Symphony  Orches- 
tra by  Henry  L.  Higginson.  Under  Herr  Nikisch's 
direction  the  Leipsic  Theatre  orchestra  gained  a  Eu- 
ropean fame  which  entitled  it  to  an  equal,  or  even  supe- 
rior, place  to  the  Gewandhaus  orchestra,  which  had  long 
been  regarded  as  the  best  in  the  world.  .\  performance 
of  the  colossal  Ninth   Symphony,  which  Herr  Nikisch 

conducted    in    1882, 
was  said  to  have  been 
the  most  magnificent 
ever  given,  while  the 
superb     manner    i  n 
which  he  conducted 
the    concerts  of  the 
Tonkuenstler  -  V  e  r  - 
sammlung    in     1 8S3 
brought  him    a  pro- 
fusion of  orders  and 
decorations  from  all 
over  Germany.    Herr 
Nikisch  has  won  the 
rare    distinction    o  f 
being  able    to    con- 
duct the  long  Wagner 
operas  without  once 
looking  at  the  notes. 
On  one  occasion  he 
was   conducting   the 
Ninth    Symphony 
without    looking    at 
the   score.     He  sud- 
denly   stopped,   and 
told  the  players  that 
they  were  not  rea"d- 
ing  the  passage  right. 
They  assured  him  it 
was  according  to  the 
score,  but  he  insisted 
that  the  score  was  wrong.     On  looking  the  matter  up 
they  found   that    Herr  Nikisch  was   right,  and  that  an 
error  had  been  made  in  transcribing  the  notes.     Herr 
Nikisch  has  fully  maintained  the  high  artistic  standard 
which  his  predecessor,  Herr  Gericke,  set  for  the  Sym- 
phony concerts.     He    is  married,  and    has  a  family  of 
interesting  children.     His  wife  was  an  opera  singer  of 
considerable   note    in  Germany,  and  she  has  appeared 
with  success  on  the  American  concert  stage. 


1 64 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


AS  soldier,  man  of  affairs  and  patron  of  the  arts  and 
sciences,  Nathan  Appleton   is  one  of  the  active 
and   useful    men   of   his   generation.     He  was  born  in 
Boston,  Feb.  2,  1843,  the  youngest  son  of  Nathan  and 
Harriot    Coffin    (Sumner)    Appleton.      Graduating    at 
Harvard  in  1863,  he  was  commissioned  second  lieuten- 
ant in  the   Fifth  Massachusetts  Battery,  and  served  in 
the  autumn  campaign  of  1863  in  Virginia.     At  one  of 
the  engagements  subsequent  to  the  Wilderness  he  was 
severely  wounded, 
and  was  brevetted 
captain  for  gallantry. 
Resuming  his  duties 
as  aid  on  the  staff  of 
General  Wainwright, 
he    was    present    at 
the    battle    of    Five 
Forks   and    the   sur- 
render  of   Lee.     As 
delegate  of  the  Bos- 
ton Board  of  Trade, 
he    was    present    at 
the   opening   of   the 
Suez   Canal,  in  1869, 
being,  with   one  ex- 
ception,   the    only 
accredited  represen- 
tative of  his  country 
on    that     occasion. 
He    contributed 
largely  to  the  French 
representation  at  the 
Centennial     Exposi- 
tion in  Philadelphia. 
He  has  been  a  direc- 
tor in  the  American 
Metric   Bureau,    and 
was   present    at    the 
Paris    Exposition    of 
1878   as    a   delegate 

to  several  international  congresses,  representing  the 
American  Geographical  Society  at  the  Congress  of 
Commercial  Geography,  attending  the  Congress  for  the 
Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals  as  a  delegate  of  the 
Massachusetts  society,  taking  part  in  the  deliberations 
for  the  proposed  Franco-American  treaty  of  commerce, 
and  presenting  a  plan  for  unifying  coinage  at  the  Con- 
gress for  Weights,  Measures  and  Coins.  In  January, 
1879,  as  representative  of  the  American  Geographical 


NATHAN    APPLETON. 


Societ\',  and  of  the  United  States  Board  of  Trade,  he 
attended  the  international  congress  called  by  M.  de 
Lesseps  to  decide  upon  the  best  route  for  a  canal.  Mr. 
Appleton  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commer- 
cial Relations,  and  he  voted  with  seventy-seven  others 
in  favor  of  the  Panama  route.  In  1880  he  accompan- 
ied M.  de  Lesseps  from  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  Pacific 
as  his  interpreter  and  the  exponent  of  his  views.  Mr. 
Appleton  is  a  member  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  was  com- 
mander of  a  Mas- 
sachusetts Grand 
Army  post  for  two 
years,  and  has  been 
one  of  the  vice-pres- 
idents of  the  Society 
of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  He  is  a 
vice-president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Soci- 
ety of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revo- 
lution. He  has  trav- 
elled extensively  in 
Mexico,  and  Central 
and  South  America, 
bringing  home  many 
valuable  gifts  for  art 
and  educational  in- 
stitutions. During  a 
recent  sojourn  in 
Santo  Domingo,  he 
took  the  initiative  in 
e  ncouraging  the 
people  to  send  an 
exhibit  to  the 
World's  Fair.  He  is 
the  author  of  two 
original  plays,  has 
been  a  frequent  con- 
tributor to  the  press, 
and  has  delivered  many  public  addresses,  among  them 
an  address  in  the  Old  South  Meeting  House,  Boston, 
June  14,  1877,  on  the  occasion  of  the  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  adoption  of  the  American  flag  by  Con- 
gress, and  an  oration  at  the  unveiling  of  the  Columbus 
statue  in  Boston,  Oct.  21,  1892.  His  paper  on  "Har- 
vard College  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,"  read 
before  the  Bostonian  Society,  has  attracted  wide 
attention. 


BOSTON. 


i6s 


EMORY  J.  HAYNES,  D.  D.,  the  eloquent  pastor  of 
the  People's  Church,  is  one  of  the  commanding 
figures  in  the  Boston  pulpit  and  in  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal denomination.  He  was  born  in  Cabot,  Vt.,  Feb. 
6,  1847,  the  son  of  Rev.  Zadoc  S.  and  Marion  W. 
(Bayley)  Haynes.  In  1863  he  entered  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, Middletown,  Conn.  During  his  junior  year  at 
Wesleyan  he  preached  his  first  sermon,  in  Royalton,  Vt., 
his  father,  who  was  pastor  of  the  church,  being  among 
the  hearers.  In  his 
senior     year     he 

preached    for    the  

Main  Street  Church 
(Methodist  Episco- 
pal) at  Norwich, 
Conn.,  and  after 
graduating,  in  1867, 
and  joining  the  Prov- 
idence Conference, 
he  was  regularly  in- 
stalled as  pastor  of 
the  Norwich  church, 
and  remained  there 
three  years.  In 
1870  he  was  called 
to  St.  Paul's  Church, 
Fall  River,  and  from 
there  he  went  to  the 
Hanson  Place  Meth- 
odist Episcopal 
Church  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  His  success 
here  was  phenome- 
nal, the  society  and 
congregation  rapidly 
increasing  in  num- 
bers under  his  minis- 


try. In  1873  the 
church  laid  the  cor- 
ner-stone of  what   is 

now  the  home  of  the  largest  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
and  Sunday  School  in  .America.  It  was  finished  and  dedi- 
cated in  January,  1874.  Mr.  Haynes's  next  call  was  to 
the  Seventh  Avenue  (now  Grace)  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church  in  the  same  city.  He  had  left  the  Hanson  Place 
society  with  the  mutual  understanding  that  he  would 
return  at  the  end  of  three  years,  then  the  limit  of  the 
pastoral  term.  Before  the  close  of  the  second  year, 
however,  his  convictions  concerning  church  government 


EMORY  J.    HAYNES. 


and  practice  had  undergone  something  of  a  change,  and 
he  united  with  the  Baptist  denomination,  accepting,  in 
1877,  a  call  from  the  Washington  .Avenue  Baptist 
Church,  Brooklyn.  He  remained  there  until  1885,  when 
he  came  to  Boston  as  pastor  of  the  Union  Temple 
Church,  Tremont  Temple.  His  labors  at  this  "free 
church  of  the  strangers"  for  si.\  years  were  highly  suc- 
cessful, and  his  position  here  was  one  of  the  most  labo- 
rious and  influential  in  the  Christian  world,  the  aggregate 

audiences    gathering 
at  all  the  services  in 
Tremont    Temple 
each    Sunday    num- 
bering ten  thousand 
people.     In    i8gi 
Mr.  Haynes  resigned 
the  pastorate  of  the 
Union      Temple 
Church   and    offered 
himself  to   the  bish- 
ops  and   conference 
of  the  New  England 
branch  of  Methodism 
who   appointed   him 
at  once  to  the  Peo- 
ple's  Church,  where 
he   has    since    re- 
mained.  His  field  of 
usefulness    here    is 
scarcely    less    broad 
than   it   was  at  Tre- 
mont   Temple,    and 
his    hold    upon    the 
masses  is  particularly 
strong.      He   is    the 
author  of   several 
works  of  fiction,  in- 
cluding "  Dollars  and 
Duty,"  "A  Wedding 
in   War  Time,"   and 
many  short  stories.     He  is  president  of  the  Anti-Tene- 
ment   House    League.      Dr.   Haynes   has   been   twice 
married,    his    second    wife   being   Grace,    daughter   of 
William  and  Mary  E.  Forby,  of  New  York.     They  have 
five  children.     Mrs.  Haynes  owns  a  beautiful  residence 
on  the  Hudson  River,  below  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  where, 
because  of  long  summer  sojourns,  Mr.  Haynes  is  almost 
as  well  known  as  in  Boston.     Colby  University  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.  D.  in  1886. 


1 66 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


EDWARD   AVERY   has   attained   his  distinguished 
position   in   the    legal    fraternity   of    Boston    by 
severe  attention  to  his  profession  and  by  his  great  nat- 
ural ability  for  its  details  and  intricacies.     He  was  born 
in  Marblehead,  Mass.,  March,  12, 1828,  being  the  son  of 
General  Samuel  and  Mary  A.  W.  (Candler)  Avery.     Gen- 
eral Samuel  Avery  was  a  native  of  Vermont,  and  served 
in  the  War  of  181 2.    He  subsequently  removed  to  Marble- 
head,  where  he  commanded  the  local  brigade  of  militia 
for     fi  f  t  e  e  n    years, 
served  many  years  as 
a   selectman  of    the 
town,    and    repre- 
sented it  in  the  Gen- 
eral Court.     Edward 
Avery's  mother  was  a 
daughter  of  Captain 
John    Candler,    of 
English    descent. 
The    branch   of    the 
family     with     which 
Edward    Avery    is 
connec  t  ed  is  de- 
scended from  Samuel 
Avery,  a   civil   engi- 
neer, who  received  a 
grant  of  land  in  Ver- 
mont   embracing 
the  tracts  known  as 
Avery's  Gores.     Mr. 
Avery   obtained    his 
early    education     in 
the  public  schools  of 
Marblehead,     finish- 
ing in  Brook's  Clas- 
sical     School     in 
Boston.       He    then 
entered  the  office  of 
F.   W.    Choate,    and 
later   completed    his 

course  in  the  Harvard  Law  School.  In  April,  1849,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  began  practice  in  Barre, 
Mass.  In  185 1  he  removed  to  Boston,  and  has  since 
practised  continually  in  that  city,  a  greater  part  of  the 
time  in  association  with  George  M.  Hobbs,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Avery  &  Hobbs.  Early  in  his  career  Mr. 
Avery  became  interested  in  politics,  and  since  1851, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  years,  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee,  being 


several  times  its  chairman.  He  was  once  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate  for  attorney-general  of  the  State,  and 
several  times  for  Congress.  In  the  Democratic  national 
conventions  of  1868  and  1876  he  was  a  delegate,  and 
at  both  represented  his  State  in  the  Committee  on 
Resolutions.  He  has  frequently  presided  over  Demo- 
cratic State  conventions,  and  his  addresses  have  always 
been  masterly  presentations  of  Democratic  doctrines. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion of  1892,  where 
he  was  a  strong  sup- 
porter of  Mr.  Cleve- 
land's nomination. 
In  1867  he  was  one 
of  the  eight  Demo- 
cratic members  of 
the  lower  House  of 
the  State  Legislature, 
and  served  on  the 
Committee  on  Pro- 
bate and  Chancery. 
In  the  campaign  of 
the  next  year  he  was 
nominated  for  State 
senator,  and  on  the 
night  before  election 
he  was  re-nominated 
for  the  House. 
Elected  to  both  po- 
sitions, he  took  his 
seat  in  the  Senate. 
Mr.  Avery  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  Masons  of 
Massachusetts.  For 
four  years  he  was 
d  i  St  r  i  c  t  de  ji  u  t  y 
grand  master  of  the 
sixteenth  Massachu- 
setts district,  and  for 
some  time  was  junior  grand  warden  of  the  Grand  Lodge. 
In  1852  Mr.  Avery  married  Susan  Caroline,  daughter  of 
Caleb  Stetson,  of  Boston.  His  second  wife  was  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  David  Greene.  There  have  been 
two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter,  the  former,  Albert 
E.,  being  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  with  his  father. 
Mr.  Avery  is  reckoned  among  the  most  valued  advisers  of 
of  the  Democratic  leaders  in  Massachusetts,  the  safe  con- 
servatism of  his  counsel  proving  of  great  use  to  his  i)arty. 


EDWARD    AVERY. 


BOSTON. 


167 


M 


ODERN  journalism   in  Boston  dates  from  March 


Boston    Globe,   but   on  that    date    it   was    reorganized, 
rejuvenated,   resurrected   ahiiost,  and,  under  the  man- 
agement of   Charles   H.  Taylor,  started  on  a  dazzling 
career  which  has  few,  if  any,  parallels  in  American  jour- 
nalism.    In  many  respects.   General  Taylor's   life  has 
been  a  noteworthy  one.     It  has  been  a  display  of  heroic 
industry,  zest,  ambition,  the  bravest  self-reliance,  —  and 
from     slight     begin- 
nings he  has  achieved 
much.     He  was  born 
in    Char  lest  own, 
Mass.,  July  14,  1846, 
the    son   of  John    I. 
and  Abigail  R.  (Hap- 
good)    Taylor.      He 
left  school  at  the  age 
of  fifteen,  and  went 
to  work  in  a  Boston 
printing-office,  where 
he  learned  the  trade 
of  a  compositor.     .\ 
year  later,  when  he 
was  employed  in  the 
Traveller    office,    he 
enlisted    in    the 
Thirty-eighth      Mas- 
sachusetts Regiment, 
and    served    in    the 
field   until    wounded 
in  the  memorable  as- 
sault on   Port   Hud- 
son, June    14,   1863. 
Returning  to  Boston, 
he   re-entered    the 
Traveller  office,  and 
soon  made  his  mark 
as   a   reporter.      He 
mastered    the    diffi- 
culties of   shorthand,  and  did   much   notable  work  as 
a  stenographer.     As  Boston  correspondent  of  the  New 
York  Tribune  and  the  Cincinnati  Times,  he  earned  con- 
siderable reputation.     In  1869  he  became  jirivate  sec- 
retary to  Governor  Claflin,  and  a  member  of  the  latter's 
military  staff,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  as  "  Colonel 
Taylor"    he    has  since    been   known    throughout    New 
England,  though  by  the  more  recent  appointment  of 
Governor    Russell    he    is   now   properly   addressed   as 


CHARLES    H.   TAYLOR 


General  Taylor.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  from  Somerville,  and  was  re-elected 
the  following  year,  receiving  the  unusual  honor  on  both 
occasions  of  being  the  unanimous  choice  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,  regardless  of  party  lines.  He  was  elected 
clerk  of  the  House  in  1873,  and  served  until  August 
of  that  year,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  Boston  Globe, 
then  a  new  paper,  which  had  been  started  about  a  year 
before,  and  which  was  struggling  hard  to  obtain  a  foot 

hold  among  the  old 
Boston  dailies.     For 
nearly  five   years 
Colonel   Taylor   had 
an    uphill     struggle, 
and    in   that   period 
he    suffered    enough 
discouragements     to 
have  completely  dis- 
heartened  any  ordi 
nary    man.     The 
Globe  in  those  days 
was    narrow,    ex- 
tremely literary,  and 
correspondingly   un- 
remunerat  i  V  e.     On 
March    7,     1878, 
Colonel  Taylor  took 
a  bold  step  and  re- 
organized the   Globe 
as  a  Democratic  two- 
cent  daily  paper,  con- 
ducted   on    popular 
lines   and   appealing 
to  the  many  instead 
of    the    few.     Since 
that  time  it  has  been 
one  of  the  marvels  of 
American  journalism, 
following    up    one 
original   stroke    with 
another,  until  its  influence  has  completely  revolutionized 
the  press  of  Boston,  and  attaining  a  circulation  which 
is  conceded  by  all  to  be  the  largest  in  New  England. 
General  Taylor  was  married  in  1866  to  Georgiana  O., 
daughter  of  George  W.  and  L.  F.  Davis,  of  Charlestown. 
He  spent  the  summer  of  1891   in  Europe,  and  during 
his  absence   his  eldest   son,  C.  H.  Taylor,  Jr.  (who  is 
now  business  manager),  conducted  alone  the  enormou;: 
business  of  the  paper. 


i68 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


BRYCE  J.  ALLAN,  the  only  representative  in  Boston 
of  the  Allan  Line  of  Royal  Mail  Steamships,  is 
one  of  the  figures  in  commercial  and  social  life.  He 
was  born  in  1862  in  Montreal,  Canada,  the  third  son  of 
Sir  Hugh  Allan,  and  from  his  youth  has  shown  an  apti- 
tude for  business.  He  came  to  Boston  about  ten  years 
ago,  and  entered  the  office  of  H.  &  A.  Allan,  agents  in 
this  city  of  the  Allan  Line.  After  familiarizing  himself 
with  the  business  he  succeeded  to  the  agency  in  June, 
1892,  when  he  was 
made  manager  of 
the  Boston  office. 
Mr.  Allan  has  been 
prominent  in  the 
social  events  of  the 
city.  Though  he  is 
unmarried,  his  home 
on  Beacon  Street  in 
Boston  and  his  new 
and  beautiful  cottage 
at  Pride's  Crossing, 
Beverly  Farms,  are 
well  known  as  resorts 
of  fashion  and  cul- 
ture. Under  his 
management  the 
business  of  the  Allan 
Line  in  this  city  has 
prospered  greatly, 
and  his  is  to-day 
foremost  among  the 
steamship  agencies  in 
New  England.  Mr. 
Allan's  career  in 
Boston  has  been  so 
intimately  connected 
with  the  Allan  Line 
that  some  mention 
of  that  enterprise  is 
fitting  here.  Cap- 
tain Alexander  Allan,  a  native  of  Saltcoats,  Ayrshire,  was 
the  founder  of  the  line.  He  was  commander  of  the 
ship  "Jean,"  and  won  a  reputation  for  faithful  perform- 
ance of  all  contracts  and  quick  and  safe  passages.  In 
1815,  he  ran  the  "Jean"  from  the  Clyde  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence, and  established  a  connection  between  these  great 
rivers  which  has  continued  unbroken  to  this  day.  Ship 
after  ship  was  added  until  Captain  Allan  was  at  the  head 
of  quite  a  fleet  of  packets.     Two  of  his  sons  were  sea- 


BRYCE   J.    ALLAN 


faring  men,  and  he  made  another  son.  Sir  Hugh,  a  busi- 
ness man.  A  change  in  the  transatlantic  service  was 
made  in  1850,  when  the  British  government  desired 
some  firm  to  establish  a  fleet  of  screw  steamers  to  carry 
regularly  the  mails  from  Liverpool  to  Canada.  The 
Allans  entered  into  the  project,  made  all  necessary 
arrangements,  and  submitted  an  offer  to  the  govern- 
ment. For  some  reason  the  offer  was  rejected,  and  the 
contract  was  given  to  a  Glasgow  house.     It  did  not  give 

satisfaction,    and    in 
1853    the     contract 
was   awarded  to  the 
Allans,    who    have 
held   it    since.     In 
1859  the  service  was 
greatly   increased, 
and    since    then    the 
fleet     has    been 
strengthened  by  new 
vessels   and    various 
improvements,    until 
the    Allan    Line    is 
second,  in   point    of 
perfection,  to  no 
ocean    mail   service 
in    the   world.     In 
1862  the  Newfound- 
land   mails    were 
taken,    and    in    the 
same  year  the  com- 
pany loaded    vessels 
at  Baltimore.     In 
1876  a  Uruguay  ser- 
vice was  established, 
in     1879     offices 
opened    in     Boston, 
and  in  1884  a  Phila- 
delphia    connection 
made.     In   1890  the 
Messrs.     Allan    pur- 
chased the  State  line  of  steamships  and  opened  an  office 
in  New  York,  having  a  weekly  service  between  that  port 
and  Glasgow.     The  fleet  at  present  consists  of  nearly 
fifty  vessels,   and   the  company  controls    and   operates 
seven  direct  services  between  Europe  and  the  LInited 
States  and  Canada.     The  name  of  Allan  is  indissolubly 
connected  with  the  business  of  transatlantic  steam  trans- 
portation, and  few  firms  have  enjoyed  such  an  uninter- 
rupted career  of  prosperity. 


BOSTON. 


169 


ASSISTANT  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  WILLIAM 
FISHER  WHARTON,  who  during  the  last 
three  years  has  handled  many  of  the  nation's  delicate 
and  complicated  diplomatic  affairs  with  such  skill,  is  a 
typical  Bostonian.  He  is  the  son  of  William  Craig  and 
Nancy  W.  (Spring)  Wharton,  and  was  born  at  Jamaica 
Plain,  June  28,  1847.  When  a  boy  he  attended  Epes 
Sargent  Dixwell's  school,  Boston.  He  entered  Harvard 
College  in  1867,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1870 
with  honors  in  Latin, 
Greek  and  ancient 
history.  He  studied 
law  in  the  office  of 
John  C.  Ropes  and 
John  C.  Gray  for  a 
year,  then  attended 
the  Harvard  L  a  w 
School  two  years, 
and  was  graduated 
in  1873,  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  Suffolk 
bar  the  same  year. 
He  then  travelled  in 
Europe  until  the  au- 
tumn of  1875,  when 
he  returned  to  Bos- 
ton and  began  the 
practice  of  law, 
which  he  continued 
until  April,  1889, 
when  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President 
Harrison  assistant 
secretary  of  state  of 
the  United  States. 
He  served  five  suc- 
cessive terms  in  the 
Boston  C  o  m  m  o  n 
Council,    18S0    to 

1884  inclusive,  early 

developing  a  talent  and  tact  for  leadership  among  the 
minority  of  that  body,  where  his  indefatigable  and  dig- 
nified efforts  saved  his  party  from  overwhelming  disas- 
ter. From  1885  to  1888,  inclusive,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives,  serving  in 

1885  as  House  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Cities, 
and  as  member  of  the  Committee  on  Rules  of  the 
House;  and  in  1886  and  1S87  as  House  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Railroads,  and  of  the  Joint  Commit- 


WILLIAM    F.    WHARTON 


tee  on  Rules  and  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
House  Rules;  and  in  1888  as  chairman  of  the  Judi- 
ciary Committee  and  the  Committee  on  House  Rules, 
and  House  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Joint 
Rules.  In  1883  he  was  appointed  by  the  mayor  of 
Boston  one  of  the  commissioners  to  revise  the  ordi- 
nances of  the  city.  Before  his  appointment  to  his 
present  position  he  had  made  international  law  a  special 
study  for  many  years,  and  had   written  a  treatise  on  the 

subject.  He  is  also 
the  editor  of  the 
second  edition  of 
"Story  on  Partner- 
ship." As  assistant 
secretary  of  state 
Mr.  Wharton  has 
had  partial  or  entire 
charge  of  many  diffi- 
cult negotiations,  in- 
volving the  interest 
and  the  good  name 
of  the  United  States. 
During  the  illness  of 
Secretary  Blaine  Mr. 
VV'  h  a  r  t  o  n  was  for 
several  months  the 
acting  head  of  the 
Department  of  State, 
and  his  handling  of 
the  Chilian  negotia- 
tions, the  Bering 
Sea  difficulties,  the 
Canadian  fi  s  h  e  r  i  e  s 
(piestion  and  other 
matters  has  placed 
him  in  the  front  rsnk 
of  diplomats.  Mr. 
Wharton  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Somerset, 
Union  and  other 
leading  clubs  of  Boston.  Though  he  has  always  been 
recognized  as  a  thorough  Republican  he  is  regarded  by 
his  political  opponents  as  one  whose  manliness  and 
independence  are  sufficient  to  cause  him  to  be  governed 
by  his  sense  of  right,  irrespective  of  the  demands  of 
party-  These  qualities  have  endeared  him  to  a  wide 
circle  of  friends,  both  in  New  England  and  at  \\'ashing- 
ton.  Mr.  \\  harton  was  married  to  Miss  Fanny  Pickman, 
of  Boston,  who  died  in  1880. 


170 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AS  medical  practitioner  and  author,  Henry  O.  Marcy, 
A.  M.,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  has   won   an    international 
reputation.     He  was  born  in  Otis,  Mass.,  June  23,  1837. 
His  ancestry  dates  back  to  the  early  settlers  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  and  they  were  prominent  participants  in 
the  development   of   the   new    country.      Great-grand- 
father and  son  fought  side   by  side  in  the  Revolution, 
while  Dr.  Marcy's  father,  at  the  age   of  eighteen,  was  a 
a  soldier  in  the  War  of  1812.     Dr.  Marcy  received  his 
preparatory  and  clas- 
sical    education     a  t 
Wesleyan     Academy 
in  Wilbraham,  and  at 
Amherst   College. 
Graduating  from  the 
medical    department 
of  Hanard  in   1S63, 
he  was  at  once  com- 
missioned   as    assis- 
tant  surgeon  in  the 
Forty- third  Massa- 
chusetts  Volunteers, 
and    served   with 
distinction     until 
the    close    of    the 
war,  having  been  pro- 
moted from  surgeon 
of  brigade  and  divis- 
ion to  a  medical  di- 
rectorship.      Dr. 
Marcy  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Wendell,  of 
Great   Falls,   N.   H., 
and  settled  in  Cam- 
bridge.    In     1869, 
accompanied  by  his 
wife,  he  went  to  Eu- 
rope and  entered  the 
University  of  Ik-rlin, 
devoting  himself 

largely  to  the  study  of  surgery,  and  in  1870  became  the 
first  American  pupil  of  Professor  Lister,  of  Edinburgh. 
Convinced  of  the  correctness  and  value  of  the  princi- 
ples of  the  antiseptic  methods  of  wound  treatment,  Dr. 
Marcy  became  at  once  the  ardent  advocate  of  the  then 
revolutionary  methods  of  surgical  procedure.  He  es- 
tablished a  hospital,  for  the  demonstration  of  the  new 
teaching,  which  is  still  successfully  conducted.  Since 
1876  he  has  been   an   annual   contributor  of  scientific 


papers  to  the  American  Medical  Association.  At  the 
International  Medical  Congress  in  London  in  1881,  he 
was  invited  to  open  the  discussion,  before  the  most  dis- 
tinguished body  of  surgeons  ever  assembled,  in  defence 
of  the  principles  of  antiseptic  surgery.  In  1884  he  pub- 
lished a  translation  of  the  works  of  the  late  Professor 
Ercolani,  of  Bologna.  Dr.  Marcy  was  one  of  the  presi- 
dents of  the  International  Medical  Congress,  held  in 
Washington  in  1887.  He  is  a  member,  active  or  honor- 
ary, of  many  of  the 
special  medical  so- 
cieties in  Europe  and 
America,  and  is  an 
officer  and  active 
promoter  of  the  Pan- 
American  Congress 
which  convenes  i  n 
Washington  in  1893. 
In  1884  he  was 
president  of  the 
American  Academy 
of  Medicine,  and  in 
1887  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity conferred 
upon  him  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  His  best 
known  publications 
are  :  "  Plastic  Splints 
in  Surgery"  (1877)  ; 
"Aspiration  of  the 
Knee  Joint"  (1879)  ; 
"Histological  Studies 
of  the  Development 
of  the  Osseous  Cal- 
lous in  Man  and  Ani- 
mals" (1881)  ;  "Cure 
of  Hernia  by  the 
Antiseptic  Use  of 
the  Animal  Suture" 
(1878);  "Best 
Methods  of  Operative  Wound  Treatment"  (1882)  ; 
"Comparative  Value  of  Germicides"  (1880);  "Rela- 
tions of  Micro-Organisms  to  Sanitary  Science  "  (1883)  ; 
"Medical  Legislation"  (1885);  "Surgical  Advantages 
of  the  Buried  Animal  Suture"  (1888);  "Histological 
and  Surgical  Treatment  of  the  Uterine  Myoma"  (1882). 
His  latest  publication,  issued  in  1892,  is  a  quarto  volume 
on  the  "Anatomy  and  Surgical  Treatment  of  Hernia." 
Dr.  Marcy  resides  at  No.  180  Commonwealth  Avenue. 


HENRY   0.    MARCY. 


BOSTON. 


171 


A  LIFE  story  which  will  repay  attention  is  that  of 
John  Oscar  Teele,  son  of  Samuel  and  Ellen  Chace 
(Clough)  Teele,  born  in  Wilmot,  N.  H.,  July  18,  1839. 
The  family  on  his  father's  side  is  of  Swiss  origin,  and  on 
his  mother's  side,  English.  Early  in  the  seventeenth 
century  two  brothers  named  Tell  came  from  the  Canton 
of  Berne,  Switzerland,  and  settled  in  Massachusetts, 
from  the  elder  of  whom  Mr.  Teele  is  descended.  For 
two  or  three  generations  the  name  Tell  was  retained,  as 
shown  by  records  of 
real  estate  transfers, 
but  for  some  reason 
was  changed  to  Teel. 
Mr.  Teele  added  the 
final  "e"  in  1867, 
simply  as  a  matter  of 
taste,  and  that  change 
has  since  been 
adopted  by  all  per- 
sons of  that  name  in 
Massachusetts  so  far 
as  known.  He  was 
fitted  for  college  at 
the  New  Hampton 
and  New  London 
(N.  H.)  academies. 
He  voted  for  Presi- 
dent Lincoln  in 
i860,  and  then  went 
immediately  to  New 
Orleans  to  engage  in 
teaching  for  a  while 
before  proceeding 
with  his  college 
course.  While  in 
New  Orleans  he  em- 
ployed his  spare  time 
in  reading  law  in  the 
office  of  Judah  P. 
Benjamin.    Staying 

through  the  exciting  times  of  the  secession  of  States  and 
until  his  friends  in  the  South  could  no  longer  protect 
him  from  being  drafted  into  the  Confederate  Army,  he 
left  for  the  North  in  the  summer  of  1861,  passing 
through  Tennessee  and  Kentucky  on  the  last  train  which 
was  allowed  to  go  through  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
He  entered  the  offices  of  the  late  Judge  George  W. 
Nesmith  and  Pike  &  Barnard,  Franklin,  N.  H.,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  New  Hampshire  bar  in  1862.     In  that 


JOHN    O.   TEELE. 


year  he  enlisted  with  a  Dartmouth  College  company 
which  formed  part  of  a  Rhode  Island  squadron  of  cav- 
alry. He  was  serving  as  clerk  of  a  court  martial  at 
Winchester,  Va.,  when  that  place  was  abandoned  in 
September,  1862,  the  force  retiring  to  Harper's  Ferry. 
He  was  one  of  the  body  of  cavalry  that  escaped  from 
Harper's  Ferry  the  night  before  the  surrender  to  Gen- 
eral Jackson,  two  days  before  the  battle  of  Antietam. 
He  commenced  the  practice  of  law  at  Hillsboro  Bridge, 

N.  H.,  in  1863,  as  a 
partner  of  Hon. 
James  F.  Briggs  ;  was 
treasurer  of  Hillsboro 
County  for  two  or 
three  years,  and  re- 
moved to  Boston  in 
1867.  In  1868  he 
formed  a  partnership 
with  the  late  attor- 
ney-general, Hon. 
Charles  R.  Train, 
which  continued  un- 
til Mr.  Train's  death, 
in  1885.  His  prac- 
tice has  been  large 
and  successful,  with 
no  specialty,  except 
perhaps  in  advising 
towns  and  business 
corporations.  Mr. 
Teele  is  a  director 
in  the  Winnisimmet 
Company,  the  Atlas 
Mutual  Insurance 
Company,  the  C.  & 
K.  Company,  of  Bal- 
lardvale,  and  other 
corporations.  He 
was  a  member  of  the 
lower  House  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1886  and  1887,  serving  on 
the  Judiciary  Committee,  and  declining  to  run  for  a 
third  term.  He  was  advanced  two  years  for  Dartmouth 
College,  but  his  college  course  was  interrupted  by  the 
war.  He  received  his  degree,  however,  from  that  col- 
lege after  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  married  in 
Febniary,  1868,  to  Mary  Page  Smith,  daughter  of  the 
late  Lewis  Smith,  of  Waltham.  They  have  one  child 
living,  a  son  now  in  Harvard  College. 


172 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


BOSTON'S  brilliant  young  sculptor,  Henry  Hudson 
Kitson,  has  already  cut  for  himself  a  niche  in  the 
temple  of  fame.  Not  yet  thirty  years  of  age,  he  is  an 
artist  of  greatpromise.  He  was  born  near  Huddersfield, 
Yorkshire,  England,  April  9,  1864.  He  was  one  of  a 
large  family,  several  of  whom  have  since  risen  to  distinc- 
tion in  the  realm  of  literature,  sculpture,  or  painting. 
As  a  boy  he  attended  evening  classes  at  the  Mechanics' 
Institute  at  Huddersfield  when  but  eight  years  old. 
Before  his  twelfth 
year  he  had  taken 
several  prizes,  among 
them  that  given  by 
the  Institute  for 
design.  In  1877, 
when  just  thirteen 
years  of  age,  young 
Kitson  came  to 
America  and  began 
work  with  his  brother 
in  New  York  on  the 
Astor  memorial  for 
Trinity  Church.  It 
was  during  these 
years  of  practical 
work  in  the  cutting 
of  stone  that  the 
young  sculptor 
gained  the  knowledge 
and  control  of  tools 
that  has  since  distin- 
guished him.  Dur- 
ing this  period  young 
Kitson  did  much 
work  in  conjunction 
with  his  brother  on 
the  art  decorations 
of  the  principal  pa- 
latial residences  of 
New  York.     In  1882 

Mr.  Kitson  entered  the  ficole  des  Beaux  Arts  and  the 
I"xole  des  Arts  Decoratifs,  at  Paris.  In  the  Salon  of 
1883,  he  exhibited  his  first  bust  from  life,  that  of  his 
friend,  Angelo  Schiitze,  musician  and  painter.  The  bust 
of  Amour,  a  sweet-faced  child,  was  executed  this  year. 
At  the  Beaux  Arts  he  worked  in  the  ateliers  Dumont  and 
Bonnassieux,  and  at  the  Arts  Decoratifs  with  Millet  and 
Gautier.  About  this  time  was  commenced  the  "  Music 
of  the  Sea,"  which  appeared  in  the  Salon  of  1884  and 


drew  forth  universal  admiration.  This  exquisite  work 
is  at  present  in  the  collection  of  Mrs.  David  P.  Kimball, 
of  Boston.  "The  Fisherman's  Wife"  and  the  "Singing 
Girl,"  both  admirable,  were  modelled  at  this  time. 
Returning  to  America,  Mr.  Kitson  made  a  bust  of  John 
McCuUough,  the  actor,  from  a  death  mask  taken  at  Phila- 
delphia. Later  he  modelled  the  beautiful  and  delicate 
bas-relief  of  Easter,  the  portrait  of  Miss  Ruggles  (Salon,'88) 
and  the  statue  of  the  late  Mayor  Doyle,  of  Providence. 

Mr.  Kitson  was  com- 
missioned    by    the 
Roumanian  Govern- 
ment  to    execute   a 
portrait     bust     of 
Queen    Elizabeth 
(Carmen  Sylva),  for 
which  he  was  deco- 
rated Commander  of 
the   Royal   Order  of 
Bene    Merenti,    and 
also    received    the 
(Queen's     medal. 
From  the  American 
Art  Association   and 
from   the  Massachu- 
setts    Charitable 
'    Mechanic      Associa- 
tion he  has  received 
gold  medals,  and  the 
only  medal  awarded 
for    sculpture  in  the 
American  Section  at 
the  Universal  Expo- 
sition   in    Paris,     in 
1889,    was    awarded 
to   him.      He    mod- 
elled for  the  Drexels 
of  Philadelphia  a  life- 
size  figure  of  Christ 
on    the    cross.      He 
has    executed    many  other    works    of    merit,  his    range 
being  very  extensive.     The   most  recent  public  works 
which    Mr.    Kitson    has   completed    are    the    statue    of 
Admiral  Farragut,  for  the  city  of  Boston,  and  the  foun- 
tain for  the  Dyer  Memorial  in  Providence.     Mr.  Kitson 
is  a  member  of  the  Ethnographical  Society  and  of  the 
Societe  .'\mericaine  de  France.     An  artist  by  predilection, 
his  scope  has  been  enlarged  by  study  and  travel,  and 
his  method  enriched  by  worthy  association. 


HENRY    H.    KITSON. 


BOSTON. 


173 


CARROLL   DAVIDSON  WRIGHT,  United  States 
commissioner  of  labor,  and  one  of  the  foremost 
statisticians   of   the    country,  was  born    in   Dunbarton, 
N.  H.,  July  25,  1840.     He  was  educated  in  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Vermont,  and  began  the  study  of  law,  but  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  gave  it  up  to  enlist   in 
the  Fourteenth  New  Hamiishire  Regiment,  of  which  he 
became   colonel    in    December,    t864.      He    served  as 
acting  assistant  adjutant-general  under  General    Sheri- 
dan,   resigning   in 
March,  1865,  and   in 
October  of  the  same 
year  was  admitted  to 
the    bar    of    New 
Hampshire.       Being 
in    ill    health,  Mr. 
Wright  decided  upon 
a    change     of     resi- 
dence, and  moved  to 
Massachusetts.    Dur- 
ing  1871-72  he  was 
a   member    of    the 
Senate  of  this  State, 
at  which  time  he  se- 
cured the  passage  of 
a  bill  to  provide  for 
the  establishment  of 
workingmen's    trains 
to   Boston    from   the 
suburban  districts. 
From    1873   to   1888 
Mr.  ^^'right  was  chief 
of  the  State   Bureau 
of   Statistics    of    La- 
bor, and  in  1880  was 
appointed  supervisor 
of  the  United  States 
census  in  Massachu- 
setts ;    he    was    also 
special  agent  of  the 

census  on  the  factory  system.  The  Bureau  of  Labor  in 
the  Interior  Department  at  Washington  was  created  in 
June,  1884,  and  in  January,  1885,  Mr.  Wright  was  made 
the  first  commissioner,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
The  governor  of  Massachusetts,  in  1885,  gave  him  a 
commission  to  investigate  the  records  of  the  towns, 
parishes,  counties  and  courts  of  the  State,  and  the  work 
was  carried  on  energetically  and  with  good  results. 
Colonel  Wright  was  a  Republican  presidential  elector  in 


CARROLL    D.    WRIGHT 


1876,  and  has  had  charge  of  the  decennial  census  in  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  in  1875  and  1885.  During  1879 
he  was  lecturer  on  phases  of  the  labor  question,  eth- 
ically considered,  at  the  Lowell  Institute  in  Boston,  and 
in  1 88 1  was  university  lecturer  at  Harvard,  on  the  fac- 
tory system.  Mr.  Wright  has  also  been  recording  sec- 
retary of  the  American  Social  Science  Association,  and 
is  a  member  of  a  number  of  scientific  societies.  In 
1883    he    received    the   degree  of   A.    M.   from  Tufts 

College.  Colonel 
Wright  has  published 
a  number  of  books 
of  great  value,  deal- 
ing chiefly  with  labor 
problems,  in  which 
he  is  deeply  inter- 
ested. H  i  s  works 
include :  "Annual 
Reports  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Bureau  of 
Statistics  of  Labor  " 
(fi  f  t  e  e  n  volumes, 
Boston,  1873-88)  ; 
"  Census  of  Massa- 
chusetts "  (three  vol- 
um  es,  1876-77)  ; 
"The  Statistics  of 
w  ■^^,^,  Boston"    (1882); 

\  fli  "'^^^    Factory    Sys- 

m^.    ^^H^IP  t£™    of    the    Ll^nited 

■    H^^^  States"      (Washing- 

"^  ton,     1882);     "The 

'  Census  of  Massachu- 

setts "  (four  vol- 
umes, Boston,  1887- 
88)  ;  "Reports  of 
United  States  Com- 
missioner of  Labor," 
including  "Indus- 
trial Depressions  " 
(Boston,  1882);  " The  Factory  System  as  an  Element 
in  Civilization"  (1S82)  ;  "Scientific  Basis  of  Tariff 
Legislation"  (1884);  "The  Present  Actual  Condition 
of  the  Workingman"  (1887)  ;  "The  Study  of  Statistics 
in  Colleges"  (1887);  "Problems  of  the  Census" 
(1887);  "Hand  Labor  in  Prisons"  (1887);  "Histor- 
ical Sketch  of  the  Knights  of  Labor"  (1887);  "The 
Growth  and  Purposes  of  Bureaus  of  Statistics  of 
Labor"  (1888). 


174 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


"  *■  I  ■'HE  Nestor  of  Massachusetts  Democracy,"  as 
1  General  Patrick  A.  Collins  once  styled  him,  is 
Charles  Levi  Woodbury.  In  his  seventy-second  year, 
he  is  still  as  ■  alert  and  vigorous  as  if  he  were  only 
twenty-five,  and  as  close  an  observer,  and  as  shrewd  a 
student  of  politics  as  when  he  did  his  first  active  cam- 
paign work  for  James  K.  Polk  in  1S44,  and  later  for 
Franklin  Pierce  in  1852.  Descended  from  John  Wood- 
bury, one  of  the  early  pioneers  who  settled  on  Cape 
Ann  in  1624,  Charles 
Levi  Woodbury  was 
born  in  Portsmouth, 
Rockingham  County, 
N.  H.,  May  22,  1820. 
When  he  was  eleven 
years  of  age  he  re- 
moved to  Washing- 
ton with  his  father's 
family,  and  received 
his  early  education 
in  the  capital  city  of 
the  nation.  .\  f  t  e  r 
his  admission  to 
the  bar  in  the  Dis- 
t  r  i  c  t  of  Columbia, 
Mr.  Woodbury  prac- 
t  i  s  e  d  in  Alabama, 
and  some  time  later 
came  to  Boston, 
where  he  has  been 
in  active  practice 
ever  since.  His 
chief  practice  has 
been  in  the  Circuit 
Courts  of  the  United 
States,  and  in  the 
Supreme  Court  at 
Washington,  while 
throughout  the  entire 
country  he  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ablest  expounders  of  constitutional 
as  well  as  of  international  law  now  living.  In  1853  Mr. 
Woodbury  declined  the  mission  to  Bolivia,  which  was 
tendered  to  him  by  President  Franklin  Pierce.  He 
was  elected  as  a  representative  to  the  State  Legislature 
of  New  Hampshire  in  1857.  In  the  same  year  he  was 
appointed  United  States  district  attorney  for  Massachu- 
setts. Mr.  Woodbury  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1870  and    1871.     He  has  never  aspired 


CHARLES    LEVI    WOODBURY. 


to  political  office,  although,  in  addition  to  his  lifelong 
devotion  to  the  principles  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
Andrew  Jackson,  with  the  latter  of  whom  he  was  per- 
sonally acquainted,  he  has  often  held  important  posi- 
tions in  Democratic  organizations,  and  has  been  a 
frequent  speaker  in  defence  of  the  principles  of  the 
Democratic  party  in  presidential  campaigns.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
Society,    and    an    honorary   member   of    the    historical 

societies    of     Maine 
and    New    Hamp- 
shire.     Mr.  Wood- 
bury has    held    high 
offices    in    the    York 
and  Scottish  rites  of 
the  Masonic  organi- 
zation,   and    is    now 
second  officer  of  the 
Supreme  Council   of 
the    latter   body,    as 
well  as  a  member  of 
the   Board    of   Trus- 
tees  of    the    Grand 
Lodge  of  Massachu- 
setts.    Mr.    Wood- 
bury  has   also  done 
considerable    legal 
literary   work,  being 
one  of  the  compilers 
of   three  volumes  of 
"Woodbury    and 
Minot's      Reports," 
and   editor   of    the 
second   and    third 
volumes   of    "Levi 
\Voodbury's    W  r  i  t  - 
ings."     On  the  ques- 
tion of  the  fisheries, 
which  has  led  to  so 
much  discussion  be- 
tween this  country  and  Canada,  Mr.  Woodbury  is  one  of 
the  foremost  authorities  in  the  LInited  States,  and  he  has 
published  several  volumes  dealing  with  this  and  other 
questions  involving  our  diplomatic  relations  with  Great 
Britain.     He  is  also  an  authority  on  antiquarian,  masonic, 
political  and  historical  subjects,  on  which  he  has  from 
time  to  time  delivered  numerous  speeches  and  orations. 
In  Boston,  as  well  as  in  Washington,  Mr.  Woodbury  has 
long  been  a  conspicuous  and  familiar  figure. 


BOSTON. 


175 


WHEN  Governor  Russell,  in  May,  1892,  appointed 
John  ^Villiam  Corcoran  as  associate  justice  of 
the  Superior  Court,   the   Democracy  of  Massachusetts 
lost  one  of  its  most  influential  workers,  but  the  bench 
gained  a  useful  and  honored  member.     Judge  Corcoran 
has  probably  led   more  forlorn  hopes   than  any  other 
man  in  Massachusetts  politics,  having  been  a  candidate 
for  State  senator  once,  for  district  attorney  of  Worcester 
County  twice,  for  attorney-general  twice,  and  for  lieu- 
tenant-governor four 
times.      His    promi- 
nence as  a  candidate 
on    the    Democratic 
State  ticket  involved 
an  immense  amount 
of  campaign  service, 
and    has    made    his 
name    as   familiar 
throughout  New  Eng- 
land as  those  of  Rus- 
sell,   Collins,    Prince 
or     Matthews.      He 
never  became  so  fas- 
cinated with  politics, 
however,  as  to  let  it 
impede  his  progress 
in  the   legal    profes- 
sion,   in    which,    by 
close      attention     to 
work,      he     attained 
high     rank.      Gifted 
with  versatile  talents, 
the  practical  side  of 
his  character  has  won 
for    him    the     large 
measure    of    respect 
that    is    felt    by   all 
who     have     been 
brought   into    either 
business  or  political 

association  with  him.  He  was  born,  June  14,  1853,  at 
Batavia,  N.  Y.,  whither  his  parents  had  gone  from  Clin- 
ton, Mass.  His  family  returning  to  Clinton,  he  attended 
the  public  schools  in  that  town,  afterwards  taking  a 
preparatory  course  at  Holy  Cross  College,  Worcester, 
then  continuing  his  studies  at  St.  John's,  Fordham,  in 
New  York,  and  graduating  from  the  Boston  University 
Law  School  in  1875.  Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar, 
he  opened  an  office  in  Clinton,  and  later  formed  a  ]iart- 


JOHN    W.    CORCORAN 


nership  with  Herbert  Parker.  Since  1889  he  has  had 
an  ofifice  in  Boston.  Mr.  Corcoran  was  appointed  in 
January,  1886,  receiver  of  the  Lancaster  National  Bank, 
whose  president  had  absconded,  leaving  the  bank  bur- 
dened with  worthless  paper,  and  its  vaults  rifled  of  the 
most  valuable  securities.  In  the  following  July  Mr. 
Corcoran  declared  a  dividend  of  fifty  per  cent,  and 
dividends  periodically  thereafter  until  the  creditors 
received  one  hundred  and  nine  per  c  ent,  in  full  of  their 

claims,  including  in- 
terest, for  all  of  which 
he  was  the  recipient 
of  special  mention  by 
the  comptroller  of 
the  currency.  His 
fellow-citizens  in 
Clinton  have  made 
him  school  commit- 
teeman, town  solic- 
itor, secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Water 
Board,  and  president 
of  the  Board  of  Trade. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  Democratic  State 
Committee   from 

1883  until  his  resig- 
nation in  1892,  and 
its  chairman  two 
years ;  delegate  to 
the  National  Demo- 
cratic conventions  of 

1884  and  1 888,  be- 
ing chairman  of  the 
Massachusetts  dele- 
gation in  the  latter 
year;  judge-advo- 
cate general  on  Gov- 
ernor Russell's  staff, 
and  ^chairman  of  the 

Massachusetts  Board  of  ^Lanagers  of  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition,  resigning  on  his  appointment  to  the 
bench.  As  candidate  for  lieutenant-governor  in  1888, 
1889,  1890  and  1 89 1,  he  ran  ahead  of  all  the  other  Dem- 
ocratic candidates  except  the  head  of  the  ticket  in  the 
three  years  last  named.  He  was  married  in  18S1  to 
Margaret  J.,  daughter  of  Patrick  and  Mary  McDonald, 
of  Boston.  They  have  two  daughters  and  one  son. 
Judge  Corcoran  resides  in  Clinton. 


176 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


NO   State  in  the  Union  has  more  effective  laws  to 
prevent  the  adulteration  of  foods  than  has  Mas- 
sachusetts.    A  good  share   of   this  legislation  owes    its 
origin  to  Professor  James  Francis  Babcock,  a  chemist 
of  national  reputation,  and  also  known  as  the  inventor 
of  the  Babcock  Fire  Extinguisher.     In  an  eminent  de- 
gree he  combines  scientific   attainments  with   practical 
ability,  and  has  been  successful  as  an  original  investi- 
gator and  as  a  man  of  business.     He  was  born  in  Boston, 
Feb.    23,    1844,   the 
son  of  Archibald   D. 
and  Fanny  F.  (Rich- 
ards)    Babcock. 
Graduating  from  the 
Quincy   Gram  m  a  r 
School  in   1857  and 
from  the  English 
High  School  in  i860, 
h  e    matriculated    a  t 
Harvard,    where,    in 
the    Lawrence    S  c  i  - 
entific  School,  under 
Professor  E.  N.  Hors- 
ford,  he  took  up  the 
special   study  of 
chemistry.  Complet- 
ing   the    course,   h  e 
began    the    practice 
of  chemistry  in  Bos- 
ton,  where    he  has 
since   lived.     As   a 
chemical   expert    he 
soon  acquired  a  rep- 
u  tati  on   which  has 
steadily   grown   with 
the  years.     The    di- 
rectors  of   the  Mas- 
sachusetts College  of 
Pharmacy  called  him 
to  the  chair  of  chem- 
istry in  that  institution  in  1869.     He  held   this  position 
until  1874,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  professorship 
of  chemistry  in  Boston  University,  and  remained  there 
until  1880.     As   an  instructor,   Professor  Babcock  had 
the   faculty   of    inspiring   those    who   came    under   his 
guidance  with  his  own  enthusiasm  for  science,  and  his 
treatment  of  obscure  problems  in  the  laboratory  is  said 
to    have   been   remarkably    lucid.     In    1875    Governor 
Gaston  appointed  him  State  Assayer  and  Inspector  of 


JAMES    F.    BABCOCK 


Liquors,  and  he  continued  in  this  office  through  every 
administration  until  1885,  having  been  re-appointed  by 
Governors  Rice,  Talbot,  Long,  Butler  and  Robinson. 
Among  the  services  which  Professor  Babcock  rendered 
to  the  Commonwealth  during  his  long  tenure  of  office 
as  State  assayer,  is  to  be  noted  his  successful  advocacy 
of  legislation  defining  the  term  "  intoxicating  liquor," 
and  setting  the  three  per  cent,  limit  (subsequently  re- 
duced to  one  per  cent.),  which  was  incorporated  into  the 

Statutes  of  1880.    In 
1885  Mayor  O'Brien 
appointed    Professor 
Babcock  inspector  of 
milk  for  the  city  of 
Boston.      He    held 
this  office  four  years, 
and  greatly  increased 
its  efficiency  by  im- 
proving the  methods 
of   carrying   out  the 
details    of   the  work 
of   the   office.      Pro- 
fessor Babcock  suc- 
ceeded   in    almost 
wholly  suppressing 
the  use  of  arnotto  and 
other   coloring   mat- 
ter   in    milk,    which 
had  previously  been 
universal  among  the 
dealers.     This  diffi- 
cult   task    Professor 
Babcock   accom- 
plished  by  the    dis- 
covery and   applica- 
tion of  new  methods 
for  the   detection  of 
coloring    matters    in 
milk.      These  meth- 
ods have  since  been 
adopted  by   milk  analysts  in  many  other  cities.     As  a 
chemical  expert  Professor  Babcock  has  frequently  been 
called  upon  to  testify  in  important  court  cases  in  this 
and  other  States,  and   his  opinions  are  accepted  as  final 
in  matters  connected  with   his   profession.     He   is  also 
well  known  as  a  lyceum  lecturer  on  scientific  subjects, 
which    he    treats    in   a    popular   style    and    with   great 
clearness.     In  1865  he  married  Mary  Porter  Crosby,  of 
Boston.     They  have  three  children. 


BOSTON. 


17; 


ANDREW   JACKSON    BAILEY,  city   solicitor,  has 
charge  of   Boston's  interests  in  the  courts.     As 
attorney  and  as  legislator  he  had  given  ample  proof  that 
they  would   be    safe    in   his   keeping,  and  he  has  fully 
justified  the  predictions  that  were  made  at  the  time  of 
his  election  in  188 1.     Mr.  Bailey  was   born  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  July  18,  1840,  the  son  of  Barker  and  Alice 
(Ayers)  Bailey.     He  was  educated  at  the  public  schools 
and  at  Harvard,  being  a  member   of  the  class  of  1863. 
He  enlisted  in  1861 
in    the    Charlestown 
City    Guards,    Com- 
pany K,  Fifth   Regi- 
ment, and  was  in  the 
first   battle    of    Bull 
Run.       In    1864    he 
again    enlisted,    and 
was     commissioned 
lieutenant    in    Com- 
l)any  H,  Fifth  Regi- 
ment.    At  the  close 
of    the    war,    Mr. 
Bailey     began      the 
study  of  law,  and  in 
1866    was    elected 
clerk   of    the   police 
court    in    Charles- 
town,     holding     that 
office  until  187 1.    He 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1867.     A  ser- 
vice of   four  te  rms 
in  the  General  Court 
gave  him  a  wide  ex- 
perience   in   legisla- 
tive matters,  and  he 
made  a  most  credit- 
able   record    in    the 
House   as   chairman 
of  the  Committee  on 

Mercantile  Affairs,  and  of  the  Committee  on  Elections. 
In  the  Senate  he  served  on  the  Committee  on  the 
Hoosac  Tunnel  Railroad,  and  was  instrumental  in  the 
legislation  which  resulted  in  the  State's  parting  with 
the  tunnel.  In  the  Senate,  as  chairman  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Labor  Matters,  he  secured  the  passage  of  the  first 
bill  regulating  the  employment  of  women  and  children 
in  manufacturing  establishments.  Mr.  Bailey  was  a 
member  of  the  Common  Council  of  Charlestown  in  1868 


ANDREW   J.    BAILEY, 


and  1869,  and  of  the  School  Committee  from  1869  to 
1872,  and  was  president  of  the  Council  in  1869.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Common  Council  of  Boston  in 
1880  and  1 88 1,  and  was  president  of  that  body  in  the 
latter  year.  He  resigned  in  November,  and  was  sub- 
sequently elected  city  solicitor,  which  office  he  has 
since  held  continuously  by  election  or  appointment. 
Mr.  Bailey  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  veterans,  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 

Soldiers'    Home    i  n 
Massachusetts,     and 
has  been  on  the  Board 
of  Trustees  since  its 
incorporation.    He  is 
a  member   of  Post 
II,    G.    A.    R.,   and 
was    for    two    years 
judge-advocate    of 
the    Department    of 
Massachusetts.     Mr. 
Bailey  is  one  of  the 
charter   members  of 
Faith  Lodge  of  Free 
Masons,  and  a  mem- 
ber   of   Hugh    de 
Payen  Commandery. 
He  is  a  member  of 
the      Massachusetts 
Commandery  of  the 
Loyal  Legion,  and  of 
the    Bunker  Hill 
Monument    Associa- 
tion.    In    1869    Mr. 
Bailey   was    married 
to    Miss  Abby  V. 
Getchell,  of  Charles- 
town.   As  city  solici- 
tor  Mr.    Bailey    has 
been  singularly  fortu- 
nate  in   his    trial    of 
causes  for  the  municipality,  and  not  the  slightest  criti- 
cism has  ever  been  passed  upon  his  management  of  the 
city's  interests  entrusted    to   his  care.     That  he  enjoys 
the  impHcit  confidence  of  all    his    fellow-citizens,  irre- 
spective of  party,  and  is  well  liked  in  social  as  well  as  in 
legal  circles,  shows  better  than  anything  else   the  fine 
qualities  of  the  man.     Mr.  Bailey  is  regarded  as  a  man 
of  sound  judgment,  whose  opinion  is  sure  to  be  the  result 
of  careful  consideration. 


178 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  youngest  of  the  leading  New  England  financiers 
is  Dwight  Braman.     He    is    the  eldest  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Colonel  Jarvis  Dwight  Braman,  and  was 
born  in   Boston,   March    6,    1861.     He  comes  from  a 
family  which  for  six  generations  has  been  noted  for  its 
public   spirit.     Impatient   to  enter  the   financial  world, 
Mr.  Braman  declined  to  go  to  college  with  most  of  his 
associates,  but  went  into  business  instead.     He  was  the 
youngest   member  ever   elected    to    the    Boston   Stock 
Exchange.      One  of 
his   first,  as  well   as 
one  of  his   greatest, 
financial      undertak- 
ings, which  had  pre- 
viously   caused    the 
collapse    of    other 
financiers,    was    the 
absorption,       single- 
handed,  of  the  East- 
ern   Railroad.      The 
stock  was  practically 
worthless  as  a   divi- 
dend-paying   invest- 
ment,   but    by    for- 
mulating   p  1  a  n  s  to 
remove  the  obstacles 
and  appealing  to  the 
Supreme    Court   of 
Massachusetts  on  one 
of   the    finest  points 
of   law    ever    made, 
Mr.  Braman  won  the 
case,  the  debt  of  the 
road    was    reduced 
from  sixteen  to   ten 
million   dollars,   and 
the  stock  was  made  a 
dividend-paying  one. 
And   this  when   Mr. 
Braman    was    only 

twenty-five  years  of  age.  He  next  planned  the  consoli- 
dation of  the  Eastern  with  the  Boston  &  Maine,  and  in 
this  made  several  millions  for  himself  and  his  associates. 
This  consolidation  was  effected  after  the  necessary 
legislation  in  various  States  had  been  secured.  Mr. 
Braman's  next  great  plan  was  the  uniting  of  all  the 
street  railway  lines  in  Boston  under  one  management, 
which  was  successfully  accomplished.  He  next  opened 
negotiations  for  the  control  and  i)urchase  of  the  Pough- 


DWIGHT   BRAMAN 


keepsie  Bridge  and  the  connecting  roads  into  New 
York,  New  Jersey  and  Connecticut,  which  he  regarded 
as  of  vital  importance  to  Boston  interests.  Mr.  Braman 
got  control  of  the  bridge,  but  owing  to  the  sudden 
death  of  the  manager  of  the  Boston  &  Maine,  it  was 
turned  over  to  the  Reading,  which  made  possible  the 
formation  of  the  famous  coal  combination.  Mr.  Braman 
then  set  to  work  to  get  the  Reading  interested  in  the 
Boston  &:  Maine,  so  that  the  two  combinations  could  be 

operated  together  in 
harmony  under   one 
management,  the 
Reading    controlling 
the   coal    fields    and 
the  Boston  &  Maine 
supplying    the    mar- 
ket.    This  great  con- 
solidation of  interests 
was    finally    effected, 
bringing   under    one 
head    nine  thousand 
miles   of    track   and 
one      hundred     and 
twenty  thousand  em- 
ployees.      Mr.    Bra- 
man is  president  of 
the  San  Diego  Land 
and  Town  Company 
and  of  the  National 
City  &  Otay  Railroad 
Company,  and   trus- 
tee   or    director    in 
many  large  corpora- 
tions.    His  ambition 
has   always   been   to 
see    Boston    have   a 
great  through  trunk- 
line  of  its  own,  inde- 
pendent of   rival  in- 
terests, and  this  has 
now,  in  great  measure  through  his  efforts,  been  accom- 
plished.    He  is  fond  of  athletics  and  is  an  accomplished 
horseman    and    yachtsman.       He    is   also    a   patron  of 
music  and   art.     Mr.  Braman  is   unmarried.     His  vast 
financial  interests,  his  deeds  of  service  to  others,  includ- 
ing the  gift  of  a  library,  the  endowment  of  a  hospital 
for   consumptives   and  numerous  other   useful   acts   of 
charity  and  benevolence  quietly  administered,  have  kept 
him  fully  occupied. 


BOSTON. 


179 


ORGANIZED  effort,  directed  by  a  liberal  and  far- 
seeing  public  spirit,  has  always  characterized  the 
leading  business  men  of  Boston,  and  has  accomplished 
much  for  the  general  good.     In  no  city  of  the  country 
is  there   to  be   found  a  more  efficient  and  influential 
body   of    business   men    than    the    Boston    Merchants' 
Association.     It  has  been  more  prominently  identified 
than  any  other  organization  with  the  work  of  securing 
national  legislation  in  the  interests  of  trade,  its  influence 
having  been  most  po- 
tent  at    Washington 
in   behalf    of    a   na- 
tional bankruptcy 
law  and  many  other 
measures.    Upon  the 
shoulders  of  Beverly 
K.   Moore,  secretary 
of   the  Boston  Mer- 
chants'   Association, 
has   fallen   no    small 
share  of  the  burden 
and  responsibility  of 
bringing     these 
weighty  matters  to  a 
successful  issue.     By 
natural    ability,    and 
by  a  varied    experi- 
ence in  legal,  finan- 
cial and  commercial 
affairs,    he     has 
been   handsomely 
equipped  for  his  du- 
ties.    Mr.  Moore  has 
probably    had    more 
experience  in  Wash- 
ington than  any  other 
New  Englander  who 
is   not    a    legislator. 
He  was  born  in  Bid- 
deford.  Me.,  Nov.  25, 

1847,  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Juliet  Kendal  Moore. 
Coming  to  Massachusetts  in  early  life,  he  read  law  in  Bos- 
ton in  1869  and  1870,  and  then  for  several  years  travelled 
throughout  the  West  and  South  in  the  interest  of  a 
leading  mercantile  agency  of  New  York.  In  1876  he 
returned  to  Boston,  where  he  established  a  branch  of 
the  agency  and  remained  in  charge  of  it  about  two 
years.  The  two  following  years  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  Louisville  (Ky.)  branch  of  Bradstreet's  Agency. 


BEVERLY    K.    MOORE 


Returning  again  to  Boston,  in  1 881,  he  opened  a  law  and 
collection  business,  which  has  ever  since  been  remark- 
ably prosperous,  growing  to  such  proportions  that  it  was 
found  necessary  to  incorporate  it.  This  was  done  in 
1889,  under  the  name  of  the  Mercantile  Law  Company, 
with  Mr.  Moore  as  its  president.  The  company  has 
entire  charge  of  the  collection  department  of  the  Bos- 
ton Merchants'  Association,  and  has  associate  offices  in 
all  the  large  cities.     The  collection  department  of  the 

Merchants'    Associa- 
tion was  established 
by     Mr.     Moore    in 
1883.     In    commer- 
cial circles  through- 
out the  country  Mr. 
Moore    is   widely 
known.     At   the  an- 
nual meeting  of  the 
Associated  Law  and 
Collection  Offices,  in 
June,    i8gi,    he    was 
chosen  president    of 
the  organization.    He 
has  also  been  treas- 
urer   of    the    Home 
Market    Club    for   a 
number  of  years,  and 
has   contributed 
much,  in  connection 
with  Colonel  Clarke, 
toward  the  effective- 
ness of   that  organi- 
zation.    Mr.  Moore's 
manifold    duties,    as 
secretary  of  the  Bos- 
ton   Merchants'  "As- 
sociation   (an   office 
which    he    has   held 
since  1883),  as  treas- 
urer  of    the    Home 
Market  Club,  and  as  president  of  the  Mercantile  Law 
Company,  are  sufficient  to  tax  the  energies  of  ten  ordi- 
nary men.     But  in  addition  to  these  he  has  important 
private  business   interests.     He   finds   at    his  beautiful 
home  in   Newtonville  —  the  Governor  Claflin  estate  — 
his  only  rest  and  relaxation  from  business  cares.     Mr. 
Moore  was  married  in   1876  to  Miss  Annie  T.  Hooper, 
daughter  of  Colonel  E.  H.  C.  Hooper,  of  Biddeford,  Me. 
They  have  five  children. 


i8o 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  fortune  of  George  Fordyce  Blake,  the  head  of 
that  great  enterprise,  the  George  F.  Blake  Manu- 
facturing Company,  was  founded  on  his  invention  of  a 
steam  pump,  many  years  ago.     He  was  born  in  Farm- 
ington,  Me.,  on  May  20,  1819,  being  the  son  of  Thomas 
Dawes  Blake.     Mr.   Blake  is  descended  from  a  famous 
New  England  family,  one  of  his  ancestors  being  William 
Blake,  who  came   to  this  country  in   1630  from  Little 
Baddow,    Essex,    England,    to    settle    in    Dorchester. 
When    the    War   of 
the     Revolution 
broke    out.   Increase 
Blake,  grandfather  of 
George   F.,   was    liv- 
ing in  Boston,  where 
he   was    engaged    in 
the    manufacture    of 
tin-plate  goods.     He 
refused  to  supply  the 
British    troo]>s    with 
canteens,  and  in 
retaliation    they   de- 
stroyed his  shop  and 
other     property. 
Thomas  Dawes  Blake 
was  born  in  Boston, 
studied    medicine, 
and  after  a  time  set- 
tled   in  Farmington, 
Me.     George   F.,  at 
the  age  of   fourteen, 
was    apprenticed   to 
the  trade  of    house- 
build  i  n  g  ,    and   in 
1839    left     Farm- 
ington  and  went  to 
Peabody,     Mass., 
where  he  worked  at 
his  trade  seven  years. 
Then  he  entered  the 

employ  of  Peter  Hubbell,  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  as  mechan- 
ical engineer  at  Mr.  Hubbell's  brick-yards,  where  he  had 
general  charge  of  the  works.  In  1862  he  was  granted 
a  patent  for  a  water  meter.  In  time,  the  brick-yards 
having  been  removed  to  Medford,  it  was  found  that 
the  clay  there  could  not  be  worked  with  the  ordinary 
machinery.  Mr.  Blake,  therefore,  planned  and  con- 
structed a  new  machine  for  pulverizing  the  clay,  and 
patented  this   invention  in    1861.     The  clay  pits  con- 


GEORGE    F.    BLAKE 


stantly  filled  with  water,  and  Mr.  Blake  set  to  work  to 
overcome  this  difficulty.  The  result  was  the  Blake 
steam  pump,  which  is  perhaps  his  greatest  mechanical 
triumph.  The  pump  was  put  to  severe  tests  in  the  clay 
pits  to  keep  them  free  of  water,  and  the  new  invention 
was  found  to  be  a  nearly  perfect  thing.  In  1864  Mr. 
Blake,  in  association  with  Job  A.  Turner  and  Peter 
Hubbell,  began  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  these  pumps 
and  water  meters  in  a  little  shop  on  Province  Street, 

Boston.      Growing 
business  caused  sev- 
eral     successive 
removals,    until,    i  n 
1873,  the  firm  occu- 
pied   a   large    build- 
ing at  the  corner  of 
Causeway      and 
Friend  streets.     The 
foundry   for   large 
castings  was  at  East 
Cambridge.    In  1874 
a    joint   stock   com- 
pany  was   formed, 
tinder     the    title    of 
"The    George     F. 
Blake      Manufactur- 
ing Company,"  with 
George    F.  Blake   as 
its  president.     In 
1879    ^he    plant    of 
the  Knowles  Steam- 
\i\\\\\\i  Works  at  War- 
ren, Mass.,  was  pur- 
chased, and  in  1890 
the    Blake  Company 
removed    its    manu- 
factory to  East  Cam- 
bridge, where  it  now 
occupies    works 
covering   four  acres, 
and  with  a  main  building  four  hundred  feet  long  and 
one    hundred    feet   wide.     The   business    was    recently 
purchased  by  an  English  syndicate,  but  Mr.  Blake  still 
retains  an  interest  in  it.     The  company  has  built  some 
of  the  most  notable  steam  pumps  in  use,  some  having  a 
capacity  of  twenty  million  gallons  of  water  in  twenty- 
four  hours.     Mr.  Blake  possesses,  in  a  high  degree,  the 
rare  combination  of  inventive  talents  and  great  business 
ability. 


BOSTON. 


iSl 


^      )^|^*^^' 


AMONG  the  manufacturers  of  New  England  none 
stand  higher  in  the  estimation  of  their  fellows 
than  John  Hopewell,  Jr.,  who  was  born  in  Greenfield, 
Mass.,  in  F"ebruary,  1844.  When  he  was  one  year  old 
his  parents  moved  to  Shelburne  Falls,  where  he  lived 
until  1 86 1.  He  attended  school  until  he  was  fourteen  ; 
he  then  went  with  Lanison,  Goodnow  &  Co.,  and  learned 
the  cutlery  trade.  During  a  part  of  this  time  he  at- 
tended night  school  at  the  academy.  He  then  studied  at 
a  private  school  until 
he  went  to  Spring- 
field   to   live,    where  

he  procured  employ- 
ment with  the  Wason 
Manufacturing  Com- 
pany. During  the 
war  young  Hopewell 
worked  in  the  United 
States  Armory,  and 
at  the  close  of  the 
Rebellion  he  was  dis- 
charged, owing  t  o 
an  order  from  Wash- 
ington to  get  rid  of 
all  the  single  men. 
During  this  time  he 
thoroughly  mastered 
book-keeping,  a  n  d 
procured  a  position 
as  accountant,  but 
his  active  tempera- 
ment made  the  work 
distasteful  to  him. 
He  next  engaged  in 
the  publishing  busi- 
ness in  Albany.  As 
a  new  venture  he 
sold  L.  C.  Chase  & 
Co.'s  robes  and 
blankets    for    Josiah 

Cumraings,  of  Springfield.  During  this  time  he  made 
arrangements  to  handle  Chase's  goods  on  the  road,  and 
then  came  to  Boston  as  their  representative.  He  thus 
came  in  close  contact  with  the  Chases,  L.  C.  and 
H.  F.,  who  were  at  the  head  of  their  business  in  this 
country.  They,  in  comjiany  with  Thomas  Goodall,  had 
just  formed  a  partnership  in  the  erection  of  the  Sanford 
Mills.  The  business  grew  rapidly  from  the  time  Mr. 
Hopewell  connected  himself  with  the  concern,  and  in  a 


JOHN    HOPEWELL,    JR. 


short  time  he  succeeded  the  Chases,  between  whom 
and  himself  the  most  pleasant  friendship  has  continued 
to  exist.  Mr.  Hopewell  is  an  ardent  jirotectionist,  and 
he  believes  that  the  permanent  good  of  the  country 
depends  upon  the  protective  principle.  He  has  been  a 
director,  and  one  of  the  most  active  members,  of  the 
Home  Market  Club  since  its  organization,  and  on  more 
than  one  occasion  has  given  public  utterance  to  his 
\iews  in  an  able  manner      In    1891   Mr.  Hopewell  was 

elected  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts     Legisla- 
ture,  but    owing    to 
ill  health  he  was  un- 
able   to    attend     its 
sessions,  or  take   an 
active  part  in  its  de- 
liberations.     Re- 
garded as  one  of  the 
foremost   business 
men   and    financiers 
of  the  East,  it  is  not 
surprising    that    h  i  s 
support     is     usually 
sought  in   behalf   of 
imjjortant     commer- 
cial ventures.    Direc- 
torships innumerable 
have  been  tendered 
him,    but    his    firm's 
interests    have    pre- 
vented    his    accept- 
ance   thereof,    and 
l:)eyond  a  seat  at  the 
board  of  one  impor- 
tant  bank,  and  sev- 
eral  other  organiza- 
tions, he  has  hitherto 
declined   all  such 
offers.     Three    years 
ago    Mr.    Hopewell 
became  interested  in  Southern  enterprises,  and  became 
vice-president,  and  on  the  death  of  General  Fiske  was 
elected  president,  of  the  company  that  created  Harri- 
man,   the    new   city  of   Tennessee.     The    latter   office, 
which    has    since    been    assumed    by    Ex-Postmaster 
Thomas    L.  James,  of    New   York,    he    declined.     Mr. 
Hopewell  is  a  member  of  the  Cambridge,  Colonial  and 
L^nion  clubs   of   Cambridge,  and   of   the    Art     Club  of 
Boston. 


l82 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  history  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  forms  an 
integral  part  of  the  history  of  Massachusetts,  not 
only  of  to-day,  but  of  the  past,  and  the  career  of  its 
president,  Mr.  C.  F.  Choate,  is  of  interest  to  all  who  are 
i  nterested  in  the  welfare  of  the  State.  That  he  came  to 
his  present  position  well  equipped  for  the  duties  of  the 
oiifice  is  evidenced  by  the  giant  strides  that  the  company 
has  made,  showing  an  enterprise  well  and  wisely 
directed  which  has  made  itself  felt  all  over  the  countrv. 
Charles  Francis 
Choate,  son  of  Dr. 
George  and  Marga- 
ret (Hodges)  Choate, 
was  born  in  Salem, 
Essex  County,  May 
i6,  1828.  He  is  a 
lineal  descendant  of 
J  o  h  n  C  h  o  a  t  e,  t  h  e 
common  ancestor  of 
this  distinguished 
family  in  Massachu- 
setts. John  Choate 
came  from  the  west 
of  England  to  the 
colonies  about  1641, 
and  settled  at  Che- 
bacco,  now  Essex. 
The  early  education 
of  Mr.  Choate  was 
received  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Salem, 
ending  in  the  Salem 
Latin  School,  where 
he  prepared  for  col- 
lege. He  was  grad- 
uated from  Harvard 
in  the  class  of  1849. 
He  then  became  a 
tutor  in  mathematics, 
and  while  discharg- 
ing the  duties  appertaining  to  his  position  also  attended 
the  law  and  scientific  schools  of  the  university.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  County  bar  in  September, 
1855,  and  at  once  opened  a  law  ofifice  in  Boston.  His 
legal  practice  was  largely  devoted  to  railroad  interests, 
including  those  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  Company, 
of  which  he  was  counsel.  The  knowledge  and  experi- 
ence thus  gained  in  twenty-two  years  of  professional  life 
eminently  qualified  him  for  the  position  he  now  holds. 


C.    F.    CHOATE. 


Mr.  Choate's  ]irimary  association  with  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad  was  in  the  capacity  of  counsellor  to  the  corpo- 
ration, having  been  employed  as  such  since  1865.  In 
1872  he  was  elected  to  membership  in  the  board  of 
directors,  and  in  1877  was  chosen  the  ]jresident  of  the 
company  by  a  unanimous  vote.  Since  that  time  he 
has  been  honored  with  consecutive  annual  re-elections. 
Since  his  administration  began,  the  record  of  the  road 
has  been  one  of  continuous  and  remarkable  prosperity 

and  growth.     Simul- 
taneously  with    his 
election  to  the  pres- 
idency   of    the    Old 
Colony  Railroad 
Company   he    was 
elected  to  the  pres- 
idency  of    the    Old 
Colony      Steam- 
boat Company.     Mr. 
Choate   has   been   a 
director     and     vice- 
president  of  the  New 
England  Trust  Com- 
pany   for    several 
years,   and    is    vice- 
president  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Hospital 
Life  Insurance  Coni- 
])any  ;  InU  witli  these 
exceptions  he  has  de- 
clined to  accept  any 
office  in  addition  to 
those    in    which    he 
has  won  so  much  dis- 
tinction, and  the  du- 
ties and  responsibil- 
ities of  which  are 
sufficiently    exacting 
for    the    abilities    of 
any    one   adminis- 
trator.    Mr.   Choate  was  married  in  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Nov 
7,    1855,    to    Elizabeth    W.,    daughter   of   Edward    and 
Hannah  (Thompson)  Carlile,  of  Providence,  R.  I.     Of 
this   union  were  five  children :    Edward    C,    Sarah   C. 
(wife    of    J.  Montgomery    Sears),   Margaret    M.    (wife 
of    Nathaniel    I.    Bowditch),   Helen,    and    Charles    F. 
Choate,  Jr.     The  last-named  is  a  successful   lawyer  in 
Boston.     Mr.  Choate  lives  on    Beacon  Street,  and  his 
countrv  residence  is  in  Southboro. 


BOSTON. 


18^ 


T( )  the  great  majority  of  lawyers  success  at  the  bar 
comes  only  after  many  years  of  struggle.  To  W. 
E.  L.  Dillaway,  however,  it  came  before  he  had  even 
been  admitted  to  the  bar.  At  the  age  of  nineteen, 
while  studying  in  the  office  of  A.  A.  Ranney  and  Nathan 
Morse,  he  argued  his  first  brief  before  the  full  bench  of 
the  Massachusetts  Su])reme  Court,  and  won  his  case. 
That  success  was  followed  by  an  almost  unbroken  line 
of  legal  victories,  quite  unprecedented  in  a  young  man, 
until,  at  the  age  of 
thirty-six,  Mr.  Dilla- 
way retired  from 
practice  to  devote 
his  entire  time  to  his 
vast  financial  inter- 
ests. Born  in  Bos- 
ton, Feb.  17,  1852, 
Mr.  Dillaway  is  a 
descendant  of  one  of 
the  oldest  Boston 
families.  He  was 
educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  and  after 
graduating  at  the 
English  High  School 
he  took  a  special 
course  at  Harvard, 
graduating  from  the 
law  department  i  n 
the  class  of  i  8  7  i 
when  but  eighteen 
years  old.  Two 
years  of  study  in  the 
office  of  Ranney  & 
Morse  followed,  and 
in  1873,  before  he 
had  attained  his  ma- 
jority, Mr.  Dillaway 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  He  had  al- 
ready had  an  extensive  experience  as  a  jury  lawyer,  his 
persuasive  eloquence  and  his  ready  wit,  combined  with 
his  legal  acumen,  making  him  unusually  successful  in 
jury  cases.  After  remaining  with  Messrs.  Ranney  & 
Morse  for  a  time,  Mr.  Dillaway  engaged  in  general 
practice.  From  the  very  beginning  of  his  legal  career, 
Mr.  Dillaway  had  the  largest  and  most  lucrative  practice 
enjoyed  ^by  any  young  man  at  the  bar  in  Boston.  Be- 
sides being  the  attorney  for  many  banks  and  corpora- 


W.   E.   L.   DILLAWAY 


tions,  he  was  prominently  identified  as  counsel  in  the 
Smith  will  case,  in  the  patent  litigation  of  the  National 
Pump  Association,  in  the  failure  of  the  famous  Pacific 
National  Bank,  and  in  numerous  other  important  cases. 
He  was  also  counsel  for  the  West  End  Street  Railway 
Company,  having  entire  charge  of  its  legislative  matters, 
upon  which  all  its  subsequent  success  was  founded. 
Mr.  Dillaway  was  sole  counsel  for  the  Bay  State  Gas 
Company,  in  all  its  controversies  for  admission  to  the 

right  t o  d  o  busi- 
ness in  Massachu- 
setts, and  in  the 
course  of  that  litiga- 
tion was  opposed  at 
one  time  or  another 
by  all  the  leading 
lawyers  of  the  State. 
In  every  case  he  was 
successful.  He  had 
charge  of  the  nego- 
tiations, oftentimes 
delicate  and  compli- 
cated, which  brought 
about  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  gas  com- 
panies in  Boston,  and 
is  a  director  in  all  of 
them,  as  well  as  being 
the  heaviest  owner 
of  gas  stock  in  Bos- 
^  ton.      In    1888    Mr. 

%  Dillaway  retired  from 

the  practice  of  law, 
having  found  that  his 
])rivate  business  and 
that  of  the  corpora- 
tions with  which  he 
is  connected  called 
for  his  entire  atten- 
tion. He  owns  a 
controlling  interest  in  the  stock  of  the  Mechanics  Na- 
tional Bank,  of  which  his  brother,  Mr.  C.  O.  L.  Dilla- 
way, is  the  president.  He  is  one  of  the  heaviest 
real  estate  owners  and  taxpayers  in  Boston,  and  has 
large  interests  in  the  West.  In  1888  Mr.  Dillaway 
was  selected  to  deliver  the  Fourth  of  July  oration  for 
the  city  of  Boston.  He  is  an  enthusiastic  collector  of 
rare  books,  bronzes,  etchings  and  prints.  Mr.  Dillaway 
was  married  in  1874  to  Miss  Gertrude  St.  Clair  Eaton, 


1 84 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ONE  of  the  prominent  men  in  the  journalistic  circles 
of  Boston  at  the  present  time  is  Colonel  Edwin 
Hutton  Woods,  to  whose  original  business  methods  and 
inventive  genius  the  Boston  Heralil  is  largely  indebted 
for  its  commanding  position.  Mr.  Woods  was  born  in 
Boston,  Oct.  6,  1843,  and  at  the  age  of  fourteen  began 
his  career  in  the  hardware  store  of  Allen  &  Noble. 
His  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools,  but 
he  secured  some  mercantile  instruction  by  a  course  in  a 
commercial  college. 
In  1862,  although 
but  nineteen  years 
of  age,  he  enlisted 
in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  as  sergeant 
of  Company  E,  Vox- 
tieth  Regiment,  and 
while  marching  t  o 
Miner's  Hill,  Vir- 
ginia, in  September 
of  the  same  year,  re 
ceived  a  severe  sun- 
stroke, which  d  i  s  - 
abled  him  to  such  a 
degree  that  he  was 
discharged  from  the 
army  the  following 
spring.  Returning 
to  his  native  city,  he 
sought  employment 
in  the  counting-room 
of  the  Herald  as  a 
book-keeper,  and  his 
employers  soon  real- 
ized how  valuable  an 
acquisition  he  was  to 
the  working  force  of 
that  paper.  At  that 
time  there  were  but 
three   whol  e  sal  e 

dealers  in  the  city  who  purchased  the  Sunday  edition  of 
the  HcraU,  and  they  sold  quantities  as  needed  to  the 
smaller  dealers.  Mr.  Woods  suggested  that  the  papers 
be  sold  direct,  and  also  that  newsdealers  obtain  their 
papers  on  the  ticket  plan,  thus  saving  the  trouble  of 
receiving  so  much  cash  over  the  counters.  These  plans 
were  adopted  and  found  to  be  so  practicable  that  all 
other  publishers  availed  themselves  of  his  imjiroved 
methods.     The   idea  of  sending  Sunday  trains  out  for 


EDWIN    H.    WOODS 


the  puqiose  of  distributing  the  Herald  all  over  New  Eng- 
land also  originated  in  the  active  brain  of  Mr.  Woods. 
The  firm,  which  in  1888  consisted  of  R.  M.  Pulsifer  & 
Co.,  admitted  Mr.  Woods  to  partnership  in  that  year,  and, 
when  a  corporation  was  established,  he  took  the  posi- 
tion of  vice-president  and  business  manager.  Later  he 
was  elected  president,  a  position  which  he  holds  at  the 
present  time.  Colonel  Woods  established  the  Hotel 
and  Railroad  News  Company  of  Boston,  and  held  the 

position  of  vice-pres- 
ident for  several 
years,  and  is  a  direc- 
tor now.  He  is  also 
vice-president  of  the 
American  News- 
paper Publishers' 
Association,  and 
president  of  the 
Boston  Publishers' 
Association.  He  is 
a  member  of  the 
.Mgonquin  Club,  Bos- 
ton Press  Club,  and 
the  Hull  Yacht  Club. 
Mr.  Woods  was  ap- 
pointed assistant 
adjutant-general, 
with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  on  the  staff 
of  Governor  Ames, 
in  1889.  He  has 
also  held  many 
offices,  including 
that  of  commander 
of  Post  7,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, and  was  lieuten- 
ant of  Company  E, 
Seventh  Regiment, 
Massachusetts  V  o  1- 
unteer  Militia,  for  three  years.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Common  Council  several  years,  and  is  an  active 
member  of  Joseph  Warren  Lodge  of  Masons.  Besides 
being  eminently  successful  in  business  life.  Colonel 
Woods  has  distinguishing  social  characteristics,  and  his 
pleasant  disposition  and  hearty  manner  have  won  him  a 
host  of  friends  in  every  walk  of  life.  Colonel  Woods 
believes  fiimly  in  modern  methods,  and  much  of  his  suc- 
cess is  due  to  his  executive  ability  and  business  acumen. 


BOSTON. 


185 


rt 


THOUGH    not  a  native  of   Massachusetts,  or  even 
of  New  England  stock,  General  John  M.  Corse, 
"the  hero  of  Allatoona,"  is  closely  identified  with  Bos- 
ton in  many  ways,  having  been  its  postmaster  for  four 
years  and  having  greatly  increased  the  efficiency  of  the 
postal   service.     General  Corse  was  born  in  Pittsburg, 
Penn.,  April  27,  1835,  being  descended  from  a  Hugue- 
not  family    that    settled    in    the    South    early   in   the 
eighteenth    century.     General    Corse's    parents    moved 
to  St.  Louis,  and  later 
to     Burlington,     la., 
while    he     was    still 
quite  young,  and  his 
early  education   was 
obtained      in     those 
l)laces.     He  entered 
West  Point  in  1853, 
but  withdrew  before 
graduation  and  stud- 
ied   law,   being    ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in 
i860.     He  began  the 
practice   of   his  pro- 
fession in  Burlington, 
la.    Taking  an  actixe 
interest    in    politics, 
he  was  the  candidate 
for  secretary  of  state 
of   Iowa  in   i860  on 
the    Douglas    ticket. 
At  the  breaking  out 
of  the  Rebellion  he 
entered    the    ser\ice 
as  a  captain  of  artil- 
lery.    Then   he    was 
transferred  as  major 
of  the  Sixth  Iowa  In- 
fantry, and  later  was 
assigned  on  the  staff 
of   General   John 

Pope,  with  the  rank  of  judge-advocate  general,  and 
afterwards  inspector-general.  After  participating  in 
many  engagements,  he  was  made  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Sixth  Iowa  Infantry,  and  joined  Sherman's  army 
in  the  siege  of  Corinth,  Memphis  and  Vicksburg.  For 
gallantry  at  the  assault  on  Jackson  he  received  the 
commission  of  brigadier-general,  and  took  command 
of  the  Fourth  Dixision  of  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps. 
At  the  battle  of  Mission  Ridge,  General  Corse's  leg  was 


JOHN    M.   CORSE. 


broken  by  a  shell.  After  recovering  from  the  wound 
he  joined  (General  Sherman's  staff  and  marched  with 
him  to  the  sea.  It  was  his  bravery  at  Allatoona  Pass 
that  made  him  famous  throughout  the  country  and  won 
for  him  the  rank  of  major-general.  AVith  a  handful 
of  resolute  soldiers  he  withstood  for  hours  a  deadly  fire 
from  the  enemy,  refusing  to  surrender,  and  holding  the 
important  position  until  reinforcements  from  General 
Sherman  arrived.     He  was  wounded  five  times  during 

the  war.  After  a  two 
years'  campaign  in 
the  Northwest  against 
the  Sioux,  he  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant- 
colonel  in  the  regu- 
lar army.  Resigning 
^Ijjk  from  the  army,  Gen- 

^  eral    Corse   was    ap- 

pointed internal  rev- 
enue collector   by 
President  Johnson. 
«jjj^  He  held  this  position 

^k9|H  for    two    years    and 

-  '^fg  then    went    abroad, 

*  where    he   remained 

several  years.  Re- 
turning from  Europe, 
he  engaged  in  the 
construction  of  har- 
bors and  railways  in 
ihe  West.  Coming 
East  to  live.  General 
Corse  settled  in  Bos- 
ton, where  he  has 
since  lived.  In  1886 
President  Cleveland 
appointed  him  post- 
master of  Boston, 
and  the  appointment 
was  received  with 
equal  satisfaction  by  Republicans  and  Democrats.  Post- 
master Corse  was  very  successful  in  his  endeavors  to 
improve  the  efficiency  of  the  Boston  post-office,  and 
the  work  he  accomplished  there  was  appreciated  by 
every  business  man  in  Boston.  General  Corse  was 
married  in  1856  to  Miss  Ellen  Edwards  Prince,  who 
died,  leaving  one  son,  who  is  now  a  railroad  man  in 
the  West.  In  1883  General  Corse  again  married,  his 
second  wife  being  the  niece  of  President  Franklin  Pierce. 


1 86 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WHAT  the  twin  brothers,  Cyrus  and  Darius  Cobb, 
have  done  for  American  art  can  scarcely  be 
even  hinted  at  within  the  limits  of  a  brief  biographical 
sketch.     Suffice  it  to  say,  that  in  the  realms  of  histori- 
cal painting  and  sculpture  they  stand  unrivalled.     When 
the  story  of  their  wonderful   lives  —  embracing,  as  they 
do,  so  many  and   such   varied   spheres  of  activity,  and 
yet  dominated  by  a  single  purpose,  and  fitting  into  each 
other  with  perfect  harmony — comes  to  be  written,  it 
will    be   one   of    the 
most  fascinating   bi- 
ographies   in    the 
world's    literature, 
and  a  source    of  in- 
spiration to  all  whose 
lives   are    controlled 
by  high  ideals.     For 
a  man   to   leave   his 
chosen    field   of    art 
in   which  he  has  at- 
tained   high  distinc- 
tion,   take     up     the 
study   of    law   for   a 
given    purpose, 
achieve    pronounced 
success   at    the    bar, 
and    then,   returning 
to  art,  win  new  lau- 
rels  and    add    to    a 
fame-  already  estab- 
lished,    requires 
something  more  than 
talent ;     it     requires 
genius.     That,    in    a 
nutshell,   is   the  life- 
story  of  Cyrus  Cobb. 
In    1873  he   entered 
the  bar — he  was  the 
first  graduate  of  the 
Boston    Law    School 

—  to  aid  in  accomplishing  his  own  and  his  brother's 
long-maintained  purpose,  which  the  adverse  conditions 
governing  historical  art  in  this  country  rendered  neces- 
sary. Thus  aided,  Darius  continued  his  work,  and 
established  his  name  as  one  of  the  greatest  historical 
painters  of  modern  times.  Cyrus  lost  but  three  jury 
cases  in  his  whole  legal  career  of  nearly  ten  years,  and 
his  critical  review  of  the  case  of  Mrs.  Myra  Clarke 
Gaines  vs.  the  City  of  New  Orleans  was  pronounced  by 


CYRUS   COBB 


Mrs.  Gaines's  counsel  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  of  the 
many  able  papers  written  on  the  case.  When  he  re- 
joined his  brother  in  art  work  he  immediately  produced 
his  great  painting,  "Jesus  Condemned,"  which  critics 
and  artists  have  declared  could  be  judged  only  by 
European  standards.  He  then  painted  his  "Warren  at 
the  Old  South,"  which  hangs  in  the  Boston  .^rt  Museum, 
and  which,  aside  from  its  artistic  merits,  has  a  peculiar 
psychological  value,  arising   from    the    fact   that  while 

Darius   was,    in    the 
language    of    his 
brother    artists, 
"striding    forward 
with    seven-league 
boots    in     his    art," 
Cyrus    was    concen- 
trating all  his  powers 
on  the  law,  and  yet, 
when  he  renewed  his 
art,  his  advance  in  it 
was   found    to    have 
been    just    equal    to 
his  brother's.     After 
painting    this   work, 
he  left  the  brush  to 
Darius,    and    since 
then    has    devoted 
himself  to  sculpture. 
His  busts  have  won 
him  renown,  his  suc- 
cess    with     p  o  s  t - 
mortem     subjects 
being    especially 
marked,    and    his 
work  from  the  ])hoto- 
graph  has  established 
his    name    abroad. 
His  head  of  General 
Grant    was   at    once 
recognized    as  supe- 
rior   to    all    likenesses  of   any  kind,  and  his  statue  of 
"America,"    which    is    to   go   into    the   arcade   of    his 
soldiers'  monument  at  Cambridge,  is  one  of  the  great 
statues  of  all  times.     His  design  for  the  monument  was 
selected  as  incomparably  superior  to  all  other  compet- 
ing designs  —  over  forty  in  number.     His  colossal  head 
of  the  "  Celtic  Bard,"  which  has  recently  been  photo- 
graphed, is  pronounced   worthy   the  hand   of   Michael 
Angelo. 


BOSTON. 


187 


DARIUS  COBB,  with  his  twin  brother  Cyrus,  was 
born  in  the  birth  chamber  of  Adoniram  Judson, 
the  great  missionary,  at  Maiden,  Mass.,  Aug.  6,  1834. 
Both  their  parents  were  descended  direct  from  the 
Pilgrims.  Their  paternal  grandfather  and  grandmother 
were  both  Cobbs,  one  of  the  sixth  and  the  other  of  the 
seventh  generation  from  Elder  Henry  Cobb,  who  came 
over  on  the  second  voyage  of  the  "  Mayflower."  Their 
father.  Rev.  Dr.  Sylvanus  Cobb,  was  one  of  the  leading 
theologians  of  his 
day,  being  a  power 
in  the  work  of  liber- 
alizing the  Christian 
pulpit.  Their  mother 
was  a  very  talented 
woman,  being  for 
twelve  years  presi- 
dent of  the  Ladies' 
Physiological  Insti- 
tute. Her  maiden 
name  was  Eunice 
Hale  Waite.  On 
her  father's  side  she 
came  from  the  Hales 
and  the  Waites,  and 
her  mother  was  a 
S  t  a  n  w  o  o  d .  She 
therefore  repre- 
sented three  of  the 
most  influential  fami- 
lies in  the  country. 
The  father  of  the 
twins  removed  to 
Waltham  when  they 
were  three  years  old, 
and  to  East  Boston 
when  they  were  six. 
The  foundation  for 
the  brothers'  varied 
attainments,    which 

have  made  their  names  prominent  aside  from  their  art, 
was  laid  in  their  early  youth,  when  they  made  it  a  rule 
to  rise  at  four  o'clock,  study  music  till  breakfast  and  art 
until  the  middle  of  the  afternoon,  and  then  inirsue 
their  literary  studies  till  midnight.  Their  lives  were  in 
a  sense  interchangeable.  They  deemed  it  wise,  how- 
ever, to  make  their  professions  distinct,  Darius  choosing 
painting  and  Cyrus  sculpture.  Their  art  work  was  inter- 
rupted by  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.     They  enlisted  in 


DARIUS    COBB 


the  Forty-fourth  Massachusetts  Infantry,  performing 
their  duty  in  the  field  with  the  same  spirit  that  has 
characterized  their  civil  life.  Darius'  work  in  art  has 
embraced  historical  paintings,  portraits  and  landscapes. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  expressed  his  determination 
to  paint  the  Christ,  which  he  produced  thirty  years  after- 
ward in  his  "Christ  Before  Pilate,"  a  painting  that  has 
taken  rank  as  one  of  the  great  masterpieces  of  modern 
times.     It  is  universally  pronounced  the  best  rendering 

of   the  Saviour    ever 
produced  in  art,  the 
poet   Whittier    lead- 
ing in    this  opinion. 
Darius  stands  in  the 
front  rank  of  ])ortrait 
painters.     His     por- 
traits   of    Rufus 
Choate,      G_e  n  e  r  a  1 
Butler    and    George 
T.    Angell  are   nota- 
ble   examples.      He 
has  recently  made  a 
sketch    for    a    large 
painting  in    which 
heavenly    hosts    are 
descending    to    the 
earth    and    annihila- 
ting   evil,     which, 
when    put  upon    the 
large    canvass     with 
the  success  that  has 
attended  all  his  his- 
torical paintings,  will 
give    his  name    pre- 
eminence.     He     is 
now  engaged  upon  a 
large  painting,  repre- 
senting  a    m  a  i  d  e  n 
just   rising  from  the 
earth,    attended    by 
two  angels  who   are  ushering  her  into   life  eternal.     The 
subject  was  suggested  to  him  years  ago  by  the  death  of 
his  sister,  and  it  will  be,  when  finished,  the  most  beau- 
tiful and  effective  work  he  has  yet  produced.     The  twin 
brothers  married  sisters,  Darius,  Laura  M.,  and  Cyrus, 
Emma  Lillie,  who  are  direct  descendants  of  John  Alden, 
which  brings  their  children  into  the  same  ancestral  line 
with  John  and  John  Quincy  Adams      The  brothers  Cobb 
have  large  families  of  children. 


1 88 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


IN  no  city  of  the  country  are  there  better  facihties  than 
in  Boston  for  the  accommodation  of  travellers  arriv- 
ing here  or  passing  through  the  city  from  one  railway 
station  to  another.      With  the  growth   of   Boston    has 
grown  up  an  enormous  business  in  the  transfer  of  passen- 
gers and  baggage  —  a  business  that  has  been  thoroughly 
systematized  and  brought  under  the  management  of  one 
brainy  man.     His  name    is   George  \\'ashington   .Arm- 
strong, and  to  his  e.xecutive  business  ability  thousands 
of     travellers     every 
year   are   deeply  in- 
debted.    His   rise 
from  the  position  of 
newsboy    to    that 
of  the  head  of  one  of 
the   most    respected 
corporations  in  New 
England  is  an  inter- 
esting   study.        He 
was  born  in  Boston, 
Aug.    II,    I.S36,    the 
son    of     David    and 
Mahal  a  (Lovering) 
Armstrong.     His  re- 
mote   ancestors    be- 
longed to  one  of  the 
renowned  Scottish 
lowland  clans,  which 
was    very    numerous 
on    the    borders    of 
England  several  cen- 
turies ago,  and  many 
of    whose    members 
subsequently     found 
homes  in  the  United 
States.        The    pro- 
genitor of  the  family 
in  this  country.  Char- 
ter   Robert    .'\rm- 
strong,    was    among 

the  early  settlers  of  New  Hampshire,  being  one  of  the  orig- 
inal proprietors  of  Londonderry  in  1722,  and  from  him 
George  W.  Armstrong  is  descended.  He  obtained  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Boston,  being  one  of 
the  ]nipils  of  the  old  Hawes  Grammar  School.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  began  life  for  himself,  with  eighty- 
three  dollars  which  he  received  from  his  father's  estate. 
First  he  was  a  penny  postman,  having  the  whole  of 
South  Boston  for  his  district.     Then  he  worked  as  office 


boy  for  the  South  Boston  Gazette  and  the  Sunday  Ncivs. 
In  1852  he  became  newsboy  on  the  Boston  &  ^\'orces- 
ter  (now  the  Boston  &  .Albany)  Railroad,  remaining  on 
the  road  for  nine  years,  and  during  the  last  year  and  a 
half  of  this  time  being  employed  as  baggage  master, 
sleeping-car  conductor,  brakeman  and  conductor  on 
regular  trains.  He  then  became  manager  of  the  news 
business  on  the  road,  and  in  1863  obtained  a  half 
interest  in  the  restaurant  and  news  room  in  the  Boston 

&  Albany  station  at 
Boston.  Since  1871 
he  has  conducted 
this  business  alone. 
Purchasing  a  local 
e.xpress  in  1865,  he 
organized  "Arm- 
strong's Transfer," 
which  he  has  raised 
to  a  business  of  im- 
portance and  magni- 
^^  tude.      He   added 

^^       '  passenger     carriages 

and  introduced  other 
new  features,  includ- 
ing a  system  of 
checking  baggage 
from  one  station  to 
another,  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  rail- 
way passengers.  In 
1882  the  .Armstrong 
Transfer  Company 
w  a  s  incorporated, 
with  Mr.  Armstrong 
at  its  head.  No  just 
claim  against  the 
company  for  loss  of 
property  or  delay  in 
delivery  has  ever 
been  the  subject  of 
litigation.  Mr.  .Armstrong  also  owns  the  news  and  din- 
ing-room business  on  the  Boston  &  .Albany  and  Eastern 
Division  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  and  also  on  the  Boston, 
Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  and  the  news  busi- 
ness on  the  Fitchburg  line.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
Traders  National  Bank  and  in  several  railroad  corpora- 
tions, and  president  of  the  Emergency  Hos])ital.  He  has 
been  twice  married,  his  second  wife  being  the  daughter 
Dr.  Reuben  Greene,  of  Boston,     lie  has  three  children. 


GEORGE   W.   ARMSTRONG. 


BOSTON. 


189 


BENJAMIN   DEAN,  who  has   for  nearly  fifty  years 
been  in  the  active  practice  of  his  profession  of  the 
law  in  Massachusetts  and  most  of  the  time  in  Middlesex 
and  Suffolk  counties,  was  born  in  Clitheroe,  Lancashire, 
England,  Aug.    14,   1824.     His  parents,  Benjamin  and 
Alice  Dean,  settled  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  when  young  Ben- 
jamin was  five  years  old.     There  he  graduated  from  the 
high  school  in  1840.     He  then  entered  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, but  gave  up  his  collegiate  course  at  the  end  of  the 
freshman  year  to 
study  law  with  Judge 
Hopkinson.    He  was 
admitted  to  the   bar 
in  1845  and  practised 
in  Lowell  until  1852, 
when    he   became   a 
partner  of  Henry  W. 
Fuller,  in  Boston,  and 
succeeded  to  the 
business  on  Mr.  Ful- 
ler's death.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  State 
Senate  in  1862,  1863 
and    1869.     He   was 
chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Prisons  in 
his    first    two   terms 
and  served  on  other 
important  c  o  m  m  i  t - 
tees  during  the  excit- 
ing period  of  the  war. 
In   1869    he    suc- 
ceeded Judge  Francis 
Dewey   as   chairman 
of  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary,  was  a 
member  of  the  Joint 
Standing  Committee 
on  the  Library,  and  of 
the  Joint  Standing 

Committee  on  the  License  Law.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Boston  Common  Council  in  1865,  1866,  1872  and  1873, 
where  he  held  each  year  the  chairmanship  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Ordinances.  Mr.  Dean  represented  the  Third 
District  of  Massachusetts  in  the  Forty-fifth  Congress. 
He  has  been  prominent  in  the  Masonic  Order  since 
1854,  holding  the  otifices  of  deputy  for  the  State  of  Mas- 
sachusetts of  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Ancient 
Accepted  Scottish  Rite  for  the  Northern  Masonic   [uris- 


BENJAMIN    DEAN. 


diction  of  the  LTnited  States.  He  was  grand  commander 
of  the  States  of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  from 
187 1  to  1873,  and  from  1880  to  1883  was  grand  master 
of  the  Grand  Encampment  of  the  Knights  Templars  of 
the  United  States  of  America,  and  is  past  grand  warden 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Dean  has 
been  chairman  of  the  park  commissioners  of  Boston,  a 
director  of  the  jiublic  institutions  of  the  city,  and  of  the 
South  Boston  Railroad  Company,  president  of  the  South 

Boston    Gas    Light 
Company,  and  a  trus- 
tee of  the  South  Bos- 
ton    Savings     Bank. 
An  expert  yachtsman, 
he  was  for  some  years 
the    commodore    of 
the    Boston    Yacht 
Club,   of    which    he 
was  one  of  the  found- 
ers.    Like  his  friend, 
the    late   Augustus 
Russ,  he  is  fond   of 
the  sea.     He  has  for 
many  years  been  an 
owner  of   the  Outer 
Brewster  Island,  and 
lessee   of    the  Great 
Brewster,   while   Mr. 
Russ    owned    the 
Middle  Brewster  and 
Green  islands.    They 
had   extensive    plans 
for  great  improve- 
ment  of  the  islands, 
much  to  the  benefit 
of   the  outer  Boston 
Bay.    Mr.  Dean  mar- 
ried   in    Lowell,    in 
1848,     Mary    A., 
daughter  of  J.    B. 
French.     The  children  of  this  union  were  six,  four  of 
whom  are  living :  Walter  Loftus,  Josiah  Stevens,  Clith- 
eroe   (now   Mrs.  C.  L.  James),  and   Mary   (now  Mrs. 
Walter  Tufts).     Benjamin  Wheelock    Dean,    the  eldest 
son,  died  in  1892.     Mr.  Dean,  with  the  other  members 
of  the  board,  was  instrumental  in  accomplishing  much 
for  the  development  of  the  magnificent  park  system  of 
Boston  during  his   term   of  ofifice  as  chairman  of  the 
Park  Commission,  from  18S6  to  1889. 


\^ 


igo 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE  H.  CHICKERING,    the    only  surviving 
son  of  the  late  Jonas  Chickering,  is  the  possessor 
of  a  name  that  has  become  famous  in   the  annals  of 
music  and  the  music  industry  in  America.     Mr.  Chicker- 
ing was  born  in  Boston  on  April  i8,  1830,  and  attended 
a  private  school,  as  did  all  the  sons  of  Mr.  Chickering. 
The  basis  of  his  culture,  universally  admitted  by  all  who 
have  the  pleasure  of  his  personal  acquaintance,  is  the 
education  he  recei\ed  in  this  school,  from  which  he  at 
once  entered  as  an  ap- 
prentice in  the  factory 
of  his  father,  located 
at   that  time    in  the 
then    new    structure 
on  Franklin   Square, 
on  the  site  now  oc- 
cupied  by  the  New 
England     Conserva- 
tory of  Music.     Mr. 
Chickering,  who  had 
been  working  under 
the  personal  g  u  i  d  - 
ance  of  his  renowned 
father,  was  instructed 
in  the  special  art  of 
making  and  voicing 
the    hammers    of 
grand    pianos.      He 
took  a  deep  interest 
in   the  general  con- 
struction   of    pianos 
and    the    science   of 
acoustics,    and    the 
particular     specialty 
known  as  tone    pro- 
duction,  and    had 
advanced    to  such  a 
degree    of    practical 
knowledge      that 
when,    in     1855,    his 

father  went  to  Europe,  George  H.  Chickering  had  con 
trol  of  his  own  department  and  a  general  supervision  of 


GEORGE    H.    CHICKERING 


of  travel.  Most  of  his  time  on  the  occasions  of  his 
five  visits  to  the  old  countries  has  been  occupied  in  the 
famous  museums  and  art  galleries  of  those  lands.  Those 
moments  that  can  be  spared  from  the  actual  operation 
of  the  great  Chickering  factory  are  devoted  by  him  to 
his  family,  to  musical  affairs  in  Boston,  with  which  he 
has  always  been  prominently  associated,  and  to  matters 
of  art,  in  which  he  is  deeply  interested.  He  is  very 
well  and  very  widely  known,  and  to  all  is  an  authority 

on  musical  matters. 
His  greatest  ambi- 
tion to-day  is  that 
the  Chickering  piano 
shall,  if  possible,  be 
brought  to  a  higher 
point  than  ever  be- 
fore, and  so  perpetu- 
ate the  record  of  the 
house,  and  finish  the 
life-work  of  his  fam- 
ily, that  they  may  go 
d  o  w  n  to  posterity, 
not  only  as  the 
founders  of  the 
American  piano- 
forte  industry,  but  as 
the  inventors  and 
practical  introducers 
of  those  wonderf\il 
inventions  in  the 
early  days  of  piano 
making,  which  made 
all  subsequent  im- 
provements possible 
and  made  the  con- 
cert grand  of  to-day, 
that  t  r  i  u  m  p  h  of 
mechanical  genius, 
artistic  skill,  scien- 
tific research  a  n  d 
indomitable  labor,  an  accomplished  fact.  Personally, 
Mr.    Chickering    is    a   most   modest    and    unassuming 


all  factory  matters.     In  fact,  he  became  an  integral  part      gentleman,  absolutely  devoid  of  the  unwholesome  self- 


of  the  institution,  and  has  ever  since  his  entry  at  the 
factory  been  thoroughly  identified  with  the  Chickering 
piano  and  its  remarkable  development,  and  the  present 
great  fame  of  the  house  and  of  its  instruments  is  due  to 
him  more  than  to  any  other  one  man.  Mr.  Chickering 
has  made  occasional  trips  to  Europe,  and  is  very  fond 


infatuation  so  characteristic  of  the/«  dc  neck  with  even 
men  of  success  and  position.  He  is  a  very  approach- 
able man,  and  if  he  will  he  can  talk  for  hours  in  an 
extremely  interesting  manner  on  all  topics,  whether 
musical,  artistic  or  otherwise.  Mr.  Chickering's  resi- 
dence is  at  Readville,  Mass. 


BOSTON. 


191 


BOSTON  has  always  held  a  high  place  in  the  cordage 
industry   of   America.      Ropewalks   were    estab- 
lished there  in   the  early  days  of  the  colonies,  and  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  Revolution  there  were  many  in  and 
around    Boston.     E\  en  in  comparatively  recent   years 
they  were  numerous  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the 
Public    Garden.     Machinery,    except   of   a  very  crude 
kind,  was  unknown   in  those  days,  the  preparation  of 
the  fibre  and  the   spinning  being  done  by  men,  who, 
after  placing  a  proper 
amount   of   the  pre- 
jjared    fibre    around 
their   waists,    and 
attaching   a    portion 
of  it  to  the  revolving 
whirl  of   a  spinning- 
wheel   (turned  by   a 
boy  or  girl),  walked 
backwards,    spinning 
the  yarn  as    t  h  e  \- 
went.     Modern    ma- 
chin  erv    has     done 
away   with   all    that, 
and    New    Englan<l 
has    not    only    kept 
fully  abreast  with  all 
i  mpro  vement  s  in 
methods,    but    has 
generally    led.       Its 
products    are    cele- 
brated the  world  over 
on  account  of   their 
good    manufacture, 
and    the  unadu  1 
terated     fibre    used. 
The  invention  of  the 
self-binding    har- 
vester  gave   a  great 
impetus  to  the  cord- 
age   business,  the 

only  reliable  binding  twine  being  made  of  the  harsh 
fibres  (Manila,  Sisal  and  New  Zealand).  To  bind  the 
small  grain  crop  of  the  country,  not  far  from  fifty-five 
thousand  tons  of  binder  twine  are  required,  an  average 
of  about  two  and  one  half  pounds  per  acre.  Charles  H. 
Pearson  has  been  in  the  cordage  business  for  over 
twenty-five  years,  having  held  every  position  from  that 
of  the  boy  learning  in  the  mill  to  that  of  treasurer  and 
general  manager  of  one  of  the  State's   largest  cordage 


CHARLES    H.    PEARSON 


companies,  of  which  he  owned  a  majority  of  the  stock. 
Holdmg  to  the  principle  of  sticking  to  one  line  of  busi- 
ness, Mr.  Pearson  has  always  been  a  firm  and  enthusi- 
astic believer  in  the  cordage  industry,  and  is  one  of 
Boston's  most  successful  manufacturers  and  men  of 
affairs.  While  remaining  in  the  one  general  field  of 
work,  Mr.  Pearson  has  had  a  varied  experience  with 
cordage  firms  and  corporations,  not  hesitating  to  shift 
his  services  and  capital  to  new  cordage  companies,  or 

consolidate   with 
others,  when  he  saw 
profit    by   so   doing. 
At  present  he  occu- 
pies the  most  prom- 
inent position  in  the 
cordage   business   in 
New  England,  being 
general    manager   of 
the    N  e  \v    England 
de])artment     of     the 
National   Cordage 
Company.    Mr.  Pear- 
son's father,  the  late 
Samuel  Pearson,  was, 
at    the    time    of    his 
death,  the  president 
of  the  highly  success- 
ful Pearson  Cordage 
Company,    which     is 
now  chiefly  engaged 
in    the    manufacture 
of  binding  twine,  and 
is  one  of  the  largest 
cordage     companies 
in    the    world ;     and 
Mr.  Pearson's  grand- 
father   owned    and 
operated  a  ropewalk 
in    Portland,    Me. 
Always    a    great 
worker  and  organizer,  the  heavy  load  of  cares  and  re- 
sponsibilities never  worries  Mr.  Pearson,  as  he  has  the 
happy  faculty  of  quitting  work  when  he  leaves  the  office. 
He  was  born  at   Portland,  Me.,  Jan.  7,  1849,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools,  and  went  immediately  into 
a  cordage  mill  to  learn  the  business.     That  he  learned 
it  thoroughly  is  shown  by  his  subsequent  success.     Mr. 
Pearson  was  married  in   1872,  and  with  his  wife  and 
family  occupy  their  beautiful  home  in  Brookline. 


192 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  Home  Market  Club  has  been  made,  largely 
through  the  efforts  of  Colonel  Albert  Clarke,  one 
of  the  most  effective  means  in  the  country  for  the  dis- 
semination of  protective  principles.  He  was  born  in 
Granville,  Vt.,  Oct.  13,  1840.  He  is  a  twin,  and  his 
mate,  Almon,who  closely  resembles  him,  is  a  prominent 
physician  in  Wisconsin.  Both  ser\ed  in  the  Civil  War, 
Albert  as  private  in  the  Thirteenth  Vermont  Infantry, 
and  his  brother  as  assistant  surgeon  of  the  Tenth  Ver- 
mont, and  surgeon 
of  the  First  Vermont 
Cavalry.  Promoted 
to  first  lieutenant, 
Albert  commanded 
his  company  at  Get- 
tysburg, and  bore  a 
brave  part  in  the  ter- 
rific charges  upon 
the  enemy's  lines. 
Resuming  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  which  had 
been  interrupted  by 
the  war,  he  was  ap- 
jjointed  colonel  on 
Governor  Dilli  ng- 
ham's  staff,  and  for 
four  years  was  first 
assistant  clerk  in  the 
Vermont  House  of 
Representatives.  In 
1870  he  purchased 
the  St.  Albans  Daily 
Messenger,  and  for 
ten  years  he  opposed, 
almost  alone  among 
the  Vermont  press, 
the  power  of  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Rail- 
road in  politics. 
After  a  severe  con- 
test, in  which  the  whole  strength  of  the  railroad  manage- 
ment was  arrayed  against  him,  he  was  elected  to  the 
Vermont  Senate,  which  he  found  almost  wholly  against 
him  on  railroad  questions  ;  but  he  made  a  speech  in  sup- 
port of  his  bill  to  limit  the  free-pass  abuse,  and  in  favor 
of  the  right  of  a  State  to  control  railroads,  which  has  since 
been  of  service  in  other  States  in  promoting  the  reform 
that  failed  there.  He  was  State  commissioner  to  build 
a  house  of  correction  at   Rutland,  a   project   which    he 


ALBERT   CLARKE 


had  done  more  than  any  other  man  to  promote.  A 
paper  which  he  read  before  the  National  Prison  Asso- 
ciation, of  which  he  was  a  director,  led  to  his  being 
chosen  an  honorary  member  of  La  Socie'te  des  Prisons 
in  France.  In  1880  he  came  to  Boston,  and  engaged 
in  railroad  matters  and  journalism.  He  was  president 
of  the  ^'ermont  &  Canada  Railroad  when  it  was  sold  to 
the  Central  Vermont.  Being  on  the  Daily  Advertiser 
staff  when  that  paper  bolted  Mr.  Blaine's  nomination  in 

1884,  but  not  bolting 
personally,    he    r  e  - 
signed,    and    after 
serving   as    assistant 
to   the   president  of 
the  Boston  &  Lowell 
Railroad,  he  took  the 
editorial    and    busi- 
ness management  of 
the     Rutland     (Vt.) 
Herald,    and    ren- 
dered conspicuous 
service    in    bringing 
about  the  re-election 
of  Senator  Edmunds. 
In  1889  he  returned 
to  Boston,  where  he 
was  soon  sought  and 
elected  secretary  and 
executive   ofilicer    of 
the    Home     Market 
Club,  and   has   been 
unanimously    re- 
elected    each     year 
since.      He     was    a 
member  of   the  Re- 
publican N  ational 
Convention  in  1892, 
and    a    strong    sup- 
porter  of    President 
Harrison.      U  n  d  e  r 
his  management  the  Home  Market  Bulletin  (monthly) 
has  been  quintupled  in  size,  and  has  attained  a  circula- 
tion that  is  among  the  largest  of  the  economic  journals 
of   the   world.     Colonel  Clarke  is  a  master  of  English 
style  and  a   keen   logician.     His  articles,  orations  and 
speeches  have  won  for  him  a  national  reputation.     He 
lives  at  Wellesley  Hills,  and  is  president  of  the  Welles- 
ley  Club.     In  TS64   he  married  Miss  Josephine  Briggs, 
who,  with  one  daughter,  constitutes  his  family. 


BOSTON. 


193 


EDWARD    ATKINSON,    who   has   been   for   many 
years  identified  in  various  ways  with  the  public 
life    of    Massachusetts,    is    a   recognized    authority   on 
economic  questions.     He  was  born  at  Brookline,  Mass., 
Feb.   10,  1827.     He  received  his  education  at  private 
schools,  and  was  always  an  apt  scholar.     For  over  thirty 
years  he  has  been  contributing   to  the  economic  and 
political   literature    of    America,    dealing   with    a   wide 
range  of  subjects,  and  in  all  of    them  showing  excep- 
tional knowledge  and 
ability.     Mr.    Atkin- 
son has   delivered  a 
large    number    of 
addresses      before 
representative    men, 
and    has     published 
many  important  doc- 
uments.    His    first 
pamphlet,  entitled 
"  Cheap    Cotton    by 
Free   Labor,"  issued 
in    the    first    year  of 
the  Civil  War,  1861, 
was    then    regarded 
as  a   forecast   of 
utterly      improbable, 
if    not    impossible, 
events;    yet    so 
closely  had  the  logic 
of  the  case  been 
considered    that 
everv    prediction    in 
it     has    been    more 
than  fulfilled.     Some 
of    Mr.    .Atkinson's 
most  important 
papers  are  :   "  Bank- 
ing,"   delivered    be- 
fore   the     American 
Bankers'  Association 

at  Saratoga  (1880)  ;  "  Insufficiency  of  Economic  Legis- 
lation," delivered  before  the  .American  Social  Science 
Association;  "What  Makes  the  Rate  of  Wages?"  be- 
fore the  British  .Association  for  the  .-Xdvancement  of 
Science  ;  "  Address  to  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics,"  at  the  Massachusetts  convention  in  Boston 
(1885);  address  given  as  chairman  of  the  Economic 
section  on  the  "  .Application  of  Science  to  the  Produc- 
tion and  Consumption  of  Food,"  before  the  .American 


EDWARD   ATKINSON 


Association  for  the  .Advancement  of  Science  (1885)  ; 
address  on  the  "  Prevention  of  Loss  by  Fire,"  before  the 
Millers  of  the  West  (1885)  ;  "The  Influence  of  Boston 
Capital  upon  Manufactures,"  in  the  "  Memorial  History 
of  Boston"  (1882);  "The  Distribution  of  Products" 
(1885);  "The  Industrial  Progress  of  the  Nation" 
(1889);  "The  Science  of  Nutrition"  (1892).  A 
series  of  monographs  on  economic  subjects  was  begun 
by  Mr.  .Atkinson  in   1886,  and  published  periodically. 

As  an  inventor,  Mr. 
Atkinson  has  been 
very  successful,  the 
".Aladdin  oven,"  an 
improved  cooking 
stove  of  exceptional 
merit,  having  been 
invented  by  him. 
He  has  also  devoted 
a  good  deal  of  time 
and  study  to  the  sub- 
ject of  fire  insurance, 
and  his  ideas  have 
been  remarkable  for 
their  striking  origi- 
nality. The  Boston 
Manufacturers'  Mu- 
tual Fire  Insurance 
Company,  which 
consists  of  a  n  u  m- 
ber  of  manufacturers 
associated  for  mutual 
protection,  has  been 
under  his  charge  for 
many  years,  and  he 
has  been  the  leading 
spirit  in  its-  affairs 
yet  longer.  The 
company  has  a  far- 
reaching  influence 
upon  the  business  of 
its  members ;  rules  and  regulations  having  been  adopted 
for  the  economical  and  judicious  construction  and  man- 
agement of  their  plants.  The  plans  and  methods  of 
building,  known  as  the  system  of  "slow-burning  con- 
struction, are  now  being  adopted  throughout  the  coun- 
try." Mr.  -Atkinson  was  one  of  the  stanch  abolitionists 
before  the  war,  and  he  therefore  greatly  values  the 
degree  of  LL.  D.,  which  the  State  University  of  South 
Carolina  conferred  upon  him. 


'94 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


Al'iORN  leader  of  men,  Patrick  A.  Collins  has  cer- 
tainly contributed  his  share  to  keep  the  State  of 
his  adoption  well  in  the  van  of  |)rogressive,  liberal  and 
intelligent   life.     His   ability,    both    at   the  bar  and   in 
public  life,  has  attracted  the  attention  of  all  classes  of 
citizens    throughout    the    United    States.      K   brilliant 
debater,  a  forcible  and  eloquent  speaker,  gifted  with  a 
thoroughly  equipped  and  well-balanced  mind,  he  stands 
a  conspicuous  example  of  what  a'fine  graft  can  be  made 
of  Irish  and  Ameri- 
can stock.  He  exerts 
])robably   a   stronger 
influence    upon    the 
men   of   his   race  in 
America  than   any 
other  living  man,  as 
the  part  he   took   in 
the  campaign  of  1884 
amply  demonstrated. 
Not  alone  in  America 
is  his   influence  felt, 
for    he    has  devoted 
much  of  his  time  and 
talents  to   the  cause 
of  Ireland.    His  con- 
nection with  the  Fe- 
n  i  a  n      Brotherhood 
from    1S62    to    1870, 
as   secretary   of    the 
Philadelphia  conven- 
t  i  o  n   and  chairman 
of  a  subsequent  one, 
and    the    distinction 
of    being   the    first 
president  of  the  Irish 
National    Land 
League    of    Amer- 
ica, —  all   bespeak 
his  loyalty  to  his  na- 
tive land.    Parn  e  11 

repeatedly  thanked  him  for  assistance  rendered  to  the 
Irish  cause,  and  at  the  League  headquarters  in  Dublin 
his  picture  hangs  beside  that  of  the  dead  leader.  Mr. 
Collins  was  born  in  Fermoy,  County  Cork,  Ireland, 
March  12,  1844,  the  year  in  which  John  P>oyle  O'Reilly 
was  born.  He  was  the  youngest  of  a  large  family,  and 
was  only  three  years  old  when  his  father  died.  His 
mother  came  to  the  United  States  in  1848  and  settled 
in  ("helsea,  Mass.,  where  he  received  a  common  school 


education.  He  met  many  \  icissitudes  in  his  early  years, 
first  as  errand  boy  in  the  office  of  a  Boston  lawyer,  then 
as  clerk  in  a  Chelsea  store,  then  as  coal  miner  in  Ohio, 
then  working  at  the  upholstery  trade  in  Boston  and 
giving  his  leisure  hours  to  study.  Graduating  with  hon- 
ors from  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  1871,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  that  year,  and  has  continued  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  ever  since,  with  the  inter- 
ruptions which  public  office  has  occasioned.      He  has 

been  a  member  of 
both  branches  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature, judge-advo- 
cate general  of  the 
State,  and  member 
of  Congress  for  three 
terms.  He  was  on 
the  Judiciary  Com- 
m  i  1 1  e  e  during  his 
whole  service  a  t 
^Vashington  and  was 
]jrominently  engaged 
with  many  important 
measures,  including 
the  Bankruptcy  Bill. 
In  1888  he  peremp- 
torily refused  the  use 
of  his  name  for  fur- 
t  h  e  r  congressional 
honors.  Mr.  Collins 
was  permanent  chair- 
man of  the  National 
Democratic  Conven- 
tion, held  at  St.  Louis 
in  1888,  and  was 
delegate  to  the  Chi- 
cago convention  in 
1892,  when  his  cele- 
brated speech,  sec- 
onding the  nomina- 
tion of  Mr.  Cleveland,  was  made.  He  was  chairman  of 
the  Massachusetts  Democratic  State  Committee  from 
1884  till  1891.  In  the  councils  of  his  ]iarty  Mr.  Col- 
lins is  regarded  as  a  factor  of  weight  and  influence,  and 
his  opinions  are  always  accorded  the  most  respectful 
attention  on  account  of  their  soundness  and  lucidity. 
Mr.  Collins  was  married  in  1873  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Carey, 
of  Boston.  They  have  three  children,  two  daughters  and 
a  son.     Their  home  is  at  Mt.  Ida,  Dorchester. 


PATRICK    A.    COLLINS. 


BOSTON. 


195 


ALBERT  AUGUSTUS  POPE,  the  founder  of  the 
bicycle  industries  in  the  United  States,  was  born 
in  Boston,  May  20,  1843.  He  traces  his  genealogy 
through  many  well-known  New  England  families.  When 
he  w-as  nine  years  of  age  his  father  met  with  business 
reverses,  and  Albert  began  his  life-work  by  riding 
a  horse  to  plow  for  a  neighboring  farmer  in  Brookline. 
Three  years  later  he  commenced  buying  fruit  and  veg- 
etables and  selling  them  to  neighbors.  He  soon  had 
many  customers,  and 
in  one  season  made 
a  profit  of  one  hun- 
dred dollars.  Dur- 
ing this  time  he  re- 
ceived a  fair  public 
school  education, 
which  was  all  the 
training  he  ever  had 
from  schools,  though 
by  careful  reading 
and  application  he 
has  obtained  an  ex- 
ceptional fund  of  gen- 
eral knowledge.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he 
secured  employment 
in  the  Quincy  Mar- 
ket, and  later  took  a 
position  with  a  firm 
dealing  in  shoe  find- 
ings. .\t  nineteen 
years  of  age  he  joined 
the  volunteer  forces 
of  the  Union  .\rmy, 
and  went  to  the  front 
as  second  lieutenant 
of  the  Thirty-fifth 
Massachusetts  I  n  - 
fantry,  kwg.  22,  1862. 
His     ])romotion     to 

first  lieutenant,  March  23,  1863,  and  to  captain,  April 
I,  1864,  are  evidences  of  his  ability  and  valor.  He 
served  in  the  principal  Virginia  campaigns,  was  with 
Burnside  in  Tennessee,  with  Grant  at  Vicksburg  and 
with  Sherman  at  Jackson,  Miss.  He  commanded  Fort 
Hell  before  Petersburg,  and  in  the  last  attack  led  his 
regiment  into  the  city.  He  was  then  but  twenty-one 
years  of  age.  He  was  brevetted  major  "for  gallant 
conduct   at    the    battle    of    Fredericksburg,   Va.,"   and 


ALBERT   A.    POPE 


lieutenant-colonel   "  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  battles 
of    Knowille,    Poplar    Springs    Church    and    front   of 
Petersburg."     After  the   war  Colonel    Pope  went    into 
business   for  himself,  in   shoe  manufacturers'  su]i]ilies. 
In  1877  he  became   enthusiastic  over  the  bicycle,  and 
determined  to  go  into  its  manufacture.     This  was  done 
under  the  name  of  the  Pope  Manufacturing  Companv, 
a  corporation  for  which  he  furnished   the  capital,  and 
of  which  he  became,'and  has  since  continued,  the  presi- 
dent and  active  man- 
ager.    There  was  no 
demand    for    wheels 
at  that  time,  and  in 
many   places   the 
prejudice    against 
them     was     intense. 
This  opposition  had 
to  be  overcome  antl 
a     market     created. 
Colonel    Pope    exer- 
cised    great     diplo- 
macy in  treating  this 
phase   of    the    busi- 
ness.    Through     the 
influence     and     en- 
couragement  of   the 
Pope      Manufactur- 
ing    Company     was 
brought    about     tlie 
production    of     Mr. 
Pratt's    book,    "The 
American    Bicycler," 
and  the  founding  of 
the  illustrated  maga- 
zine,   "  The    Wheel- 
man."    The  -educa- 
tional    process    was 
followed  by  the  open- 
ing of   the  highways 
and  parks  for  the  use 
of   wheelmen,    the   company   expending   thousands    of 
dollars  in  settling  the  park  cases  in  New  York,  Chicago 
and  Philadelphia.     The  prosperous  growth  of   this  in- 
dustry bears  a  well-deserved   tribute  to  Colonel    Pope 
as  a  business  man  and  financier.     He  was  the  pioneer 
in  the  great  movement  for  highway  improvement.     He 
married,  Sept.  20,  1871,  Abbie,  daughter  of  George  and 
Matilda  (Smallwood)    Tinder,   of    Newton,   Mass.,  and 
they  ha\"e  four  sons  and  one  daughter. 


196 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


AMID  the  rush  of  business  activity  and  the  roar  of 
commercial  competition,  it  is  pleasant  to  find  a 
man  who  is  making  the  main  work  of  his  life  the  intelli- 
gent observation  and  the  scientific  study  of  nature.     To 
be   entitled    to    a   place  of   recognition  as  a  naturalist 
requires  in  a  man  not  only  a  love  of  his  work  and  an 
intellectual  capacity  of  high  order,  but   perseverance, 
patience,  knowledge  of  the   value  of  time,  exceptional 
powers  of  application,  and  strength  for  protracted  labor. 
That   all    these    ele- 
ments of  success  in 
his  chosen  field  are 
combined  in  Charles 
B.   Cory,  of  Boston, 
naturalist  and  travel- 
ler, his  written  works 
amply     prove.        In 
ornithology,  that 
special  branch    of 
zoology  to  which  he 
has   devoted  his  re- 
searches, Mr.  Cory's 
published   works    of 
recent^  years     have 
given    him   a  world- 
wide    r  ep  u  t  at  ion. 
.\mong   these  works 
(prepared  in  all  parts 
of   the  world  during 
his    travels,    but    all 
published    by    Estes 
&  I.auriat,  of  Boston) 
are    "  The   Birds    of 
the     West    Indies," 
"  The  Birds  of  Hayti 
and   San  Domingo," 
"  The    Beautiful  and 
Curious  Birds  of  the 
World,"  "The   Birds 
of     the    Bahama 

Islands,"  and  "  A  Naturalist  in  the  Magdalen  Islands." 
The  universal  recognition  of  Mr.  Cory's  worth  is  best 
shown  by  the  ever-growing  list  of  scientific  oignni/.ations 
that  claim  his  attention.  He  is  curator  of  birds  in  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  fellow  of  the  Linnaean 
and  Zoological  societies  of  London,  member  of  the 
American  Ornithologists'  Union,  of  the  British  Ornithol- 
ogists' Union,  of  the  Societe  Zoologique  de  France, 
honorary  member  of  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences, 


corresponding  member  of  the  New  York  Academy  of 
Sciences,  and  of  the  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 
Mr.  Cory  was  born  in  Boston,  Jan.  31,  1857,  and  was 
prepared  for  his  vocation  by  a  natural  history  course 
in  Harvard  Scientific  School  in  the  years  1876,  1877, 
and  1878.  Inheriting  a  large  property  from  his  father, 
he  was  enabled  to  prosecute  his  life  work  freely,  but 
devotion  to  science  has  not  pre\ented  him  from  fos- 
tering with  successful  care  the  material  interests  intrusted 

to  him.  By  successful 
investments    in    real 
estate    in    the  West, 
he    has  considerably 
enhanced    the  value 
of     the    possessions 
left  him,  and  besides 
his     natural    history 
work,  Mr.  Cory  finds 
time  to  devote  to  the 
presidency    of    t  w  o 
large  corporations  in 
the  West.     His  city 
house    is    at    No.    8 
A  r  1  i  n  gt  o  n    Street, 
Boston,    his    country 
house    is    on     Great 
Island,    near    Hyan- 
nis,     Mass.,     which 
island    he    owns    en- 
tire, and     he    also 
owns  a  winter  home 
in  Florida.      He  was 
for    several     years 
chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Hypnotism 
in     the     American 
Society  for  Psychical 
Research.    Mr.  Cory 
was  married  in  1883, 
and    has  a   son   and 
a  daughter.     Yet   a   young   man,  with  a  mind  trained 
for   effort   and   stored  with   technical   knowledge,  with 
physique  robust,  and   opportunities   unencumbered  by 
pecuniary  worry,  Mr.  Cory  has  every  right  to  hope  for 
even  greater  achievements  in  the   realm  of   science  in 
the    future.     The  course  that  he    has   mapped  out  for 
himself,  lying,  as    it    does,  through    the    rich    fields   of 
natural  history,  he  jnirsues  with  the  hajjpy  candor  of  a 
man  who  has  found  his  natural  vocation. 


CHARLES    B.   CORY 


BOSTOjV. 


197 


HARVEV  DEMING  HADLOCK,  jurist,  who  has 
attained  conspicuous  success  in  his  profession, 
was  born  at  Cranberry  Isles,  Me.,  Oct.  7,  1843,  and  is 
the  son  of  Mary  Ann  Stanwood  and  Edwin  Hadlock. 
Mr.  Hadlock  traces  his  American  ancestry  to  Nathaniel 
Hadlock,  who  was  born  at  Charlestown,  Mass.,  April  5, 
1643,  and  whose  father,  Nathaniel,  came  from  ^^'apping, 
England,  and  purchased  an  estate  in  Charlestown  in 
1638,  and  in  r653  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town 
of  Lancaster,  Mass. 
Mr.  Hadlock  re- 
ceived his  early  tu- 
ition from  private 
teachers  and  in  the 
schools  of  his  nati\e 
town.  To  give  their 
son  all  the  advan- 
tages within  their 
power,  his  parents, 
when  he  was  in  his 
thirteenth  year,  re- 
moved to  Bucksport, 
Me.,  where,  at  the 
East  Maine  Confer- 
ence Seminary,  and 
under  private  in- 
structors, he  pursued 
an  ad\anced  course 
o  f  classical  study, 
which  he  supple- 
mented with  a  par- 
tial scientific  course 
in  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege. At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
at  Hangor,  Me.,  hav- 
ing mastered  the 
intricacies  of  law  in 
the  office  of  Samuel 

F.  Humphrey.  In  1865  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  and 
there  pursued  the  study  of  civil  and  maritime  law  under 
the  direction  of  the  late  eminent  jurist.  Christian  Ro- 
selius.  The  next  year  he  returned  to  Bucksport  and 
engaged  in  practice.  In  October,  1868,  at  Boston,  he 
was  admitted  an  attorney  and  counsellor  by  the  Su- 
preme Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  commenced 
practice  in  this  city.  In  the  spring  of  1869  he  was 
called  to  New  York  on  business  in  the  United  States 


HARVEY    D.    HADLOCK 


Circuit  Court,  and  while  residing  there  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  the  State  and  Federal  Courts.  The  next  fall 
he  returned  to  Boston  and  resumed  practice.  To  advo- 
cate the  construction  of  a  railroad  from  Bangor  \ia 
Bucks]jort  to  eastern  points,  in  187 1,  he  went  to  the 
latter  town,  and  when  its  construction  was  assured,  re- 
sumed practice  there  until  January,  1881.  During  his 
residence  in  Bucksport  he  was  engaged  as  counsel  in 
the  most  imjiortant  cases  tried  in  Maine,  in  which  he 

established  his  repu- 
tation as  an  eloquent 
advocate  and  accom- 
plished    jurist,    and 
earned  for  himself  a 
leading    p  o  s  i  t  i  o  n 
among    the     ablest 
men    at    the    bar   of 
Maine.      His    opin- 
ions during  that  pe- 
riod were  frequently 
sought,    and     pub- 
lished, on  important 
questions  of  corpora- 
tion   and    constitu- 
tional   law.     From 
1881     to     r887     he 
resided  in  Portland, 
Me.,  maintaining  at 
the  Cumberland  bar, 
in    cases    which 
involved     important 
questions  of  railroad, 
corporation,     patent 
and  maritime  law,  as 
well  as  in  homicide 
and    other   rriminal 
cases,    h  i  s    leading 
position     pre\iousl)- 
earned  as  a  success- 
ful practitioner.     In 
1887  he  returned  to  Boston,  where  he  now  resides.     He 
also    has   an  office   in  the  city  of   New  York,  but  the 
range  of  his  practice  extends  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
State  and   Federal  Courts  of   New  England  and  New 
York,  embracing  cases  in  the  courts  of  other  States,  and 
in    the    Supreme    Court   of    the    United    States.      Mr. 
Hadlock  was  married  Jan.  26,   1865,  to  Miss  Alexine 
L.  Goodell,  of   Searsport,  Me.,  and   has   two  children 
living. 


198 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


ALFRED    DUPONT   CHANDLER    is   one   of   the 
prominent  lawyers  of  Boston,  where  he  was  born 
May  i8,  1847,  the  son  of  Theophihis  Parsons  and  EHza- 
beth  JuHa  (Schlatter)  Chandler.     In  1848  Mr.  Chandler 
removed    to    Brookline,  Mass.,  where   he  now  resides. 
He  was  educated   at  the  public  schools,  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  in  1868,  and  immediately  com- 
menced   the   study  of  law  with    his   father,    then  with 
.\bbot  &  Jones,  later  with   Hon.  Richard   H.   Dana,  in 
Boston,    and    then 
with  Porter,   Lowrey 
&     Soren,    in     New 
York  City.     He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Massachusetts, 
Dec.    13,   1869,  and 
to    the     S  u  p  r  e  m  e 
Court  of  the  United 
States    at    Washing- 
ton, April  17,  1877. 
He    has    practised 
law    steadily,  having 
had  an  office  in  the 
Equitable     Building, 
Boston,  for  eighteen 
years.      His    prefer- 
ence is  for  chamber 
practice,    and    his 
attention     is     given 
mainly    to    corpora- 
tion law,  private  and 
municipal,  though  he 
has   appeared    in 
many  cases.    Corpo- 
ration     receivership 
questions   in  the 
United  States  courts, 
and  duties  as  treas- 
urer and  counsel  for 
several    corporations 

have  required  most  of  his  time  in  the  last  ten  years. 
He  drafted  the  bill  for  national  savings  banks,  known 
as  the  Windom  Bill,  and  offered  by  Mr.  Windom  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  March  i,  1880.  His  published 
arguments  before  the  Senate  Finance  Committee,  at 
Washington,  May  4,  1880,  on  national  savings  banks, 
and  also  before  committees  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature on  the  annexation  question  (Brookline  to  Boston) 
in   1880;  also  on  creating  a  tribunal  to  decide  that  a 


public  necessity  for  a  railroad  exists  before  property  can 
be    taken   for   its   construction,    in    1882,    resulting   in 
Chapter  265  of  the  Acts  of    1882  ;    also  on  nationalism 
and  the  municipal  control  of  public  lighting,  in  1889, 
are    leading    contributions   upon  these    subjects.     His 
chief   arguments  before  the    higher  State    courts   have 
been  on  questions  of  eminent  domain  and  of  constitu- 
tional law.     While  not  a  politician,  Mr.  Chandler   has 
given  close  study  to  matters  of   municipal  administra- 
tion.    As  a  resident 
of  Brookline  he  has 
been  one  of  its  most 
active   and    progres- 
sive    citizens.      H  e 
has    been  either   the 
prompter  of,  or  had 
an    influential    hand 
in    directing,  the 
largest    public    i  m  - 
provements    of    late 
years  in  that  beauti- 
ful town.     The  con- 
st r  u  c  t  i  o  n    of    the 
Riverdale    Park    be- 
tween Brookline  and 
Boston,  which  is  to  be 
one  of  the  finest  pro- 
ductions of  that  type 
on  the  continent,  is 
due    mainly  to   Mr. 
Chandler's    energy 
and    skill    in   sur- 
mounting  legal   and 
practical  difficulties. 
He  was   three  times 
elected  chairman  of 
the  Selectmen,  of  the 
Surveyors  of   High- 
ways, of  the  Board  of 
Health,  and    of   the 
Overseers  of  the  Poor,  in  Brookline,  and  was  a  trustee 
of  the  Brookline  Public   Library  three  years.     He  is  a 
member  of  the  .\merican   Bar  Association,  the  Boston 
Bar  Association,  the  University  Club,  and  the  Exchange 
Club,  of  Boston.     He  has  held  no  political  office,  but 
in  February,  1892,  was  elected  president  of  the  Brook- 
line  Republican  Club.     Mr.   Chandler  was   married  in 
Brookline,  Dec.   27,   1882,   to   Mary  Merrill  Poor,  and 
has  four  children. 


ALFRED    D.    CHANDLER 


BOSTON. 


199 


^' 


WILLIAM    McKINLEV  OSBORNE,  member   of 
the  Board  of  Police  for  the  city  of  Boston,  is 
identified  with  the  attempt,  on  the  part  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Legislature,  to  make  the  police  of  the  capital  of  the 
State  independent   of   partisan   municipal  politics,  and 
thereby  to  increase  its  general  efficiency.     The  theory 
of  the  law  creating  this  board  was  to  make  a  thoroughly 
non-partisan  organization.     The  members  of  the  com- 
mission—  three  in  number — are  appointed  by  the  gov- 
ernor,    with    the 
consent  of  his  Coun- 
cil,   from    the     two 
great    political    par- 
ties.    It  was  argued 
that  the  board,  thus 
appointed    and     re- 
sponsible   to    the 
executive  depart- 
ment   of    the    State, 
would    not   be  ham- 
pered   by   questions 
of   local  policy,  and 
also    that    a    better 
class  of  men  would  be 
likely  to  be  chosen. 
In    so    far     as    this 
change  has  tended  to 
take    the   police  out 
of  the  local  politics, 
it    has    perhaps   met 
the    expectations    of 
its     projectors,    and 
along    the    lines    of 
general   police  work 
the    change   was  for 
the     better    govern- 
ment   of    the    force, 
for  the   officers    can 
do   their  duty  with- 
out fear  or  favor.    In 

other  respects,  however,  the  value  of  the  change  is  a  de- 
batable party  question.  Mr.  Osborne  has  been  a  member 
of  the  board  ever  since  its  organization,  and  has  filled 
his  position  with  singular  ability.  He  was  born  in  Gir- 
ard,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  .\pril  26,  1842.  His  early 
education  was  obtained  at  the  academy  at  Poland,  Ohio, 
and  at  the  Allegheny  College,  Meadville,  Penn.  He 
enlisted,  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  in  the  Twenty- 
third  Regiment,  Ohio  \'olunteers,  the  first  three  years' 


^4 


WILLIAM    M.    OSBORNE. 


regiment  formed  in  the  State.     He  did  not  serve  out 
his  term,  being  discharged  because  of  injuries  received. 
In  the  fall  of  1862  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Sutliff, 
Tuttle  &  Stull,  at  Warren,  Ohio,  where  he  studied  for  a 
year.     He  then  took  a  course  at  the  law  school  of  the 
L^niversity  of  Michigan,  .\nn  Arbor.     In  1869  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Youngstown,  Ohio,  and  was  held  in 
such    esteem    by  his    fellow-citizens  that  he  was  twice 
elected  mayor,  1874-75.     ^^  1880  he  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Boston,  and 
a  little  later  entered 
politics.      He    was 
quickly      successful, 
and  in  1884-S5  rep- 
resented Ward  21  in 
the  Boston  Common 
Council.        In    1885 
^^^^^    .  Governor  Robinson, 

recognizing  his  fine 
executive  ability,  ap- 
pointed him  a  mem- 
ber of  the  new  Board 
of  Police  for  the  city 
of  Boston,  just  cre- 
^  ated  by  act  of  Legis- 

lature.    He  was    re- 
appointed   by   Gov- 
ernor Ames  in  1888. 
—  His  term  will  expire 

^^  in   May,   1893.     Mr. 

Osborne  is  a  cousin 
of  William  McKin- 
ley,  father  of  the  fa- 
mous tariff  law,  and 
present  governor  of 
Ohio.  His  boyhood 
days  were  passed  in 
close  intimacy  with 
his  now  distinguished 
cousin,  and  the 
friendship  then  formed  has  continued.  When  Mr.  Mc- 
Kinley  visits  Boston,  he  always  makes  Mr.  Osborne's 
handsome  residence  in  Roxbury  his  headquarters. 
Commissioner  Osborne  is  very  fond  of  travel,  and  has 
varied  and  enlarged  his  experience  by  a  sojourn  in 
Europe  of  several  years.  !\[r.  Osborne  was  married  in 
Boston,  .April  24,  1878,  to  Frances  Clara,  adopted  daugh- 
ter of  Walter  Hastings.  Of  this  union  five  children 
were  born,  four  girls  and  a  boy. 


200 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  Oliver  M.  Wentworth,  president  of  the  Massachusetts 
Charitable  Mechanic  Association,  is  found  another 
instance  where  energy  and  brains  ha\e  won  for  a  poor 
country  lad,  who  came  to  the  city,  an  enviable  position 
in  the  Vjusiness  and  social  world.  He  has  scaled  the 
heights  of  fortune  unaided  by  aught  save  his  own  sturdy 
courage  and  native  ability,  which,  su])plemented  by  a 
wonderful  capacity  for  work,  has  enabled  him  to  main- 
tain a  steady  advance,  w-here  others  have  faltered  and 
many  have  failed. 
Mr.  Wentworth  is 
very  active,  and,  as 
president  of  the  Me- 
chanic Association, 
he  is  an  indefatigable 
worker.  His  honors 
have  come  to  him 
unsought,  for  he  has 
been  too  busy  a  man 
to  seek  them.  H  e 
was  born  in  Kenne- 
bunk,  Me.,  June  25, 
1833,  and  the  early 
years  of  his  life  were 
spent  on  the  farm.  It 
was  here,  probably, 
that  he  formed  those 
habits  of  industry 
and  prudence  which 
were  prime  factors 
in  his  s  ubsequen  t 
success.  His  educa- 
tion was  such  as 
could  be  obtained  in 
a  country  town,  but 
having  a  studious  and 
inquiring  mind,  he 
was  enabled  to  make 
good  use  of  his  lim- 
ited scholastic  oppor- 
tunities ;  better,  in  fact,  than  many  who  have  had  greater 
advantages.  At  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  came  to  Bos- 
ton and  took  up  the  marble  trade  with  a  firm  in  Haver- 
hill Street.  Three  years  later,  when  but  twenty  years 
old,  he  began  business  on  his  own  account  at  No.  81 
Haverhill  Street.  His  start  was  an  extremely  modest 
one.  In  fact,  Mr.  Wentworth  has  confided  to  his  friends 
that  it  was  made  without  a  dollar  of  capital.  But  hard 
work   and     perseverance   triumphed,  and    his    business 


OLIVER    M.    WENTWORTH 


steadily  developed,  necessitating  periodical  enlargements 
of  quarters  and  resulting,  in  1869,  in  the  purchase  of 
the  property,  corner  of  Haverhill,  Travers  and  Beverly 
streets,  where  he  erected  a  fine  five-story  building,  one 
hundred  forty  feet  in  length,  and  forty-eight  feet  in 
width,  and  the  first  floor  of  which  he  himself  occupies. 
In  recent  years,  Mr.  Wentworth  has  confined  his  marble 
and  granite  business  to  monumental  and  tablet  work. 
Since  1869,  Mr.  Wentworth  has  engaged  in  many  outside 

enterprises,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  has 
been  building.  He 
has  erected  many 
fine  structures, 
among  them  being 
apartment  houses, 
notably  the  "AVent- 
worth,"  "Lemburg," 
"  Marburg,"  "  Stras- 
burg,"  "  Heidelburg" 
and  the  "  Luxem- 
burg." He  has  also 
erected  buildings  in 
Medford,  Cambridge 
and  other  of  Boston's 
suburbs.  Although 
immersed  in  the  busy 
activity  of  commer- 
cial life,  Mr.  Went- 
worth has  yet  found 
time  to  interest  him- 
self to  a  considerable 
extent  i  n  religious 
and  charitable  work. 
He  has  been  presi- 
dent of  many  charita- 
ble and  religious  so- 
cieties, and  for  the 
past  fourteen  years 
has  officiated  as  su- 
perintendent of  the  Warren  Avenue  Baptist  Sabbath 
School.  He  was  at  one  time  assistant  superintendent  at 
Tremont  Temple.  Mr.  Wentworth  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Massachusetts  Charitable  Mechanic  Association 
for  twelve  years,  on  the  Executive  Committee,  was  vice- 
president  three  years,  and  has  been  president  two  years. 
Mr.  Wentworth's  busy  and  successful  life  is  a  shining 
illustration  of  what  can  be  accomplished  by  steady, 
resistless  effort  and  imtiring  industry. 


BOSTON. 


20I 


JOHN    SHEPARD,  one  of  the  most  enterprising  of 
Boston's  business  men,  and  head  of  the  dry  goods 
firm  of  Shepard,  Norwell  &  Co.,  was  born  at  Canton, 
Mass.,  March  20,  1834.     Educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  and  at  evening  schools  in  Boston, 
Mr.  Shepard   showed  business  ability  at  an  early  age, 
which  became  more  apparent  as  he  gained  experience, 
and  opportunities  presented  themselves.     His  life   has 
been  one  of  great  achievement,  of  success  where  others 
failed,  and  the  many 
organizations      and 
companies  with 
which   he    has    been 
connected  from  time 
to  time  have  all  prof- 
ited   by   his    ability. 
In     1 845     he    was    a 
clerk    in    the   drug 
store  of  J.  W.  Snow, 
Boston,   and   two 
years    later    entered 
the  dry  goods  estab- 
lishment  of  J.  \. 
Jones.     He   soon 
mastered  all  the  de- 
tails of  the  business, 
and  in  1853  opened 
a  store    of   his   own, 
under   the    name   of 
John  Shepard  &  Co. 
k  keen  business  man, 
he    was     successful 
from    the  start,    and 
in    1861    bought  out 
Bell,    Thing   &    Co., 
of   T  r  e  m  o  n  t    Row, 
which    he  continued 
until  1865,  under  the 
name    of    Farley    & 
Shepard.     When  the 

first  store  was  opened  on  Winter  Street,  Mr.  Shepard 
saw  that  that  was  soon  to  become  one  of  the  principal 
business  thoroughfares,  and  he  decided  to  make  a 
change.  He  chose  as  his  associates,  Henry  Norwell, 
at  one  time  in  the  service  of  Hogg,  Brown  &  Taylor, 
and  T.  C.  Brown,  salesman  for  Jordan,  Marsh  & 
Co.,  and  in  January,  1865,  they  opened  the  store  on 
Winter  Street  under  the  name  of  Shepard,  Norwell  & 
Co.     Mr.  Brown  retired  from  the  firm  soon  after,  and 


JOHN    SHEPARD 


Robert  Ferguson,  of  K.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  of  New  York, 
took  his  place.  Mr.  Shepard  is  a  director  of  the  Lin- 
coln Bank,  and  was  one  of  the  original  projectors  of 
the  Connecticut  River  Paper  Company,  and  president 
of  the  Bernstein  Electric  Company.  Mr.  Shepard  is  an 
ardent  lover  of  fast  horses,  and  has  owned  a  number 
that  have  become  record  breakers  all  over  the  world. 
In  the  sixties,  his  physician  having  recommended  driv- 
ing as  a  recreation,  lie  first  became  interested  in  horses. 

He  bought  the  best 
that  money  could 
buy,  and  his  Old 
Trot  was  well  known 
to  horsemen.  H  e 
sold  Aldine  to  W. 
H.  Vanderbilt  for 
fifteen  thousand  dol- 
lars, when  as  a  mate 
to  Maud  S.  the  team 
made  a  mile  in  2.1 5.J, 
He  also  owned  Dick 
Swiveller,  which  he 
sold  to  Frank  \\'orth 
for  twelve  thousand 
dollars.  His  Mill 
Boy  and  Blondine 
became  famous  in 
1 88 1,  by  making  a 
mile  in  2.22,  at  that 
time  the  fastest  team 
record  in  the  world. 
In  January,  1856, 
Mr.  Shepard  married 
Susan  \.,  daughter 
of  Perkins  H.  and 
Charlotte  B  a  g  1  e  y. 
They  had  two  chil- 
dren, John  Shepard, 
Jr.,  and  Jessie  Wat- 
son (now  Mrs.  Wil- 
liam G.  Titcomb).  Mr.  Shepard  resides  on  Beacon 
Street  and  has  a  beautiful  summer  residence,  "  Edge- 
water,"  at  Phillips  Beach,  Swampscott.  His  present  wife 
is  Mary  J.,  daughter  of  H.  A.  and  Mary  I.  (Titcomb) 
Ingraham,  of  Newburyport.  Mr.  Shepard  is  a  member  of 
the  Boston  Merchants' .Association,  and  for  many  years  has 
been  active  and  prominent  in  various  other  organizations 
of  business  men.  He  is  also  interested  in  numerous 
enterprises  besides  the  great  one  of  which  he  is  the  head. 


202 


MASSACHUSETTS    Oh     TO-DAY. 


HENRY   HARRISON    SPRAGUE,  son    of    Ceorge 
and  Nancy  (Knight)  Sprague,  was  born  in  Athol, 
Mass.,  Aug.  I,  1 84 1.     After  fitting  for  college  in  imblic 
and  private  schools    he    entered  Harvard  College,  and 
was   graduated    in   the    class   of    1864.      After   private 
teaching  in  1865,  he  entered  the  Harvard  I, aw  School, 
at  the  same  time  being  a  proctor   of  the  college.     In 
1890  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  board  of  overseers 
for  six  years.     In    1866    he    entered    the  law  office  of 
Henry  W.  Paine  .and 
Robert  D.  Smith,  in 
Boston,  and  in  1868 
was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk    bar,    and 
began  the  practice  of 
law  in  Boston,  where 
he    has    since    prac- 
tised  and    resided. 
He    served    in    the 
Boston    C  o  m  m  o  n 
Council    in    1874, 
1875,    and    I  8  7  6  . 
Since  1875,  with  the 
exception    of    about 
a  year,  he  has  been 
a  trustee  of  the  City 
Hospital,  and  secre- 
t  a  r  y   of   the    board 
since  1878.     He  was 
a   member   of    the 
Massachusetts  House 
of  Representatives  in 
1881,1882, and  1883, 
and  a  member  of  the 
Senate  in  1888,  1889, 
1890,  and  1 89 1.     In 
both    branches    he 
served  upon  the  lead- 
ing committees.     In 
1888,  as  chairman  of 

the  committee  on  election  laws,  he  drafted  and  intro- 
duced the  new  ballot  act.  In  1890  and  1891  he  was 
president  of  the  Senate.  He  has  been  recently  ap- 
pointed chairman  of  the  commission  to  revise  the  State 
election  laws.  He  was  in  1884  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Municipal  Reform  Association, 
and  its  senior  counsel  to  secure  legislative  amendments 
to  the  charter  of  Boston,  by  which  the  executive  author- 
ity of  the  city  was  concentrated  in  the  mayor.     In  1867 


HENRY    H,    SPRAGUE 


he  was  active  in're-establishing  the  Boston  Young  Men's 
Christian  llnion,  and  has  since  been  a  member  of  the 
board  of  government,  its  secretary  from  1867  to  1879, 
and  subsequently  vice-president.  In  1880  he  as- 
sisted in  organizing  the  Boston  Civil  Service  Reform 
Association,  the  first  or  one  of  the  first  organizations 
effected  in  this  country  to  advocate  that  reform,  and 
was  on  the  executive  committee  until  1889,  when  he 
was  elected  president,  which  office  he  still  holds.     He 

has  been  since   1879 
one   of   the   trustees 
of  the  Boston  Lying- 
in  Hospital,  and  re- 
cently  one  of   the 
executive  commit- 
tee ;   secretary,  since 
1883,  of   the  Massa- 
chusetts    Charitable 
Fire    Society  ;  i  s  a 
member  of  the  New 
England    H  i  st  o  r  i  c 
Genealogical  Society, 
the   Bostonian   Soci- 
ety, the  Bar  Associa- 
tion,the  Harxard  Law 
School     Association, 
the  general  commit- 
tee of    the  Citizens' 
Association   of   Bos- 
ton ;  and  has  been  a 
manager   of   the 
Gwynne  Home,  and 
one    of    the    "  Com- 
mittee  of    Fifty   "  of 
the  Museum  for  Fine 
Arts.     He  is  a  trus- 
tee and  treasurer  of 
the  Women's  Educa- 
tional and  Industrial 
Union,  and  is  a  mem- 
ber of  various  social   organizations.     In  1884  he  pub- 
lished   "  Women    Under   the    Law   of    Massachusetts ; 
Their  Rights,  Privileges,  and  Disabilities";  in  1890,3 
pamphlet,    entitled  "  City  (lovernment    in    Boston  ;  Its 
Rise  and  Develojjment,"  and  he  has  recently  compiled 
for  its  one   hundredth  anniversary  an  historical  sketch 
of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Fire  Society.     On  the 
problems  of  municipal  government,  Mr.  Sprague  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  leading  authorities  in  Massachusetts. 


BOSTON. 


203 


JAMES  J.    GRACE    easily   takes  a   foremost    place 
among  Boston's    progressive   business  men.      To 
his    enterprise    the   city   is  indebted   for   many  of  her 
most  substantial   and    beautiful    buildings,   notably  the 
elegant  "Grace  Building,"  which  is  such  an  ornament  to 
southern  Washington  Street,  and  that  splendid  specimen 
of  Moorish  architecture,  the  Columbia  Theatre,  which  is 
not  only  among  the  most  l)eautiful  but  is  also  one  of  the 
best   appointed    and    equipijed    among  American  play- 
houses.   In  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Columbia 
a  remarkable  feat  in 
b  u  i  Id  i  n  g  was  per- 
formed.    The    work 
was  begun  March  14, 
1 89 1,    and    in     less 
than    seven    months 
the    whole    building 
was   completed    and 
ready  for  the  first  per- 
formance.    This  was 
given   Oct.  5,    1891, 
when  the  theatre  was 
opened   with    "  Men 
and  Women."    Since 
then  only  high-class 
drama   has  held  the 
boards.     In  decora- 
tions and  finish    the 
Columbia  is  entirely 
original,     among 
the     advantages     of 
its  arrangements 
being   the  fact    that 
there  is  not  a  seat  in 
the  house  that  does 
not  command  a  view 
of    the    whole   stage. 
The    balconies    are 
built  on  Boucicault's 

principle  of  "striking  a  straight  line  from  the  top  row  in 
each  balcony  to  a  point  on  the  stage  in  front  of  the  foot- 
lights, and  you  have  a  perfect  point  of  vision  for  every- 
body." The  impression  received  upon  entering  the 
audi.torium  is  that  of  being  in  the  courtyard  of  a  Moor- 
ish palace,  and  looking  into  the  great  entrance  to  the 
palace,  formed  by  the  proscenium  arch,  the  windows 
being  represented  by  the  boxes  and  loges  on  either 
hand.     The  general  effect  of  the  decoration  is  that  of 


JAMES  J.   GRACE 


old  ivory.  Loges,  seating  from  sixteen  to  twenty  per- 
sons, and  so  arranged  that  every  one  can  see  equally 
well,  take  the  place  of  the  conventional  box  on  the 
balcony  level.  Of  the  two  magnificent  drop  curtains, 
one  representing  the  "  Ruins  of  Alhambra,"  and  the 
other  the  "  Surrender  of  Granada,"  the  former  was  sug- 
gested by  Mr.  Grace's  son  Pierce.  Under  the  manage- 
ment of  Messrs.  Rich,  Harris  &  Frohman  the  prosperity 
of  this  house  has  been  phenomenal.     Mr.  Grace  is  one 

of  Boston's  heaviest 
real  estate  owners. 
He  was  born  at  St. 
John's,  Newfound- 
land, June  I,  1839. 
He  comes  of  titled 
Irish  stock,  whose 
home  for  centuries 
was  at  Callan,  Kil- 
kenny, and  among 
his  ancestors  were 
the  famous  Earls  of 
Ormand.  Mr.  Grace 
obtained  his  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of 
St.  John's,  and  at  the 
age  of  twenty-six  he 
came  to  Boston, 
where  he  entered 
upon  a  mercantile 
career.  In  1867  he 
started  in  the  mil- 
Hnery  business  for 
^j.  himself,  in  Washing- 

I*  tonStreet,and 

\  remained  there  until 

\  '^^^■■i    "  '^'^  store  wa?  burned 

down.  He  then 
opened  another  mil- 
linery store  on  Tem- 
ple Place,  where  he 
was  one  of  the  mercantile  pioneers.  He  is  a  direct 
importer  of  the  finest  millinery  goods  from  the  most 
celebrated  houses  in  London  and  Paris,  and  now  main- 
tains two  extensive  establishments,  "  La  Mode,"  at  No. 
26  Temple  Place,  and  "The  Bouquet,"  at  No.  134  Tre- 
mont  Street,  employing  seventy-five  skilled  assistants. 
He  is  a  prominent  and  active  member  of  the  Catholic 
LTnion,  and  a  life  member  of  the  Young  Men's  Catholic 
Association  of  Boston. 


204 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES  G.  FALL,  son  of  (iersliom  L.and  Rowena 
P.    (Moody)    Fall,  was  born   in  Maiden,  Mass., 
June  2  2,   1S45.     His  early  education  was   received    at 
Hathaway's  School,  in  Medford  ;  he  was  fitted  for  col- 
lege at  Phillips  (Exeter)  Academy;  and  was  graduated 
at    Harvard    College    in    the  class  of    186S.     He  early 
developed  a   taste    for   public   speaking,    and  while    at 
school  won  several  medals,  and  several  prizes  while  in 
college.     He  studied  law  in  P.oston  with  Judge  William 
A.    Richardson,    was 
admitted  to  the  Suf- 
folk bar  in  July,  1869, 
and  practised  law  in 
St.  I,ouis,  Mo.,  for  a 
year.      Returning  to 
Boston   in    1870,  he 
took  an  office  there 
(meanwhile    attend- 
ing the  Harvard  Law 
School     and    gradu- 
ating in  the  class  of 
1S71 ),  and  for  many 
years  has  had  a  large 
and    lucrative    prac- 
tice.      Soon  after 
leaving     college     he 
became  interested  in 
public  matters,  and, 
though  never  a  can- 
didate   for    public 
office,  he  was,  in  sev-  -^ 

eral  State  and  presi- 
dential elections,  an 
earnest  worker  and 
an  effective  cam- 
paign speaker.  In 
politics  he  has  always 
been  Republican. 
During  his  earlier 
years   at   the  bar  he 

was  also  interested  in  philanthropic  measures,  and  strove 
to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  the  insane  by  improving 
the  condition  of  hospitals  and  by  legislation  to  prevent 
their  unjust  imprisonment.  He  also  sought  to  better 
the  condition  of  the  working  classes  by  shorter  hours  of 
lal)or,  higher  wages,  greater  freedom  of  contract  and 
better  security  for  life  and  limb.  His  efforts  in  this 
(lirection  have  been  untiring,  well  directed  and  fruitful. 
'I'o  avoid  the  strikes  and  lockouts,  which  for  a  quarter  of 


\ 


CHARLES    G.    FALL 


a  century  had  been  the  method  of  warfare  used  by 
employers  and  emjiloyees,  at  the  request  of  all  the 
State  organizations  of  labor,  he  drew  and  advocated  the 
act  creating  (in  1886)  the  State  Board  of  Arbitration  and 
Conciliation,  which  has  proved  such  an  effective  remedy. 
For  many  years  he  advocated,  by  writing  and  speaking, 
especially  before  legislative  and  political  committees, 
measures  to  make  the  lives  of  workmen,  particularly 
railroad  employees,  more  secure;  and  in  1883  he  wrote, 

for  the  Labor  Bureau, 
the   report    on    em- 
ployers'   liability   for 
,  personal     injury     to 

their  employees, 
containing  an  anal- 
ysis of  the  existing 
law,  its  injustice,  the 
objections  to  the 
legal  rule  compelling 
workmen  to  assume 
the  risks  of  their 
employment,  and  a 
discussion  of  the  rea- 
sons for  and  against 
its  change.  He  is 
the  father  of  the 
Employers'  Liability 
Act  of  1887.  As  an 
outspoken  ad\ocate 
of  the  rights  of  labor, 
Mr.  Fall  stands  pre- 
eminent, and  his  ser- 
i;  vices    have   been  all 

the  more  valuable, 
inasmuch  as  his  ar- 
guments, while  em- 
phasizing the  duty  of 
employer  to  em- 
ployed, were  directed 
towards  a  m  u  t  u  al 
recognition  of  that  to  which  each  class  was  entitled. 
He  has  likewise  published  two  volumes  of  poetry,  one 
entitled  "  Dreams  "  (1883),  and  another  called  "  .•X  Vil- 
lage Sketch"  (1886).  Both  volumes  were  favorably 
received  by  the  critics  and  by  the  public.  In  1887 
he  married  Emily  B.  Fabian.  They  have  one  son.  !\Ir. 
Fall's  residence  is  in  Boston,  and  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Boston  Bar  Association,  the  Algonquin,  Exchange  and 
other  social  clubs. 


BOSTON. 


205 


IN  the  long  line  of  brilliant  men  of  Irish  birth  and 
American  adoption  who  have  enriched  our  litera- 
ture and  helped  to  elevate  the  standard  of  public  life, 
James  Jeffrey  Roche,  the  scholarly  poet  of  Boston,  who 
guides  the  literary  destinies  of  the  Pilot,  merits  place. 
To  step  into  the  jiosition  made  vacant  by  the  too  early 
demise  of  the  patriotic  and  gifted  John  Boyle  O'Reilly, 
was  an  undertaking  which  was  modestly  assumed  by 
Mr.  Roche,  but  the  sequel  has  shown  that  though  taken 
with  trepidation, 
there  has  been  no 
occasion  to  regret  a 
step  that  has  been 
gratifying  alike  to 
all  concerned.  Mr. 
Roche  is  one  of  the 
rising  literary  men 
of  America.  He  is 
a  forceful  writer,  an 
able  speaker,  a  n  d 
his  sunny  tempera- 
ment makes  friends 
of  all  w  ho  come 
within  range  of  his 
magnetic  personality. 
His  talents  are  fre- 
quently le\ied  upon 
on  public  occasions, 
where  his  eloquence 
and  resource  invaria- 
lilv  i>rove  attractive 
and  interesting. 
James  Jeffrey  Roche 
was  born  at  Mount- 
m  e  1 1  i  c  k  ,  Queen's 
County,  Ireland, 
May  31,  1847.  His 
parents  emigrated 
in  the  same  year 
to     l^rince     Edward 

Island,  where  he  was  educated,  first  by  his  father, 
Edward  Roche,  an  accomplished  scholar,  and  after- 
wards at  St.  Dunstan's  College,  Charlottetown.  Among 
his  classmates  at  the  latter  institution  were  the  present 
Chief  Justice  Sullivan,  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  and 
Archbishop  O'Brien,  of  Halifax,  N.  S.  After  leaving 
college  Mr.  Roche  came  to  the  United  States  in  May, 
1866,  and  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  for  seven- 
teen years  ;  at  the  same  time  he  dabbled  in  literature, 


JAMES   JEFFREY    ROCHE 


writing  for  various  news])apers  and  magazines,  notably 
the  Boston  Pilot.  In  June,  1883,  he  was  offered  by  his 
friend,  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  the  position  of  assistant 
editor  on  the  /'//('/,  which  he  accepted,  and  held  until 
the  death  of  his  chief,  in  .i^ugust,  1S90,  when  he  became 
the  principal  editor.  In  1884  he  was  elected  secretary 
of  the  famous  Papyrus  Club  of  Boston,  holding  the 
office  for  five  consecutixe  years,  and  being  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  club  in   1890.     His  published  works  are  a 

volume  of  jj  o  e  m  s  , 
"  Songs  and  Satires  " 
(Ticknor     &     Co., 
1886);     "Life    of 
John  Boyle  O'Reilly" 
(Casse  1 1  &   Co  . , 
1890)  ;  "Story  of  the 
Filibusters"    ('P. 
Fisher  Unwin,    Lon- 
don, and  Macmillan 
&   Co.,    New'   York, 
1891).     The  Llniver- 
sity  of  Notre  Dame, 
Indiana,      conferred 
the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
on  him  last  vear.    He 
is    a    brother  of    the 
late  John  Roche,  pay 
clerk    in  the  I'nited 
Slates    Na\y,    who 
])erished      heroically 
in    the    Samoan  dis- 
aster of  March,  1889. 
Mr.    Roche  was    the 
|)oet  of  the  occasion 
on    the    unveiling  of 
the    "higlr- water 
mark  monument"  at 
the  national  dedica- 
tion on  the    field  of 
(iettysburg,  June    2, 
1892,  OR  which  occasion  his    effort  was  worthy  of  the 
high  theme  that  inspired  him.     In  the  poetry  of  patriot- 
ism and  humanity  he  exhibits  his  highest  development. 
Mr.    Roche  was  also  the  poet  on  the  occasion  of   the 
celebration  of  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  founding  of  \Voburn,  Mass.,  on  October  6,  1892. 
His  poem  in  commemoration  of  this  notable  event  was 
remarkably  fine  and  vigorous,  and  takes  rank  with  the 
best  productions,  of  this  character,  in  .American  literature. 


2o6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


L EVERETT  SAI.TONSTAI,L  comes  of  a  family 
which  has  been  identified  with  the  affairs  of  this 
coimtry  since  1630,  and  whose  members  have  all  been 
remarkable  for  the  tenacity  with  which  they  have  held 
to  their  opinions,  even  when  in  the  minority  and  often 
in  personal  danger.  Sir  Richard  Saltonstall,  of  Hunt- 
wick,  knight,  lord  of  the  manor  of  I  eadsham,  near 
Leeds,  first-named  associate  under  the  Massachusetts 
charter,  came  to  this  country  in  1630  in  the  "Arabella  " 
with  Governor  Win- 
throp,  and  began  the 
settlement  of  Water- 
town.  He  was  an 
original  patentee  of 
Connecticut.  H  i  s 
son  Richard,  who 
came  here  with  him, 
settled  in  Ipswich  in 
1635.  Richard  Sal- 
tonstall '  was  a  man 
of  great  strength  of 
character,  and  when 
Winthrop  and  others 
proposed  to  establish 
an  executive  council, 
with  hereditary  rights, 
he  opposed  the  idea 
so  strongly  that  it 
was  given  up,  al- 
though, had  such  a 
council  been  estab- 
lished, Saltonstall 
would  have  been  one 
of  the  men  to  receive 
the  greatest  advan- 
tages from  it.  Na- 
thaniel, son  of  Rich- 
ard, appointed  one 
of  the  judges  in  1692 
to  try  the  witches,  left 

the  court  and  courageously  refused  to  have  anything  to 
do  with  the  business.  Mr.  Saltonstall  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  March  16,  1825.  His  father,  Leverett  Saltonstall, 
was  an  eminent  advocate  of  Salem,  speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives,  president  of  the  State  Senate,  and 
a  member  of  Congress,  respected  and  beloved  for  his 
great  i|ualities  of  mind  and  heart.  Mr.  Saltonstall  pre- 
pared for  matriculation  at  the  Salem  Latin  School,  then 
entered  Harvard,  and  graduated  in   1844.     He  studied 


LEVERETT    SALTONSTALL 


at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  graduated  in  1847  with  the 
degrees  of  A.  M.  and  LL.  B.,  was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk  bar,  and  practised  until  1862.  Mr.  Saltonstall 
is  a  man  of  wide  culture,  and  has  been  many  times 
asked  to  assume  positions  of  trust,  which,  although 
requiring  much  labor  and  time,  have  been  mostly  of 
a  gratuitous  nature.  When  Mr.  Cleveland  was  elected 
President  in  1884  he  appointed  Mr.  Saltonstall  collector 
of   the  port  of    Boston,   which   position  he  held  until 

February,     1890.     A 
member  of  the  Board 
of  Overseers  of  Har- 
vard    College     from 
1876    to     1888,    Mr- 
Saltonstall    was 
elected  to  fill  another 
term    in    1889.     He 
is  an  active  member 
of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical   Society, 
and  also  of  the  New 
England    Historic 
(lenealogical  Society 
and     the     Bostonian 
Society.      He     is     a 
member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  old 
Massachusetts    Soci- 
ety    for     Promoting 
Agriculture,    and    is 
identified  with  a  num- 
ber of  associations  of 
a  like  character.     He 
was    for     two    years 
president  of  the  Uni- 
tarian Club.    In  1854 
Mr.    Saltonstall    was 
appointed  to  the  staff 
of   Governor    Emery 
Washburn,   receiving 
the  rank  of   lieutenant-colonel,  and  in  1876  he  was  a 
commissioner   from    Massachusetts    to    the    Centennial 
Exposition  at  Philadelphia.     Mr.  Saltonstall  was  married 
at   .Salem    to    Rose    S.,    daughter   of    John    Clark   and 
Harriet     Lee.       They     had     six    children :      Leverett 
(died,    1863),    Richard    Middlecott,    Rose    Lee    (Mrs. 
Dr.    (leorge    West,    deceased),    Philip    Leverett,   Mary 
E.    (Mrs.  Louis  A.  Shaw)    and  Endicott  Peabody  Sal- 
tonstall, 


BOSTON. 


207 


IDENTIFIED  for  nearly  half  a  century  with  the  pub- 
lic life  of  New  England,  the  veteran  lawyer  and 
statesman,  Ambrose  A.  Ranney,  has  made  a  career  that 
in  its  every  phase  and  detail  has  been  beyond  danger 
of  assailment.  Only  a  summary  of  it  is  possible  here. 
Ambrose  Atwood  Ranney,  son  of  Waitstill  R.  and 
Phoebe  (Atwood)  Ranney,  was  born  in  Townshend, 
Windham  County,  Vt.,  April  16,  1821.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Townshend  Academy,  and  was  gradu- 
ated from  Dartmouth 
College  in  the  class 
of  1844.     H  is  lif  e  ' 

was  spent  on  the 
home  farm  until  he 
was  nineteen  years 
of  age.  His  father 
was  the  leading  phy- 
sician of  his  native 
place,  and  was  for 
two  years  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Vermont. 
.\fter  graduation  he 
studied  law  with 
Hon.  Andrew  Tracy, 
in  Woodstock,  Vt., 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  Vermont 
in  1847.  He  imme- 
diately remo\ed  to 
Boston,  and  was  ad 
mittetl  to  the  Suffolk 
bar  in  June,  184S. 
Mr.  Ranney  was 
married  Dec.  4, 
1850,  to  Maria  D., 
daughter  of  Addison 
and  Maria  (Ingals) 
Fletcher.  Of  this 
union  were  four  chil- 
dren :  Fletcher  Ran- 
ney, Maria  P.,  Helen  M.  and  Alice  Ranney  (now  Mrs. 
Thomas  Allen).  Mr.  Ranney  was  city  solicitor  for 
Boston  in  1855  and  1856;  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  1857,  1863  and  1864;  elected  to 
Congress  in  iSSo,  as  a  Republican  from  the  third  con- 
gressional district ;  was  twice  re-elected,  serving  through 
the  Forty-seventh,  Forty-eighth  and  Forty-ninth  con- 
gresses. He  joined  the  Republican  party  at  its  organi- 
zation, and  has  ever  since  remained  an  active  worker  in 


AMBROSE   A.    RANNEY 


its  ranks.  He  served  two  terms  in  Congress  on  the 
Committee  on  Elections,  investigating  frauds  and  ren- 
dering valuable  service  in  the  interest  of  fair  elections 
and  the  integrity  of  the  ballot-box,  dealing,  as  has  been 
his  wont  at  the  bar,  heavy  blows  in  his  condemnation  of 
frauds  and  infringements  of  the  rights  of  citizens. 
During  the  last  term  he  was  a  member  of  the  Judiciary 
Committee,  and  was  appointed  at  the  head  of  a  special 
committee    on   the   Republican  side  of   the   House   to 

investigate     the     fa- 
mous    Pan-Electric 
scheme,   invohing 
the    reputation    and 
conduct  of  high  gov- 
ernmental  o  ffi  c  i  a  1  s 
and    exciting     great 
public  interest.     His 
services  on  this  com- 
mittee  are  a  matter 
of  honorable  record. 
His    absorbing    aim 
and    ambition     was, 
however,  in  the  pro- 
fession  of    the    law. 
In  this,  before  enter 
ing  Congress,  he  had 
achieved    eminent 
success.     He     had 
been    only   a    f  e  w 
years  at  the  bar  when 
the     office     of     city 
solicitor    was    c  o  n- 
ferred  upon  him,  and 
his      duties     therein 
were  discharged  with 
entire  satisfaction  to 
all.     He    had     little 
taste  for  politics,  and 
political  honors  have 
at    all     times     been 
thrust  upon  him,  rather  than  sought  for.     But  during 
his  legislative  service,  both  State  and  national,  he  won 
the  respect  and  esteem  of  all  parties,  and  impressed  the 
public  generally  by   his  manly  bearing,  his  fidelity  to 
duty,  and  his  ability  as  a  lawyer  and  legislator.     While 
his  return  to  private  life  and  his  chosen  profession  has 
been  more  congenial  to  him,  his  los-s  to  the  public  ser- 
vice was  the  cause  of  deep  regret  among  all  who  know 
him  and  appreciate  his  merits. 


208 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


O^VEN  A.  GALVIN,  lawyer,  is  well  known  in  profes- 
sional and  political  circles  in  Boston,  where  he 
was  born  on  June  21,  1852,  being  the  son  of  Patrick  and 
Mary  (Hughes)  dalvin.  His  early  education  was 
gained  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and 
deciding  to  take  up  the  legal  profession  after  his  gradu- 
ation from  the  public  schools,  he  entered  the  office  of 
Hon.  Charles  F.  Donnelly,  and  then  the  Boston  Univer- 
sity Law  School,  and  was  graduated  in  1876.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
Feb.  29  of  that  year, 
and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Boston 
in  1881,  having  in 
t  h  e  meantime  a  c  - 
quired  in  the  office 
of  Mr.  Donnelly  a 
varied  experience  in 
the  intricacies  of  civil 
law  and  its  applica- 
t  i  o  n  to  c  o  ni  p  le  X 
cases.  His  interest 
in  politics  developed 
early,  and  he  has 
been  a  counsellor  in 
the  Democratic  party 
since  the  seventies. 
In  1879  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the 
D  em  oc  r  a  t  i  c  City 
Committee,  and  was 
re-elected  in  1880, 
1881  and  1882.  In 
the  two  latter  years 
lie  served  as  vice- 
president  of  that 
body,  and  has  been 
a  member  se\eral 
times  since.  In  1881 
he  was  elected  to  the 

lower  branch  of  the  General  Court,  where  in  that  term 
he  served  on  the  committees  on  education  and  consti- 
tutional amendments.  After  this  one  term  in  the  House 
his  constituents  sent  him,  in  1882,  to  the  State  Senate, 
and  in  1883  and  1884  he  was  handsomely  re-elected. 
In  1884  he  received  the  entire  vote  of  the  Democratic 
members  for  the  position  of  president  of  the  Senate. 
The  important  committees  upon  which  he  served  in  the 
Senate  were  those  on  liquor  law,  labor,  education,  judi- 


OWEN    A,    GALVIN 


ciary  and  election  laws.  He  also  served  on  a  special 
committee  appointed  to  visit  penal  and  charitable  insti- 
tutions, and  on  the  report  of  this  committee  the  reform- 
atory prison  at  Concord  and  the  Homoeopathic  Hospital 
for  the  Insane  were  e.stablished.  By  Hon.  George  M. 
Stearns,  in  July,  1 886,  he  was  appointed  assistant  United 
States  district  attorney,  and  when,  in  September,  1887, 
Mr.  Stearns  resigned  the  office,  Mr.  Galvin  was  appointed 
to  succeed    him,  the  appointment  made  during  recess 

being  afterwards  con- 
firmed by  the  Senate. 
In  this  position  Mr. 
Galvin  was  eminently 
successful,  conduct- 
ing the  affairs  of  the 
office  with  discretion 
and  ability.  He  re- 
signed his  office  in 
October,  1889,  the 
resignation  not  being 
accepted  until  May, 
1890.  In  the  Boston 
Democratic  mayor- 
alty convention  of 
1889  Mr.  Galvin  was 
nominated  for  t  h  e 
office  of  mayor,  but 
was  defeated  at  the 
polls  by  Thomas  N. 
Hart.  In  1891  he 
was  appointed  b  y 
( iovernor  William  E. 
Russell  to  the  Charles 
River  Improvement 
Commission,  and  his 
associates  on  that 
board  honored  him 
by  making  him  their 
chairman.  Mr.  Gal- 
vin is  prominently 
identified  with  the  Massachusetts  Catholic  Order  of 
Foresters,  and  in  1882-83  "'''^^  high  chief  ranger  for 
Massachusetts.  He  was  re-elected  in  1891  and  1892. 
In  the  latter  year  Mr.  Galvin  was  a  prominent  candidate 
for  mayor  before  the  Democratic  convention  which  nomi- 
nated Nathan  Matthews,  Jr.  Mr.  Galvin  was  married  in 
Boston,  July  3,  1879,  to  Jennie  T.,  daughter  of  Timothy 
K.  and  Ellen  (O'DriscoU)  Sullivan.  Their  children  are  : 
Stephen  P.,  Augustus  H.  and  Frederick  S.  Galvin. 


BOSTON. 


209 


THE  largest  playhouse  in  Boston,  and  for  many  years 
the  largest  in  the  country,  is  the  Boston  Theatre, 
whose  business  agent  is  Henry  A.  M'Glenen.     For  more 
than  forty   years   Bostonians  have  known  him  only  as 
"Harry   M'Glenen,"  a  name   that   is    familiar   to  every 
play-goer  and  to  every  business  man  in  the  city.     His 
circle  of   acquaintance  is  large,  embracing  most  of  the 
prominent  and  not   a  few  of   the  humblest  citizens  of 
the  city  and  of   New  England,  and   yet  comparatively 
few   know   much    of 
his  interesting  h  i  s  - 
tory,    so   quietly,    so 
unostentatiously,  and 
so   modestly  has   he 
pursued    his   chosen 
pathway  in  life.    Mr. 
M'Glenen  was   born 
in    Baltimore,    Md., 
Nov.  28,   1826.     He 
attended    the   public 
schools,    and   at  the 
age   of   twelve  years 
entered   a    printing- 
office    in    his   native 
city,  and   served  an 
apprenticeship  a  s   a 
compositor.    He  was 
afterward   a   student 
in  St.  Mary's  College, 
Baltimore,  where  he 
worked  in  the  print- 
ing-office established 
by   the   faculty.     I  n 
1845,  without   pre- 
meditation, and  with 
no  definite  object  in 
view,  he  started  for 
Boston,   and   landed 
here  with  scanty  bag- 
gage and  a  cash  capi- 
tal of  six  cents.     He  obtained,  in  the  composing-room 
of  the  Daily  Advertiser,  a  regular  situation,  which  he  re- 
signed in  1846,  to  enlist  in  the  Mexican  War.     While  in 
Matamoras,    Mr.    M'Glenen   worked   on   the   Aincriian 
Flag,  a  semi-weekly  newspaper  published  to  enliven  the 
tedium  of  camp  life.     Returning  to  Boston  in  1848,  he 
became,  in  1850,  a  reporter  on  the  Boston  Herald.     He 
then  went  to  the  Daily  Mail,  and  after  a  year  or  two  in 
other  offices  he  took  charge  of  the  Times  job  office.    He 


HENRY    A.    M'GLENEN 


managed  the  business  of  Dan  Rice's  circus  in  Boston  so 
successfully  that  it  brought  him  much  work  from  others. 
For  two  seasons  he  had  charge  of  the  business  of  the 
Marsh  children  at  the  Howard  Athenreum,  after  which 
he  was  connected  with  several  companies.     In  1857  he 
was  presented  with  a  handsome  souvenir  for  the  manner 
in  which  he  managed  a  concert  given  by  the  band  of 
the  National  Ckiard  of  New  York,  which  was  here  on  a 
visit.     About    this    time    the   people's  promenade  con- 
certs, given  at  Music 
Hall,    were    very 
popular,    a  n  d    M  r . 
M'Glenen  was  inter- 
ested in    them    with 
Patrick   S.    Gilmore. 
When  Wyzeman 
Marshall   had   leases 
of  the  Howard  Athe- 
naeum and  the  Bos- 
t  o  n    Theatre,    M  r  . 
M'Glenen    looked 
after    h  i  s    interests, 
and    later    he    d  i  d 
much  work  for  M  r  . 
Jarrett,  who  had  the 
Boston.      In     1866 
Mr.   M'Glenen   gave 
up  the  printing  busi- 
ness and  took  charge 
of  the    concert    tour 
of  Parepa  Rosa.     In 
1867    he     took    the 
Mendelssohn    Quin- 
tette Club  on  a  West- 
ern tour,  and  in  1 868 
became  b  u  s'i  n  e  s  s 
manager  of  Selwyn's 
Theatre,     afterwards 
the    Globe.     In   the 
the  great  Peace  Jubi- 
lee of  1869  he  had  a  leading  part  in  the  arrangements, 
and  its  success  was  in  no  small  degree  due  to  his  efforts. 
In  1 87 1  he  became  business  agent  of  the  Boston  Thea- 
tre, the  position  which  he  still  holds.     He  has  had  more 
benefits  than   almost   any  other   man  in  the  dramatic 
business,  and  every  one  of  them  has  been  a  great  musical 
or  dramatic  and  social  event  of  the  year  in  which  it  has 
occurred.     Mr.  M'Glenen  was  married  in   1849  to  Miss 
Caroline  M.  Bruce,  of  Boston.     They  have  two  sons. 


iio 


Massachusetts  ot  to-Day. 


FREDERICK    AUGUSTUS    GILBERT    is    one   of 
the    best-known   and    most  successful    managers 
of   electric-lighting  enterprises   in  the  country.      Early 
recognizing  the  future  value  and  importance  of  electric 
lighting  as  a  legitimate   commercial    industry,   he    has 
become  largely  interested  in  the  ownership  and  identi- 
fied with  the  management  of  successful  companies    in 
New    Haven  and    Bridgeport,  Conn.,   Newport,    R.    I., 
Boston,    Mass.,   and    Portland,    Me.     He  was    born    in 
H  a  m  d  e  n  ,      Conn., 
April  2g,   1847.     He 
lived  on  his  father's 
farm     until    he    was 
eleven  years  of  age, 
when,  with  his  fath- 
er's   family,    he    re- 
moved   to      N  e  w 
Haven.     He    at- 
tended   its    common 
schools  until  he  was 
fourteen    years    old, 
and    then  began  his 
business  career  as  a 
clerk  in  a  local  store. 
When  nineteen  years 
of   age   he   had  suc- 
ceeded in  saving  out 
of  his  small  salary  a 
sufficient  amount   to 
enable    him    to     go 
to  the  oil  regions  of 
Pennsylvania,     and 
engage     in    specula- 
tion   in    the  oil  and 
land  leases.     Having 
made  a  little  money 
here,  he  returned  to 
New  Haven,  and  be- 
came a  clerk  in  the 
house-d  e  c  o  r  a  t  i  n  g 

business.  Just  before  he  was  twenty-one  he  bought  out 
the  proprietor,  paying  him,  in  part,  with  money  bor- 
rowed for  the  pur])ose.  He  was  successful  in  the  prose- 
cution of  this  business  and  remained  in  it  until  1886. 
Meantime,  the  business  of  commercial  electric  lighting 
had  been  started.  A  company  was  organized  in  New 
Haven  in  1882,  in  which  Mr.  Gilbert  became  a  stock- 
holder but  not  a  director.  In  less  than  a  year  the  com- 
pany had  become  hopelessly  insolvent,  and  was  sold  out 


FREDERICK    A.    GILBERT 


for  a  small  amount  over  its  indebtedness.  The  con- 
trolling interest  in  the  company  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Gilbert  and  a  few  friends,  and  he  became  the  president 
of  the  corporation.  Since  then  he  has  become  con- 
nected, in  the  same  way,  with  the  electric-lighting 
industry  in  the  other  cities  above  named.  In  every 
case  the  companies  had  been  losing  money  prior  to  his 
connection  with  them,  and  in  every  case  he  and  his 
friends  have  i)ut  them  upon  a  dividend-paying  basis,  at 

the    same    time    en- 
larging   their    prop- 
erty  and    improving 
their    service.     In 
1886    Mr.     Gilbert 
secured    the    control 
of   an   electric-light- 
ing company  in  Bos- 
ton.    Since    then    it 
has    been    consoli- 
dated   with    three 
other     companies, 
under   the    name    of 
the    Boston   F^lectric 
Light     Company, 
which    now   does    a 
flourishing     business 
on    a  capital  of   up- 
wards of  $1,300,000. 
Mr.    Gilbert    has  al- 
ways been  the  presi- 
d  e  n  t   and    general 
manager  of  this  cor- 
jjoration,  and  devotes 
himself  principally  to 
its  affairs.    The  com- 
bined capital  of  the 
electric-lighting    en- 
terprises in  which  he 
is  engaged  is    nearly 
$3,000,000.     He    is 
president  of  four  companies  and  vice-president  of  one. 
In  1889  the  principal  electric-lighting  and  some  of  the 
gas  companies  of  the  State  formed   an  association   for 
defensive   jiurposes,  under  the  name  of  the   Massachu- 
setts   Electric  Lighting  Association,  Mr.  Gilbert  being 
chosen  president.     He  has  since  been  twice  re-elected, 
his  special  knowledge  of  the  business  pro\ing  of  great 
value.     Mr.  Gilbert's  family  consists  of  a  wife  and  three 
children.     He  resides  in  Brookline. 


BOSTON. 


211 


CHARLES  A.   HOPKINS,  who  represents  the  Mu- 
tual Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York  as  its 
general  agent,  with  headquarters  in  Boston,  was  born  in 
Spencer,  Tioga  County,  N.  V.,  Sept.  5,  1841,  and  is  the 
son  of  Samuel  A.  and  Helen  (Carpenter)  Hopkins.     At 
an  early  age  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Jersey  City, 
N.  L,  where  he  attended  the  famous  IJickinson  School. 
At  the  outbreak  of  the  W'ar  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  a  clerk 
in  a  wholesale  dry  goods  house  in  New  York,  occupying 
an  excellent  position 
and  with  bright  pros- 
pects for  the  future. 
These     he     relin- 
quished to  enter  the 
Union   service    as   a 
private  in  the  Eighth 
New    York     Militia. 
Upon  his  return  from 
three     months'    ser- 
vice, he  was  actively 
engaged    in    recruit- 
ing, and    assisted   in 
the    organization    of 
several  regiments. 
In  August,   1862,  he 
became    adjutant    of 
the  Thirteenth   New 
Jersey,     with     which 
regiment     he     was 
identified    until    the 
close    of     the     war, 
serving,  however,  for 
a  large  portion  of  the 
time,  on  the  staff  of 
the  ge  n  e  ra  1  com- 
manding  the  Twen- 
tieth    Corps.     He 
was  brevetted  major 
for  distinguished  ser- 
vices, was   mustered 

out  in  June,  1865,  and  in  July  entered  the  home  office 
of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New  York  in 
a  subordinate  capacity.  His  attention  to  the  details  of 
the  business,  and  his  evident  capacity  for  higher  w-ork, 
gained  him  rapid  promotion,  until  he  reached  the  post 
of  cashier,  which  position  he  retained  until  1875,  when 
he  was  appointed  general  agent  for  Rhode  Island,  and 
removed  to  Providence.  In  this  new  position  he  was 
most  successful.     \Yhile  in  Rhode  Island  he  represented 


CHARLES    A.    HOPKINS 


the  city  of  Providence  in  the  State  Legislature  for  two 
terms,  and  also  served  in  the  State  militia  as  chief  of 
staff  and  inspector,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
In  January,  1888,  Colonel  Hopkins  was  transferred  to 
the  Massachusetts  agency,  where  the  business  of  the 
company  has  been  largely  increased  by  his  methods  and 
energy.  The  insurance  now  carried  by  citizens  of  this 
State  in  this  one  company  amounts  to  nearly  §40,000, 000, 
the    annual     premium    collections    on    which    exceed 

Si, 500,000,  or  about 
double  those  of  any 
other    company. 
The  business  of  the 
agency  is  conducted 
in  handsome  and 
extensive    efiices   on 
the  second    floor   of 
the   company's    own 
fire-proof  building 
(recognized    as   one 
of  the  finest  architec- 
tural   ornaments    of 
the  city),  at  No.  95 
Milk  Street,  Boston. 
Colonel  Hopkins's 
success  as  a  life  in- 
surance   manager   is 
mainlv  owing  to  his 
thorough    familiarity 
with    the    principles 
of  the  business,  and 
to  a  close   attention 
to  its  details.     He  is 
a   director   in  the 
Mercantile  Loan  and 
Trust     Company,    a 
trustee  of  the  North- 
field    School    for 
Girls,    and    of    the 
Springfield    Training 
School;  a  director  of  the  Boston  Young  Men's  Christian 
x\ssociation,  and  treasurer  of  the  Andover  House  Asso- 
ciation.    Colonel  Hopkins's  wife  was  Sarah  Louise  Aus- 
tin, daughter  of  \\'alter  .\ustin,  of  Catskill,  N.  Y.     They 
have   six  children :     Martha   A.,   Louis    L.,    Helen    C, 
Grace,    Walter    A.   and     Louise.      Their    home    is    in 
Brookline,     w-here     Colonel      Hopkins      has     recently 
erected,    on  Aspinwall    Hill,   one  of  the  finest    houses 
in  the  vicinity. 


2  I  2 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FREDERICK    LOTHROP    AMES,   capitalist,    rail- 
road builder  and  director,  was   born  in  Easton, 
Mass.,  on  June  8,   1835,  the  son  of   Oliver  and  Sarah 
(Lothrop)  Ames.     At  Concord  he  received    his    early 
education,  and  at  Phillips  Exeter  he  was  fitted  for  col- 
lege.    He  was  graduated  from  Harvard  in  1854,  before 
he  was  twenty  years  old.     His  tastes  then  were  inclined 
to  the  law,  but  in  deference  to  his  father's   desire  he 
went   into  business.     It  was   his  father's  wish    that  he 
start   at   the  bottom 
of    the    ladder,    and 
he  at  once  became  a 
a  clerk  in  the  great 
.■\  m  e  s    works     at 
North  Easton.    From 
grade    to    grade,   as 
the  rules  of    the  es- 
tablishment required, 
he    advanced,    and 
after    se\eral     years 
he    was     placed     in 
charge    of  the   ac- 
countant's depart- 
ment.    Very   early 
he  showed  a  marked 
executive  ability,  and 
when,    in     1863,    he 
became  a  member  of 
the  firm  he    was   an 
experienced  business 
man.      Until    1876 
the    firm    name    was 
Oliver  Ames  &  Sons, 
but    in   that    year  it 
was    reorganized    as 
the    Oliver   .^mes  & 
Sons  Corporation, 
with    F.  L.  Ames  as 
treasurer,    which     is 
his  present  position. 

Early  in  his  business  career,  Mr.  Ames  had  become 
interested  in  railroads,  and  when  a  young  man  was 
a  director  in  the  Union  Pacific,  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern,  Missouri  Pacific  and  Texas  Pacific  rail- 
roads. Gradually  he  diverted  his  attention  from  mer- 
chandise to  railroads,  and  to-day  he  is  officially  con- 
nected with  some  seventy-five  railroads,  and  is  con- 
ceded to  be  one  of  the  best-informed  men  on  all 
matters  pertaining  to  this  branch  of   enterprise  in  the 


country.  To  give  a  list  of  all  the  various  corporations 
with  which  Mr.  Ames  is  connected  as  president,  vice- 
president  or  director,  would  occupy  a  large  space. 
Many  of  the  monetary  institutions  of  Boston  claim  a 
part  of  his  attention,  and  he  is  identified  with  several 
charitable  institutions.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
corporation  of  Harvard  College.  One  of  his  diversions 
is  that  of  horticulture,  and  in  this  he  is  remarkably 
skilled  and  well  informed.     His  collection  of   orchids 

at  his  palatial  North 
Easton  home    is  the 
finest  in  the  United 
States,    'and    in    his 
greenhouses  Mr. 
Ames    often    spends 
hours    watching    the 
development   of    his 
ideas  in  the  cultiva- 
t i  o  n     of     beautiful 
flowers.     He    is  also 
a   collector    of    rare 
china,  paintings  and 
tapestry,  a  n  d    p  o  s- 
sesses   some   of    the 
finest   specimens    of 
the  handwork   of 
the  past.     His  hold- 
ings of  real  estate  in 
the    city   of    Boston 
are   very   large,  and 
one   of    the    notable 
buildings  of  the  city 
is  the  Ames  building, 
the    tallest    structure 
in  New  England,  sit- 
uated  at  the  corner 
of    Washington   and 
Court  streets.     This 
is    a    monument    of 
size,    strength    and 
architectural  beauty.     His  winter  home  is  on  Common- 
wealth Avenue,  Boston,  and  his  summer  home  at  North 
Easton.     In  i860  Mr.  Ames  was  married  to  Rebecca 
Blair,  daughter   of  James  Blair  of  St.  Louis,  who  origi- 
nally was  a  Virginian.     They  have  five  children  :  Helen 
Angler,  wife   of  Robert  C.  Hooper ;   Oliver,  2d,  Mary 
Shreve,  Lothrop  and  John  Stanley.     Mr.  Ames  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  most  skilful,  as  he  is  certainly  one  of 
the  most  successful,  financiers  in  New  England. 


FREDERICK    L.    AMES 


BOSTON. 


213 


Y 


EARS  ago  a  Boston  poet  said  of  his  native  town  :  - 

"  Her  threefold  hill  shall  be 
The  home  of  art,  the  inirse  of  libertv," 


and  more  than  any  other  Hving  man  he  has  helped  to  fulfil 
the  prophecy.  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes  is  an  essential 
part  of  Boston,  like  the  crier  who  becomes  so  identified 
with  the  court  that  it  seems  as  if  Justice  must  change 
her  quarters  when  he  is  gone.  The  Boston  of  Holmes, 
distinct  as  his  own 
personality,  is  passing 
away  with  the  gen- 
eration of  a  wit  who 
made  a  jest  that  his 
State  House  was  the 
hub  of  the  solar  sys- 
tem, and  in  his  heart 
believed  it.  But  Dr. 
Holmes  does  not  live 
in     the     past.      His 

youth   was  splendid,  ^^^^^F  ja^ 

but    his    old    age   is  ^^^^^"  ""^ 

glorious.  He  has 
lived  with  the  century 
as  it  grew  from  the 
age  of  nine  to  ninety- 
three,  and  has  held 
his  own  with  it.  He 
has  grown  in  literary 
strength  with  years. 
And  what  a  mar\el- 
lous  versatility  of  tal- 
ent !  By  virtue  of 
his  apt  response  to 
the  instant  call,  and 
of  the  wit,  wisdom 
and  conviction,  and 
the  scholarly  polish 
that  re  legate  his 
lightest    productions 

to  the  select  domain  of  art,  he  is  the  Dean  of  American 
"  occasional  "  poets.  A  perfect  phantasmagory  of  songs, 
odes  and  rhymed  addresses;  poems  on  collegiate  and 
civic  occasions  ;  tributes  to  princes,  embassies,  generals, 
heroes;  welcomes  to  novelists  and  poets;  eulogies  of 
the  dead;  verses  inaugural  and  dedicatory;  stanzas 
read  at  literary  breakfasts.  New  England  dinners,  muni- 
cipal and  bucolic  feasts  ;  odes  natal,  nuptial  and  mort- 
uary ;     metrical  delectations  offered  to  his  brothers  of 


OLIVER    WENDELL    HOLMES. 


the  medical  craft, —  to  which  he  is  so  loyal, — bristling 
with  scorn  of  quackery  and  challenge  to  opposing  sys- 
tems ;  not  only  equal  to  all  occasions,  but  growing  better 
with  their  increase.  A  kind  of  special  masterhood,  an 
indi\iduality,  humor,  touch,  seems  to  have  carried  him 
through  all  this,  and  much  more  besides,  and  to  have 
given  him  pre-eminence  in  a  field  the  most  arduous  and 
least  attractive  to  a  poet.  But  Dr.  Holmes  is  more  than 
a  poet,  he  is  a  philosopher,  — a  kind  of  attenuated  Frank- 
lin, viewing  m  e  n 
and  things  with  less 
robustness,  perhaps, 
but  with  keener  dis- 
tinction and  insight. 
Little  is  too  high  or 
too  low  for  his  perti- 
nent comment.  His 
maxims,  in  his  writ- 
ings and  in  his  con- 
versation, are  so  fre- 
quent that  it  seems 
as  if  he  had  jotted 
them  down  from  time 
to  time,  and  here 
first  brought  them  to 
application.  They 
are  apothegms  of 
common  life  and  ac- 
tion, often  of  mental 
experience,  strung 
together  by  a  device 
so  original  as  to 
make  his  "  Autocrat " 
a  novelty  in  litera- 
ture. The  last  of 
that  great  constella- 
tion of  writers  who 
gave  to  America  its 
first  golden  age  of 
letters.  Dr.  Holmes, 
in  his  declining  years,  is  in  the  serene  enjoyment  of  the 
fruits  of  a  life  that  has  led  most  melodious  days.  His 
contemporaries  are  all  gone,  but  his  eldest  son,  an  asso- 
ciate justice  of  the  Massachusetts  Supreme  Court,  is 
one  of  the  honored  judges  of  the  State.  Dr.  Holmes 
retired  from  general  practice  in  1849,  and  although 
holding  his  professorship  at  Har\ard  —  he  is  now  pro- 
fessor emeritus — he  has  of  late  years  devoted  himself 
wholly  to  the  pursuit  of  letters. 


214 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ASHUMAN,  one  of  Boston's  great  merchants,  was 
,  born  in  Prussia,  May  31,  1839,  and  came  to  this 
country  when  but  a  child.  The  family  settled  in  New- 
burg,  N.  Y.,  where  young  Shuman  worked  on  a  farm, 
when  not  at  school,  until  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age, 
when  he  went  into  a  clothing  store.  When  but  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  started  in  the  world  to  make  a  fortune, 
and  went  to  Providence,  R.  I.  Not  satisfied  with  the 
scope  afforded  him  in  that  city,  he  came  to  Roxbury. 
This  was  in  1859. 
He  at  once  began  a 
business  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Vernon  and 
Washington  streets. 
Mr.  Shuman,  though 
of  foreign  liirth,  is 
intensely  American, 
and  many  institu- 
tions are  remem- 
bered by  him  from 
time  to  time  i  n  a 
practical  manner. 
The  immense  estab- 
lishment at  the  cor- 
ner  of  Washington 
and  Summer  streets, 
denominated  the 
"  Shuman  Corner,"  is 
the  result  of  his 
business  energy.  It 
exhibits  an  achieve- 
ment of  no  ordinary 
merit  in  the  progress 
of  mer  c  a  n  til  e  im- 
prove  me  n  t .  The 
combined  space  o  f 
eight  floors  occupies 
an  area  of  over  two 
acres,  and  com])rises 
a  mammoth  empo- 
rium that  has  no  superior  in  New  England.  With  his 
employees  no  one  is  more  popular  than  Mr.  Shuman.  He 
has  arranged  a  system  of  purchasing  homes  for  them, 
and  no  employer  in  Boston  has  bought  so  many  homes 
for  his  help  as  he.  He  has  loaned  them  money, 
charging  no  interest,  and  allowing  them  to  pay  back 
in  small  instalments.  The  appreciation  of  his  many 
kindnesses  has  been  manifested  by  his  employees  again 
and  again  in  appropriate  testimonials.     As  he  has  con- 


A.    SHUMAN 


ducted  his  own  business  with  care,  prudence  and  integ- 
rity, so  has  he  conducted  all  offices  of  a  public  character 
which  have  been  thrust  upon  him  from  time  to  time. 
Mr.  Shuman  was  married,  Nov.  3,  1861,  to  Miss  Hetty 
Lang ;  they  have  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  The 
daughters  are :  Emma,  married  to  .August  Weil,  of 
Weil,  Haskell  &  Co.,  New  York ;  Bessie,  married  to 
Alexander  Steinert,  president  of  M.  Steinert  &  Sons' 
Pianoforte  Company;  Theresa  and  Lillian  (1.  Shuman. 

The    sons  are    Ed- 
win   A.    and    Sidney 
E.,  who  are    in    the 
firm  of  A.  Shuman  & 
Co.,  and  George  H. 
Shuman.     A   Boston 
journal  says    of   Mr. 
Shuman  ;    "  With  the 
pluck     that    has 
throughout  d  i  s  t  i  n  - 
guished    him,  a   few 
years  after  settling 
here   he    opened 
a    store,   which    has 
since    developed    t  o 
mammoth  p  r  o  p  o  r- 
tions  on  Washington 
Street,    but    he    has 
never   left   Roxbury. 
He    is  proud  of   his 
residence  there,  and 
delights  to  think  that 
he  has  done  much  to 
make  it    the    credit- 
able place  it  is  to-day. 
The    business  prem- 
ises   in    Boston    are 
most  colossal,  but  as 
large  as  they  are,  the 
firm  is  compelled  to 
hire  other  buildings 
in  the  vicinity  for  the   convenience   of  the  help.     Mr. 
Shuman  is  first  vice-president  of  the  Boston  Merchants' 
Association,  a  leading  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
of   the  Manufacturers  National  Bank,  and  is  president 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Boston's  great  City  Hospital. 
Few  public  occasions  of  importance   pass  without  the 
presence  of  Mr.  Shuman,  and  his  genial  bearing  makes 
him  iiHuh  sought  after  in  social  as  well  as  commercial 
circles.     He  is  essentially  a  self-made  man." 


BOSTON. 


215 


CHARLES  \\'Hri"rip;R,  manufacturer  of  elevators 
and  machinery,  and  inventor,  was  born  Nov.  26, 
1829,  in  Vienna,  Kennebec  County,  Me.     He  is  the  son 
of  John  Brodhead  and   Lucy  (Graham)  Whittier.     The 
first  of  his  ancestors  in  this  Country  was  Thomas  Whit- 
tier,  who  came  from  EngLand  in   1638,   at  the  age  of 
si.xteen,    in    the    ship    "  Confidence."     Mr.    Whittier's 
education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.,  where  he  entered  the  Washington  (Jrammar 
School    in    184 1,  the 
year  in  which  it  was 
dedicated.      At    the 
close  of   his   school- 
days he  was  appren- 
ticed for  three  years 
to  learn  the  machin- 
ist's   trade   with    the 
firm  of  Chubbuck  & 
Campbell,    Roxbury, 
of  which  the  present 
Whittier    Machine 
Company    is    the 
lineal  successor.    He 
has  thus  been  in  the 
same     business     for 
nearly     fifty    years. 
During   his    appren- 
ticeship   Mr.    Whit- 
tier attended  for  two 
years    the    drawing 
school  of  the  Lowell 
Institute,    and    be- 
came   not    only    a 
practical      mechanic 
but   an    experienced 
draughtsman.    Being 
made  superintendent 
of    the    business    in 
1859,  he  was  admit- 
ted to  partnership  iii 

the  firm,  which  was  then,  upon  the  retirement  of  Mr. 
Chubbuck,  changed  to  Campbell,  Whittier  &  Co.  In 
1874  the  business  was  incorporated  under  the  name  of 
the  Whittier  Machine  Company,  with  Mr.  Whittier  as 
president,  a  position  which  he  has  since  held.  The 
works,  for  many  years  in  Roxbury,  but  located  now 
mainlv  in  South  Boston,  comprise  a  very  large  and 
unusually  fine  plant  in  the  line  of  foundry  and  machine 
work,  especially  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  steam. 


CHARLES    WHiTTItR 


hydraulic  and  electric  passenger  and  freight  elevators. 
The  companv  is  one  of  the  principal  manufacturers  in 
.■\merica  of  electric  elevators,  which  represent  the  highest 
development  thus  far  attained  by  electrical  science  and 
mechanical  art  in  this  industry.  A  large  number  of 
improvements,  increasing  the  safety,  speed  and  comfort 
realized  in  the  use  of  elevators,  have  been  introduced  by 
the  \\'hittier  Machine  Company.  These  improvements 
are  protected  by  numerous  patents,  many  of  which  are 

Mr.    Whittier's    own 
inventions.     The 
company  has  always 
encouraged     legisla- 
tion calculated  to  se- 
cure the  compulsory 
adoption  of   all  rea- 
sonable     safeguards 
for  the  protection  of 
life  and  limb  in  the 
use  of  elevators,  in- 
cluding   a   rigid  sys- 
tem    of     inspection. 
Mr.  Whittier  has  al- 
ways been  identified 
with  the  Republican 
party.      In    1884  he 
was    elected    to    the 
State    Senate,    where 
he  served  one  term. 
For   many   years  he 
has    been   an   active 
member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Charitable 
Mechanic      Associa- 
tion.    He   is  one  of 
the    two    vice-presi- 
dents  of    the    Eliot 
Five    Cents    Savings 
Bank,  Roxbury,  and 
is  a    member  of  the 
t:xecuti\e  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Tufts 
College.     For  nearly  forty  years  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  Universalist  Society  of  Roxbury.     His 
lone  career  as  a  .shrewd,  honorable  and  successful  busi- 
ness man,  and  as  an  in\entor,  (jualifies  him  to  stand  as  a 
truly  representative   man  of   the  Commonwealth.     Mr. 
Whittier  was  married  in  Roxbury,  June  7,  1855,  to  Eliza 
Isabel,  eldest  daughter  of  Benjamin  F.  and  Eliza  ( Ever- 
ett) Campbell.     They  have  no  children. 


2l6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HOSEA  KINGMAN,  lawyer,  mason,  and  veteran  of 
the  Civil  War,  is  one  of  the  representative  men  of 
Massachusetts.     He  was  born  in  Bridgewater,  Plymouth 
County,  Mass.,  April  ii,  1843,  the  son  of  Philip  D.  and 
Betsey  (Washburn)  Kingman.     In  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  place  he  gained  his  early  education,  and  then 
went  to  the  Bridgewater  Academy,  a  famous  institution, 
which   is  the  alma  mater  of  many   distinguished  men. 
Mr.  Kingman  also  attended  the  Ap])leton  Academy,  at 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H. 
He    then   entered 
Dartmouth    College, 
at  Hanover,   N.    H., 
but  the  breaking  out 
of   the   war  inter- 
rupted  his  studies 
here,  and  he  enlisted 
in  Company  K, Third 
Regiment,  Massachu- 
setts Volunteers,  and 
was    mustered     into 
service    Sept.    22, 
1862.    In  that  month 
Mr.  Kingman  accom- 
panied his  regiment 
to    Newbern,  N.   C, 
where    he    remained 
until   December, 
when  he  was  detailed 
to  duty  in  the  signal 
service,  and  was  sent 
to  Port  Royal,  S.  C. 
Later  he  was  detailed 
t  o    Folly    Island, 
Charleston     Harbor, 
and  on  June  22,  1863, 
he  was  mustered  out 
of  the  service.     After 
having    thus    served 
nearly  one  year  with 

distinction  he  returned  to  college,  where  he  was  able  to 
make  up  his  junior  year  work  in  his  senior  year,  and  so 
was  graduated  with  his  class  in  1864.  Mr.  Kiiigman 
then  took  up  the  study  of  the  law,  and  his  training  in 
this  department  of  his  life's  work  was  gained  in  the 
ofifice  of  William  Latham,  with  whom,  after  his  admis- 
sion to  the  bar,  he  went  into  partnership,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Latham  &  Kingman.  In  187 1  Mr.  Latham 
retired,  and  Mr.  Kingman  continued  the  business  and  is 


HOSEA    KINGMAN 


still  in  ])ractice.  As  a  public  man  Mr.  Kingman  has 
served  in  the  positions  of  district  attorney  of  Plymouth 
County  and  as  commissioner  of  insolvency  of  that 
county.  He  was  elected  to  the  latter  position  in  1884, 
and  was  re-elected  each  year  until  1887,  when  he  was 
elected  district  attorney.  He  also  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  special  justice  of  the  first  district  court  of 
Plymouth  County,  Nov.  12,  1878.  He  resigned  his 
office  as  district  attorney  to  become  a  member  of  the 

Metropolitan  Sewer- 
age Commission,    of 
which   board    he    is 
now  chairman.     Mr. 
Kingman  is  an  inter- 
ested student  of  local 
history,     and    is    a 
trustee   of    the    Ply- 
mouth   County    Pil- 
grim Historical  Soci- 
ety, an   organization 
which  has  done  much 
for   the  enlargement 
of  historical  research 
in  the   line  of   early 
Plymouth    events. 
Mr.  Kingman  is  also 
atrustee  of   the 
Bridgewater   Acad- 
emy,   and    takes    an 
active  interest  in  ed- 
ucational matters  at 
home     and    abroad. 
He  has  likewise  been 
for  some  time  a  trus- 
tee of  the  Bridgewater 
Savings    Bank.      He 
is  also  prominent  in 
the    ranks    of     Free 
Masonry.      June   23, 
1866,  he  was  married 
to    Carrie,    the    daughter   of    Hezekiah   and    Deborah 
(Freeman)  Cole,  at  Carver,  Mass.     This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  but  one  child  :  Agnes  C.  Kingman.     Mr. 
Kingman's  home  is  in  Bridgwater,  where  he  was  born 
and  has  lived  nearly  all  his  life,  and  where  he  is  respected 
by  all.     His  responsible  and  exacting  duties  as  chairman 
of   the    Metropolitan  Sewerage  Commission   occupy   at 
present  nearly  the  whole  of  his  time  and  energies,  and 
he  fills  that  office  with  great  credit. 


BOSTON. 


217 


INVENTIVE  genius  and  talent  for  business  are  seldom 
united  in  one  man,  and  when  these  qualities  meet, 
as  in  Solomon  Adams  Woods,  a  successful  life  results. 
He  is  a  native  of  Farmington,  Me.,  where  he  was  born, 
Oct.    7,    1827,    the    son    of    Nathaniel    and    Hannah 
(Adams)  Woods.     His  ancestors  went  from  Massachu- 
setts to  Farmington,  where  his  paternal  grandfather  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers,  and   where    his   father   became 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  town.     Mr.  Woods  was 
brought    up    on    the 
farm,   getting    his 
schooling  winters  at 
the    district    school, 
and    later    at    the 
Farmington    Acad- 
emy.    Having  a  me- 
chanical    bent    of 
mind,  at  the  age  of 
twenty   years  he 
learned    the  carpen- 
ter's trade,  which  he 
intended    to   follow. 
Four    years    later, 
however,  he  planned, 
with    his    employer, 
the  erection  of   a 
sash,  door  and  blind 
factory   in    Farming- 
ton,    and     came    to 
Massachusetts 
to  purchase   the  ne- 
cessary    machinery. 
That  was  the  turning 
point    in   his  career. 
Instead  of  returning 
to  Maine,  he  engaged 
as  a  journeyman   in 
the  same  business,  in 
Boston,  with  Solomon 
S.   Gray.     Within    a 

year  Mr.  Woods  had  bought  out  his  employer,  and  on 
Jan.  I,  1852,  went  into  the  business  of  manufacturing 
sashes,  doors  and  blinds  on  his  own  account.  Two 
years  later  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  Gray, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Gray  &  Woods,  for  the  manu- 
facture and  sale  of  a  wood-planing  machine,  originally 
invented  by  Mr.  Gray,  but  rendered  much  more  jirac- 
tical  by  Mr.  Woods's  improvements.  The  partnership 
lasted    seven   years.     In    1865    Mr.  Woods's    business, 


SOLOMON    A.     WOODS. 


which  had  grown  to  large  proportions,  was  still  further 
extended  by  the  manufacture  of  the  improved  Wood- 
bury planer.  To  meet  the  increasing  demands  of  his 
business,  Mr.  Woods  erected  a  manufactory  in  South 
Boston,  and  branch  houses  were  established  in  New 
York  and  Chicago.  In  1873  the  S.  A.  W^oods  Machine 
Company  was  incorporated,  with  a  capital  of.  $300,000, 
and  with  Mr.  Woods  as  president,  an  office  he  still 
holds.     To  the  successive  firms  of  Gray  &  Woods,  S.  A. 

Woods  and  the  S.  A. 
Woods  Machine 
Company,  more  than 
fifty  patents  for  de- 
vices and  improve- 
ments in  machines 
for  planing  wood 
and  making  mould- 
ings have  been  is- 
sued, and  from  the 
Massachusetts  Char- 
itable Mechanic  As- 
sociation and  other 
institutions  they 
have  received  nearly 
a  hundred  medals. 
Mr.  Woods  has  been 
a  member  of  the 
Boston  Common 
Council,  a  director 
of  the  East  Boston 
ferries,  and  since 
1870  a  trustee  of  the 
South  Boston  Sav- 
ings Bank,  of  whose 
Board  of  Investment 
he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber for  many  years. 
In  1878  he  declined 
a  nomination  for  the 
Board  of  Aldermen, 
by  both  parties.  Mr. 
to    Miss   Sarah    Eliza- 


unanimously  urged  upon  him 
Woods  was  married,  in  1S54, 
beth  Weathern,  of  Vienna,  Me.,  who  died  in  1862. 
Five  years  later  he  married  Miss  Sarah  Catharine 
Watts,  of  Boston.  He  has  three  children  :  Frank  Forrest 
(on  whom  he  depends  chiefly  for  the  present  and  future 
management  of  the  business,  and  who  holds  the  position 
of  vice-president  and  general  manager),  Florence  and 
Frederick  Adams  Woods. 


2l8 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AS  an   example  of   a  self-made   man,   one  who  has  Squire  bought  a  tract  of  land  in  East  Cambridge,  upon 

earned  his  right  to  the  title  rather  by  the  success  which  he  built  a  packing  house.     The  plant  was  enlarged 

of  perseverance  and  untiring  industry  than  by  any  turn  from  time  to  time  to  meet  the  demands  of  a  growing 

of    fortune's    wheel,    John    P.    Squire,    the    Cambridge  business    until,   in    1881,   a  great  refrigerator  of  thirty 

packer,  holds  high  place.     From   a  poor  farmer's  boy,  thousand  tons'  capacity  was  built,  with  a  cooling  area 

whose  first  business  experience  was  that  of  a  clerk  in  of  three  acres.     \\'hen   this  and  other   buildings    were 

a  village  store  in  rural  Vermont,  to  the  head  of  the  third  destroyed  by  fire  in   1891,  a  new  refrigerator,  with  the 

largest  pork-packing  establishment  in  the  United  States,  De    La   Vergne    system    of   artificial   refrigeration,  was 

is  a  record  of  which  any  one  might  feel  proud      John  built,  having  six  acres  of  cooling  space,  and  a  capacity 


P.   Squire    was  born 

in  Weathersfield,  Vt., 

May    8,    1819.      His 

boyhood   years  were 

spent    on    the    farm 

and     attending    the 

short    terms    of    the 

public     schools.     At 

the  age  of  sixteen  he 

entered    the   employ 

of  Mr.  Orvis,  the  vil- 
lage   storekeeper   at 

West  Windsor,  where 

he    stayed    for    two 

years,    or     until     he 

earned    s  u  fifi  c  i  e  n  t 

money  to  enable  him 

to  attend  the  acad- 
emy at  Unity,  N.  H. 
Subs equently  he 
taught  night  school 
at    Cavendish.     In 

1838  he  came  to 
Boston  and  became 
a  clerk  in  the  stall 
of  Nathan  Robbins, 
in  Faneuil  Hall  Mar- 
ket. He  went  into 
business  for  himself 
in  1842,  with  Francis 
Russell  as  partner,  at 

No.  25  Faneuil  Hall  Market.  His  success  from  this 
on  was  marked.  In  1847  the  partnership  was  dissolved, 
and  for  eight  years  he  carried  on  the  business  alone. 
In  1855  he  again  formed  a  partnership.  Since  then 
there  have  been  se\eral  changes  in  the  firm,  but  Mr. 
Squire  always  remained  at  its  head.  The  business  is 
now  carried  on  under  the  name  of  John  P.  Squire  &  Co. 
Corporation,  of  which  Mr.  Squire  and  two  of  his  sons, 
Frank  O.  and  Fred.  F.,  are  the  members.     In  1885  IMr. 


(V-«!j 


for  hanging  ten  thou- 
sand hogs,  and  the 
killing  of  five  thou- 
sand per  day.  The 
magnitude  of  the  bus- 
iness may  be  sug- 
gested by  the  state- 
ment that  over  eight 
hundred  thousand 
hogs  are  slaughtered 
annually,  one  thou- 
r!?!         .T^  sand    men    are    era- 

ployed    at    a   yearly 
4fe,  '-  expense    of    seven 

hundred    thousand 

dollars,   and    the 

freight   bills   for  live 

hogs  amount  to  seven 

hundred   thousand 

dollars  a  year.     Mr. 

■':  Squire    married    the 

f:  daughter  of  his  first 

employer,  Miss  Kate 

Green  On-is,  in  1843, 

'  and  eleven  children 

blessed     the    union, 

nine    of    wliom    are 

now  li\  ing.    On  April 

JOHN    P.   SQUIRE.  30,  1892,  Mr.  Squire 

celebrated  the  golden 
jubilee  of  his  en- 
trance into  business  by  a  grand  reception  at  the  estab- 
lishment in  East  Cambridge,  and  several  thousand 
friends  accepted  the  opportunity  to  tender  him  their 
congratulations.  Mr.  Squire  joined  the  Mercantile 
Library  Association  when  he  first  came  to  Boston,  and 
s])ent  a  great  deal  of  his  time  in  reading,  of  which  he 
was  very  fond.  The  position  which  he  attained  in  com- 
mercial circles  was  due  to  his  own  efforts.  His  resi- 
dence is  in  .\rlington. 


BOSTON. 


219 


WILT  JAM  F.  SAWYER,  president  of  the  Massachu- 
setts College  of  Pharmacy,  was  born  Oct.  30, 1 847, 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  being  the  son  of  Seth  and  Susan 
Pnulence    ( Frost)   Sawyer.     His  great-grandfather  Pol- 
lard was  the  first  private  to  fall  in    the  battle  of  Hunker 
Hill.     Mr.  Sawyer's  education  was  gained  in  the  public 
schools  of  Charlestown,  and   he    attended  for  a  time  the 
academy  at  Manchester,  N.  H.     When  seventeen  years 
of  age,  he  entered  a  drug  store  as  apprentice,  and  spent 
several    years    in 
learning  the  business. 
He  worked  in  many 
d  i  f  f  e  r  e  n  t      stores 
ill    Charlestown    and 
Cambridge,    thereby 
accpiiring  a  varied 
knowledge,  which  in 
those  days    was    ne- 
cessary in    order   to 
become  a  reliable 
and    thorough    drug- 
gist.   He  finished  his 
course  as  drug  clerk 
in    Morse's  store,    at 
Charles  tow  n.    I  n 
these    several   places 
he  had  gained  a  wide 
and  eminently  prac- 
tical   knowledge    o  f 
the  retail  drug  busi- 
ness,   and    in    1870 
he   decided    to    go 
into  the    trade   for 
himself.     His    fi  r  s  t 
venture  was  at  Athol, 
Mass.,  where  he  con- 
ducted  a  drug  store 
four   years  with  sucli 
success    as    ensured 
his  skill  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  business,  and   gave  him  confidence  to  begin 
business  in    Boston.     In   1874,  therefore,  he   purchased 
the  store  at    No.    1152    'I'remont  Street,  established    in 
1849,  and   has  done  business   there   from   that   date  to 
this.     Mr.  Sawyer  has  always  taken  a  deep  and  active 
interest  in    pharmaceutical    matters,  and   in   the  several 
associations  of  the  druggists  has  been  an  active  member. 
He  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Executive  Committee 
and  of    the  Legislative  Committee  of    the    State   Phar- 


WILLIAM    F.    SAWYER. 


maceutical  Association,  and  a  member  of  the  Boston 
Druggists'  Association,  the  American  Pharmaceutical 
Association,  and  of  the  Druggists'  Alliance.  Mr.  Sawyer 
was  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  State  to  call  the  atten- 
tion of  druggists  to  the  fact  that  Massachusetts  had  no 
suitable  building  for  the  teaching  of  pharmacy.  The 
handsome  new  Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  at 
the  corner  of  St.  Botolph  and  Garrison  streets  in  Boston, 
is  the  result  of  the  labors   of   Mr.  Sawyer  and  of  othesr. 

This  is   the  first  and 
only   college  of   its 
kind  in  the  State.    It 
was  started   in   1868 
in  a  room  on  Boylston 
Street.     It  was   next 
found  in  the  old  Hol- 
lis  Street   school- 
house,    and   later   in 
the  Franklin  school- 
house.    It  had  at  this 
time    some    seven 
thousand  dollars,  and 
through  the  efforts  of 
trustees,  one  of  whom 
was    Mr.    S  a  \\'  y  e  r  , 
money    enough    was 
raised   to  ensure   the 
building  of  the  pres- 
ent   structure.      The 
institution    to-day 
has  control  of  about 
one    hundred    and 
twenty  thousanti  dol- 
lars'   worth  of    prop- 
erty.    Mr.  Sawyer  is 
connected    "with    a 
number  of  charitable 
organizations,  and  is 
also    president   and 
director   of   several 
business  corjjorations.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic 
Order,  the  Odd  Fellows,  Royal  Arcanum,  Ancient  Order 
of  United  Workmen,  and    Home  Circle.      On  Nov.  23, 
1870,  at  Royalston,  Mass.,  Mr.  Sawyer  was  married    to 
Eunice    Helen     Bryant.     Their    one    child    is    William 
Prince  Sawyer.     Popular  among  his  fellow-druggists  of 
the  best  stamp,  Mr.  Sawyer    is  honored  by  them  as  a 
man  who,  among    other  things,    helped    to    make  the 
College  of  Pharmacy  possible. 


220 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FEW  among  the  younger  generation  of  Boston  lawyers 
are  better  known  than  George  Robinson  Swasey. 
Though  less  than  forty  years  old,  he  has  already  estab- 
lished  an   enviable    reputation    as  one  of   the  foremost 
pleaders  at  the  New  England  bar.     Of  sturdy  New  Eng- 
land stock,  he  has  fought  his  way  in  his  profession  until 
he  stands  to-day  in  the  foremost  rank,  and  his  opinion 
is  sought  not  alone  by  lay  clients  but  by  his  most  suc- 
cessful legal  brethren.    His  father  was  Horatio  J.  Swasey, 
and  his  mother  Har- 
riet   (Higgins)   Swa- 
sey.     Mr.    Swasey 
was  born  at  Standish, 
Me.,    Jan.    8,    1854. 
He  fitted  for  college 
at   Westbrook  Semi- 
nary    and     Gorham 
Academy,  and  subse- 
quently entered  Bow- 
doin    College,    from 
which   he    graduated 
in  the  class  of  1875. 
He    then   began  the 
study  of  law  with  his 
father,  Hon.  Horatio 
J.  Swasey,    at    Stan- 
dish,    Me.,  where  he 
remained    for    two 
years.     In  the  fall  of 
1877  he  entered  the 
Law  School  of   Bos- 
ton  University,    and 
less    than    one   year 
later,  in  June,  1878, 
he  graduated  at  the 
head   of    a   class    of 
fifty-two       members, 
many  of  whom  have 
since  won  high  rank 
at  the  bar  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  other  States.     In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
Mr.  Swasey  was  appointed  a  tutor  in  the  law  school,  a 
position  which  he  held  until  the  fall  of  1882,  when  he 
resigned.     In  April,  1878,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
his  native  State,  and  in  February,  1879,  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts bar.     He  at   once  began  the  practice  of   law 
with  his  brother,  Horatio  E.  Swasey  (who  died  in  1889), 
vmder  the  name  of  Swasey  &  Swasey,  and  they  ([uickly 
built  up  an  extensive  business.     In  the  spring  of  1883 


GEORGE    R.   SWASEY 


Mr.  Swasey  was  appointed  acting  dean  of  the  Boston 
Uni\ersity  Law  School,  during  the  absence  of  the  dean 
in  Europe,  and  was  at  the  same  time  appointed  a  lec- 
turer in  the  school,  a  position  which  he  still  holds.  In 
1886  he  was  nominated  for  the  School  Board  of  the 
city  of  Boston,  on  the  Democratic  and  Republican 
tickets,  and  elected.  He  was  re-elected  in  the  years 
1887,  1888  and  1889,  and  while  a  member  of  the  board 
did  good  work  on  behalf  of  education.     He  was  chair- 

m  an  of  the    Com- 
mittee on  Accounts 
and  Evening  Schools. 
Throughout  the  pro- 
longed     controversy 
which   took  place    a 
few  years  since  as  to 
the  use  of  particular 
text-books    in    the 
schools,     he    was    a 
firm   a  d  V  o  c  a  te    of 
text- books    which 
should  be  just  to  all, 
and  insisted  that   in 
matters     of     educa- 
tion   no    class    or 
creed  should  be  un- 
fairly   treated.      Mr. 
Swasey    has     done 
considerable    legal 
writing,    having 
compiled     several 
treatises,     and    h  a  s 
assisted  in  the  prep- 
aration  of    two   edi- 
tions of   "  Benjamin 
on  Sales."     He  is  at 
present  chairman  of 
the  Board  of  Appeals 
of   the    city  of    Bos- 
ton.    Without  taking 
a  prominent  part  in  politics,  by  the  force  of  his  charac- 
ter and  popularity,  he  is  a  considerable  factor  in  the 
public  life  of  his  city  and  State.     It  has  been  given  to 
few  men  to  attain  so  early  in  life  such  an  enviable  posi- 
tion at  the  bar,  and  so  much  prominence  as  an  authority 
on   educational   matters,   as  has   been   gained  by  Mr. 
Swasey.     In  the  opinion  of  his  friends  and  admirers  he 
is  only  on  the  threshold  of  a  career  that  is  leading  him 
to  still  greater  success. 


BOSTON. 


221 


M' 


ICHAEL  JOSEPH  McETTRICK,  congressman 
elect  from  the  Tenth  Massachusetts  District,  the 
son  of  Matthew  and  Mary  (McDonough)  McEttrick,  was 
born  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  June  26,  1846.  At  the  age  of 
eleven  years  he  graduated,  at  the  head  of  his  class,  of 
which  he  was  the  youngest  member,  from  the  Washington 
Grammar  School.  He  then  attended  the  famous  Rox- 
bury Latin  School,  and  after  graduating  there,  he  entered 
the  ofifice  of  City  Engineer  Charles  Whitney,  of  Roxbury, 
to  acquire  a  knowl- 
edge of  civil  engi- 
neering. This  pro- 
fession he  was 
afterwards  compelled 
to  abandon  owing  to 
an  injury  sustained 
to  his  eyes.  During 
the  last  year  of  the 
Civil  War,  he  en- 
listed in  the  regular 
army,  receiving  his 
discharge  in  1865. 
He  was  assistant 
assessor  of  the  city  of 
Boston  in  1884,  and 
in  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  was  elected  by 
the  Democrats  of  his 
district  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts House  of 
Representatives. 
Seven  times  in  suc- 
cession  he  was 
elected,  rec  e  iv  ing 
each  year  an  in- 
creased majority.  In 
the  House  he  served 
on  many  of  the  most 
important  commit- 
tees, such  as  finance, 

child  labor,  education,  roads  and  bridges,  liquor  law, 
constitutional  amendments,  woman  suffrage,  expendi- 
tures and  municipal  charters.  He  quickly  rose  to  a 
position  of  power  and  commanding  influence  on  the 
floor  of  the  House,  being  chairman  of  the  Democratic 
members  and  their  acknowledged  leader.  His  brilliant 
minority  reports  as  member  of  the  Education  Commit- 
tees of  1888  and  1889  advocated  in  a  masterly  way  the 
principle,  since  endorsed  by  the  Legislature,  concerning 


MICHAEL  J.    McETTRICK, 


the  right  of  the  State  to  interfere  in  the  management  of 
private  schools.  Mr.  McEttrick  holds  that,  as  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  guarantees  freedom  of  con- 
science and  freedom  of  worship  to  every  American 
citizen,  it  guarantees  with  equal  right,  freedom  of  educa- 
tion. In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  there  on  the  committees  on  election  laws, 
woman  suffrage,  and  administrative  boards  and  commis- 
sions.    As  the  author  and  promoter  of  measures  in  the 

interest  of  humanity, 
and  advocate  of  legis- 
lation for  the  pro- 
tection of  factory 
women  and  children, 
he  is  recognized 
throughout  the  Com- 
monwealth as  first 
and  foremost.  His 
entire  career  has 
been  stamped  with 
integrity  and  s  i  n  - 
cerity.  Hence  h  i  s 
phenomenal  popular- 
ity, and  his  election 
to  Congress  in  1892 
as  an  independent 
Democrat  from  the 
Tenth  Massachusetts 
District  over  three 
strong  rival  candi- 
dates, and  after  a 
campaign  that  for 
enthusiasm  and  in- 
terest has  never  had 
its    parallel    in    this 

State.   It  is  -expected 

that  Mr.  McEttrick's 
broad  grasp  of  legis- 
1  ati  V  e  matters,  his 
earnestness  and  his 
eloquence,  will  make  him  a  power  in  the  Fifty-third 
Congress.  His  symmetrical  and  splendid  physique  is 
partially  due  to  his  taste  for  athletics  which  he  devel- 
oped early  in  life.  By  the  time  he  had  reached  his 
majority  he  had  won  a  national  reputation  for  his  powers 
of  strength,  activity  and  endurance,  and  a  record  for 
wrestling,  leaping  and  pedestrianism  which  for  a  long 
time  remained  unbroken.  He  won  the  long  distance 
walking  championship  of  America  in  1869. 


222 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HENRY    LILLIE    PIERCE  was  born  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  Aug.   23,   1825.     He   is  a  descendant    of 
John  Pierce,  who  came  to  this  country  from  England  in 
1637,  and  was  admitted  a  freeman  of  Watertown  in  the 
following  year.     His  father,  Colonel  Jesse  Pierce,  was  a 
man  of  considerable  distinction  as  a  teacher,  a  member 
of  the  General   Court  and  a  pioneer  in  the  anti-slavery 
movement.     His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Captain 
John  Lillie,  a  gallant  officer  in  the  War  of  the  Revolu- 
tion.    Mr.  Pierce  re- 
ceived a  good  Eng- 
lish education  at  the 
public  school    in  his 
native    town,   at   the 
academy    in    Milton, 
and    also   at    the 
academy    and    State 
Normal     School     at 
Bridgewater.     In 
1850  he  became  con- 
nected   with     the 
chocolate     manufac 
tory  of  Walter  Baker 
&    Co.     Four    years 
later  he  took  charge 
of    the    entire    busi- 
ness, and    from  that 
time  to  the  present 
has    been    the    sole 
manager.     He  began 
to   take    an    interest 
in    public    questions 
while  still  a   school- 
boy, and  was  one  of 
the  earliest  and  most 
zealous  promoters  of 
the  movement  which 
led   to  the  organiza- 
tion of  the   Republi- 
can     party.      He 

served  as  the  representative  from  Dorchester  in  the 
General  Court  during  the  sessions  of  i860,  1861,  1862 
and  1866,  and  was  the  author  of  a  luimber  of  important 
legislative  measures.  On  the  annexation  of  Dorchester 
to  Boston,  in  1869,  he  was  elected  for  the  two  years  fol- 
lowing to  the  Board  of  Aldermen.  In  1872  he  was 
elected  mayor  of  Boston,  being  the  choice  of  the  citi- 
zens, without  regard  to  party,  .^gainst  very  strong 
opposition  he   reorganized   the  health  and  fire  depart- 


HENRY    L    PIERCE 


ments,  and  freed  them  from  the  personal  and  partisan 
influences  to  which  they  had  been  subject.     Before  the 
expiration  of  his  term  he  received  the  Republican  nom- 
ination for  representative  to  Congress,  and  was  elected 
by  a  nearly  unanimous  vote.     During  his  service  of  four 
years  as  the  representative  of  the  third  district,  he  took 
an  active  part  in  committee  work  and  made  a  number 
of    important  speeches  on  the   floor  of   the    House,  — 
opposing  the  Force  Bill,  so  called,  favoring  an  amend- 
ment to  the  Consti- 
tution,   limiting    the 
term  of  office  of  the 
President,      favoring 
reciprocity  with 
Canada,  defining  the 
proper      distribution 
of  the  Geneva  Award 
and    opposing    the 
counting  of  the  elec- 
toral vote   sent  from 
Louisiana    in     1876. 

'S/mBEm       '■  1  ^^'^^     again     elected 

mayor  of  Boston  and 
served  one  term. 
The  most  important 
act  of  his  adminis- 
tration was  the  reor- 
ganization of  the 
police  department. 
Although  he  has  not 
held  any  public  office 
since  then,  he  has 
continued  to  take  an 
active  interest  in  pub- 
lic affairs,  and  has 
been  called  u  p  o  n 
many  times  to  speak 
on  political,  edu- 
cational and  eco- 
nomical questions.  He  found  himself  unable  to  sup- 
port the  Republican  nominee  for  the  presidency  in 
1884,  and  has  since  Ijeen  numbered  among  the  inde- 
pendents in  politics.  For  some  years  he  has  been  pres- 
ident of  the  New  England  Tariff  Reform  League,  and 
his  name  is  also  prominently  identified  with  the  reform 
of  the  ci\il  service  and  of  the  ballot.  He  has  travelled 
extensively  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  and  has  thus 
added  to  his  wide  and  varied  c  ulture. 


BOSTON. 


223 


THE    improved    methods  of    heating   buildings    by 
steam,  and  of  ventilating  them  by  "fan  blowers," 
now  so  extensively  used  throughout  the  United  States, 
owe   their  origin  and    much    of    their  development  to 
James  J.  Walworth.     He  was  born,  Nov.  18,   1808,  in 
Canaan,  N.  H.,  the  son  of  George  and  Philura  (Jones) 
Walworth,  and   is  in  direct  descent  from    Sir  William 
Walworth,  who  was  lord  mayor  of  London  at   the  time 
of  the  Wat  Tyler  rebellion,  in  1381.     .Mr.  Walworth  was 
educated    in   the 
public  schools  of  his 
native   town,  and   in 
the    Thetford     (Vt.) 
a  n  tl       Salisbury 
(N.  H.)    academies. 
He    taught    school 
three  winters,  and  at 
the    age    of    twenty 
came    on    foot    to 
Boston.      For    ten 
years  he  was  engaged 
in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness,   and     in    1841, 
with    his   brother-in- 
law,    Joseph    Nason, 
under  the  firm  name 
of    Walworth    & 
Nason,      established 
the  business  of  steam 
and  hot-water  warm- 
ing   and    ventilating 
buildings     by     radi- 
cally   new    methods. 
Beginning    in     New 
York,     and     a     year 
later  starting  a  plant 
in    Boston,    the    two 
concerns  have   been 
continued,   though 
with    some   changes, 

until  the  present  day.  In  1844  Mr.  Nason  conceived 
the  idea  of  using  small  wrought-iron  tubes  for  steam 
warming.  This  was  entirely  different  from  anything 
previously  attempted.  The  construction  of  apparatus 
for  warming  buildings,  especially  manufactories,  was 
immediately  begun  and  rapidly  extended,  soon  becom- 
ing the  type  of  steam  warming  in  large  structures,  to 
the  exclusion  of  all  other  methods.  Immediatelv  fol- 
lowing this  came  a  new  svsteni  of  ventilation  bv  the  use 


JAMES   J.    WALWORTH. 


of  the  "  fan  blower,"  propelled  by  steam  power,  which 
is  now  recognized  as  the  most  effective  and  economic 
method,  especially  in  hospitals,  churches,  theatres,  halls, 
etc.  This  system  was  first  introduced  by  Walworth  & 
Nason  in  1846,  and  in  that  year  was  applied  to  the 
Custom  House  in  Boston,  and  since  then  to  numerous 
public  buildings  in  nearly  every  State  in  the  Union. 
Several  of  the  State  capitols  have  been  warmed  and 
ventilated  ujion   this  principle.     Though  Mr.  Walworth 

has  been  the  business 
head  of  the  concern, 
yet,    as    engineer   in 
steam-heating     and 
ventilating,    he    has 
designed    and    exe- 
cuted   many    impor- 
tant works.     In  1852 
the  firm  of  Walworth 
&    Nason    was    dis- 
solved,   Mr.    Wal- 
worth     continuing 
business    alone,    and 
later      admitting 
Marshall  S.  Scudder 
and    C.    Clark    Wal- 
worth    as     partners. 
In    1872    the    Wal- 
worth Manufacturing 
Company  was  organ- 
ized, with  a  paid-up 
capital  of   $400,000, 
and    with    Mr.   Wal- 
worth   as    president, 
a  position   which  he 
retained    until    his 
resignation  in    1890. 
The    company  owns 
an  extensive  plant  at 
South    Boston,    em- 
ploying   here    and 
elsewhere    upwards    of   eight    hundred   workmen.     Mr. 
\N  alworth  is  president  of  many  other  large  business  cor- 
porations.       He    was  one    of   the    founders   of   Lasell 
Seminary.     In   1870  and   1871  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature.     He  has  been  twice  married. 
His   first   wife   was   Elizabeth   Chickering  Nason.     His 
present  wife  was  Mrs.  Lydia  Sawyer.     He  has  one  son, 
who   is   president    of   the  Walworth    Construction    and 
Supply  Company. 


224 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  the  fruit  trade,  as  in  every  other  branch  of  com- 
merce, the  tendency  toward  consolidation  is  plainly 
evident.  The  fruit  trade  of  Boston  has  not  only  grown 
to  far  \  aster  proportions  in  the  last  ten  years,  but  it  is 
managed  on  entirely  different  lines,  and  what  were  for- 
merly separate,  and  often  antagonistic,  interests  are  now 
all  harmoniously  combined  under  one  management. 
The  Boston  Fruit  Company  is  the  only  concern  in  the 
country  which  owns  its  own  plantations,  —  they  are  situ- 
ated in  Jamaica,  and 
contain  about  thirty- 
seven  thousand  acres  

in  all,  —  imports  its 
own  products  in  its 
own  line  of  steamers, 
and  deals  direct  with 
both  the  retailer  and 
jobber.  It  is  a  stu- 
pendous business 
which  has  grown  up 
within  a  very  few 
years  and  has  com- 
l)letely  revolution- 
ized the  system  of 
handling  fruit.  Five 
steamers  are  kejJt 
busy  bringing  the 
products  of  the  com- 
pany from  Jamaica 
to  Boston.  The  man- 
ager of  the  Boston 
Fruit  Company  is 
Andrew  Woodb  u  r  y 
Preston,  one  of  Bos- 
ton's successful  men 
of  affairs.  He  was 
born  June  29, 1846,  at 
Beverly  Farms, Mass., 
the  son  of  Benjamin 
and    Sarah    Preston. 

He  is  of  old  New  England  stock,  being  descended  from 
one  of  three  brothers  who  came  from  England  and  settled 
in  Massachusetts  early  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Mr. 
Preston  attended  the  grammar  school  in  Beverly  until 
he  was  sixteen  years  old.  Three  years  of  farm  life  fol- 
lowed, after  which  he  went  into  the  shoe  manufacturing 
business  and  remained  in  it  until  his  health  failed.  In 
September,  1867,  he  came  to  Boston  and  went  to  work 
for  Charles  Kimball  &  Co.,  produce  merchants,  being 


ANDREW   W.    PRESTON 


their  buyer  in  Maine  the  following  year.  In  1869  he 
became  connected  with  Seaverns  &  Co.,  fruit  and  prod- 
uce dealers,  continuing  with  this  firm  until   1888.     In 

1885  he  became  interested  in  an  association  of  mer- 
chants, formed  for  the  purpose  of  buying  fruit  in  the 
West  Indies.  Out  of  this  association  grew  the  Boston 
Fruit  Company,  which  was  organized  in  1888  and  in- 
corporated in  1890.     During  the  winters  of  1885  and 

1886  Mr.  Preston  was  in  New  Orleans,  representing  the 

interests    of    Boston 
fruit  merchants.     In 
the   winter   of    1887 
he    visited    Jamaica 
with     parties    inter- 
ested, and  assisted  in 
the    organization    of 
the    Boston  Fruit 
Company.     In  1888 
he  was  made  its  as- 
sistant general  man- 
ager, and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  became 
general  manager. 
He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber   of    the    Boston 
Fruit    and    Produce 
Exchange  and  of  the 
Chamber    of     Com- 
merce ;  is  a  director 
in  the  Traders    Na- 
tional   Bank,   and 
president    of    the 
Simpson   Spring 
Company,    of   South 
Easton,    Mass.     He 
has  also  been  inter- 
ested in  the  teaming 
business  since  1874, 
being    a    partner   m 
the    firm    of    M.    D. 
Cressy  &  Co.,  which  owns  about  fifty  teams.     Mr.  Pres- 
ton is  a  member  of  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  is 
a  Freemason  of  the  thirty-second  degree  and  a  prom- 
inent Knight  Templar.     For  two  years  he  was  secretary 
of  the  Boston  Marketmen's  Republican  Club,  one  of  the 
vigorous   political  organizations  of   the  city.     In   1869 
he  married  Miss  Fanny  Gutterson,  of  Brookline.     They 
have  one  child  living,  —  a  daughter.     Mr.  Preston  resides 
in  a  beautiful  home  in  Brookline. 


BOSTON. 


?2S 


JAMES  WEMYSS,  JR.,  prominently  known  through 
his  connection  with  the  Iiritish  American  and 
other  societies  and  as  a  business  man,  is  a  Scotchman 
by  birth,  and  came  to  the  United  States  early  in  life  to 
seek  his  fortune.  He  has  found  it,  but  not  without  a 
struggle.  From  the  bench  to  the  head  of  a  furniture 
firm,  doing  a  business  with  the  leading  houses  all  over 
the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  a  social  place  of  no 
insignificant  standing,  is  the  record  he  has  to  show.  Mr. 
Wemyss  was  born 
in  Hawick,  Roxbury- 

shire,    Scotland,  a  

small  town  locally 
noted  for  its  manu- 
facture of  woollens 
and  stockings,  in 
1 840.  The  first 
fourteen  years  of  his 
life  were  spent  on 
the  banks  of  the 
Tiviot,  receiving 
such  education  as 
the  vicinity  and  his 
worldly  condition  al- 
lowed. He  came  to 
America  in  1854, 
and  for  thirteen  years 
worked  at  the  bench 
in  the  furniture  trade. 
In  1867  he  and  his 
brother  started  a 
furniture  manufactur- 
ing business  in  this 
city  on  a  very  small 
scale.  His  practical 
knowledge  of  the 
details,  gained  in  his 
long  apprenticeship 
at  the  bench,  served 
him    in  good   stead, 

and  under  his  guidance  the  firm  steadily  developed  until 
it  has  become  one  of  the  leading  maniifactories  of  fine 
furniture  in  the  country.  In  the  social  world  Mr. 
Wemyss  is  an  Odd  Fellow,  a  Mason  of  high  standing, 
and  a  leader  in  the  State  of  the  British  American  citi- 
zens. For  five  consecuti\e  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Scots'  Charitable  Society,  a  position  which  is  esteemed 
the  highest  honor  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  a  Boston 
Scotchman  by  his   fellow-countrvmen.     He  at  one  time 


held  the  presidency  of  five  organizations,  —  the  British 
American  Association  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts, 
Branch  37  of  the  British  American  Society,  the  Scots' 
Charitable  Society,  the  Boston  Curling  Club,  and  the 
Hawick  Club.  Mr.  Wemyss's  part  in  the  celebration  of 
the  Queen's  Jubilee  in  Boston,  June  21,  1887,  brought 
him  into  considerable  prominence.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  which  consisted  of 
representatives  of  the  different  societies  throughout  the 

State.     Faneuil  Hall 
was    selected  as    the 
place    in    which    to 
hold   the    festivities. 
This     aroused      the 
antagonism    of    cer- 
tain     persons     who 
did    not     think     the 
"  Cradle  of  Liberty  " 
the  proper  place  for 
such    a    gathering. 
The    banquet    was 
held,    nevertheless, 
despite  objections 
and    e  \'  e  n     threats, 
and    Mr.    Wemyss 
presided  in  the  face 
of  warnings  that  per- 
sonal violence  would 
follow  his  attempt  to 
do  so.    The  outcome 
of  this  affair  was  the 
birth   of    the  British 
American      Associa- 
tions,   which,    origi- 
nating  as    a   protest 
against    this-  jubilee 
demonstration,   have 
extended     all     over 
the    country.     M  r . 
Wemyss   was    presi- 
dent of  the  State  organization  for  three  years,  and  was 
afterwards  elected  president  of   the  national    organiza- 
tion.    Mr.  Wemyss,  while  of  course  retaining  his  love 
for  the  dear  old  land  of  his  birth,  is  a  thorough  believer 
in   American   institutions   and   principles,    and  is  first, 
last  and  always  loyal  to  the  land  of  his  adoption.     Mr. 
Wemyss  was  married  in    Boston,  twenty-six  years  ago. 
His  connection   with  the  various   organizations   above 
referred  to  has  made  his  name  widely  known. 


WEMYSS. 


226 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  finance,  as  well  as  in  politics,  law  and  mercantile 
affairs,  the  young  men  of  Massachusetts  ha\e  achie\ed 
distinguished  triumphs.  The  changes  that  ha\e  taken 
place  during  the  last  decade  or  two  in  business  methods, 
the  consolidation  of  vast  financial  and  commercial  inter- 
ests, and  the  rapid  de\elopment  of  the  banking  business 
in  so  many  new  directions,  have  brought  into  prominence 
men  who  have  not  only  made  enormous  fortunes  out  of 
changing  conditions,  but  have  wielded  a  powerful  influ- 
ence in  the  financial, 
and  consequently  in 
the  entire  commer- 
cial, world.  Such  a 
man  is  Frederick 
Henry  Prince.  He  is 
one  of  an  illustrious 
family,  which  as  long 
ago  as  1584  was 
prominent  in  Eng- 
land, living  at  that 
time  in  Shrewsbury 
upon  their  estate, 
known  as  "  Abbey 
Fo  rega  t  e  ,"  John 
Prince  being  then 
rector  of  East  Shef- 


In    165 


his 


field. 

s  o  n ,  E 1 d  e  r  John 
Prince,  came  to  this 
country  and  settled 
in  Hull,  Mass.  His 
grandson,  Thomas 
Prince,  graduated 
from  Harvard  College 
in  1707,  and  in  1717 
was  ordained  c  o  - 
pastor  with  Dr.  Sew- 
ell  of  the  Old  South 
Church,  in  Boston. 
Mr.  Prince's  great- 
grandfather, James  Prince,  well  known  in  his  day  and 
generation  as  a  prominent  merchant,  was  appointed  by 
President  Jefferson  as  naval  officer  of  the  port  of  Bos- 
ton, and  afterward  as  United  States  marshal  for  the 
district  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Prince  is  the  son  of 
Frederick  Octavius  and  Helen  (Henry)  Prince,  and  was 
born  in  Winchester,  Mass.,  Nov.  30,  i860,  the  year  in 
which  several  other  men  who  have  attained  distinction 
in   Massachusetts   were  born.     His  father  is  a  distin- 


FREDERICK    H.    PRINCE 


guished  ex-mayor  of  Boston,  and  for  many  years  was 
secretary  of  the  National  Democratic  Committee.  Mr. 
F.  H.  Prince  received  his  early  education  in  public  and 
private  schools,  and  entered  Harvard  College  in  1878, 
but  left  in  1880  to  go  into  business.  In  1885  he  estab- 
lished the  firm  of  F.  H.  Prince  &  Co.,  and  his  career 
has  been  one  of  uninterrupted  prosperity.  Mr.  Prince 
is  vice-president  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Rail- 
road   Company,    a   director   of    the    Chicago   Junction 

Railways  and  Union 
Stock  Yards  Com- 
pany, and  a  director 
in  many  other  rail- 
roads and  large  cor- 
p  o  r  a  t  i  o  n  s  .  Mr. 
Prince  has  been  con- 
cerned in  some  of 
-  the  heaviest  financial 
undertakings  in  the 
country.  In  con- 
nection  with  Chi- 
cago and  the  World's 
Fair,  it  may  be  of  in- 
terest to  know  that 
in  1S89  he  entered 
into  negotiations  with 
Mr.  Nathaniel 
Thayer,  of  Boston, 
and  the  Vanderbilts, 
for  the  purchase  of 
the  Chicago  stock- 
yards, and  formed 
the  syndicate  of 
London  and  Boston 
bankers  that  paid 
§23,000,000  for  the 
property.  The  pres- 
ent plan  of  uniting 
the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading,  the  Boston 
&  Maine  and  the  New  York  &  New  England  systems 
under  one  management,  thereby  forming  the  largest  cor- 
poration in  the  world,  was  the  work  of  Mr.  Prince,  and 
this  he  accomplished  in  spite  of  strong  opposition  from 
rival  corporations.  Mr.  Prince  is  a  member  of  the  lead- 
ing ckdis  in  Boston  and  New  York.  In  1884  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Abby  Kinsley  Norman,  a  daughter  of  (leorge 
H.  Norman,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  and  has  two  children, 
Frederick  and  Norman. 


BOSTON. 


227 


FRANCIS    HENRY    UNDERWOOD   was   born    in 
Enfield,   Mass.,  Jan.  12,  1825.     His   early  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  the  common  school,  then  at  a  very 
low  ebb,  and  occasionally  afterwards,  for  a  few  months 
at  a  time,  as  the  means  of  his  family  could  afford,  in 
"  select "  schools,  where  he  began  Latin,  algebra  and 
geometry.     He  was   ambitious   to    pursue  a  collegiate 
course,  which  would  have  been   open  to  him  but  for 
conscientious  scruples  that  pre\ented  his  pledging  him- 
self to  the  ministry. 
He    d  i  d,    however, 
succeed    in  entering 
.•\mherst    College    in 
1843,  but  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  he  gave 
up  the   struggle  and 
went     to     Kentucky. 
There    he    taught 
school  and  read  law, 
anil  in   1847  was  ad- 
mitted   to   the    bar. 
His   marriage,    in 
I  848,    formed    an- 
other    tie    binding 
him    to   the    life    in 
Kentucky ;     yet    his 
sympathies  with  New 
England    ideas    and 
culture     remained 
predominant,  and  at 
the   end   of   another 
year  he   returned  to 
Massachusetts,     dis- 
satisfied   with  the 
law,    and    his    mind 
divided    between 
aspirations     towards 
literature  and  enthu- 
siasm  for  the  cause 
of  freedom.    In  1852 

he  was  the  clerk  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate ;  but  in 
1854  he  became  the  "reader"  or  literary  adviser  of  the 
Boston  publishing  house  of  Phillips,  Sampson  &  Co. 
To  this  house  he  had  carried  the  plan  of  a  new  maga- 
zine, which,  three  years  later,  was  realized  in  the  "  .At- 
lantic Monthly,"  of  which  he  became  assistant  editor, 
and  his  friend,  James  Russell  Lowell,  editor-in-chief. 
This  was  the  great  literary  event  of  those  days.  After 
the  dissolution  of  the  firm,  in  1859,  he  was  chosen  clerk 


FRANCIS    H.    UNDERWOOD 


of  the  Superior  Criminal  Court,  a  position  which  he 
continued  to  hold  for  eleven  years.  For  thirteen  years 
he  served  as  a  member  of  the  Boston  School  Committee, 
to  which  experience  we  are  indebted  for  his  two  well- 
known  handbooks  of  English  literature  (1870-72). 
In  1872  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  from 
Bowdoin  College.  In  1878  he  delivered  a  course  of 
lectures  upon  .American  literature,  at  the  Peabody 
Institute,    Baltimore,    which    was    repeated    in    Boston 

and  other  cities.     Jn 
1885     he    was    ap- 
pointed   consul  to 
Glasgow,    where    he 
was    flatteringly 
received,      and 
achieved  great  pop- 
ularity,   not    only   in 
his  official  capacity, 
but  also  as  a  man  of 
society  and  a  man  of 
letters.      While    in 
Scotland     he    deliv- 
ered   many   lectures 
upon   American    lit- 
erature, and  had  the 
honor,    unusual     for 
an  American,  of  be- 
ing   created    doctor 
of  laws  by  the  LTni- 
versity   of    Glasgow. 
After     being    super- 
seded  as    consul,   in 
1889,    he    remained 
in    Glasgow    three 
years,  and  was  mar- 
ried there  for  a  sec- 
ond    time.       He    is 
now    a    resident    of 
Boston.      He    has 
been  a  man  of  untir- 
ing industry,  and  besides  the  handbooks  of  English  lit- 
erature, he  has  written  the  following  :  "  Cloud  Pictures  " 
(imaginative   stories)  :  "  Lord  of  Himself,"  a  novel  of 
Kentucky  life  ;  "  Man  Proposes,"  also  a   novel ;  "  The 
True    Story   of  Exodus"  (an  abridgment  of  Brugsch's 
great  work)  ;  short  biographies  of   Lowell,  Longfellow, 
and    Whittier ;    and    a   handbook    of    EngUsh    history, 
based    on   Cniest's   lectures.     His    latest   publication  is 
"  Quabbin  :  The  Story  of  a  Small  Town." 


228 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  political  destinies  and  the  legislation  of  Massa- 
chusetts for  the  last  few  years  have  been  largely 
in  the  hands  of  young  men,  and   in    every   campaign 
since  iSSo  Charles  Y.  Sprague  has  taken  an  active  and 
useful  part.     He  is  the  son  of  Seth  Kdward  and  Harriet 
Boardman  (Lawrence)  Sprague,  and  was  born  in  Boston, 
June   lo,  1857.     His   grandfather   was    Peleg   Sprague, 
who  served  two  terms  in  Congress  and  one  term  in  the 
Senate  from  Maine,  whither  he  had  removed  to  practice 
law.     He  was  subse- 
q  u  e  n  1 1  y  appointed 
judge    of     the    Dis- 
trict Court  of  Massa- 
chusetts.     H  e    w  a  s 
the      author      of 
"  Sprague's    D  e  c  i  s- 
ions,"  a  book  which 
is  still   often  quoted 
as  an  authority.     Mr. 
Spragtie's      maternal 
grandfather  was  Wil- 
liam     Lawrence,     a 
brother  of  Amos  and 
Abbot  Lawrence,  the 
latter   a   minister   to 
the  Court  of   St. 
James.     Mr.  Sprague 
attended     school    in 
Boston,  and  entered 
Harvard      in      1875. 
After   graduation    he 
studied    in  the  Har- 
vard Law  School,  and 
later  finished   his 
course  in  the  Boston 
University    Law 
School.     He  is  now 
a    member    of    the 
Suffolk    bar,    and    is 
engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession.     He  has  always  taken  the  great- 
est interest  in  political    matters,   casting   his   vote   for 
President  Garfield  in  1880.     He  served  on  the  Republi- 
can Ward  and  City  Committee,  in  1887  and   1888.     In 
the  latter  year  he  was  elected  to  the  Boston  Common 
Council,  and    was  re-elected    in  1889  by  an  increased 
majority.     While  in  the  city  government,  as  memlier  of 
the  Committee  on  Claims,  he  was  instrumental  in  saving 
many  dollars  to  the  city,  voting  always  on  the  conserva- 


CHARLES    F.    SPRAGUE 


tive  side  and  taking  the  view  that  a  municipal  corpoia- 
tion  should  be  managed  like  a  business  organization  and 
not  like  apolitical  machine.     In   1890  he  was  elected 
from  the  Tenth  Suffolk  District  to    the    Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives,  and  was  re-elected  the  fol- 
lowing year.     While  in  the  House  he  served  on  the  com- 
mittees on  bills  in  the  third  reading,  probate  and  insol- 
vency and  election  laws.     Mr.  Sprague's  chief  interest 
lay  in  the  latter  committee,  which  was  one  of  impor- 
tance   by   reason   of 
the  opposition  of  dis- 
gruntled    politicians 
to  the  working  of  the 
Australian      Ballot 
Law,  which  has  been 
so   effective   in   pro- 
moting the  purity  of 
elections   in    Massa- 
chusetts, and  he  was 
strenuous    in    his 
efforts    that   as  little 
change    as     possible 
should  be  made  until 
the    people    had    be- 
come accustomed  to 
its  workings.     In  his 
first  year  in  the  Leg- 
islature  he    reported 
from    the  committee 
a  "  Bill  to  Secure  the 
Publication  of   Elec- 
tion Expenses,"  and 
was    instrumental    in 
procuring  its  passage 
through   the    House. 
LInfortunately,    how- 
ever, it  met  its  death 
in    the    Senate,    but 
was    the    next    year 
passed  and  enacted, 
after  being  materially  modified  and  improved.     In  the 
spring  of  1892  Mr.  Sprague  was   elected   an   alternate 
delegate    to    the    National   Republican   Convention    at 
Minneapolis  from  the  eighth  congressional  district.     Mr. 
Sprague    was    married    in    November,    1891,    to    Mary 
Bryant,  daughter  of  the  late  George  Langdon  Pratt,  of 
Brookline,  and  is  now  living  in  Jamaica  Plain.     He  is 
a  member  of  several  social  organizations,  among  others 
the  Athletic  and   University  clubs. 


BOSTON. 


229 


THE  home  office  of  that  sohd  Massachusetts  institu- 
tion, the  American  Legion  of  Honor,  is  located  at 
200  Huntington  Avenue,  Boston,  and  with  it  is  identified 
the  name  of  Adam  Warnock,  who  has  occupied  the 
position  of  Supreme  Secretary  for  over  ten  years.  Mr. 
Warnock's  ancestors  were  Scotch  Covenanters,  and  he 
was  born  in  New  Y^ork  City,  Dec.  19,  1846,  where  he 
received  his  education  and  business  training.  During 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  served  in  the  United  States 
Navy,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent a  member  of  Post  • 
30,  G.  A.  R.,  Depart- 
ment of  Massachu- 
setts. Early  in  life 
Mr.  Warnock  became 
connected  with  fra- 
ternal organizations, 
in  which  his  natural 
force,  strength  of 
character  and  will 
power  were  soon  rec- 
ognized, and  he  be- 
came a  leader.  He 
became  a  member  of 
the  American  Legion 
of  Honor  in  Brook- 
*  lyn,  and  at  the  or- 
gan  i  z  a  t  i  o  n  of  the 
(Irand  Council  of 
New  York  he  was 
elected  representa- 
tive to  the  Supreme 
Council,  being 
chosen  Supreme  Sec- 
retary in  1882.  In 
this  position  his  suc- 
cess has  been  un- 
ci u  e  s  t  i  o  n  e  d.  t)f 
untiring  industry  and 
with     consummate 

ability  he  has  devoted  his  time  to  the  society's  success. 
His  wise  policy  has  led  him  to  surround  the  institution 
with  all  possible  safeguards,  while  his  aggressiveness  is 
on  the  alert  constantly  to  make  use  of  every  opportunity 
to  increase  the  membership,  and  keep  it  in  the  front 
rank.  During  his  occupancy  of  the  office  of  Supreme 
Secretary,  the  American  Legion  of  Honor  has  erected  a 
magnificent  building  for  its  headquarters  ;  has  accumu- 
lated a  reser\'e   fund  of   five  hundred  thousand  dollars, 


ADAM    WARNOCK 


with  which  to  guarantee  the  payment  of  certificates, 
and  stands  to-day  one  of  the  strongest  organizations  of 
its  kind  in  the  country.  Mr.  Warnock  is  conceded  to  be 
as  well  informed  in  regard  to  fraternal  insurance  as  any 
man  in  the  country,  and  is  a  forceful  and  finished 
speaker.  His  constructive  ability  is  unsurpassed,  and 
many  of  the  best  features  of  the  system  have  been 
suggested  by  him.  He  has  held  many  positions  of  trust 
in  other  societies,  having  been  for  a  number  of  years 

Representative   from 
the     State    of    New 
York  to  the  Supreme 
Lodge,  Knights  of 
Honor,  President  of 
the    Knights    of 
Honor  Veteran  Asso- 
ciation, President  of 
the  National  Frater- 
nal Congress,  and 
Grand    Secretary    of 
the  Royal  Arcanum, 
State  of   New  York. 
He  was  long  a  mem- 
ber of  Atlas   Lodge, 
F.  &  A.  M.,  of  New 
York,  and  is  now  con- 
nected with  Colum- 
bian Lodge  of  Boston. 
He  is  also  a  member 
of  Corinthian  Royal 
Arch    Chapter  and 
Ivanhoe    Command- 
ery.    Knights     Tem- 
plar.      He    is     con- 
nected with  the  Odd 
Fellows,    Knights    of 
Pythias,  and   several 
similar  societies. 
There  are  few  men  in 
the  country  whose 
opinion  is  weightier  than  his  on  all  matters  pertaining  to 
fraternal  organizations.     Mr.  \Varnock  takes  an  interest 
in  the  better  class    of  athletic    sports,    and  is   a  good 
amateur  tennis  player  and  oarsman,  being  a  member  of 
the  Union  Boat  Club  and   the  Boston  Athletic  Associa- 
tion. Since  becoming  Supreme  Secretary  of  the  American 
Legion  of  Honor  he  has  resided  in  Massachusetts,  in  a 
pleasant  home  in  Cambridge.    Mr.  Warnock  was  married 
in  1872,  his  family  consisting  of  wife  and  five  children. 


2  so 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGK  A.  CLOUGH,  ten  times  elected  architect 
of  the  city  of  Boston,  stands  in  the  front  rank 
of  his  profession  in  the  United  States.  He  was  born  in 
Bluehill,  Me.,  on  May  27,  1843,  being  the  son  of  Asa 
and  Louisa  (Ray)  Clough.  Asa  Clough  was  a  man  of 
high  reputation  in  Maine  as  a  ship-builder,  being  nota- 
ble for  having  built  eighty-three  ships  during  his  life- 
time. George  A.  Clough  was  educated  in  the  Bluehill 
Academy,  and  worked  with  his  father  when  still  a  youth 
for  four  years  as  a 
draughtsman  in  the 
ship-yards,  drawing 
the  sweeps  upon  the 
floor  and  forming 
the  molds  for  the 
ship  timber.  In 
March,  1863,  Mr. 
Clough  came  to  Bos- 
ton and  began  the 
study  of  architecture 
with  George  Snell,  of 
the  firm  of  Snell  & 
Gregerson,  a  r  c  h  i  - 
tects.  He  remained 
with  Mr.  Snell  until 
i86g,  when  he  went 
into  business  f  o  r 
himself.  From  the 
start  he  was  success- 
ful, owing  to  his  com- 
p  1  e  t  e  knowledge  of 
his  profession,  and  in 
May,  1874,'  he  was 
elected  city  archi- 
tect of  Boston,  being 
the  first  man  to  hold 
that  position.  M  r  . 
Clough  organized 
the  department,  and 
during   his  terms  of 

ofifice,  which  covered  a  period  of  ten  successive  years, 
many  notable  public  buildings  were  erected  by  the  city 
from  his  plans.  Prominent  among  these  is  the  English 
High  and  Latin  School  building,  on  Montgomery  Street, 
in  which  structure  he  was  the  first  to  introduce  the 
German  system,  which  provides  for  constructing  the 
building  around  open  courts,  thus  affording  ample  light 
and  ventilation  to  all  parts  of  it.  Another  notable 
building  is  the  Prince  School,  on  Newlniry  Street,  which 


GEORGE    A.    CLOUGH 


fulfils  the  German  plan  for  smaller  school  buildings,  and 
which  was  comjiieted  in  1881.  The  pumping  station  at 
the  Westborough  Insane  Hospital,  and  the  Suffolk  County 
Court  House  in  Pemberton  Square,  Boston,  are  also  on 
Mr.  Clough's  plans.  In  school  buildings  Mr.  Clough 
especially  manifested  skill  as  an  architect,  and,  since 
1875,  twenty-five  or  more  of  these  have  been  built  from 
his  plans  and  under  his  direction.  Mr.  Clough  designed 
the  Marcella  Street  Home,  the  Lyman  School  for  Boys, 

the  Durfee  Memorial 
Building  at  Fall 
River,  one  of  the 
finest  school  edifices 
in  the  world,  the 
Bridge  Academy  at 
Dresden,  Me.,  and 
similar  buildings  all 
over  New  England, 
as  well  as  in  Penn- 
sylvania and  New 
York.  Recent  build- 
ings of  his  design 
are  the  Fogg  Memo- 
rial at  South  Ber- 
wick, Me.,  and  Dana 
Hall  at  Wellesley. 
After  extended  com- 
petition Mr.  Clough's 
designs  for  the  Suf- 
folk County  Court 
House  were  ac- 
cepted. The  build- 
ing as  erected,  how- 
ever, is  the  result  of 
radical  modification 
made  by  the  com- 
mission, a  n  d  to  a 
considerable  degree 
does  not  represent 
Mr.  Clough's  views 
as  expressed  in  the  original  design.  He  has  exerted 
a  marked  and  beneficial  influence  upon  the  school 
architecture  of  Massachusetts,  the  evolution  of  which 
during  the  past  few  decades  has  been  one  of  the  striking 
external  features  of  the  progress  of  the  Commonwealth. 
In  1876  Mr.  Clough  was  married,  at  Thetford,  Vt.,  to 
Amelia  M.,  daughter  of  Lyman  Hinckley ;  they  have 
three  children  living  :  Charles  Henry,  .4nnie  Louisa  and 
Pamelia  Morrill  Clough.    Their  residence  is  in  Brookline. 


BOSyON. 


2?,\ 


THAT  a  man  has  displayed  exceptional  ability  in  the 
management  of  his  own  business  is  by  no  means 
a  certain  proof  that  he  will  succeed  in  the  management 
of    public  affairs.     But  when  to  an  unusual  degree  of 
business  sagacity  are  added  invincible  integrity  and  a 
thorough  understanding  of  public  needs,  you  have  the 
making  of  a  most  useful  public  servant.     The  intricate 
problems  of  municipal  government  have  had  in  Boston 
no    better    master   than  Charles   Varney   Whitten,    ex- 
pres i d e n t   of    the 
Board  of  Aldermen. 
Conscientious  atten- 
tion   to    detail    has 
been  the  key  to  his 
success  in  both  ])ri- 
vate  and  public  life. 
He  comes  of  Quaker 
stock,    having    been 
born    in  Vassalboro, 
Me.,  May  lo,  1829, 
the    son    of    Robert 
Towne    and    Dorcas 
H.    Whitten.     Mr. 
Whitten    has    one 
brother,    Henry    C, 
and  his  sister,  .Anna 
S.,     now     deceased, 
was  once  a  celebrated 
soprano  singer.    The 
early  years  of  his  life 
were     spent    in    his 
native    town,    where 
he  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools,  finishing 
his  studies  at  Kent's 
Hill     Academy.     At 
the  age  of   eighteen 
he  came  to    Boston 
as    book-keeper    for 
the  firm  of    Kimball 

&  Fisk,  retail  clothiers.  He  remained  with  this  firm 
nine  months,  and  then  associated  himself  with  John 
Gove  &  Co.,  wholesale  clothiers.  He  was  with  them 
for  a  number  of  years.  In  1858  the  firm  of  Whitten, 
Hopkins  &  Co.  was  established,  Mr.  Whitten  becoming 
the  senior  partner.  In  1862  the  firm  of  Whitten,  Bur- 
dett  &  Young  was  founded  and  began  business  in  the 
old  Cathedral  building.  In  1872  the  great  fire  cleaned 
out   the    establishment,  and   the   firm    took    temporary 


CHARLES    V     WHITTEN 


quarters  on  Chauncy  Street.  The  Beebe  block  on 
Winthrop  Square  having  been  completed,  Whitten, 
Burdett  &  Young  moved  in  and  took  possession,  the 
firm  name  having  since  been  changed  to  Burdett,  Young 
&  Ingalls,  and  Mr.  \\'hitten  remaining  as  special  partner. 
He  was  also  special  partner  in  the  firm  of  Simonds, 
Hatch  &  ^Vhitten,  wholesale  dealers  in  furnishing  goods. 
Mr.  Whitten  has  been  a  director  in  the  Commonwealth 
and   Mechanics   National   banks  and  a  trustee  in    the 

Home  Savings  Bank 
ever  since  its  incor- 
poration. In  1880 
Mr.  Whitten,  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of 
his  friends,  became  a 
candidate  for  alder- 
man, was  elected  and 
re-elected  the  two 
fol  1  o  w  i  n  g  years. 
When  he  again  ran 
for  office,  in  1884, 
his  victory  was  a 
most  pronounced 
one.  For  two  years 
he  was  chairman  of 
the  board,  and  was 
regarded  as  pre-emi- 
nently the  business 
man  in  that  body. 
His  election  in  1884 
as  a  Democrat,  by 
over  two  hundred 
majority,  in  a  district 
that  gave  Mayor 
Martin  over  twehe 
--  hundred  majority, 

shows  the  great  hold 
he  had  upon  the  peo- 
ple of  his  district. 
Mr.  Whitten  is  a 
member  of  a  large  number  of  societies  and  clubs,  in- 
cluding the  Eastern  and  Hull  Yacht  clubs.  Of  the 
latter  he  was  commodore  for  several  years,  and  has 
done  much  to  advance  the  interest  in  amateur  yachting. 
He  is  a  prominent  fancier  and  grower  of  roses,  and  on 
his  spacious  grounds  in  Dorchester  he  has  raised  some 
of  the  rarest  and  most  beautiful  varieties.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Horticultural  Society  and  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Charitable  Mechanic  Association. 


2y. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-BAY. 


IN  the  hands  of  .a  young,  wealthy  and  energetic  man 
was  placed  the  management  of  the  Republican  cam- 
paign of  1892  in  Massachusetts,  and  the  results,  consid- 
ered as  a  whole,  amply  justified  the  State  Committee  in 
its  choice    of   Eben   Sumner  Draper  as  chairman.     He 
was  born  in   that  part  of   Milford,  Mass.,  which  is  now 
Hopedale,  June   15,   1858,  the  youngest  son  of  George 
and   Hannah   (Thwing)  Draper.     His   early   education 
was  obtained  in  'public  and  private  schools,  and  at  the 
age   of   fifteen  years 
he  began  a  course  of 
instruction   in    m  e  - 
chanical  engineering 
at  the  Massachusetts 
Institute    of  T  e  c  h  - 
nology.     Graduating 
from  this  institution 
in  1880,  he  went  to 
work  in  the  draught- 
i  n  g   department    of 
the    manufacturing 
concerns  at  H  o  p  e  - 
dale.     The  technical 
and    scientific  train- 
ing  which   he    had 
received  was  of  great 
value  to  him  in  later 
years,   and    he    soon 
became  a  prominent 
figure  in  his  father's 
extensive  machine 
shops   at   Hopedale. 
He    learned    t  h  o  r  - 
oughly  the  practical 
part  of  the  manufac- 
ture   of    machinery 
and    cotton    goods. 
At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  was  admitted 
as  partner  in  the  firm 

of  George  Draper  &  Sons,  consisting  of  his  father  and 
his  two  brothers.  General  W.  F.  and  G.  A.  Dra])er.  He 
has  other  business  interests,  being  director  in  over  a 
dozen  manufacturing  companies,  among  them  being  the 
Hopedale  Machine  Company,  —  manufacturers  ot  the 
finest  cotton  machinery  in  the  country,  —  the  Sawyer 
Spindle  Company,  the  Dutcher-Temple  Company,  the 
Hopedale  Machine  Screw  Company,  the  Globe  Yarn 
Mills,  the  Continental  Mills  of  Lewiston,  and  the  Cilas- 


EBEN    S.    DRAPER 


gow  Thread  Company.     In  addition  to  these  corpora- 
tions, he  is   a   director   in   several  railroad  com]janies. 
Business  interests  have  not  engrossed  the  whole  of  Mr. 
Draper's  attention,  however,  for  he  has  been  a  diligent 
student  of  political  problems.     He  was  present  at   the 
first  meeting  of  the    organizers   of   the  Home  Market 
Club,  was  chosen  on  its  first  board  of  directors,  and  is 
still  a  member  of  the  board.     In  politics  Mr.  Draper  is 
a  strong  Republican  and  a  stanch  advocate  of  protec- 
tion, but  he  has  never 
sought   political  o  f  - 
fice,  although  having 
served  on  several  im- 
portant   committees, 
and  several  times 
been  elected  a  dele- 
gate to  conventions. 
After  a  spirited  con- 
test he  was  chosen  to 
the  office  of  chairman 
of   the    Republican 
State    Central    Com- 
mittee    in     January, 
1892.     He    is  con- 
nected  with    several 
social    organizations, 
among  them  the 
Boston  Athletic,  the 
Union  and  Algonquin 
clubs.      For    three 
years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  Corps 
of  Cadets,  and  is  now 
in  the  Veteran  Corps. 
Mr.    Draper    took    a 
prominent  and  influ- 
ential part  in  the 
long  contest  which 
resulted  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  town 
of  Hopedale,  and  has  a  strong  hold  upon  the  esteem  and 
gratitude  of  his  fellow-townsmen.     In   1883  Mr.  Draper 
was  married  to  Miss  Nannie  Bristow,  daughter  of  Gen- 
eral Bristow,  ex-secretary  of  the  treasury.     They  ha\e 
two  children,  and  their  pleasant  home  is  in  Hojiedale. 
In  recognition  of    his   management  of  the   Republican 
campaign  of  1892  the  leading  members  of  his  party  in 
Massachusetts  united  in  giving  him  a  banquet  in  Boston 
in  December  of  that  vear. 


BOSTON. 


233 


IN    Massachusetts    politics   of   recent  years  it    is  the 
young  man  who  has  played  the  most  important  parts. 
He  has  shaped  the  policy  of  the  party,  controlled  the 
management,  and  filled  the  offices.     Of  no  young  man 
has  the  rise  been  more  rapid  than  of  Abraham  C.  Rat- 
shesky,  the  brilliant  secretary  of  the   Republican  State 
Central   Committee.     He  was  born  in  Boston,  Nov.  6, 
1864,  the  son  of  Asher  and  Bertha  Ratshesky.     He  at- 
tended the  public  schools,  and  graduated  with  high  honors 
from  the  Rice  Train- 
ing School,  as  num- 
ber one  in    his  class, 
and  won  the   medal 
offered    in    competi- 
tion  for   scholars  of 
any  grammar  school 
in  the  United  States 
for  the  best  essay  on 
the  battle  of  Lexing- 
ton.     He    then    en- 
tered   the    Boston 
Latin    School,    and 
pursued    his    studies 
there  until  going  into 
business    with   his 
father   and    brother. 
The  firm  of  A.  Rat- 
shesky  &  Sons    was 
succeeded    in    1891, 
upon    the    death   of 
his  father,  by  L  &  A. 
C.    Ratshesky,     who 
now  carry  on  one  of 
the  largest  wholesale 
and    retail    clothing 
establishments  in  the 
city,  in  the  magnifi- 
cent building  erected 
by  them  on  the  cor- 
ner   of     Blackstone, 

Hanover  and  North  Centre  streets.  Mr.  Ratshesky 
has  charge  of  large  estates,  and  occupies  many  positions 
of  trust  in  the  financial  world,  being  treasurer  in  no  less 
than  ten  institutions,  and  president  and  director  in  as 
many  more.  In  the  political  field  he  has  been  singu- 
larly successful,  his  career  having  begun  in  18S9,  when 
he  was  elected  to  the  Boston  Common  Council  from 
Ward  18,  and  served  in  that  body  for  three  successive 
terms.     In  1892  he  was  the  Republican  leader  in  the 


ABRAHAM    C.    RATSHESKY 


Council,  and  made  a  most  creditable  record  as  an  able 
and  honest  legislator,  being  always  in  the  front  rank  of 
the  best  speakers  on  all  important  questions.  He  has 
served  on  everv  one  of  the  important  committees  of 
the  City  Government.  He  was  elected  to  the  Republi- 
can State  Committee  for  1891  and  1892,  and  was  unan- 
imously chosen  secretary  of  the  committee  for  1892,  the 
choice  being  regarded  as  a  most  fortunate  one.  He  was 
re-elected  to  the  committee  for  1893.     In  1891  he  was 

a    delegate    to    the 
National  Republican 
Convention    of    Re- 
publican     League 
Clubs,  held   in   Cin- 
cinnati, and  in  1892 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Republican 
Convention  in   Min- 
neapolis, being    sec- 
retary of  the  Massa- 
chusetts   delegation, 
and  one  of  President 
Harrison's     warmest 
supporters.     In  1892 
he   was  unanimously 
nominated   for  sena- 
tor by  the   Republi- 
can   party   in    the 
Seventh  Suffolk  Dis- 
trict,   and    although 
the  district  is  one  of 
the    Democratic 
strongholds    of    the 
State,  and  w-as  repre- 
sented   by  a   Demo- 
crat whose    plurality 
was  over  twelve  hun- 
dred, Mr.  Ratshesky 
overcame     this     im- 
mense vote,  and  was 
elected    by   about   five    hundred    plurality  —  a   striking 
proof  of  his  popularity.     Mr.  Ratshesky  was  one  of  the 
organizers  of  the  Republican  Club  of  Massachusetts,  is 
a  member  of  the  Home  Market  Club,  the  Boston  Mar- 
ketmen's  Republican  Club,  the  Mercantile  Library  As- 
sociation,   Past    Noble    Grand    of    Montezuma   Lodge, 
I.  O.  O.  F.,  Past  Chief    Patriarch    of   Buckingham    En- 
campment, I.  O.  G.  F.,  and  a  member  of  many  leading 
social  clubs  of  the  citv. 


J34 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


RVN.    JOSHUA    P.    BODFISH    was   born    in    Fal- 
mouth, Mass.,   March   29,   1839.     His   ancestors 
were  among  the  first  settlers  on   Cape  Cod,  and  were 
largely  engaged    in  shipbuilding,  an   industry  that   was 
extensively  carried  on  in  that  section  of  Massachusetts 
in  the  early  days.     One  of  his  ancestors,  Robert  Bodfish, 
was  one  of  five  who  purchased  from  the  Indians  all  the 
land  now  embraced  within  the    limits  of   the    town  of 
Sandwich.     Another,  William  Bodfish,  represented  Sand- 
wich in  the  General 
Court  for  nine  years, 
and    took   an   active 
part  in    the  exciting 
events     immediately 
preceding  the  Revo- 
lution.    Father  Bod- 
fish was  raised  in  the 
Orthodox  church, 
but  when  the  matter 
of    studying   for   the 
ministry     was      seri- 
ously entered    upon, 
he   became    dissatis- 
fied   with    what    he 
terms  "  the   inc  o  n- 
sistencies  of   Calvin- 
ism," and,   therefore 
abandoning  the  creed 
of   his  fathers,   stud- 
ied and  took  orders 
in    the    E  p  i  s  c  o  p  al 
church,   officiating 
for  some  time  as  as- 
sistant    minister    at 
All    Saints'    Church, 
Philadelphia.     While 
here,  from  a  study  of 
the  works  of  the  late 
Cardinal    Newman 
and    others,    he    be- 
came satisfied  that  the  orders  of  the  Anglican  church 
were  not  valid,  and  the  result  of  this  study  was  that  he 
turned  to   the   Catholic    church.     He  was   baptized    a 
Catholic   by  Bishop  Domenec,  of  Pittsburg,  Penn.,  in 
1863,   pursued   his    initial    theological  studies  with  the 
Lazarist  Fathers  at  the  Seminary  of    Our   I.ady  of  the 
Angels,  Niagara,  and  when  that  institution  was  destroyed 
by  fire  he  went  to  Seton  Hall,  New  Jersey,  where  he 
finished  his  jsreliminary  course.     He    then   joined   the 


late  Father  Hecker's  Paulist  community  in  New  York, 
and  was  ordained  priest  Nov.  30,  1866.  Father  Bod- 
fish remained  with  the  Paulists  for  ten  years,  engaged  in 
missionary  work,  lecturing  and  preaching  throughout 
the  country.  While  with  this  energetic  band  of  mission- 
aries he  organized  and  built  u])  the  Young  Men's  Cath- 
olic Society,  connected  with  the  church  of  the  com- 
munity in  New  York,  which  became  a  large  and  devoted 
band  of   earnest  young    men.     Coming   to    Boston    in 

1876,    he    was     sta- 
tioned at  the  cathe- 
dral, where  he  occu- 
pied for  some  years 
the  positions   of 
chancellor    of     the 
archdiocese  and  sec- 
retary to  Archbishop 
Williams.     Later    he 
became  rector  of  the 
cathedral,    and     in 
1888    he    was    ap- 
pointed  to  the  pas- 
toral  charge    of    St. 
John's  Church,  Can- 
ton,   Mass.,    over 
which  parish  he  still 
presides,  having  ren- 
ovated and  beautified 
the   church    and   im- 
proved    the    chiirch 
property    by    the 
erection    of     a    fine 
residence.     In     No- 
vember,   1891,    he 
observed  the  twenty- 
fifth    anniversary    of 
his  ordination  to  the 
priesthood.       Father 
Bodfish    is  of   digni- 
fied   and   command- 
ing presence,    a  brilliant   lecturer   and    controversalist, 
a  man   of  decided    intellectual   and   social  tastes,  and 
an    enthusiastic    son    of    New  England.     He   was   one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Antiquarian  Society,  afterwards 
incorporated  as  the  Bostonian  Society,  and  a  director 
in  it  for  many   years.     He    is   also  a  director  in   the 
Bunker  Hill  Monument  Association,  a  member  of  the 
New  England  Historic  Genealogical  Society,  and  of  the 
Thursday  Evening  and  St.  Botolph  clubs. 


JOSHUA    P.    BODFISH 


BOSTON. 


235 


CHARLES   ENDICOTT,   tax  commissioner  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  and  also  com- 
missioner of  corporations,   has  been  in  public  life  for 
nearly  fifty  years,  with  only  short  interniptions.     He  was 
born   in  Canton,  Norfolk  Count)',  Mass.,  Oct.  28,  1822, 
being  the  son  of  Elijah  and  Cynthia  (Childs)  Endicott. 
His  early  educational  advantages  were  only  those  which 
could  be  obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  Canton,  and 
he  was  from  the  first  trained  to  a  life  of  practical  en- 
deavor,   being  r  e- 
quired    to    work    on 
his  father's  farm  and 
at   boot    making    in 
his   early   days.      In 
1846,  when  o  n  1  y 
twenty-four  years  of 
age,    he    was    called 
upon  to  begin  what 
has   proved  to   be  a 
unique  career  in  the 
service  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,     being    ap- 
pointed deputy  sher- 
iff of  Norfolk  County, 
an   office,    which    in 
those     days    carried 
with    it    much    local 
distinction.      In  the 
early    fifties  he  took 
up  the   study  of  the 
law,      entering      the 
office   of   the    late 
Ellis  Ames,  of  Can- 
ton, and  in   1857  he 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar  to  practise  as  an 
attorney  and  c  o  u  n  - 
sellor-at-Iaw.       The 
citizens  of  Canton 
early  recognized  the 

worth  of  Mr.  Endicott,  and  he  was  from  time  to  time 
called  upon  to  fill  nearly  all  the  offices  of  local  trust. 
He  was  a  county  commissioner  for  a  period  of  six  years, 
and  was  also  commissioner  of  insolvency,  being  first 
appointed  by  the  governor  and  subsequently  elected  by 
the  people  ;  was  a  representative  in  the  General  Court 
in  1851,  1857  and  1858;  was  sent  to  the  State  Senate 
in  1866  and  1867  ;  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
council  in   1S68    and   1869;    was  State  auditor   in    the 


CHARLES    ENDICOTT 


years  1870,  1871,  1872,  1873,  1874  and  1875,  and  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  Commonwealth  in  1876,  1877, 
1878,  1879  and  1880,  a  rare  political  compliment.  He 
held  the  office  of  State  treasurer  as  long  as  any  man  is 
permitted  to  hold  it  under  the  Constitution.  In  1881 
he  was  made  deputy  tax  commissioner,  and  later  com- 
missioner, and  also  commissioner  of  corporations,  offices 
of  much  responsibility  and  labor.  In  financial  and 
corporate  circles  Mr.  Endicott  is  looked  upon  as  a  high 

authority,  and  the 
annual  reports  of  his 
departments     form 
valuable  additions  to 
the   statistics  of   the 
State.     He  is  a  di- 
rector in  the  N  o  r  - 
folk  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Company, 
a    director    in    the 
Neponset      National 
Bank,   and    was    for 
forty  years  a  trustee 
of  the  Canton  Insti- 
tution for  Savings,  of 
which  institution   he 
is     now    president. 
Mr.     Endicott    has 
been  twice  married, 
his    first   wife    being 
Miriam  Webb,  whom 
he  married    in  Can- 
ton, Sept.  30,    1845. 
Of    this  marriage 
there  was  one  child  : 
Charles  W.  Endicott. 
His  second  wife  was 
Augusta   G.   Dins- 
more,  and  the  wed- 
ding was  in  Charles- 
town,  N.  H.,  Oct.  2 
1848.   Two  children  were  born  of  this  marriage  :  Edward 
D.  and   Cynthia  A.   (Endicott)    Field,   wife  of   R.  M. 
Field.     Having  been  for  so  many  years  in  the  offices  of 
State  auditor,  treasurer  and  tax  commissioner,  Mr.  Endi- 
cott is  probably  as  well  versed  as  any  other  man  in  Mas- 
sachusetts on  all  matters  relating  to  the  finances  of  the 
State.     Mr.  Endicott  resides  in  Canton,  where  his  early 
successes  were  made  and  his  career  as  a  public  ser\-ant 
commenced. 


J36 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  "Puritan,"  "  Mayfl  ovver  "  and  "Volunteer"  are 
household  words.    The  man  who  wrested  yachting 
laurels  from  all  comers  and  placed  them  on  Columbia's 
brow  belongs  to  Massachusetts.     Charles  Jackson  Paine- 
yachtsman,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  on  Aug.  26,  1S33. 
He  is  a  great-grandson  of  Robert  Treat  Paine,  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.     Charles  Jackson 
Paine  was  graduated  from  Harvard  in  the  class  of  1S53, 
among  his  classmates  being  Charles  W.  Eliot,  Robert  S. 
Rantoul    and    Justin 
•W"  insor.     Subse- 
quently   he    studied 
law     with     R  u  f  u  s 
Choate  and  was  ad- 
mitted   to    the   bar, 
but  has  not  practised 
since   the   war.     He 
married  the  daughter 
of  John  Bryant,   Jr., 
and    by    inheritance 
and    successful   ven- 
tures in  railroad  en- 
terprises  became   in 
early  life  the  posses- 
sor of  a  large  fortune. 
On  Oct.  8,  1 86 1,  he 
entered    the    Union 
.'\rmy  as  captain    in 
the     Twenty-second 
Massachusetts      I  n  - 
fantry,    and     served 
with  it  until  Jan.  14, 
1862,    when  he    was 
promoted  to  major  of 
the  Thirtieth  Massa- 
chusetts    Regiment. 
On  Oct.  2,  1862,  he 
was  commissioned  as 
colonel  of  the  Second 
Louisiana  Regiment, 

and  served  with  it  until  March  4,  1864,  when  he  resigned. 
He  commanded  a  brigade  during  the  siege  of  Port 
Hudson  in  the  summer  of  1863.  In  March,  1864,  he 
joined  General  Butler  in  Virginia,  and  in  the  following 
month  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Drury's  Bluff.  On 
July  4,  1864,  he  was  appointed  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  led  a  division  of  colored  troops  in  the 
attack  of  New  Market,  Va.,  Sept.  29,  1864.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  capture  of  Fort  Fisher  in  January,  1865. 


CHARLES   J     PAINE 


Subsequently  he  served  under  General  Sherman  in 
North  Carolina,  and  after  the  surrender  of  Lee  com- 
manded the  district  of  Newbern.  He  was  brevetted 
major-general  of  volunteers  for  his  services  at  Fort 
Fisher,  and  on  Jan.  15,  1866,  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service.  General  Paine  from  earliest  boyhood  took  an 
ardent  interest  in  yachting,  and  became  a  master  of 
yacht  designing  and  sailing.  In  1877  he  purchased  the 
"  Halcyon,"  and  so  improved  her  that  she  became  one 

of  the  fastest  sailing 
craft   of    her    kind, 
ranking   with    the 
"Grayling"      and 
"Montauk."      In 
1885    General  Paine 
formed  the  syndicate 
that  built  the  "  Puri- 
tan," and  also  served 
at   the   head   of   the 
committeewhich  had 
charge  of  her  during 
the    races    of    the 
year.     Later   he   be- 
came   sole   owner  of 
the    "  Puritan,"    but 
soon   after    sold   her 
to      Commodore 
Forbes.     In    1886 
he  built  the    "  May- 
flower," which   de- 
feated the  "Galatea," 
and,    in    i  8  8  7  ,  the 
"  Volunteer,"    which 
successfully    de- 
fended   the  Ameri- 
ca's cup  against  the 
"Thistle."        The 
"Puritan,"      "May- 
flower" and  "Volun- 
teer "   were    all    de- 
signed by  Edward  Burgess,  but  that  gentleman  during  his 
lifetime  frequently  testified  to  the  generous  and  heljjful 
part  which  General  Paine  took  in  their  construction.     In 
February,    1888,   the   New  Vork  Vacht  Club,  of  which 
General  Paine  is  a  member,  in  recognition  of  his  triple 
successful  defence  of  the  America's  cup,  presented  him 
a    silver   cup    commemorating    his    victories.     General 
Paine  lives  in  Boston,  and  has  a  summer  residence  at 
Weston,  Mass. 


BOSTON. 


237 


IN   the  development  and  use  of  the  great  inventions 
which  have  especially  marked  the  world's  progress 
during   the    nineteenth    century,  —  the    steamboat,    the 
railroad,  the    telegraph   and   the   telephone,  —  America 
has  taken  the  lead.     Unknown  less  than  twenty  )ears 
ago,    the    telephone    has   already   brought    about    such 
radical  changes  in  commercial  methods  and  social  life 
that  it  easily  takes  equal  rank  with  its  three  predeces- 
sors.    To-day  no  place  in  the  United  States  of  more 
than    five    thousand 
inhabitants  is  without 
its   telephone    ex- 
change,    and     every 
year  a  quarter  of  a 
million    exchange 
subscribers  carry  on 
more  than  five  hun- 
dred million  conver- 
sations.    These    ex- 
changes are  so  knit 
together  by  connect- 
ing lines  that  towns 
and  cities  very  widely 
separated     talk     to- 
gether  with    ease. 
Indeed,  all  the  great 
cities  of  the  United 
States  north  of  Wash- 
ington  and    east    of 
Chicago  intercom- 
municate readily  by 
telephone,  the  open- 
ing of  the  line  from 
New    York   to   Chi- 
cago,   on    the    eigh- 
teenth day  of  Octo- 
ber,   1892,    marking 
an  event  in  the  de- 
velopment  of    long- 
distance lines.     This 

work  is  wholly  carried  on  by  companies  licensed  by  the 
American  Bell  Telephone  Company,  and  using  its  instru- 
ments. In  this  achievement  Massachusetts  may  well 
take  a  peculiar  pride.  The  telephone  was  invented  by 
one  of  her  citizens,  and  its  usefulness  has  been  devel- 
oped and  its  business  built  up  by  Massachusetts  men. 
Prominent  in  the  councils  of  the  companv  from  the  begin- 
ning has  been  its  present  president,  John  K.  Hudson.  Mr. 
■Hudson  was  born  in  Lynn,  Essex  County,  Aug.  j,  1839, 


JOHN    E.    HUDSON 


the  son  of  John  and'Elizabeth  C.  (Hilliard)  Hudson.  He 
was  educated  at  the  common  schools  of  that  city,  and 
after  graduating  from  the  High  School  he  prepared  himself 
for  college.  He  was  admitted  to  Harvard  in  1858,  and 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1862,  valedictorian  sinnma 
cum  laudc.  From  1862  to  1865  he  remained  in  the 
university  as  tutor  in  Greek,  Latin  and  ancient  history, 
and,  while  attending  to  these  duties,  took  the  regular 
course  of  the   Law  School.     He  finished  his  studies  in 

the  office  of  Messrs. 
Chandler,  Shattuck  & 
Thayer,  at  old  No.  4 
Court  Street,  Boston, 
and    in    the   fall    of 
1866    was    admitted 
to  the  Massachusetts 
bar.      In     February, 
1870,    upon    the   re- 
tirement of  Mr.  Shat- 
tuck,   he    became   a 
member  of  the  firm 
(Chandler,  Thayer  & 
Hudson   until    1S74, 
and    afterwards 
Chandler,    Ware*  & 
Hudson),  and  so  re- 
mained   until    1878, 
when    the    firm   was 
dissolved,  and  he  re- 
turned   to   his    own 
practice.     In     1879, 
with     George     Fred 
Williams,  he    edited 
Vol.  10  of  the  United 
States  Digest,  intro- 
ducing a  substantially 
complete  change   in 
the  classification 
adopted  in  that  work. 
In  1880,  on  the  for- 
mation of  the  American  Bell  Telephone  Company,  Mr. 
Hudson  becajiie  general  counsel  of    the  company  and 
gradually  withdrew  from  other  practice.     In  1885,  upon 
certain  changes  in  the  executive  offices,  he  took  up  the 
duties  of  the  general  manager,  to  which  were  added  in 
1887    those   of    the  vice-presidency.     In    1889   he  was 
made  president.     Mr.  Hudson  is  also  president  of  the 
American    Telephone    and    Telegraph    Company  —  the 
Long  Distance  Company. 


238 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


A  SUCCESSFUL  merchant  and  business    man,  Mr. 
George  L.  Stevens  has  acquired  an  enviable  and 
honorable    position  in    Boston   circles,  whether  in  the 
lines  of  manufacturing  and  trade  or  in  a  social  way.     He 
is    the  president   of   the    \Varren    Soap    Manufacturing 
Company,  the   largest  manufacturers  of   textile    soaps, 
wool    scourers   and    chemicals    in    America,  a  position 
which  he  fills  with  great  energy  and  ability.     Possessed 
of  great  personal    magnetism,  he   forcibly  illustrates   in 
his    personality    the 
power  of  self-control 
a  n  d    of   convincing 
argument    in    what- 
ever he  seeks   to  ac- 
complish,  and    has 
therefore   been   suc- 
cessful   in    a   high 
degree.     Magnani- 
mous, just  and  gener- 
o  u  s    to  a   fault,   he 
wins    friendship   in 
every  sphere   of   ac- 
tion, and  commands 
a  healthful  influence 
wherever    he    is 
known.     Though   he 
holds  membership  in 
several   important 
clubs,  social  and  oth- 
erwise,   he    rarely 
avails  himself  of  their 
privileges,  preferring 
as  a  rule  the  quiet  of 
the  home  circle  after 
the  active  and  ardu- 
ous duties  of  the  day 
are  closed.     Mr.  Ste- 
vens was  born  in  the 
State  of  Maine  forty 
years   ago.     On    ac- 
count of  a  complication  of  adverse  circumstances,  after 
receiving  his  education,  he   began  his  business  life  with 
very  little  aid  from  any  one.     Concerning  his  early  life, 
Mr.  Stevens  says  :  "  I  knew  it  would  be  a  hard  struggle, 
but  I  determined  like  Richelieu  that  there  should  be  no 
such  word  as  fail."     His  ancestry  was  of  the  best  old  Puri- 
tan stock  that,  according   to    the  old  family  genealogy, 
came  to  this  country  from  England  between  the  years 
1620  and  1700.     One    of   these,  his    maternal  ancestor. 


GEORGE    L.    STEVENS 


was  John  Coolidge,  who  came  from  Cambridgeshire  and 
settled  in  Watertown  in  1630.  The  subject  of  this  short 
biographical  sketch  is  the  seventh  generation  in  descent 
from  Colonel  John  Phipps,  a  nephew  of  the  famous  Sir 
William  Phipps,  who  was  governor  of  New  England  in 
1690,  and  whose  life  was  written  by  his  personal  friend. 
Cotton  Mather,  in  his  celebrated  "  Magnalia."  From 
his  revered  mother  Mr.  Stevens  early  imbibed  the  pride 
of  birth,  and  a  spirit  of  patriotism  and  love  of  country, 

having    heard    from 
her  lips  thrilling  ac- 
counts of  the  perils 
which  his    ancestors 
—  one  of  whom  was 
in   the    French    and 
Indian  wars,  and  an- 
other,  his   great- 
grandfather,  an 
officer  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War  for  seven 
years  —  had    under- 
gone in  their  heroic 
efforts    to   lay    the 
foundations   of   our 
■   government.      Pos- 
sessed of  the  strictest 
commercial  integrity, 
Mr.  Stevens's  motto 
through  life  has  been, 
"  Pay  every  man  what 
thou  owest,"  and  the 
high  standing  of  the 
company,  of  which  he 
is  the  head  and  chief 
factor,  is  a  monument 
to  his  judgment,  un- 
tiring   energy   and 
industry  in  its  build- 
ing up.     The  works 
of  the  Warren   Soap 
Manufacturing  Company   are   in  Watertown,  Mass.,  the 
headquarters  are  in  Boston,  and  there  is  a  branch  office 
in  Philadelphia.     The    Boston  office  of  the  company  is 
on  Federal  Street.     Mr.  Stevens  is  a  member  of  Colum- 
bian   Lodge    Free   and   Accepted    Masons,    St.    Paul's 
Royal   Arch    Chapter,    Boston    Commandery,    Knights 
Templar,  Boston  Council  of  Royal  and  Select   Masters, 
and  of  Massachusetts  Consi-story.     He  resides  on  Alaska 
Street,  Boston  Highlands. 


BOSTON. 


239 


AMONG  the  most  successful  of  the  younger  genera- 
tion of  newsjiaper  men  in  Massachusetts  stands 
Fred  Krwin  Whiting,  who  is  at  present  clerk  of  the  cor- 
poration of  the  Boston  Herald  Company,  and  assistant 
business  manager  of  that  journal.  He  is  also  a  director 
in  the  company,  and  one  of  three  executors  of  the  will 
of  the  late  Mr.  Pulsifer.  He  is  the  son  of  George  Fred- 
erick and  Harriet  Louisa  (Learned)  Whiting,  and  was 
born  in  Brookline,  Norfolk  (bounty,  Dec.  21,  1857.  He 
traces  his  American- 
ism back  to  1643. 
His  early  educational 
training  was  received 
in  private  schools 
and  the  Cambridge 
High  School.  He 
was  fitted  for  college 
matriculation  in  the 
latter  school,  entered 
Harvard  College, 
and  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1S80. 
After  leaving  college 
Mr.  Whiting  was  one 


year  with  the  Boston 
Knob  Company,  of 
which  his  father  was 
president.  He  then 
cast  his  lot  with  the 
Boston  Herald,  act- 
ing as  private  secre- 
tary to  Mr.  R.  M. 
Pulsifer,  its  manager. 
This  position  carried 
with  it  grave  respon- 
sibility, as  during  the 
absence  abroad  of 
Mr.  Pulsifer,  the 
young  secretary's  at- 
tention was  called  to 

the  many  outside  interests  of  his  employer.  He  dis- 
played such  marked  executive  ability  that  in  March, 
1888,  he  was  admitted  as  partner  in  the  firm  that  owned 
and  i)ul)lished  the  Herald.  It  was  in  May  of  the  same 
year,  when  the  entire  Herald  property  was  turned  over 
to  the  present  Boston  Herald  Company,  that,  in  the  ad- 
justment of  matters,  Mr.  Whiting  assumed  his  present 
positions.  He  became  treasurer  of  the  Cambridge 
Democratic  ward  and  city  committee  in  1879,  and  acted 


FRED    E.    WHITING 


in  that  capacity  for  three  years.  He  is  director  and 
treasurer  of,  the  Hotel  and  Railroad  News  Company, 
treasurer  of  the  Hotel  Pemberton  Company,  and  of  the 
Tuxpan  Oil  Company.  He  is  a  life  member  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Union,  and  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order.  Mr.  Whiting  was  married  in  Cambridge 
Oct.  10,  1883,  to  Amy  Estelle,  daughter  of  Thomas  T. 
and  Clara  Ophelia  (Rolfe)  Ferguson.  Mrs.  Whiting  is 
a  lineal  descendant  of  Captain  John  Rolfe,  who  married 

Pocahontas,  the  fa- 
mous Indian  maid  of 
Virginia.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Whiting  have 
two  children.  The 
family  residence  is 
at  Auburndale.  Mr. 
Whiting  is  a  young 
man  of  broad  grasp 
in  business  methods. 
He  is  essentially 
modern  in  his  ideas, 
and  is  a  man  of  his 
day  and  generation. 
He  possesses  that 
executive  ability 
which  is  a  nat- 
ural gift,  and  an 
invaluable  one  to 
men  engaged  in  the 
turmoil  of  business 
life.  He  has  crowded 
into  a  few  years  a 
wide  experience  of 
men  and  matters, 
covering  a  broad 
field  of  activities. 
To  his  restless  en- 
ergy and  business 
vim  the  Herald  owes 
much  of  its  present 
prosperity,  and  the  reputation  of_being  a  live  newspaper, 
with  live  men  in  charge  of  its  destiny.  Many  of  its 
brightest  ideas  and  its  most  successful  features  have 
originated  in  Mr.  Whiting's  active  mind,  and  he  is  ever 
on  the  alert  for  opportunities  to  extend  the  already  wide- 
spread influence  of  the  Herald,  which  for  many  years 
has  ranked  among  the  foremost  journals  of  the  country. 
The  success  of  Mr.  Whiting  is  well  worthy  the  study 
and  emulation  of  all  ambitious  boys  of  Massachusetts. 


240 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


BENJAMIN  JOHNSON,  manager  of  the  New  Em-- 
land  Groar,  is  a  pioneer  in  trade  journalism  in 
the  United  States ;   and  as  the  Nmi  Ent^himf  Grocer  is 
the  representative  of  the  highest  order  of  an  indepen- 
dent trade  journal,  so  is  Mr.  Johnson  a  representative 
journalist.      Mr.   Johnson   was    publishing   a   paper   in 
South  Reading,  Mass.,  now  Wakefield,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  war.     In  1862  he   joined  the  navy  and   served 
under  Commodore  Foote  and  was  present  at  the  taking 
of  Island  No.  10  in 
the  Mississippi.     He 
also     served     under 
Admirals  Davis, 
Walker,    Porter    and 
Winslow.      He    was 
on    board    the   gun- 
boat Baron  de  Kalb, 

when  it  was  blown  up  y<f 

under  the  confeder- 
ate fort  on  the  Yazoo 
River  in  the  rear  of 
Vicksburg.     Mr. 

Johnson's  experience  ' 

also  includes  eight 
years'  service  in  the 
Boston  post-office. 
Founded  at  a  time 
when  trade  journal- 
ism was  in  its  in- 
fancy, the  New  Eiig- 
l  a  n  d  Grocer  has 
grown  until  it  is  now 
the  largest  and  most 
influential  grocery 
journal  in  the  United 
States.  Its  ])olicy 
has  always  been  a 
thoroughly  inde- 
pendent one,  guided 
by  principle  and  right. 

The  New  England  Grocer  commenced  its  successful 
career  more  than  fifteen  years  ago.  June  6,  1877,  was 
the  date  of  the  initial  number,  when  it  was  founded  by 
its  present  manager,  Mr.  Johnson.  At  that  time  it  was 
a  new  venture,  and  the  trade  was  slow  to  appreciate  the 
value  of  having  a  paper  entirely  given  up  to  its  interests. 
In  those  days  the  value  of  advertising  to  their  customers 
was  not  appreciated  by  merchants  as  it  is  to-day,  when 
the  trade  journal  exercises  a  potent  influence  for  good 


BENJAMIN    JOHNSON. 


in  the  special  field  which  it  occupies.  Not  timorously, 
but  with  becoming  modesty,  the  Neiv  England  Grocer 
started.  Its  first  number  had  a  total  of  but  twelve 
pages,  but  by  an  intelligent,  independent  course,  and  by 
an  earnest  devotion  to  the  best  interests  of  its  constit- 
uency it  gained  the  confidence  of  the  trade.  Thus  it 
grew,  and  the  business  pressure  upon  its  columns  neces- 
sitated constant  additions  to  its  pages,  until  at  the 
present  time  its  regular  weekly  issue  never  falls  below 

sixty  pages,  but  runs 
at  seventy-two  pages 
a   large    part  of   the 
time ;    and    it  some- 
times reaches  a  hun- 
dred.   Its  circulation 
and    influence    have 
fully  kept  pace  with 
its     mechanical     ex- 
pansion, until  now  it 
reaches    each    week 
practically  the  entire 
trade    in   every    sec- 
tion of  the  country, 
penetrating    the    re- 
mo  t  e  s  t  hamlets  o  f 
N  e  w  E  n  g  1  a  n  d.    It 
was   with    the    New 
England  Grocer  that 
the   idea  of  forming 
a    grocers'     associa- 
tion  originated,  and 
to-day  flourishing  or- 
ganizations   exist    in 
nearly    e\ery   impor- 
tant     city     in     the 
United  States.      Mr. 
Johnson    is    a  m  p  1  y 
qualified  for  the  work 
to  which  he  devotes 
his    life.     He    has    a 
thoroughly  practical  knowledge  of  the  business  in  all  its 
branches,  and  is  active,  energetic,  enterprising  and  pro- 
gressive.    In  October,   1890,  a  stock  company,  under 
the  title  of  the  New  England  Retail  Grocers'  Publishing 
Company  was  formed,   the    idea  being  to    extend    the 
influence  and  usefulness  of  the  paper.     Of  the  present 
prosperous    corporation    Mr.    Johnson    was    appointed 
the  general  manager,  a  position  which  he  holds  at  the 
present  time. 


BOSTON. 


241 


SAMUEL  ROADS,  JR.,  was  born  in  Marblehead,  Mass., 
Oct.  22,  1853.  He  is  tlie  eldest  son  of  Samuel 
and  Emma  L.  (Woodfin)  Roads,  and  is  the  sixth  of 
the  name  in  direct  descent  from  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  that  town.  His  family  traces  its  lineage  back 
to  several  of  the  most  prominent  families  of  New  England, 
Dr.  Elisha  Story,  an  eminent  physician  and  surgeon  in 
the  Continental  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution, 
being  one  of  his  ancestors.  Captain  John  Harris,  who 
commanded  the  ship 
in  which  one  of  the 
first  emissaries  of  the 
Continental  Congress 
w  a  s  conveyed  to 
France  during  the 
Re\olution,  and  who 
subsequently  lost  his 
life  in  the  patriot 
cause,  was  another. 
Major  John  Ruddock, 
a  prominent  ship- 
builder, selectman 
of  Boston,  and  a 
conspicuous  charac- 
ter during  the  colo- 
nial era,  is  included 
in  the  list,  as  are 
also  the  Ornes,  the 
Roundys  and  Wood- 
fins  of  Marblehead, 
families  well-known 
among  the  sturdy 
yeomanry  of  that  his- 
toric old  town.  Mr. 
Roads  received  his 
early  education  i  n 
the  public  schools. 
He  early  develo])ed 
a  literary  talent  and 
a  taste  for  journal- 
ism, in  which  latter  profession  he  has  become  widely 
known.  Before  coming  of  age  he  demonstrated  his 
ability  in  this  line  of  work  in  the  conduct  of  a  local 
paper  published  in  his  native  town.  He  soon  formed 
connections  with  the  Boston  Post,  Boston  Globe,  and 
other  metropolitan  papers,  and  has  since  been  engaged 
in  this  and  other  literary  work.  Mr.  Roads  is  the 
author  of  the  interesting  and  widely  read  "  History 
and  Traditions  of   Marblehead,"   a  work  published  by 


MM^^:^^^ 


m  ^ 


SAMUEL    ROADS,   JR 


Houghton,  Osgood  &  Co.,  in  1880,  which  has  been 
aptly  termed  by  reviewers  "  a  model  history  of  an 
American  town."  His  first  public  office  was  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Abbot  Public  Library 
of  Marblehead,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1883.  In 
November  of  that  year  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  served  by  continuous 
re-elections  during  the  sessions  of  1884,  1885  and  1S86. 
In  1S87  and  1888  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate, 

representing    the 
second    Essex    d  i  s- 
trict,  comprising  the 
city    of    Salem    and 
the  towns  of  Marble- 
head    and     Beverly. 
The     district    has    a 
large       Republican 
majority,    but     Mr. 
Roads,     though     a 
Democrat     in     poli- 
tics,   was    twice 
elected   by  phenom 
enal    majorities.     In 
1888  he  received  the 
honor    of    a    unani- 
m  o  u  s      nomination 
for  representative  in 
Congress     by     the 
Democrats     of      the 
seventh     congres- 
sional   district,    and 
though    defeated    at 
the  polls  after  a  most 
spirited      contest, 
demonstrated       h  i  s 
popularity  as  s  can- 
didate   by   receiving 
nearly  one  thousand 
votes    ahead   of    his 
party    ticket.     Mr. 
Roads  has  shown  marked  ability  in  the  public  positions 
to  which  he  has  been  called,  and  while  in  the  Legisla- 
ture was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  members  of 
his  party.     He  commanded  respect   and  won  merited 
encomiums  for  his  strength  and  force  as  a  debater,  and 
the  tact  and  talent  exhibited  in  the  management  of  the 
many  important   measures    in  which   he    took  a  lively 
interest.     In     1891     he    was    appointed    private    sec- 
retary to  the  governor,  a  position  which  he  still  holds. 


242 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THK  oldest  newspaper  editor  in  New  England,  and 
perhaps  in  America  to-day,  is  Patrick  Donahoe, 
owner  of  the  Boston  Pilot.  His  life  has  been  a  long 
series  of  successes  and  reverses,  of  struggles  and  victo- 
ries, until  to-day  he  stands  at  the  head  of  the  most 
influential,  among  the  distinctively  Catholic,  newspapers 
of  the  United  States,  and  is  the  most  respected  and 
widely  known  among  the  Irish  American  newspaper 
men  of  this  Republic.  Thoroughly,  though  not  obtru- 
sively Irish  and  Cath- 
olic in  his  opinions, 
he  enjoys  the  good- 
will and  esteem  of 
his  fellow-c  i  ti  ze  ns 
and  countrymen 
without  distinction 
of  creed,  and  is 
looked  upon  as  one 
of  the  best  and 
truest  types  of  his 
race  and  religion. 
Mr.  Donahoe  is 
seventy-seven  years 
old,  having  been 
born  in  Mummery, 
parish  of  Kilmore, 
County  Ca\'an,  Ire- 
land, March  17, 
1 81 5.  ^\'hen  a  lad 
he  came  to  Boston, 
and  learned  the 
type-setting  business 
in  the  office  of  the 
Columbian  Ceiitinel. 
Soon  after  he  took 
charge,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  Deve- 
reaux,  of  a  paper 
called  the  yesuit, 
which  had  been  pub 

lished  for  a  short  time  by  Bishop  Fenwick,  and  changed 
its  name  to  the  Literary  ami  Caf/iolic  .Sciitiiicl.  Later 
on,  in  1836,  Messrs.  Donahoe  and  Devereaux  estab- 
lished the  Pilot,  which  after  more  than  half  a  century 
of  existence,  is  still  the  great  exponent  of  Catholic 
doctrines  in  New  England.  By  Mr.  Donahoe's  exer- 
tions the  Pilot  was  made  an  extraordinary  success,  and 
so  it  remained  up  to  the  disastrous  fire  of  1872,  when 
Mr.  Donahoe's  splendid  building  and  i)rinting  materials 


PATRICK    DONAHOE 


were  destroyed  a  second  time,  resulting  in  a  loss  to  him 
of  §300,000.  Soon  after  he  was  burned  out  a  third 
time.  The  panic  followed,  and  the  friends  who  had 
loaned  him  money  were  compelled,  reluctantly,  to  with- 
draw their  assistance  from  him.  But  with  sublime  faith 
in  the  goodness  of  Providence,  he  placed  his  property 
at  the  disposal  of  his  creditors,  although  it  had  so  depre- 
ciated in  value  that  it  did  not  realize  anything  near  its 
proper   value.     Archbishop   Williams   and   John   Boyle 

O'Reilly,  however, 
purchased  the  entire 
plant  of  the  Pilot, 
between  them,  and 
Mr.  Donahoe's 
creditors  were  paid 
off  in  yearly  instal- 
ments. The  national 
fame  of  the  Pilot 
was  maintained,  and 
its  circulation 
increased,  under  the 
editorship  of  the 
lamented  O'Reilly, 
until,  on  his  death,  it 
once  more  passed 
into  the  hands  of 
the  man  who  had 
founded  it,  and  is 
to-day  conducted  by 
him  with  all  the  fire 
and  enthusiasm  of  his 
youth.  Fifty  years 
ago  Mr.  Donahoe 
established  a  foreign 
exchange  and  pas- 
senger agency  which 
he  still  conducts, 
and  in  1878  founded 
"  Donahoe's  Monthly 
Magazine,"  which 
has  attained  wide  circulation  and  popularity.  It  has 
recently  passed  into  other  hands.  Mr.  Donahoe  was 
twice  married;  first  in  1836,  and  again  in  1853.  One 
son,  Mr.  Chrysostom  P.  Donahoe,  survives,  of  the  first 
marriage,  while  of  the  three  sons  and  a  daughter,  the 
offspring  of  the  second  marriage,  perhaps  the  best 
known  is  Mr.  J.  Frank  Donahoe,  organist  of  the  Cathe- 
dral of  the  Holy  Cross,  a  prime  favorite  in  Boston's 
musical  circles. 


BOSTON. 


243 


REV.    DENNIS     O'CALLAGHAN,    pastor    of    St. 
.Augustine's  Church,  South  Boston,  Mass.,  is  one 
of  the  most  able  and  eloquent  priests  in   New  England, 
while  he  has  as  well  that  cordiality  of  manner  that  wins 
the   love   of   his   own    people    and    the  respect   of   all. 
Father  O'Callaghan  was  born  in  Ireland  about  fifty-three 
years    ago,  but   when    he  was  very   young   his  parents 
emigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in  Salem,  Mass., 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  received   his  early  edu- 
cation.      Later   he 
entered    St.    Charles 
College,    near    Balti- 
more, Maryland,  and 
from  thence  went  to 
St.  Mary's  Seminary, 
Mt.  St.  Mary's,  Mary- 
land, where  he  com- 
pleted his  theological 
studies,    being    or- 
dained priest  by  the 
late    A  r  c  h  b  i  s  h  o  ]) 
Bayley,  of  Baltimore, 
June    29,    1865. 
Coming  immediately 
to     Boston,     Father 
O'Callaghan     served 
for  two  years  as  as- 
sistant priest  of  SS. 
Peter  and    Paul's 
Church,  South    Bos- 
ton,   at    the    end    of 
which    time    the 
Catholic    population 
had    grown    to    such 
proportions  as  to  de- 
mand  the  formation 
of  another  parish  in 
that  district.    There- 
fore to  Father  O'Cal- 
laghan    was    com- 
mitted the  task  of  organizing  and  caring  for  the  new 
parish,  and  he   entered   upon   the  work  kwg.  22,  1868. 
The  only  place  of  worship  available  for  the  new  congre- 
gation was  the  little  mortuary  chapel  of  St.  Augustine, 
which,  for  the  second   time  in  its  history,  had   to  serve 
the  purposes  of  a  parish  until  such  time  as  more  suitable 
accommodation  was  provided.     Father  O'Callaghan  has 
that  happy  faculty  of  winning  the  hearty  co-operation  of 
his  people,  because  he  believes  in  them  and  they  in  him. 


DENNIS    O'CALLAGHAN 


and  it  was  not  long  before  pastor  and  people  set  to 
work  unitedly  and  enthusiastically  to  provide  themselves 
with  a  parish  church  and  property  in  every  way  credit- 
able to  them.  This  united  work  crystallized  in  the  pur- 
chase of  the  land  on  Dorchester  Street,  and  the  erection 
thereon  of  the  magnificent  church,  costing  over  two 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  which  is  one  of 
the  most  attractive  and  beautiful  in  the  State,  con- 
structed  of  brick,  with  granite  trimmings,  and  of  the 

Gothic  order  of   ar- 
chitecture.     This 
beautiful  church  was 
dedicated    .Aug.    30, 
1874,  and  two  years 
later,  being  entirely 
out  of   debt,   it   en- 
tered the  list  of  the 
very  few  consecrated 
churches  in  the  city 
of  Boston.     In  addi- 
tion  to  this  church, 
through  the  labors  of 
Father   O'Callaghan, 
the    parish    enjoys  a 
beautiful      parochial 
residence,   and  a 
splendid  parish  hall, 
the    latter    built    in 
1 888,  at   a   cost    of 
thirty-five    thousand 
dollars.      The    inde- 
fatigable    pastor     is 
now  engaged  in  the 
erection  of  a  schoo' 
building,   which  will 
be  one  of  the   finest 
in  the  State,  and  will 
cost  upwards  of  one 
hundred      thousand. 
As     a    preacher. 
Father  O'Callaghan's  fame  extends  far  beyond  the  limits 
of  the  Boston  archdiocese,  and   he  is  in  eager  demand 
when  the   pressure  of   his    parish  duties   admit  of   his 
appearance  outside  his  parish  pulpit.     A  zealous  priest, 
a   broad-minded,    cultured    gentleman,   and    a   public- 
spirited  citizen,  he  is  respected  by  all  classes  of  people 
in  South  Boston,  among  whom  he  has  lived  and  labored 
with  such  distinguished  success  for  more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century. 


244 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


J    EDWARD   ADDICKS,   president   of    the    Boston 
,     Gas  Light  Company,  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Nov.  21,  1 84 1,  son  of  John  E.  C.  O'S.  and  Margretta 
McLeod  (Turner)  Addicks.     He  is  a  lineal  descendant 
of  Donal  O'Sullivan  Beare,  of  Dunboy  Castle,  County 
York,  Ireland.     O'Sullixan  was  chief  of  Beare  and  Ban- 
try,  and  leader  of  the  Minister  forces  in  the  religious 
war  against  Elizabeth.     He  died,  Earl  of  Bearhaven,  in 
1604,  at  the  age  of  fifty-seven,  in  Spain.     Mr.  Addicks 
is    the    grandson    of 
Barbara     O'Sullivan, 
who     married    John 
Edward  Charles  Ad- 
dicks, German    con- 
sul   to    Philadelphia. 
She    was    the    friend 
of  John  Marshall  and 
Daniel  Webster,  and 
wrote,   among   other 
works,  a  series  of  es- 
says on  "  Education, 
treated  as  a  Natural 
Science,"  the  first  of 
which    was    read     at 
the    Franklin    Insti- 
tute, Philadelphia,  in 
January,  1831.     Her 
father   was  Major 
Thomas     Herbert 
O'Sullivan   Beare,   of 
Bearhaven,     Ireland. 
Of    the    same    blood 
was   Owen    Sullivan, 
born  in  Limerick,  in 
1692,  and    father  of 
Major-General    John 
and  Governor  James 
Sullivan,  of   Revolu- 
tionary   fame.      Mr. 
A  d  d  i  c  k  s  '  s    name, 

which  he  uses  only  among  his  books,  is  John  Edward 
Charles  O'Sullivan  Addicks.  He  wears  the  ancient 
family  ring,  cut  with  the  arms  of  O'Sullivan  Beare.  His 
great-great-grandmother  on  his  mother's  side  was  Lady 
Arabella  Galbraith,  of  Scotland,  who  incurred  her  father's 
displeasure  by  marrying  a  plain  gentleman,  a  Mr. 
McNeilus.  They  came  to  this  country  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia.  In  1864  Mr.  .Addicks  married  Laura 
Wattson,   eldest   daughter   of    Washington    and    Mary 


J.    EDWARD   ADDICKS. 


Elizabeth  Butcher,  of  Philadelphia.  By  her  he  had  one 
daughter,  Florence.  Three  years  after  his  wife's  death 
he  married  Rosalie,  second  daughter  of  the  same 
parents.  Mr.  Addicks  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia,  entering  the  high  school  num- 
ber one,  and  graduating  when  fifteen  years  of  age. 
LTntil  he  was  nineteen  years  old  he  was  in  a  wholesale 
dry  goods  house,  when  he  entered  the  flour  business 
of  Levi  Knowles,  and  was  made  a  partner  on  attaining 

his  majority.  The 
energy  which  subse- 
quently characterized 
him  brought  him 
great  success,  mak- 
ing him  the  foremost 
man  in  his  line  in 
Philadelphia,  when, 
three  years  later,  he 
commenced  business 
alone.  He  was  largely 
instrumental  in  intro- 
ducing the  spring 
wheat  flours  of  the 
Minnesota  region  to 
the  Eastern  sea- 
board.  Mr.  Addicks 
afterward  became 
prominent  in  real  es- 
tate operations  in 
Philadelphia.  Early 
in  1877  he  removed 
his  residence  to  Clay- 
mont,  Del.,  a  suburb 
of  Philadelphia,  of 
which  place  he  has 
since  been  a  citizen. 
Shortly  thereafter  his 
attention  was  called 
to  the  use  of  water 
gas  for  illumination, 
then  an  infant  industry.  In  connection  with  this  indus- 
try Mr.  Addicks  has  become  widely  known  throughout 
the  United  States,  and  has  been  closely  identified  with 
its  progress.  He  built  gas  works  in  Jersey  City,  also 
for  the  Consumers'  Gas  Company,  of  Chicago,  the  lat- 
ter leading  to  the  formation  of  the  well  known  Chicago 
Gas  Trust.  In  1884  the  Bay  State  Gas  Company  of 
Boston  was  organized,  Mr.  Addicks  being  its  originator 
and  the  first  to  establish  water  gas  works  in  that  city. 


BOSTON. 


H5 


^f?t 


HENRY  MELVILLE  WHITNEY  is  the  president  of 
the  \Vest  End  Street  Kaihvay  Company  of   Bos- 
ton—  a  system   more    comprehensive    than   any  other 
street  raihvay  system  in  the  world.     He  was  born  in  the 
small  town  of  Conway,  Franklin  County,  Mass.,  Oct.  22, 
1839.     At  that  time  his  father,  deneral  James  S.  Whit- 
ney, kept  an  old-fashioned  store,     (ieneral  Whitney  was 
a  Democrat  of   the  Jacksonian    school,  and  the  idol  of 
his    community.      His   vote    when    in    the    Legislature 
decided  the  election 
of   Charles    Sumner 
to  the  LTnited  States 
Senate;    subse- 
quently,  from   1854 
to  i860,  he  was  su- 
perintendent  of  the 
United  States  Armory 
at    Springfield,    and 
was  then   appointed 
collector  of  the  port 
of  Boston.  His  death 
occurred    O  c  t .    2  4 , 
1878.     Young  Whit- 
ney's home  was  made 
happy  and  charming 
by  the  presence  of  a 
good    mother,  L  a  u  - 
rinda    (Collins) 
Whitney,  who  is  still 
living.     He  acquired 
the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools*  which  he 
completed    with    a 
course    of    study   a  t 
Williston     Seminary, 
at  E  a  s  t  h  a  m  p  t  o  n  . 
Shortly  after  the   re- 
moval of   his    father 
from    Springfield   he 

returned  to  Conway  as  clerk  in  the  Conway  Bank,  which 
position  he  held  for  three  years.  In  i860  his  parents 
removed  to  Boston,  where  General  Whitney  became 
identified  with  important  enterprises  ;  notably  the  Bos- 
ton Water  Power  Company  and  the  Metropolitan  Steam- 
ship Company.  The  son  in  the  meantime  had  passed 
two  years  in  the  Bank  of  Redemption,  some  time  as  a 
clerk  in  the  Naval  Agent's  office,  and  afterwards  was 
engaged    in   the    shipping   business    in   New  York.     In 


A 


HENRY    M.    WHITNEY, 


1866  he  became  Boston  agent  of  the  Metropolitan 
Steamship  Company,  and  in  1870,  after  he  had  obtained 
possession  of  the  stock  which  had  depreciated  in  value, 
he  became  president,  a  position  which  he  still  holds. 
From  that  time  Mr.  Whitney  has  been  regarded  as  a 
keen  and  far-seeing  business  man.  In  1886  Mr.  Whit- 
ney quietly  purchased  large  tracts  of  land  along  the  line 
of  Beacon  Street,  Brookline.  He  invested  nearly  a  mil- 
lion himself  and  formed  a  syndicate,  which  has  resulted 

i  n   the    building   o  f 
one  of  the  most  beau- 
tiful suburban  boule- 
vards in  the  country. 
The   scheme    was 
financially  very   suc- 
cessful. Mr.  Whitney 
was  next  instrumen- 
tal in    building    the 
railway  connecting 
Boston    and    Brook- 
line,  which  was  called 
the  West  End  Street 
Railway.      His    next 
great   achievement 
was  the  consolidating 
of  this    system    with 
all  the  street  railways 
centering  in  Boston, 
forming   a    splendid 
system,  of  which  he 
is  the  efficient  head. 
His  study  of  the  elec- 
tric systems  for  street 
cars,  and    the    adop- 
tion   of  the    trolley 
system    in  B-oston, 
with  the  result  of  the 
appreciation  of   sub- 
urban   property   one 
hundred  per   cent, 
are  matters  of  record.     Mr.  Whitney  is  also  president  of 
the  Neverslip  Horse  Shoe  and  Hancock  Inspirator  com- 
panies, trustee  of   the  West  End    Land  Company,  and 
chairman  of  the  Board  of  Park  Commissioners  of  Brook- 
line.     Mr.  \Vhitney  owns  a  magnificent  place  on  Jerusa- 
lem Road,    Cohasset,  but   makes   Brookline    his  home. 
In  this  town  he  met  Miss  Margaret  Foster  Green,  whom 
he  married  in  1878.     This  union  was  blessed  with  a  son 
and  four  daughters. 


246 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  colossal  express  business  of  the  United  States 
had  its  birthplace  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  de- 
veloped  by   the  genius  of  Alvin   Adams.     Mr.   Adams 
was  born  in  Andover,  Vt.,  June  16,  1804,  where  he  lived 
until  his  parents  died,  when  he  was  eight  years  of  age. 
He  was  then  cared  for  by  an  elder  brother,  a  farmer, 
until  sixteen  years  old,  when  he  obtained  permission  to 
seek  his  own  living.     He  went  to  Woodstock,  at  that 
time  a  gre_at  centre  of  travel  by  stages,  where  he  re- 
mained   about    four 
years,  and  then  came 
to   Boston.     He   en- 
gaged    in     business 
ventures  with  varying 
success  until,  in  1840, 
he  started  the  express 
business     that    has 
since  borne  his  name. 
There    was    another 
in    the    field,    and 
friends    advised    the 
venturesome    Adams 
that  he  would  surely 
fail    in    his   scheme, 
for   there   could  not 
be  sufficient  business 
between  Boston  and 
New    York    for   two 
lines ;    but    he    fore- 
saw the  great  possi- 
bilities in  the  enter- 
prise and  devoted  all 
his  energy  to  increase 
them.       Previous  to 
the  existence  of  ex- 
press  companies, 
those  who  had  occa- 
sion to  send  packages 
or  valuables  to  other 
places  entrusted  them 

to  the  care  of  acquaintances  or  friends,  whom  they  bur- 
dened with  the  responsibility  of  delivery.  It  was  a 
daily  sight  at  the  stations  to  see  would-be  senders 
searching  for  i)assengers  willing  to  accommodate  them 
by  taking  i:harge  of  their  parcels.  Mr.  Adams' a]3]jrecia- 
ted  the  absurdity  of  this  old-fashioned  system  and  set 
resolutely  to  work  to  reform  it.  He  seized  his  oppor- 
tunity and,  starting  with  limited  patronage,  gradually 
won  the  confidence  of  the  people  and  concentrated  in 


himself  the  business  of  forwarding  for  all.  The  first 
express  to  New  York  left  Boston,  May  4,  1840.  The 
convenience  was  soon  appreciated  by  the  public,  and  in 
a  short  time  he  was  entrusted  with  goods  by  merchants 
and  money  packages  by  banks.  He  associated  himself 
with  Elphraim  Farnsworth,  under  the  name  of  Adams  & 
Co.  Farnsworth  took  charge  of  the  New  York  office, 
but  soon  retired,  and  was  succeeded  by  William  B. 
Dinsmore,  a  valued  friend  of  Mr.  Adams  and  a  zealous 

officer  of  the  com- 
pany. For  several 
years  the  business 
was  limited  to  Bos- 
ton, Norwich,  New 
London  and  New 
York  City.  In  1850 
the  line  was  ex- 
tended to  Califor- 
nia, with  agencies  in 
every  town  and  camp. 
It  increased  so  rapid- 
ly, that  in  1854  the 
Adams  Express  Com- 
pany was  formed  by 
the  union  of  Adams 
&:  Co.,  Harnden  & 
Co.,  Thompson  & 
Co.  and  Kinsley  & 
Co.,  with  Alvin 
Adams  as  president. 
During  the  Civil  War 
the  Adams  Express 
Company  was  of 
great  assistance  to 
the  government  in 
forwarding  military 
supplies,  and  was  the 
recognized  agent  for 
transporting  all  go\- 
ernment  securities 
and  money.  Its  emjiloyees  were  at  the  front  to  receive 
from  soldiers  their  pay,  and  take  it  to  their  families  and 
friends.  The  comi)any  employs  about  nine  thousand 
five  hundred  men,  and  owns  three  thousand  horses  and 
two  thousand  wagons.  Its  offices  number  about  six 
thousand,  and  its  mileage  is  about  forty-five  thousand. 
Mr.  Adams  died  Sept.  i,  1877,  at  Watertown,  Mass., 
which  had  been  his  place  of  residence  for  very  many 
years. 


ALVIN    ADAMS. 


BOSTON. 


H7 


FOR    twenty-eight    years  —  from     i860    to    1888 —      Baltimore    convention    was    chosen    secretary    of    the 
Frederick    Octavius    Prince    was   a   conspicuous      National  Democratic  Committee,  a  position  which  he 
figure    in    every  national  Democratic   convention,   and      continued  to   hold  until   1888.     Although   unanimously 
for  a  still  longer  period  he  has  been  actively  identified      elected  in  that  year,  he  resigned,  receiving  a  resolution 
with  many  important  public  interests  of  Boston  and  of      of  thanks  for  the   "  unflagging  zeal   and   distinguished 
the  Commonwealth.     He  was  born  in  Boston,  Jan.   18,      ability"  with  which  he   had  served.     In    1876  he  was 
1818,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  CaroHne  Prince.     Enter-      nominated  for  mayor  by  the  Democrats  of  Boston,  and 
ing  the  Boston  Latin  School  in   1827,  he  was  graduated      although  his  party  was  in  the  minority,  he  was  elected, 
in  1832,  receiving  the   Franklin  medal  and  two   other      Renominated  the  following  year,  he   was  only  defeated 
medals    for   scholar- 
ship.    He  then  ma- 
triculated   at    Har- 
vard, from  which  he 
graduated     in    1S36, 
being  the  class  poet 
and  secretary.     The 
following    year    he 
began   the    study   of 
law  in    the  office  of 
Franklin  De.xter  and 
William  H.  Gardiner, 
Boston,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Suffolk 
bar   in     1840.     He 
soon  began  to   take 
part  in  active  politi- 
cal  life    and    allied 
himself   with    the 
Whig    party.     In 
1848    he  established 
his    residence    in 
Winchester,    and    in 
1851,  1852  and  1853 
represented  that  dis- 
trict  in    the    Massa- 
chusetts    House     of 
Re  p  r  e  s  e  n  t  a  t  i  V  e  s, 
where  his  stirring 
appeals    for  political 
reform     soon    estab- 
lished his  reputation.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Con-      uted  not  a  little  to  the  successful  completion  of  Boston's 
stitutional  Convention  in   1853,  and  in  the   same  year      improved   sewerage  system.     The   handsome   buildings 
was  elected  to   the   State  Senate.     In    i860,  upon  the      of  the  high  and  Latin  schools  were  also  erected  through 
disruption  of   the    Whig   party,  Mr.  Prince  transferred      his  influence.     In  1885  he  was  nominated  for  governor, 
his   allegiance    to    the    Democracy,  and  was  sent  as  a      but  was   defeated  on  a  strictly  party  vote.     Mr.  Prince 
delegate    to   the    National    Democratic   Convention   in      has  long  been  a  trustee  of  the   Boston  Public  Library, 
Charleston.     When   the   convention  broke  up,  without      and  in  18S8  was  appointed  to  the  board  that  had  exclu- 
agreeing   upon    a   presidential   candidate,    Mr.    Prince      sive  control  of  the  construction  of  the  new  library.     To 
adhered   to  the  Douglas  wing  of  the  party  and  at  the      this  great  work  he   is  now  giving  his  whole  attention. 


FREDERICK   0.    PRINCE, 


after  a  hotly  con- 
tested election.  In 
1878  he  was  re- 
elected mayor,  and 
in  the  three  follow- 
ing years  was  re- 
turned to  the  same 
office.  He  declined 
a  renomination  in 
1882.  His  adminis- 
tration of  the  city 
g  o  \'  e  r  n  m  e  n  t  was 
notable  in  many 
respects.  He  was 
unwearied  in  his 
efforts  to  r  e  f  o  r  m 
municipal  expendi- 
tures, and  during  his 
first  term  of  office 
succeeded  in  reduc- 
ing expenses  more 
than  half  a  million 
dollars.  He  was 
energetic  in  his 
efforts  to  secure  a 
system  of  public 
parks  for  thf  city, 
and  its  final  adop- 
tion and  subsequent 
layout  are  largely  due 
to  him.     Hecontrib- 


248 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


PROBABLY  no  practitioner  of    medicine   and    sur- 
gery   has    a    wider    acquaintance,    locally,    than 
Medical    Examiner   Francis   Augustine    Harris,   of   the 
northern  district  of   Suffolk  Count)',  which  includes  the 
West  and  North  Ends  of  Boston,  Charlestown,  Chelsea, 
Revere     and    Winthrop.      He    was    born    in    Ashland, 
Mass.,  March  5,  1S45.  His  early  education  was  obtained 
there  and  at  Rindge,  N.  H.,  where  he  for  a  time  lived 
with  his  grandparents.     He  afterwards  resided  with  his 
father,  a  practitioner 
of    medicine    at   Ar- 
il n  g  t  o  n    (formerly 
West      Cambridge), 
Mass.    He  f  i  1 1  e  d 
for    college   at    the 
Boston  Eatin  School 
and   matriculated    in 
1862   and  was  grad- 
uated  from   Har\ard 
in        1866.        He 
studied   medicine 
in  the  Harvard  Med- 
ical School,  receiving 
his  degree  in    1872. 
While  engaged  in  the 
study  of  medicine  he 
served  as  a  master  in 
the    Boston     Latin 
School    three    years, 
and  in  187 1  was  sur- 
gical house  officer  at 
the      Massachusetts 
General  Hospital. 
He  afterward  passed 
a  year  in   the  study 
of   his   profession  in 
the    hospital    at 
\'ienna.    He    was 
demonstrator  of 
medico-legal    exami- 
nations  in  the   Harvard  Medical  School  for  a  number 
of  years.     At  Harvard  he  was  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity ball   nine,  the   first   one   at  the  college.      Among 
his  classmates  were  William  Blaikie,  the   noted  athlete 
who  stroked   the   University  boat  to  victory  and  subse- 
quently  wrote    a    treatise     on    college    athletics ;    Dr. 
Charles  Brigham,  of  San  Francisco  ;  Moorfield  Storey,  of 
Boston,    and    others    who    have    achieved    prominence. 
1  )r.    Harris   was   also  for  a  number  of  years   professor 


FRANCIS    A.    HARRIS 


of  surgery  in  the  Boston  Dental  College.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society  and  the 
Medico-Legal  Society.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
members  of  the  celebrated  Papyrus  Club,  a  social  organ- 
ization of  editorial  and  other  writers,  a  distinguished 
coterie,  which  included  Dr.  Francis  H.  LInderwood, 
Henry  M.  Rogers,  John  Boyle  O'Reilly,  Dr.  Robert  D. 
Joyce,  Alexander  Young  and  George  M.  Towle.  He  was 
president  of  the  club   in    1882   and   is   still  a  member, 

taking  an  active  part 
in  its  meetings.     He 
is  a  member  of  the 
St.   Botolph  Club, 
another  organization 
of  artists  and  littera- 
teurs,   and    he    was 
also  one  of  the  found- 
ers  of    the    LTniver- 
sity    Club.     A    lover 
of  the  drama,  he  has 
devoted  some   of  his 
leisure  hours  to  play- 
writing.     Among  his 
jjroductions  are 
"  Chums,"      "  Class- 
day,"  "  A  Majority  of 
One,"  "The  Ameri- 
can   Claimant,"   and 
"  My  Son,"  the  latter 
having  an    extensive 
run    at     the    Boston 
Museum  and  at  Wal- 
lack's  in  New  York, 
and   being    played 
through  the  country 
by  the  late  John  Ray- 
mond.    The  leading 
role  of  this  play, 
"Herr  Weigel," 
afforded    the    la- 
mented   William    Warren    the   opportunity  for   one   of 
the   finest  efforts    of   his  later   years.     Dr.    Harris   has 
contributed    very   much   to  the  periodical  literature  of 
the  day.     In   addition   to   his  official  duties,  which  are 
arduous  and  dangerous,  so  much  so  that  in    1880    he 
nearly  lost  his  life  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty,  he  has  a 
not  inconsiderable  private  practice.     With  an  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  many  causes  of  death,  his  services  are 
often  sought  as  expert  in  the  courts  of  law. 


BOSTON. 


249 


WILLIAM  H.  HILL,  one  of  the  leading  financiers 
of  Boston,  has  made  his  own  fortune  and  has 
secured  an  honorable  name  among  the  enterprising, 
successful  and  reliable  men  of  affairs  in  the  city  of  his 
birth.  He  was  born  in  Boston  July  14,  1838,  and  was 
the  only  son  of  William  H.  and  Abby  F.  (Remich)  Hill. 
His  father  was  a  well-known  merchant,  who  for  many 
years  maintained  a  high  standing  in  the  business  com- 
munity of  Boston,  and  was  widely  honored  for  his 
sagacity  and  integ- 
rity. Mr.  Hill  at- 
tended public  and 
private  schools  in 
Boston  and  Roxbury, 
and  graduated  from 
the  Ro.xbury  High 
School.  He  early 
entered  business  life, 
taking  a  position  as 
clerk  in  the  publish- 
ing house  of  Sanborn, 
Carter  &  Bazin,  and 
continuing  with  their 
successors.  Brown, 
Taggard  &  Chase. 
At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  Mr.  Hill  became 
a  partner  in  the  firm 
of  Chase,  Nichols  & 
Hill,  publishers.  Two 
years  later  he  retired 
from  this  firm,  con- 
tinuing, however,  in 
the  book  and  pub 
lishing  business, 
under  his  own  name 
for  a  period  of  six 
years,  until  the  spring 
of  1869.  On  the  first 
of  November  in  that 

year,  the  present  banking  house  of  Richardson,  Hill  & 
Co.  was  established,  and  has  ever  since  occupied  a  place 
in  the  foremost  rank  of  Boston's  private  banking  institu- 
tions. Its  offices  are  now  located  in  the  Simmons 
Building  on  Water  Street.  Besides  attending  to  the 
duties  of  his  large  and  growing  business,  Mr.  Hill  is  also 
a  trustee  of  several  estates,  and  is  mterested,  as  presi- 
dent or  director,  in  many  important  corporations.  He 
is  president  and  general  manager  of  the  Boston  &  Ban- 


gor Steamship  Company ;  is   a  director   of  the  Boston 
Merchants'  Association  ;  a  member  of  the  Boston  Cham- 
ber  of   Commerce,   the    Boston   Stock    Exchange,  the 
Bostonian  Society  and  the  Bunker  Hill  Monument  .Asso- 
ciation.    As  president  or  as  director,  he  is  prominently 
identified  with   the  following  corporations  ;  the  United 
States  Rubber  Company,  the  Boston  Marine  Insurance 
Company,  the  First  National  Bank  of  Boston,  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Adams,  Mass.,  the  Assabet  Manufactur- 
ing   Company,    the 
Windsor    Mills,    the 
International  Steam- 
ship  Company,  the 
Brookline  Gas  Light 
Company,    the    Citi- 
zens'   Gas    Light 
Company,  of  Quincy, 
Mass.,  and  numerous 
^^^  o  th  e  r  corporations. 

^^^^^  VW  His  time  and  atten- 

m^^F^  tion  are  thus  wholly 

■^  employed.     Mr.  Hill 


WILLIAM    H.    HILL 


does  not,  however, 
allow  the  cares  of  an 
active  business  ca- 
reer to  interfere  with 
the  amenities  of  so- 
cial and  family  life. 
He  is  a  member  of 
many  clubs,  includ- 
ing the  Algoncjuin, 
the  Boston  Athletic 
Association,  the 
Brookline,  the  Coun- 
try, the  Colonial,  the 
I  Exchange,   the    Tar- 

^  ratine,  the  Oasis  and 

various  others.  Mr. 
Hill  has  been  singu- 
larly fortunate  in  his 
business  ventures,  and  his  success  is  wholly  due  to  him- 
self. He  was  married  in  Boston,  Jan.  8,  1863,  to  Sarah 
E.,  daughter  of  William  B.  and  Susan  J.  (Warren)  May. 
Their  children  are  :  Warren  May,  Harold  St.  James, 
Marion,  Clarence  Harvey,  Spencer  Richardson,  Ernest 
Lawrence,  William  Henry  Reginald,  Donald  Mackay, 
Barbara,  Philip  Sanford  and  Kenneth  .Amory  Hill,  of 
whom  Harold,  Barbara  and  Philip  are  deceased.  Mr. 
Hill's  residence  is  in  Brookline,  Mass. 


250 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


MASSACHUSETTS  is  rich  in  men  vvlio  have  distin- 
guished themselves  in  their  youth.     In  the  cate- 
gory of  her  bright  young  manhood  she  numbers  Charles 
Sumner    Hamlin.     The    Hamlin  family  has   long   been 
honorably  identified  with  the  public  life  of  New  Eng- 
land.    The  Hon.  Hannibal  Hamlin  was  Vice-President 
of  the  United  States  in  the  hour  of  the  Nation's  greatest 
peril,  and  his  name  in  history  is  indissolubly  connected 
with  that  of  the  great  Lincoln.     1  iving  to  see  the  coun- 
t  r  y      reconstructed, 
happy,     united    and 
prosperous,    his    ca- 
reer as  a  public  man, 
well    rounded    a  n  d 
honorable,    has    but 
recently   drawn  to  a 
close.     This    unique 
and    rugged   N  e  w 
England      statesman 
was  a  cousin  of  Ed- 
ward   Sumner   Ham- 
lin  (the   father   of 
Charles  S.  Hamlin), 
a   direct  descendant 
of    Major    Eleazer 
Hamlin,  of  Harwich, 
who    commanded    a 
regiment  in  the  War 
of     the    Revolution. 
Edward  Sumner 
Hamlin     was     num- 
bered   among     Bos- 
ton's    most     promi- 
nent   merchants. 
His    son,    Charles 
Sumner  Hamlin,  was 
born  in  Boston,  .\ug. 
30,     1861.     He     re- 
ceived his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  public 

schools  of  Boston,  and  afterwards  attended  the  Rox- 
bury  Latin  School,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  1879.  He  entered  Harvard  University,  graduating  in 
the  class  of  1883,  receiving  the  degree  of  bachelor  of 
arts;  he  next  entered  the  Harvard  Law  School  and  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  bachelor  of  laws  in  1886.  In  the 
same  year  he  received  the  degree  of  master  of  arts. 
Mr.  Hamlin  devotes  himself  to  the  practice  of  law  as  a 
profession,   and   his  large    practice    continues  to  make 


CHARLES    S.    HAMLIN 


increasing  demands  upon  his  time.     He   has    entered 
into  partnership  with  Mr.  Marcus  Morton,  the  law  firm 
being  Morton  &  Hamlin,  with  ofifices  in  the  Equitable 
Building,   Boston.     Mr.    Hamlin    is   a    member   of   the 
Suffolk  bar.     He  has  devoted  much  time  to  public  ques- 
tions and  has  written  and  published  much  upon  political 
and  financial  sulijects,  the  question  of  tariff  legislation 
being  one   to  which   he   has   devoted   much    time  and 
study.     He  is  a  prolific  as  well  as  lucid  writer,  and  pos- 
sesses the    power   of 
putting   a  seemingly 
dry  subject  in  a  sim- 
ple, attractive    light. 
At     the     Massachu- 
setts     Democratic 
Stale      Convention 
held  at  Boston,  1892, 
Mr.    Hamlin    was 
nominated      by     ac- 
clamation   for   the 
office  of  Secretary  of 
State.     Mr.    Hamlin 
is  a  member  of  many 
public  bodies.     He  is 
secretary  of  the  New 
England   Tariff    Re- 
form League  :  chair- 
man   of   the   finance 
committee    of     the 
Massachusetts   Dem- 
ocratic   State    Com- 
mittee ;  a  member  of 
the   executive    com- 
mittee of  the  'S'oung 
Men's       Democratic 
Club    of    Massachu- 
setts ;    a  member  of 
the       Massachusetts 
Reform  Club;    a 
member  of  the  Civil 
Service  League,  and  of  the  New  York  Reform  Club.     In 
addition   to  his   political  affiliations  Mr.  Hamlin   gives 
some  attention  to  the  social  side  of  life.     He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  the  University  Club. 
In  addition  to  this  he  has  a  membership  in  the  Puritan, 
Longwood  and  F:xchange  clubs  ;  is  an  active  member  of 
that  famous  musical  society,  the  Apollo  Club,  and  many 
other  social  and  charitable  organizations.     Mr.  Hamlin's 
public  career  has  been  launched  with  exceptional  vigor. 


BOSTON. 


251 


THE    John   P.   Lovell  Arms  Company  of   Boston   is  department  commander  in  1882.     He  was  aide-de-camp 

known  wherever  sporting  goods  and  bicycles  are  to  General  John  C.  Robinson,  commander-in-chief   of 

sold  and  used.     Colonel  Benjamin  S.  Lovell,  the  treas-  the  National  Encampment  of  1877  and  187S.     He  was 

urer  of  the  corporation,  is  in  the  front  rank  of  Boston's  also  a  delegate  to  the   National  Encampment  of  1886; 

businessmen.     He  was  born  in  East  Weymouth,  Mass.,  a  member  of  the   Council   of  .Administration  of   1887; 

July  10,  1844,  and  was  the  son  of  John  P.  and  Lydia  served  on  the  staff  of  General  .Alger  in  1889,  and  was  a 

(Dyer)  Lovell.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  member  of  General  Palmer's  staff  in  1892.     During  the 

of  Weymouth.     Imbued  with  the  patriotic  spirit  of  his  administrations  of  Governor  John  D.  Long,  in  1880, 1881 

sires,  he   enlisted    in   Company  .\,    Forty-second  ^Regi-  and  1S82,  Colonel    Lovell  was  a  member  of  His  Excel- 


ment,  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  at  the 
early  age  of  eighteen. 
His  services  under 
"  Old  (ilory  ,"  during 
the  darkest  period 
of  the  great  civil  con- 
flict, is  a  matter  of 
special  pride  to  Colo- 
nel Lovell,  ami  there 
is  a  particularlv  warm 
spot  in  his  heart  for 
all  who  wore  the  blue. 
He  has  been  an  ac- 
tive and  persistent 
worker  for  the  vet- 
erans, in  pressing 
their  claims  for  pen- 
sions, and  has  been 
signally  successful  in 
securing  them.  His 
services  are  always 
at  the  command  of 
his  comrades,  and  he 
has  spent  time  and 
money  without  stint 
in  their  behalf.  He 
joined  Reynolds  Post 
58,  G.  A.  R.,  in  1870, 
was  elected  senior 
vice-commander    till 

1876,  when  he  was  elected  commander  and  held  the 
position  for  fourteen  consecuti\e  years,  jjositively  de- 
clining longer  to  accept  the  office,  on  account  of  the 
growing  demand  of  his  business  upon  his  time.  Not- 
withstanding this,  he  was  re-elected  for  the  fifteenth 
term,  and  only  the  most  persistent   efforts  on  his  part 


BENJAMIN    S.    LOVELL 


lency's  s  t  a  ff.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
Republican  National 
Conventions  of  iSSo, 
1884,  1888  and  1892. 
He  was  also  a  Re- 
]iublican  presidential 
elector  from  Massa- 
chusetts in  1892.  He 
was  for  several  years 
the  chairman  of  the 
\\'eymouth  T  o  w  n 
Committee.  He  was 
in  the  Legislature  of 
1877,  1878,  18S6 
and  1887.  He  served 
on  the  Committee  on 
Mercantile  .A  ff  a  i  rs 
and  on  the  Railroad 
and  Redistricting 
committees  In  the 
session  of  1886  he 
loyally  devoted  his 
time  and  influence 
to  advocating  the 
Soldiers'  Exemption 
Bill,  which  was  then 
being  agitated.  In 
1883  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate 
and  sened  on  the 
following  committees  :  Harbor  and  Public  Lands,  Mili- 
tarv  Affairs,  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and  Troy  &  Greenfield 
Railroad.  He  is  prominent  in  Masonic  and  Odd  Fel- 
lows' circles.  His  home  is  a  particularly  happy  one. 
He  married  in  Weymouth.  Nov.  13,  1867,  Miss  M. 
Anna,  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Mercy  Holmes.     They 


induced  his  comrades  to  accept  his  declination  for  the  have  two  children,  L.  Charlotte  and  Helen  Isabel  Lovell. 
reasons  stated.  He  was  junior  vice-commander  in  1880,  His  public  career  has  been  in  many  respects  singularly 
senior-vice  in   1881,   and  declined   the   nomination  for      active  and  useful. 


252 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  the  multiplicity  of  public  and  private  offices  which 
he  has  held  during  many  years  in  Massachusetts, 
Samuel  N.  Aldrich  has  ne\er  been  so  situated  that  he 
was  unable  to  acquit  himself  with  honor  and  credit. 
That  he  is  a  citizen  of  varied  attainments,  is  attested  by 
the  fact  that  he  is  equally  at  home  in  the  office  of  the 
lawyer,  the  chair  of  the  bank  president,  the  presidency 
of  a  railroad,  or  the  assistant-treasurership  of  the  United 
States.  Samuel  Nelson  Aldrich,  son  of  Sylvanus  Bucklin 
and  Lucy  Jane  (Stod- 
dard) Aldrich,  was 
born  in  Upton,  Wor- 
cester County,  Feb. 
3,  1838.  His  educa- 
tion was  obtained  at 
the  Worcester  and 
Southington,  Conn., 
academies,  and  at 
Brown  University, 
Providence,  R .  I . 
Subsequently  he 
taught  schools  at 
Upton,  Holliston 
and  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  entered  upon  the 
study  of  law  with 
Hon.  Isaac  Davis 
and  E.  B.  Stoddard, 
at  Worcester,  and 
completed  the  same 
at  the  Harvard  Law 
School.  In  1863 
Mr.  Aldrich  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar, 
and  then  com- 
menced practice  at 
Marlborough.  Since 
1874  he  has  kept  an 
office  in  Boston, 
though  retaining  his 

residence  in  Marlborough  and  li\ing  in  Boston  during 
the  winter.  In  the  public  affairs  of  Marlborough  Mr. 
Aldrich  has  been  prominent.  He  was  for  nine  years  on 
the  School  Committee,  and  four  years  on  the  Board  of 
Selectmen,  officiating  as  chairman  of  both.  He  has 
been  a  director  of  the  People's  National  Bank  of  Marl- 
borough, president  of  the  Marlborough  Board  of  Trade  : 
president  of  the  Framingham  &  Lowell  Railroad  (now 
a  portion  of  the  Old    Colony  system),  and    president 


SAMUEL    N.    ALDRICH. 


of  the  Central  Massachusetts  Railroad.  In  1879  Mr. 
Aldrich  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  where  he  served 
as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Taxation,  and  was 
also  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Bills  in  the  Third 
Reading,  and  on  Constitutional  Amendments.  In  1880 
he  was  again  a  member  of  the  State  Senate,  serving  on 
the  Judiciary  Committee.  In  1883  he  was  a  member  of 
the  House,  and  served  on  the  Judiciary  Committee.  In 
1880  he  was  the   Democratic  candidate  for  Congress 

from    the   seventh 
Massachusetts    dis- 
trict.    In    March, 
1887,     Mr.     Aldrich 
was     appointed     by 
President   Cleveland 
assistant  treasurer  of 
the  LTnited  States  at 
Boston,  which    posi- 
tion   he    resigned  in 
December,    1890,  to 
accept    the    presi- 
dency  of    the    State 
National    Bank,   No. 
40  State  Street,  Bos- 
ton,   which    position 
he    now  holds.     Be- 
sides   this,    he    is   a 
member  of  the  Suf- 
folk  bar,    is    in    the 
practice  of   his  pro- 
fession,   and    is   still 
president  of    the 
Central  Massachu- 
setts  Railroad.     Mr. 
Aldrich     married    in 
1865,     at    L'pton, 
Mary  J.,  daughter  of 
J.   T.    and    Eliza   A. 
McFarland.      They 
have    a    son,    Harry 
M.  Aldrich,  now  in  the  Harvard  Law  School.     In  Marl- 
borough, his  place  of  residence,  he   is  respected  as  a 
public-spirited  citizen,  ever  ready  to   devote   his   time 
freely  to   the   aid  of   his   town  and    townsmen.     -As  a 
legislator,   his  work   has  been   appreciated    throughout 
the  State.     As  a  financier  he  is   considered  one  of  the 
ablest  and  safest  men  of  the  time.     As  a  lawyer  he  has 
a  high  standing  at  the  Massachusetts  bar.     His  winter 
residence  is  in  Boston. 


BOSTON. 


253 


THE  commanding  position  which  the  Boston  Herald 
has  held  for  over  twenty-five  years  as  a  leader  of 
the  political  thought  of  the   nation  was  won  and  main- 
tained   largely   by   the    ability   of    its    editor-in-chief, 
Edwin   B.  Haskell.     His    excellent   judgment   and    his 
brilliant    editorial   talents    enabled    him    to   guide    the 
Herald  between  partisan  extremes,  and  make  it  a  widely 
recognized    conservative    power    and   authority.      His 
graceful  diction,  terse,  direct  and  keen,  combined  with 
the   virile    power   of 
argumentation,     and 
a   strong   sense    of 
humor,    made    his 
editorials  extensively 
quoted    and    com- 
mented   upon    from 
Maine   to  California 
during    his   active 
journalistic  career. 
Mr.    Haskell    was 
born    in    Livermore, 
Me.,  Aug.  24,  1837. 
His  father  was  Moses 
Greenleaf      Haskell, 
and  his  mother  Ro- 
silla  Haines,  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  Peter 
Haines,     who     emi- 
grated   from    N  e  w 
Ham])shire  to  Maine 
in    1795.     Mr.  Has- 
kell was  educated  in 
the    district    school, 
and    at    Kent's   Hill 
Seminary,    and    was 
prepared  for  college 
at  the  age  of  sixteen. 
Circumstances,  how- 
ever, prevented  him 
from   going    to   col- 
lege, and  when  he  was  seventeen  years  old  he  entered 
the  office  of    the  Portland  Advertiser,  then   edited  by 
Henry  Carter.     After  staying  in  the  Advertiser  office  for 
one  year,  and  learning  the  trade  of  type-setting,  he  went 
to  New  Orleans  and  worked   there  and  at  Baton  Rouge 
as  a  journeyman  printer,  until    June,   1856.     He   then 
returned  to  Boston  and  took  a  situation  on  the  Saturday 
Evening  Gazette,  then  published  by  the  late  William  W. 
Clapp,  who  was  subsequently  editor  of  the  Boston  your- 


EDWIN    B.    HASKELL. 


nal.  In  the  spring  of  1857  Mr.  Haskell  was  employed 
on  the  yoiirnal  as  compositor  and  reporter,  and  went  to 
the  Boston  Herald  as  reporter  in  the  spring  of  i860. 
The  Herald  was  then  owned  and  managed  by  Colonel 
E.  C.  Bailey,  who  quickly  discovered  Mr.  Haskell's 
newspaper  abilities,  and  added  him  to  his  staff  of  edito- 
rial writers.  In  that  position  he  remained  until  1865, 
when  he  and  four  other  employees  of  the  Herald  pur- 
chased  the  paper  of  Colonel  Bailey.     Mr.  Haskell  was 

then  installed  as  edi- 
tor-in-chief,  a   posi- 
tion which,  with  the 
exception  of  a  year's 
absence    in    Europe, 
he  held  uninterrupt- 
edly  until    October, 
1887,  when    he   sold 
a  large   share  of  his 
third  proprietary  in- 
terest in  the  Herald. 
Since    then    he   has 
had    nothing    to  do 
with    the    manage- 
ment  of    the    paper 
save  as   one   of   the 
directory   of   the 
Boston  Herald  Com- 
pany,   which    suc- 
ceeded  the  partner- 
ship under    the  firm 
name  of  R.  M.  Pul- 
sifer    &   Co.      Mr. 
Haskell    is    chief 
owner  of  the  Minne- 
apolis    yoiirnal,    of 
which   his  so»,   Wil- 
liam E.,  is  associate 
editor.     Mr.  Haskell 
was    married     in 
August,     1 86 1,     to 
Celia,  daughter  of  Jonas  and  Joanna  (Hubbard)  Hill,  of 
Fayette,  Me.      ( )f   this  union  were   seven  children,  of 
whom  four  are  living.     In  1877-78,  accompanied  by  his 
family  and  a  small   number  of  invitetl  friends,  Mr.  Has- 
kell visited  Europe,  and  wrote  a  unique  descriptive  serial 
sketch  in  the  Herald  of  the  "Adventures  of  the  Scrib- 
bler Family  Abroad."     His  fortunate  professional  career 
has  been  happily  matched  by  his  social   and  domestic 
life  at  his  home  in  Auburndale. 


254 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  Boston's  Italian  population  of  many  thousand,  Dr.      Medicale  Societa  of  Rome,  the  University  of  Palermo, 
Toseph    Pagani    holds   a   prominent   and    honored      the  Instituto  Accademico  Ihiiberto  I.  at  Livorno,  and 


place.     He  is  known  by  almost  every  one  of  his  com- 
patriots in  the  city,  among  whom  he  has  built  up  an 
extensive   practice,  and  he  also   occupies   an   enviable 
position  in  the  medical  world.     Dr.  Pagani  was  born  in 
Borgomanero,  Italy,  Feb.  13,  1836,  and  is  the  son  of  the 
Hon.  John  Baptiste  and  Paolina  Bolchini.     Dr.  Pagani's 
father    was    a    noted    professor    of    chemistry,    and    the 
family  traces  its  an- 
cestry,    of     which 
nearly   all    the    male 
members   were    pro- 
fessional  men,    back 
fully  two  h  u  n  d  r  e  d 
and  fifty  years.     Dr. 
Pagani's  mother  was 
a    daughter    of    the 
Hon.     Joseph      Bol- 
cliini,  who  was  lieu- 
tenant-governor   un- 
der the  iirst  kingdom 
of  Italy.     Captain 
Constantino    Pagani, 
a  brother  of  the  doc- 
tor, was  an  officer  in 
the    famous    "  O  n  e 
Thousand,"    who, 
under  the  command 
of  General  Garibaldi, 
freed  and   took  pos- 
session of   the  Sicil-  »  f 
ian     province.       He 
was  killed  in  action, 
and    to     commemo- 
rate   his    bravery    a 
marble    monument 

has  been  erected  at  JOSEPH    PAGANI 

the  gate  of  the  City 
Hall  in  Borgomanero. 

Dr.  Pagani  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  early  evinced  a  liking  for  the  study  of  medi- 


the  Sodalizio  Margherita  at  Naples.  His  practice  in 
his  native  country  was  a  large  and  remunerative  one, 
but,  like  many  other  young  Italians,  he  determined  to 
come  to  America,  and  in  1868  he  arrived  in  New  York. 
Not  liking  the  metropolis,  however,  he  did  not  settle 
there,  but  soon  after  came  to  Boston.  Here  he  took 
the  offices  at  No.  356   Hanover  Street,  which  he  still 

occupies,  his  large 
practice  at  the  North 
End  making  it  im- 
possible for  him  to 
remove  to  any  other 
quarter  of  the  city. 
,  His  residence,   how- 

ever, is  at  No.  50 
Marlborough  Street. 
Ten  years  ago,  dur- 
ing the  visit  of  Dom 
Pedro  to  the  United 
States,  the  latter  con- 
f  erred  upon  Dr. 
Pagani  the  title  of 
Chevalier  de  Buenos 
Ayres.  This  is  not 
the  only  title  with 
which  the  doctor  has 
been  honored,  for  in 
June,  1892,  he 
learned  that  he  had 
been  made  Cazique 
and  Baron  Roxley  in 
the  Aryan  peerage, 
from  the  noted  Aryan 
Order  of  Russia. 
Dr.  Pagani  is  a  mem- 
ber of  various  medi- 
cal societies,  includ- 
ing the  Acade'mie  de 
Medicine  in  Paris,  and  the  Societa  Medicale  di  Roma. 
In  1868  he  was  married  to  Miss  Fanny  Jeaneret,  of  New 


cine.     In  fact,  it  was  a  sort  of   family  understanding      York,    a   most    accomplished   Swiss   lady.     They   have 


from  his  infancy  that  he  would  become  either  a  chemist 
or  a  physician.  After  the  completion  of  his  prepara- 
tory studies  he  entered  the  University  of  Pavaie,  and 
u])on  his  graduation  received  his  diploma  as  a  regular 
physician.  He  then  pursued  his  medical  studies  and 
was  graduated  with   high   honors  from   the    l'",mula/,ione 


three  children,  the  eldest  daughter,  who  is  a  famous 
Boston  beauty,  being  now  a  student  of  music  in  Rome. 
Dr.  Pagani  is  jirominent  in  all  movements  for  the  wel- 
fare of  his  fellow-countrymen  who  ha\e  made  their  home 
in  America,  and  is  justly  very  ]iopular  with  them  as  well 
as  with  native  born  Americans. 


BOSTON. 


=  55 


EVANGELIST  and  reformer,  of  broadest  sympathies, 
deepest  insight  and  tireless  energy,  I.ouis  Albert 
Banks  is  not  only  one  of  the  most  interesting  figures  in 
the  Boston  pulpit  of  to-day,  but  he  is  also  one  of  the 
strong  forces  in  the  city's  life.     He  has  been  here  but  a 
few  years  —  he  is  still  a  young  man  —  but  his  activity 
has  produced  lasting  results  in  many  beneficent  ways. 
Out   of   his   courageous    exposure  of    the    "sweating" 
system  and  the  dangerous  condition  of  neglected  tene- 
ment house   life,  has 
grown    the    A  n  t  i  - 
Tenement     House 
League,   and  legisla- 
tion has  been  enacted 
looking    toward    the 
cure   of   one    of    the 
gravest  evils  of  mod- 
ern times.     It  is  im- 
possible here  to  give 
more    than    a   bare  '^        /7'^Sk, 

outline  of  the  fasci- 
nating story  of  his 
life.  He  was  born 
in  Corvallis,  Oregon, 
Nov.  12,  185s,  the 
son  of  Lebbjeus 
Irwin  and  Mary 
(Hurlburt)  Banks. 
He  attended  the 
public  schools  and 
Philomath  College  in 
Oregon,  and  at  six- 
teen was  licensed  as 
a  preacher  of  the 
United  Brethren 
Church.  From  sev- 
enteen to  twenty-one 
he  taught  school  and 
studied  law,  being 
admitted   to  the  bar 

in  December,  1877.  After  a  year's  legal  practice,  he 
united  with  the  Oregon  Conference  of  the  Methodist 
Church.  He  was  ordained  an  elder  in  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church  by  Bishop  Henry  W.  Warren,  at  Van- 
couver, Washington,  Aug.  26,  1883.  Mr.  Banks  has  been 
pastor  of  churches  in  Portland,  Oregon  ;  Boise  City, 
Idaho ;  Vancouver  and  Seattle,  Washington,  and  in 
Cincinnati.  In  1886  he  came  to  Boston  as  pastor  of 
the  Egleston  Square  Chunh,   which    had  a   remarkable 


LOUIS    A.    BANKS 


growth  under  his  ministrations,  as  had  also  St.  John's 
Church,  in  South  Boston,  over  which  he  was  subse- 
quently settled.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  First  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  Church  of  Boston.  While  in  Vancouver 
he  edited  the  "  Pacific  Censor,"  the  organ  of  the  Tem- 
perance Alliance  of  the  territory,  and  in  June,  1880,  was 
shot  down  on  the  street  by  an  infuriated  agent  of  the 
saloons.  For  two  months  he  preached,  reclining  across 
three    chairs,  to    large   and    enthusiastic   congregations. 

During  his  pastorate 
at  Seattle  the  anti- 
Chinese  riots  broke 
out  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  on  the 
platform  and  in  the 
"^Ij^^  pulpit    he    defended 

^^^^  the  rights  of  the  Chi- 

^^^B  nese.     He    was    re- 

^^^^H  peatedly    threatened 

™'*^  w  i  t  h     assassination, 

and  once  his  house 
was  surrounded  by 
an  armed  mob  of 
men  who  came  to 
hang  him.  F  o  r  t  u  - 
nately,  however,  he 
was  absent.  In  Bos- 
ton, as  in  the  West, 
he  has  been  in  the 
foremost  ranks  of  the 
reformers,  and  the 
causes  of  temper- 
ance, woman  suf- 
frage, and  labor  have 
in  him  a  valiant 
champion.  His  pub- 
lished works  are : 
"  Censor  Echoes  " 
(Portland,  Oregon, 
1880;  now  out  of 
print)  ;  "The  People's  Christ "  (Boston,  1891)  :  "White 
Slaves,  or  the  Oppression  of  the  Worthy  Poor  "  (Boston, 
1892),  and  "The  Revival  Quiver"  (Boston,  1892). 
Mr.  Banks  was  married  Sept.  21,  1877,  to  Mary  A.  Mill- 
hollen,  who  died  in  1881,  leaving  him  two  daughters. 
In  1883  he  married  Jessie  F.  Ainsworth,  and  of  this 
union  there  is  one  son.  The  degree  of  doctor  of 
divinity  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  Banks  by  Mt.  Union 
College  in  1890, 


256 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


FOR  the  past  decade  or  more  Boston  has  been  rapidly 
growing  in  importance  as  one  of  the  great  finan- 
cial centres  of  the  American    continent,  and  this  very 
enviable    position  is   largely  due  to  the  fresh  energies 
brought  to  bear,  by  the  younger  financiers  of  the  day, 
upon  the  forces  of   old-time    conservatism,  which    has 
held  the  city  in  thrall  for  so  many  years.     Among  the 
foremost  of  the  financial  firms  who  have   established  a 
wide    reputation  both   at   home    and  abroad    for   solid 
worth  and   judicious 
enterprise,    is    the 
house  of  Clark,  Ward 
&    Co.,    who    stand 
upon    the    topmost 
rung  of  the  ladder  of 
success.     Mr.    J.    F. 
A.  Clark,  the  senior 
member  of  this  firm, 
is  a  thorough  Bosto- 
nian  of  the  progres- 
sive    and    practical 
type.     He  was  born 
in    Boston,   Nov.    6, 
1862,   and    received 
his  education    in 
one  of  those  institu- 
tions   of    which    the 
city  is   justly  proud. 
In  early   youth    Mr. 
Clark  showed  unmis- 
takable   signs   of   an 
ambitious,  enterpris- 
ing nature,    and    at 
the  age  of  twenty-one 
he    started    in    the 
banking  business. 
To  fit  himself  for  the 
exacting    and    intri- 
cate   duties    of    this 
profession  he  had  no 

other  training  than  the  knowledge  found  in  the  best 
books  written  upon  the  subject,  and  that  unerring  judg- 
ment which  has  brought  to  a  successful  culmination  the 
many  difiicult  untlertakings  in  which  he  has  since  been 
interested.  After  a  year  of  prosperity,  he  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr.  Reginald  H.  Ward,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Clark,  ^Vard  &  Co.,  and  since  that  date 
these  young  men  have  made  a  most  remarkable  record 
for  successful  enterprise.    By  their  discretion  and  sound 


business  principles  they  have  secured  recognition  among 
the  oldest  and  best  firms  in  Boston.  In  1889  the  firm 
of  Clark,  Ward  &  Co.  opened  an  office  in  New  York, 
Mr.  Ward  taking  charge  of  it.  Phenomenal  success 
from  the  very  start  attended  the  affairs  of  the  firm  in 
New  York,  and  in  the  short  space  of  two  years  it  was 
found  necessary  to  establish  a  branch  office  there.  In 
the  same  year  a  branch  of  the  Boston  house  was  opened 
in   Springfield,    Mass.     Both  branches    ha\e   enjoyed  a 

marked     degree    o  f 
prosperity.     In  1891 
Mr.  George  E.  Arm- 
strong,  of  Boston, 
was  admitted  to  the 
firm,  and  in  1892  Mr. 
H.  H.   Campbell,  of 
Boston,  became  a 
partner.    Mr.  Clark's 
modesty  forbids  the 
enumeration  here  of 
the  prominent  posi- 
tions he  occupies  in 
some  of  the    impor- 
tant   railroad    enter- 
prises of  the  day,  or 
of  the  large  financial 
interests    which    h  e 
has  managed.     Con- 
sidering the  fact  that 
the  young  men  com- 
IJ  r  i  s  i  n  g    the   fi  r  m 
started    in    business 
with  no  other  capital 
than  their  own  intel- 
ligence and  personal 
merit,  the    success 
that  has  attended  all 
their  ventures  is  one 
of    the    conspicuous 
features  of    financial 
Boston.     It  also  shows  that  this  is  an  era  in  which  the 
younger  business  men  have  every  opportunity  to  develop 
the  metal  that  is  in   them,  respectful  attention  being 
given  to  their  plans  and  ideas  by  men  of  a  past  gen- 
eration.    Mr.  Clark,  who  is  a  member  of  the  Country, 
Algontiuin    and    Athletic    clubs    in   Boston,  and  of    the 
Vaudeville  and    New  York  clubs  in  New  York,  is  very 
prominent  in  the  social  life  of  both  cities.     He  is  mar- 
ried, and  his  residence  is  in  Boston. 


J.    F.   A.   CLARK. 


BOSTON. 


257 


JAMES  RUSSELL  SOLEV  was  born  at  Roxbury, 
Mass.  (now  Boston  Highlands),  Oct.  i,  1850. 
He  received  his  early  education  at  the  Roxbury  Latin 
School,  and  graduated  at  Har\ard  College  in  the  class 
of  1870.  Assistant  Secretary  of  State  Wharton  and 
Lieutenant-Governor  Wolcott  were  members  of  the 
same  class.  During  the  year  following  graduation  he 
was  tutor  at  St.  Mark's  School,  Southborough,  Mass., 
and  in  187 1  he  was  appointed  assistant  professor  of 
English  at  the  United 
States  Naval  Acad- 
emy at  Annapolis, 
where,  in  1873,  he 
was  placed  at  the 
head  of  the  depart- 
ment of  English 
studies,  history  and 
law,  his  appointment 
to  both  of  these 
plaices  being  the  re- 
sult of  competitive 
examination.  In 
1876  he  was  com- 
missioned a  profes- 
sor in  the  United 
States  Navy  with  the 
relative  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant commander. 
In  this  year  he  pub- 
lished the  "  History 
of  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy." In  1878  he 
was  assistant  superin- 
tendent of  the  de- 
partment of  educa- 
tion at  the  Paris 
Exposition.  While 
in  Europe  he  was 
charged  by  the  Navy 
Department  with  the 

special  duty  of  examining  the  systems  of  education  in 
European  naval  colleges,  and  on  his  return  made  an 
extensive  report,  entitled  "Foreign  Systems  of  Naval 
Education,"  which  was  published  in  18S0.  In  1882, 
having  attained  the  relative  rank  of  commander,  he 
was  transferred  to  Washington,  where  he  collected  and 
arranged  the  library  of  the  Navy  Department,  the  most 
complete  and  valuable  collection  of  naval  works  in  this 
country,  if  not  in  the  world.     He  was  lecturer  on  inter- 


JAMES    R.    SOLEY 


national  law,  in  addition  to  his  duties  in  this  position, 
at  the  Naval  War  College  at  Newport  from  1885  to 
1889,  and  he  also  delivered  a  course  of  lectures  before 
the  Lowell  Institute  of  Boston,  on  "American  Naval 
History,"  in  1885,  and  a  second  course  on  "European 
Neutrality  during  the  Civil  War,"  in  1888.  He  has 
published  :  "  Campaigns  of  the  Navy  in  the  Civil  War  ; 
The  Blockade  and  the  Cruisers"  (1883)  ;  "The  Rescue 
of  Greely,"  under  the  joint  authorship  of  himself  and 

Commodore     Win  - 
field     S.    Schley 
(1885)  ;    "The  Boys 
of i8i2"(i887),and 
"Sailor     Boys     of 
1861"    (1888).     He 
edited     the    "Auto- 
biography  of    Com- 
Jmodore  Morris,"  and 
made  large  contribu- 
tions to  the  "  Battles 
and  Leaders   of   the 
Civil   \\'ar,"    and   to 
Justin    \\'  i  n  s  o  r '  s 
"  N  a  r  r  a  t  i  \  e      and 
Critical     History     of 
-America."     By  invi- 
tation of  the  city  of 
Boston  he  delivered 
in    May,     i  8  9  i ,    a 
eulogy  upon  .\dmiral 
Porter  at  the  memo- 
rial services  held  in 
Fremont  Temple, 
and    he   is   now  en- 
gaged    upon    "  The 
Life  of  Admiral  Por- 
ter."    His  last  work, 
on     the    "  Maritime 
Industries  of   Amer- 
ica,"  deals  with  the 
histor)',  present  condition,  and  future  prospects  of  the 
merchant  marine.     In  July,  1890,  he  resigned  his  com- 
mission and  was   appointed   assistant  secretary  of  the 
navy,  which  office  he  has  held  since    that    time.      In 
this  capacity  he  has  taken  a  large  part  in  the  detailed 
administration  of  the  naval  establishment,  and  has  been 
particularly  connected  with  the  important   measures  of 
na\y-yard    reform.     Mr.  Soley   graduated   at    the    Law 
School  of  Columbian  Universitv. 


258 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


STUDYING  the    history   of    the    printing    trade,    a 
stranger  to  this  State  soon  acquires  an  admiring 
knowledge  of  a  firm  name  which  is  familiar  to  Massa- 
chusetts men, — Alfred  Mudge  &  Son.     This  firm  was 
founded   in    1830.     Alfred   Mudge   established   a  small 
printing-office   on    School  Street,  Boston,  in  that  year, 
and,  being  a   man  of  brain   and   enterprise,  he   broke 
away  from  the  conservative  rut  of  the  printers  of  those 
days.      He  speedily  found   success,  limited  at  first,  to 
be  sure,  but  destined 
to    assume     propor- 
tions   of     amazingly 
large  size.     It  was  in 
1850  that  the  present 
firm     name     was 
adopted,  in  that  year 
the   founder    of    the 
house      taking     into 
partnership   his  son, 
Alfred      A.     Mudge. 
The  latter  lived  but 
three  years  after  the 
death   of   the   senior 
partner,    and     then, 
in    1885,    Frank    H. 
Mudge,  son  of  Alfred 
.■\.,  became  sole  pro- 
prietor of  this  great 
business   house,   and 
has  continued  in  this 
position    ever    since. 
To  illustrate   the 
strides  made  by  this 
firm  since  its  incep- 
tion,   when    a    small 
room  on  School  Street 
was  sufficient  for  the 
proper  transaction  of 
its  business,  it  need 
only  be  said   that  it 

now  occupies  three  complete  floors  of  the  great  mercan- 
tile building.  No.  24  Franklin  Street,  Boston.  Its  plant 
contains  the  best  possible  equipments,  including  twenty 
large  cylinder  presses.  On  its  salary  list  are  the  names  of 
two  hundred  employees.  From  these  facts  an  idea  may 
be  gained  of  the  character  and  size  of  the  business  which 
Frank  H.  Mudge  now  governs  and  guides.  This  gen- 
tleman was  born  in  Boston,  Feb.  10,  1859.  Early  in 
life  he  developed  an  unmistakable  aptitude,  undoubtedly 


FRANK    H.    MUDGE 


inherited,  for  the  printing  business,  and  at  the  end  of 
his  school-days  he  entered  the  employ  of  Alfred  Mudge 
&  Son  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  something  far  deeper 
than  a  superficial  knowledge  of  the  printing  art.  By 
hard  and  earnest  work  he  became  such  a  master  of  the 
different  branches  that  in  1880  he  was  honored  by  a 
well-earned  in\itation  to  become  a  partner  in  the  enter- 
prise. These  early  years  of  business  training  fitted  Mr. 
Mudge  for  the  burden  of  proprietorship  which  fell  to 

his  lot  upon  the  death 
of  his  father,  — a  bur- 
den which  seldom 
falls  upon  the  shoul- 
ders of  such  a  young 
man.  But  that  which 
^^  Mr.  Mudge  lacked  in 

g^^^  age   was  amply  bal- 

anced by  his  posses- 
sion of  practical  ex- 
perience, and  so  he 
accepted  the  position 
of  head  of  the  house 
of  Alfred  Mudge  & 
Son,  and  be  it  said 
in  just  credit,  the 
business  of  his  able 
forefathers  has  con- 
tinued to  prosper  in 
his  hands.  Mr. 
Mudge  is  president 
of  the  Master  Print- 
ers' Club,  vice-presi- 
-  .  dent  of  the  National 

Typothetffi  of  Amer- 
ica.     He   began   his 
J  military  career  in  the 

*  ranks  of  D  company. 

First  Regiment,  M. 
V.  M.  ;  has  been  sec- 
ond lieutenant  of 
light  battery  A,  and  is  an  ex-adjutant  of  the  Ancient  and 
Honorable  Artillery  Company,  and  past  commander  of 
the  Roxbury  Artillery  Veteran  Association.  Mr.  Mudge 
holds  membership  in  many  other  organizations,  includ- 
ing the  Franklin  Ty])ographical  Society,  the  Roxbury 
Club,  the  Boston  Athletic  Association,  the  Hull,  Win- 
throp  and  Massachusetts  Yacht  clubs,  and  also  Masonic 
societies,  in  the  Odd  Fellows,  the  Red  Men,  the  Elks 
and  the  Knights  of  Pvthias. 


BOSTON. 


259 


THERE  is  not  a  more    enthusiastic  Democrat  and 
tariff   reformer   in    Massachusetts    than    Bushrod 
Morse.     A  man  of  deep  convictions  and  high  character, 
a  thorough  student  of  economic  questions,  he  has  wielded 
great  influence,  directly  and  indirectly,  upon  the  political 
opinions  of  his  fellow-citizens.     Descended  from  a  long 
line  of  New  England  ancestors,  —  among   whom   were 
Benjamin  Franklin,  Professor  Morse,  the  inventor  of  the 
telegraph,   and   Chief  Justice    Kent,  —  Mr.  Morse    was 
born    in     Sharon, 
Mass.,    the     son    of 
Willard     and     Eliza 
(G  lover)      Morse. 
After    attending  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native  town,  he  fitted 
for    college     at    the 
Providence     Confer- 
ence,   Seminary   and 
at    Pierce  Academy, 
Middleboro,  and  en- 
tered   Amherst    in 
1856.        Ill-health, 
howe\er,     prevented 
him  from  completing 
his    college     course. 
He    studied    law    in 
North  Easton  and  in 
Boston,  and  in  Octo- 
ber,  1864,    was    ad- 
mitted to  the  Suffolk 
bar.     Though  he  has 
practised    in   Boston 
ever    since,    he    has 
always    retained    his 
residence  in  Sharon, 
on    the    old    Morse 
homestead,     a     pic- 
turesque estate,  near 
Lake  Massapoag, 

which  descended  to  him  and  his  brothers  from  their 
great-grandfather,  Gilead  Morse,  an  English  soldier 
under  General  Wolfe,  who  purchased  it  on  his  return 
from  the  French  war  in  1764.  Mr.  Morse  has  been  for 
years  prominent  and  influential  in  the  political  life  of 
his  town  and  State.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the 
Sharon  School  Board  ;  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Representatives  in  1S70,  18S3  and  1884,  when 
he  served  on  important  committees,  being  chairman  of 


BUSHROD    MORSE, 


the  Committee  on  Probate  and  Chancery  in  1884  ;  mem- 
ber of  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee  ;  candi- 
date for  presidential  elector  in  1884  and  1888  ;  delegate 
to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  Cincinnati  in 
1880;  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  second  district, 
against  E.x-Governor  John  D.  Long,  in  1886,  and  carry- 
ing Norfolk  County  by  233  majority,  and  being  defeated 
in  the  strong  Republican  district  by  less  than  2,000 
votes;  again  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  1890,  when  he 

received  the  highest 
vote  ever  cast  for  a 
Democratic  candi- 
date   for    Congress 
in    his    district.      In 
1864  Mr.  Morse  was 
appointed   justice  of 
the  peace  by  (rover- 
nor  Andrew,  and  has 
held  that  office  ever 
since.      On  May  13, 
1 89 1,  Governor  Rus- 
sell   appointed    him 
the  first  special  jus- 
tice   of   the    District 
Court     for    Southern 
Norfolk.       In    1892, 
much  against  his  in- 
clinations,    he     w  a  s 
unanimously     nomi- 
nated by  the  Demo- 
crats for  the  Second 
Norfolk    District  for 
the    State    Senate. 
The    workingmen  of 
the  State  have  had  a 
staunch  friend  in  Mr. 
Morse.       H  i  s    able 
and  intelligent  advo- 
cacy   of      legislative 
measures    calculated 
to  advance  their  interests,  gained  for  him  a  wide  popu- 
larity.    His  addresses  on  tariff  reform,  embodying  the 
results  of   his  careful    investigations   and    set   forth   in 
vigorous  English,  ha\e  attracted  general  attention  and 
been    published    in    leading    journals    throughout   the 
country.     Though  engrossed  in  his  legal  profession,  in 
which  he  has  a  high  standing,  Mr.  Morse  still  finds  time 
to  preach  the   gospel  of  tariff  reform.     He  is  an  excel- 
lent type  of  man  and  citizen. 


26o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO~DAY. 


THE  private  secretary  of  Postmaster-General  Wana- 
niaker,    Marshall    Gushing,    is   a    Hingham    boy 
through  and   through.     His  ancestors  were  among  the 
little  band   that  first  settled   the  town.     The  people  of 
Hingham  well  remember  him,  a  barefoot  boy  driving 
the  cows,  or  a  high  school  pupil  driving  the  milk  wagon. 
They  recall  that  he  worked  his  way  through  college,  and 
they  hold  in  high  regard  his  father  and  mother.     Mar- 
shall Gushing  was   born  in   t86o.     His  early  education 
was    gained    in    the 
public    schools,    and 
he    graduated    from 
the    high    school    in 
1878.     At  Exeter  he 
was  an  editor  of  the 
Expnian,  the  leader 
of  the  glee  club,  and 
the  class  poet  of  '79. 
Mr.    Gushing    grad- 
uated from  Harvard 
in     1883.      He    was 
freshman  editor  of 
the     Harvard    Daily 
E  t  Ji  o,    secretary    of 
the  board  of  editors 
of   the   Advocate,  a 
member  of  the  glee 
club,  and  a  leader  in 
the  musical  and  the- 
atrical  performances 
of  the  Pi  Eta  Society. 
Mr.    Gushing    in- 
tended   to  study  law, 
but  he  was  attracted 
towards      news])aper 
work,   and    obtained 
employment   on   the 
Gambridge    T/i/>iitir, 
as    city    editor,    and 
on  the  Boston  Globe, 

as  Harvard  correspondent.  He  became  successively 
news  editor  on  the  "night  desk  "  of  the  GMe,  and  night 
editor  in  charge.  After  two  years  he  became  State 
House  reporter  and  staff  correspondent,  finding  valuable 
political  friends  in  all  directions.  Mr.  Gushing  next 
became  private  secretary  to  Hon.  Henry  Gabot  Lodge, 
a  post  which  he  relinquished  a  few  months  later  for  a 
position  on  the  New  York  Press.  There  for  about  a 
year  he  was  political  writer  and  travelling  correspondent. 


^ 


MARSHALL  GUSHING 


After  this  term  of  service  for  the  Press  Mr.  Gushing 
returned  to  Washington  as  correspondent  of  the  Boston 
Aih^crtisir  and  Record,  and  the  New  York  Graphic. 
He  also  did  special  work  for  the  Sun,  the  Philadelphia 
Press  and  other  journals.  To  the  position  of  private 
secretary  to  the  postmaster-general  Mr.  Gushing  has 
brought  tact,  industry  and  originality.  He  may  be  said 
to  be  the  first  outside  the  White  House  to  give  to  a 
])ri\ate  secretaryship  a  national  repute.     His  industry  is 

phenomenal.     In 
addition    to    his    ex- 
acting daily  work  at 
the    elbow   of    the 
postmaster  -  general, 
he  has  written  "  The 
Story  of    Our    Post- 
Office,"  a  one  thou- 
sand page  book,  and 
he  has  collected  ma- 
terial    for    an    even 
larger   volume    upon 
the    history    of    the 
American  post- office, 
which    is   shortly    to 
be    published.      Mr. 
Gushing's    home   life 
is    ideal.       He    was 
married    on    Ghrist- 
mas    Day,    1891,   in 
San     Francisco,     to 
Mrs.  Isabel  McBride 
Palmer,    the     gifted 
daughter  of  Hon. 
John    R.    McBride, 
late  member  of  Gon- 
gress    from    Oregon, 
■     and  chief   justice  of 
Idalio,  who    was    for 
years  the   leading 
Gentile  in  Utah. 
The  literary  and  musical  tastes  of   Mrs.  Gushing  are  a 
thorough  complement  to  those  of   her  husband.     Mr. 
Gushing  is  a  member  of  the  famous  Gridiron  Club  of 
Washington  correspondents,  and  the  monthly  "  roast " 
is  considered  incomplete  without  the  presence  of  the 
cheery    private    secretary  and  his  banjo.     His    literary 
style  is  original,  crisp  and  witty,  many  of  his  articles  and 
letters  contributed  to  the  press  of  Boston  and  New  York 
being  masterpieces  of  their  kind. 


BOSTON. 


261 


EDWARll  AUGUSTUS  MOSELEY,  secretary  of  the 
Interstate   Commerce    Commission,    has   labored 
zealously  for  j^ears  to  secure  uniform  safety  couplers  for 
railway  cars,  and  is  the    recognized  authority  on   that 
subject  in  this  country,  his  efforts  having  attracted  the 
attention    of    presidents,    senators    and    congressmen, 
magazine  writers,  and    especially   the    organizations  of 
railway  employees.    He  was  born  in  Newburyport,  xMarch 
23,  1846,  his  father  being  an  East  India  merchant  and 
well-known     banker. 
After    attending    the 
public  schools,  he 
shipped,   at   the  age 
of  sixteen,  before  the 
mast  of  an  F2ast  In- 
dianian  and  made  a 
long   voyage.       He 
afterwards  entered 
the  service  of   Wells, 
K  d  m  u  n  d  s   &    Co., 
East  India  merchants 
and   later   was   asso- 
ciated with  N.  &  B. 
G  o  d  d  a  r  (1 ,    a    firm 
whose     predecessors 
were  the  pioneers  in 
the    trade,    dating 
back    to    the    begin- 
ning of   the  present 
century.     Mr.  Mose- 
ley  was  subsequently 
in    partnership   with 
his  father.     I  ni  m  e  - 
d  i  a  t  e  1  y    after    the 
Boston  fire  of  1S72, 
the  firm  of  Moseley, 
Wheelwright    >&    Co. 
was  formed,  and  for 
years  did  an  immense 
business  in  Southern 

pine,  Mr.  Moseley  travelling  through  the  Southern 
States,  the  West  Indies,  South  .\merica  and  Europe, 
making  sales  and  furthering  the  interests  of  his  house. 
In  June,  1880,  the  firm  of  Stetson,  Moseley  &  Co., 
lumber  dealers,  was  organized,  succeeding  to  the  busi- 
ness of  one  of  the  oldest  firms  in  the  United  States, 
and  Mr.  Moseley  was  a  member  of  that  firm  at  the  time 
of  his  appointment  to  the  position  he  now  occupies. 
He  was  commissioner  of  the  Newburyport  Sinking  Fund 


EDWARD   A.    MOSELEY. 


for  fifteen  years  after  its  organization  ;  was  a  member 
of  the  Common  Council  and  an  alderman  ;  was  twice 
elected  to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and 
during  his  term  of  office  was  a  member  of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Railroads.  He  was  president  of  the  Mechanics' 
Exchange  of  Boston  when  he  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  Since  going 
to  Washington  he  has  been  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  of  the 

Court    of    Claims. 
Mr.    Moseley     is     a 
thirty-second  degree 
Mason  in  both  the 
Northern  and  South- 
ern  jurisdictions  ;    a 
noble  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine  ;    a   Knight 
Templar  ;    an    hono- 
r  a  r  y  member  of 
A.  W.  Hartlett   Post, 
G.    A.    R. ;    and    for 
several     years     was 
master    workman    of 
Mt.  Washington  As- 
sembly,    No.     3478, 
Knights  of  Labor. 
He    is    one    of    the 
most    exjsert    swim- 
mers and  canoeists  in 
America,   and    years 
ago  was  an  amateur 
boxer  of  great  note. 
His     life     has    been 
full  of  adventure. 
Few  men  have  such 
a   number    of  -loyal 
friends.    \V  hen,   in 
1891,  there  were  ru- 
mors of  a  change  in 
the  secretaryship    of 
the   Interstate   Commerce   Commission  a    spontaneous 
and   emphatic    protest    immediately  came  from    many 
men  of  national  prominence,  including  James  G.  Blaine, 
United    States    Senators    Dawes,    Chandler    and    Blair, 
Congressmen  Milliken  and  Crapo,  the  railroad  commis- 
sioners of  several  States,  P.  M.  Arthur,  of  the   Brother- 
hood of  Locomotive  Engineers,  and  many  railroad  cor- 
porations and  organizations  of   railroad  employees,  all 
expressing  the  hope  that  his  services  might  be  retained. 


262 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


RAILROAD  corporations,  which  in  many  States  with 
impunity   infringe    the    rights  and  disregard  the 
convenience  of  the  people,  are  in  Massachusetts  closely 
watched  by  a  railroad  commission,  which  since  its  estab- 
lishment has  made  a  most  enviable  record  in  the  correc- 
tion of  existing  abuses  and  wrongs,  and  in  showing  what 
improvements    were    most    needed    and  how  to  secure 
them.     The   youngest  member   of   this   commission   is 
William  J.  Dale,  Jr.,  who  was  appointed    in  December, 
1 89 1.     He  had  pre- 
viously   shown  what 
manner   of   man  he 
was  by  his  energetic 
performance    of  the 
duties  of  assistant 
postmaster   of    Bos- 
ton   under    General 
Corse,    by   his  con- 
duct of  large  manu- 
facturing    interests, 
and  by  his  manage- 
ment of   a  political 
campaign.   Mr.  Dale 
was  born  in  Boston 
April  15,  1850.     He 
is  the  son  of  Dr.  W. 
J.    Dale,    a    distin- 
guished physician, 
who  was  surgeon- 
general  of  Massa- 
chusetts, having 
been    appointed    by 
Governor  Andrew, 
and    holding    the 
office   for  nearly 
twenty  years  after 
the  close  of  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion. 
Removing    to    his 
ancestral  homestead 

in  North  Andover,  Mass.,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  Sur- 
geon-General Dale  and  his  son,  William  1.,  ha\e  resided 
there  for  most  of  the  time  since.  The  farm,  which  con- 
tains several  hundred  acres,  has  been  in  the  possession 
of  the  Dale  family  since  1636.  Mr.  Dale  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  Boston,  and  at  I'liillips  Academy, 
Andover.  He  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of 
the  School  Committee  of  .Andover,  and  for  several  terms 
was  its  chairman.     He  was  also  chairman  of  the  Board 


of  Selectmen  of  the  town.  In  December,  1886,  on  ac- 
count of  his  well-known  executive  abilities,  Mr.  Dale  was 
appointed  assistant  postmaster  of  Boston,  under  Post- 
master Corse,  assuming  the  duties  of  that  office  on  Jan. 
I,  1887,  and  continuing  in  the  position  until  the  change 
of  administration  and  the  incoming  of  Postmaster  Hart. 
During  his  term  of  office  Mr.  Dale  rendered  most  valua- 
ble assistance  to  General  Corse  in  the  many  radical 
reforms  which  the  latter  carried  out,  and  which  con- 
tributed greatly  t  o 
the  e  ffi  c  i  e  n  c  y  of 
the  postal  service  in 
Boston.  During  the 
political  campaign 
of  1 89 1  Mr.  Dale 
was  secretary  of  the 
Democratic  State 
Committee,  and  en- 
joyed the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  all 
the  party  leaders.  In 
December  of  that 
year  Governor  Rus- 
sell appointed  h  i  m 
to  the  Board  of 
Railroad  C  o  m  m  i  s  - 
sioners,  to  succeed 
the  late  Edward  W. 
Kinsley.  It  has 
proved  to  be  one  of 
the  wisest  of  the 
many  wise  appoint- 
ments made  by  (lov- 
ernor  Russell.  Mr. 
Dale  for  a  number  of 
years  was  president 
of  the  Exeter  Manu- 
facturing Company, 
Exeter,  N.  H.,  manu- 
facturers of  cotton 
goods.  He  is  a  member  of  the  First  Corps  of  Cadets, 
of  which  his  maternal  grandfather.  Colonel  Joseph  H. 
Adams,  was  at  one  time  commander.  Mr.  Dale  has 
been  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Music  Hall  Association 
of  Boston,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Somerset  Club,  the 
Boston  Athletic  Association,  and  various  social  organ- 
izations. He  was  married,  in  1891,  to  Miss  EHse  M. 
Ballou,  daughter  of  Murray  R.  Ballou,  chairman  of  the 
Boston  Stock  Exchange. 


WILLIAM   J.    DALE,   JR. 


BOSTON. 


26s 


JOHN  G.  LOW,  the  inventor  of  the  art  tiles  that 
bear  his  name,  has  developed  the  greatest  artistic 
industry  of  America  in  the  department  of  fictile  prod- 
ucts. Mr.  Low  studied  painting  in  Paris,  and  was 
long  a  leading  member  of  the  artists'  fraternity  in  Boston 
at  the  time  of  that  celebrated  semi-Bohemian  organiza- 
tion, the  Allston  Club,  of  which  he  was  a  member  along 
with  William  M.  Hunt,  Thomas  Robinson,  Joseph  Fox- 
croft  Cole  and  Albion  H.  Bicknell.  Perceiving  the 
capacity  for  the  artis- 
tic design  and  use  of 
tile  to  a  degree  im- 
mensely in  advance 
of  anything  done  at 
the  time,  while  the 
country  was  keenly 
alive  to  the  impulse 
imparted  to  artistic 
activity  by  the  Cen- 
tennial exhibition  at 
Philadelphia,  two 
years  before,  he,  with 
his  father,  Mr,  John 
Low,  f  o  u  n  d  e  (_1  i  n 
Chelsea,  in  1878,  the 
nucleus  of  the  great 
works  now  conducted 
by  the  Low  Art-Tile 
C  o  m  ])an  y  ,  —  the 
largest  establishment 
in  the  world  for  the 
production  of  this 
class  of  work.  The 
tiles  thus  produced 
were  of  a  new  order  ; 
a  revelation  in  the 
way  of  the  possibili- 
ties of  fictile  art. 
They  soon  became 
known    all    over    the 

artistic  world.  In  1880,  less  than  two  years  from  the 
birth  of  this  new  American  industry,  these  tiles  were 
awarded  in  London  a  ten-guinea  gold  medal  —  the 
highest  prize  —  over  all  the  English  manufacturers,  with 
the  experience  and  prestige  of  many  years  of  prosper- 
ous activity  behind  them.  Since  then,  at  Barcelona,  in 
Spain,  and  at  the  great  Exposition  Universelle  in  Paris, 
they  have  been  awarded  gold  and  silver  medals.  A  com- 
parison between  the  tiles  in  use  before  the  Low  tiles  were 


JOHN    G.    LOW 


made,  and  those  which  were  soon  turned  out  in  great 
quantities  at  Chelsea,  will  show  in  the  former  products 
which  now  seem  almost  of  a  primitive  crudeness  in 
design  and  color.  The  new  American  tiles  exhibited  a 
phenomenal  variety  and  attractiveness  in  shape,  size  and 
design.  For  the  first  time  tiles  were  made  in  relief, 
and  their  inventor,  with  a  remarkable  fertility  of  resource 
and  a  striking  talent  for  structural  design,  adapted  them 
to  form  decorative  parts  of  many  objects  of  every-day 

use  —  including 
stoves,  clocks,  furni- 
ture,  candlesticks, 
wine  coolers,  paper- 
weights, ash-trays, 
jardinieres,  etc. 
Great  as  is  their  use 
for  these  purposes, 
however,  the  most 
extensive  application 
yet  made  of  them  is 
in  the  recently  de- 
veloped tile  soda- 
fountains  that  are 
now  revolutionizing 
this  great  and  pecul- 
iarly American  busi- 
ness. These  fountains 
are  of  massive  con- 
struction and  most 
attractive  a  p  p  e  a  r- 
ance,  being  c  o  m  - 
posed  of  beautifully 
artistic  bas-relief 
panels  in  combina- 
tion with  rich  archi- 
tectural mouldings, 
making  objects  that 
are  extremely  deco- 
rative. The  care 
which  Mr.  Low  has 
taken  to  give  all  the  products  of  the  establishment  a 
thoroughly  artistic  character,  in  addition  to  their  ster- 
ling technical  merit,  has  been  at  the  base  of  his  suc- 
cess. An  artistic  triumph  of  the  works  was  the  produc- 
tion, a  few  years  ago,  of  a  series  of  "  plastic  sketches," 
made  in  a  limited  number,  and  now  having  the  value  of 
great  rarity  for  collectors.  Mr.  Low's  son,  John  F.  Low, 
is  associated  with  him,  and  to  his  rare  ability  as  a  chem- 
ist are  due  the  rich  and  delicate  color-tones  of  these  tiles. 


264 


MASSACIWSETrS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ARTHUR  S.  LELAND  was  born  and  bred  in  Boston. 
He   was  educated  in  pri\ate  schools,   attending 
C'hauncy   Hall  and  the   Institute  of   Technology.     He 
determined   early  in   his  career  to  educate   himself  in 
the  woollen  business.     His  first  year  of   business  was 
spent  in  examining  woollens  in  the  concern  of  MacuUar, 
Parker  &  Williams,  now  Macullar,  Parker  &  Co.,  in  1879. 
After  remaining  one  year  he  left  the  woollen  business 
temporarily  and  went  through  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Com- 
mercial College.    He 
then    went   into   the 
woollen    commission 
business    with     the 
concern    of    flowing 
i<:  Crew  (now  Cow- 
ing, Sawyer  &  Co.), 
of    New    York     and 
B  o  s  t  o  n  ,    a  n  d     at 
twenty-one  years   of 
age  he  became  their 
h  e  a  d  hook  -  keeper. 
From    Cowing    & 
(i  r  e  w  '  s   office    h  e 
went  to  Mackintosh, 
Green    &   Co.'s, 
where,  at  the  end  of 
one  year,  he  became 
their  head  salesman. 
At  this  house  during 
his  odd  hours,  gained 
by    early    rising,    he 
studied     law.     Here 
also    he    studied  the 
designing  and  weav- 
ing of  textiles.     His 
vacation  he  spent  in 
trying  to  perfect  him- 
self   in  his  business. 
He  was  a  weaver  in 
a  woollen    mill     in 

South  Boston,  and  endeavored  to  learn  carding  and 
spinning  in  Vermont.  He  was  also  wool  sorter  in  the 
Washington  Mills  in  Lawrence.  After  remaining  with 
the  house  two  years,  he  associated  himself,  at  twenty- 
three  years  of  age,  with  James  Walton,  of  Methuen, 
under  the  style  of  Walton  &  Leland.  His  business  now 
amounted  to  four  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars  in 
a  single  year.  It  was  during  this  time  that  Mr.  Leland 
went  into  the  Washington  Mills  as  wool  sorter,  reniain- 


ARTHUR    S.    LELAND 


ing  from  six  until  twelve  o'clock.  His  afternoons  were 
then  spent  at  his  mill  in  Methuen.  When  twenty-seven 
years  of  age  he  assumed  the  business  alone,  under  the 
name  of  A.  S.  Leland  &  Co.  Mr.  Leland  has  written 
articles  for  magazines  and  newspapers,  which  have  been 
received  with  the  consideration  they  deserve.  At  thirty 
years  of  age  he  sold  out  his  mill  property.  Although 
his  business  as  a  manufacturer  was  a  success,  Mr.  Leland 
at  this  time  concluded  to  enter  the  arena  of  banking. 

In  January,  1S90,  he 
formed  the  concern 
of  Leland,  Towle  & 
Co.,  which  has  from 
its  inception  been 
remarkably  success- 
ful. Mr.  Leland 
makes  a  business  of 
",  takmg  up  new  enter- 

prises and  obtaining 
for  t  h  e  m  sufficient 
capital  to  make  them 
successful.  Mr.  Le- 
land has  been  suc- 
cessful in  everything 
he  has  undertaken, 
and  has  never  been 
connected  with  any- 
thing  approaching 
failure.  As  an  organ- 
izer he  has  developed 
his  natural  talents  so 
perfectly  that  in 
a  period  of  eighteen 
months  the  birth  of 
three  new  companies 
and  the  revivifying 
of  two  old  ones,  all 
of  which  are  profit- 
able, attest  his  busi- 
ness  tact.  His 
opinion  and  experience  are  much  in  demand  by  corpo- 
rations and  concerns  wanting  advice.  His  firm  does  a 
large  commission  business  in  stocks  and  bonds.  The 
motto  that  nothing  succeeds  like  success  is  exemplified 
in  Mr.  Leland.  He  is  endowed  with  a  seemingly  inex- 
haustible capacity  for  work  and  has  the  faculty  of 
accomplishing  much  in  totally  different  lines  of  activity 
within  a  very  short  space  of  time.  As  he  is  still  in  the 
prime  of  life,  he  has  a  good  future  before  him. 


BOSTON. 


265 


IN    the  long  list  of  honored  names  of  Boston  financiers 
who  have  been  instrumental  in  the  development  of 
New  England  industries,  belongs  the  name  of  Spencer 
Welles  Richardson.     He   is  the   senior  partner  in  the 
banking  house  of  Richardson,  Hill  &  Co.,  one  of  the 
most  solid  and  conservative  of  all  the  financial  institu- 
tions of  Boston,  and  besides  this  has  multifarious  inter- 
rests  in  other  directions  which  identify  him  with  some 
of  the  most  prominent  facts  in  the  financial,  mercantile 
and  social  life  of  the 
Boston     of     to-day. 
He    was   born    in 
Princeton,     Mass., 
April   10,   1834,  and 
was  educated  in  the 
Boston  public  schools 
and    the     Brookline 
High     School.      He 
was  a  bright  scholar, 
as   is    shown  by  the 
fact  that  he  received 
the    Franklin    medal 
at  the  (Juincy  School 
in    Boston    in    1849. 
He    began   business 
life     in     the     ticket 
office  of  the  Boston 
&  Maine  Railroad  in 
Boston,  remaining 
there  a  year.    In  Feb- 
ruary,  1852,   he    en- 
tered   the    Boston 
office    of    the    treas- 
urer of   the  Laconia 
Company,   the    Pep- 
perell  Manufacturing 
Company,    and    the 
Saco    Water    Power 
Machine  Shop,  all  of 
Biddeford,  Me.     He 

was  employed  in  this  office  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Civil  War,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-fourth  Massa- 
chusetts Regiment,  and  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
captain  of  Company  K.  Mr.  Richardson  is  one  of  five 
brothers  who  served  in  the  Union  .\rmy  during  the  Re- 
bellion. After  returning  to  Boston,  the  banking  firm 
of  Dwight,  Richardson  &  Co.  was  estalilished,  in  1866, 
and  Mr.  Richardson  was  its  head  until  October,  1869, 


SPENCER    W.   RICHARDSON 


With  William  H.  Hill,  Jr.,  and  Edward  D.  Adams,  he 
founded,  Nov.  i,  1870,  the  present  banking  and  broker- 
age house  of  Richardson,  Hill  &  Co.  In  December  of 
the  same  year  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  the  Saco 
Water  Power  Machine  Shop,  of  Biddeford,  in  which 
position  he  still  remains.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the 
Boston  &  Bangor  Steamship  Company.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Mercantile  Library  Association  from  1854  to 
i860,  serving  on  its  board  of  directors,  on  its  lecture 

committee,  as  treas- 
urer,  and    as    presi- 
dent.     For     several 
years    he    was    con- 
nected officially  with 
the  New  England  Fe- 
male College,  until  it 
was     transferred     to 
the    Boston   Univer- 
sity.    He  is  at  pres- 
ent treasurer  and 
trustee  of   the   Mas- 
sachusetts H  o  m  02  o- 
pathic  Hospital,  and 
holds  many  [Jositions 
of    responsibility    as 
trustee  and   director 
of  other  institutions. 
Mr.  Richardson  is  a 
member  of  Benjamin 
Stone,   Jr.,   Post  68, 
Crand  Army  of    the 
Republic,  and  com- 
panion of   the   Mili- 
tary   Order    of    the 
Loyal     Legion.     He 
is  also  a  member  of 
the    Art,   Algonquin, 
and   Merchant s' 
clubs.     On  June  27, 
1864,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Mary  T.  Cumston,  daughter  of  the  late  William 
Cumston,  founder  of  the  firm  of  Hallett  &  Cumston, 
piano  manufacturers.     Mr.  and   Mrs.  Richardson  have 
three  sons,  —  William  Cumston  Richardson,  S.  B.,  grad- 
uated in  1 89 1  from  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology ;  Spencer  Cumston  Richardson,  now  at  Harvard, 
and  .A.mor    HoUingsworth   Richardson,  who    is    in    his 
father's  office.     Mr.  Richardson's  residence  is  on  Marl- 


\ 


after  which  for  a  year  he  continued  the  business  alone-      borough  Street,  Boston. 


266 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


IN  the  panorama  of  the  religious  history  of  Boston,  one 
of  the  most  conspicuous  figures  is  the  First  Religious 
Society  of  Roxbury,  which  was  founded  in  1631,  and  of 
which  John  F^liot,  "  the  Apostle  to  the  Indians,"  was  the 
second  minister.  The  church  has  had  a  long  line  of 
distinguished  pastors  whose  influence  was  ever  potent  in 
the  religious,  social  and  political  life  of  the  community. 
Rev.  James  De  Normandie,  the  present  pastor,  has 
more  than  sustained  the  high  reputation  of  the  church, 
for  when  he  first  took 
charge,  in  1883,  he 
found  the  society  in 
a  rather  disorganized 
condition.  He  im- 
mediately began  to 
buiUl  up  the  church 
and  put  into  it  new 
life  and  activity.  His 
efforts  have  been 
eminently  successful. 
Mr.  De  Normandie 
has  a  scholarly  mind 
and  is  a  pulpit  orator 
of  great  power.  The 
De  Nor  m  a  n  d  i  e 
family  is  one  of  the 
oldest  in  the  annals 
of  France,  going  from 
thence  to  Geneva  at 
the  time  of  Calvin. 
Andre  I  )e  Normandie 
was  the  first  of  the 
family  to  come  to 
.America.  He  settled 
at  Bristol,  Penn.,  in 
1706.  It  was  near 
here  that  fames  De 
Normandie  was  born, 
June  9,  1836.  His 
mother's  family,   the 

Yardleys,  were  of  English  (Quaker  descent,  coming  over 
with  William  Penn.  Mr.  De  Normandie  entered  Antioch 
College  (Ohio)  at  its  opening,  in  1853,  under  Horace 
Mann,  then  the  most  distinguished  educator  in  America, 
who  took  charge  of  this  college,  that  here,  without  the 
barriers  of  tradition,  he  might  carry  out  some  of  his 
high  moral  ideas  in  college  training.  After  graduating, 
Mr.  De  Normandie  taught  a  year  in  Washington  Uni- 
versity  at    St.    Louis,    and    then    entered    the    Harvard 


JAMES    DE    NORMANDIE 


Divinity  School.  Graduating  there  in  1S62,  he  was 
called  to  the  South  Parish,  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H., 
October,  1862,  as  the  successor  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  P. 
Peabody.  Here  he  became  prominent  in  all  the  educa- 
tional and  philanthropic  interests  of  that  town,  espe- 
cially during  the  struggle  of  the  Rebellion,  and  in  the 
work  of  the  Unitarian  denomination,  a  contributor  to  its 
periodicals,  a  director  for  several  years  of  the  American 
Unitarian  .Association,  and    chairman  of    the    National 

Conference  for  seven 
years.  After  being 
connected  with  the 
Unitarian  Review  in 
an  editorial  capacity 
for  some  time,  he 
assumed  entire 
charge  of  it  in  1882. 
His  pastorate  in 
Portsmouth  came  to 
a  close  in  1883, 
when,  after  having 
received  calls  to  sev- 
eral of  the  most 
prominent  churches 
of  the  Unitarian 
body, —  among  which 
were  the  First  Parish 
in  Portland,  Me.,  and 
the  Church  of  the 
Messiah  at  St.  Louis, 
—  he  acceptetl  the 
invitation  to  take 
charge  of  the  First 
Religious  Society  in 
Roxbury,  the  church 
made  famous  by  the 
long  ministry  of  the 
.Apostle  Eliot  in  its 
early  history,  and  at 
a  later  date  even 
more  so  by  the  remarkable  ministry  of  Dr.  Putnam,  who 
is  still  regarded  by  a  whole  generation  as  one  of  the 
most  eloquent  and  effective  preachers  Boston  ever  had. 
Since  1884,  Mr.  De  Normandie  has  been  president  of 
the  Board  of  'I'rustees  of  the  Roxbury  Latin  School, 
which  was  founded  about  the  time  of  the  great  grammar 
schools  of  England,  during  the  revival  of  classical 
learning.  In  this  capacity  his  erudition  and  scholarly 
attainments  have  proved  invaluable. 


BOSTON. 


l6j 


CHARLES   WESLEY  EMERSON,  M.  D.,  LL.  D., 
preacher,  author,  teacher,  orator,  and  founder  of 
the  Emerson  College  of  Oratory  of  Boston,  was  born  in 
Pittsfield,  Vt.,  Nov.  30,  1837,  the  son  of  'I'homas  and 
Mary  F.   (Hewitt)   Emerson.     He  comes  of   a  race  of 
ministers   and    learned    men,  and  is  a  remote  relative 
of   Ralph   Waldo   Emerson.     The  family  was  ennobled 
by    Henrv  VHL      Charles   Wesley   Emerson    laid    the 
foundation  of  his  educational  equipment  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native 
State,    supplemented 
by   several   years    of 
scientific,  philosoph- 
ical  and    theological 
study.    He  graduated 
from  the  Medical  Col- 
lege of  Philadelphia, 
and  coming  to  Bos- 
t  o  n   passed  through 
two  departments  — 
law  and  oratory  —  of 
the    Boston  Univer- 
sity. Completing  his 
theological  studies 
with  Rev.  Dr.  Tyler, 
he    was   ordained   to 
t  h  e    Congregational 
ministry  in  Windham 
C  o  u  n  t  y,    Vt.      For 
twenty    years     Dr. 
Emerson      preached 
with   phenomenal 
success,  holding  pas- 
torates in  several 
places    in     Vermont 
a  n  d    Massachusetts. 
He   built   up   weak 
parishes,  relieved 
churches  from  debt, 
and    everywhere 

preached  to  overflowing  congregations.  After  twenty 
years  of  incessant  pulpit  and  parish  work  his  health 
became  greatly  impaired,  and  the  resignation  of  his 
Fitchburg  pastorate  and  withdrawal  from  public  work 
became  necessary.  He  then  devoted  himself  to  the 
study  of  voice  and  physical  culture,  and  \isited  Eu- 
rope for  the  further  ]nirsuit  of  his  oratorical  studies. 
On  his  return  he  spent  some  time  in  s]jecial  study 
in   hospitals,    and    was    subsequently    elected  professor 


CHARLES    W.    EMERSON 


of  physiology  and  hygiene  of  the  voice  in  the  Bos- 
ton University  School  of  Oratory.  In  1880  he  opened 
a  school  of  oratory  and  physical  culture  in  Pemberton 
Square,  Boston,  giving  it  the  name  of  the  Monroe  Con- 
servatory of  Oratory.  'I'he  number  of  students  increased 
rapidly,  new  departments  were  added,  and  in  1886  the 
school  received  a  charter  from  the  State,  with  power  to 
confer  degrees,  and  become  the  Monroe  College  of 
Oratory.     Four  years  later,  by  legislative  enactment,  the 

name  of  the  institu- 
tion was  changed  to 
'  the  Emerson  Col- 

lege of  Oratory.  The 
school  now  occupies 
the  great  gran  i  t  e 
building,    corner    o  f 
Tremont  and  Berke- 
ley streets.    The  col- 
lege year  just  closed 
witnessed  an   at- 
tendance   of   fi\e 
hu  n  d  r  ed  students. 
The  faculty  includes 
Dr.  Emerson,   presi- 
dent ;      Henry     L. 
Southwick,    secre- 
tary:   Susie  Rogers 
Emerson,      principal 
of  the  department  of 
physical   culture  ; 
\Villiam  ].  Rolfe,  lec- 
turer  on    Shakes- 
peare;   John    \\'. 
Dickinson,     lecturer 
on  pyschology ;  Dan- 
iel   Dorchester, 
teacher    of    English 
literature;  S.  E. 
Sherman,  teacher  of 
anatomy  and  physi- 
ology;  H.   E.  Holt  and  Albert  C.  Cheney,  teachers  of 
singing  :  Jessie  Eldridge  Southwick,  teacher  of  dramatic 
expression  ;  C.  W.  Kidder,  professor  of  vocal  physiol- 
ogy ;    Professor    Trine,   teacher    of    rhetoric ;   and   six 
teachers   of   oratory,  expression    and    physical   culture. 
In    the   midst   of   a   busy  life,  Dr.  Emerson  has  found 
time  to  deliver  many  lectures,  and  has  recently  issued 
three  books,  —  "  The  Evolution  of  Expression,"  "  The 
Perfective  Laws  of  Art  "  and  "  Physical  Culture." 


268 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


JAMES    E.  COTTER,  a  leading  member  of  the  Bos- 
ton   bar,  and    president   of    the   Charitable   Irish 
Society  of  Massachusetts,  was  born   in  Ireland  in   1848. 
Left  motherless  in  childhood,  at  the  age  of  seven  years 
he  came  to  Marlboro,  Mass.,  where  his  father  became 
the  owner  of  a  small  farm,  upon  which,  and  other  farms, 
the  boy  worked  during  the  summer  months,  attending 
school   in  the  winter.     Having  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  that  town  and  at  the  Normal 
School   at  Bridge- 
water,  he  studied  law 
with  William  B.  Gale, 
of  Marlboro,  and  in 
January,     1874,    was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  Middlesex  County. 
Removing   to    Hyde 
Park      immediately 
thereafter,    he    has 
since   practised    h  i  s 
profession  in  Norfolk 
and  Suffolk  counties, 
his  office  being  in  the 
Sears   Building,  Bos- 
ton.    Almost    from 
the    very    start,    Mr. 
Cotter's  legal  career 
has   been    one    of 
marked      success. 
During   the   last  ten 
years  he  has  been  re- 
tained  in  a  number 
of    important    cases 
in  the  State  and  fed- 
eral     courts,     being 
counsel  in  suits  over 
the  water   supply  of 
cities  and  towns,  in- 
volving the  value  of 
franchise,     and     the 

l)roi)erty  and  rights  of  water  companies ;  also  in  land 
damage  suits,  in  a  variety  of  actions  of  tort  for  personal 
injuries  against  cities,  towns  and  railway  corporations, 
in  several  noted  will  cases,  and  in  actions  against  insur- 
ance companies.  He  was  senior  counsel  for,  and  suc- 
cessfully defended,  the  section  master  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  who  was  indicted  for  manslaughter  and 
charged  with  the  immediate  responsibility  for  the  terri- 
ble railroad  accident  of  Aug.  19,   iSgCj  known  as  the 


JAMES    E.    COTTER 


"  Quincy  disaster."  Mr.  Cotter  has  held  various  public 
positions  in  Hyde  Park.  He  has  been  chairman  of  the 
registrars  of  voters  ;  member  of  the  school  committee 
for  three  years,  the  last  year  (1888),  chairman;  town 
counsel  since  1878,  with  the  exception  of  one  year; 
chairman  of  the  general  committee  that  had  charge  of 
the  celebration  of  the  twentieth  anniversary  of  the 
incorporation  of  that  town  ;  vice-president  of  the  His- 
torical Society,  and  charter  member  and  director  of  the 

Hyde     Park     Social 
Club.     He  is  a  mem- 
ber of   the    Norfolk, 
Suffolk    and    Ameri- 
can Bar  associations. 
In   1874  and  in  1S77 
he    was    the    Demo- 
cratic  candidate  for 
district   attorney  for 
the  district,  compris- 
ing Norfolk  and  Ply- 
mouth counties,  and 
was     the     candidate 
of  his  party  for  pres- 
idential    elector     in 
1884.     He    has    de- 
clined    nominations 
to      other      political 
offices,    and    is    now 
devoting    his    whole 
attention  to  the  prac- 
tice   of    his    profes- 
sion.    In     March, 
1892,  he  was  unani- 
mously elected  pres- 
ident  of   the   Chari- 
table   Irish    Society, 
one  of   the  old   and 
honorable   bodies  of 
New  England,  many 
of  its  members  being 
prominent  and  influential  citizens  in  and  about  Boston. 
In  April,  1892,  he  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  the  United  States,  in  Washington,  1).  C, 
on  motion  of  Attorney-General  Pillsbury.     Mr.  Cotter 
was  married,  in  October,  1874,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  \\'alsh. 
Six  children  have  been  born  to  them,  fi\e  of  whom  are 
living.     His    residence    is    in    Sunnyside,    Hyde    Park. 
Not  yet  past  his  jirime,  Mr.  Cotter  may  well  anticipate 
many  years  of  honorable  achievement. 


BOSTON. 


269 


OF   Henry   Austin,   one  of  the   most  lirilliant  and 
versatile  of    the    younger    generation    of    New 
England  poets,  it  has  been  said  by  a  famous  critic,  that, 
as  a  master  of  the  laws  of  versification,  he  has  no  living 
superior.     But  Henry  Austin  is  not  a  mere  versifier  — 
he    is    both    poet   and    philosopher.      Edward   Everett 
Hale  has  said  :  "  Mr.  Austin  really  has  the  eye  which 
perceives  the  analogy  between  things  visible  and  things 
invisible,  and  he  possesses  the  lyric  swing."     His  life 
has  been  full  of  in- 
teresting incident 
and  adventure,  a  n  d 
in    many    lands    he 
has  gathered  the  ma- 
terial for  his  produc- 
tions.   Henry  Austin 
was     born    in     West 
Roxbury,   near  Bos- 
ton, Feb.   25,  1858. 
After   attending  the 
p  u  b  li  c   schools    of 
Dorchester,   he    was 
fitted  for  Harvard  at 
St.    Mark's    School, 
Southboro.     Instead 
of    matriculating    at 
Cambridge,     h  o  w  - 
ever,    he  started  on 
a  tour  of  the  West- 
ern States,  and  be- 
fore   his    return    to 
Boston    had    visited 
Japan,    China,    Ma- 
lacca, India,  Egypt, 
and    Spain.      Enter- 
ing Harvard,  he 
stiulied  for   a   time, 
but   did   not  gradu- 
ate.     His    name, 
however,    is   carried 

on  the  rolls  of  the  class  of  1878.  Going  abroad  again, 
he  spent  some  time  in  .'\ustralia  and  England,  after 
which  he  returned  to  this  country  and  became  con- 
nected with  the  newspaper  press  of  Baltimore  and 
Washington  as  reporter,  editorial  writer  and  art  critic. 
For  two  years  he  did  considerable  drai\iatic  work,  trans- 
lating from  the  French  several  comic  operas  now  the 
property  of  Charles  Ford,  of  Baltimore.  He  then  went 
to  New  Orleans,  and  while  there  wrote  many  notable 


magazine  articles.     From  the    Southern  metropolis  he 
went  to  Arkansas,  and  in  (jarland  County  of  that  State 
he  ])ublished  and  edited  a  daily  newspaper.     Returning 
to    New  Orleans    and   joining   the    staff   of    the    Times- 
Democrat,  he  remained  there    several   years.      During 
this  period  he  did  a  great  deal  of  work  for  the  press  in 
general,    sending    syndicate    letters    regularly  to   over 
thirty  American  newspajjers.     Mr.  Austin  was  also  an 
official  of  the  famous  but  ill-starred  New  Orleans  Expo- 
sition.     Relinquish- 
ing   journalism,     he 
went    into    business 
for  two  years,  during 
which    his    pen    was 
busy  only    at    inter- 
vals.     Receiving  an 
invitation  to  join  the 
editorial  staff  of  the 
Boston    Herald,    h  e 
accepted  it,  and  re- 
m  a  i  n  e  d   with    that 
liaper  for  two  years. 
He    then    started    a 
literary  syndicate 
in    connection   with 
the  Boston  Traveller, 
which  he  continued 
f  o  r  a  t  i  m  e  .    Mr. 
.i^ustin    was    actively 
interested     in    the 
Nationalist    m  o  v  e  - 
ment  from  its  incep- 
tion, and  was  one  of 
the    leading    spirits 
in  the   formation  of 
its   clubs.    _He    was 
the     editor    of    the 
"  Nationalist    Maga- 
zine "  during  its  first 
year.      For    the  last 
two  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  general  literary  work, 
"  producing  books  for  publishers,"  as  he  modestly  puts 
it.    Some  of  the  best  of  his  poems  have  been  collected  in 
a  volume  entitled  "  Vagabond  Verses  "  (Boston,  1890). 
Mr.  Austin  is  residing  at  present  (1892)  in  Boston,  tem- 
porarily, and  is  engaged  in  compiling  a  curious  book  to 
be  called  "  The  Pathos,  Picturesqueness  and  Philosophy 
of  Crime."     He  is  also  writing  a  novel  in  verse,  illustra- 
tive of  present  social  conditions. 


HENRY    AUSTIN. 


270 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


FRANCIS    A.    WALKER. 


[See  Portrait  on   Page  8.] 


GENERAL  FRANCIS  A.  WALKER,  chairman  of 
the  Board  of  World's  Fair  Managers  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  president  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology,  is  a  veteran  in  the  public  life  of  the 
country.  A  son  of  the  economist,  Amasa  Walker, 
Francis  A.  Walker  was  born  in  Boston  on  July  2,  1840, 
graduated  at  Amherst  in  i860,  and  began  the  study  of 
law  at  Worcester.  He  joined  the  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teers, and  ser\ed  with  distinction  in  the  war,  leaving 
the  army  as  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  For 
a  time  he  taught  the  classic  languages  in  the  Williston 
Seminary,  and  was  later  an  assistant  editor  of  the  Spring- 
field Republican.  In  1869  he  became  chief  of  the  Bu- 
reau of  Statistics  in  the  United  States  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, and  in  1870  superintendent  of  the  ninth  census. 
During  1871  and  1872  he  held,  in  addition  to  the 
superintendency  of  the  census,  the  ofifice  of  commis- 
sioner of  Indian  affairs.  In  1873  he  was  elected  profes- 
sor of  political  economy  and  history  in  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  of  Yale  University,  and  held  this  posi- 
tion until  1 88 1,  when  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology.  During  this 
period  he  occupied  public  positions  as  chief  of  the 
Bureau  of  ."V wards  at  the  Philadelphia  Exposition,  and  as 
superintendent  of  the  tenth  census.  He  also  served  as 
one  of  the  LTnited  States  Commissioners  at  the  Interna- 
tional Monetary  Conference  of  1878,  a  position  which 
he  was  obliged  to  decline  in  connection  with  the  con- 
ference of  1892.  President  Walker  is  an  active  member 
of  scientific  bodies,  and  has  contributed  much  to  their 
success.     He  is  vice-president  of  the  National  .\cademy 


of  Sciences,  president  of  the  American  Statistical  Asso- 
ciation, member  of  the  Advisory  Committee  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  presi- 
dent of  the  Military  Historical  Society  of  Massachusetts, 
and  was  president  of  the  American  Economic  Associa- 
tion for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
International  Statistical  Institute,  and  an  honorary  fel- 
low of  the  Royal  Statistical  Society  of  England.  The 
degree  of  LI,.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  in  1881  by 
Amherst  and  Vale,  in  1883  by  Harvard,  in  1887  by  Co- 
lumbia, in  1888  by  St.  Andrews,  Scotland,  and  in  1892 
by  the  University  of  Dublin.  His  oflicial  writings  in- 
clude annual  reports  as  superintendent  of  the  ninth 
census,  1870-72,  as  commissioner  of  Indian  affairs, 
1872,  and  as  superintendent  of  the  tenth  census,  1879- 
81,  and  the  following:  "Commerce  and  Navigation 
of  the  United  States,"  two  volumes,  1868-69;  "Ninth 
Census,"  four  volumes,  1872-73;  "Statistical  Atlas  of 
the  United  States,"  1874  ;  "  Judges'  Report  on  .Awards," 
eight  volumes,  1878;  "Tenth  Census,"  twenty-four  vol- 
umes, 1883,  ct  scq.  President  Walker  has  been  a  fre- 
quent contributor  to  the  reviews,  has  delivered  numerous 
addresses  on  economic,  educational  and  military  themes, 
and  has  published  the  following  works:  "The  Indian 
Question,"  Boston,  1874  ;  "The  Wages  Question,", New 
York,  1876;  "Money,"  New  York,  1878;  "Money, 
Trade  and  Industry,"  1879;  "Land  and  Its  Rent," 
Boston,  1883;  "Political  Economy,"  New  York,  1883 
and  1887  ;  "History  of  the  Second  .Army  Corps,"  New 
York,  1886;  "First  Lessons  in  Political  Economy," 
New  York,  1889. 


BOSTON. 


271 


MANAGER  of  the  New  England  department  of  the 
New  York  Life  Insurance  Company,  a  position 
of  great  responsibility,  Benjamin  Shreve  Calef  has  for 
years  been  prominent  and  influential  in  insurance  cir- 
cles, and  is  recognized  as  having  done  much  to  elevate 
the  standards  and   the  methods  of   the  business.     He 
was  born  in  Maine,  but  his  parents  moving  to  Salem, 
Mass.,    he   was    educated    there,    graduating   from   the 
English   High  School.     He    then   went   to    New   York 
City  and  commenced 
his    business    career 
as   clerk    in   an   im- 
porting    house.      At 
the  breaking  out  of 
the  war,  in  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  Ninth 
Regiment,  New  York 
State    Militia.     This 
regiment,  which  was 
the    first    to   go   out 
from    New   York    in 
response  to  the  call 
for    three    years' 
troops,   relieved    the 
Seventh     Regiment, 
which  had  gone  out 
for   ninety   days. 
Later,    having    been 
promoted    to   major, 
he  assisted  in  organ- 
izing the  three  regi- 
ments of  the  famous 
Berdan    Sharpshoot- 
ers,   and    afterwards 
served    on    the    staff 
of  Major-General 
D.  B.  Birney,  of  the 
Third    Army   Corps. 
Major  Calef  was 
taken  prisoner  in  the 

battle  of  the  Wilderness,  May  6,  1864,  and  was  ex- 
changed in  December  of  the  same  year.  On  returning 
home  he  received,  in  recognition  of  his  services,  an 
appointment  from  President  Lincoln  as  captain  and 
aide-de-camp  of  volunteers.  His  health  having  been 
much  impaired  by  his  imprisonment,  he  was  unable 
to  accept  the  appointment,  and  resigned  from  the  army 
in  1865.  In  the  autumn  following  the  close  of  the  war, 
Major  Calef  associated  himself  with  one  of  the  oldest 


importing  firms  in  Boston,  from  which  he  retired  soon 
after  the  great  Boston  fire  of  1872.  In  1873  he  entered 
upon  the  business  of  life  insurance  with  the  LInited 
States  Life  Company.  He  subsequently  was  connected 
with  the  Mutual  Life,  and  in  1879  entered  the  service  of 
the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company  in  Boston,  and 
was  appointed  manager  of  the  New  England  branch  of 
the  company  in  1880,  which  position  he  continues  to 
hold.     Major  Calef  was  one   of   the  organizers  of  the 

Boston  Life  Under- 
writers'   Association, 
its    first    vice-presi- 
dent,   and    second 
president.     He    was 
also     prominent     in 
organizing    the    Na- 
tional Association  of 
Life  Underwriters  in 
1890,    and    was    the 
first  chairman  of  its 
executive  committee, 
to  which  position  he 
was   again    unani- 
mously elected  at  the 
annual  convention  in 
New  York    in    1892. 
Major     Calef     is     a 
prominent   figure   in 
the    business    circles 
of  Boston.     He  is  a 
man   of   extended 
social  relations,  hav- 
ing   held    honorable 
positions  in  many  of 
the  leading  clubs  and 
public   organiwtions 
of  Boston.     The  pa- 
triotic spirit  and  te- 
nacity    of     purpose 
that  has  marked  his 
career  is  an  exemplification  of  the  influence  of  hered- 
ity.     His    paternal  grandfather   and   great-grandfather 
were  officers  in  the  army  of  the  Revolution,  and  Robert 
Calef,  of  Boston,  will  be  remembered  as  the  successful 
antagonist  of  Cotton  Mather,  in  the  days  of  the  Salem 
witchcraft  delusion.     Major  Calef  is  a  handsome,  sol- 
dierly man,  still   in   the   prime   of  life.     His   demeanor 
is  vigorous  though  courtly.     Mr.  Calef's  residence  is  on 
Marlborough  Street,  Boston. 


BENJAMIN    S.    CALEF, 


272 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


x\K 


HUGH    O'BRIEN    has    accomplished    as    much    as 
any   other   living    man    for    the    cause   of   good 
municipal  government  in  Boston.     For  four  years,  from 
1885  to  1888,  inclusive,  he  was  mayor  of  the  city,  and 
his  administrations  were  singularly  able  and  free  from 
blemish.     The    quality  of    the    man  and   of  his    public 
service  are  evident  from  this  extract  from  his  inaugural 
address  in  1886  :  "If  the  mayor  stops  waste  and  extrava- 
gance he  makes  determined  and  unscrupulous  enemies 
of    men  whose    sole 
object     is     public 
plunder,  and  who  do 
not  hesitate  to  resort 
to  any  means  to  ac- 
complish their  ends. 
Regardless  of  threats, 
regardless  sometimes 
of   adverse   criticism 
from  parties  who  do 
not    understand    the 
facts,    I    have    given 
no   quarter   the    past 
year  to  any  who  have 
abused    the    trusts 
confided    to    the  m  , 
and     with    such    an 
emphatic      endorse- 
ment  from    my   fel- 
low-citizens,    I    feel 
encouraged  to  go  on 
with  the  work.    Poli- 
tical  tricksters,  who 
have     merely     some 
selfish     purpose     to 
gratify,   will    receive 
no  countenance  from 
me,   no  matter  what 
party   they    may   be 
identified    with     for 
the    time   being.     It 

is  by  yielding  to  these  men,  on  account  of  the  few  votes 
that  they  control,  that  municipal  gover]iments  in  all  the 
large  cities  of  the  country  have  become  a  synonym  for 
waste  and  extravagance  and  corruption."  And  Mayor 
O'Brien  was  as  good  as  his  word.  He  was  born  in  Ire- 
land, July  13,  1827.  When  he  was  five  years  of  age  his 
jjarents  came  to  this  country,  and  he  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Boston,  graduating  from  the 
grammar  school  that  stood  on   Fort  Hill.     When  in  his 


JS^'- 


-m 


twelfth  year  he  entered  the  office  of  the  Boston  Courier, 
to  learn  the  printing  trade.  From  the  Courier  oflfice  he 
went  to  the  book  and  job  office  of  Tuttle,  Dennett  & 
Chisholm,  of  which  he  became  foreman  at  the  age  of 
fifteen.  Several  years  later  he  founded  the  S/iippins;  and 
Comiuercial  List,  of  which  he  was  long  the  editor  and 
publisher.  His  public  career  began  in  1875,  when  he 
was  elected  to  the  Board  of  Aldermen.  He  was  re-elected 
in  1876  and  1877;  defeated  in   1878;  again  elected  in 

1879,    1880,    188 1, 
1883,  and  was  chair- 
man   of    the    board 
la^K  during  the  last  four 

-•-•'''•■•  years  of   his  service. 

He  was  a   friend   of 
the  laboring  interest, 
securing  the  passage 
of  an  ordinance  regu- 
1  a  t  i  n  g   payment    to 
workingmen  by  con- 
tractors with  the  city. 
He  urged  the  aboli- 
tion  of   the  poll-tax 
as  a  prerequisite  for 
voting,    advocated 
the  purchase  of  large 
areas    for   public 
parks,  and  was  iden- 
tified with  the  work 
of   securing  the   im- 
proved sewerage  sys- 
tem   and    enlarging 
the    water   supply. 
He    has    held    the 
office    of    treasurer 
and  general  manager 
of  the  Brush  Electric 
Light     C  o  m  p  any, 
president    of    the 
Union  Institution  for 
Savings,  treasurer  of  the  Franklin  Typographical  Society 
for  many  years,  trustee  of  the  St.  Vincent  Orphan  Asy- 
lum, and  has  long  been  a  recognized  authority  on  all 
matters  relating  to  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  city. 
He  has  always  been  a  firm  believer  in  the  future  growth 
of  Boston,  and  as  alderman  and  mayor,  covering  a  period 
of  eleven  years  of  active  service,  was  a  prominent  factor 
in  carrying  out  many  reforms  that  have  placed  Boston  at 
the  head  of  the  municipal  governments  of  the  country. 


HUGH    O'BRIEN 


BOSTON. 


273 


CHARLES  H.  ANDREWS  has  for  many  years  been 
a  prominent  figure  in  tlie  journalistic  circles   of 
Boston,  both  as  editor  and  as  publisher.     He  was  born 
in  Boston,  Jan.  29,  1834,  the   son  of  Justin  and  Tamar 
Andrews.     After  his  graduation  from  the  English  High 
School  of  Boston  he  began  his  journalistic  career  in  the 
office  of   the  New  York  Pathfiiulcr,  a  weekly  journal,  as 
assistant  editor,  being  then  only  seventeen  years  of  age. 
In  April,    1852,  he   entered  the  service  of  the  Boston 
Herald,  and  his  con- 
nection   w  i  t  h    that 
paper  is    notable    in 
many   respects.     On 
March   i,    1888,   Mr. 
Andrews  retired  from 
active   journalistic 
labors,    after    having 
been  continuously  in 
the    service    of    the 
Herald    for     very 
nearly       thirty-six 
years.      During    the 
greater   part  of   this 
long  term  he  was  the 
news   editor   of    the 
paper,    and     in     all 
those   years  he    lost 
in  the  aggregate  less 
than     one     month's 
time    from    active 
duty.     Any  mention 
in   detail  of   the  ca- 
reer of  Mr.  Andrews 
must   necessarily  be 
also  a  mention  of  the 
Boston  Hei-ald,  vvh  i  c  h 
for  over  half  a  cen- 
tury has  been  a  rep- 
resentative,    leading 
and  influential  news- 
paper.    The  Herald  is  one  of  the  popular  newspapers 
of  Boston  and  of  New  England,  its  circulation  is  e<|ualled 
by  that  of  only  one  of  the  other  eight  dailies  in  the  city, 
and  its  business  patronage  is  extensive  and  profitable. 
The  first  issue  of  the  Herald  vizs,  in  1846,  as  an  evening 
publication,  "  neutral  in  politics."     It  was  small,  of  only 
four  pages  and  twenty  columns,  and  sold  for  one  cent. 
In    1847   the  American   Eagle  was   absorbed,   and  ten 
years  later  the  Daily  Times.     The  success  of  the  Herald 


CHARLES    H,    ANDREWS 


was  assured  from  the  start.  In  its  second  year  it  was 
enlarged  and  it  appeared  morning,  evening  and  weekly. 
In  185 1  the  weekly  edition  was  suspended,  and  a  few 
years  later  a  Sunday  edition  started.  In  1854  it  was 
again  enlarged,  and  in  1869  it  came  out  in  its  present 
form,  though  of  late  years  it  has  appeared  on  at  least 
four  or  five  days  of  the  week  as  a  ten  or  twelve-page 
paper,  and  on  Sunday  with  from  twenty-four  to  thirty- 
two   pages.     The  Sunday  edition  of  the    Herald  easily 

ranks  with  the  very 
best   publications  of 
its    kind.     In    1869 
the   paper   was  pur- 
chased    by     R.    M. 
Pulsifer  &   Co.,    the 
partners  being  R.  M. 
Pulsifer,  E.   B.   Has- 
kell and  Charles  H. 
Andrews.      In    1888 
the    paper   was    put 
into  the   hands  of  a 
close  corporation,  the 
stockholders  being 
the    old   proprietors, 
together  with  \\.  H. 
Woods,     John    H. 
Holmes   and    Fred 
E.  Whiting.     Of  this 
corporation  Mr. 
Andrews  is  now  vice- 
p  resident,    and 
though  he  has  relin- 
quished much  of  his 
active  participation 
in  the  management  of 
^      the  paper,  he  main- 
tains a  deep  interest 
in   it  and   its  steady 
onward  progress,  and 
much  of  his  attention 
is  given  to  its  service.     Mr.  Andrews'  wife  was  Joseiihine 
Maralio,   and    they    have    four    children,  —  Charles   S., 
Edward   J.,    Blanche    and    George    H.   Andrews.     His 
residence  is  on  Beacon  Street.     It  is  as  a  keen,  practical 
steady   and    conservative   journalist   that   Mr.  Andrews 
ranks  among  his  fellow-craftsmen,  who  admire  him  for 
his  useful  ciualities  and  steadfast  industry  as  much  as 
they  like  him  for  the  sociability  that  distinguishes  the 
other  side  of  his  character. 


274 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


TO  awake  and  find  himself  famous,  to  be  suddenly 
classed  among  the  leaders  of  thought  who  but  the 
day  before  had  never  e\en  heard  his  name,  —  that  has 
been  the  fortune  of  Solomon  Schindler,  the  celebrated 
Jewish  rabbi  of  Boston,  to  whose  utterances  the  public 
has  listened  so  attentively  during  the  last  half  dozen 
years.     Solely  by  his  intellectual  power  has  he  made  a 
reputation  that  others  have  striven  for  a  lifetime  to  gain, 
and   Rabbi   Schindler,  the  rationalist,  the  thinker,  the 
student  of  sociolog- 
ical   problems,    is   a 
figure  in  the  circles 
of  cultured  Boston 
that  is  at  once  their 
ornament  and    their 
example.     His   c  a  - 
reer   is    tinged    with 
romance,       and 
warped,  too,  with 
vicissitudes        that 
make    the    promi- 
nence of  his  present 
position    the    more 
emphatic  by  contrast. 
He    was    born   at 
Neisse,  in  Silesia,  in 
1842.     His  father 
was  an  official  of  the 
local  Jewish  church, 
and   his   mother  the 
daughter  of  a  noted 
Talmud  scholar  of  a 
neighboring   t  o  w  n  . 
He  was  destined  for 
the    rabbinical    pro- 
fession, but  the  pe- 
c  u  liar   forces    that 
were    to    shape    the 
career  of   the  youth 
were  already  at  work 

in  the  liberalizing  of  the  times.  The  more  he  studied 
the  book  of  his  ancestors  the  greater  became  his  dis- 
belief in  many  of  its  teachings.  "  1  cannot  believe  in 
our  Bible,"  he  said  once,  when  only  nine  years  old,  "  it 
does  not  seem  reasonable  to  me."  Nevertheless,  at  the 
age  of  thirteen,  upon  the  death  of  his  mother,  he  was 
sent  to  Breslau  to  continue  his  rabbinical  studies.  But 
he  was  learning  against  his  natural  tendencies,  and  soon 
gave  up  his  studies.     He  entered  business  life,  for  which 


\ 


SOLOMON    SCHINDLER 


he  was  wholly  unfitted  by  nature,  and  in  which  he  did 
not  succeed.  Two  or  three  years  later  he  was  admitted 
as  a  government  proteg^  to  a  Catholic  seminary  at  Ober- 
Glogau,  and  in  two  years  finished  the  three  years'  course, 
passing  his  final  examination  as  a  teacher  at  Breslau.  He 
was  subsequently  a  private  tutor  in  \Vestphalia  and  in 
Dortmund.  He  married,  and,  with  the  aid  of  his  wife, 
established  a  boarding-school,  which  he  managed  suc- 
cessfully until  1871,  when  he  offended  the  Government 

by  a  radical  political 
speech  and  was  com- 
pelled   to    flee   from 
the    country.      With 
a  wife  and  three  chil- 
dren, but  with  neither 
money    nor    friends, 
he    landed    in    New 
York  in  July,    1871. 
Accepting  aid  of  no 
one,    he    became    a 
pedler  on  the  streets, 
and    afterward    suc- 
ceeded in  obtaining 
work  in    a  saw-mill. 
At  last,  when  his  af- 
fairs   were    at    their 
lowest    ebb,    he   was 
invited  to  take  charge 
of  a  Jewish  congre- 
gation just  formed  in 
Hoboken,  N.  J.    His 
salary  was  only  five 
h  u  n  d  r  e  d  dollars  a 
year,   but    he  added 
to  his  income  by 
teaching   in   a   Ger- 
man-American acad- 
emy.     In    1874    he 
was    called     to    the 
pastorate  of    the 
Temple  Adath  Israel,  in  Boston,  and  has  remained  here 
ever  since.     His  Friday  evening  lectures  on  "  Messianic 
Expectations,"  which  he  delivered  in  1887,  brought  him 
at  once  into  public  notice  and  established  his  reputa- 
tion as  a  vigorous  and  original  thinker.     His  lectures 
have  been  continued  since  then,  and  by  means  of  them 
he  has  contributed  much  to  the  religious  and  sociological 
literature  of  the  day.     Rabbi  Schindler  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Boston  School  Committee  for  several  years. 


BOSTON. 


275 


TO   the   readers  of    Boston  newspapers   for   the  last 
fifty  years  the  firm  name  of  Samuel  Hatch  &:  Co. 
has  been  as  familiar  as  a  household   word.     'I'here  is 
probably  no  house  in  Boston  that  has  been  more  closely 
identified    with,   and    thoroughly   acquainted   with,  the 
real  estate  interests  of  the  city,  or  through  which  more 
transfers  of  houses  and  building  lots  have  been  made. 
Having  been  established  in  1835,  not  many  years  after 
the  incorporation  of  Boston  as  a  city,  the  firm  has  seen 
the  New  England 
metropolis  quadruple 
in  size    and    popula- 
tion,  and    has   been 
one  of  the  factors  in 
its     development. 
The  firm  was  founded 
by     Samuel     Hatch, 
who  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  the  auc- 
tion and  commission 
business     in      New 
England,    and     for 
over    half   a  century 
the  house  has  main- 
tained its  high  repu- 
tation   for  reliability 
and  enterprise.    The 
present  junior  mem- 
ber of  the  firm,  Mr. 
Pldward    Hatch,  was 
born  in  Boston.     His 
education    was     ob- 
tained at  the  public 
schools,  which  he  left 
in     1859.     Three 
years   later   he  went 
to  work  in  the  auc- 
tion   house    of    his 
uncle,  Samuel  Hatch, 
and,  as  employee  or 

partner,  has  been  with  the  firm  ever  since.  The  firm  of 
Samuel  Hatch  &  Co.,  at  the  time  Mr.  Edward  Hatch 
became  connected  with  it,  was  located  at  the  corner  of 
Water  and  Devonshire  streets,  where  it  remained  until 
1867.  In  that  year  the  business  was  removed  to  No.  3 
Morton  Place,  remaining  at  this  stand  until  the  great 
fire  in  November,  1S72.  Its  office  having  been  burned 
in  that  fire,  the  firm  opened  another  in  the  Traveller 
Building  at  No.  9  Congress  Street,  and  has  continued 


EDWARD    HATCH. 


there  ever  since.     Mr.  I'klward  Hatch  was  admitted  to 
the  firm  in  1872,  and  for  the  last  twenty  years  his  name 
has  been  prominent  in  many  of  the  heavy  real  estate 
transactions  of    the   city,   particularly  in   those    of  the 
South  End  and  the  Highlands.     He  conducts  a  general 
auctioneering   business,    selling    houses,    building   lots, 
farms,  and  city  and    suburban    property  of   all    kinds. 
Besides  doing  a  large  business  in  real  estate,  the  firm 
also  sells  household   effects,  furniture,  stocks  and  mer- 
chandise  of   every 
description,      giving 
especial  attention  to 
the  sale  of   real    es- 
tate     and     business 
chances.      All     sales 
entrusted  to  him  are 
certain  to  be  handled 
in  the  most  judicious 
and  satisfactory  man- 
ner.      Mr.     Edward 
Hatch  is  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Real 
Estate  Exchange  and 
Auction    Board, 
which  was  organized 
in  1889  for  the  pur- 
pose   of     furnishing 
information    to    real 
estate    men,    and    to 
promote    their    gen- 
eral interests.     It  is 
modelled    somewhat 
upon  the  plan  of  the 
New  York  Exchange, 
and   is   one    of    the 
most    effective     and 
successful     organiza- 
tions of   business 
men    in    New   Eng- 
land.    His    duties 
as  director  of  the  exchange,  added  to  the  management 
of  his  own  affairs,  keep  Mr.  Hatch  fully  employed.     Mr. 
Hatch  is  a  member  of  a  number  of  social  organizations, 
including  the  Norfolk  and  Massachusetts  Vacht  clubs, 
the    Mercantile    Library   Association    and   the    Boston 
.Athletic  Association.     He  is  also  secretary  of  the  Bunt- 
ing Club,  and  ex-treasurer  of  the  Gardeners'  and  Flor- 
ists' Club.     Mr.    Hatch    is    extremely  popular  both    in 
business  and  in  social  circles. 


276 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  eloquent  advocate,  Thomas  J.  Gargan,  is  a  true 
Bostonian,  having  been  born  in  the  New  P^ngland 
metropolis  Oct.  27,    1844.     His   parents,  Patrick    and 
Rose  Gargan,  were  desirous  of  giving  him  a  thorough 
education,   and    in    addition    to    the    excellent   course 
obtained   at   the   public    schools,    he    received    private 
instruction  in  literature  and  the  classics  at   the  hands 
of  Rev.   Peter  Krose,  S.  J.,  by  whom  he  was  prepared 
for  the  Boston  University  Law  School.     He  entered  this 
institution,    and    in 
1873  was  graduated 
therefrom,   receiving 
the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
He    added    to   his 
legal   equipment    by 
a  course  of    reading 
in  the   law  office  of 
Hon.     Henry    W. 
Paine.     Mr.  Gargan, 
while    still    in   his 
teens,  responded,  in 
1S63,  to  the   call  of 
the  Government   for 
troops,    and    was 
mustered   into   the 
United    States     ser- 
vice with  a  commis- 
sion as  second  lieu- 
tenant.     At    the 
expiration  of   his 
term    of    service    he 
was    honorably    dis- 
charged.     During 
part   of    his    career. 
Mr.  Gargan  followed 
commercial  pursuits. 
At  the  age  of  twenty 
he  had  charge  of  the 
Boston  house  of  the 
dry    goods    firm    of 

Wilkinson,  Stetson  &  Co.,  agents  for  A.  &  W.  Sprague, 
and  Hoyt,  Sprague  &  Co.  While  devoted  to  his  profes- 
sion and  giving  the  major  portion  of  his  time  to  his 
large  practice,  Mr.  Gargan  takes  a  deep  interest  in  all 
questions  respecting  the  public  welfare.  During  his 
active  life  he  has  held  many  positions  of  trust.  In 
1873  and  1874  he  was  president  of  the  Charitable  Irish 
Society.  In  1868,  1870  and  1876  he  served  in  the 
lower   branch  of   the    Massachusetts    Legislature.     He 


THOMAS   J.    GARGAN 


was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor  in 
1875,  and  in  1877-78  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
License  Commissioners  of  Boston.  Mr.  Gargan  was  a 
member  of  the  Boston  Board  of  Police  in  1880  and 
1881.  His  eloquence  and  patriotism,  which  are  the 
heritage  of  his  race,  are  frequently  called  into  requisi- 
tion. He  delivered  the  Fourth  of  July  oration  in 
Boston  in  1885,  and  in  the  following  year  delivered  the 
oration  at  the  centennial  of  the  Charitable  Irish  Society 

of  Halifax,  N.  S- 
Mr.  Gargan  was 
married  in  Boston, 
in  September,  1867, 
to  Catharine  L., 
daughter  of  Law- 
rence and  Catharine 
McGrath.  The 
death  of  this  lady, 
which  occurred  in 
■f^  the    year    1892,   was 

lft>»v  *  the    one    irreparable 

.  M  misfortune    that   has 

% 

cast  a  shadow  upon 

the  life  of  the  bril- 
1  i  a  n  t  orator.  M  r . 
Gargan  has  a  beau- 
tiful summer  resi- 
dence at  Marble- 
head,  where  he  lives 
during  the  genial 
months  of  the  year. 
Mr.  Gargan  is  an 
earnest  student  of 
political  economy, 
and  in  his  public 
life  he  has  already 
made  for  himself  an 
honorable  record. 
He  is  an  enthusiastic 
advocate  of  tariff  re- 
form and  a  firm  believer  in  clean  political  methods. 
His  oratory  is  fervid  and  brilliant.  Perhaps  the  great- 
est effort  of  his  life  was  his  jjowerful  speech  before  the 
Charitable  Irish  Society  at  Halifax.  Mr.  tlargan's  high 
standing  at  the  Massachusetts  bar  and  his  excellent 
political  record  conspire  to  make  him  one  of  the  most 
influential  citizens  in  the  Commonwealth.  Having 
obtained  an  en\iable  position  while  in  his  prime,  the 
future  holds  for  him  the  ]jromise  of  still  greater  renown. 


BOSTOX. 


277 


GEORGE  W.  GALVIN,  M.  D.,  founder  and  surgeon 
in  charge  of  the  Boston  Emergency  Hospital, 
was    born    in    Somerville,    Mass.,    May    4,    1854,    and 
was  educated  in  the  pubHc  schools.     He  fitted  himself 
for  the  study  of  medicine,  and  graduated  from  the  Har- 
vard Medical  School  in  1876.     In  a  competitive  exami- 
nation for  the  position  of  assistant  at  the  Massachusetts 
Charitable    Eye    and  Ear   Infirmary,    he    received    the 
appointment,  and  served  four  years  at  that  institution. 
He  began  the   prac- 
tice of  medicine  and 
surgery  in  the  South 
Cove  district  in  1885, 
and    was    appointed 
surgeon  for  the  Old 
Colony    and    New 
York  &  New  England 
railroads,    to     take 
care    of    accident 
cases  at  their  stations 
in   Boston.     Being 
the  only  surgeon  in 
that   district,    nearly 
all   the  casualty  work 
was  referred  to  him. 
He     established    an 
accident  room  in  the 
United  States  Hotel 
in  1889,  and  in  one 
year    eight   hundred 
injured  people  were 
treated  there.     Rec- 
ognizing   the     great 
need  of  a  hospital  in 
that  district,  and  de- 
siring the    co-opera- 
tion of  some  of  the 
younger  members  of 
the     Massachusetts 
Medical    Society,    to 

which  he  belongs,  he  advocated,  at  a  meeting  of  that 
organization,  the  innnediate  establishment  of  an  emer- 
gency hospital  in  the  business  district.  For  some  un- 
explained reason  no  action  was  taken  by  the  committee 
appointed  to  investigate  the  matter.  He  consulted  with 
the  officers  of  the  three  southern  railroads  and  of  the 
West  End  Street  Railway,  personally  interviewed  nearly 
four  hundred  of  the  leading  business  men,  and  received 
substantial  aid  toward  fitting  up  and  equipping  the  new 


GEORGE    W.    GALVIN 


annex  of  the  United  States  Hotel  for  hospital  purposes. 
In  1892,  it  was  incorporated  as  a  public  charitable  insti- 
tution, under  the  name  of  the  Boston  Emergency  Hos- 
pital. It  was  a  success  from  the  outset,  in  the  first 
eighteen  months  of  its  existence  seven  thousand  injured 
people  receiving  treatment,  twenty  thousand  dressings 
being  made,  and  only  fifty  cases  being  referred  to  other 
hospitals.  To-day  it  is  admitted  by  those  familiar  with 
the  subject  that  the  district  covered  by  this  hospital  has 

the  best  ambulance 
service  of  any  city  in 
the  Union.  Not  over 
five  or  six  minutes 
is  consumed  in  reach- 
ing the  desired  des- 
tination,  and   the 

t-<  ambulance  is  never 
:;  allowed  to  leave  the 
i  hospital  without  a 
i  surgeon  and  assistant 
i  who  are  equipped 
I  to  act  on  the  spot. 
'  •"  It  is  the  only  hos- 
pital to  respond  to 
calls,  and  there  is 
not  a  moment's  de- 
lay when  the  patient 
arrives  at  the  hos- 
pital for  treatment. 
In  December,  1892, 
the  hospital  had  out- 
grown its  accommo- 
dations,  and  the 
whole  building  was 
leased  for  five  years, 
at  the  expiration  of 
which  it  is  hoped  that 
the  treasury  will  have 
enough  money  to 
build  and  own  its 
property.  In  1888,  Dr.  Galvin  published  "  Personal 
Impressions  of  the  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  with  report 
of  a  case  "  ;  and  in  1S89,  "The  ^'alue  of  Local  Treat- 
ment of  Pulmonary  Diseases  by  Inhalation  of  Anti- 
septic Vapors."  He  is  a  son  of  John  Galvin,  superin- 
tendent of  Long  and  Rainsford  islands,  and  a  brother 
of  City  Clerk  John  M.  Galvin,  and  a  twin  brother  of 
Thomas  F.  Galvin,  the  florist.  Dr.  Galvin's  career  of 
usefulness  has  only  just  begun. 


278 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE   MANN    FISKE,  a  son  of  (George  Fiske, 
a  prominent  citizen  of  Medfield,  Mass.,  was  born 
in   that  town   in    1842,  receiving  his  education   there. 
In  1862,  enlisting  in  the  Forty-second  Regiment,  Mas- 
sachusetts Vohinteers,  he  served  one  year  under  (leneral 
Banks,  in    the    Department  of    the    Gulf.     For  several 
years  after  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing at  Medfield,  and  in  1871,  coming  to  Boston,  became 
connected  with  Messrs.  James  Edmond  &  Co.,  manu- 
facturers of  fire  brick 
and    importers   of 
sewer  pipe,  etc.     He 
entered  at  once  into 
a  practical   study  of 
the  business,  and  in 
1877     the     firm     of 
Fiske  &  Colman  was 
formed.    In  1880  Mr. 
Fiske  merged  his  bus- 
iness with  that  of  the 
Boston     Fire     Brick 
Company,  owners  of 
the  wharf  and  factory 
formerly  occu])ied  by 
Messrs.    James    Ed- 
mond   &    Co.,    and, 
becoming    a    stock- 
holder  and    director 
therein,  assumed  the 
management   of    the 
whole  concern.     The 
P.oston    Terra    Cotta 
Company  was  formed 
in    1 88 1,   the   stock- 
holders being  practi- 
cally the  same  as  in 
the  Boston  Fire  Brick 
Company,  and  of  that 
also    Mr.    Fiske    be- 
came   treasurer   and 

manager.  Putting  his  whole  energy  into  the  manufac- 
turing department,  he  has  taken  a  leading  part  in  the 
development  of  clay  building  material  in  this  country, 
and  has  secured  several  United  States  and  British  patents 
on  new  and  unique  forms  of  brick  and  terracotta  work. 
The  two  factories,  one  located  on  Federal  Street,  Bos- 
ton, and  the  other  on  K  Street,  South  Boston,  employ 
about  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  and  produce  large 
amounts  of  architectural    terra-<:otta  and  specialties  in 


GEORGE    M.    FISKE, 


building  brick.  Mr.  Fiske  is  also  a  (lioneer  in  the  suc- 
cessful production  of  constructive  faience  for  interior  and 
exterior  work.  This  department  was  entered  upon  in 
i8go,  and  among  the  notable  pieces  of  work  already 
executed  may  be  mentioned  the  corridor  of  "The 
Charlesgate,"  on  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  and  the  wait- 
ing-room in  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  terminal  station 
in  Philadelphia.  The  firm  of  Messrs.  Fiske,  Homes 
&  Co.  have  prepared  a  fine  exhibit  for  the  World's  Fair, 

which    will    show    to 
what  a  degree  of  per- 
fection their  produc- 
t  i  o  n  s   have   been 
brought.     Mr.   Fiske 
is  widely  known  and 
recognized  as  a  leader 
and  authority  in  his 
line  of  business,  and 
his  success  is  due  to 
his  thorough  mastery 
of   all  the   details  of 
his  calling,  his  broad, 
progressive  ideas  and 
his  fertility  in  antici- 
pating the  public  re- 
<|uirements.      Amid 
his  multitudinous 
cares,  Mr.  Fiske  finds 
time  to  take  an  acti\e 
part    in  civil    affairs, 
having  served  in  the 
city    go\ernment    of 
Newton,     where     he 
owns     one     of      the 
finest    residences    of 
the    "(jarden   City," 
and    in    other   posi- 
tions of  trust  and  of 
honor.     He  married, 
in    1864,    Sarah    W. 
Wilder,  daughter  of  Silas  W.  and  Caroline  E.  Wilder. 
Their  children  are  J.  P.  B.  Fiske,  a  prominent  electrical 
engineer,  and  Amy  Plympton  Fiske.     Mr.  Fiske  is  past 
commander  of    Moses  Ellis  Post,  Grand  Army  of  the 
Reiniblic,  of    Medfield,   and   a   prominent  member  of 
Charles    ^\'ard    Post,    of  Newton.       He    has    frequently 
delivered  most  elocpient  Memorial  Dav  addresses  to  the 
people  in  the  different  towns  and  cities  of  the  State,  and 
is  very  popular  with  the  veterans. 


BOSTON. 


279 


<0*-      ^tjr*. 


STARTING  out  into  the  venturesome  world  of  busi- 
ness without  friends  and  without  capital,  George 
O.  Wales  has  achieved,  while  still  a  comparatively  young 
man,  one  of  the  conspicuous  successes  in  the  commer- 
cial life  of  Boston  —  a  success  due  not   to  speculation 
or  to   mere   chance,  but  to   his   own   pluck,  ability   and 
integrity.     The  firm  of   George  O.  Wales  &  Co.,  iron 
merchants,  is  well  and  favorably  known  throughout  New 
England,  as  well  as  in   the  iron  trade  of  the  country. 
Mr.  Wales  is  a  native 
of  the  old  presiden- 
tial  town    of    Brain- 
tree,  Mass.,  where  he 
was    born    in    1848, 
the    son    of    George 
and  Isabella  C.Wales. 
He  obtained  his  early 
education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  Brain- 
tree,  and,  after  grad- 
uating from  the  Higli 
.School,  where  he  ac- 
quitted himself  cred- 
itably,   he    came,   in 
1867,  to  Boston,  hav- 
ing chosen  for  him- 
self a  mercantile  ca- 
reer.    Beginning    in 
a  modest  way  as  en- 
try  clerk   for   the 
wholesale     millinery 
house    of    Sleeper, 
Fisk  &  Co.,  he  worked 
his  way  up  to  "the  po- 
sition    of   book- 
keeper.     He    served 
this  firm  faithfully  for 
three  years,  and  then, 
being   desirous   of 
widening  his  business 

experience  and  familiarizing  himself  with  other  lines 
of  trade,  he  went  as  head  book-keeper  to  the  firm  of 
Albert  Thompson  &  Co.,  wholesale  leather  dealers.  In 
this  position  he  remained  one  year,  and  then,  in  187 1; 
when  but  twenty-three  years  of  age,  he  started  in  busi- 
ness for  himself,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  what  is 
now"_one  of  the  most  respected  firms  in  Boston.  Its 
growth  has  been  rapid  but  normal.  Taking  the  New 
England  agency  of  some  of  the  Pennsylvania  iron  mills, 


GEORGE    0.    WALES. 


Mr.  Wales  has  developed,  from  small  beginnings,  a  large 
business  that  is  conducted  with  great  skill  and  energy. 
Parallel  cases  of  uninterrupted  success  from  the  very 
start  are  not  of  frequent  occurrence.  By  the  introduc- 
tion of  original  and  aggressive  methods,  combined  with 
foresight  and  rare  business  tact,  Mr.  Wales  has  been 
enabled  to  win  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  his 
business  associates.  The  firm  of  George  O.  Wales 
&   Co.,  whose    offices   are    in    the  Mason  Building,  on 

Kilby   Street,   repre- 
sents   many   of    the 
largest  and  most  re- 
liable   iron    mills   of 
Pennsylvania,     deal- 
ing principally  in  the 
highest   grades   of 
goods,   and    making 
specialties     of    steel 
and  iron  plates  and 
sheets,  boiler  tubes, 
boiler,  tank  and  stack 
rivets,  steam,  gas  and 
water  pijie,  and  cor- 
rugated   sheet    iron. 
The  demands  of  bus- 
iness,   absorbing    as 
they  are,  do  not,  by 
any  means,  take  the 
whole  of  Mr.  Wales's 
thought    and    atten- 
tion,   for    he    is    de- 
voted    to    his    home 
life  and  is  an  ardent 
horticulturist  and  an 
art  connoisseur.    He 
takes    pride    in    the 
beautiful    homestead 
at  Braintree,  embra- 
cing t  w  e  n  t  y    acres, 
where  he  still  resides, 
and  which  he  has  brought  up  to  a  fine  state  of  cultiva- 
tion.    He  is  also  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  life 
insurance,  and   carries  a  very  heavy  policy.     In   1S70 
Mr.  \\'ales  was  married  to  Miss  A.  F.  P.  Howard,  who 
died  in  1886.     He  has  five  children,  the  eldest  of  whom 
is  in  business  with  his  father.     The  second  son  is  a  stu- 
dent at  Harvard.     Mr.  Wales  is  a  member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Horticultural  Society  and  of  the  Art  Club  of 
Boston. 


2  So 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


TO  the  proverbial  nicety  of  taste  exercised  by  the 
wealthy  citizens  of  Boston  in  matters  combining 
style  and  comfort,  is  due  the  high  standing  enjoyed  by 
the  carriage-making  industry  among  the  trades  of  Massa- 
chusetts.    This  industry  has  experienced  great  advance- 
ment during  the  last  score  of  years,  and  now  the  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  it  is  counted  by  millions  of  dol- 
lars.    The  admitted  leader  in  this  trade,  and  the  man 
whose  brain  has  conceived  many  original  ideas  in  the 
construction    of  car- 
riages to  please  the 
most  exacting  lovers 
of  road  driving,  is  Mr. 
C  h  a  u  n  c  y   Thomas, 
whose     factory    and 
warerooms      occupy 
two    six-story   build- 
ings  on  Chestnut 
Street,    a  t    the    west 
end  of  Boston.     He 
holds    patents   on 
twenty  or   more    in- 
ventions    useful    i  n 
his    trade    and    has 
evolved  innumerable 
conceits  which  have 
been  copied  very  ex- 
tensively.    As    the 
business    of    Mr. 
Thomas  sprang  from 
a  small    beginning 
and  arose  to  its  pres- 
ent   importance    by 
virtue     of     his     own 
untiring    efforts,    the 
history    of     his    life 
challenges  the  atten- 
tion  of   admirers  of 
self-made  men.     He 
was  born  in  Maine  in 

1822,  his  parents,  who  are  direct  descendants  of  the  Old 
Colony  Puritans,  having  moved  from  Hingham,  Mass., 
to  the  Pine  Tree  State  in  1819.  When  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  carriage-making 
business  in  Bangor,  Me.,  and  subsequently  came  to 
Boston,  where  he  worked  in  the  capacity  of  a  journey- 
man until  1852.  While  working  as  an  employee,  Mr. 
Thomas  displayed,  in  a  remarkable  degree,  a  gift  for 
drawing,  and   he    seized   every  opportunity  to  develop 


CHAUNCY   THOMAS 


that  talent,  thus  acquiring  an  advantage  which  ever 
since  has  served  him  well.  In  1852  Mr.  Thomas  went 
to  West  Newbury,  Mass.,  where,  in  conjunction  with 
other  young  men,  he  established  a  carriage  factory.  The 
principal  event  of  his  seven  years'  stay  in  that  locality 
was  his  marriage,  Mrs.  Thomas  being  the  daughter  of 
the  late  Daniel  Nichols  of  the  town  named.  Leaving 
West  Newbury  in  1859,  Mr.  Thomas,  with  his  brother- 
in-law,  set  up  a  factory  in  Roxbury  and  there  constructed 

carriages,  ambu- 
lances   and    army 
wagons.     In  a  short 
time  this  partnership 
was    dissolved,    and 
Mr.  Thomas  came  to 
Boston,    where   he 
transformed    an  old 
boat-house,     located 
on  the  banks  of  the 
Charles  River,  within 
a   few   yards  of    the 
site    of    his    present 
establishment,  into  a 
carriage    fact  o  r  y  . 
During    the  thirty 
years    w  h  i  c  h    have 
since    passed,    Mr. 
Thomas,    by    giving 
constant  personal 
supervision    to   his 
business,  by  his  abil- 
ity  to    design    in    a 
way    to    please,    and 
by   his    readiness   to 
conceive  original 
ideas    to    meet    the 
resthetic    as   w'ell    as 
the    practical    tastes 
of  the  people  of  the 
Back  Bay,   has   built 
up  a  business  which  is  an  honor  to  the  State.     Although 
devoted  to  business,  Mr.  Thomas  has  time  to  indulge 
his  literary  tastes.     He  not  only  reads  extensively  but 
also  writes  interestingly.     Mr.  Thomas  is  the  author  of 
"  The  Crystal  Button  "  (published  by  Houghton,  Mifflin 
&  Co.,  Boston),  a  most  ingenious  and  fascinating  work 
of   the  imagination,   portraying  the  possibilities  of   an 
ideal  civilization    when    the    problems    of   natural    and 
social  science  shall  have  been  fully  solved. 


BOSTON. 


381 


INVENTIVE  talent,  business  sagacity  and  indomitable 
energy  have  placed  Alonzo  G.  Van  Nostrand,  while 
still  a  young  man,  in  the  front  rank  of  New  England's 
men  of  affairs.     He  was  born  in  Brooklyn,  N.  \ .,  July 
3,    1854,  the   son  of   Hon.   William  T.  and  Mehetabel 
(Bradlee)    Van   Nostrand.     His    maternal   grandfather 
was  Thomas  Bradlee,  of  Boston.     Mr.  Van  Nostrand's 
parents  moved  to  Boston  when  he  was  four  years  old, 
and  he  first  went  to  the  Hawes  and  then  to  the  Lincoln 
grammar    schools    in 
South  Boston,  gradu- 
ating from  the  Eng- 
lish High   School  in 
1872.     He     then 
went  immediately  to 
work    in  his  father's 
brewery  in    Charles- 
town,  devoting  him- 
self   night    and    day 
to  the  business,  and 
becoming  so  identi- 
fied with  it    that   in 
1878,  at  the   age   of 
twenty-four,    he    was 
admitted  to  the   firm 
as  partner.      In  1879 
Mr.     A"an     Nostrand 
originated    the    "  V. 
B."    trade-mark    for 
his    ale,    which    has 
since  become  so  fa- 
mous in    New    Eng- 
land.    In  1886  he 
conceived    the    idea 
of  bottling  an  ale  in 
the    English    fashion 
to   compete  «•  i  t  h 
Bass,    and     in     that 
year  established   the 
bottling  department. 

This  proved  so  successful  that  he  built  a  model  bottling 
house  of  his  own  planning,  and  to-day  has  the  largest 
output  of  any  American  ale  bottler,  selling  last  year 
over  half  a  million  bottles  of  P.  B.  ale.  In  November, 
1 89 1,  he  built  a  lager  beer  brewery,  and  May  i,  1892, 
purchased  his  father's  interest  in  the  ale  brewery, 
becoming  sole  proprietor  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Bunker  Hill  Breweries.  Mr.  Van  Nostrand  is  the 
youngest  man   operating  a  brewery   in  Massachusetts, 


ALONZO    G.    VAN    NOSTRAND. 


and  his  establishment  is  also  the  oldest  in  the  State, 
ha\ing  been  founded  in  1821.  The  P.  B.  ale  has  a  rep- 
utation second  to  none  in  the  Commonwealth,  and  is 
the  only  malt  liquor  used  in  the  Massachusetts  General 
and  the  Boston  City  hospitals  and  other  institutions  for 
the  sick  and  convalescent.  The  Bunker  Hill  breweries 
cover  about  three  acres  of  land,  with  a  frontage  of  four 
hundred  feet  on  Alford  Street,  Charlestown.  Before 
the  spot  is  reached  their  location  is  made  known  by  a 

tall  tower  on  one  of 
the  buildings  of   the 
group  used  for  brew- 
ing   purposes.     This 
tower    and    belfry 
were  removed   from 
the    old    Boy  Is  ton 
Market,    an    ancient 
Boston    landmark  of 
considerable   histori- 
cal interest,  built  in 
1809  and  demolished 
in   1887.     It  was  re- 
built   exactly    as    it 
stood    on    the    old 
market,  and  is  cher- 
ished  highly  by   Mr. 
Van    Nostrand,    who 
does    not  forget  the 
time    when    he    with 
thousands  of  Boston 
high    school    boys 
were  obliged  to  drill 
in  the   old  Boylston 
Market     Hall.      Mr. 
Van    Nostrand    is   a 
member    of*  various 
social    and    business 
organizations,  among 
which  are  the  Boston 
Chamber    of     Com- 
merce, the  Boston  Art  Club,  the  Eastern  Art  Club  and 
the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Company.     He  is 
also  a  prominent  member  of  the  Boston  English  High 
School  Association.     He  was  married  in  1885  to  Miss 
Sadie  G.  Foque,  daughter  of  Theodore   N.  Foque,  of 
Maiden,  Mass.,  and  has  one   child,  AMlliam  Theodore 
^'an  Nostrand.     His  residence  is  at  No.  288  Newbury 
Street,  Boston.     He  is  one  of  the  progressive  business 
men  of  the  Commonwealth. 


MASSACHUSETTS   Of    TO-DAY. 


IT  is  a  rare  combination  of  talents  which  enal)les  a 
man  to  succeed  in  war,  letters  and  business  affairs, 
and  these   talents  have  met  in  the  versatile  author  of 
"  Patroclus  and   Penelope."     Theodore  Ayrault  Dodge 
belongs  to  an   old   New  England   family,  his  maternal 
great-grandfather  being  General  Selh  Pomeroy,  of  Bun- 
ker Hill  fame.     Colonel  Dodge  was  born  in  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  May  28,  1842,  and  was  educated  abroad.     After 
studying  military  science  four  years  at  Berlin,  Germany, 
under  Major-General 
Von  Frohreich  of  the 
Prussian    army,    and 
taking    a    course    of 
lectures    at    Heidel- 
berg, he  graduated  at 
the   University  of 
London  in  1 86 1.    He 
then    returned    to 
.'America  and  enlisted 
as   a  private    in    the 
Union  Army,  serving 
for  two  years  in  the 
.\rmy  of  the  Potomac 
under  Generals  Kear- 
ney    and      Howard. 
His  field  service  ter- 
minated   at    Gettys- 
burg,  where   he   lost 
his    right    leg.     Col- 
onel Dodge  received 
four  brevets  for  gal- 
lantry,—  two  in    the 
volunteer  and  two  in 
the    regular   service. 
He  became  first  lieu- 
tenant Feb.  13, 1862  ; 
captain   in   the  Vet- 
eran Reserve  Corps, 
Nov.  12,  1863  ;  brev- 
etted  major,  Aug.  17, 

1864,  and  colonel,  Dec.  2,  1865.  He  was  made  captain 
of  the  Forty-fourth  Regular  Infantry,  July  28,  1866,  and 
served  as  chief  of  the  bureau  of  enrolment  in  the  War 
Department  until  April  28,  1870,  when,  under  the  act 
of  Congress  by  which  all  w-ounded  soldiers  were  taken 
from  active  service,  he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  of 
the  army,  where  he  still  holds  his  commission.  He  has 
been  connected  with  various  business  enterprises  in  Bos- 
ton which,  under  his  management,  have  been  made  suc- 


THEODORE  A.  DODGE. 


cessful.  He  is  now  president  of  the  ISoston  Wo\en 
Hose  and  Rubber  Company.  Colonel  Dodge's  tastes, 
however,  like  those  of  his  father  and  of  his  son,  are 
literary.  For  some  years  he  has  been  engaged  on  a 
history  of  the  art  of  war,  entitled,  "  Great  Captains  — 
Six  Lectures,"  of  which  three  volumes,  bringing  the 
subject  down  to  the  fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  have 
been  published.  Colonel  Dodge  is  an  enthusiastic  horse- 
man, having  been  in  the  saddle  forty  years,  and  ridden, 

as  he  estimates,  over 
a  hundred  thousand 
miles.     His  "  Patro- 
clus and    Penelope  ; 
a  Chat    in    the    Sad- 
dle," is  a  recognized 
authority    on    horse- 
manship both  in  Eu- 
rope    and     America. 
Colonel    Dodge    has 
also     published     "  A 
Bird's-Eye    ^'iew   of 
our  Civil  War "  and 
"  The    Campaign   of 
Chancellorsville."  In 
addition    to    these 
works,    which     are 
sufficient  to  establish 
his  reputation  as  an 
historian  and  military 
critic.  Colonel  Dodge 
has  contributed  much 
to    periodical    litera- 
ture, and   has   deliv- 
ered   a    number    of 
lectures    on    military 
sulijects   at   Harvard 
College,    before    the 
Lowell  Institute,  and 
elsewhere.     He    has 
been  an  officer  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion,  is  a  member  of  the 
St.  Botolph  and  Country  clubs,  and  in   1887  was  presi- 
dent of    the   Papyrus   Club.     In   1865   Colonel.  Dodge 
married  Miss  Jane  Neil,  a  grandniece  of  Chief  Justice 
John  Marshall,  of  Ohio.     She  died  in  1891,  leaving  him 
three  children,  one  of  whom  was  editor  of  the  "Harvard 
Monthly "  while  at  college.     Colonel  Dodge's  home  is 
in  Brookline.     He  is  now  ( 1S92)  making  a  tour  of  the 
world. 


BOSTON. 


283 


WILLIAM  FRANKLIN  DRAPER,  manufacturer, 
veteran  and  congressman,  was  born  in  Lowell, 
Middlesex  County,  on  April  9,  1842,  the  son  of  George 
and  Hannah  K.  (Thwing)  Draper.     His  early  education 
was  gained  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  sup- 
plemented with    a   year   or   two  of  academic  training. 
When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  work  in  a  cotton 
mill,  and  made  a  study  of  the  processes  of  manufactur- 
ing cotton  goods.     The    war   came,  and    though  only 
nineteen  years    of 
age  Mr.  Draper  en- 
listed in  Company  B, 
Twenty-fifth    Massa- 
chusetts  Volunteers, 
a  company  recruited 
in  Milford.     He  was 
l)romoted  through 
the  various  grades  to 
that  of   first  lieuten- 
ant,   and   when    the 
Thirty-sixth    Regi- 
ment was  formed  in 
Worcester  he  was 
made   captain    of 
Company  Y.     Faith- 
ful   and  gallant  ser- 
vice soon  made  him 
major,   then  lieuten- 
ant-colonel,    and 
while  h  o  1  d  i  n  g  tlie 
latter  rank  he  was  in 
command  of  a  brig- 
ade  in  the  Army  of 
the    Potomac.     He 
was  wounded  in  the 
battle  of  the  Wilder- 
ness,   May   6  ,   b  >i  t 
after  partial  recovery 
he    returned    to    the 
front    and    com- 
manded   his    brigade    at    Weldon    Railroad.     He    was 
bre\et  lirigadier-general  when   mustered    out,  Oct.   12. 
Returning   from    the    war.  General    Draper  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of   cotton   machinery,  and    since    his 
father's  death,  in  1887,  he  has  been  the  head  of  the  firm 


WILLIAM    F.    DRAPER 


and  is  now  an  officer  of  a  large  number  of  corporations, 
covering  the  manufacture  of  machinery,  cotton  cloth, 
shoes,  electrical  goods,  also  railroads,  gas  and  water 
companies,  insurance,  etc.  He  possesses  strong  inven- 
tive talent,  and  has  personally  patented  nearly  fifty 
different  inventions,  some  of  them  of  great  importance. 
They  were  principally  on  looms  and  spinning  frames, 
though  there  is  hardly  a  machine  in  use  in  the  cotton 
industry  that  has  not  been  improved  by  inventions  made 

or  introduced  by  him 
or   his  firm.     The 

production  of  cotton 

spinning  machines 
has  been  doubled 
by  the  Draper  im- 
|)rovements,  and  the 
cost  of  the  process 
divide  d  b  v  t  w  o. 
More  power  has  been 
saved  by  them  than 
is  furnished  by  the 
Merrimac  River  to 
the  great  manufac- 
turing cities  of 
Lowell,  Lawrence 
and  Manchester. 
General  Draper  is 
admittedly  the  first 
expert  in  this  coun- 
try on  spimiiug  ma- 
chinery, and  has 
written  several  stan- 
dard articles  on  this 
and  other  mechani- 
cal subjects.  T  h  e 
protective  tariff  has 
been  with  him  a 
special  field  for  re- 
search, and  he  has 
personally  inves- 
tigated, at  great  length,  economic  conditions,  both  in 
Europe  and  this  country.  His  pamphlet  and  magazine 
articles  on  the  tariff  have  been  widely  read  and  dis- 
cussed. He  has  twice  been  president  of  the  Home 
Market  Club,  founded  by  his  father.     He  is  also  a  mem- 


of  George  Draper  &  Sons,  widely  known  as  the  leading  ber  and  officer  of  the  Arkwright   Club.     In    1892    he 

introducers   of    improvements    in   cotton  machinery  in  ran  against  George  Fred  Williams  for  Congress  from  the 

this  country.     Besides  this,  he  has  been  directly  con-  ele\enth  district.     General  Draper  was   elected    by  an 

nected  with  many  other  large  manufacturing  concerns,  oxerwhelming  majority. 


284 


MASSACHUSETTS   OP    TO-DAY. 


ALFRED    WINSOR. 


IN  the  \ast  shipping  interests  of  Boston  the  tow  boat 
service  has  come  to  be  one  of  the  most  important 
departments.  It  is  a  business  that  has  grown  with  the 
commerce  of  the  city,  and  is  now  largely  in  the  hands 
of  the  Boston  Tow  Boat  Company,  which  was  first 
organized  in  1855,  and  began  business  with  one  tug, 
the  "  William  Sprague."  From  this  humble  beginning 
the  present  company,  owning  a  fleet  of  steamers,  barges, 
tugs,  lighters,  grain  elevators  and  perfected  apparatus 
for  wrecking  has  developed.  Some  of  the  most  notable 
wrecking  and  towing  feats  on  record  have  been  accom- 
plished by  the  force  of  the  Boston  Tow  Boat  Company 
—  feats  that  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  would  have  been 
considered  quite  impossible.  The  saving  of  the  Belgian 
steamer  "  De  Ruyter,"  wrecked  on  Scituate  beach  in 
1890;  the  raising  of  the  barge  "Atlas,"  wrecked  off 
Hyannis  in  the  same  year;  the  raising  of  the  "H.  M. 
Whitney,"  sunk  by  the  "Ottoman"  in  Boston  harbor  in 
1892  ;  the  tov^ing  of  the  steamer  "  Akaba  "  from  Turk's 
Island  nearly  to  New  York,  and  of  the  steamer  "  Federa- 
tion," from  Bermuda  to  Philadelphia  in  1892  ;  the  bring- 
ing of  the  Joggins  raft  to  New  York  —  these  and  other 
splendid  achievements  have  attracted  widespread  atten- 
tion among  marine  underwriters  and  in  the  shipping 
world  generally.  The  Boston  Tow  Boat  Company  has 
been  the  first  to  demonstrate  that  ocean  towing  is  prac- 
ticable. The  company  was  incorporated  in  1873,  and 
in  1875  went  into  the  transportation  business,  building 
two  large  steamers,  the  "  Saturn  "  and  the  "  Orion,"  for 
carrying  coal  and   towing  barges.     They   are  the   only 


two  American-built  "tramp"  steamers  afloat,  and  the 
latter  is  said  to  be  the  strongest  iron  steamer  ever  built 
in  the  United  States.  Besides  these  steamers,  the 
Boston  Tow  Boat  Company  owns  twenty  barges,  twenty 
tugs,  twenty-five  lighters,  three  wrecking  lighters,  a 
water-boat,  floating  derrick  and  floating  coal  hoisters. 
Its  wrecking  gear,  with  pontoons,  coffer-dams,  pumps 
and  hydraulic  lifts,  is  the  most  elaborate  on  the  Atlantic 
coast.  The  company  maintains  a  wrecking  plant  at 
Vineyard  Haven.  Mr.  Alfred  Winsor  is  president  of 
this  company,  and  likewise  of  the  Boston  &  Philadel- 
phia Steamship  Company,  the  oldest  coastwise  line  from 
the  port  of  Boston.  It  originated  in  1852,  with  two 
small  steamers  that  sailed  from  T  Wharf.  In  1872  the 
company  purchased  the  Keystone  line,  running  between 
Providence  and  Philadelphia,  and  has  since  operated  it. 
The  following  year  the  consolidated  lines  were  incorpo- 
rated with  a  capital  stock  of  $713,000,  and  with  Mr. 
Henry  Winsor,  of  Philadelphia,  as  president.  He  died 
in  1889,  and  upon  the  reorganization  of  the  company 
in  1 89 1,  his  nephew,  Mr.  Alfred  Winsor,  was  chosen 
president.  In  its  experience  of  over  forty  years,  the 
company  has  lost  but  one  steamer,  —  the  "Palmetto," 
which  was  sunk  off  Block  Island  in  1858,  —  and  has 
made  an  exceptional  record  for  regularity.  It  now  runs 
three  steamers  on  the  Boston  and  three  on  the  Pro\i- 
dence  line.  Mr.  Winsor  is  also  president  of  the  North 
Atlantic  Steamshi])  Company,  which  was  incorporated 
in  1892,  with  a  fleet  of  three  steamers  plying  between 
Boston,  Halifax,  Port  Hawkesbury  and  Charlottetown. 


BOSTON. 


zSs 


JOSHUA   MONTGOMERY  SEARS. 


RANKING  third  in  wealth  among  the  capitaHsts  of 
New  England,  and  being  the  second  largest 
individual  real  estate  owner  in  Boston,  Joshua  Mont- 
gomery Sears  has  added  to  the  many  millions  which  he 
inherited  from  his  father.  He  is  the  son  of  Joshua 
Sears,  and  was  born  in  Yarmouth,  Mass.,  on  Christmas 
Day,  1854.  His  father,  who  came  of  an  old  Cape  Cod 
family,  started  in  business  without  capital,  and  within  a 
few  years  became  one  of  the  wealthiest  of  Boston's  East 
India  merchants.  His  residence  was  the  handsome 
house  on  Beacon  Street  now  occupied  by  the  Somerset 
Club.  Marrying  late  in  life,  he  died  while  his  only  son, 
J.  Montgomery,  was  quite  young.  Alpheus  Hardy  was 
one  of  the  guardians  of  the  boy,  who  received  his  early 
education  at  a  private  school  in  Andover,  Mass.,  from 
which  he  was  sent  to  C.ermany,  where  he  continued  his 
studies.  Returning  to  .\merica  in  1873,  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  he  entered  Yale  College  and  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1877.  On  Sept.  18  of  the  same 
year  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Carlyle,  daughter  of 
Charles  E.  Choate,  of  Cambridge,  who  is  now  the 
president  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Sears  have  since  resided  in  Boston.  Though  the  care 
of  his  large  estate  requires  much  of  his  attention,  he 
nevertheless  finds  time  for  much  practical  philanthropy. 
Among  his  public  charitable  works  is  the  West  End 
Workingmen's  Club,  which  he  established  on  the  lines 
laid  down  by  Robert  Treat  Paine  in  the  Wells  Memo- 
rial Workingmen's  Institute.     In  connection  with  Rev. 


Phillips  Brooks,  .Mpheus  Hardy  and  others,  Mr.  Sears 
organized  the  Poplar  Street  Club,  the  purpose  of  which 
is  to  counteract  the  influence  of  the  saloon  among  the 
poorer  classes.  Mr.  Sears  also  presented  to  the  Episco- 
pal parish  at  Marlboro,  Mass.,  a  fine  new  edifice.  He 
is  the  heaviest  individual  taxpayer  in  Boston,  his  finest 
piece  of  real  estate  being  the  Sears  Building,  at  the  corner 
of  Court  and  Washington  streets,  which  is  considered 
to  be  the  most  remunerative  property  in  the  city,  as  it  is 
one  of  the  handsomest  office  buildings.  Mr.  Sears's 
Boston  residence  is  on  Arlington  Street.  He  owns  a  mag- 
nificent farm  at  Southboro,  Mass.,  and  his  stables  there 
are  filled  with  blooded  stock.  He  is  one  of  the  summer 
residents  of  Bar  Harbor,  and  though  he  is  the  wealthiest 
man  there,  his  cottage  is  one  of  the  most  unpreten- 
tious. Both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sears  are  ardent  amateur 
musicians,  and  the  musicales  at  their  home  during  the 
winter  season  have  become  celebrated.  Mr.  Sears  is 
also  a  prominent  patron  of  art,  his  collection  being  one 
of  the  best  in  New  England.  Many  of  the  best 
examples  of  the  modern  F'rench  and  Flemish  schools 
adorn  his  collection,  which  has  been  selected  with 
rare  taste.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Somerset,  Union, 
Country  and  St.  Botolph  clubs,  and  of  the  Eastern  Yacht 
Club,  his  steam  yacht  "Novya"  being  one  of  the  fine 
pleasure  craft  on  the  Atlantic  waters.  Mr.  Scars  is 
called  "the  Boston  Astor,"  and  like  the  Croesus  of  the 
metropolis,  he  is  extremely  modest,  unassuming  and 
quiet  in  his  tastes. 


286 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


J.   MALCOLM    FORBES. 


THE  yacht  "Puritan,"  defender  of  the  America's 
cup,  and  Nancy  Hanks,  (jueen  of  the  turf,  are 
both  owned  by  J.  Malcohn  Forbes,  whose  wealth  and 
talents  ha\e  contributed  so  much  toward  the  develop- 
ment of  American  yachting,  and  whose  name  has  also 
become  familiar  on  every  race-course  in  the  country. 
He  is  the  son  of  John  Murray  and  Sarah  (Hathaway) 
Forbes,  and  was  born  in  Milton,  Mass.,  in  1845.  His 
ancestors  were  Scotch,  belonging  to  a  family  that  from 
the  days  of  Wallace  and  Bruce  included  many  famous 
fighters  among  its  numbers.  One  of  Mr.  Forbes's 
paternal  ancestors  was  Dorothy  Collingwood,  aunt  of 
Admiral  Lord  Collingwood,  who  was  second  in  com- 
mand with  Nelson  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar  and  took 
the  latter's  place  when  he  died.  John  Forbes,  the  great- 
great-grandfather  of  J.  Malcolm  Forbes,  was  the  first  of 
the  family,  though  not  the  first  of  the  name,  who  came 
to  America.  John  Murray  Forbes  and  his  brother. 
Captain  R.  B.  Forbes,  have  been  very  prominent  in 
American  commercial  and  maritime  affairs,  the  latter 
being  the  first  to  build  and  sail  the  American  schooner- 
rigged  vessel.  J.  Malcolm  Forbes  was  educated  in 
private  schools  and  at  the  English  High  School  in  Bos- 
ton, from  which  he  graduated  in  1S63,  at  the  age  of 
eighteen.  He  soon  after  went  into  business  in  Boston 
with  his  father,  who  had  built  up  a  large  China  and  East 
Indian  trade.  Mr.  Forbes  early  took  an  active  interest 
in  the  higher  class  of  athletic   sports,  and  especially  in 


yachting.  He  made  a  number  of  \oyages,  including 
one  to  Fayal  on  the  fisherman  "  Fredonia."  Mr. 
Forbes  built  the  schooner  yacht  "  Rambler,"  which  won 
the  Cape  May  cup  in  1879,  and  subsequently  built  the 
sloop  "White  Cap,"  the  Scotch  cutter  "  Byadere  "  and 
the  "  Lapwing."  He  was  one  of  the  syndicate  which 
built  the  famous  "  Puritan,"  and  he  now  owns  her.  He 
is  commodore  of  the  Eastern  Yacht  Club,  of  which  the 
"Puritan"  is  the  flag-ship.  Though  retaining  his  lively 
interest  in  yachting  matters,  Mr.  Forbes  has  during  the 
last  few  years  been  devoting  much  attention  to  the 
breeding  of  fast  horses.  He  owns  an  extensive  stock 
farm  at  Canton,  Mass.,  where  some  of  the  finest  horses 
in  the  world  are  to  be  found.  Besides  the  peerless 
Nancy  Hanks,  Martha  Wilkes  and  the  great  Arion,  there 
are  many  other  turf  record-breakers  owned  by  Mr. 
Forbes.  He  is  a  director  in  many  railway  and  manu- 
facturing corjiorations  and  a  partner  in  the  mercan- 
tile firm  of  J.  1\L  Forbes  &  Co.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Country  Club,  the  Boston  Athletic  Association  and  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association.  Mr.  Forbes  has  been 
twice  married,  the  first  time  to  Miss  Jones,  daughter  of 
Edward  C.  Jones,  of  New  Bedford.  She  died,  leaving 
him  four  children.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Rose 
Davney,  of  California.  The  Forbes  family  residence  is 
at  Milton,  Mass.,  and  in  the  summer  on  Naushon  Island, 
which  belongs  to  the  family  and  is  situated  between 
Buzzard's  Bay  and  Vineyard  Sound. 


SALEM  is  a  rare  old  municipality,  —  rare  because  oiAts  individuality,  history,  and  the  many  distinguished  men 
it  has  reared  and  sent  out  into  the  world.  It  was  first  settled  in  1626  by  Roger  Conant  and  others,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1836,  Leverett  Saltonstall  being  the  first  mayor.  Many  of  the  buildings  seen  about  the 
city  are  after  the  colonial  style  of  architecture,  some  of  which  were  built  more  than  a  century  ago,  and  present 
an  ancient  but  pleasing  appearance.  The  place  would  be  great  in  history  were  it  to  risk  its  laurels  solely  on  the 
record  and  achievements  of  the  old-time  merchants  and  ship-masters.  In  1825  there  were  190  vessels  owned 
in  Salem,  and  it  was  her  ships  which  were  the  first  from  this  country  to  display  the  American  flag  and  open  trade 
with  Zanzibar,  Sumatra,  Calcutta,  Bombay,  Batavia,  Arabia,  Madagascar,  St.  Petersburg  and  Australia. 

Salem  has  the  high  honor  of  having  had  as  a  resident  the  first  governor  of  the  colony.  July  20,  1629,  was 
set  apart  by  Governor  Endicott  "to  be  a  solemn  day  of  humiliation  for  ye  choyce  of  a  pastor  and  teacher  at  Salem." 
Rev.  Mr.  Skelton  and  Thomas  Higginson  were  chosen  to  the  respective  positions.  The  vote  was  taken  by  each 
person  in  the  colony  writing  in  a  note  the  name  of  his  choice.  This  was  the  origin  of  the  use  of  the  ballot  on  this 
continent. 

In  1692  the  Witchcraft  delusion  sjirang  up  in  the  colony.  Much  of  the  history  which  has  been  written 
on  this  subject  is  misleading,  in  that  Salem  seems  to  be  the  only  place  designated  or  given  prominence  where  the 
delusion  prevailed,  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  it  was  widespread,  extending  over  many  countries  of  the  Old  World. 
Nineteen  persons  condemned  for  witchcraft,  among  whom  was  Rev.  George  Burroughs,  were  publicly  executed 
in  Salem. 

The  wars  of  the  Revolution,  i  S 1 2  and  the  Rebellion  found  Salem  men  well  to  the  front  battling  for  the 
supremacy  of  the  old  flag,  many  of  whom  iell  in  action.  The  first  provincial  congress  assembled  in  Salem,  Oct.  5, 
1774,  which  passed,  during  its  session,  a  vote  renouncing  the  authority  of  the  British  Parliament.  The  first  blood 
shed  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution  was  at  North  Bridge,  Salem,  Feb.  26,  1775,  where  Colonel  Timothy  Pickering 
and  his  brave  compeers  successfully  disputed  the  march  across  the  bridge  of  Colonel  Leslie  and  his  regiment  of 
British  redcoats. 

In  18 1 2  Salem  furnished  for  the  war  nearly  as  many  privateers  as  the  rest  of  the  country.  In  the  latter 
])art  of  the  last  century  and  the  beginning  of  the  present,  the  town  outri\alled  Boston  in  maritime  importance, 
having  almost  the  entire  monopoly  of  the  East  India  trade. 

Salem  is  widely  known  (or  its  inventions.  'Ihe  first  electric  light  in  a  dwelling-house  in  this  country  was 
used  by  Professor  Moses  G.  Farmer,  at  his  home  on  Pearl  Street,  in  July,  1859,  while  the  first  practical  test  ever 
made  of  a  telephone  was  by  Professor  A.  G.  Bell,  who  sent  a  dispatch  from  Lyceum  Hall  to  the  Boston  Globe, 
Feb.  12,  1877. 

Salem  is  the  birthplace  of  many  noted  men,  including  Timothy  Pickering,-tb*^  famous  statesmtm ;  Rev. 
Samuel  Johnson,  the  noted  liberal  preacher;  William  H.  Prescott,  historian;  Nathaniel  Hawthorne;  John 
Pickering,  the  scholar  and  Greek  lexicographer ;  John  Rogers,  whose  character  groups  are  everywhere  familiar  ; 
Benjamin  Pierce,  the  mathematician,  and  Nathaniel  Bowditch,  the  world-renowned  navigator. 

There  are  radiating  from  the  city  proper  several  lines  of  electric  railways ;  also  several  lines  of  steam 
railways.  The  Willows  and  Juniper  Point,  about  two  miles  from  this  city,  are  well-known  summer  resorts.  Among 
the  educational  institutions  are  the  public  library,  Salem  Athenaeum,  the  Essex  Institute  for  the  promotion  of 
history,  science  and  art,  Essex  County  Natural  History  Society,  the  Peabody  Academy  of  Science,  and  the  Marine 
Society,  composed  of  ship-masters.  The  charitable  institutions  are  the  .Associated  Charities,  Old  Men's  and  Old 
Ladies'  homes.  Woman's  Friend  .Society,  Plummer  Farm  .School,  Seamen's  Ori)han  and  Children's  Friend  Society, 
Orphan  Asylum,  The  Fraternity  and  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

There  are  many  points  of  historical  interest  within  the  city,  among  which  are  the  First  Church,  built 
in  1629  ;  Roger  \\'illiams's  house,  erected  in  1635  ;  the  witchcraft  sites  ;  the  house  in  which  Hawthorne  was  born  ; 
Timothy  Pickering  mansion,  built  in  1649,  and  other  places  which  have  been  designated  by  bronze  tablets. 


288 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ROBERT   S.    RANTOUL   has   been  elected   mayor 
of  Salem,  by  an  increasing  vote,   four   years   in 
succession.     He  is  the  son  of  Hon.  Robert  Rantoul,  Jr., 
and  Jane  (Woodbury)  Rantoul,  and  was  born  at  Beverly, 
June  2,  1832.     The  name  is  Scotch,  and  has  been  traced 
back,   in    Kinross,   to  1355.     His  early   education   was 
received  at  the   Beverly  Academy  and   at   the  Boston 
Latin  School,  where  he  prepared  for  college.     He  was 
graduated  from  Harvard  in   1853,  and,  having  pursued 
his   legal    studies    in 
the  Dane  Law  School 
and  in  the  office  of 
Hon.    Charles    G. 
Loring,  began    the 
practice    of    law    in 
Salem  in  1856.     He 
soon  interested  him- 
self  in   local    and 
national  politics,  and 
was,  in   1856,  secre- 
tary of  the  first  Fre- 
mont Club  in  Essex 
County  :  represented 
Beverly  in  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Legis- 
lature in  1858,  where 
he    formed     an    ac- 
quaintance with  Gov- 
ernor Andrew  which 
ripened    into  a   life- 
long friendship  ;  took 
an  active  part  in  the 
Lincoln  campaign  of 
i860,   and    was   the 
working  officer  of  the 
Salem  Union  League 
until  Lee's  surrender, 
conducting   a    mem- 
orable     series      of 
meetings    at    Me- 
chanic Hall  in  support  of  the  war.     He  was  appointed 
by  President  Lincoln,  in  1865,  collector  for  the  port  of 
Salem  and   Beverly,  and  served   until    1869,  when  Clen- 
eral  Butler,  whose  election  to  Congress  Mr.  Rantoul  had 
pubhcly  opposed,  defeated   his  reappointment,  though 
it  was  asked  for  by  every  merchant  doing  business  at 
the  port.     Mr.  Rantoul  was,  until   1888,  allied  with  the 
Republican  party,  and  was  active  in  both  city  and  State 
committees.     Of  late  years,  however,  the  position  of  the 


ROBERT   S     RANTOUL 


Democracy    on    the    tariff    and    other   questions   more 
nearly  according  with  his  views,  he  has  identifietl  him- 
self with  that  political  party.     He  w-as  a  member  of  the 
Legislature   for  Salem  in  1884  and    1885,  and  was  first 
chosen   mayor  in   1889,  being  annually  re-elected  since 
that  year.     His  administration  of  this  office  has  been 
conservative    and    businesslike.       In    1863-68    he   was 
largely  instrumental  in  bringing  the  water  of  Wenham 
Lake  into  Salem,  was  arbitrator  between  the  Common- 
wealth and  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Historical 
Society  in  the  matter 
of     the    Hutchinson 
papers    in    1873, 
was    orator   at    the 
centennial     celebra- 
tion of  American  in- 
X.  dependence  at  Stutt- 

gart, Germany,  in 
1876,  spoke  for  the 
United  States  at  the 
dinner  given  to  Gen- 
eral Grant  in  Paris 
in  1878,  and  was  ora- 
tor at  the  commem- 
oration of  the  two 
hundred  and  fiftieth 
anniversary  of  Win- 
throp's  landing  at 
Salem  in  1880.  For 
a  period  of  six  or 
eight  years  he  was 
engaged  in  antiqua- 
rian pursuits  and  in 
editorial  work  on  the 
Boston  E  V  ('  n  i  n  g 
Transcript.  His 
many  published  writ- 
ings include  "  The 
Cod  in  Massachu- 
setts History"  (1865),  "Notes  on  Old  Modes  of 
Travel"  (1872),  "The  Essex  Junto"  (1882),  "The 
Name  and  Family  of  Rentoul  —  Rintoul  —  Rantoul " 
(1885),  "The  Ancient  Family  of  Woodbury"  (1887), 
"The  Spirit  of  the  Early  Lyceums"  (1888),  "Port  of 
Salem,"  "The  Long  Embargo,"  and  "The  Great  Tops- 
field  Caucus  of  1808."  Mr.  Rantoul  was  married  at 
Salem,  May  13,  1858,  to  Harriet  C,  daughter  of  David 
A.  and  Harriet  (Price)  Neal. 


SALEM. 


289 


WILLIAM  CROWNINSHIELD  F:NDIC0TT 
was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  Nov.  19,  1826.  He 
is  a  lineal  descendant  of  John  Endicott,  the  first  gover- 
nor of  Massachusetts  Colony.  In  his  veins  also  min- 
gles the  blood  of  the  Putnams  and  Crowninshields,  the 
latter  being  his  maternal  name.  Crown-in-shield  was 
a  German  nobleman,  who  came  to  this  country  in 
the  early  days  of  the  colony  and  settled  in  Salem. 
John  Endicott  was  the  head  of  the  first  popular  local 
government  e  s  t  a  b  - 
lished  in  America. 
He  was  among  the 
six  original  patentees 
of  the  grant  made 
by  the  great  council 
at  Plymouth.  Gov- 
ernor Endicott  was 
an  impetuous  man, 
but  clear-headed  and 
liberal.  He  dealt 
judiciously  with  the 
Indians,  and  in  a 
friendly  spirit.  'I'he 
famous  sword  with 
which  Governor 
Endicott  cut  the 
cross  from  the  King's 
colors,  has,  together 
with  the  original  por- 
trait and  other  relics 
of  the  governor, 
been  handed  down 
through  tlie  line  of 
the  oldest  sons,  and 
is  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  He 
was  always  promi- 
nent in  public  affairs, 
and  if  at  times  seem- 
ingly intolerant,  this  manifestation,  as  history  has 
shown,  was  confirmatory  of  his  devotedness  to  the  new 
government.  With  such  an  ancestry  it  is  not  to  be 
wondered  at  that  William  C.  Endicott  has  made  his 
influence  felt  in  the  world.  Salem,  the  place  of  his 
residence,  is  dear  to  him,  with  its  many  pleasing  and 
historical  associations,  connected  with  his  early  ances- 
try. The  house  in  which  he  lives  is  situated  on  p:ssex 
Street.     It  is  a  large,  two-story  structure  with  hip  roof 


WILLIAM    C.    ENDICOTT 


and  dormer  windows,  the  interior  of  which  is  divided 
into  spacious  wainscotted  rooms,  which  are  adorned  with 
antique  carvings.  Large  open  fire-places  are  conspic- 
uous, suggestive  of  the  early  times.  In  this  house  he 
passes  the  pleasant  days  of  his  retirement.  Not  an  old 
man  either  in  years  or  appearance,  yet  he  is  not  court- 
ing political  honors,  as  both  the  county  and  State  have 
richly  remembered  him  in  this  direction.  Mr.  Endicott 
was  married,  Dec.  13,   1S59,  to  Ellen,  daughter  of  the 

late  Colonel  George 
Peabody,   a   wealthy 
and  talented  gentle- 
man   of    the    old 
school.    He  received 
his  preparatory  edu- 
cation   for    Harvard 
College  in  the  Salem 
Latin     School,     and 
graduated    from    the 
LTni versify    in    1847. 
He  was  admitted    to 
the  bar  in  1850,  and 
immediately  entered 
upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession    in 
Salem.     His  abilities 
as  a  lawyer    were 
soon     recognized, 
and  these,  combined 
with   a  grace  of  de- 
portment and  dignity 
of  character,  won  for 
liim    from    Governor 
Washburn    the    a  p- 
pointment  of  justice 
of  the    Supreme  Ju- 
cial  Court,  in  which 
capacity    he    served 
from   1873   to    1882. 
He  was  elected  pres- 
ident of  the  Peabody  Academy  of  Science  in  1863,  and 
was  president  of  the  Salem  National  Bank  from  1857  to 
1873.     In  1884  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
governor   of   Massachusetts,  and    in    1885    he    entered 
President  Cleveland's  cabinet   as    secretary  of   war,  in 
which  office  he  continued  the  full  term.     He  has  two 
children,  a  son  and  daughter,  the  latter  the  wife  of  Hon. 
Joseph    Chamberlain,  of   England.     Mr.   Endicott  was 
one  of  the  most  scholarly  judges  the  State  has  known. 


290 


MASSJC/IUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


SAMUEL  ENDICXnT  PEABODV,.  president  of  the 
American  Loan  and  Trust  Company,  was  born  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  on  April  19,  1S25,  the  second  son  of 
Colonel  Francis  and  Martha  (Endicott)  Peabody. 
Martha  P'.ndicott  was  a  direct  descendant  of  John  Endi- 
cott, the  first  go\ernor  of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  Colony, 
who  settled  in  1628  in  Naumkeag,  which  was  afterward 
known  as  Salem.  Colonel  Francis  Peabody  was  a 
famous  Salem  merchant  and  a  very  large  ship  owner. 
Mr.  Peabody's  early 
education  was  gained 

in  Salem  and  he  en-  

tered  Harvard,  but 
remained  only  one 
year.  Preferring  a  life 
and  career  of  more 
activity  than  his  col- 
lege course  seemed 
to  promise,  he  went 
to  sea  in  one  of  his 
father's  vessels. 
Soon  after  his  return 
from  that  voyage  Mr. 
Peabody  engaged  in 
business  in  Boston, 
on  India  Wharf,  with 
Franklin  Curtis,  un- 
der the  firm  name  of 
Curtis  &  Peabody. 
The  firm  was  in  the 
India  and  China 
t  r  a  il  e  a  n  tl  o  w  n  e  d 
many  shijis,  and  con- 
tinued in  business 
many  years.  Mr. 
Peabody's  home  was 
all  these  years  in 
Salem.  In  1875, 
with  his  wife  and  five 
children,  Mr.  Pea- 
body removed  to  London,  England,  and  became  a 
partner  in  the  house  of  I.  S.  Morgan  &  Co.,  American 
bankers.  This  house  had  formerly  been  known  as  that 
of  George  Peabody  &  Co.  He  remained  there  in  busi- 
ness eight  years,  and  then  again  removed  to  America. 
He  purchased  the  old  family  residence,  formerly  owned 
by  his  father,  known  as  "  Kernwood,"  in  Salem,  and  he 
makes  that  his  home  now,  being  there  seven  or  eight 
months  of  each  year,  and  in  the  winter  months  at  205 


Commonwealth  A\enue,  in  Boston.  It  was  Mr.  Peabody's 
intention  lo  retire  from  business  when  he  returned  to 
America,  but  his  mental  and  bodily  activity  soon  again 
led  him  into  the  old  accustomed  paths,  and  he  was 
induced  to  accej)!  the  position  of  director  in  \arious 
moneyed  and  industrial  enterprises,  among  them  the 
American  Loan  and  'I'rust  Company,  now  located  in  the 
new  Exchange  Building,  53  State  Street,  Boston.  L'pon 
the  death  of  the  late  Ezra  H.  Baker,  Mr.  Peabody  was 

made    ]3  r  e  s  i  d  e  n  t , 
which    position    he 
still  fills.  The  Ameri- 
can Loan  and  Trust 
Company    is   one  of 
the   most   widely 
known  and    soundly 
conducted       institu- 
tions of    its   kind  in 
the    comitry.      Mr. 
Peabody  has  in  late 
years  been  interested 
in  electrical  manufac- 
turing    enter|irises, 
a n d  w as,  until  the 
formation  of  the  Gen- 
eral    Electric    Com- 
pany, a    director    in 
the  Thomson-Hous- 
ton  Company.      He 
is  also  a  director  in 
various  other  institu- 
tions.     He    was   for 
many  years  president 
of  the  Salem  National 
Bank,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent largely  interested 
in  real  estate  in  that 
ancient  city,  and  he 
has  always  taken  an 
active  interest  in  her 
progress.     Mr.  Peabody's  life  has  been  one  of  constant 
and  busy  occupation,  though  he  has  never  held  public 
office.     At  Salem,  in   1848,  Mr.  Peabody  married  Mari- 
anne Cabot  Lee,  daughter  of  the  late  John  C.  Lee,  a 
former  partner  in  the  house  of  Lee,  Higginson  &  Co. 
Their  children  are  :    John    Endicott,   Colonel    Francis, 
Rev.  Endicott  (who  has  established  a  school   for  boys 
at  Groton,  Mass.),  Martha  Endicott,  wife  of  John  Law- 
rence, and  (ieorge  Lee  Peabody. 


SAMUEL    ENDICOTT    PEABODY. 


SALEM. 


291 


J 


I, 


OSEPH  BARLOW  FELT  OSGOOD,  the  second  son 
of  William  and  Elizabeth  Curtis   (Felt)    Osgood, 
was  born  in  Salem,  Mass.,  July  i,  1823.     He  was  given 
the  full  name  of  his  uncle,  Joseph  B.  Felt,  D.  D.,  the 
noted    antiquarian   and   annalist   of   Salem,  whom   Mr. 
Osgood  has   justly  memorized    by  presentation  of   the 
doctor's  portrait,  and  a  good  portion  of  his  rare  library, 
with  additional  liberal  gifts  of  the  donor's  own  books 
and  money,  to  the  Salem  Public   Library.     Mr.  Osgood 
was   educated  at  the 
fc^nglish    High    and 
Latin    Grammar 
schools  of  Salem  :  in 
1842  he  matriculated 
at  Harvard,  graduat- 
ing  in    1846.     He 
was  admitted  to  the 
-Massachusetts     bar 
July    25,    1849,    and 
immediately  opened 
a  law  office  in  Salem, 
where    he  has   prac- 
tised until  the  pres- 
ent   time,     .^vailing 
himself  of   proffered 
positions,  he  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  suc- 
cessful business  while 
serving  as  a  member 
of   the   Salem   Com- 
mon    Council     from 
1849  to   1853,  inclu- 
sive, and  during  the 
same    period    served 
as   representative    in 
the   General    Court 
session  of    1850,    in 
the  famous  Coalition 
Legislature  of   1851, 
and  in   the    Legisla- 
ture of    1852,  with  his  classmate,   Senator  George    F. 
Hoar.     He  was   also  a  senator    in    the    Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1859  and   i860.     Mr.  Osgood  regarded 
all  these  positions  as  aids  to  success  in  his  legal  profes- 
sion, and  gradually  smothered  all  future  ambition   of 
political  preferment  under  the  self-persuasion  that  even 
in  the  quiet  city  of  his  birth  professional  work  would 
yield  him  a  comfortable  support  of  a  happy  and  unob- 
trusive   life.     In   December,   1864,    while    absent  from 


JOSEPH    B.    F.    OSGOOD. 


home,  Mr.  Osgood  was  nominated  and  elected  by  the 
Republican  party  as  mayor  of  the  city  for  the  closing 
year  of  a  great  public  trial  and  anxiety,  but  he  brought 
to  the  unsolicited  position  the  same  admirable  good 
sense,  unselfishness  and  independent  spirit  which  he 
had  elsewhere  displayed,  and  by  his  administration  — 
a  model  one  in  temper  and  tone  and  practical  results  — 
gave  to  the  city  true,  faithful  and  honorable  service. 
He  is  now  the  oldest  surviving  mayor  of  the  city.     In 

July,  1874,  Governor 
Talbot  appointed  Mr. 
Osgood  justice  of  the 
first  district  court  of 
Essex  County,  when 
first  established.  He 
had  not  essayed  to 
be  a  pleader  in 
courts,  but  as  a  veri- 
table counsellor-at- 
law  had  reaped  such 
_.^'  emoluments    from    a 

large  probate,  trust 
and  confidential 
|jractice  as  justified 
him  in  accepting  the 
new  honor  extended. 
His  superior  legal 
training  and  strong 
mental  and  moral 
traits  for  fourteen 
years  placed  the 
court  distinctly  upon 
the  side  of  law  and 
order,  of  temperance 
and  social  purity, 
thereby  secufing  for 
himself  the  lasting 
respect  and  confi- 
dence of  the  com- 
munity. He  resigned 
this  commission  in  January,  1888,  and  returned  to  the 
less  disheartening  business  of  his  office,  to  there  quietly 
illustrate  that  a  distinct  aim  of  early  life,  persevered  in 
with  self-reliance,  made  steadfast  with  honorable  motives, 
must  lead  to  a  true  and  well-merited  success  in  life. 
His  long  and  honorable  record  of  public  service,  extend- 
ing over  nearly  forty  years,  has  won  for  him  an  enviable 
name.  Mr.  Osgood  was  married,  Nov.  23,  1S53,  tq 
Mary  Jane  Creamer,  who  died  Sept.  16,  1865. 


292 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CAPTAIN    JOSEPH   MONROE  PARSONS  is  one 
of  the  most  active  and  useful  men  in  his  day 
and  generation,  and  has  been  successful  in  business  as 
well  as  in  military  affairs.     Evidences  of  his  skill  and 
workmanship  are  seen  on  every  hand  about  the  city  of 
Salem,  and  in  several  other  places.     He  is  one  of  Sa- 
lem's reliable  and  best-known  contractors  and  builders. 
Captain  Parsons  was  born  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  April 
2,  1840,  and  educated  in  the  iniblic  schools  of  that  city. 
He   came    to   Salem 
in  1857,  and  learned 
the     mason's    trade. 
When  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  broke  out, 
the  spirit  of  patriot- 
ism   was    roused 
within     young     Par- 
sons, and  laying  aside 
his  trowel  he  entered 
the    service    of    his 
imperilled      country. 
He    enlisted    in   the 
Salem    M  e  c  h  a  n  i  c 
Light    I  n  f  a  n  t  r  y,   a 
com]iany  of  the  Fifth 
Regiment,    and    was 
at    once    made    cor- 
poral, leaving  Salem 
for   the  seat  of   war 
April    17,  1861,  and 
participated    in    the 
first    battle    of    Bull 
Run,  July  21,   1861. 
At    the  end  of   this, 
his    first     campaign, 
his  military  ardor 
was  not  in  the   least 
abated,   but    on    his 
return  home,  at  the 
expiration   of  his 

three  months'  service,  he  immediately  re-enlisted  in  the 
First  Unattached  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artillery,  and 
was  commissioned  as  second  lieutenant,  July,  1862,  and 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant,  November,  1863.  He  was 
assigned  to  duty  in  Fort  Warren,  Boston  Harbor,  and 
was  appointed  provost  marshal  of  the  fort  in  1863,  dur- 
ing a  part  of  the  time  when  rebel  prisoners  were  con- 
fined there.  Lietitenant  Parsons  was  also  detailed  in 
the    service   of   transporting  conscripts    from    Gallop's 


JOSEPH    M,    PARSONS 


Island,  Boston  Harbor,  to  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1864 
he  was  commissioned  captain,  and  was  assigned  to  duty 
in  the  defences  of  Washington,  being  placed  in  com- 
mand, at  different  times,  of  Forts  Ricketts,  Maryland  ; 
Scott,  Virginia ;  Slemmer,  Lincoln  and  Reno,  District  of 
Columbia.  He  was  in  command  of  Fort  Slemmer 
when  President  Lincoln  was  assassinated,  and  was 
called  upon  to  throw  out  a  picket  guard  to  prevent  the 
escape  of  the  assassin.     He  remained  on  duty  in   this 

fort  until  September, 
1865,   when   he   was 
mustered  out  of  the 
service  of  the  United 
States.     Captain 
Parsons    joined    the 
Masonic     Fraternity 
in  1862.     He  was  a 
charter    member    of 
Starr    King    Lodge, 
April   17,   1865,   and 
is  now  a  member  of 
Washington  Chapter, 
and   Winslow    Lewis 
Command  e  r  y  of 
Knights    Templar. 
He  became  a  mem- 
ber of  Phil.  H.  Sher- 
i  d  a  n      Post      34, 
G.  A.  R.,  of  Salem, 
in     1869,    and     was 
elected    commander 
of  the  post  in  1881, 
and  served  his  term, 
to  the  great  accept- 
ance of  his  comrades. 
In    whatever    posi- 
tion   Captain    P  a  r  - 
sons  has  been  placed 
he  has  fully  met  the 
most    exacting    re- 
quirements in  his  line  of  duty,  and  has  always  ac(iuitted 
himself  nobly  and  well.     On  returning  from  the  war  Cap- 
tain Parsons   took    up  building   and  contracting  as  an 
occupation,  in   which    handicraft    he  was   well   skilled, 
erecting  a  number  of  government  buildings   in   Salem 
and  vicinity.     In   1892   he  built   the    handsome   stone 
church   for  the   First  Congregational  Society  in  Lynn, 
the  St.  Joseph  school-house  and  the  Gardner  Building, 
in  Salem. 


SALEM. 


293 


CHARLES  ODELL  is  one  of   the  well-known  busi- 
ness  men   of   Salem.     He    rose    to  prominence 
through  his  own  untiring  industry,  and  a  determination 
to   accomplish  whatever  purpose  he    undertook.     This 
latter  trait  has  been  a  marked  one  in  his  career.     As  a 
railroad  director  and  manager  he  has  shown  rare  capa- 
city.    With  him    success  has  been  a  duty.     Mr.  Odell 
became  connected  with  the    Naumkeag  Street  Railway 
Company  as  director  in  1882,  and  in  1884  was  elected 
president  of  the  cor- 
poration when  it  was 
considered  by  many 
a  losing  venture,  and 
when    energy  and 
hard  work  were   im- 
perative in  order  to 
bring    it    up    t o  a 
prosperous    c  o  n  d  i  - 
tion.    He  succeeded. 
Under   his   adminis- 
tration the  road  was 
extended  from  about 
seven  miles,  to  Mar- 
blehead,  W e  n h  a  m, 
Asbury    Grove    in 
Hamilton,  and   Bev- 
erly Cove ;  its  pres- 
ent   length    being 
thirty-eight     miles, 
and  it  is  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  and 
paying  roads  in  the 
State.     In     1886    he 
became  president  of 
the    Newburyport   & 
AmesburyHorse 
Railroad     Company, 
which  line  has  been 
extended      and 
equipped  for  electric 

traction.  He  also  is  interested  in  other  street  railway 
lines.  It  can  in  truth  be  said  that  he  was  the  great  mov- 
ing spirit  in  the  upbuilding  and  development  of  the 
Naumkeag  road.  He  took  hold  of  it,  as  has  been 
stated,  when  the  road  was  not  a  paying  property,  and 
when  many  capitalists  looked  upon  it  with  distrust. 
All  honor  to  him  for  his  push  and  enterprise.  For 
beauty  of  scenery  the  line  of  this  road  is  unsurpassed  in 
the    State.      For   some    distance    it    passes    along    the 


CHARLES   ODELL 


shores  of  Wenham  Lake,  and  has  its  terminus  at  beau- 
tiful Asbury  Grove.  Mr.  Odell  is  not  a  theorist,  nor 
have  his  talents  and  life-work  been  circumscribed  by 
the  narrow  and  exacting  conditions  of  speculation  and 
trade.  The  new  and  handsome  brick  block  he  erected 
on  Washington  Street  in  1891  attests  to  this  fact,  which 
structure,  it  is  hoped,  will  remain  as  a  permanent  adorn- 
ment to  the  city.  Mr.  Odell  is  a  firm  believer  in  build- 
ing up  rather  than  in    pulling  down.     He  is  eminently 

practical  in  his  way 
and  manner  of  doing 
business.  The  cap- 
italist, he  thinks, 
should,  as  a  rule,  in- 
vest largely  in  per- 
manent improve- 
ments —  in  other 
words,  a  little  more 
of  the  "salting" 
process  should  be 
adopted  by  men  of 
means  ;  that  money 
is  not  necessarily 
"  tied  up  "  because 
it  is  represented  in 
real  estate  and  busi- 
n  e  s  s  blocks  where 
trade  is  carried  on. 
ik  Riches  would  not  so 

frequently  take  unto 
themselves  wings  and 
fl  y  away,  if  Mr. 
O dell's  suggestions 
and  plans  were 
adopted.  Mr.  Odell 
was  born  in.  Salem, 
Mass.,  Oct.  26,  1838, 
and  is  still  young, 
vigorous  and  healthy. 
He  was  educated  in 
the  Salem  public  schools,  and  after  leaving  school  en- 
gaged in  the  hardware  business  for  several  years.  In 
1878  he  interested  himself  in  the  real  estate  and  broker- 
age business,  in  which  he  became  very  successful,  and 
through  placing  the  bonds  of  the  Naumkeag  Street  Rail- 
way Company  he  really  made  his  first  great  move  in 
railway  matters.  All  the  various  enterprises  in  which  he 
has  been  interested  have  been  carried  through  by  his 
energy  and  enthusiasm. 


294 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


DAXIKL    BARNARD    HA(;AR,    principal    of    the 
State  Normal  School  at  Salem,  Mass.,  has  been 
tor  many  years  one  of  the  strong  pillars  in  the  temple 
of  our  State  and  national  education.     He  was  born  in 
Newton  Lower  Falls,  Mass.,  .^pril  22,  1820,  the  son  of 
Isaac  and  Eunice  (Stedman)   Hagar.     When  a  boy  he 
spent  several  years  in  a  paper  mill  in  his  nati\  e  village, 
and  was  later  a  clerk  in  a  Boston  dry  goods  store  for 
two  years.     His  early  education  was   obtained    in   the 
village  district  school, 
and    in    the  private 
academy  of   West 
Newton.     He    pre 
pared    for    college 
chiefly  under  private 
tutors,  and   entering 
Union  College,  New 

York,    he    graduated  ■t"- 

in  the  class  of   1843,  ^ 

being   a    member  of  ' 

the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
and  a  commence- 
ment orator.  While 
connected  with  the 
college  he  taught  for 
some  months  in  the 
academy  at  Schuyler- 
ville,  N.  Y.,  and  at 
Kingston,  N.  \.  Mr. 
Hagar  received  from 
Union  College  the 
degree  of  A.  M.  in 
1846,  and  of  Ph.D. 
in  187  I.  His  peda- 
gogical experience 
has  covered  a  period 
of  fifty  years.  He 
was  principal  of  the 
Canajoharie  (N.  Y.) 
Academy  five  years ; 

of  the  Norwich  (N.  Y.)  Academy  in  1848-49  ;  of  the 
Eliot  High  School,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  from  1849 
until  1865,  and  since  the  latter  year  has  been  principal 
of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Salem.  He  has  been 
l^resident  of  the  Massachusetts  State  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion, the  American  Institute  of  Instruction,  the  Ameri- 
can Normal  Association,  the  National  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation, and  the  National  Council  of  Education.  He 
was  editor  of  the  "Massachusetts  Teacher,"  1852-56, 


\ 


DANIEL    B.    HAGAR 


and     1865-70.     He    has   given    numerous    educational 
addresses,  and  is  author  of  a  popular  series  of  mathe- 
matical text-books  which  have  an  extended  use  in  the 
best  class  of  schools.     He  has  often  been   solicited  to 
leave  normal  school  work  by  invitations  to  other  fields, 
but   he  has  uniformly  declined  ;  among  these  are   the 
position   of   State   commissioner  of  schools   in    Rhode 
Island,  supervisor  of  schools  in  the  city  of  Boston,  and 
superintendent  of  schools  in  four  other  cities  of  Massa- 
chusetts.   The  Salem 
Normal     School,    of 
which  Dr.  Hagar  has 
been    the    honored 
principal  so  long, 
is  one  of  the  oldest, 
best-known    and 
strongest  institutions 
of  its  kind  in  .•\mer- 
ica.     Twenty  -eight 
years  at  the  head  of 
such  a  school  as  this 
has  given  Dr.  Hagar 
the    opportunity   for 
great  usefulness,  and 
the    impress   of    his 
accurate      analvtical 
m  i  n  d     has     been 
stamped    upon     the 
schools     and    the 
school    system    of 
Massachusetts     a  n  d 
the    neighboring 
States.      Dr.     Hagar 
has    been    president 
of   the  Y'oung  Men's 
Christian  Association 
of  Salem  ;  vice-presi- 
dent  of  the  Essex 
Institute  of   Salem, 
and  in  1884  he  was 
one  of  the  presidential  electors  of  Massachusetts.     His 
honorable  and  extended  career  of  educational  usefulness 
has  been  of  great  value  to  the  cause  of  public  educa- 
tion, with  which  nearly  his  whole  life  has  been  identi- 
fied.    Dr.  Hagar  was  married,  in  1845,  to  Mary  Bradford 
McKim,  of   Schenectady,  N.  Y.     Of  this  union    there 
have  been  se\  en   children.     He  is  the  author  of  "  An 
.\bstract    of    the    Proceedings    of    the    Massachusetts 
Teachers'  Association  from  1845  to  1880." 


THE  settlement  of  Cambridge  in  1630,  with  the  view  of  making  it  the  seat  of  government  of  the  Colonv, 
after  a  thorough  reconnoissance  of  Boston's  surrounding  wilds  by  Governor  VVinthrop  and  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Dudley,  marked  an  era  in  the  life  of  the  young  community  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  Though  the  origina 
purpose  of  making  it  the  capital  town  was  not  carried  out,  the  place,  as  Newetowne,  early  became  important. 
The  governor  set  up  the  frame  of  a  dwelling  in  163 1,  where  he  had  first  tented  on  one  of  his  e.xplorations.  Streets 
were  regularly  laid  out,  four  in  number  at  the  start,  and  several  houses  were  built,  a  small  square  being  left  for  a 
market-place.  In  the  fall  of  that  year,  however,  for  some  unexplained  reason,  Winthrop  removed  his  skeleton  of 
a  house  to  Boston,  and  there  covered  it  in.  Dudley  and  his  family  remained,  and  the  ne.xt  year  partially  inclosed 
the  little  village  with  a  palisade  to  guard  against  Indian  attacks.  The  settlement  grew,  and  in  1632  was  reinforced 
by  a  company  of  about  a  hundred  from  Eraintree,  England,  organized  by  Rev.  Thomas  Hooker.  In  1634  com- 
plaints of  "  overcrowding"  were  made,  and  in  1636  the  disaffected  ones,  led  by  Hooker,  emigrated  to  Connecticut 
with  one  hundred  and  sixty  cattle.  The  same  year,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Shepard  arrived  with  a  small  company  from 
England,  and  finding  so  many  vacant  houses,  determined  to  join  their  interests  with  the  remnant.  The  influence 
of  Shepard  was  so  great  that  in  the  same  year  the  General  Court  agreed  to  give  ;!{"400  toward  a  school  or  colle^'e, 
and  the  next  year  located  it  in  Newetowne,  subsequently  naming  it  Harvard,  and  changing  the  town  name  to  Cam- 
bridge. Rev.  John  Hanard  of  Charlestown  was  a  graduate  of  Cambridge,  England,  and  at  his  death  left  the 
embryo  institution  his  library  of  three  hundred  volumes  and  a  bequest  of  ^^800.  Nathaniel  Eaton  was  first  in 
charge  of  the  college,  but  it  had  no  "president"  until  Henry  Dunster  was  thus  chosen  in  1640.  In  1639  Stephen 
Daye  established  the  first  printing-press  in  America,  one  of  the  adjuncts  to  the  college,  with  which  he  had  impor- 
tant dealings,  as  evidenced  when  he  sued  the  president  for  a  balance  and  lost  his  suit.  These  are  the  beginnings 
of  Cambridge  and  Harvard  ;  they  were  practically  a  unit ;  they  are  more  distinct  in  their  respective  greatness 
now.  To  follow  the  course  of  either  would  take  volumes,  and  volumes  have  already  been  written  of  them.  Old 
Cambridge  is  full  of  colonial  monuments.  Beside  the  Washington  Elm,  many  of  the  imposing  mansions  deserted 
by  the  Tories  on  their  departure,  notably  the  Craigies,  the  Brattles  and  the  Lees,  are  yet  objects  of  interest  to  the 
visitor. 

In  its  early  history  Cambridge  embraced  what  is  now  comprised  in  Brighton,  the  Newtons,  Waltham,  Water- 
town,  Belmont,  Arlington,  Lexington,  Bedford,  Medford  and  a  part  of  Somerville.  One  by  one  these  farming 
districts  separated  from  the  mother  town,  and  are  now  important  cities  and  towns.  The  Cambridge  of  to-day,  a 
city  of  nearly  eighty  thousand  inhabitants,  is  naturally  divided  into  distinct  sections,  with  Old  Cambridge  and 
Harvard  L^niversity  as  the  geographical  and  historical  centre,  surrounded  by  North  Cambridge (  the  old  cattle 
market).  East  Cambridge  (distinctively  a  manufacturing  district,  containing  also  the  Middlesex  Courts),  and  Cam- 
bridgeport  (once  a  port  of  entry,  now  largely  industrial).  The  lines  of  these  sections,  no  longer  than. fifty  years 
ago,  were  very  positively  marked  by  wide  intervals  of  vacant  land,  now  well  built  over  in  a  residential  way, 
so  as  almost  to  obliterate  them,  to  the  confusion  of  returning  wanderers  from  home  in  their  early  days.  These 
old  intervals,  particularly  those  between  Old  Cambridge  and  the  Port  are  monopolized  by  the  better  class  of 
homes  for  the  leading  merchants  of  Boston,  and  others  seeking  the  advantages  afforded  by  the  University  for  the 
education  of  their  growing  families,  impro\ed  travelling  facilities  between  the  two  cities  also  being  an  attraction. 
The  healthfulness  of  the  city  has  always  lieen  jiroverbial. 

Being  the  first  town  in  the  country  where  important  book  printing  was  undertaken,  from  that  of  Eliot's 
Indian  Bible  onward,  Cambridge,  with  her  l'ni\ersity  Press  and  Riverside  Press,  still  retains  the  prestige  in  that 
respect,  the  first-named  establishment  having  had  at  one  time  last  year  more  than  a  hundred  volumes  in  process. 
The  carriage  interest  has  for  years  been  a  prominent  feature,  from  the  construction  of  Holmes's  ever-to-be-remem- 
bered "  One  Hoss  Shay,"  to  the  modern  .American  railroad  car.  The  glass-making  industry  of  East  Cambridge 
has  gone  to  the  West,  and  has  been  supplanted  by  enormous  meat-packing  establishments.  North  Cambridge  has 
been  co\ered  by  modern  dwellings.  Bridge  building  and  other  iron  work,  with  box  and  soap  making,  are 
conspicuous  at  the  Port. 


296 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ALPHEUS  B.  ALGER,  of  Cambridge,  was  born  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  Oct.  8,   1854,  and   attended    the 
public  schools  of  that  city.     He  entered   Harvard  Col- 
lege in  October,  187 1,  from  which  he  graduated  in  the 
class   of    1875.     He    then   attended  the   Harvard    Law 
School,  and  also  studied  with  the  late  Judge  Josiah  G. 
Abbott,  of  Boston,  being  admitted  to  the  bar  in  June, 
1877.     Since  his  admission  he  has  practised  his  profes- 
sion in  Cambridge  and  Boston.     He  early  took  an  active 
part    in  the  politics, 
and  from    1878    to 
1 89 1  he  was  a  mem- 
ber   of    the    Demo- 
cratic City  Commit- 
tee of  Cambridge, 
occupying  the    posi- 
tion of  chairman  and 
secretary  of  that  com- 
mittee   during    por- 
tions of  that  period. 
In    1884    he    was 
elected  alderman  of 
the     city    of     Cam- 
bridge, and  the  same 
year   was   chosen    a 
member  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic   State    Com- 
mittee, continuing  a 
member  of  the  latter 
until  1891,  serving  on 
the  Finance  and  Ex- 
ecutive  committees, 
and  being   secretary 
of    the    State    Com- 
mittee for  four  years. 
The  University  City 
is  never  chary  of  be- 
stowing honors  upon 
her    deserving   chil- 
dren, and,  therefore, 

in  1886,  made  her  progressive  alderman  a  senator  from 
the  Third  Middlesex  Senatorial  District,  again  returning 
him  to  the  Senate  in  1887,  where  he  served  on  the 
following  important  committees :  Mercantile  Affairs, 
Public  Service,  Judiciary,  Liquor  Laws,  and  Bills  in 
Third  Reading,  and  on  the  committee  representing  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  at  the  Centennial  Celebration 
in  Philadelphia  in  1887.  Although  the  youngest  mem- 
ber of  the  Senate,  he  made  an  enviable  record  for  him- 


ALPHEUS    B.    ALGER. 


self  as  the  ijromoter  of  the  interests  of    his   city  and 
State,  and  during  his  term  of  service  he  was  recognized 
as  one  of  the  most  earnest  advocates  of  the  cause  of 
labor.     He  was    chosen   a   delegate    from    the    Eighth 
Congressional  District  of  Massachusetts  to  the  National 
Democratic    Convention    in     1888,    and    in    1890   was 
elected   mayor  of  Cambridge,  to  which  chief  honor  in 
the  gift   of  his  city  he  was  unanimously  re-elected  in 
1 89 1.     Socially,  one  of  the  most  genial  and  companion- 
able of  men,  his  suc- 
cess is  as  pronounced 
as  has  been  his  po- 
litical advancement, 
and     he    has     been 
foremost    in    every 
movement    and    or- 
ganization    for     the 
advancement      and 
mental      betterment 
of  his  fellow-citizens. 
He   is  a  member  of 
Amicable     Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  Cam- 
bridge   Royal    Arch 
Chapter,    Boston 
Commandery  ;     P  o  - 
nemah     Tribe,     Im- 
proved    Order    of 
Red  Men  ;  St.  Omer 
Lodge,     K.    of    P.; 
Aleppo   Temple, 
Order  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine  ;    and    the 
Haymakers.     In 
1 89 1    he    was    great 
\  sachem    of   the    Im- 

-'  proved     Order    of 

Red  Men,  and  was  a 
great  representative 
of  the  order  to  the 
council  held  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  in  September,  1892. 
Mayor  Alger  is  also  a  member  of  the  Central  Club,  of 
Somer\ille  ;  Arlington  Boat  Club,  of  Arlington  ;  Newe- 
towne  Club,  of  Cambridge,  and  Taylor  Club,  of  Boston. 
He  is  treasurer  and  secretary  of  the  Bay  State  Club,  of 
Massachusetts  ;  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Harvard 
Bridge  Commissioners  in  1891  and  1892  :  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Charles  River  Improvement  Commission, 
established  bv  act  of  Legislature  of  1891. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


297 


WILLIAM  AMOS  BANCROFT  was  born  in  Gro- 
ton,  Middlesex  County,  April  26,  1855.  He 
was  the  son  of  Charles  and  Lydia  Emeline  (Spaulding) 
Bancroft.  His  grandfather,  Dr.  Amos  Bancroft,  was  a 
physician  well  known  throughout  Middlesex  County. 
A  maternal  great-grandfather,  Henry  Bass,  was  one  of 
the  Boston  "  tea  party."  His  father  was  a  farmer,  and 
in  farm  work  and  country  sports  Bancroft  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  vigorous  constitution.  He  was  pre- 
pared for  college  at 
the  Lawrence  Acad- 
emy in  his  native 
town,  and  at  Phillips 
Exeter  Academy.  In 
1874  he  became  a 
resident  of  C  a  m  - 
bridge,  entered  Har- 
vard College  and 
graduated  in  1878. 
He  studied  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School, 
was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk  bar  in  1881, 
and  began  practice 
with  his  college 
classmate,  Judge 
Edward  F.  Johnson, 
since  mayor  of  Wo- 
burn.  From  child- 
hood he  took  an 
active  part  in  athlet- 
ics, and  became 
famous  as  the  cap- 
tain and  stroke  oars- 
man of  the  Harvard 
crews  of  1877,  1878 
and  1879,  whose 
victories  were  largely 
due  to  his  manage- 
ment. Young  Ban- 
croft joined  the  State  Militia  when  a  college  freshman, 
as  a  private  in  Company  B,  Fifth  Regiment  of  Infantry, 
and  rose  through  the  various  grades  till  he  became  a 
company  commander  in  1879,  and  colonel  of  his  regi- 
ment in  1882.  Under  his  command,  both  company 
and  regiment  rose  to  the  front  rank  of  efificiency,  and, 
in  1889,  the  regiment  was  detailed  because  of  its  high 
standing,  as  escort  to  the  State  delegation  on  the  anni- 
versary  of    Washington's    inauguration    in    New   York. 


WILLIAM    A.    BANCROFT. 


He  is  now  (1892)  the  senior  colonel  of  the  Massachu- 
setts   Volunteer    Militia.     In    1885  Colonel   Bancroft's 
executive  talents  attracted  the  attention  of  the  directors 
of   the  Cambridge  Railroad,  and  he  was   unanimously 
elected  its  superintendent,  and  later  superintendent  of 
the  consolidated  Cambridge  and  Charles  River  roads. 
Afterward  he  was  appointed  general  roadmaster  of  the 
West  End  system.     In  the  street  railway  business  his 
powers  as  a  manager  were  shown  in  the  successful  con- 
duct  of   the  road, 
and  in  obtaining  the 
g  o  o  d  -  w  i  1 1  of   the 
employees ;     while 
his  firmness,   energy 
and      organizing 
ability    at    the    time 
of    the    strike    in 
1887,   enabled  the 
company    to    i)ut 
every   one    of    its 
twenty-two    lines    in 
full  operation  within 
fourteen    days    after 
the    "  tie-up."     Col- 
onel   Bancroft   left 
the  street  railway  in 
18S9,    and    returned 
to    the    practice    of 
law    in     partnership 
with    his    college 
classmate,  Warren 
K.  Blodgett,  Jr.    The 
firm    has   offices    in 
Boston    and    Cam- 
bridge.     He   was 
elected  to  the  Cam- 
bridge     C  o  m  m  o  n 
Council    in     i  88  i , 
and,    in     1882,    was 
elected  to   the  Gen- 
eral Court.     During    his   three   years'    service    in    the 
Legislature,    he  served  on  many  important  committees. 
In    the    fall  of    1890    Colonel  Bancroft  was    elected   a 
member  of   the    Cambridge    Board    of   Aldermen.     In 
1 89 1    he  was   re-elected,  and  was  unanimously  chosen 
president  of  the  board.     He  married  Mary  Shaw,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  and  Catherine  (Perry)  Shaw,  of   Peabody, 
in    1879,    and    has   three    children,  —  Hugh,    (luy   and 
Catherine. 


2gS> 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE   growth  of   a  community   is   largely  due    to   its 
traxelling    facilities.     This    fact    has    been    made 
very  apparent  in  the  increased  population  of  Cambridge. 
To  Thomas  Stearns  that  city  is  indebted  indirectly  for 
its  present  high  status,  aside  from  its  world-wide  repu- 
tation as  a  university  town.     Mr.  Stearns  came  to  Cam- 
bridge in  1830,  from  Paris,  Me.,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  years.     He  engaged   in   various  pursuits  for  a  few 
years,  and  bought  a  livery  stable  that  had  a  large  pat- 
ronage.    There    was 
but  one  stage  line  to 
Boston,  making  only 
two    trips   a   day   at 
twenty-five    cents    a 
fare.     A    popular 
driver    on    this   line, 
Joseph    K.     Tarbox, 
though    without 
means,  sought  to  es- 
tablish a  new  line  at 
a  reduced   rate.     In 
this  he  was  aided  by 
Mr.  Stearns  and  oth- 
ers, the   facilities  of 
the  stable  being  ac- 
corded    him.      The 
traffic  grew  until  Mr. 
Stearns  was  induced 
to  join  him.     It  was 
not   long  before  the 
price    of    a    passage 
was  brought  down  to 
fifteen      cents,     and 
many    Boston     mer- 
chants were  thus  at- 
tracted to  Cambridge 
as   a    place    of    resi- 
dence.    The  induce- 
ments    to     emigrate 
from    the  city   were 

further  increased  by  a  concession  of  forty  tickets  for 
five  dollars,  and  trips  to  intervals  of  only  fifteen  minutes. 
Stearns  iv  Tarbox  became  very  popular.  Dwellings  of 
the  first  class  sprang  up  along  and  off  the  route.  The 
prospects  for  further  progress  were  so  apparent  that  still 
greater  inducements  to  settlement  were  determined 
upon.  (^)uarterly  rates  were  made  for  regular  patrons 
at  five  dollars,  entitling  them  to  two  fares  a  day,  not 
including   Sundays  or  theatre   trips.     The    line  at  one 


time  had  fi\e  hundred  of  these  subscribers,  and  a  com- 
putation of  what  they  thus  paid   brought  their  fare  to 
them  at  a  little  under  six  cents,  the  rate  of  tolls  over 
West  Boston  bridge  considered,  the  omnibus  company 
paying  for  its  conveyances  and  passengers  at  a  shilling 
( 16J  cents)  each  way.     The  highest  thus  paid  for  bridge 
service  in  one  month  was  Si, 140.     Finally  the  old  and 
the    new    lines   of   omnibuses  were   consolidated,  Abel 
Willard  and  Charles  Kimball,  of  the  original  line,  join- 
ing   their    interests, 
and   Cambridge  was 
favored  with  several 
routes     under     one 
management.    These 
varied    in    rates,  ac- 
cording to  distance, 
from  eight    and    ten 
cents  to  twenty  cents, 
quarterly    commuta- 
tions   being   propor- 
tionately low.  In  Jan- 
uary, 1856,  this  cor- 
poration,   of     which 
Mr.  Stearns  was  the 
head  and  the  treas- 
urer, disposed  of  its 
plant  and  interest  to 
the  Cambridge  Street 
Railway  Company, 
which    has    recently 
been  absorbed  by  the 
\\'est    End    Railway. 
In  these  years  Cam- 
bridge has  increased 
from  six  thousand  to 
nearly    eighty    thou- 
sand inhabitants  who 
pay  uniform  five-cent 
fares.     The    starting 
point  of  all  this  was 
the  foresight  and  enterprise  of  Mr.  Stearns  and  his  co- 
adjutors.    He  has  also  borne  an  important  jiart  in  de- 
veloping a  township  in  Minnesota.     He    is  descended 
from  Isaac  Stearns,  who  came  to  Salem  from  England 
in  1630.     On  the  occasion  of  the  funeral  of  Daniel  Web- 
ster, he  fitted  out  his  largest   omnibus,  named   for  the 
statesman  long  before,  with  six  big  grays,  and  jiiloted 
the  coach,  full  of  prominent  Cambridge  men  to  Marsh- 
field,  forty  miles  and  return,  the  same  day. 


THOMAS    STEARNS. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


299 


CHKSTER  WARD  KINGSLEY,  one  of  the  most 
enterprising  ami  public  spirited  citizens  of 
Cambridge,  was  born  in  Brighton,  June  9,  1824,  his 
parents  being  Moses  and  Mary  Kingsley.  His  initial 
education  was  obtained  in  his  native  town,  where  his 
father  died  when  Chester  was  but  four  years  old,  and 
at  the  age  of  ten  he  was  thrown  upon  his  own  resources. 
He  made  his  way  to  Michigan,  and  passed  five  years 
in  that  then  wild  region.  Returning  to  Brighton,  he 
finished  his  school 
life  in  the  grammar 
and  high  schools,  and 
afterward  learned  the 
trade  of  a  carpenter. 
This  not  proving  con- 
genial to  his  temper- 
ament, he  sought 
another  occupation 
in  applying  for  and 
accepting  the  posi- 
tion of  messenger  in 
the  old  bank  of 
Brighton,  where  he 
remained  as  such 
two  years.  He  was 
afterwards  teller  in 
the  same  bank  three 
years.  In  1851  he 
became  cashier  of  the 
Cambridge  Market 
I) a n k,  re m a  i  n  i  n  g 
there  fi\e years  ;  1856 
he  went  into  the 
wholesale  provision 
business  in  Boston, 
and  retired  from  that 
in  1865.  Since  then 
he  has  been  inter- 
ested in,  and  treas- 
urer of,  an  anthra- 
cite coal  company  in  Pennsylvania,  and  during  the  time 
was  the  president  of  the  National  Bank  of  Brighton, 
which  was  the  successor  to  the  old  bank  in  which  he 
began  his  business  life.  Mr.  Kingsley  was  married  in 
Boston  by  Rev.  Dr.  George  \V.  Blagden,  in  May,  1846, 
to  Mary  Jane,  the  daughter  of  Daniel  and  Hannah 
Todd,  of  Brighton,  and  they  have  had  seven  children, 
four  of  whom  are  now  living, —  Ella  Jane  (Mrs.  M. 
Clinton    Bacon),   Addie    May    (Mrs.   D.   Frank   Ellis), 


Luceba  Dorr  (Mrs.  Parker  F.  Soule),  and  C.  ^\^  Kings- 
ley.  Mr.  Kingsley  has  been  an  alderman  of  Cam- 
bridge, a  member  of  the  School  Board,  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Cambridge  Water  Board  since  1865,  and 
president  of  the  same  for  many  years  past.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1882,  1883 
and  1884,  and  senator  from  the  Third  Middlesex  Dis- 
trict in  1888  and  1889.  He  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee which  reported  and  carried  through  the  Legisla- 
ture the  Metropolitan 
Sewerage  Bill  for  the 
valleys  of  the  Charles 
and  Mystic  rivers. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  Rapid  Transit 
Commission  of  1891 
to  recommend  a  sys- 
tem of  rapid  transit 
for  Boston  and  the 
suburban  districts. 
He  is  one  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  American 
Baptist  Education 
Society,  Colby  Uni- 
versity, Newton  The- 
ological Institution, 
Worcester  .Academy 
and  the  Massachu- 
setts Baptist  State 
Convention.  He  was 
for  three  years  pres- 
ident of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Home 
Missionary  Society. 
He  has  been  one  of 
the  execiTtive  com- 
mittee of  the  Amer- 
ican Baptist  Mission- 
ary Union,  and  pres- 
ident of  the  Boston 
Baptist  Social  Union,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Cambridge, 
Colonial  and  Massachusetts  clubs.  He  is  a  life -long  Pro- 
hibitionist and  Republican.  In  recent  years  Mr.  Kingsley 
has  been  very  acti\e  in  beautifying  and  enlarging  North 
Cambridge,  where  he  resides.  Streets  have  been  laid, 
trees  planted,  attractive  dwellings  of  the  higher  grades 
built,  sewers  constructed,  and  everything  possible  has 
been  done  by  him  to  enhance  the  importance  and  in- 
terests of  the  city. 


CHESTER    W.    KINGSLEY. 


300 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


CHARLES   JOHN    McINTIRE  has  been  the  city 
solicitor  of  the  city  of  Cambridge  since  March 
12,  1886.     He  is  the  only  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Amelia 
Augustine  (Landais)  Mclntire  ;  was  born  and  has  always 
lived  at  Cambridge.     His  paternal  ancestors  came  to 
Salem   from  Argyll,  in  Scotland,  about  1650.     In  1733 
they  went  to  Charlton  (formerly  Oxford),  in  Worcester 
County,   the  birthplace    of    his  father.     His  mother  is 
the  daughter  of  a  French  engineer  officer,  commissioned 
in  the  United  States 
army  on  the  recom- 
mendation   of    his 
uncle.  Colonel  Tou- 
sard,  who  came  over 
with    I-afayette    and 
organized   our   artil- 
lery   service     under 
General  Washington. 
She  was  born  in  Fort 
Moultrie,  Charleston, 
Sou  th   Carolina. 
Through  her  mother 
she  is  a  lineal  descen- 
dant of  John    Read, 
one   of    the    leading 
lawyers  of  Boston  in 
colonial     days,    and 
also   of    his    son-in- 
law,  Charles  Morris, 
born  in  Boston,  but 
who  for  many  years 
was  chief   justice  of 
Nova  Scotia.     While 
still  a   student,    Mr. 
Mclntire  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  the  Forty- 
fourth  Massachusetts 
Regiment,    and    was 
with  it  in  all  its  en- 
gagements during  the 

Civil  War,  including  the  famous  defence  of  the  besieged 
town  of  Washington,  N.  C.  He  has  since  held  many 
positions  of  trust,  among  which  are  terms  in  the  Board 
of  Aldermen,  Common  Council,  School  Board  and  the 
Legislature.  He  has  been  assistant  district  attorney ; 
assisted  in  framing  the  new  city  charter  for  Cambridge, 
and  in  revising  the  city  ordinances  ;  and  at  the  present 
time,  by  appointment  of  the  governor,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  commission  to  revise  and   codify  the    election 


CHARLES   J.    McINTIRE. 


laws.  He  was  also  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Colo- 
nial Club,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Cambridge  and 
Newetowne  clubs.  Mr.  Mclntire  is  a  convincing  advo- 
cate and  strong  counsellor,  and  has  attained  success  in 
competition  with  the  eminent  practitioners  of  the 
Massachusetts  bar.  A  leading  member  of  the  bar  of 
his  county,  whose  constant  presence  in  court  makes  him 
better  qualified  to  form  an  opinion  than  almost  any 
other,  writes  of  him  :   "  The  honorable  position  attained 

by  Mr.  Mclntire  at 
the  justly  celebrated 
Middlesex  bar  is  in 
itself  all  sufificient  to 
lead  to  a  just  esti- 
mate of  h  i  s  1  e  g  a  I 
abilities.  The  time 
has  passed  when  men, 
by  chance  or  fortui- 
t  o  u  s  circumstance, 
step  to  the  front  rank 
of  the  profession. 
Patient  study  and  un- 
tiring devotion  only 
lead  to  success.  Mr. 
Mclntire's  success  is 
nowhere  better  illus- 
trated than  in  his 
administration  of  the 
office  of  city  solic- 
F I      ,^^^'mil^^B  'tor    of    Cambridge. 

*  mm^  ^^^  He   has  been  called 

^^K  upon  to  obtain  varied 

and  important  legis- 
lation ;  he  has  mas- 
tered the  whole  range 
of  municipal  law  and 
become  the  safe  ad- 
viser of  the  city's 
officials  ;  he  has  ex- 
ercised rare  judg- 
ment in  the  settlement  of  claims,  and  prudently  adjusted 
large  suits  incident  upon  the  extension  of  the  water 
works  ;  and  when  called  into  court  he  has  managed  his 
cases  with  tact  and  skill,  and  with  a  quiet  dignity  which 
can  only  be  obtained  by  the  consciousness  of  a  thorough 
mastery  of  his  case  and  of  the  law."  Not  only  of  all  the 
intricacies  of  municipal  law  but  of  general  law  as  well 
Mr.  Mclntire  is  considered  a  thorough  master.  His 
Boston  office  is  in  Pemberton  S(|uare. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


301 


T 


HOMAS    WEN'r\\'ORTH    HIGGINSON,    author, 


graduated    at    Harvard    in    1841,  and   at   the  Harvard 
Divinity  School  in   1847,  when  he  was  ordained  pastor 
of   the    First   Congregational   Society  in    Newburyport, 
Mass.     He  left  this  church  on  account  of  anti-slavery 
preaching  in  1850,  and  in  the  same  year  was  an  unsuc- 
cessful Free-soil  candidate  for  Congress.     He  was  sub- 
sequently pastor  of  a  free  church  in  Worcester,  Mass., 
from    1852   to  1858, 
when    he    left    the 
ministry  and  devoted 
himself  to  literature. 
He  had  been  active 
in   the    anti- slavery 
agitation   of   this 
period,  and  for  his 
part  in  the  attempted 
rescue  of   a  fugitive 
s  1  a  \-  e ,      Anthony 
Burns,  was    indicted 
for    murder    with 
Theodore   Parker, 
Wendell  Phillips  and 
others,  but  was  dis- 
charged   owing  to   a 
flaw    in    the    indict- 
ment.     He    also 
aided  in  the  organi- 
zation of  Free  State 
forces   in   Kansas. 
He    was     appointed 
captain  in  the  Fifty- 
first    Massachusetts 
Regiment,  Sept.   25, 

1862,  and    in    the 
following    November 
was  made  colonel  of 
the    First    South 
Carolina    Volun- 
teers (afterwards  called  the  Thirty-third  United  States 
Troops),  the  first  regiment  of  freed  slaves  mustered  into 
the   national   service.     He  took  and  held  Jacksonville, 
Fla.,  but  was  wounded   in   South    Carolina,  in  August, 

1863,  and  in  October,  1864,  resigned  on  account  of 
disability.  He  then  engaged  in  literature  at  Newport, 
R.  I.,  till  1878,  and  afterwards  at  Cambridge,  where  he 
has  since  resided.  He  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  woman 
suffrage  and  of  the  higher  education  of  both  sexes.     He 


THOMAS    W.    HIGGINSON 


was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  1S80 
and  1 88 1,  serving  as  chief-of-staff  to  the  governor  dur- 
ing the  same  time,  and  in  1881-83  ^^"^^  3-  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  He  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
leading  American  periodicals.  He  is  the  author  of 
"Out-Door  Papers"  (1863);  "  Malbone,  an  Oldport 
Romance  "  (1869)  ;  "Army  Life  in  a  Black  Regiment  " 
(1870)  ;  French  translation  by  Madame  de  Gasparin 
(1884);  ".Atlantic    Essays"  (1871);   "Oldport  Days" 

(1873);     "Young 
Folks'    History  of 
the   United    States " 
(1875);    French 
translation     (1875)  ; 
German     translation 
(1876)  ;    Italian 
translation     (1888); 
"  Common      Sense 
.About    Women" 
(i88t)  ;    "Life    of 
Margaret      Fuller 
Ossoli,"    "  American 
Men    of     Letters" 
series      (1884)   ; 
"  Larger    History    of 
the  United  States,  to 
the    Close    of    Jack- 
so  n '  s     Administra- 
tion" (1885)  ;  "The 
Monarch  of  Dreams" 
(1886)  ;  "Hints   on 
Writing  and  Speech- 
making  "    (1887); 
"Short   Studies  of 
.•\merican    Authors " 
(1879)  ;  -"Women 
and   Men"   (1888)  ; 
"The     Afternoon 
Landscape"  (1889)  ; 
"Life   of    Francis 
Higginson"   (1891);  "The  New  World  and  the   New 
Book"  (1892);  "  Concerning  All  of  Us"  (1892).     He 
has  also  translated  the  "Complete  Works  of  Epictetus" 
(r865),   and    edited    the   "Harvard   Memorial  Biogra- 
phies "  (two  volumes,  1865),  and  "Brief  Biographies  of 
European  Statesmen"  (four  volumes,  1875-77).    Several 
of  his  works  ha\e  been  reprinted  in  England.     As    a 
lecturer.  Colonel  Higginson  has  been  extremely  popular. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Republican  Club  of  Massachusetts. 


302 


MASSACHUSETTS    UF    TO-DAY. 


DR.  DUDLEY  A.  SARGENT,  director  of  the  Hem- 
enway  Gymnasium    at    Harvard    College,  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Physical  Education,  and   chairman  of  the  Advisory 
Council    of    the    World's    Fair    Auxiliary   Congress    of 
Physical   Culture,   is   entitled   to  the   credit   of   having 
originated  and  introduced  into  Harvard  College  a  sys- 
tem of  physical  culture  based  on  therapeutic  princi|3les, 
which    has    been   so   successful    that  nearly  all    of    the 
important  colleges 
and    private    gymna- 
siums of  the  country 
have    taken    up    the 
method.       Dr.     Sar- 
gent,  believing   that 
proper  physical  train- 
ing,   together    with 
logical    attention    to 
dietetics,  bathing, 
sleep,  clothing,  etc., 
would  not  only  make 
the  weak  strong,  and 
the   strong  well,  but 
would  also  attack  in- 
cipient forms  of  dis- 
ease and  fortify  the 
-system    against     the 
evil     tendencies     of 
our    c  i  V  i  1  i  z  a  t  i  o  n  , 
evolved  a  system  of 
individualism    in 
])hysical       rulture 
which     had     for     its 
groundwork    the  ac- 
tual   needs   of    each 
particular   ]i  e  r  s  o  n  . 
This  was  in  contra- 
diction   to   the   mili- 
tary or  group  method, 
whereby    persons   of 

unequal  development  and  varying  conditions  of  health 
were  all  given  the  same  exercise,  which  resulted  in 
abnormal  development  to  some  and  injured  others  by 
over-exertion.  To  remedy  this.  Dr.  Sargent,  by  a  series 
of  measurements  and  a  study  of  the  physi([ue  of  the 
individual,  prescribed  a  course  of  training  to  suit  each 
case.  Dr.  Sargent  was  born  in  Belfast,  Me.,  Sept.  28, 
1849,  of  oW  Puritan  stock,  John  Rogers  being  one  of 
his  ancestors.     He  was  always  fond  of  out-door  sports, 


DUDLEY    A.    SARGENT 


and  early  developed  strength  and  agility.     He  attended 
the  public  schools  at  Belfast.     His  career  as  an  expo- 
nent of  physical  culture   was  probably  decided  by  the 
breaking  of  a  piece  of  apparatus  in  the  local  athletic 
club,   for  which    he   was    expelled    from   the    organiza- 
tion.    Piqued,  he   bent  all    his   energies  on  gymnastic 
practice  and  at  a  subsetpient  exhibition  sur])assed  all  the 
members  of  the   club   to  which  he  had  lielonged.     In 
1869  he  accepted   the    position  of    instructor  of  gym- 
nastics  at   Bowdoin, 
by  which  he  earned 
money  enough  to  fit 
himself  to  enter  the 
freshman    class    in 
1 87 1.      In  this  year 
he    was    given     full 
charge  of  the  depart- 
ment.    In   1872  Dr. 
Sargent    became   di- 
rector  of    the    Yale 
College  Gymnasium, 
also   continuing    his 
connection  with  that 
of    Bowdoin,    from 
which    college    he 
graduated    in    1875. 
He    graduated    from 
the   Vale  M  e  d  i  c  a  1 
School   in    1878.     It 
was    while    studving 
medicine  at  Yale  that 
he     developed     his 
new  system  of  physi- 
cal culture,  which  has 
now  become   almost 
uni\'ersal.     He    sub- 
mitted   his    plan    to 
the  Yale  faculty,  but 
it  vvas    rejected, 
whereupon     he     re- 
signed, going  to  New  York,  where  he  took   a  si>ecial 
course  of  hygiene  and  medicine.     He  (nit   his  system 
into  practice  in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Gymnasium,  and  soon 
gained  a  wide   reputation.     In    1879  he   accepted   the 
position  of  assistant  jjrofessor   of   physical    training  at 
Harvard  College,  and  it  was  under  his  direction  that  the 
then    new  Hemenway   Gymnasium  was  fitted  u]i.     Dr. 
Sargent  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  magazines 
and  reviews. 


CAMBRIDGF.. 


303 


•m^ 


JOHN   FISKE,  historian  and   philosopher,  was  born 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  March  30,  1843,  the  only  child 
of  Kdmund  Brewster  Green,  of  Smyrna,  Del,  and  Mary 
Fiske  (Bound)  Green,  of  Middleton,  Conn.     The  father 
was  an  editor  of  newsjjaijers,  at  different  times,  in  Hart- 
ford, New  York  and   Panama,  where  he  died  in   1852. 
His  widow  married  Edwin  W.  Stoiighton,  of  New  York, 
in  1855.     The  son's  name  was  originally  Edmund  Fiske 
Green.     In    1855    he   took   the  name  of   his    maternal 
great-  grandfather, 
John  Fiske.     He  was 
graduated   at   H  a  r  - 
vard  in  1863,  and  at 
the    Law    School    in 
1865,    having    been 
already  admitted    to 
the    Suffolk    bar    in 
1S64,   but    he    never 
jjractised    the    law. 
His  career  as  an  au- 
thor began  in   1861 , 
with    an    article    on 
"  Mr.  Buckle's  Falla- 
cies,"   in    the    "  Na- 
tional    (Quarterly 
Review."     Since  that 
time    he    has    been 
a  frequent  contribu- 
tor   to    British    and 
American  magazines. 
In    1869-71    he   was 
university  lecturer  on 
philosoi)hy   at    Har- 
\ard,    in    1870    in- 
structor   i  n     history 
there,   and    1872-79 
assistant       librarian. 
He    was    elected    to 
the  Board   of   Over- 
seers   twice,   serving 

from  1879  to  1891.  Since  1881  he  has  lectured  annually 
on  American  history  in  Washington  L'niversity,  St.  Louis, 
and  since  1SS4  has  held  a  professorship  of  American 
history  in  that  institution,  but  continues  to  make  his 
home  in  Cambridge.  He  lectured  on  American  history 
at  University  College,  London,  in  1879,  and  at  the 
Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  in  1880.  Since  187 1 
he  has  given  many  hundred  lectures.  The  largest  part 
of  his  life  has  been  devoted  to  the  study  of  history,  but 


i 


at  an  early  age  inciuiries  into  the  nature  of  human  prog- 
ress led  him  to  a  careful  study  of  the  doctrine  of  evolu- 
tion, and  his  first  lectures  on  the  subject  brought  him 
into    prominence.     In    187 1    he   made    his    remarkable 
discovery  of  the  effects  of  the  prolongation  of  infancy  in 
bringing  about  the  development  of  man  from  a  lower 
creature.     His  conclusions   were    accepted    by  Darwin 
and    Spencer.     His    published    works   are  —  "Tobacco 
and  Alcohol"  (New  York,   1868)  ;  "Myths  and  Myth- 
makers  "    (Boston, 
1872)  ;  "  Outlines  of 
Cosmic    Philosophy, 
Based  on   the    Doc- 
trine of   Evolution" 
(2  volumes,  London, 
1874),      repul)lished 
in    Boston;    "The 
Unseen    World" 
(Boston,      1876)  ; 
"  Darw  i  n  i  sm    and 
Other  Essays"  (Lon- 
don, 1879),  ns^^  ^'1'' 
enlarged     edition 
(Boston,    1885); 
"  Excursions    of    an 
Evolutionist"    (Bos- 
ton,    1885);     "The 
Destiny   of   M  a  n 
Viewed  in  the  Light 
of  his  Origin  "  (Bos- 
ton,    1884)  ;     "The 
Idea  of  God  as  Af- 
fected by  Mod  ern 
Knowledge  "     (  Bos- 
ton, 1885)  ;   "  .Amer- 
ican   Political    Ideas 
Viewed    from    the 
Standpoint    of    Uni- 
versal     History" 
(New  York,    1885)  ; 
"The  Critical  Period  of  American  History"   (Boston, 
1889);  "The   Beginnings  of  New  England"    (Boston, 
1889)  ;  "The  Discovery  of  America,  with  Some  Account 
of  Ancient  America  and  the  Spanish  Conquest"   (2  vol- 
umes, Boston,  1 89  2 ) .   The  last-named  is  Mr.  Fiske's  most 
elaborate,  and  one  of  his  most  original  works,  including 
the  results  of  investigations  carried  on  for  a  (piarter  of  a 
century.     It  is  his  habit  to  keep  his  books  partly  written 
and  ripening  for  several  years  before  publishing  them. 


JOHN    FISKE. 


304 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


THE   name   of  Agassiz   is  synonymous  with  the  ad- 
vanced knowledge  of  nature,  zoological  and  geo- 
logical, in  the  United    States.     Alexander  Agassiz,  the 
only  son  of  the  late  Louis  Agassiz,  the  naturalist,  by  his 
first  wife,  was  born   in  Neufchatel,  Switzerland,  Dec.  17, 
1835.     In    1846,   his   father,  after  a   long   career  as  a 
scientist   and   author   in  Europe,  came    to   the  United 
States  at  the  suggestion  of  Humboldt,  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  incidentally  to  deliver  a 
series  of  lectures  on 
"  Comparative    Em- 
bryology"    at   the 
Lowell  Institute,  Bos- 
ton.    His  mission  of  j 
research   proved    s  o 
successful  and  prom- 
ising   for    further 
knowledge,    that   h  e 
determined  to  make 
America   h  i  s  home, 
and  accepted  a  pro- 
fessorship made  for 
him  in  the  Lawrence 
Scientific    School, 
Cambridge,    by    its 
founder.     Voimg  Al- 
exander followed    in 
1849,  his  early  edu- 
cation   completed. 
He    prepared    for 
Harvard,  and  gradu- 
ted  in  1855.     After  a 
course    of    engineer- 
ing in  the  Scientific 
School,   he    received 
the  degree  of  B.  S., 
and  took  a  course  in 
chemistry  ;    then    he 
taught  in  his  father's 
school    for  young 

ladies.  He  assisted  in  the  California  coast  survey  in 
1859,  and  collected  specimens  for  the  museum  that  the 
elder  Agassiz  had  established  at  Cambridge,  visiting  on 
the  same  tour  many  of  the  mines.  In  i860  he  became 
assistant  in  the  museum,  taking  charge  in  1865,  while 
his  father  was  in  Brazil.  Coal  mining  in  Pennsylvania 
also  engaged  his  attention  in  1865,  and  in  the  following 
year  he  made  the  Lake  Superior  copper  mines  his  study. 
There,  in  1 869,  he  was  made  superintendent  of  the  Calumet 


ALEXANDER    AGASSIZ 


and  Hecla  mines,  and  developed  them  until  they  became 
the  most  prolific  ore  bearers  known.  From  the  wealth 
they  have  brought  him  he  has  increased  the  capacity  of 
the  Agassiz  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  of  which 
he  is  the  head,  more  than  threefold,  at  a  monetary  ex- 
pense to  himself  of  more  than  §500,000,  not  to  mention 
the  years  of  personal  care  and  oversight.  He  examined 
the  museums  of  England,  France,  Germany,  Italy  and 
Scandinavia  in  1869-70,  and  on  the  death  of  his  father 

succeeded  to  his  po- 
sition  in   1874.     He 
was  director   of   the 
Anderson  School  of 
Natural    History    in 
1873,  and  visited  the 
western    coast    of 
South    .America   in 
1875,   making   notes 
of  the  copper  mines 
of    Peru    and    Chili, 
and  a  survey  of  Lake 
Titicaca,     collecting 
for   the    P  e  a  b  o  d  y 
Museum    many    an- 
tiquities. He  assisted 
Sir   Wyville   Thomp- 
son, of   Scotland,  in 
arranging  the  collec- 
tions   made    by  the 
"  Challenge  r  "  ex- 
ploring expedition,  a 
part    of    which    he 
brought    home,    and 
he  wrote  one  of    its 
final  reports.     Deep- 
sea  dredging  was  his 
winter  occupation  in 
1876-81,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  United 
States    coast   survey, 
the  steamer  "Blake"  having  been  tendered  him  by  the 
government.     Mr.  .Agassiz  has  been  a  fellow  and  over- 
seer of  Harvard  College,  is  a  member  of    the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences,  and  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science.     His  publications  are 
chiefly  on  marine  zoology.     It  is  said  of  him  that  "  he  is 
the  best  authority  in  the  world  on  certain  forms  of  marine 
life."     In  the  fall  of  1892  he  projected  and  entered  upon 
an  extended  exploration  of  the  West  Indian  waters. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


305 


TO  bear  the  distinction  of  having  originated  and  built 
the  first  ty|)ical  American  railway  passenger  car 
is  certainly  a  great  honor.  Charles  Davenport  is  de- 
scended from  Thomas  Davenport,  who  came  from  Eng- 
land to  Dorchester,  Mass.,  before  1640.  He  was  born 
in  Newton  Upper  Falls,  May  25,  1812,  and  was  the 
seventh  of  a  family  of  twelve  children,  four  of  whom 
lived  to  be  more  than  eighty  years  old,  and  three  of 
whom  are  now  living.  In  1828  he  was  apprenticed  to 
George  W.  Randall, 
of  Cambridgeport,  to 

learn  the  wood-work  

of  the  coach  and 
carriage-mak  i  n  g 
trade.  In  1832,  be- 
fore he  was  twenty 
years  old,  Ca]>tain 
-E.  Kimball  and  he 
bought  Mr.  Randall 
out,  and  he  started 
for  himself  with  two 
journeymen  and  four 
apprentices.  C  a  p- 
tain  Kimball  was  the 
landlord  of  the  Pearl 
Street  Hotel,  and,  in 
connection  with  a 
livery  stable,  ran  two 
or  three  coaches  a 
day  between  Cam- 
bridge and  Boston. 
H  e  furnished  the 
money.  Mr.  Daven- 
port thereafter  built 
all  the  carriages  of 
the  establishment, 
and  taking  half  the 
profits,  h  e  doubled 
the  business  the  first 
year.     Mr.  D  a  v  e  n  - 

port's  business  prospects  were  so  good  that  Mr.  Kimball 
advised  him  to  buy  out  the  blacksmith,  painter,  harness- 
maker  and  trimmer,  who  were  in  the  same  yard,  and  to 
combine  all  the  business  under  his  own  direction.  In 
1833-34,  the  firm  built  a  large  number  of  all  kinds  of 
vehicles,  including  sleighs,  and  the  first  omnibus  built  in 
New  England.  In  the  fall  of  1834  Mr.  Davenport  took 
the  contract  to  build  some  four-wheel  railway  cars  for 
the  Boston  &  Worcester  Road,  to  seat  twenty-four  people 


CHARLES    DAVENPORT 


each.  They  were  the  first  ever  designed  with  a  passage- 
way running  from  end  to  end  between  the  seats,  all  of 
previous  construction  ha\ing  been  in  three  conijiart- 
ments,  half  the  passengers  riding  backwards.  In  1836-37 
he  built  for  the  Eastern  Railroad  twenty  four-wheel  cars 
with  platforms  and  doors  on  the  end,  and  a  passageway 
through  each  car.  A  model  of  these  cars  was  exhibited 
at  the  Mechanics  Fair  in  1837,  also  a  model  of  the  Dav- 
enport   patent   draw-spring   and    bumper,  patented   in 

1835.     Mr.  Daven- 
port also  patented  a 

swing  bolster  to  allow 

the  truck  of  his  long 
sixteen-wheel  cars  to 
move  sidewise  with- 
out swaying  the  body 
of  the  car.  Upon 
these  patents  some 
$90,000  was  paid  in 
royalties.  Their  cars 
were  the  first  that 
were  i)ro\ided  with  a 
Mj*  ladies'  saloon,  toilet- 

•4r]^  room  and  wide  turn- 

over backs  to  the 
seats.  His  succes- 
sive improvements 
brought  him  gold  and 
silver  medals  from 
the  Mechanics  Fair. 
The  firm  names  of 
Kimball  &  Daven- 
port, Davenport  & 
Bridges,  and  Charles 
Davenport  will  long 
be  remembered  b  y 
old-time  railroad 
men  and  tra\ellers. 
Mr.  Davenport  was 
the  first  large  car 
builder  in  the  United  .States,  and  for  twenty-two  years 
his  firm  led  the  business  in  the  country,  having  con- 
structed, between  1834  and  1856,  some  S3, 000,000  worth 
of  cars  for  more  than  fifty  different  roads,  from  Maine  to 
Alabama,  and  in  Cuba,  and  had  two  hundred  men  at 
work  on  cars.  In  1844  Major  Whistler  wanted  Mr.  Dav- 
enport to  go  to  Russia  and  take  a  contract  to  build  the 
railroad  cars  for  the  St.  Petersburg  &  Moscow  Railroad. 
This  flattering   offer   was   declined   on   account  of   an 


3o6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


excess  of  work  here,  and  for  family  reasons.  This  Rus- 
sian contract  afterwards  proved  very  profitable  to  those 
who  accepted  it.  Through  the  suggestion  of  the  late 
John  E.  Thayer,  Mr.  Davenport  took  from  the  Eastern 
Railroad  in  1837  $10,000  in  stock,  as  part  payment  for 
§200,000  worth  of  rolling-stock.  This  stock  advancing 
ten  or  twelve  per  cent,  he  took  $50,000  stock  of  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad  on  $250,000  contracts.  This  also 
went  up  fifteen  per  cent  above  par.  Had  it  sold  for  that 
amount  below  par,  Mr.  Davenport  said  it  would  have  been 
better  for  the  firm,  for  subsequently  eight  or  ten  other 
railroad  companies  induced  the  firm  to  take  twenty  to 
twenty-five  per  cent  in  stock  as  payments  on  large  con- 
tracts for  cars,  and  they  lost  more  than  $300,000  by  a 
fall  in  value  of  the  stock.  No  creditor,  however,  lost  by 
their  mistake.  In  1849  Mr.  Davenport  lost  all  his 
property,  but  not  his  credit,  so  he  went  ahead  again. 
Between  1850  and  1853  he  built  more  than  $800,000 
worth  of  cars,  agreeing  with  his  new  creditors  in  ad- 
vance to  take  the  same  kind  of  pay  from  him  that  he 
took  from  the  railroads.  He  thus  cleared  $100,000. 
Those  he  dealt  with  declining  to  continue  this  arrange- 
ment, he  sold  out  as  soon  as  he  could,  ])referring  to  live 
ujion  the  interest  of  what  he  already  possessed  rather 
than  to  take  any  risk  to  gain  more. 

But  the  building  of  railroad  cars  has  not  been  the  only 
achievement  of  Mr.  Davenport.  While  he  was  filling  a 
contract  for  Cuba,  he  visited  Havana,  and  saw  the  small 
embankment  on  the  bay  there,  where  the  people  sat 
under  the  palms,  enjoying  the  breezes  from  the  bay. 
His  mind  wandered  back  to  his  home  in  Cambridge,  and 
he  saw  the  opportunity  for  a  beautiful  water  park  upon 
the  Charles  River  Basin.  Returning,  he  bought  at 
different  times  three  quarters  of  the  marsh  land  in  Cam- 
bridge between  the  West  Boston  and  Brookline  bridges 
for  a  water  jiark.  In  1868  he  had  his  plans  for  the  great 
impro\ement  before  the  I,egislati\e  Commissioners, 
showing  how  the  park  would  be  if  his  idea  was  carried 
out,  on  both  sides  of  the  bay.  This  plan  was  practically 
adopted  by  the  park  commissioners  and  has  been  in  the 
Boston  City  Hall  for  twenty  years.  The  outcome  of  this 
is  the  beautiful  beginning  of  Charlesbank  now  finished 
on  the  Boston  side,  between  Leverett  and  Cambridge 
streets,  and  the  rapid  walling  and  filling  of  Mr.  Daven- 
])ort's  land  on  the  Cambridge  side,  which  he  sold  to  the 
Embankment  Company,  of  which  he  is  a  director. 

Mr.  Davenport  says  that  when  the  boulevards  on  both 
sides  of  the  bay  are  completed,  there  will  be  reserved  a 
))eautiful  inland  sea  of  about  five  hundred  acres,  with  a 


delightful  boulevard  two  hundred  feet  wide  and  more 
than  five  miles  long  around  the  bav,  containing  a  hun- 
dred and  ten  acres,  making,  with  the  adjoining  pleasure 
grounds,  eight  hundred  acres,  equal  in  area  to  New  York 
Central  Park.  This  will  allow  fine  facilities  for  boating 
and  other  pleasant  and  healthful  exercise  and  will  make 
this  bay  the  most  beautiful  water  park  in  the  world,  and 
a  cause  of  pride  to  all  citizens.  Instead  of  the  bad  odor 
from  the  unsightly  flats,  they  will  all  be  covered  from 
three  to  ten  feet  at  low  tide.  On  pleasant  days  and 
evenings,  this  wide  bay,  the  boulevards  on  both  shores, 
and  the  wide  bridge  across  the  bay,  —  they  being  so 
central  and  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the  metropolis, 
—  will  draw  many  people  in  boats,  carriages  and  on 
foot,  and  the  ])ark  will  equal  in  beauty  and  attraction 
any  place  of  resort  in  Europe  or  America.  The  ])eople 
will  wonder  why  the  embankment  was  not  made  years 
ago.  Dr.  H.  I.  Bowditch,  Dr.  ().  W.  Holmes  and  manv 
other  of  the  leading  physicians  have  testified  that  the 
benefits  to  health  which  the  citizens  will  receive  from 
an  embankment  on  this  bay  cannot  be  estimated  in 
dollars  and  cents. 

Mr.  Davenport  is  the  only  surviving  director  of  the 
Hancock  Free  Bridge  Corporation,  which  made  West 
Boston  bridge  free.  He  has  been  prominent  in  further- 
ing many  of  the  interests  of  Boston  and  its  environs, 
by  taking  hundreds  of  thousands  of  stock  in  the  New 
England  Railroad,  and  by  his  influence  in  the  building  of 
Harvard  bridge,  and  the  extension  of  Washington  Street 
to  Haymarket  Square.  He  confidently  predicts  that  a 
radius  of  ten  miles  from  the  State  House  will  within 
forty  years  inclose  a  population  of  some  2,000,000.  The 
Ijopulation  in  said  radius  has  doubled  every  twenty  years 
since  1830. 

Few  men  have  enjoyed  life  better  than  Mr.  1  )aven- 
|Jort.  He  gave  up  his  car  business  when  he  was  forty- 
five,  and  has  visited  Euroi)e  three  times,  and  travelled 
six  thousand  miles  in  visiting  all  the  large  cities  and 
important  and  interesting  places.  He  has  also  visited 
all  the  large  cities  this  side  of  the  Mississippi  River 
between  Halifax  and  New  Orleans ;  also  all  the  summer 
resorts  within  five  hundred  miles  of  Boston.  He  has 
four  sons,  two  daughters  and  fifteen  grandchildren. 
His  son,  son-in-law  and  grandson  graduated  at  Har- 
vard, and  four  grandsons  are  now  fitting  for  Harvard. 

The  longevity  of  Mr.  Davenport's  family  is  shown  in 
the  fact  that  his  grandparents  and  their  six  children 
lived  to  an  a\erage  of  eighty-one  years.  The  oldest 
was  ninety-three  and  the  youngest  seventy  years. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


lOJ 


AMONG  the  great  educational  advantages  that  have 
been  introduced  at  Harvard  University  during  the 
last  quarter  of  a  century  is  the  establishment  of  the  depart- 
ment of  music.     The  study  of  musical  theory,  composi- 
tion, history  and  Jesthetics  thus  found  an  equal  place 
among  the  other  humanities,  and  the  example  of  Harvard 
has  been  emulated  by  our  leading  universities.     We  owe 
this  step  mainly  to  the  zeal  and  ability  of  John  Knowles 
Paine,  who,  in  1872,  suggested  that    the  study  of   har- 
mony should  be  made 
elective    to   the   stu- 
dents.     From   this 
initiative    step    the 
higher  study  of  music 
was  gradually  devel- 
oped  at    Harvard 
until   it   was  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the 
regular    departments 
in    which    special 
honors    are   given. 
Mr.    Paine   was   ap  • 
pointed  professor  of 
music  in  1876.     He 
was  born  in  Portland, 
Me.,    Jan.    9,    1837. 
He   showed  musical 
talent   early    in    life, 
and  first  appeared  in 
]3  u  b  1  i  c  as  organist 
and  pianist  in  1856- 
57.     He  visited  Ger- 
many in  1858,  where 
he    studied   under 
Haupt    and    others. 
After  giving   several 
organ   concerts  in 
Be  r  1  i  n  he  returned 
home  in  1861.     The 
following  autumn  he 

gave  his  first  organ  concerts  in  Boston,  and  was  ac- 
knowledged as  the  first  representative  of  the  Bach 
school  of  organ  playing.  In  1862  he  was  called  to  Har- 
vard as  organist  and  instructor.  In  1867  he  had  the 
prestige  of  directing  his  Mass  in  D  at  the  celebrated 
Sing-akademie  of  Berlin.  In  June,  1873,  he  conducted 
the  first  performance  of  his  oratorio  of  "St.  Peter."  His 
first  great  success  was  the  performance  of  his  symphony 
in  C  minor,  given  by  Theodore  Thomas  in  the  Boston 


JOHN    K.    PAINE 


Music  Hall,  Jan.  6,  1876.  Many  of  his  orchestral  works 
have  since  been  made  familiar  to  the  .American  public 
by  Thomas  and  others.  He  composed  the  "Centennial 
Hymn  "  of  Whittier,  sung  with  great  enthusiasm  at  the 
opening  of  the  exhibition  in  Philadelphia  in  1876.  Per- 
haps the  climax  of  his  popular  achievement  was  the 
music  of  his  "  (Jidipus  Tyrannus  "  of  Sophocles,  as  pro- 
duced in  Sanders  Theatre,  Cambridge,  in  May,  1881. 
Mr.  John  Fiske,  in  Appleton's  Cyclopsdia,  says  of  it : 

"  The  most  complete 
resources  of  modern 
chorus  and  orchestra 
were  brought  to  bear 
on  the  task   of  ren- 
dering  the    peculiar 
and  subtle    religious 
sentiment  of   the 
Greek  tragic  drama. 
The  work  is   one  of 
wonderful  sublim- 
ity."    It  expressed 
the  tragic   pathos  of 
the    drama  more 
potently    than  any 
other  modern  exam- 
pi  e.     .Among   his 
other  compositions 
are    the    cantata 
"  P  hcebu  s  Arise  " 
(1882);     Keats' 
"Realm  of    Fancy" 
(1882);    Milton's 
"Nativity"  (Handel 
and  Haydn  Festival, 
1883)  ;     national 
^       cantata,  "  .A  Song  of 
Promise  "      (Cincin- 
nati Festival,  1888)  : 
"Spring"  symphony, 
symphonic  poem   to 
Shakespeare's  "Tempest,"  ".An    Island    Fantasy"  for 
orchestra,  overture   to  "  .\s    You   Like    It,"  and  songs, 
motets,  organ    preludes,   piano   pieces,    string   quartet, 
piano   trios,   violin    sonata,    etc.     His  last  work  is  the 
"  Columbus  March  and   Hymn,"  composed  by  official 
invitation  for  the  opening   ceremonies  of   the  World's 
Columbian  Exposition,  Chicago,  October,   1892.     Sev- 
eral of   his    orchestral    works  have  been  performed   in 
Paris,  ^'ienna,  Berlin,  and  other  foreign  cities. 


THE  city  of  Worcester  is  popularly  known  as  "Tire  Heart  of  the  Commonwealth,"  a  designation  to  which  its 
situation  in  the  State  entitles  it,  and  one  which  is  still  further  borne  out  by  the  arterial  ramifications  of  the 
railway  lines  which  diverge  from  it. 

The  city  presents  many  of  the  usual  features  of  a  New  England  municipality,  but  with  the  sturdy  conserva- 
tism of  the  native  New  Englander  it  still  preserves  numerous  characteristics  of  the  primitive  Yankee  village  from 
which  it  has  grown  to  its  present  size  and  importance.  Its  principal  street  is  still  called  Main  Street,  and  until 
very  recently  was  adorned  throughout  its  length  by  rows  of  stately  elms.  Fifteen  minutes'  walk,  or  a  brief  ride  in 
almost  any  direction,  brings  one  into  the  country,  for  included  within  the  thirty-six  sf|uare  miles  of  its  territory  are 
very  numerous  farms  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  and  contributing  annually  a  large  sum,  in  the  value  of  their 
products,  to  the  aggregate  productions  of  the  city. 

The  population  of  Worcester  in  1890  was  84,655,  and  various  local  statistics  show  that  it  must  be  now,  in 
1892,  over  92,000.  It  is  the  second  city  in  the  Commonwealth,  and  the  third  in  New  England.  This  population 
includes  members  of  almost  every  civilized  race.  The  varied  character  of  Worcester's  industries  has  made  it  the 
attraction  for  all  kinds  and  conditions  of  men,  and  it  speaks  well  for  the  adaptive  character  of  these  immigrants 
that  they  have  been  wrought  into  the  homogeneous,  law-abiding  population  which  the  city  possesses. 

The  secret  is  to  be  found  in  industry,  and  one  element,  and  an  important  one,  in  the  success  of  Worcester's 
industries  is  their  variety.  Unlike  many  New  England  manufacturing  cities,  Worcester  is  dependent  on  no  one 
occupation.  It  produces  everything  from  a  paper  doll  to  a  power  loom.  With  the  exception  of  paper,  there  is 
not  a  staple  product  of  manufacture  in  New  England  that  has  not  its  representative  in  this  thriving  city.  The 
result  is  greater  financial  security  for  both  manufacturer  and  workman,  a  greater  number  of  homes  owned  by  the 
laborer,  larger  deposits  in  the  savings  banks,  and,  finally,  a  freedom  from  labor  troubles  of  a  serious  character  with 
ensuing  losses  on  all  sides.  The  largest  single  industry  is  wire  making,  in  which  over  four  thousand  men  are 
employed  by  the  Washburn  &  Moen  Manufacturing  Company.  Then  follow  in  importance  the  Crompton  and  the 
Knowles  Loom  Works,  fifteen  factories  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes,  a  greater  number  of  woollen  mills, 
two  large  carpet  mills,  and  then  the  hundreds  of  machine  shops  turning  out  daily  every  variety  of  machine  which 
ingenuity  can  invent,  or  a  want  demand.  More  patents  are  annually  issued  to  residents  of  Worcester  County  than 
to  inhabitants  of  any  other  county  in  the  Union. 

Most  of  these  industries  have  grown  from  small  beginnings.  .-X  feature  of  the  city  industrially  has  always 
been  its  supply  of  rooms  with  jiower,  for  rent  on  easy  terms.  Many  a  prosperous  concern  dates  its  success  from 
the  start  in  a  small  way,  made  with  a  few  feet  of  floor  surface  and  power  supplied  by  the  landlord. 

Then  Worcester  is  a  railroad  centre.  It  is  reached  by  rail  direct  from  Boston,  Providence,  Norwich, 
Nashua  and  Springfield,  and  has  good  train  service  in  every  direction,  over  seventy  trains  running  out  of  the  city 
daily.  Its  street  railways  have  recently  been  extended  to  the  suburbs  north,  south  and  east,  and  the  \vork  of 
substituting  electricity  for  horse  power  is  now  going  on.  It  has  a  magnificent  system  of  water  supply,  equal  to  all 
demands  for  many  years  to  come.  Water  is  used  very  freely  in  manufacturing,  and  its  use  is  encouraged  by  the 
low  rate  of  fifteen  cents  per  one  thousand  gallons. 

Worcester  has  eight  national  banks,  with  a  combined  caiiital  of  §2,450,000.  Its  savings  banks  have  deposits 
amounting  to  $26,642,000. 

The  city  is  favored  in  its  educational  institutions.  It  has  an  excellent  system  of  public  schools,  a  State 
Normal  School,  and  Worcester  Academy,  in  the  elementary  grades,  while  in  the  collegiate  rank  are  the  Worcester 
Polytechnic  Institute  and  the  College  of  the  Holy  Cross,  with  Clark  University,  which  because  of  its  unique 
character  is  a  class  by  itself.     The  libraries  of  the  city  comprise  over  300,000  volumes. 

'i'he  ])ul)lic  parks  comjjrise  over  three  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  and  Lake  Quinsigamond,  only  two  miles 
away,  furnishes  a  beautiful  water  park. 


WORCESTER. 


309 


^^ 


FRANCIS  A.  HARRINGTON  was  born  in  Worcester, 
Nov.  17,  1846.     His  ancestors  were  of  sturdy  old 
New  England  stock  —  farmers,  nearly  all  of  tiiem,  and 
Francis  began  life  in  this  same  ancient  and  honorable 
profession.     One  of  his  ancestors,  his  maternal  grand- 
father, was  one  of  that  determined  band  who   showed 
King  George  III.  that  tea  and  salt  water  would  mix  by 
dumping  into  Boston  harbor  the  shiploads  a  confiding 
British  ministry  had  dispatched   to  the  colonial   town. 
The  father   of   the 
subject  of  this  sketch 
was  Daniel  Harring- 
ton,   farmer,    militia 
captain,      common 
councilman    and    al- 
derman.      Francis 
worked  on  the  pater- 
nal   farm,   and    at- 
tended  the  public 
schools  of  Worcester, 
supplementing  them 
with  a  course  in  the 
Worcester    Academy 
and    at    a    business 
college.      When    he 
was  twenty-five  years 
of    age    he    entered 
the   livery   stable 
business,  and    in 
company    with    his 
brother  still    contin- 
ues in  it,  having  now 
one    of    the    largest 
stables    in    the    city. 
Mr.  Harrington  is  a 
man  of   great   mod- 
esty, seeking  only  to 
do  his  best  in  what- 
ever   he  undertakes, 
and  avoiding  all  pub- 
licity.    What  he  has  made  of  himself  has  been  done  by 
hard  work  and  persistent  attention  to  the  task  in  hand. 
He  is  a  church  member  and  a  firm  believer  in  the  prin- 
ciples of  temperance.     Mr.  Harrington's  public  career 
began  in  1886,  when  he  was  selected  as  the  representa- 
tive of  Ward  Three   in   the  Board  of  Aldermen.     He 
continued  in  the  board  for  three  years,  the  latter  portion 
of  the  time  as  president.     He  served  on  the  committees 
on  Claims,  Sewers,  Military,  Charities  and  Sewer  Assess- 


/ 


FRANCIS    A.    HARRINGTON 


ments.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Sewer  Committee  when 
the  purification  works  at  Lake  Quinsigamond  were  erected, 
and  has  followed  closely  the  course  of  the  experiments 
and  large  expenditures  in  this  department  ever  since. 
In  December,  1889,  he  was  elected  mayor,  to  succeed 
Hon.  Samuel  Winslow.  He  has  since  been  twice  re- 
elected. During  his  three  years  of  incumbency  of  the 
office,  some  great  improvements,  involving  great  ex- 
penditures of  money,  have  been  made.     Chief  among 

them  are  the   purifi- 
cation  works,  on 
which    nearly    two 
h  u  n  d  r  e  d   thousand 
dollars    have  been 
expended ;    the  rais- 
ing  of    the    Holden 
dam,  at  a  cost  of  one 
hundred   thousand 
dollars,  and  the  con- 
struction of  the  new 
English  High  School, 
at  a   cost   of   nearly 
one    hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  dollars. 
He  gave  to  the  affairs 
of  the  city  the  same 
faithful  attention  that 
had   won   success  in 
his  private  business, 
and  his  sound  com- 
mon-sense and  com- 
mercial sagacity  and 
experience  proved  of 
the  greatest  value  to 
the  city  in  the  large 
expenditures   _which 
were   necessary  dur- 
ing the  years  he  was 
in  the  public  service. 
His    administrations 
of  the  office  were  singularly  able  and  free  from  all  re- 
proach.    He  was  enabled  to  accomplish  not  a  Httle  in 
placing  Worcester  among  the  most  progressive  munici- 
palities of  New  England.     The  mayor  is  prominent  in 
Masonic  circles,  and  has  held  high  offices  in  the  order, 
as  also  in  the  Odd  Fellows.     He  has  been  master  of  the 
Worcester   Grange,  and    is   deservedly  popular   in    the 
order,  as  well  as  in  the  social,  business  and  political  life 
of  the  city. 


3IO 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HENRY    ALEXANDER    MARSH,   mayor  of  Wor- 
cester, was  born  in  Southborough,  Mass.,  Sept.  7, 
1836,  the   son  of  Alexander  and  Maria  (Fay)   Marsh. 
The  family  moved  to  Worcester  in  1849,  and  Mr.  Marsh 
attended  the  public  schools  of  Worcester  during  the  three 
following  years.     In   1852  he  entered  the  high  school, 
which  he  soon  left  to  continue  his  studies  with  the  Rev. 
Edward  Everett  Hale,  then  pastor  of  the  Church  of  the 
Unity  in  Worcester.     In  June,  1853,  Mr.  Marsh  entered 
the    employ    of    the 
Central    Bank   as 
clerk.     He  has  since 
passed    through    all 
the   grades  in  bank- 
ing   service,    and    is 
now  president  of  the 
bank,  a   position   to 
which  he  was  elected 
Jan.    12,   1892.     Mr. 
Marsh's    public    ser- 
vice liegan  in  1867, 
when   he    became   a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mon Council,  and 
served   two    years. 
He   was   elected   an 
alderman   in    1878, 
and    served    four 
years,    the    last    one 
as   president   of   the 
board.     Though  fre- 
(juently    solicited   to 
take  public  office  in 
other  capacities  than 
those  named  above, 
he    always    declined 
until,    in     1892,   the 
very  general  demand 
of   the    citizens  per- 
suaded him  to  accept 

a  nomination  as  mayor.  He  was  elected  in  December, 
receiving  the  largest  vote  ever  cast  for  a  mayoralty  can- 
didate in  the  history  of  the  city.  Mr.  Marsh's  business 
reputation  and  high  character  have  led  to  his  selection 
on  numerous  occasions  for  positions  of  trust.  He  has 
undoubtedly  held  more  offices  of  a  fiduciary  nature  than 
any  other  citizen  of  Worcester.  In  1856  he  was  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  the  Worcester  Lyceum  and  Library 
Association.     From  1869  to  1875   he  was  a  director  of 


HENRY    A.    MARSH 


the  Free  Public  Library.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
People's  Savings  Bank  since  1869,  and  vice-president  of 
the  board  since  1892.  He  was  a  commissioner  of  the 
sinking  funds  of  the  city  in  1875  and  1876,  and  has 
served  continuously  in  this  capacity  since  1882.  Still 
other  offices  of  trust  are  —  trustee  of  the  City  Hosjiital  in 
1879  and  since  1889,  auditor  of  the  State  Mutual  Life 
Assurance  Company  from  1880  to  1885,  trustee  of  the 
Rural  Cemetery  Corporation  in   1882,  chairman  of  the 

Worcester     Clearing 
House  Association 
since  1884,  commis- 
sioner of  City  Hospi- 
tal funds  since  1888, 
member  of  the  com- 
mittee to  examine  the 
accounts  of  the  treas- 
urer of  Harvard  Col- 
lege,  1875    to   1877, 
director  of  the  Asso- 
ciated   Charities 
since    1890.     Mr. 
Marsh  has  very  fre- 
quently    been    se- 
lected as  executor  of 
estates.     In  this  ca- 
pacity he  settled  the 
large    estates    of 
George   Jaques,   Lu- 
cius  J.    Knowles, 
Helen    C.     Knowles 
and  William  A.  Den- 
holm.     He  has   also 
been   treasurer  of 
public    relief     funds 
on    many  occasions, 
notably  for  the  Irish, 
Michigan  forest  fire, 
Charleston     earth- 
quake,    yellow    fever 
and  Conemaugh  Valley  funds.    Mr.  Marsh  married,  Sept. 
7,  1864,  Emily  W.,  daughter  of  John  C.  and  .Sarah  Miles 
Mason.      Three  children  have  been   born  to  them,  of 
whom  two  daughters  survive.     Mr.  Marsh  is  a  member 
of  the  Worcester  Club,  the  Quinsigamond  Boat  Club, 
and  of  the  St.  Wulstan  Society,  and  is  treasurer  of  the 
last-named   organization.     Few   citizens   of    Worcester 
have  been  called  to  so  many  different  positions  of  trust 
as  Mr.  Marsh,  or  ha\e  filled  them  so  satisfactorily. 


WORCESTER. 


311 


STEPHEN  SALISBURY,  third  of  the  name,  was  born 
in  Worcester,  March  31,  1835,  the  son  of  the  sec- 
ond Stephen  Salisbury  and  of  Rebekah  Scott  (Dean) 
Salisbury.  He  left  the  Worcester  High  School  in  1852, 
and  entered  Harvard  College,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  the  class  of  1856.  Going  to  Europe  immedi- 
ately after  graduation,  he  was  matriculated  at  Frederick 
William  University  in  Berlin,  and  remained  in  Europe 
more  than  two  years,  dividing  his  time  between  the 
Berlin  University,  the 
Ecole  de  Droit  in 
Paris  and  travel,  vis- 
iting different  por- 
tions of  England, 
Scotland,  Ireland, 
and  the  Continent, 
and  also  the  less 
known  countries  of 
Greece  and  Turkey. 
Mr.  Salisbury  re- 
turned to  Worcester 
in  1858  and  studied 
law.  He  received 
the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
at  Harvard  in  1861, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  Worcester  bar. 
In  the  winter  of  1861 
Mr.  Salisbury  visited 
Yucatan,  and  passed 
six  months  studying 
the  interesting  In- 
dian remains  of  that 
country.  The  results 
of  this  and  subse- 
quent visits  and  in- 
vestigations are  em- 
bodied in  several 
interesting  contribu- 
tions to  the  transac- 
tions of  the  American  Anti(iuarian  Society.  Mr.  Salis- 
bury has  been  generous  to  his  native  city.  The  Dean 
and  Salisbury  buildings,  the  first  ajjartment  houses  in 
Worcester  constructed  on  the  most  modern  plan,  and 
numerous  buildings  for  manufactories  and  for  homes, 
have  been  erected  by  him.  He  has  given  to  the  city  a 
ward  at  the  City  Hospital  and  the  beautiful  Institute 
Park,  a  pleasure  ground  of  eighteen  acres  on  the  borders 
of  Salisbury  Pond.     The  land  was  graded  and  laid  out, 


STEPHEN    SALISBURY. 


and  the  \arious  buildings  thereon  were  erected  at  Mr. 
Salisbury's  expense  and  under  his  personal  supervision 
and  direction.  The  Salisbury  Laboratories  at  the  Poly- 
technic Institute  are  another  of  his  gifts.  Mr.  Salisbury 
was  elected  to  the  Common  Council  in  1863,  1865 
and  1866.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  president  of  the 
board.  In  1892  he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts 
Senate  from  the  Worcester  city  district.  He  became  a 
director  of  the  Worcester  National  Bank  in  1865,  and 

its  president  on  the 
death  of  his  father, 
in  1884.  He  has 
been  president  of  the 
Worcester  County 
Institution  for  Sav- 
ings since  1882.  He 
has  been  a  director 
of  the  State  Mutual 
Life  Assurance  Com- 
pany since  1863,  and 
was  a  director  of  the 
Worcester,  Nashua 
&  Rochester  and  of 
the  Boston,  Barre  & 
Gardner  railroads 
until  their  absorption 
by  the  Boston  & 
Maine  and  the  Fitch- 
burg  roads.  He  was 
a  trustee  of  the  City 
Hospital  from  its 
incorporation  in  187  i 
until  1889  and  its 
secretary  for  seven- 
teen years,  and  he  is 
also  a  trustee  of  tlie 
Washburn  "Memorial 
Hospital,  and  held 
the  position  of  sec- 
retary for  ten  years. 
He  was  elected  trustee  of  the  'Worcester  Polytechnic 
Institute  in  1884,  of  Clark  University  in  1887,  and 
treasurer  since  1891,  and  of  the  Peabody  Museum  of 
Archsologv  in  1887.  Mr.  Salisbury  is  a  member  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  of  which  he  has  been 
president  since  1887  ;  American  Geographical  Society, 
Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  New  England  Historic 
Genealogical  Society,  Conservatorio  Yucateco,  and  of  the 
Socie'dad  Mexicana  de  Geografia  y  Estadistica. 


312 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


SAMUEI-  SWETT  GREEN  was  born  in  Worcester, 
Feb.  20,  1837.     His  father  was  James  Green,  son 
of  the  second  Dr.  John  Green,  of  Worcester,  and  his 
mother  is   Elizabeth    (Svvett)    Green.     Mr.  Green  was 
raduated  from  the  Worcester  High  School  in  1854,  and 
from  Harvard  College  in  1858.     He  was  graduated  from 
the    Har\ard   Divinity  School    in   1864,  and   took    the 
degree  of  master  of  arts  at   Harvard  in  1870.      After 
ser\ing  several  years  as  book-keeper  in  the  Mechanics' 
National    Bank,  and 
as  teller  in  the  Wor- 
cester National  Bank, 
he  became,  in  1867, 
a    director,    and    in 
1871,  1  ibrarian,  of 
the  Free   Public  Li- 
brary of    W^orcester. 
The    latter    position 
he  still  holds.     The 
library  has  grown  rap- 
idly in  size  and  use- 
fulness  under  his 
care,  and  a  remark- 
able feature  respect- 
ing its  use  is  the  very 
large    proportion    of 
books    that    is    em- 
ployed for  study  and 
purposes    of   refer- 
ence.    Mr.  Green  is 
one    of    the    distin- 
guished librarians  of 
the    country,  and    is 
an   authority   in    re- 
spect  to  the  use  of 
libraries    as    popular 
educational     institu- 
tions, and  in  respect 
to  the  establishment 
of  close  relations  be- 
tween libraries  and  schools.     Mr.  Green  has  held  vari- 
ous ofifices  in  the  American  Library  Association.    Elected 
president  of  the  association  in  189 1,  he  presided  at  the 
meetings  held   in  San   Francisco,   Oct.   12-16   of   that 
year.     In  May,  1892,  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  original 
ten  members  of    the   new   council  of   the  association. 
He  was  a  delegate  of  the  association  to  the  International 
Congress  of  Librarians,  held  in  London  in   1877,  was  a 
member  of  the  council  of  that  body,  and  took  an  active 


SAMUEL   S.    GREEN 


part  in  the  discussions  of  the  meetings.     He  was  chosen 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Library  Association  of  Great 
Britain   in    187S.      In  October,    1890,   Mr.    Green   was 
appointed  by  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  an  original 
member  of   the    State    Board  of   Free    Public    Library 
Commissioners.     He  is  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Library  Club,  and  gave  courses  of  lectures  in 
the  School  of  Library  Economy  when  it  was  connected 
with  Columbia  College,  New  York  City,     He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Advisory 
Council    of    the 
World's     Congress 
Auxiliary   of    the 
World's     Columbian 
Exposition  on  a  Con- 
gress  of    Librarians. 
Mr.  Green  is  a  Fel- 
low    of     the    Royal 
Historical  Society,  a 
member  of  the  coun- 
cil of  the  American 
Antiquarian  Society, 
a    member    of     the 
American   Historical 
Association,    of    the 
New    England    His- 
toric   Genealogical 
Society,    of    the   Art 
Commission    of    the 
St.    Wulstan    Society 
and  of   the    Sons  of 
the  Revolution.     He 
is  a  trustee  of  Leices- 
t  e  r   Academy,  and 
was    recently    presi- 
dent of  the  Worces- 
ter Art  Society.     Mr. 
Green     has     written 
constantly     for     the 
"  Library     Journal  " 
since  its  establishment,  and  has  made  many  contribu- 
tions to  the  proceedings  of  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society.     He  has  also  contributed  to  other  periodicals 
in  the  United  States  and  England.     He  has  written  two 
books   and    several   pamphlets  on    questions  in  library 
economy,    and  has   prepared   monographs    which  have 
been  published  by  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education   and    the 
American  Social  Science  Association. 


WORCESTER. 


313 


JOHN    STANTON    BALDWIN    is   at   the    head   of 
one  of  the  oldest  institutions    in  the  country,  — 
the  Worcester  ^r,  one  of  the  very  few  American  news- 
papers  which  antedate  the   Revolution,  and  have  had 
a  consecutive  history  since  that  time.     The  first  num- 
ber of  the  Spy  was  printed  experimentally  in  Boston  in 
July,  1770,  at  the  office  of  the  veteran  printer  Zechariah 
Fowle,  with  whom  Isaiah  Thomas  had  that  year  entered 
into  partnership.    The  next  year  the  paper  passed  entirely 
into    Mr.  Thomas's 
hands.     In  1775  the 
atmosphere  of  Boston 
grew   too   hot   for  a 
journal  of  the  revolu- 
tionary character   of 
the  Spy,  and  the  press 
(still  preser\ed  at  the 
hall  of  the  American 
Antiquarian     Society 
at    Worcester)    and 
types  were  smuggled 
across  Charles  River, 
and  thence,  the  day 
after  the  Battle  of  Lex- 
ington, to  Worcester, 
where  the  paper  has 
since  been  regularly 
published.     A    com- 
plete file  covering  one 
hundred  and  twenty- 
two  years  may  be  seen 
at    the     Antiquarian 
Hall.    After  the  death 
of    Isaiah    Thomas 
the    paper    was    for 
thirty- five     years 
edited  by  John  Mil- 
ton   Earle,    who  be- 
gan  the    daily    issue 
in   1845.     Mr.   Earle 

was  a  pioneer  and  leader  in  the  free-soil  movement. 
He  was  succeeded  by  John  D.  Baldwin,  who  with  his 
sons,  John  S.  and  Charles  C,  assumed  control  of  the 
paper  in  1859.  Mr.  Baldwin  was  also  an  anti-slavery 
pioneer.  He  was  a  member  of  Congress  and  an 
author  of  note,  two  of  his  volumes,  "  Pre-Historic 
Nations"  and  "Ancient  America,"  having  taken  their 
place  as  standard  works.  He  died  in  1883.  John  S. 
Baldwin,  the  present  editor  and  chief  owner  of  the  Spy, 


JOHN    S.    BALDWIN. 


was  born  in  New  Haven,  Conn.,  Jan.  6,  1834.  He  was 
educated  in  the  Connecticut  schools,  learning  the 
printer's  trade  while  he  was  passing  through  the  several 
grades,  and  fitting  for  Yale  College  at  the  Hartford  High 
School.  At  this  time  all  his  hours  not  spent  in  school, 
from  break  of  day  till  evening,  were  given  to  the  print- 
ing-office. Disappointed  in  his  desire  to  enter  college, 
for  he  was  a  poor  boy  and  could  not  afford  it,  he  pre- 
pared himself  for  the  work  of  teaching,  graduating  with 

high    honors   at    the 
State  Normal  School. 
On  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  principal, 
D.  N.    Camp,    after- 
wards   Connecticut's 
commissioner  of  ed- 
ucation, he  was   ap- 
pointed  principal  of 
a    large    school    but 
declined     the    offer, 
for   he    was    called 
to    Boston   to    take 
charge  of   the   busi- 
ness    of    the    Dai/y 
CiViimomoca/tJi,      o  f 
which  his  father  was 
the    editor.     During 
the  excitingi  years 
which     followed    he 
was  m  close  contact 
with    some     of     the 
most  famous  men  of 
Massachusetts,  w  ho 
made    that     office 
their      headquarters. 
Among    them  •  were 
Charles      Sumner, 
Henry    Wilson^    Dr. 
Samuel   G.    Howe, 
Theodore     Parker, 
Richard   H.  Dana,  John  A.  Andrew,  Anson  Burlingame, 
Richard    Hildreth,    W.    S.    Robinson,    William    Claflin, 
Robert  Carter,  and  many  others  of  note.     Mr.   Bald- 
win's life  in  Worcester  has  been  devoted  to  his  paper. 
He  has  never  sought  public  office,  though  he  has  served 
in  the  City  Council,  the  School  Board  and  the  Legisla- 
ture.    He  was  an  officer  in  the  LTnion  Army,  going  out 
in  command  of  a  company  in  the  Fifty-first  Regiment, 
which  he  raised  at  the  request  of  Governor  Andrew. 


314 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD   AUGUSTUS   GOODNOW    was   born  in 
Princeton,  Mass.,    July  i6,    1810.     His   i)arents, 
Edward    and   Rebecca    (Beaman)    Goodnow,   kept   the 
tavern  in  Princeton,  and  Mr.  Goodnow's  early  training 
was  in  the  labors  of  the  tavern  and  the  farm  attached  to 
it,  with  the  limited  educational  facilities  of  the  district 
school,  eked  out  by  three  terms  at  Hadley  Academy. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered  the  employ  of  his 
brother   in   the   village    store,    .and    later    entered    into 
partnership  with  him 
in    the    enterprise. 
He  afterward  entered 
upon    the  manufac- 
ture   of    shoes    in 
Princeton,  but  in 
1847    sold    out    his 
business  and  left  the 
village   for    wider 
fields.     After  one  or 
two  ventures  without 
marked   success,  one 
in  a  cutlery  establish- 
ment   in    Shelburne 
P\ills  and  another  in 
manufacturing    in 
New  York,  he  came 
to     Worcester    and 
bought  a  small  retail 
shoe  store.     In  four 
years  he  disposed  of 
the  retail  department 
and     devoted    his 
attention    to   the 
broader   and   more 
lucrative    field    of    a 
jobbing    house,    the 
first  exclusively  job- 
bing  house    ever 
started  in  Worcester. 
In  ten  years  he  was 

doing  a  business  of  $400,000.  When  the  war  broke  out 
he  joined  heartily  in  the  movement  to  save  the  Union, 
giving  liberally  to  various  causes  to  helji  the  Govern- 
ment. He  invested  largely  in  government  bonds,  and 
when  the  national  banking  law  was  passed  anticipated 
the  local  State  banks  in  acceptance  of  the  situation,  by 
organizing  a  new  banking  institution  which  secured  the 
name  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Worcester.  He 
gave  up  his  business  at  the  close  of  the  war  and  de\oted 


EDWARD    A.    GOODNOW 


his  attention  to  the  bank,  of  which  he  became  jiresi- 
dent,  an  office  which  he  still  holds.  Mr.  Goodnow 
encouraged  the  clerks  in  his  employ  to  enlist  for  the 
war,  and  thirteen  of  his  employees  enlisted  at  different 
times.  When  the  movement  for  arming  colored  troops 
was  started  he  headed  a  subscription  with  $500  to  aid 
in  the  equipment  of  the  first  regiment.  Mr.  Goodnow 
has  been  a  liberal  giver  of  his  wealth.  He  gave  to  Iowa 
College,  $15,500;  to  the  Huguenot  Seminary  in  South 

Africa,    $15,000;    to 
Washburn      College, 
Kansas,    $5,000  ;    to 
the  Young  Women's 
Christian       ."^ssocia- 
tion    of     Worcester, 
$26,000,   of    wh  i  c  h 
$9,000   was  devoted 
to  finishing  and  fur- 
nishing a  hall  in  the 
building    called    the 
Memorial     Hall,    in 
memory  of  his  wife. 
Her  portrait  was 
solicited  for  the  hall. 
He   has   also   estab- 
lished scholarships  in 
Mt.  Holyoke  College, 
Northfield  Seminary, 
W'ellesley  College, 
Iowa  College,  Huge- 
not  Seminary,  South 
Africa,  and  Hampton 
Institute,  Virginia. 
Over   fifty   girls    are 
receiving  aid  in  these 
\arious      institutions 
from  funds  furnished 
by    M  r .    Goodnow. 
He   gave  to  his   na- 
tive town  $40,000,  of 
which  $3,000   was  toward  the  erection  of  a  new  town 
hall,  and  the  rest  for  the  building  and  endowment  of  a 
free   jiublic   library  and   reading-room  and  a   grammar 
school.     Mr.  Goodnow  has  been  married  three  times. 
His  first  wife  was  Harriet,  daughter  of  Dr.  Henry  Bagg, 
of  Princeton,  and  at  her  decease  he  married  her  sister 
Mary.     After  the  death  of  the  latter  he  married  Cather- 
ine Bowman  Caldwell,  eldest  daughter  of  Seth  Caldwell, 
of  Barre. 


WORCESTER. 


315 


SAMUEL   WINSLOVV,   son   of   Eleazer   R.  and  Ann 
Corbett   Winslow,    was   born    in    Newton,    Mass., 
Feb.  28,  1827.     He  received  a  common-school  educa- 
tion in  the  schools  of  that  town,  after  which  he  went  to 
work  for  a  local  establishment  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  cotton  machinery.    He  displayed  great  ingenuity 
and  mechanical  skill,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  was  fore- 
man of  the  machine  shop   in  which  he  had  learned  his 
trade.     He  moved  to  Worcester  in  1855,  and  in  com- 
pany with  his  brother, 
Seth    C.    Winslow, 
started  a  m  a  c  h  i  n  e 
shop.     Two  years 
later  they  began  the 
m  a  n  u  f  a  c  t  u  r  e     of 
skates.     They  re- 
mained in  company 
until    the    death    of 
Seth    C,    in     187 1, 
after   which    Samuel 
Winslow   carried   on 
alone  a  constantly  in- 
cr easing   business 
until   1886,  when  he 
was     succeeded     by 
The  Samuel  Winslow 
Skate    Company,    of 
which    Mr.   Winslow 
became    president 
and  treasurer,    posi- 
tions  which  he   still 
holds.      This  corpo- 
ration   is    the    most 
extensive     manufac- 
toiy  of  ice  and  roller 
skates  in  the  world,' 
and  will  probably 
stand  for  all  time  as 
a  monument  to    the 
perseverance      and 

industry  of  its  present  president  and  treasurer.  Before 
Mr.  Winslow  came  to  Worcester,  he  served  as  a  member 
of  the  prudential  committee  of  the  school  committee 
of  Newton  Upper  Falls,  Mass.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Worcester  Common  Council  in  1864  and  1865,  and 
afterward  represented  the  Tenth  Worcester  District  in 
the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  the  years  1873  and 
1874.  In  1884  he  was  elected  alderman  to  fill  an  unex- 
pired term  of  one  year,  and  in  December,   1885,  was 


SAMUEL   WINSLOW 


elected  mayor  of  the  city,  a  position  which  he  held  for 
a  term  of  four  successive  years.  Mr.  \V'inslow  was  a 
trustee  of  the  Worcester  County  Mechanics'  Association 
in  1868.  He  was  vice-president  in  1884  and  1885,  and 
president  in  1886.  In  December,  1888,  Mr.  Winslow 
became  a  director  of  the  Citizens'  National  Bank,  and 
in  1889  was  made  president  of  the  board,  an  office 
which  he  still  holds.  In  the  same  year  he  became  a 
trustee  of    the   People's   Savings    Bank.      He    took  an 

active    part    in    the 
introduction  of  elec- 
tric lighting  into  the 
city     of    Worcester, 
and  was  one  of  the 
original      stockhold- 
ers of  the  Worcester 
Electric  Light  Com- 
pany, with  which  he 
was  continually  con- 
nected as  a  director 
until     early     in     the 
year  1892.     He  was 
the    promulgator    of 
the     \Vorcester, 
Leicester  &  Spencer 
Electric  Street  Rail- 
way, which,  with  its 
thirteen  and  one-half 
miles  of    track,  has, 
until    recently,     en- 
joyed the  distinction 
of  being  the  longest 
continuous    elec- 
tric railway  operated 
from  one  power  sta- 
tion   in    the    world. 
Mr.  Winslow  was  ac- 
tive in  the   incorpo- 
ration  of    the   com- 
pany,  and    on   its 
organization  became  its  president,  an  office  which  he 
still  holds.     He  was  also  among   the  promoters  of  the 
organization  of  the  Worcester  &  Millbury  Electric  Rail- 
way, which  is  now  in  operation,  and  of  which  he  is  pres- 
ident.    He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican 
Convention    in    1892.      Mr.   Winslow   was    married    in 
Newton,  in  1848,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  David  and  Lydia 
Robbins.    They  have  two  sons,  Frank  Ellery  and  Samuel 
Ellsworth  Winslow. 


3i6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES  B.  PRATl'  was  born  in  Lancaster,  Mass., 
Feb.  14,  1824.  His  early  years  were  passed  in 
a  hard  struggle  for  a  li\elihood,  for  the  poverty  of  his 
parents  compelled  him  to  seek  work  at  the  early  age  of 
nine  years.  He  worked  in  a  cotton  mill  in  Fitchburg 
for  three  years,  and  then  wandered  to  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
where  he  became  apprentice  to  a  moulder.  He  secured 
a  release  from  his  apprenticeship  after  a  year  to  enter, 
at  fourteen  years,  the  dangerous  employment  of  sub- 
marine diving.  At 
twenty  he  had  thor- 
oughly learned  the 
business  and  had 
saved  a  large  portion 
of  his  wages.  He 
then  came  to  Wor- 
cester and  finished 
his  time  as  a  moulder 
in  the  old  Wheeler 
foundry.  Seven  years 
later  Mr.  Pratt  went 
into  the  submarine 
business  on  his  own 
account,  and  pursued 
it  with  success  for 
twenty  years,  under- 
taking in  that  time  a 
number  of  important 
and  hazardous  opera- 
tions on  the  coast 
and  among  the  (ireat 
Lakes.  He  retired 
in  I  8  7  I  to  devote 
himself  to  his  private 
interests  in  Worces- 
ter, where  he  had  in- 
vested the  profits  of 
his  busine  s  s,  and 
where  in  the  inter- 
vals of  his  sub- 
marine work  he  had  been  city  marshal  in  1863,  1864 
and  1865.  His  business  talents  quickly  found  occupa- 
tion. He  had  invested  in  the  First  National  Bank  on 
its  organization,  and  has  been  one  of  its  directors  from 
the  beginning.  He  became  president  of  the  First 
National  Fire  Insurance  Company  in  1872,  and  was  for 
years  its  sole  manager.  He  was  the  first  president  of 
the  Worcester  Protective  Department,  and  continues  to 
hold  the  position.     He  is  also  a  trustee  of  the  Worcester 


CHARLES    B.    PRATT 


County  Institution  for  Savings.  Mr.  Pratt  was  president 
of  the  Worcester  .Xgricultural  Society  for  sixteen  years, 
and  was  active  in  bringing  about  the  combined  exhibi- 
tions of  the  New  England  and  the  Worcester  societies. 
He  pushed  the  project  of  horse-car  lines  to  the  fair 
grounds,  and  organized  the  Citizens'  Street  Railway 
Company  in  1886.  The  following  year  a  combination 
was  effected  with  the  old  company,  and  Mr.  Pratt 
has  since  been  president  of  the  consolidated  company. 

He  was   an    original 
director  in  the  Wor- 
cester  Theatre  Cor- 
poration, and  also  in 
the  Bay  State  House 
Corporation.        M  r . 
Pratt    has   attained 
the     thirty -se  c  ond 
degree    in    Masonry. 
He  is  a  member  of 
Worcester    County 
C  o  m  m  a  n  d  e  r  y  of 
Knights    Templar, 
and    is  also  a  mem- 
ber of   various   Odd 
Fellow  and    Pythian 
organizations.      Mr. 
Pratt    has   served   in 
both  branches  of  the 
City  Council  and  in 
both  branches  of  the 
Legislature.    He  was 
elected    mayor    in 
1876,    and    was    re- 
elected in   1877  and 
1878.      During    his 
occupancy    of    the 
office  of  mayor  were 
effected    the    settle- 
ment  of   the   claims 
for   the    bursting   of 
the   Lynde  Brook  dam,  the  construction  of  the  Foster 
Street  extension  and  of  the   "Big  Sewer"  to  Quinsiga- 
mond,  the  three  operations  involving  the   expenditure 
of  half  a  million  dollars.     The  city  debt,  however,  was 
increased  but  §5  0,000,  and  the  tax  rate  kept  below  $15. 
Mr.  Pratt  was  State  senator  in  1883.     He  continues  to 
serve  the  city  as  an  overseer  of  the  poor  and  as  com- 
missioner   of   the  Jaques    (City  Hospital)   Fund.     Mr. 
Pratt  married,  in  1844,  Lucy  Ann  Brewer. 


WORCESTER. 


317 


HH.  BIGELOW  was  born  in  Marlboro,  Mass., 
,  June  2,  1827,  the  fifth  son  of  Levi  and  Nancy 
Ames  Bigelow.  Mr.  Bigelow  received  a  common-school 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  Marlboro,  but  at  the 
age  of  fifteen  applied  himself  to  learning  the  shoe- 
maker's trade.  He  had  always  shown  a  taste  for  me- 
chanics, and  at  an  early  age  displayed  inventive  talent. 
He  devised  an  arrangement  for  making  meat  skewers 
when  but  a  boy,  such  articles  having  formerly  been 
whittled  out  by  hand. 
In  1847  he  began  to 
manufacture  shoes  in 
Marlboro,  and  three 
years  later  went  to 
New  York  and  made 
brogans  in  company 
with  his  uncle, 
Charles  D.  Bigelow. 
He  returned  to  Marl- 
boro in  1854,  and 
then  after  three  years 
of  buildi  ng,  farm- 
ing and  speculating, 
went  to  Albany,  N. 
v.,  and  continued  the 
shoe  manufacture, 
employing  convict 
labor  in  the  peniten- 
tiary. He  subse- 
quently employed 
convicts  in  P  r  o  v  i  - 
dence,  R.  I.,  and  at 
Trenton,  N.  J-,  using 
the  latter  in  the 
manufacture  of  army 
shoes  in  the  early 
years  of  the  war. 
Among  labor-saving 
devices  of  Mr.  Bige- 
low's  invention  made 

during  the  years  last  mentioned,  were  a  gang  punch,  an 
improvement  in  pegging  machines  which  substituted  a 
knife  for  the  saw  to  cut  the  pegs,  and  channeling  and 
heel  trimming  machines.  Mr.  Bigelow  came  to  Worces- 
ter in  1863  as  superintendent  for  Bigelow  &  Trask,  a  firm 
which  was  afterwards  absorbed  by  the  Bay  State  Shoe 
and  Leather  Company.  Mr.  Bigelow  became  a  large 
owner  of  stock  in  this  corporation,  and  its  manager.  In 
1869,  Mr.  Bigelow  invented    the    Bigelow  heeling  ma- 


H.    H.    BIGELOW 


chine,  one  of  the  greatest  labor-saving  devices  of  the 
boot  and  shoe  industry.  The  machine  utilizes  waste 
leather  by  turning  it  under  pressure  into  heels,  at  the 
same  time  shaping,  piercing  and  nailing  the  heel.  In 
1875  the  interest  of  the  Bigelow  Heeling  Machine 
Company  and  those  of  the  McKay  Heeling  Machine 
Company  were  consolidated.  Mr.  Bigelow  became  in- 
terested in  real  estate  on  Lake  Quinsigamond  in  1872, 
but  not  until  1883  did  he  acquire  control  of  the  West, 

or  Worcester  Shore, 
and  of  the  Worcester 
&  Shrewsbury  rail- 
roads, which  gives 
access  to  it.  He  im- 
mediately began  to 
improve  his  property. 
The  railroad  bed 
and  the  rolling-stock 
were  renewed,  build- 
ings  erected,  and 
the  whole  aspect  of 
things  changed. 
.As  a  result,  the  lake 
became  a  popular 
summer  resort.  Mr. 
Bigelow  has  added  to 
his  property  at  the 
lake  from  time  to 
time.  In  conjunc- 
tion with  Hon.  Ed- 
ward L.  Davis,  he 
presented  to  the  city' 
for  a  park  a  beautiful 
tract  of  woodland 
comprising  over  one 
hundred  :Kres.  The 
village  of  Lake  View, 
a  flourishing  suburb 
of  cottages,  chiefly 
the  homes  of  Worces- 
ter mechanics,  was  built  up  by  Mr.  Bigelow's  encour- 
agement. In  1882  Mr.  Bigelow  purchased  of  the 
Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  the  site  of  the  old  Worcester 
depot  on  Foster  and  Mechanic  streets,  the  largest  sin- 
gle purchase  of  real  estate  ever  made  in  Worcester. 
Here,  in  addition  to  a  roller-skating  rink,  he  established 
the  first  electric-light  plant  in  Worcester.  He  is  still 
interested  in  the  Worcester  Electric  Power  Company, 
which  furnishes  power  to  forty  or  more  minor  industries. 


;i8 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TU-DAY. 


JAMES   A.    NORCROSS  and  Orlando  W.  Norcross 
comprise    the    firm   of    Norcross  Brothers,   whose 
reputation   as   contractors  and  builders  is  now  as  firmly 
established  as  a  block  of  their  own  favorite  Longmeadow 
brownstone,  and  whose  names  are   known  all  over  the 
country  wherever  a  fine   building   is  to   be  erected,  or 
where  the  fame  of  a  fine  structure  has  extended.     The 
Norcrosses  came   naturally   by   their   calling,  for    they 
inherited  a  constructing  ingenuity  and  love  of  building 
from   their  father. 
He  was  Jesse  S.  Nor- 
cross, a  man  of  great 
mechanical      ability, 
whose  chief  business 
was  setting   up  saw- 
mills   in   the    Maine 
woods.     James    .'\. 
Norcross    was    born 
in  Wins  low,  Me., 
March  24,  1831,  and 
Orlando  was  born  in 
Clinton,  in  the  same 
State,  Oct.  25,   1839. 
The    early    death   of 
their  father  threw  the 
boys  upon  their  own 
resources.    They  be- 
came carpenters  and 
builders,    finally    es- 
tablishing themselves 
in    S  warn  ps  CO  t't , 
Mass.,  in  1864,  after 
the     return    of     the 
younger  brother,  Or- 
lando,  from    three 
years'    service     with 
the   First  Massachu- 
setts Heavy  Artillery 
in  putting  down  the 
Rebellion.      Four 

years  later  they  removed  to  \\'orcester,  Mass.,  and 
began  laying  the  foundations  of  the  vast  business  enter- 
prise of  which  they  are  now  the  proprietors  and  man- 
agers. The  first  important  contract  undertaken  was  for 
the  Congregational  Church  in  Leicester,  Mass.,  in  1866. 
It  was  not  a  large  structure,  but  it  proved  the  beginning 
of  a  long  series  of  successful  building  operations,  and 
the  firm  have  e\er  retained  a  warm  regard  for  the 
Leicester  society,  and  those  of  it  who  gave  the  contract 


JAMES    A.    NORCROSS 


to  them.  In  the  next  four  years  they  had  taken  and 
successfully  completed  the  contracts  for  the  Crompton 
Block,  the  First  Universalist  Church  and  the  Classical 
High  School,  all  in  Worcester,  and  in  all  their  work 
established  a  reputation  for  honesty,  faithfulness  and 
trustworthiness.  In  the  erection  of  the  high  school, 
they  came  in  contact  with  the  late  H.  H.  Richardson, 
the  master  architect  of  America,  and  the  close  relations 
that  continued  between  the  architect  and  the  firm  until 

the  death  of  the 
former  showed  his 
appreciation  of  the 
skill  with  which  the 
Norcrosses  carr  i  e  d 
out  his  designs.  The 
monuments  of  his 
genius  are  no  less 
the  monuments  of 
the  skill  and  faithful- 
ness of  the  contrac- 
tors who  erected 
them.  The  Norcross 
contracts  are  usually 
of  the  kind  that  in- 
cludes all  portions  of 
the  structure  to  the 
completed  building. 
To  be  able  to  take 
these  they  have  gath- 
ered together  a  large 
force  of  clever  arti- 
sans in  all  kinds  of 
work  that  pertains 
to  building.  They 
have  large  shops, 
where  the  finest  in- 
terior finish  is  turned 
out,  skilful  carvings 
and  beautiful  tracery 
in  wood,  stone  and 
metal.  They  own  ([uarries  at  Milford,  Mass.,  whence 
comes  the  famous  pink  Worcester  granite,  which  is 
growing  in  public  favor  as  a  material.  They  also  own 
quarries  at  Longmeadow,  where  they  procure  the  com- 
Ijact,  and  firm,  yet  soft  and  warm-looking  Longmeadow 
brownstone,  which  they  were  the  chief  means  of  intro- 
ducing. They  also  own  quarries  of  red  granite  at  Stony 
Creek,  Conn.,  where  the  granite  quarried  is  commonly 
known  as  "  Branford  Red."     They  also  operate  ([uarries 


WORCESTER. 


319 


of  marble  at  Tuckahoe,  X.  V.,  where  a  beautiful  white 
marble  is  secured,  and  from  which  many  prominent 
buildings  in  New  York  City  have  been  built  in  the  last 
twenty  years.  James  A.  Norcross  married,  in  1852, 
Mary  Ellen  Pinkham,  of  Peabody,  Mass.  They  have 
four  sons  and  two  daughters.  Mr.  Norcross,  though  a 
very  busy  man,  takes  a  good  citizen's  interest  in  the 
affairs  of  the  city,  which  he  served  as  councilman  in 
1877.  Orlando  W.  Norcross  married  in  1870,  Ellen  P. 
Sibley,  of  Salem, 
Mass.  They  have 
three  daughters.  Mr. 
Norcross  was  se- 
lected by  General 
(iraut  as  an  expert 
on  the  commission 
to  examine  the  con- 
dition of  the  Federal 
Building  in  Chicago. 
The  task  was  diffi- 
cult but  its  result  will 
long  be  remembered 
by  builders,  for  no 
suggestion  or  finding 
of  the  commission 
has  failed  to  be  sus- 
tained by  subsequent 
events.  The  follow- 
ing are  some  of  the 
buildings  erected  by 
this  enterprising  firm. 
The  list  includes 
only  some  of  the 
larger  kind,  but  it 
will  be  seen  to  in 
elude  almost  all  vari- 
eties of  buildings. 
Public  Buildings  : 
1872,  Hampden 
County  Court  House, 

Springfield,  Mass.,  cost,  §175,000;  1877,  Woburn 
Library,  cost,  S8o,ooo  ;  Ames  Library,  North  Easton, 
Mass.,  cost,  $36,000  ;  1879,  Town  Hall,  North  Easton, 
Mass.,  cost,  $50,000:  1880,  Crane  Memorial  Library, 
Quincy,  Mass.,  cost,  §44,000:  City  Hall,  Albany,  N.  Y., 
cost,  §295,000  :  1885,  Allegheny  County  Court  House, 
Pittsburg,  Pa.,  cost,  §2,500,000  :  Maiden,  Mass.,  Library, 
cost,  §90,000:  1S87,  Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
cost,  §530,000  ;  Howard  Memorial  Library,  New  Orleans, 


ORLANDO    W.    NORCROSS. 


La.,  cost,  §98,000;  1889,  State  House  Extension, 
Boston,  Mass.,  cost,  §700,000;  1892,  Bloomingdale 
Asylum,  White  Plains,  N.  Y.,  cost.  §1,135,000. 

Club  Houses:  1879,  Union  League,  New  York  City, 
cost,  §255,000  ;  1881,  Boston  Art  Club,  cost,  §54,000  ; 
1886,  Algonquin  Club,  Boston,  Mass.,  cost,  §177,000. 

Educational:  1870,  Worcester  High  School,  cost, 
§120,000;  1878,  Boston  Latin  School,  cost,  §170,000 ; 
Hemenway  Gymnasium,  Harvard  College,  cost,  §91,000  ; 

Sever  Hall,  Harvard 
College,  cost, 
§104,000  ;  1882, 
Austin  Hall,  Harvard 
College,  cost, 
§136,000;  Union 
Theological  S  e  m  i  - 
nary.  New  York  City, 
cost,  §286,000;  1883, 
Yermont  University, 
Burlington,  Vt.,  cost, 
§92,000 ;  Lawrence- 
ville  School,  N.  J., 
cost,  §320,000 ;  1886, 
Durfee  High  School, 
Fall  River,  Mass. 
(stone  work),  cost, 
§200,000  ;  1888, 
C  rouse  Memorial 
College,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y.,  cost,  §220,- 
000  ;  Yale  Memorial 
Building,  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  cost, 
§135,000  ;  1892, 
Princeton  College, 
( '  o  m  m  e  n  c-e  m  e  n  t 
Hall,  cost,  §214,000, 
Walker  Art  Building, 
Bowdoin  College, 
Brunswick,  Me.,  cost, 
§107,000.  The  business  structures  erected  by  them 
include  the  Marshall  Field  Building,  Chicago,  §900,000  : 
N.  Y.  Life  Ins.  Co.'s  buildings  at  Omaha  and  Kansas  City, 
§750,000  each  ;  Exchange  Building,  Boston,  §1,410,500  ; 
.'^mes  Building,  Boston,  §704,000 :  Youth's  Compan- 
ion, Boston,  §464,000.  Their  celebrated  churches  are  : 
Trinity,  Boston,  §390,000  ;  St.  John's,  N.  Y.,  §419,000  : 
South  Congregational,  Springfield,  ALiss.,  §150,000. 
Thev  built  the  B.  &  K.  station  at  Springfield,  §375,000. 


?20 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JAMES  JOHNSON  WARREN  was  born  in  Brimfield, 
Mass.,   March  23,    1822.     His  ancestors  were    of 
good   old    Puritan   stock.      His   grandfather,  Philemon 
Warren,   was  a  cousin  of   General  Joseph  Warren,  the 
patriot  who  fell  at  Bunker  Hill.     Philemon  Warren  set- 
tled at  Brimfield,  and  began  as  a  tanner  and  currier  the 
successful  leather  industry  which  his  descendants  until 
recently  maintained  there.     John  M.  Warren,  the  father 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  continued  the  business,  and 
to  make  a  market  for 
the  leather   that   ac- 
cumulated   in    the 
tannery,  started   a 
boot  and  shoe  shop 
in  Brimfield  in  1818. 
Their  factory,  which 
was  one  of  the  first 
established    in   Mas- 
sachusetts,     became 
the  main   industry  of 
Brimfield  and  its  vi- 
cinity.     James   J. 
Warren  grew   up   in 
the    atmosphere     of 
leather,  and  naturally 
turned    to    it    for   a 
means  of  livelihood. 
He  acquired  his  ele- 
mentary education  in 
the  schools  of  Brim- 
field, and   in   acade- 
mies    at     Ellington, 
Conn.,  and  Monson, 
Mass.     In    1834    he 
came    to    Worcester 
and    completed    his 
education     in     the 
Worcester  Manual 
Labor  High  School, 
now      Worcester 

Academy.  Here  he  passed  two  years,  and  then  entered 
active  business  in  the  leather  trade,  in  which  he  has 
ever  since,  in  one  branch  or  another,  been  engaged. 
He  began  his  business  career  in  1838  as  clerk  in  a  New 
York  leather  house.  Three  years  later  he  was  clerk  for 
P.  Warren  &  Sons,  in  the  Brimfield  factory,  after  which 
he  started  with  his  brother  in  a  wholesale  and  retail 
boot  and  shoe  store  in  Petersburg,  Va.,  but  less  than  a 
year  of  Southern  life  contented  him,  and  he  disposed  of 


JAMES   J.    WARREN 


his  business  and  returned  to  Brimfield.  Here  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  tanning  and  manufacture  of  card 
leather.  This  industry  he  carried  on  successfully  for  a 
number  of  years,  and  finally  removed  it  to  Worcester  in 
1867.  Here  he  went  into  partnership  with  O.  H.  Wes- 
ton, who  then  carried  on  a  produce  business,  and  the 
two  industries  were  continued  together  for  a  dozen  years. 
Perceiving  the  advantages  of  a  location  near  the  pro- 
jected union  station,  Mr.  Warren  purchased  property  on 

Washington    Square, 
and   erected  the 
Warren  Building,  a 
handsome  granite 
structure      overlook- 
ing the  square.    He 
moved    his  leather 
business  into  it,  dis- 
solving   his    part- 
nership  with    Mr. 
Weston.    He  next 
purchased   the  busi- 
ness of   the    Harrell 
Manufacturing  Com- 
pany in  Boston,  and 
c  h  a n  g  i  n  g  the  name 
to   the   J.  J.  Warren 
Company,   of  which 
he  became  president, 
moved  it  to  Worces- 
ter  in    1887.      This 
concern  has  built  up 
a  comparatively  new 
industry  in  this  coun- 
try in   the   manufac- 
ture  of    fine    leather 
goods  of  all  descrip- 
tions which  promises 
to  be  per  m  a  n  e  n  t, 
the   business   having 
already     outstripped 
that  of  J.  J.  Warren  &  Son.     The  company  uses  many 
varieties  of  leather,  and  makes  all  sorts  of  articles  into 
which  this   material  enters.     Mr.  Warren    is   a  modest 
gentleman,  and  has  always  refused  public  office.     The 
only  exception  he  made  was  when  he  accepted  the  trus- 
teeship of  the  Hitchcock  Free  High  School  in  his  native 
town.     Mr.  Warren  married,  in  1844,  Mary  Kmmons,  of 
Hinsdale,  Mass.     They  have    three  daughters  and  one 
son,  the  latter  associated  with  his  father  in  business. 


WORCESTER. 


321 


JOHN  DAVIS  WASHBURN    was   born   in   Boston, 
March  27,  1833,  the  eldest  son  of  John  Marshall 
and  Harriet  (Kimball)  Washburn.    The  family  removed 
to    the    town    of   Lancaster,  in   Worcester   County,   in 
1838,  and  there  Mr.  Washburn  passed  his  boyhood  and 
received  his  earlier  education.     He  was  an  apt  student, 
finishing  the  course  at  Harvard  when  only  twenty  years 
of  age,  being  graduated  in  the   class  of    1853.     He  en- 
tered upon  the    study  of  law  with  Hon.  Emory  Wash- 
burn, afterward  in  the 
office  of  Hon.  George 
F.  Hoar,  and  finally 
in  the  Harvard  Law 
School,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  in  1856.    Ad- 
mitted to  the  Worces- 
ter bar,  he  practised 
his  p  r  of  es  s  ion  in 
partnership  with    the 
late  Hon.  Henry  C. 
Rice.     He   early 
turned  his  attention 
to  insurance,  and  be- 
came  prominent  a  s 
an    insurance    attor- 
ney, finally  succeed- 
ing   the    late     Hon. 
Alexander    H.    B  u  1- 
lock  as  attorney  and 
agent   for   several 
large  companies. 
His  title   of   colonel 
he    received  as  a 
member  of  Governor 
Bullock's    s  t  a  ff,   on 
which  he  served  from 
1866    to    1869.      In 
1871    he    was    ap- 
pointed   trustee     of 

the  Worcester  Lunatic  Hospital,  and  served  continu- 
ously until  1881.  From  1875  to  1885  he  was  a  trustee  of 
the  Massachusetts  School  for  Feeble-Minded.  He' was 
in  the  lower  branch  of  the  State  Legislature  from  1876 
to  1879,  and  served  one  term  in  the  Senate  from  the 
Worcester  city  district  in  1884.  Politically,  Colonel 
Washburn  has  always  been  an  ardent  Republican,  taking 
an  active  interest  in  the  success  of  his  partv,  and  being 
a  valued  participant  in  its  councils.     Mr.  Washburn  has 


JOHN    D,    WASHBURN 


held  many  positions  of  trust.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Citizens' National  Bank  from  1866  to  1880;  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Investment  of  the  Worcester  County 
Institution  for  Savings  since  1871;  trustee,  and  for  fif- 
teen years  treasurer,  of  the  Washburn  Memorial  Hos- 
pital;  a  director,  since  1862,  of  the  Merchants'  and 
Farmers'  Insurance  Company,  in  which  he  succeeded 
the  late  Hon.  Isaac  Davis  as  president  in  1883.  He  is 
also  councillor  and  recording  secretary  of  the  American 

Antiquarian  Society) 
councillor  of  the 
Massachusetts     His- 
torical Society,  an 
original    member   of 
the    American   His- 
torical    Association, 
corresponding  mem- 
ber  of   the   Georgia 
Historical      Society, 
trustee  and  first  sec- 
retary of  Clark  Uni- 
versity, and  for  many 
years  was  a  director 
of   the    Harvard 
Alumni   Association. 
In  1889  he  was  ap- 
pointed United 
States  minister  to 
Switzerland  by  Presi- 
dent Harrison,  a  po- 
sition which  he  filled 
until  his   resignation 
in   the    autumn   of 
1892,  having  held  it 
a  year  longer  than  he 
had  at  first  intended. 
Colonel  Washburn 
married,    in    i860, 
Mary,    daughter   of 
Charles    L.   Putnam, 
and  has  one  daughter,  Edith,  wife  of  Richard  W.  Greene, 
of  Worcester.     Colonel  Washburn  is  a  man  of  scholarly 
tastes,  and  possesses  a  hearty  and  genial  manner  which 
renders  him  a  popular  attendant  on  gatherings  of  a  so- 
cial character.     He  is  an  excellent  presiding  officer  on 
all  occasions,  and  his  presence  always  assures  the  suc- 
cess of  any  movement  or  meeting  in  which  he  partici- 
pates.    He  is  considered  one  of  the  best  authorities  in 
the  State  on  historical  questions. 


;22 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HOMER   TAYLOR    FULLER  was  born    in  Lenip- 
ster,  N.  H.,  Nov.  15,   1838,  the  son  of  Sylvanus 
and  Sarah  M.  (Taylor)  Fuller,  and  is  a  direct  descendant 
of  Dr.  Samuel  Fuller,  the  physician  of  the  "  Mayflower" 
company  who    settled  Plymouth.     Mr.   Fuller  finished 
his   preparatory    studies   at    Kimball   Union    Academy, 
Meriden,  N.  H.,  and    was  graduated  at  Dartmouth   in 
1864.     He    had    taught  school  at  intervals  during  his 
college  course,  and  on  graduation  continued  to  do  so- 
He  was  principal  of 
Fredonia    (  N  .   Y  . ) 
Academy    for    three 
years.     With  a  view 
to    entering    the 
ministry,  he   studied 
at    Andover  T  h  e  o  - 
logical  Seminary  and 
at   Union    Seminary 
in    New    York    for 
portions   of   two 
years ;  also  devoting 
part  of  this  time  to 
teaching  at  Meriden 
and  at  St.  Johnsbury, 
Vt.     From    1869    to 
187 1    he  was  acting 
pastor    of    the    Con- 
gregational    Church 
at   Peshtigo,    Wis., 
but  then  decided  to 
adopt    teaching   as 
his    profession,    and 
accepted  the  princi- 
palship  of  St.  Johns- 
bury  (Vt.)  Academy. 
This     school     under 
his   guidance    in- 
creased   in    numbers 
from    fi  f  t  y    to    two 
hundred    and    fi  f  t  y 

pupils,  and  came  to  the  very  front  rank  of  schools  for 
secondary  instruction.  In  1879-80  he  spent  a  year  in 
study  and  travel  abroad,  and  visited  England,  the  Con- 
tinent, Greece  and  its  islands,  Egypt,  Palestine,  Syria 
and  Asia  Minor.  In  1882  he  became  principal — after- 
wards president  —  of  the  Worcester  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute, and  before  entering  upon  his  duties  spent  five 
months  in  the  examination  of  scientific  and  technical 
schools   in    Europe.     In    that    time    he    visited    similar 


HOMER   T.    FULLER. 


institutions  in  Manchester,  Birmingham,  Bradford  and 
London  in  England,  in  Paris,  .Aachen,  Zurich,  Munich, 
Vienna,  Dresden,  Hanover,  Berlin,  Hamburg,  Copen- 
hagen, St.  Petersburg  and  Moscow,  and  in  his  inaugural 
address  in  June,  1883,  showed  how  much  technical 
training  had  done,  or  was  beginning  to  do,  for  the  indus- 
tries of  these  foreign  countries.  Dr.  Fuller  received  the 
degree  of  Ph.  D.  from  his  alma  mater  in  1880.  The 
institute  has  greatly  prospered  since  he  took  charge  of 

it,    the    numbers    of 
students  and  instruc- 
tors and  the  accom- 
modations   having 
fully  doubled  in  the 
ten  years  of  his  ad- 
ministrati  on .     He 
reads  five  or  si.x  lan- 
guages with    facility, 
and  has  some  knowl- 
edge of  two  or  three 
more.     He  has  made 
geology,    mineralogy 
and   metallurgy  spe- 
cial studies  from  the 
college    on,  and  has 
read    widely   in    his- 
tory and  economics. 
He  is  devoted  to  his 
administrative    work 
and   to    instruction, 
and    has    published 
little  except  occa- 
sional  scientific    pa- 
pers  and  addresses. 
He  is  now  preparing 
a  monograph   on 
Russian    technical 
education.     He  is  a 
member    of    the 
American     Institute 
of   Mining    Engineers,    of    the    .American   .-Academy   of 
Political   Science,  and   a  fellow  of  the    Geological   So- 
ciety of  America,  and  of  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science.     He  has  also,  for  some 
years,  been  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Instruction,  is  a  member  of  the  Worcester 
Club,  and  has  served  on  the  School  Committee  of  Wor- 
cester.    He  married,  June  20, 1870,  Miss  Etta  Jones,  of 
Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  and  has  two  daughters  and  one  son. 


WORCESTER. 


323 


JEVARTS  GREENE  was  born  in  Boston,  Nov.  27, 
,  1834,  son  of  Rev.  David  and  Mary  Evarts 
Greene.  The  family  removed  to  Roxbury  soon  after 
Mr.  Greene's  birth,  and  he  received  his  education  in  the 
public  schools  and  the  excellent  Latin  School  of  that 
town.  In  1849  Mr.  Greene  entered  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  and  after  a  year  at  that  insti- 
tution went  to  Vale  College,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1853.  He  taught  school  for  four  years, 
in  Connecticut  and 
in  Iowa,  and  then 
spent  two  years  i  n 
the  employ  of  the 
government,  survey- 
ing public  lands  in 
Kansas.  At  that  time 
the  plains  were  still 
covered  with  buffalo, 
and  the  Indians  met 
with  there  were  still 
armed  with  the  primi- 
tive bow  and  arrow. 
Mr.  Greene  returned 
to  Massachusetts  in 
1859,  and  after  less 
than  a  year's  study 
was  admitted  to  the 
Worcester  bar.  He 
settled  upon  North 
Brookfield  for  a  loca- 
tion, and  began  to 
practise  his  profes- 
sion there.  When 
the  call  for  volunteers 
came,  in  1861,  Mr. 
Greene  was  the  first 
man  in  North  Brook- 
field  to  enlist.  He 
aided  in  raising  a 
company  in  the  T'if- 

teenth  Regiment,  and  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant 
of  the  company.  Oct.  2,  1861,  the  regiment  partici- 
pated in  the  disastrous  battle  of  Ball's  Bluff,  in  which 
it  was  badly  shattered.  Lieutenant  Greene,  with  a  de- 
tachment of  his  company,  remained  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  river,  covering  the  escape  of  his  comrades,  and 
with  his  little  force  was  taken  prisoner.  With  other 
ofificers  taken  in  the  battle.  Lieutenant  CJreene  was  held 
prisoner  of   war   in   Richmond   for  four  months.     Re- 


J.    EVARTS    GREENE. 


leased  on  parole,  the  prisoners  left  Richmond,  Feb.  22, 
1862,  the  day  Jefferson  Davis  was  inaugurated.  Mr. 
Greene's  gallant  service  at  Ball's  Bluff  had  been  recog- 
nized by  a  captain's  commission,  issued  while  he  was  in 
prison.  Finding  it  impossible,  however,  to  secure  an 
exchange,  and  weary  of  waiting.  Captain  Greene  re- 
signed and  returned  to  North  Brookfield,  and  resumed 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  April,  1864,  Mr. 
Greene  married  Mary  A.  Bassett,  of  New  Haven.     He 

continued  in  prac- 
tice at  North  Brook- 
field until  May,  1868, 
when  he  removed  to 
Worcester  to  become 
the  associate  of  Hon. 
John  D.  Baldwin  in 
the  editorship  of  the 
Worcester  Spy.  On 
Mr.  Baldwin's  death 
Mr.  Greene  became 
editor-in-chief,  a  po- 
sition which  he  filled 
until  1 89 1.  It  was  a 
post  for  which  his 
scholarly  tastes,  well- 
trained  mind,  and 
ready  knowledge  of 
men  and  events  emi- 
nent  1  y  fitted  him. 
His  style  is  direct 
and  forcible,  and  he 
possesses  a  readiness 
and  aptness  of  ex- 
pression  which 
makes  his  written 
English  a  delight  to 
the  reader.  Mr. 
(jreene  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster 
of  Worcester,  Feb.  5, 
1 89 1.  Under  his  administration  the  efficiency  of  the 
service  has  materially  improved,  owing  to  the  systema- 
tizing of  the  work.  The  carrier  service  has  been  im- 
jjroved  and  extended,  and  the  number  of  collections 
increased.  Mr.  Greene  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Antiquarian  Society,  and  of  the  St.  Wulstan  Society,  and 
has  twice  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
the  Free  Public  Library  of  Worcester.  In  politics  Mr. 
Greene  is  a  Republican. 


324 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GENERAL  ROBERT  HORACE  CHAMBERLAIN, 
sheriff  of  Worcester  County,  was  born  in  Wor- 
cester, June  1 6,  1838.     His  ancestors  on  both  sides  of 
the  family  had  been  for  several  generations  residents  of 
Worcester,  so  he  may  truly  claim  to  be   born  of  old 
Worcester    stock.     His    father    was    General    Thomas 
Chamberlain,   one    of    the    solid    men    of    A\'orcester 
County,  who,  like  his  father  before  him,  was  a  select- 
man of  the  town  and  a  citizen  of  prominence,     ^^'hen 
the   town   became  a 
city  he  was  president 
of  its  first  Common 
Council.  The  mother 
of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch   was    Hannah 
Blair,  also  of  an  old 
county  family.    Rob- 
ert   H.   Chamberlain 
received    his   educa- 
tion   in    the    public 
schools  of  Worcester, 
and  at  Worcester 
Academy  and  West- 
field    .Academy,     ."^t 
eighteen  he  entered 
upon  an  apprentice- 
ship  to  Ball  &  Bal- 
lard, machinists,  and 
learned    the    trade 
thoroughly,  as  he  al- 
ways does  everything. 
Then  the  war  broke 
out,  and  Mr.  Cham- 
berlain   enlisted    in 
Company  A,    of  the 
Fifty-first  Regiment. 
He  was  sergeant 
while   in   the    Fifty- 
first,    but    later    re- 
enlisted  in  the  Six- 
tieth and  was  commissioned  captain  of   Company  F. 
The  taste  for  military  affairs,  which  he  acquired  in  the 
service,  induced  him  to  continue  after  the  war  ended. 
He  was  active  in  State  militia  circles  for  over  a  decade. 
He  was  captain  of  the  Worcester  City  Guards,  major 
and   afterward   colonel    of    the   Tenth    Regiment,   and 
finally  was  brigadier-general  of  the   State  militia,  a  posi- 
tion he  resigned  in  1S76.     He  was  active  in  organizing 
Battery  B,  of  Worcester,  which  still  retains  the  name  of 


ROBERT   H.    CHAMBERLAIN 


Chamberlain  Light  Battery.  General  Chamberlain  has 
received  high  Masonic  honors.  He  joined  the  order  in 
1862  and  the  commandery  in  1865.  He  has  taken  the 
thirty-second  degree,  Scottish  Rite,  and  holds  one  of 
the  highest  offices  attainable  in  Knight  Templarship,  — 
that  of  grand  commander  of  the  Grand  Commandery 
of  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island.  He  is  treasurer 
of  the  Worcester  Masonic  Relief  P'und.  General 
Chamberlain   was    a   charter  member   of    Post    10,   G. 

A.     R.      For     three 
years   he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Worces- 
ter County  Mechan- 
ics' Association.    His 
public  service  began 
in     1869,    when    he 
represented     Ward 
Three   in   the    Com- 
mon Council,  an 
office    to    which    he 
was  re-elected  in  the 
following  year.   Then 
Mayor  Blake,  to 
whom     the    city    is 
chiefly  indebted   for 
its  excellent  sewerage 
system,     made     him 
sup erintendent  of 
sewers.    \i<  executive 
officer  of  this  impor- 
tant   department    of 
the    city.    General 
Chamberlain  was 
most  efficient.     Dur- 
ing his  sixteen  years 
of     ser\ice     he    ex- 
tended   the    system 
some  sixtymiles.   He 
continued  in  charge 
of  the  sewer  depart- 
ment until  1888,  when  he  resigned  to  become  deputy- 
sheriff  and  keeper  of  the  House  of  Correction.    Although 
Sheriff  Sprague,  who  appointed  him,  was  defeated  for 
re-election.  Sheriff  Nye  wisely  retained  General  Cham- 
berlain in  his  position  at  the  jail.     In  the  fall  of  1892, 
after  a  spirited  canvass,  General  Chamberlain  received 
the  Republican  nomination  for  sheriff  and  was  elected. 
He  married  Esther  Browning,  of  Hubbardston,  and  they 
have  two  daughters. 


WORCESTER. 


32s 


FRANCIS    HENSHAW    DEWEY,    second    of    the 
name,  was  born  in  Worcester,  March  23,  1856. 
He  is  the  son  of  the  late  Judge  Francis  H.  and  Sarah 
B.  (Tufts)  Dewey.     He  received  his  early  education  in 
private  schools,  and  then  entered  St.  Marks  School,  at 
Southboro,  in  1868.    Here  he  spent  four  years  in  prepa- 
ration for  college,  and  then  entered  Williams  College, 
his  father's  alma  mafcr.     Mr.  Dewey  took  a  high  rank 
in  college,  being  one  of  the  first  six  of  his  class,  and  so 
became  a  member  of 
the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
Society,  the  one  col- 
lege society  in  which 
membership  is  deter- 
mined by  rank.     Mr. 
Dewey  graduated  in 
the    class  of    1876, 
and  three  years  later 
received     from     his 
college    the     degree 
of     master    of    arts. 
As  Mr.  Dewey's  an- 
cestors    for    several 
generations  had  been 
engaged  in  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law,  it 
was  natural  that  ujion 
graduation  he  should 
choose    the    same 
profession,    and     he 
began  his  studies  in 
the  office  of  Staples 
&  Goulding,  in  Wor- 
cester.    After  a  year 
of    office    study    he 
entered  the  Harvard 
Law  School,  and  by 
assiduous  work  cov- 
ered  the  two   years' 
law   course    in    that 

institution  in  one  year,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL.  B. 
in  1878.  After  a  few  months  more  in  the  office  of 
Staples  &  Goulding  he  was  admitted  to  the  Worcester 
bar  in  February,  1879.  He  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Worcester,  where  he  has  since  continued. 
Mr.  Dewey  is  a  man  of  the  firmness  and  stability  of 
character  that  invites  confidence,  and  probably  occu- 
pies more  positions  of  trust  than  any  other  among  the 
young  professional  men  of  the  city.     He  became  solic- 


FRANCIS    H.    DEWEY 


itor  of  the  Worcester  Mechanics'  Savings  Bank  in  1880, 
clerk  of  the  corporation  in  1882,  and  a  trustee  of  the 
institution  in  1888.     He  succeeded  his  father  in  1888, 
on  the  decease  of  the  latter,  as  director,  and  in  April 
of  that  year  was  chosen  president  of   the  Mechanics' 
National  Bank.     He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Worcester 
Gas  Company,  of    the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad 
Company,  a  director  and  the  treasurer  of  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  Bay^State  House,  and  holds  the  same  posi- 
tions in  the  Worces- 
ter Theatre  Associa- 
tion.    In  the  1  a  s  t  - 
named      corporation 
he    look    an    active 
part  in  the  reorgani- 
zation of   two   years 
ago,   which    resulted 
in  giving  the  city  its 
present   beautiful 
theatre.     Mr.  Dewey 
is   chairman   of    the 
Board   of    Assessors, 
of  the  Second  Parish 
(Unitarian)   Church, 
and     superintendent 
of  the  Sunday  school. 
He  is  also  much  in- 
terested in  charital)le 
work,  being  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Associated 
Charities  of  Worces- 
ter.    Though     often 
urged  to  accept  polit- 
ical office,  he  has  felt 
obliged,  on   account 
of    the    business    in- 
terests with  which  he 
is   identified,  to   de- 
cline.    He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American 
Antiquarian   Society,   of   the    \\'orcester    Fire    Society, 
the  Worcester  Club  and  the  Quinsigamond  Boat  Club. 
Among   other    positions    of    a   fiduciary   character   he 
includes    the    trusteeship    of    numerous   estates.     Mr. 
Dewey  married,  Dec.  12,  1878,  Lizzie  D.  Bliss,  daughter 
of   the  late  Harrison  Bliss,  of   Worcester.     They  have 
one  son  and  one  daughter.     Few  men  of  his  years  carry 
on  their  shoulders  such  a  load  of  important  and  diver- 
sified interests  as  Mr.  Dewey. 


326 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ALFRED  S.  PINKERTON,  president  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts State   Senate,  was  born  in   Lancaster, 
Penn.,  March   19,  1856.     After   the  death  of  his  father, 
he  accompanied  his  mother  to  \\'orcester,  where  he  was 
employed  as  book-keeper  in  a  manufacturing  establish- 
ment.    Being  ambitious  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  he 
utilized  his  spare  hours  in  study,  and  by  dint  of  close 
application,  aided  by  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the 
late  Hon.  Peter  C.  Bacon,  he  was  enabled  to  fit  liimself 
for  the  bar,  to  which 
he  was   admitted  in 
1881.     He    immedi- 
ately began  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  and  soon 
rose  to  a  position  of 
recognized    pro  m  i- 
nence.     In   1887   he 
was    elected  to   the 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives, and    was  re- 
elected in  1888   and 
1889  by  increased 
majorities.     He 
served  on    the  com- 
mittees on  the  Judici- 
ary and  on  Constitu- 
tional  Amendments, 
and  was  house  chair- 
man of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Water  Supply. 
In     I  8  9  o  h  e    was 
elected  to  the  Senate, 
where  he  was  chair- 
man of  the  Commit- 
tee on  Constitutional 
Amendments      a  n  d 
served  on  the   com-    ■ 
mittees  on  the  Judi- 
ciary and  on  Probate 
and  Insolvency.   Re- 
elected  in    1 89 1,   he  was   appointed    chairman    of  the 
Committee  on  Judiciary,  the  highest  honor  in  the  gift 
of   the  president,  and  upon  the  creation  of   the  Joint 
Special  Committee,  to  consider  the  organization  of  the 
various    State   boards  and   commissions,  was  made   its 
chairman.     In  this  year  he  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Committee   on  Probate  and   Insolvency.      The  further 
consideration  of  the  subject  of  State  commissions  being 
referred  to  a  Joint  Special  Committee,  to  sit  during  the 


ALFRED    S.    PINKERTON 


recess,  Mr.  Pinkerton  served  as  its  chairman,  jiresenting 
to  the  next  Legislature  a  report  of  its  findings.  In  1892 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Senate  by  the  unani- 
mous \ote  of  his  associates.  Republicans  and  Democrats 
alike.  As  the  presiding  officer  of  the  Senate,  he  has 
commanded  respect  and  admiration  for  fairness,  careful 
rulings  and  knowledge  of  parliamentary  law  and  proced- 
ure. Mr.  Pinkerton  was  elected  to  the  .Senate  for  1893, 
and  was  again  chosen  as  the  president  of  that  body.    He 

has    been   secretary 
and  chairman  of  the 
Worcester  County 
Republican  Commit- 
tee.    In  appearance, 
Mr.  Pinkerton  is 
pleasing,   and    while 
he   has   a   somewhat 
stern  countenance, 
is  genial  and  warm- 
hearted.    He    is    a 
member  of   AV'orces- 
ter   Lodge,    No.    56, 
I.O.  ().  F.,  and   of 
Wachusett   Encamp- 
ment.    In    1882    he 
entered    t  h  e   Grand 
Lodge    and  Grand 
Encampment,  where 
he  at  once  took  rank, 
and   was    a    member 
of    the    committee 
which  in    1887    re- 
ported in  favor  of  the 
establishment    of    a 
"  home  for  aged  and 
infirm    members    of 
the  fraternity."     He 
has  been  grand  mas- 
terof    the   Grand 
Lodge  of  Massachu- 
setts—  the  youngest  man  who  ever  occupied  that  ex- 
alted chair,  and  has  for  a  number  of  years  been  chairman 
of  the  Finance  Committee  of  that  body.     Since  1889  he 
has  represented  this  jurisdiction  in  the  Sovereign  Lodge. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  belong- 
ing to  Athelstan  Lodge,  of  which  he  is  past  master ;  to 
the  council  and  chapter,  and  to  Worcester  County  Com- 
mandery  of  Knights  Templar.     Mr.  Pinkerton  is  a  pub- 
lic speaker  of  established  reputation. 


NK^\■BURYPOR'^  dates  its  existence  as  a  city  from  its  grant  of  charter,  May  24,  185 1  ;  as  a  town,  from  its 
incorporation,  Jan.  28,  1764;  but  it  had  been  settled  for  nearly  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  previously, 
as  a  part  of  Newbury,  which  was  incorporated  as  a  plantation  May  6,  1635.  The  original  settlement  of  Newbury 
was  along  the  banks  of  the  river  Parker,  and  its  people  were  mainly  agricultural.  Within  a  few  years  several  fami- 
lies migrated  four  miles  further  to  the  north,  to  the  shore  of  the  larger  stream,  the  Merrimac,  and  formed  a  fishing 
settlement. 

From  this  grew  a  mercantile  and  commercial  community,  which  for  a  period  formed  the  third  seaport 
town  in  wealth  and  importance  in  the  colonies.  For  over  two  hundred  years  Newburyport  depended  for  its 
prosperity  upon  the  sea.  .\long  the  river  banks  a  ceaseless  activity  pervaded  its  score  of  ship-yards.  Its  vessels 
sailed  to  every  quarter  of  the  globe  and  brought  home  the  products  of  nature  or  the  results  of  the  industry  of 
every  people.  It  was  a  market  for  the  whole  Merrimac  valley,  the  farmers  of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  as 
well  bringing  the  fruits  of  their  farms  to  exchange  for  the  necessities  or  luxuries  which  were  daily  piled  upon  its 
wharves  or  stored  in  its  warehouses.  When  wars  with  the  mother  country  came,  from  peaceful  sailors  its  mariners 
and  shipmasters  became  naval  heroes,  and  privateering,  according  to  the  established  methods  of  warfare  of  the 
times,  made  many  rich.  But  ill-fortune  did  not  overlook  the  rich  and  prosperous  place.  In  181 1  a  fire,  greater 
in  extent,  more  widespread  in  its  results,  than  either  those  of  Boston  or  Chicago,  in  later  years,  in  proportion  to 
wealth  and  population,  dealt  a  withering  blow  to  its  people.  The  embargo  and  non-intercourse  acts  left  ships 
rotting  at  its  wharves,  the  general  hard  times  of  the  first  quarter  of  the  century  were  felt  with  cruel  force,  and 
Newburyport's  commercial  greatness  was  destroyed.  The  shipbuilding  art  continued,  with  varied  degrees  of  pros- 
perity, reaching  its  highest  mark  in  the  fifties,  but  since  then  it  has  steadily  declined,  until  now  no  ship  rests  on 
the  stocks.     Its  commerce  has  been  wholly  obliterated,  and  its  once  great  fishing  mdustry  is  a  tale  which  is  told. 

Towards  the  middle  of  the  century  Newburj'port  began  to  experience  its  new  birth,  that  of  a  manufacturing 
community.  Four  large  cotton  mills  were  built.  Later,  at  about  the  period  of  the  war,  the  shoe  industry  was 
inaugurated.  Its  growth  was  slow  at  first,  but  in  the  past  dozen  years  has  been  rapid,  until  now  Newburyport  ranks 
among  the  important  shoe  centres  of  the  State.  Other  industries  have  been  established,  among  which  are  the 
manufacture  of  silver  ware,  of  street  railroad  cars,  horn  combs,  and  a  half  dozen  different  products,  and  to-day 
Newburyport's  prospects  as  a  manufacturing  community  are  encouraging.  Its  population  numbers  some  15,000, 
its  taxable  wealth  is  about  Sio,ooo,ooo.  A  bare  list  of  the  names  of  those  men  claimed  by  Newburyport  who  have 
become  eminent  in  their  country's  history  would  more  than  fill  the  space  alloted  to  this  article.  Caleb  Cushing, 
the  statesman  ;  Theophilus  Parsons,  the  jurist ;  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  the  philanthropist ;  William  Wheelwright, 
the  cosmopolitan ;  Tracy,  Marquand,  Brown,  Bartlett,  Lunt,  the  Cushings,  great  merchants,  all ;  Titcomb,  Lunt, 
Nichols,  Moses  Brown,  Greely,  svarriors  by  land  or  sea,  the  last  named  of  Arctic  fame  —  these  are  but  a  few  of 
the  many.  In  "times  which  try  men's  souls,"  the  patriotism  of  Newburyport  has  never  been  questioned.  With 
a  population  of  but  about  2,500,  there  were  717  enhstments  from  the  town  during  the  seven  years  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary War.  In  the  W'ar  of  the  Rebellion  there  were  1,343  enlistments  in  the  army  and  242  in  the  navy,  a  total 
of  1,585,  and  the  war  debt  of  the  city  reached  $123,000.  While  Newburyport  is  proud  of  its  history,  it  is  not 
unmindful  of  the  demands  of  the  present,  nor  lacking  in  faith  for  the  future.  It  is  not  the  fate  or  fortune  of  many 
communities  to  experience  so  radical  and  far-reaching  a  change  as  that  from  a  tow^n  wholly  commercial  to  a  city 
entirely  industrial.  The  transformation  could  not  be  accomplished  without  a  wrench,  the  adjustment  could  not  be 
reached  and  the  march  of  progress  resumed  at  the  waving  of  a  wand.  If  the  gain  has  not  been  so  rapid  as  that 
of  sister  cities,  there  have  been  good  reasons,  but  with  her  face  to  the  future  she  awaits  its  unfolding  with 
confidence. 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ORRIN  J.  GURNEY,  mayor  of  Newburyport,  was 
born  in  that  city  in  1849.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools,  and  in  1873  engaged  in 
business  for  himself  as  a  manufacturer  of  paper  and 
wooden  boxes.  He  has  carried  on  this  industry  to  the 
present  time.  In  1880,  desiring  more  commodious 
quarters  for  his  business,  he  purchased  a  church  building 
on  Congress  Street,  it  having  fallen  into  disuse  by  a  con- 
solidation of  two  societies.  This  he  fitted  up  to'meet 
his  wants,  but  with- 
out changing  the 
exterior,  even  the 
steeple  being  left 
standing,  so  that  the 
stranger,  as  he  passes 
along  and  pauses  to 
look  at  an  old  church 
building,  is  startled 
and  amused  on  read- 
ing a  sign  affixed  to 
the  wall  to  learn  that 
the  building  is  not 
devoted  to  the  usual 
purposes  the  style  of 
architecture  is  wont 
to  proclaim,  but  that 
instead  it  is  the  home 
of  a  busy  industry. 
Mr.  G u r n  e  y  w a s 
elected  to  the  Com- 
mon Council  of  1883. 
He  entered  that 
body  with  a  mission, 
which  was  to  reform 
t  h  e  unbusiness-like 
and  careless  way  of 
assessing  taxes, 
which,  in  the  course 
of  years,  had  come 
to   be   a    great   evil. 

At  the  May  meeting,  on  his  motion,  an  order  was 
passed  instructing  the  assessors  to  fallow  strictly  the 
public  statutes  relating  to  the  exemption  of  property 
from  taxation.  This  was  followed,  against  strong  oppo- 
sition, by  a  vote,  carried  in  September,  ordering  printed 
a  list  of  all  real  and  personal  property  in  the  city,  the 
amounts  taxed  thereon,  the  owners'  names,  with  a  list 
of  exemptions  accompanied  by  reasons  therefor.  The 
appearance  of  this  "  Doomsday  Book  "  created  a  great 


'^S^.^'. 


ORRIN    J.    GURNEY 


sensation,  but  its  objects  were  accomplished.  When 
every  man  could  see  just  what  every  other  man's  prop- 
erty was  valued  at,  with  the  opportunities  for  compari- 
son, a  sentiment  was  created  which  led  the  boards  of 
assessors  thereafter  to  use  the  utmost  care  in  their  work, 
and  the  benefits  therefrom  prevail  to  the  present  time. 
That  the  people  appreciated  Mr.  Gurney's  efforts  was 
patent  in  the  fact  that  they  elected  him  to  the  Board  of 
Aldermen   at   the    election   following.     In    1887,  1888, 

1889,  1890  and  1891 
he  again  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Common 
Council,    and    was 
honored    with    the 
presidency   of  that 
board  in  1888,  1890, 
1891.      At   the    mu- 
nicipal   election    in 
1 89 1,  he  was  chosen 
mayor  for  the  ensu- 
i  n  g   year.     Mayor 
Gurney's  inaugural 
address     showed     at 
once  that  his  admin- 
istration would  be  no 
mere    formality.      It 
was  incisive  and  out- 
spoken, and  through- 
out the  year  he  gave 
his  best  endeavors  to 
the   city's    interests. 
Mayor    Gurney  is  a 
prominent     Freema- 
son,   a    member    of 
the    Knights    of 
Honor,  the  United 
Order  of  the  Golden 
Cross,  and  the  New- 
buryport Veteran  Ar- 
tillery  Association, 
Since  identifying  himself  with  the  affairs  of  the  city  he 
has  been  untiring  in  his  efforts    to  accomplish  what  he 
deemed  best  for  the  city's  good,  and  though  some  have 
differed  with  him  as  to  methods,  he  has  maintained  the 
respect  of   all.      There    is  no  disputing  the  fact    that 
Mayor  Gurney  is  thoroughly  alive  to  the  best  interests 
of  the  city.     The  same  fearless  energy  that  characterized 
his  course  in  the  Common  Council  and  in  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  has  marked  his  administration  as  mayor. 


NEWBURYPORT. 


329 


GENERAL  ADOLPHUS  W.  GREELY,  the  Arctic 
explorer,  was  born  in  Newburyport,  March  27, 
1844.  He  was  fitted  for  college  in  the  public  schools, 
graduating  in  1S60  from  the  Newburyport  High  School. 
In  July,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  private  in  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  Regiment,  and  served  in  the  battles  of 
Ball's  Bluff,  Fair  Oaks,  Malvern  Hill,  Antietam,  Freder- 
icksburg, and  many  other  engagements.  He  was  wounded 
three  times.  In  February,  1S63,  he  was  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fifty-fourth 
Massachusetts  Regi- 
ment (Shaw's  colored 
regiment),  and  in 
March  of  the  same 
year  was  mustered  a 
second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fourth  R  e  g  i  - 
inent.  United  States 
Volunteers,  serving 
through  the  siege  of 
Port  Hudson.  Pro- 
moted to  be  first 
lieutenant  in  April, 
1864,  and  to  be  cap- 
tain in  March,  1865, 
he  was  breveted 
major,  "  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  ser- 
vices during  the 
war."  He  served 
with  the  Thirty-sixth 
Regular  Infantry 
from  March,  1867, 
until  August,  1 868, 
when  he  was  ordered 
to  duty  with  the 
chief  signal  officer 
of  the  army,  under 
whose    orders    he 

served,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months,  until,  upon 
the  illness  of  General  Hazen,  in  1886,  he  was  appointed 
acting  chief,  and  upon  the  latter's  death  was  made  chief 
signal  officer,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  That 
is  a  bare  outline  of  his  military  career,  but  it  gives 
scarcely  a  hint  of  his  achievements  in  the  realm  of 
science.  These  are  too  vast  and  multifarious  even  to 
be  catalogued  in  a  brief  biographical  sketch.  His  suc- 
cessful command  of  the  international  polar  expedition 


ADOLPHUS    W.    GREELY 


to  Lady  Franklin  Bay,  undertaken  in  188 1  and  com- 
pleted in  1883,  during  which  he  solved  geographical 
problems  involving  the  progress  of  mankind  in  science 
and  civilization,  and  advanced  the  name  of  America  to 
the  foremost  rank  of  Arctic  research ;  his  services  for 
meteorology,  while  at  the  head  of  the  Weather  Bureau, 
—  these  are  familiar  to  all.  General  Greely  personally 
invented  a  new  telegraphic  weather  code  which  saved 
the  government  about  forty  thousand  dollars  a  year,  and 

so    reorganized     the 
business  methods  of 
the   Bureau  as  to 
reduce     the     annual 
expenditures    more 
than     one     hundred 
and   seventy-four 
thousand     dollars. 
Since  the  civil  duties 
of   the  Signal  Corps 
were    transferred    to 
the    Department    of 
Agriculture,    General 
Greely  has    resumed 
his    strictly   military 
duties  as  chief  signal 
officer  of  the   army. 
He    is    an    honorary 
member  of  the  Royal 
Swedish  and  Scottish 
Geographical     socie- 
ties,  and    of    the 
British  Science  Asso- 
ciation, and  has  been 
the    recipient    of 
many  honors   at  the 
liands     of     scientific 
bodies    the    world 
over.     He  is  the  au- 
t  h  o  r  of    many  me- 
moirs,   mostly    of    a 
scientific  character.     The  most  important  of  these  are 
"  The   Climate    of    Oregon    and    Washington,"    "  The 
Rainfall   of    the    Pacific    Coast   and    Western    States," 
"The  Climate  of  Nebraska,"  "Climatology  of  the  Arid 
Regions,  with  reference  to  Irrigation  "  and  "The  Cli- 
mate of   Texas."     He    is   also    the   author   of  "  Three 
Years  of  Arctic  Service,"  "American  Weather"  and  the 
"  Narrative  and  Observations  of  the  International  Polar 
Expedition  to  Lady  Franklin  Bay." 


330 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ELISHA  P.  DODGE  was  born  in  Ipswich,  Oct.  5, 
1847,  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools, 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  years  began  his  business  career 
as  an   assistant   in    the   survey  for  the    Schenectady  & 
Catskill  Railroad,  in  New  York  State.     He  then  became 
a  clerk  in  the  shoe  store  of  his  brother,  ^[.  W.  Dodge, 
at   Troy,  a  retail   dealer   and    manufacturer,  where    he 
obtained  his  first  insight   in  that  industry  to  which  he 
was  afterwards  to  devote  the  best  endeavors  of  his  life, 
and  in  which  he  was 
destined    to   occupy 
so  prominent  a  posi- 
tion.    Mr.  Dodge,  in 
1865,    returned   to 
Massachusetts,    a  n  d 
became  a  partner 
with  his  brother,  Na- 
than   D.    Dodge,    in 
the    manufacture    of 
shoes  at  Lynn.     Af- 
ter some  months  he 
sold    his   interest    to 
the    latter,   who    re- 
moved  to  Newbury- 
port,  and  to  the  same 
city  came  Elisha  P., 
May  24,  1866,  enter- 
ing   the    employ    of 
Dodge    &    Balch    as 
foreman.       A   year 
and  a  half   later   he 
was   ready   to  estab- 
lish a  Imsiness  of  his 
own,    and     Dec.     i, 
1867,  at  the  age  of 
twenty,    he    com- 
menced   the    manu- 
facture   of    ladies' 
shoes    in    a  building 
on    Pleasant    Street, 

employing  about  thirty  hands,  and  doing  a  business  the 
first  year  of  some  fifty  thousand  dollars.  From  that 
time  on  Mr.  Dodge  has  seen  his  business  steadily  in- 
crease. In  1884  the  firm,  of  which  he  was  the  head, 
erected  a  four-story  brick  building  on  Pleasant  Street. 
Additions,  extensions  and  factories  built  or  purchased 
became  necessary  from  time  to  time,  and  in  1889  the 
firm  was  changed  to  a  corporation  —  the  E.  P.  Dodge 
Manufacturing  Company  being  formed.      A  year  later 


ELISHA    P.    DODGE, 


the  Newburyport  Shoe  Company  was  established.  Mr. 
Dodge  is  president  of,  and  the  i^rincipal  owner  in,  these 
two  corporations,  and  in  the  group  of  factories  on  Pleas- 
ant Street,  Tracy  and  Prince  places,  directs  the  largest 
industry  de\  oted  to  the  manufacture  of  women's  boots 
and  shoes  in  the  country.  The  floor  space  of  these 
buildings  covers  some  one  hundred  and  seventeen  thou- 
sand square  feet  of  surface,  the  yearly  product  of  manu- 
facture approximates  one  million  five  hundred  thousand 

dollars  in  value,  and 
from  twelve  hundred 
to    fifteen     hundred 
individuals  are  given 
employment.       Mr. 
Dodge's    public    life 
dates    from    1872, 
when  he  served  as  a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mon   Council.      For 
about    ten    years 
thereafter   he    was  a 
member    of     t  h  c 
school  board,  and  in 
1890    and     1 89 1    he 
was   mayor  of    New- 
buryport.     As   chief 
executive  of  the  city 
he  will,  perhaps,  best 
be  remembered  from 
the  fact,  that  largely 
through     his     efforts 
was  inaugurated   the 
relaying  of  the  streets 
of  the  city  in  a  per- 
manent and    scien- 
tific   manner,    on    a 
system  which  is  now 
carried    on    without 
interruption.       M  r . 
Dodge    has    been   a 
director  in  the  Mechanics'  Bank  since  1877,  for  many 
years  a  trustee  of  the  Institution  for  Savings,  and  is  ac- 
tively connected  with  other  societies  and  organizations. 
Four  brothers  have  also  been  prominent  as  shoe  manu- 
facturers, and  a  new  generation,  in  two  sons  of  an  elder 
brother,  give   promise  of   further   honoring   the    family 
name   in  connection  with   this   industry,      •■^s  business 
man    and    as   citizen,    Mr.    Dodge    enjoys    the    highest 
respect  of  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 


NEWBURYPORT. 


331 


ANDREW    F.    ROSS,  in  common  with  not  a  few  of 
the  active    business  men  of   Newburyport,    is   a 
native    of   Maine.     He    was    born    in   Shapleigh,    York 
County,  in  1842,  where  his  ancestors  had  been  settled 
for   generations,    and    prominent   in    the  business   and 
social  history  of  the  county.     Mr.  Ross  in  his  boyhootl 
received  the   usual  education  accorded  to  the  mass  of 
youth  in  the  country  districts,  and,  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen years,  engaged  in  work  with  his  father,  O.  R.  Ross, 
who  was  an  extensive 
dealer    in   lumber. 
After  a  time  he  was 
led   to  seek  his  for- 
tune in  city  life,  and 
removed    to    Boston, 
where    for    about    a 
year  he  served  as  a 
clerk.       Becoming 
convinced    that  suc- 
cess  in  life  did  not 
depend    alone    on 
location,    and    that 
country  towns  offered 
advantages     w  h  i  c  h 
cities  did  not,  he  re- 
turned to  Shapleigh, 
at    the  age  of   eigh- 
teen,   to    accept    an 
interest     in    his    fa- 
ther's business.     H  e 
continued    as    a 
lumber  merchant  for 
about    five    years, 
when,  looking   for  a 
promising    invest- 
ment for  what  capi- 
tal   he  had  accumu- 
lated,   he    came    to 
Newburyport.     Here 
he  met  the  late  John 

.A.  Hill,  and,  in  1867,  with  him  formed  a  partnership  as 
im[)orters,  jobbers  and  manufacturers  of  teas,  coffees, 
spices  and  cream  of  tartar.  By  the  death  of  Mr.  Hill  a 
year  and  a  half  later,  Mr.  Ross  was  left  to  carry  on  the 
business  alone,  which  he  has  done  since  with  unqualified 
success,  increasing  and  building  it  up  from  a  modest 
beginning,  until  the  reputation  of  the  "Hope  Mills" 
has  come  to  be  a  not  unimportant  factor  in  extending 
the  name  and  fame  of  the   old   city  of  Newburyport. 


ANDREW    F.    ROSS 


Mr.  Ross  first  engaged  in  business  in  a  wooden  building 
on  Hale's  Court.  Outgrowing  this,  he  removed  to  the 
Payne  Block  on  AVater  Street,  where  he  continued  for  a 
time,  and  later  he  purchased  the  brick  building  just 
below,  erected  some  years  previously  for  general  manu- 
facturing purposes.  Since  occupying  this  building  Mr. 
Ross  has  increased  its  capacity  by  adding  a  wing,  and 
has  also  erected  supplementary  wooden  buildings  on 
the  premises,  so  that  the  plant  is  not  only  ample  for  his 

own  present  and  pos- 
sible  future  needs, 
but  also  affords  quar- 
ters for  a  manufac- 
tory of  fine  shoes  for 
ladies.  Here  are 
unloaded  spices  in 
their  crude  state, 
coffee  as  it  conies 
from  the  plantations, 
cream  of  tartar  in  its 
crystal  form.  The 
spices  are  ground, 
purified,  and  packed 
in  boxes  and  cases 
ready  for  the  grocer 
to  h  a  n  d  le  .  The 
coffee  is  roasted  and 
ground,  the  cream  of 
tartar  pulverized  and 
]iut  in  the  form  famil- 
iar to  the  housewife. 
In  connection  with 
this  branch  of  the 
trade  Mr.  Ross 
conducts  a  gen- 
eral wholesale  busi- 
ness, dealing  in  teas, 
tobaccos,  and  vari- 
ous household  sup- 
plies. His  attention 
has  always  been  given  almost  wholly  to  his  business 
interests.  For  this  reason  he  has  had  neither  the  time 
nor  inclination  to  seek  political  honors,  but  for  many 
years  has  been  a  director  in  the  Ocean  National  Bank, 
and  a  trustee  of  the  Institution  for  Savings.  Mr.  Ross 
has  made  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  business  successes 
in  Massachusetts  —  a  success  that  is  due  solely  to  his 
own  industry  and  ability  and  to  his  faculty  of  recognizing 
opportunities  as  they  presented  themselves. 


332 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ALBERT  C.  TITCOMB  was  born  in  Newburyport 
in  1 83 1,  of  a  family  celebrated  in  the  annals  of 
the  town,  the  son  of  Francis  and  Sallie  1).  Titcomb. 
Receiving  a  common-school  education,  he  commenced 
business  life  as  a  clerk  in  a  dry  goods  store,  serving 
later  in  the  same  capacity  in  Boston.  The  California 
gold  fever  found  him  thus,  earning  scanty  wages,  but 
with  §50  he  secured  a  passage  on  the  brig  "  Charlotte," 
from  Newburyport,  working  out  the  balance  of  his  fare 
as  a  sailor  before  the 
mast.  On  July  23, 
1849,  he  landed  at 
San  Francisco  and 
spent  two  years  in 
mining,  but  without 
meeting  with  sudden 
fortune.  Removing 
to  Relejo,  Central 
America,  he  built  up 
a  business  as  a  ship- 
per, but  as  this  town 
was  soon  left  off  the 
main  line  of  travel 
and  was  speedily  de- 
populated, he  found 
his  investments  of 
little  value.  In  1852 
he  returned  to  his 
native  city,  learned 
the  machinist  trade, 
and  worked  at  that 
for  three  years.  In 
1855  he  started  as  a 
salesman  for  a  jewelry 
house,  and  in  a  short 
time  was  established 
for  himself  at  Mobile, 
.'\la.  The  breaking 
out  of  the  Civil  War 
again     ruined     him. 

He  left  Mobile  and  abandoned  a  property  of  $20,000  to 
confiscation,  besides  owing  large  sums  to  his  New  York 
creditors.  At  St.  Thomas  and  Curacoa,  in  the  same 
business,  he  retrieved  his  fortune  and  met  all  of  his 
former  obligations  in  full,  paying  gold  when  gold  was 
at  a  heavy  premium.  In  1868  he  again  journeyed  to 
San  Francisco.  For  seven  years  he  was  of  the  firm  of 
Titcomb  &  Williams,  wholesale  jewelers,  and  for  twelve 
years  conducted   the  business  alone,  retiring  in    1887 


ALBERT   C,    TITCOMB. 


with  an  ample  fortune,  and  returning  to  his  native  place 
to  spend  the  balance  of  his  life.  Since  1849  Mr. 
Titcomb  has  travelled  to  and  from  California  upwards 
of  forty  times,  once  going  by  way  of  Cape  Horn,  six 
times  through  Central  America  or  by  way  of  Panama, 
and  thirty-five  times  by  railroad.  At  the  municipal 
election  of  1887  he  was  honored  by  being  chosen  an 
alderman.  Three  months  after  taking  his  seat  he  was 
elected  mayor  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death 

of  William  H.  Huse, 
and  at  the  election 
the  next  fall  the  peo- 
ple endorsed  his  ad- 
ministration by  an 
overwhelming  vote. 
At  the  close  of  his 
term  he  declined  fur- 
ther political  and 
public  honors  to  give 
his  whole  attention 
to  the  duties  of  the 
treasurership  of  the 
Lam  son  Consoli- 
dated Store  Sen'ice 
Company,  to  which 
he  had  been  called. 
Mr.  Titcomb's  suc- 
cessful business  ex- 
perience and  rare 
judgment  have  been 
of  great  value  to  this 
company,  which, 
since  his  connection 
with  it,  has  reduced 
its  indebtedness 
nearly  half  a  million 
dollars  and  has  placed 
its  affairs  on  a  solid 
basis.  Recently  Mr. 
Titcomb  has  p  u  r- 
chased  one  of  the  historic  old  mansions  of  Newbury- 
port, and  is  putting  it  into  a  condition  for  a  comfortable 
and  elegant  home,  in  which  to  spend  his  remaining 
years,  surrounded  by  his  family  and  honored  by  his 
hosts  of  friends,  who  admire  no  less  than  they  respect 
him.  Few  men  in  Newburyport  have  suffered  so  many 
vicissitudes  of  fortune  as  has  Mr.  Titcomb,  or  have  so 
often  risen  superior  to  difficulties  that  have  come  be- 
tween them  and  success. 


NEWBURYPORT. 


333 


EDWARD    P.    SHAW   was    born    in    Newburyport, 
Sept.  I,  1 84 1.     At  an   early  age  he  developed  a 
keen  business   instinct,  and  when  but  fifteen  years  old 
commenced    his    career    as  a  hack  driver.     In   a   few 
years  he  was  proprietor  of  an   express   route  between 
Newburyport   and    Boston,  in  1870  was   a   partner   in 
the   old   mercantile   house  of   Sumner,  Swasey  &  Cur- 
rier,  succeeding   them    in   1878.      In    1879   Mr.  Shaw 
turned  his  attention  to   the  possibilities  of  summer  pas- 
senger traffic  on  the 
Merrimac  River,  and 
established  the  Peo- 
ple's Line  of  steam- 
ers.      \Vhen    the 
government  decided 
on    building    jetties 
at  the  mouth  of  the 
Merrimac,  Mr.  Shaw 
took   a   contract    t  o 
deliver  eighty  thou- 
sand   tons  of   stone, 
opened  a  new  quarry 
on  the    Mer  r  i  mac, 
and    successfully  ac- 
complished  the 
building  of  the  first 
instalment  of  the  un- 
dertaking.     At  that 
time  a  short  railroad 
line  connected  Salis- 
bury Beach  with  the 
Merrimac     River. 
This  railroad  Mr. 
Shaw   bought,    and 
thus   found    that 
branch  of  business  to 
which    he    is    pecul- 
iarly   adapted.     The 
Newburyport  & 
A  m  e  s  b  u  r  y   Street 

Railway,  in  which  the  city  held  a  large  majority  of  the 
stock,  coming  into  the  market  by  the  e.xpiration  of 
leases,  Mr.  Shaw  bought  it.  He  at  once  increased  its 
efficiency  and  value,  and  after  operating  it  for  a  time 
sold  it  to  a  syndicate.  He  then  turned  his  attention  to 
his  summer  traffic  property,  confident  that  it  had  not 
yet  been  developed  to  its  full  worth.  The  Black  Rocks 
&  Salisbury  Beach  Railroad  had  proved  one  of  the  best 
paying  lines  in  the  Commonwealth  in  proportion  to  capi- 


'rr 


EDWARD    P.    SHAW 


tal  invested.  This  line  he  took  as  a  nucleus  for  a 
system.  It  was  extended  up  the  beach  nearly  to  Hamp- 
ton River.  Then  he  built  a  line  back  into  Salisbury. 
From  that  point  Amesbury  was  soon  tapped,  Seabrook 
at  the  New  Hampshire  line,  and  later,  Newburyport. 
Meanwhile  he  had  constructed  a  line  to  Plum  Island  on 
the  other  bank.  Recently  the  system  has  been  further 
extended  by  connecting  Amesbury  and  Merrimac  with 
Haverhill,  making  a  line  thirty-three  miles  long.     Nor 

has   Mr.    Shaw   con- 
fined   his    efforts   to 
street   railroad    lines 
near   the    mouth    of 
the  Merrimac  alone. 
He    is    president   of 
the   Haverhill  & 
Amesbury,  Winches- 
ter (at  New  Haven), 
Hull,  and  New  Lon- 
don  street  railways  ; 
a  director  in  the 
Gloucester,  Norwich, 
Plymouth    &     King- 
ston ;     and    a   large 
owner  in  the  Worces- 
ter, Leicester  cS:  Spen- 
cer, Worcester& 
Millbury,  Natick, 
Danbury   &    Bethel, 
Augusta,      Hallowell 
and   Gardner,    New 
Haven&West 
Haven  railways.    He 
organized    the  New- 
buryport   Car   Com- 
pany,   manufacturers 
of  street  cars,  one  of 
the  important  indus- 
tries of  the  city,  and 
is   its  president,  and 
he  assured    the    success   of   other   projects  by  prompt 
action   and    readiness   with    financial  assistance.      Mr. 
Shaw  has  taken  a  prominent  part  in  public  life.     He 
was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature  in  the 
years  1881,  1882,  1888,  1889,  of  the  Senate  in  1892,  and 
has  been  re-elected  for  1893.     He  is  president  of  the 
Newburyport   Board    of    Trade,  and   a  director  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  and    a  large  owner  in  real  estate 
throughout  the  city. 


O     OGOOO     ;j005   0   030(>^0.5    0 


IN  population  Springfield  ranks  eighth  among  the  cities 
of  Massachusetts.  It  is  not  going  beyond  the 
bounds  of  truth,  however,  to  state  that  the  city  ranks 
second  only  to  Boston  in  importance.  Situated  as  it 
is  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  it  has  become  the 
metropolis  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley. 
It  is  one  of  the  most 
progressive  cities  in 
New  England  and  is 
one  of  the  prettiest 
and  best  governed. 
\\'ith  a  population  of 
44,179,  Springfield 
has  an  assessed  valu- 
ation of  $48,329,634, 
and  a  net  funded 
debt  of  only  $196,- 
500.  The  percent- 
age of  the  indebt- 
ed n  ess  to  the 
valuation  is  only  .40, 
and  the  tax  rate  is 
$12.50.  Statistics 
recently  gathered 
show  that  Springfield 
ranks  first  in  muni- 
cipal and  financial 
prosperity.  The 
United  States  .•\r- 
mory,  located  in  this 
city,  is  the  repre- 
sentative institution 
of  the  kind  in  the 
country,  and  it  is  to 
this,  with  the  excep- 
tion, perhaps,  of  the  railroads,  that  the  city  is  most  in- 
debted for  its  prosperity.  The  Armory  was  established 
by  act  of  Congress  in  1794,  and  the  government  now 
owns  the  title  to  three  hundred  acres  on  and  surround- 
ing the  site  where  the  Armory  stands.  Several  hundred 
hands  are  employed  here  by  the  government.  There 
are  two  manufacturing  interests  located  in  Springfield 
which  have  a  national  reputation.    These  are  the  Wason 


jLAWSON    SIBLEY 


Manufacturing  Company,  which  name  is  familiar  to 
everybody  who  has  ever  travelled  on  a  steam  railroad, 
and  the  Smith  &  Wesson  revolver  manufactory.  The 
Board  of  Trade,  the  Improvement  Association  and  the 
Christian  Industrial  and  Technical  School  are  three  of 

the  most  recent  in- 
stitutions which  are 
doing  the  greatest 
work  for  the  Spring- 
field of  to-day.  By 
the  former,  with  every 
representative  busi- 
ness man  on  the 
membership  roll,  no 
o  p  ij  <}  r  t  u  n  i  t  y  is  al- 
lowed to  [jass  unim- 
proved that  is  likely 
to  tend  toward  the 
city's  increased  finan- 
cial or  industrial 
prosperity.  The  Im- 
provement .Associa- 
tion has  a  member- 
ship of  nearly  four 
hundred  of  the  best 
citizens  of  the  town, 
and  its  object  is  just 
what  its  name  im- 
plies. The  effective- 
ness of  its  work  is 
best  illustrated  by 
t  h  e  beautiful  parks 
which  are  springing 
up  all  over  the  city. 
The  Christian  Indus- 
trial and  Technical 
School  is  a  free  institution  and  is  doing  a  good  work  in 
giving  a  thorough  scientific  and  industrial  education  to 
students  in  the  high  school  who  wish  to  learn  certain 
trades,  to  kindergarten  teachers,  to  manual  training-school 
teachers,  and  to  those  desiring  to  become  mechanical  or 
electrical  engineers.  In  other  respects  Springfield  offers 
advantages  in  the  matter  of  edticational  and  literary  ac- 
quirements that  are  second  to  none  in  the  country.    The 


SPRINGFIELD. 


335 


city  library  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  equipped  of 
libraries  for  students,  and  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  the  city  rank  high.  The  school  for  Christian  Work- 
ers, the  French  Protestant  College  and  the  International 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Training  School  are 
located  here.  The  first  white  men  to  see  that  portion 
of  the  Connecticut  Valley  in  which  Springfield  is  located 
were  John  Oldham  and  Samuel  Hall,  two  adventurous 
colonists  who  came  westward  from  Boston  in  1630. 
These  men  returned  with  glowing  descriptions  of  the 
country  through  which  they  had  passed,  and  in  1633 
William  Pynchon  received  the  consent  of  the  General 
Court  to  remove  to  the  Connecticut  River.  The  follow- 
ing year  he  came  to  this  section,  accompanied  by  his 
son-in-law,  Henry  Smith,  and  by  Mathew  Mitchell,  Jehu 
Burr,  William  Blake,  Edmund  Wood,  Thomas  Ufford 
and  John  Cable.  They  formed  a  municipal  organization 
and  from  that  organization  grew  the  present  municipality. 
The  settlement  was  known  as  "  the  Plantation  of 
Agawam  "  until  1640,  when  it  was  given  the  name  of 
.Springfield  in  honor  of  Mr.  Pynchon,  who  had  formerly 
lived  in  a  town  of  that  name  in  England.  The  date  of 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  is  shrouded  in  obscurity, 
if,  in  fact,  it  was  ever  incorporated.  Mr.  Bliss,  in  his 
address  delivered  at  the  opening  of  the  town  hall  in 
1828,  said  :  "After  searching  thoroughly  in  Massachu- 
setts and  Connecticut  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  the  town  was  never  incorporated."  The  town  was 
first  recognized  as  a  municipality  in  1641,  from  which 
time  it  was  known  as  "  the  town  of  Springfield  "  by  the 
Legislature.  Hon.  Lawson  Sibley  was  the  mayor  of 
Springfield  in  1892.  Springfield  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and  no  more  patriotic 
citizens  were  to  be  found  in  any  part  of  the  then  young 
country  than  in  this  city.  Prominent  among  the  num- 
ber who  figured  conspicuously  in  the  affairs  of  Western 
Massachusetts  at  that  time  was  Hon.  John  Worthington, 
whose  name  has  been  perpetuated  in  the  history  of  the 
city.  He  was  a  member  of  the  governor's  council, 
colonel  in  the  militia,  and  a  magistrate  of  distinction 
and  ability,  /^s  a  lawyer  he  won  a  name  and  wealth, 
and  was  called  one  of  the  "  Gods  of  the  Connecticut 
Valley."  Colonel  Worthington  owned  the  first  umbrella 
in  the  town  —  not,  however,  for  use  in  the  rain,  but  as  a 
sunshade.      A  prominent    representative    of    that   time 


and  about  the  last  of  the  "  silk  stocking,  short  breeches 
and  silver  shoe-buckled  gentry,"  was  Jonathan  Dwight. 
He  was  the  chief  mover  in  the  organization  of  the 
Unitarian  Church,  and  built  the  church  edifice  and  pre- 
sented it  to  the  society.  One  of  the  ablest  lawyers 
prior  to  the  Revolution  was  Jonathan  Bliss,  who  studied 
his  profession  with  Colonel  John  Worthington.  He 
represented  the  town  at  Boston  several  times,  and  in 
1768  was  stigmatized  as  one  of  the  famous  "  rescinders." 
.•\  measure  which  had  been  regarded  as  revolutionary 
in  its  character  had  been  passed  by  the  General  Court, 
and  when  the  king  and  council  called  for  the  rescinding 
of  the  action  seventeen  voted  aye,  Bliss  among  the 
number,  to  ninety  in  the  negati\e.  This  course  ren- 
dered him  somewhat  unpopular,  and  he  went  to  England 
and  subsequently  to  Fredericktown,  New  Brunswick, 
where  he  was  chosen  king's  attorney  and  afterwards 
chief  justice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench.  Among  the 
jjrominent  men  who  have  been  residents  of  Springfield, 
other  than  those  whose  names  have  already  been  men- 
tioned, were  Enos  Hitchcock,  D.  D.,  Calvin  Chapin, 
D.  D.,  \\'illiam  Harris,  D.  D.,  Hon.  Benjamin  F.  Wade, 
United  States  senator  from  Ohio,  Francis  Warriner,  an 
able  writer,  Worthington  Hooker,  M.  D.,  and  Hon. 
David  A.  Wells.  Slaveholders  lived  in  Massachusetts 
during  the  revolutionary  period  as  well  as  in  the  South, 
but  in  fewer  numbers.  Jonathan  Dwight  was  a  slave- 
holder to  the  extent  of  one  full-blooded  negro  named 
Andrew.  Mr.  Dwight,  it  is  said,  was  among  the  number 
who  doubted  the  policy  of  arming  against  Great  Britain, 
and  hearing  that  his  cattle  were  to  be  seized  by  the 
colonists,  he  dispatched  the  negro  Andrew  with  them 
to  Stafford,  Conn.  In  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century  a  runaway  slave  woman  from  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  came  to  Springfield,  bringing  her  son,  then  a 
small  boy.  She  subsequently  married  Old  Jack,  who 
had  been  a  slave  at  Longmeadow.  In  February,  1808, 
her  old  master,  Peter  Van  Geysling,  hearing  of  her 
whereabouts,  came  and  arrested  her.  The  case  caused 
considerable  excitement,  as  a  subscription  was  raised 
and  her  liberty  purchased  from  Mr.  Van  Geysling  for 
$100.  The  spirit  of  abolition,  which  manifested  itself 
at  such  an  early  period,  assumed  definite  shape  about 
the  year  1840,  when  an  abolition  organization  was 
formed. 


336 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


REV.   SAMUEL    GILES   BUCKINGHAM,   D.    D., 
is   not   only  the    eldest   clergyman,   in   point   of 
service  in  Springfield,  but  he  is  one  of  the  oldest  Con- 
gregational ministers  in  the  country,  his  term  of  service 
as  a  minister  having  extended  over  a  period  of  fifty-five 
years.     He  was  born  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  Nov.  i8,  1812, 
the  son  of  Deacon   Samuel    Buckingham   and   Joanna 
(Matson)  Buckingham.     His  father  traced  his  descent 
from  Thomas  Buckingham,  one  of  the  original  members 
of  the  colony  of  New 
Haven,  and  also  from 
Rev.  Thomas  Buck- 
ingham, of  Saylirook, 
who  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  Yale  Col- 
lege and  one  of   its 
rectors    during  the 
period  it  was  located 
a  t    Saybrook.     D  r . 
Buckingham  studied 
in  the  public  schools 
of    his    native    town 
and  at  the  academy 
at   Plainfield,    Conn. 
On    completing    his 
course   there  he  en- 
tered  Yale    College, 
graduating   in    1833, 
and     then     entering 
Yale  Theological 
Seminary,  from  which 
he  was  graduated,  in 
1836.    In  May,  1837, 
he  was  ordained  and 
settled   as  pastor   of 
the  Second  Congre- 
gational   Church    at 
Millbury,     Mass., 
where    he    remained 
ten  years.     In  1842 

the  South  Congregational  Church  was  organized  at 
Springfield,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Buckingham  was  invited  to 
become  its  pastor.  Feeling  it  his  duty  at  that  time  to 
remain  at  Millbury,  he  declined.  Rev.  Noah  Porter, 
LL.  D.,  afterwards  president  of  Yale  College,  and  a 
brother-in-law  of  Dr.  Buckingham,  accepted  the  charge, 
but  resigned  four  years  later,  when  another  urgent  call 
was  extended  to  Dr.  Buckingham.  This  time  he 
accepted,  and  was    installed  as  pastor   June   16,  1847. 


SAMUEL    G.    BUCKINGHAM 


Since  that  day  he  has  been  in  continuous  service  as  the 
head  of  the  parish,  and  has  seen  and  helped  its  growth 
from  a  young  and  feeble  organization  to  one  of  the 
largest,  most  powerful  for  good,  and  wealthiest  parishes 
in  the  State.  Under  his  guidance  the  spiritual  and 
material  interests  of  the  church  prospered,  and  instead 
of  the  three  Congregational  churches  which  were  in 
Springfield  when  he  came  to  the  city,  there  are  now 
nine.     In  1885  it  was  decided  to  give  him  an  assistant, 

and  Rev.  Edward  G. 
Selden  was  installed 
as  associate  pastor, 
since  which  time  he 
has  taken  charge  of 
the  greater  part  of 
the  active  work  of 
the  church.  Dr. 
Buckingham  re- 
ceived his  degree  of 
D.  D.  in  1869  from 
Yale.  For  many 
years  he  has  been 
one  of  the  trustees 
of  VVilliston  Semi- 
nary at  Easthamp- 
ton,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  corporate 
m  embers  of  the 
American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for 
Foreign  Missions. 
He  has  also  been 
active  in  many  chari- 
table   and    religious 

•^Mf     "ijy^ii^B^l  bodies,  and  has  held 

^^^Bjij^^:^    jB  office    in    m  any   of 

j^^^KS^^M  Jlk.^^k  them.      In    1867    he 

gave  an  address  en- 
titled "A  Memorial 
of  the  Pilgrim  Fath- 
ers," in  which  he  gave  a  splendid  exposition  of  the 
ideas,  religious  and  temporal,  which  animated  the  set- 
tlers who  landed  at  Plymouth  Rock.  Dr.  Buckingham 
has  also  delivered  many  addresses  before  religious  bodies 
on  various  topics,  religious  and  secular.  May  10,  1837, 
Dr.  Buckingham  married  Harriet,  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Nathaniel  \\.  Taylor,  jjrofessor  of  theology  at  the  Yale 
Seminary.  In  1863  Mrs.  Buckingham  died.  They  had 
one  daughter,  Harriet  Taylor  Buckingham. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


337 


FRPJDERICK  HUNTINCnON  (;ILI,ETT,  elected 
a  member  of  Congress  in   1892,  is  a  young  man 
witli  a  remarkably  good  political  record  behind  him  and 
with  a  brilliant  future  ahead.     He  was  born  at  Westfield 
in   1852,  and  is  the  son  of  Hon.  E.  B.  (Hllett,  one   of 
Massachusetts'  most  distinguished  lawyers,  and  an  orator 
of    no    little    ability.     His    mother    was   a  daughter    of 
James  Fowler,  a  prominent  citizen  of   Westfield.     He 
was  named  after  Bishop  Frederick    D.  Huntington,  of 
Syracuse,  N.  V.,  and 
Hadley,   Mass.,    who 
was   a   classmate    of 
his     father    at    Am- 
herst, and  a  life-long 
friend  of  the  family. 
Mr.     Gillett's     early 
education    was    ob- 
tained in  the  public 
schools   of  Westfield 
and  at   home    under 
the   guidance  of   his 
father,   who    took    a 
deep  interest  in    his 
progress.    The  young 
man  early  developed 
a  talent  for  graceful 
oratory  which  he  in- 
herited   fro  ni     h  i  s 
father.     After  leaving 
the     public     schools 
Mr.    Gillett    entered 
Amherst    College, 
from    which    he    was 
graduated    with    the 
class    of    1874.     Mr. 
Gillett  then  attended 
the    Harvard     Law 
School,    from    which 
he    was    graduated 
with  honors  in  1877. 

On  being  admitted  to  the  bar  Mr.  Gillett  began  the 
practice  of  law  in  Springfield  in  jjartnership  with  Judge 
E.  B.  Maynard.  Mr.  Gillett  at  once  manifested  a  deep 
interest  in  political  affairs,  and  during  his  residence  in 
Springfield  has  been  one  of  the  most  active  workers  in 
the  ranks  of  his  party.  In  1879  he  was  appointed 
assistant  attorney-general  by  the  late  Judge  Marston. 
On  receiving  this  appointment  Mr.  Gillett  removed  to 
Boston,  where  he  remained   until    1885.     He   resigned 


FREDERICK    H.    GILLETT 


his  position  as  assistant  attorney-general  in  1881,  after 
having  made  a  brilliant  record.  During  the  last  four 
years  of  his  residence  in  Boston  he  practised  law  in 
partnershij)  with  Judge  A.  L.  Soule.  On  his  return  to 
Springfield  Mr.  Gillett  took  an  office  with  his  father, 
and  owing  to  the  latter's  advanced  age  gradually  took 
charge  of  the  entire  practice.  Mr.  Gillett  did  not  have 
to  win  prominence  at  the  commencement  of  the  second 
period  of  his  life  in  Springfield.     It  had  already  come 

to    him.     He    was 
honored    with     an 
election   to    the 
Springfield  Common 
Council,  on    w  h  i  c  h 
board  he  served  two 
terms.     He  was  tlien 
elected      representa- 
tive   to    the  General 
Court,   in   which    he 
also    served    two 
terms.     He    was   a 
recognized  leader  in 
both  offices.     In  the 
Legislature    of    1892 
Mr.  Gillett  was  chair- 
man of  the  Judiciary 
Committee,  and    has 
probably    had     more 
influence    than    any 
other  Republican  in 
shaping     legislation. 
In   1892  Mr.   Gillett 
was    nominated     by 
the    Republicans    as 
their    candidate    for 
Congress    from     the 
second   district,  and 
he  was  elected  by  a 
large   majority.     Mr. 
Gillett  is  a  very  able 
lawyer,  an  elo(|uent  sjjcaker,  and  is  destined  to  shine  in 
any  public  position.     On  his  retirement  from  the  attor- 
ney-general's office  Mr.  Gillett  was  commended  by  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme   Court  bench  for  the  care   and 
ability  with  which  he  prepared  and  presented  his  cases. 
Mr.  Gillett's  friends  all  predict  for  him  an  active  and 
useful  congressional  career.     He  will  certainly  maintain 
the  high  standard  which  his  predecessors  m  the  district 
have  set,  and  reflect  credit  upon  his  constituents. 


338 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JAMES  KIRKHAM  is  the  oldest  bank  president  in 
Springfield.     There  are,  perhaps,  others  who  have 
been  identified  with  banking  interests  as  long  or  longer, 
but  none  who  have  been  continuously  in  harness  at  the 
head  of  a  bank  for  so  many  years.     He   is  considered 
one  of  the  safest  financiers  in  New  England.     Mr.  Kirk- 
ham  was  born  at  Newington,  Conn.,  April  24,  182 1,  the 
son  of  William  and  Sophia  (Leffingwell)  Kirkham.     He 
came  to  Springfield  with  his  parents  when  he   was  ten 
years  of  age,  and  at- 
tended  the   public 
schools.      He  was 
graduated    from    the 
high    school,  and   in 
1837  took  a  position 
as  clerk  w'th  Henry 
Sargent,  a  prominent 
jeweller.     Mr.    Kirk- 
ham   remained  in 
this     ])osition    until 
1845,  when  he  went 
into  the  business  in 
partnership  with  Earl 
Woodworth.      In 
1852  Mr.  Woodworth 
retired  from  the  firm, 
and  Mr.  Kirkham 
continued    the    busi- 
ness, with  his  brother 
William   for   a   part- 
ner, until  1857,  when, 
in  midst  of  the  mem- 
orable panic  he  was 
called    to   the   presi- 
dency of  the  Pynchon 
Bank,  of  which  he  had 
long   been    a   stock- 
holder and  director. 
He  remained  at  the 
head  of  this  bank  for 

five  years.  In  1863  the  First  National  Bank  was  formed, 
Mr.  Kirkham  being  elected  president  of  the  new  insti- 
tution. He  has  since  remained  the  president  of  the 
First  National.  The  First  National  was  the  first  bank 
to  apply  for  a  charter  under  the  new  provisions  that 
went  into  effect  through  the  war,  and  was  the  fourteenth 
to  receive  its  charter.  Although  Mr.  Kirkham's  finan- 
cial history  did  not  really  begin  until  he  became  presi- 
dent of  the  Pynchon  Bank,  he  had  long  before  won  a 


JAMES    KIRKHAM 


reputation  as  a  capable  and  sound  financier.     In  politics 
Mr.  Kirkham  is  a  Democrat.     He  was  president  of  the 
Common  Council  in  1856,  an  alderman  in  1883,  and  is 
at  the  present  time  a  member  of  the  Park  Commission. 
He  has  often  been  urged  to  take  other  ofifices,  but,  while 
always  taking  a  deep  interest  in  affairs,  has  preferred  to 
attend  closely  to    his  private   business.     Mr.  Kirkham 
has  been  one  of  the  most  prominent  factors  in  the  busi- 
ness growth  and  prosperity  of  Springfield.     He  is  con- 
nected   with   several 
local    business    con- 
cerns,   being    a   di- 

;  rector  of  the  follow- 

1  ■  , 

;  mg,   among    others  : 

■  The    Mutual    Fire 

I  Assurance      Associa- 

;  tion,  the   Springfield 

Street  Railway  Com- 
pany,  the  City 
Library  Association, 
and  the  Springfield 
Gas  Company.  He 
is  also  vice-president 
and  director  of  the 
Chemical  and 
George  C.  Gill  Pa- 
per companies  of 
Holyoke.  Mr.  Kirk- 
ham was  a  prime 
mover  in  the  estab- 
lishment and  incor- 
poration of  the  Oak 
Grove  Cemetery  As- 
sociation, and  has 
been  its  treasurer 
since  its  formation. 
'  He    is    treasurer   of 

the  French  Prot- 
estant College,  and 
president  of  the  .Ag- 
awam  Woollen  Company,  of  Agawam.  He  is  now  ( 1 8g 2 ) 
associated  with  John  Olmsted  in  the  ownership  of  Kirk- 
ham &  Olmsted's  block,  and  has  been  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  advance  of  real  estate  interests  in  the  city. 
In  1846  Mr.  Kirkham  was  married  to  Frances  Kirkham, 
daughter  of  John  B.  Kirkham.  They  have  one  son, — 
J.  W.  Kirkham,  of  Springfield.  Mr.  Kirkham  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  best  authorities  in  Springfield  on  all 
questions  relating  to  commerce  and  finance. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


339 


HENRY  STANLEY  HYDE,  one  of  the  best-known 
financiers  in  New  England,  has  been  president 
of  the  Agawam  National  Bank  for  over  twenty-two  years, 
and  it  is  in  a  large  measure  due  to  his  shrewd  and  able 
management  that  the  institution  has  taken  the  place  it 
has  among  the  national  banks  of  New  England.  The 
Agawam  was  incorporated  as  a  State  bank,  with  a  capital 
of  $100,000  in  1846,  but  was  reorganized  under  the 
National  Banking  Act  in  1865,  with  a  capital  of  $300,- 
000,  since  increased 
to  $500,000.  In 
1869  Mr.  Hyde  was 
called  to  the  presi- 
dency, and  he  has 
filled  the  position 
with  great  ability 
ever  since.  Mr. 
Hyde  was  born  at 
Mt.  Hope,  N.  Y., 
Aug.  1 8,  1837,  the 
son  of  Oliver  M.  and 
Julia  Ann  (Sprague) 
Hyde.  In  1840  he 
accompanied  his 
parents  to  Detroit, 
Mich.,  where  he  was 
educated  in  private 
schools  and  began 
work  in  a  banking 
h  o  u  s  e.  Afterwards 
he  studied  law  for  a 
while,  but  abandoned 
that  profession.  In 
1862  he  went  to 
Springfield,  where  he 
immediately  Viecame 
connected  with  the 
Wason  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  rail- 
way   car    builders, 

with  which  he  has  been  connected  ever  since.  In  1864, 
two  years  after  his  advent  into  the  company,  he  became 
treasurer  of  the  concern,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
Mr.  Hyde  is  also  connected  with  a  number  of  the  lead- 
ing business  concerns  of  Springfield,  being  president  of 
the  E.  Stebbins  Brass  Manufacturing  Company,  and  of 
the  Springfield  Printing  and  Binding  Company,  vice- 
president  of  the  Hampden  .Savings  Bank,  and  of  the 
New    England    Telephone    and  (Telegraph    Company, 


HENRV  S.    HYDE 


director  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
Company.  Mr.  Hyde  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Spring- 
field Steam  Power  Company,  and  a  director  in  several 
manufacturing  corporations  in  and  out  of  the  State.  He 
has  been  actively  interested  in  the  Springfield  Hospital 
since  its  establishment  as  a  city  hospital,  and  since  its 
incorporation  in  1883  has  been  the  president  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  In  politics  Mr.  Hyde  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  has  been  a  member  of  the  Common  Council 

and  Board  of  Alder- 
men at  various  times, 
and  has  represented 
his  district  in  the 
State  Senate.  He 
has  also  been  a 
member  of  the  State 
Central  Committee, 
and  of  the  Republi- 
can National  Com- 
mittee. In  1884  and 
1888  Mr.  Hyde  was 
delegate  to  the  Na- 
t  i  o  n  a  1  Republican 
Convention  at  Chi- 
cago. Mr.  Hyde  has 
been  prominent  in 
social  life,  being  a 
member  of  several 
fraternal  and  social 
organizations.  In 
his  business  affairs 
he  has  been  particu- 
larly identified  with 
the  .'\gawam  Bank 
and  the  ^V  a  s  o  n 
Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, having  paid 
less  attention  to  the 
numerous  other  con- 
cerns with  which  he 
is  connected.  Mr.  Hyile  has  been  married  twice,  the 
first  time  in  Springfield,  in  i860,  to  Jennie  S.  Wason, 
daughter  of  Thomas  W.  and  Sarah  Longley  Wason. 
Their  children  are  Jerome  W.,  Henry  S.,  Thomas  W. 
and  Fayolin  Hyde  ;  and,  in  1892,  to  Ellen  Trask  Chapin, 
daughter  of  Hon.  Eliphalet  Trask,  of  Springfield.  His 
residence  is  at  Brush  Hill  Farm,  in  West  Springfield. 
His  honorable  success  in  life  makes  him  one  of  the 
representative  men  of  Springfield, 


340 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


COLONEL   A.   H.   COE'ITING,  chairman  of   the 
executive    committee    of    the    Repubhcan    State 
Central   Committee,  is  a  yoimg  man  who  has  already 
won  a  reputation  for  political    shrewdness  and  clever 
management.      He    is   to-day  one    of   the    best-known 
Republicans  in  the  State,  and  is  one  of  the  most  able 
workers.     In  addition    to   his   duties   as   chairman,  he 
paid  especial  attention  to  the  campaign  in  the  western 
part  of  the  State  in  1892,  and  it  is  owing  to  his  untiring 
energy  and  zeal  that 
the  State  was  carried 
for   Harrison   by    so 
large    a   majority. 
Colonel  Goetting  has 
had  good  training  in 
the    political  school. 
Before  he  became  a 
citizen  of  Springfield 
he  was  a  resident  of 
Brooklyn,     N.  Y., 
where  he  took  a  most 
prominent  and  active 
part  in  the  campaign, 
which  resulted  in  the 
election  of  Seth  Low, 
now  president  of  Co- 
lumbia    College,    as 
mayor    of    the    chief 
city  of  Long  Island, 
and  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  New  York 
State    delegation    to 
the   Republican    Na- 
tional Convention  of 
1880,  which  included 
6uch  men  as  Ex- Pres- 
ident Chester  A.  Ar- 
thur,  who    was    t  h  e 
choice  of   that    con- 
vention    for      Vice- 
President,  and  Roscoe  Conkling.     When  he  removed  to 
Springfield  he  lost  none  of  his  interest  in  politics.     In 
every  campaign  in  which  he  has  taken  ])art,  his  business 
affairs  are  attended  to  after  he  has  attended  to  his  pub- 
lic duties.     Colonel  Goetting  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Republican  City  Committee  soon  after  he  became  a 
citizen  of  Springfield,  and  was  secretary  of  that  organi- 
zation  during   the   Blaine    campaign.     In    1889,   when 
William  H.Haile  was  nominated  for  lieutenant-governor. 


Colonel  Goetting  succeeded  him  as  member  of  the 
Republican  State  Committee.  It  was  a  tribute  to  the 
ability  of  the  new  member  that  he  was  placed  on  the 
executive  committee  of  the  State  Committee  immedi- 
ately after  his  election.  He  at  once  proved  his  fitness 
for  the  place  and  filled  the  position  so  well  that  he  has 
been  made  chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and 
has  from  the  first  been  recognized  as  a  leader.  At  the 
opening  of  the   campaign  of   1892   there  was  a  strong. 

movement  to  induce 
him    to    accept    the 
chairmanship  of  the 
State    Co  mmittee, 
but  he  was  too  mod- 
est to  accept.    When 
Colonel    Goetting 
went    to    Springfield 
he    engaged    in   the 
paper   and    leather 
goods  business,  which 
is  at  this  time  a  large 
and  rapidly  growing 
business.     He    w  o  n 
his  military  title  as  a 
member  of  the  staff 
of  Governor  John  (^. 
A.  Brackett  in  1889. 
During  his  service  in 
that  capacity  he  was 
elected  a  member  of 
the  Ancient  and  Hon- 
orable Artillery. 
Colonel   Goetting    is 
not   only    prominent 
in  the  political  affairs 
of  the  State,  but  also 
in  the  business  and 
social  life  of  Spring- 
field, and,  in  fact,  of 
the  entire  State.     He 
is  a  member  of  nearly  all  the  leading  institutions  of  the 
city  in  which  he  resides,  as  well  as  of  the  principal  politi- 
cal and  social  organizations  of  the  State.    Both  as  politi- 
cal   manager  and  as  business   man.   Colonel    Goetting 
enjoys  the  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  his  name 
has  been  frequently  mentioned  in  connection  with  higher 
political  honors  than  any  which  he  has  thus  far  been  in- 
duced to  accept.     His  friends  anticipate  for  him  a  long 
continued  career  of  honorable  activity  and  usefulness. 


A,    H,    GOETTING. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


341 


HOMER  FOOT,   one  of   the  men  to  whom  Spring- 
field owes  a  great  deal  of  its  material  prosperity, 
and  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  business  men 
of  the  western  part  of  the  State,  was  born  in  Springfield, 
July  27,  1 8 10,  on  the  site  of  the  United  States  Armory, 
his  father  being   master  armorer.     He  was  the  son  of 
Adonijah   and    Clarissa  (Woodworth)    Foot.     In    1825, 
when  he  was  only  fifteen  years  of  age,  his  father  died, 
and    he   became  a  clerk   in    the   general    store    of   the 
Dvvights,  at  the  cor- 
ner  of   Main    and 
State    streets.     He 
remained  there  until 
1 83 1,  when,  becom- 
ing of   age,  he  took 
charge   of   the    busi- 
ness.    At    various 
times  George  Dwight 
and    J.    B.    Stebbins 
were   in    partnership 
with  him.    On  assum- 
ing   control    of    the 
business,     Mr.    Foot 
confined  his  trade  ex- 
clusively to  hardware, 
iron   and  steel.     He 
was    probably    the 
first    in    New    Eng- 
land, outside  of  Bos- 
ton, to    make    this 
departure.     Mr.  Foot 
has  remained  in  this 
business  continu- 
ously since  that  time, 
the  present  firm  con- 
sisting of  himself  anil 
two   sons,  —  Homer, 
Jr.,    and    Frank 
Dwight    Foot.     In 
1847  Mr.  Foot  built 

Foot's  Block,  at  the  corner  of  Main  and  State  streets, 
which  was  one  of  the  finest  blocks  in  Springfield,  and  at 
the  present  time  stands  visible  as  a  monument  to  his 
public-spirited  enterprise.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
officers  of  the  Chicopee  National  Bank,  and  has  been 
connected  with  the  Pynchon  National  Bank  since  it  was 
founded,  being  at  present  a  director.  He  has  also  been 
auditor  of  the  Springfield  Institution  for  Savings  for 
forty-five  years.     In  1857  the  nomination  of  lieutenant- 


HOMER    FOOT 


go\ernor  was  forced  upon  Mr.  Foot  by  the  Whigs  and 
the  American  party.  Mr.  Foot  declined  the  honor,  but 
his  declination  was  not  accepted.  Neither  of  the  par- 
ties was  strong  enough  to  elect  any  candidate  at  that 
time,  and  Mr.  Foot  did  not  insist  upon  having  his  name 
taken  off  the  ticket.  In  politics  he  is  an  Independent, 
and  has  always  been  reluctant  to  take  office,  although  at 
one  time  he  consented  to  serve  as  overseer  of  the  poor. 
Mr.  Foot  was  for  many  years  treasurer  of  the  Hampden 

AVatch  Company,  and 
it  was  largely  through 
his    efforts    that    the 
concern  acquired  its 
extensive  reputation. 
He    finally    disposed 
of  his  interest  in  this 
concern,  and  a  short 
time    afterwards    i  t 
was  removed    from 
Springfield    to   Can- 
ton, Ohio.     Mr.  Foot 
was  married  to  Delia 
Dwight,  daughter  of 
James  Scutt  Dwight, 
in  1834.     They  have 
had    ten   children  — 
seven  sons  and  three 
daughters,  all    of 
whom,  with    the   ex- 
ception of   one  son, 
are  still  living.     The 
family  is  remarkable 
for  its    longevity. 
Mr.    Foot    is    now 
eighty-two  years  old. 
His  mother  lived  to 
the    age    of  jiinety- 
four,  and  most  of  the 
other   members  of 
the  family  lived  to  a 
ripe  old  age.     Mr.  Foot's  sons  are  Emerson,  Cleveland, 
James,    Sandford,    Homer   and    Francis    Dwight.      His 
daughters  are  Mrs.  Leonard  Ware,  of  Roxbury,  Mass., 
and  Maria  and  Delia  Dwight  Foot.     Not  many  men  in 
New  England  have  remained  so  long  —  over  sixty  years 
—  in  the  same  line  of  business,  or  have  a  more  honor- 
able record  of  success.     Mr.  Foot  is  now  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  the  fruits  of  his  labors,  surrounded  by  his  hosts 
of  friends. 


342 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JUDGE  WILLIAM  STEELE  SHURTLEFF  has, 
with  one  or  two  exceptions,  been  on  the  bench 
longer  than  any  other  judge  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  appointed  judge  of  probate  and  insolvency  for 
Hampden  County  by  Governor  Andrew  in  1863.  He 
has  a  peculiar  military  record.  Entering  the  army  soon 
after  the  war  broke  out,  as  a  private  in  Company  A, 
Forty-sixth  Regiment,  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  he 
was  made  lieutenant  at  company  election,  and  at  organ- 
izing the  field  and 
staff  was  promoted 
to  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  af te  r  s  ervice 
of  three  months 
in  the  field  was 
promoted  to  the 
colonelcy.  He  was 
born  at  N  e  w  b  u  r  g , 
\'t.,  Feb.  17,  1830. 
He  was  the  son  of 
Roswell  and  Clara 
(Gleason)  Shurtleff. 
He  is  seventh  in  di- 
rect descent  from 
William  Shurtleff 
(sometimes  called 
Shircliffe,  of  Eccles- 
field,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land ) ,  who  came 
with  the  Pilgrims  in 
the  next  vessel  after 
the  "  Mayflower."  In 
1839,  after  three 
years'  residence  in 
Rochester,  N.  Y., 
he  went  to  Springfield 
with  his  parents  and 
was  educated  in  pri- 
vate schools  in  that 
city  and  at  Williston 

Seminary  at  Easthampton,  from  which  he  entered  Vale 
in  the  class  of  1854.  After  leaving  college  he  studied 
law  in  the  office  of  that  famous  Massachusetts  congress- 
man, George  Ashmun,  and  at  the  Harvard  Law  School. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Hampden  County  in 
1856,  forming  a  partnership  with  the  late  Judge  Henry 
Vose,  and  after  the  latter  went  on  the  Superior  Court 
bench,  with  George  Walker,  lately  consul-general  at 
Paris.     His   judicial    position    made    him    ineligible  to 


WILLIAM    S.    SHURTLEFF 


most  other  public  offices.  He,  however,  served  three 
years  in  the  Common  Council  of  Springfield,  from  1875 
to  1878,  and  has  been  prominently  identified  with 
measures  and  movements  affecting  the  best  interests  of 
the  city.  He  was  in  early  life  a  prominent  Mason,  hav- 
ing for  a  period  been  master  of  Hampden  Lodge,  high 
priest  of  Morning  Star  Chapter,  and  commander  of 
Springfield  Encampment  of  Knights  Templar  at  one 
and  the  same  time.     He  is  vice-president  of  the  State 

Board  of  Public  Res- 
ervations, created  in 
1 89 1  for  the  preser- 
vation of  places  of 
historical  interest 
and  natural  beauty ; 
a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  His- 
torical Society ;  vice- 
president  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley 
Historical  Society ;  a 
director  of  the  City 
Library  Association ; 
a  member  of  the 
Grand  Army ;  was 
president  of  the 
VVinthrop  Club,  the 
leading  social  organ- 
ization of  the  city  for 
four  years,  and  was 
for  two  years  presi- 
d  e  n  t  of  the  Yale 
Alumni  Association 
o  f  Western  Massa- 
chusetts. For  thirty- 
f  o  u  r  years  h  e  has 
been  the  counsel  for 
the  Springfield  Insti- 
tute for  Savings.  He 
delivered  the  ode 
when  Springfield  celebrated  its  two  hundred  and  fiftieth 
anniversary,  the  Memorial  Day  ode  in  1878  in  New 
York  City,  an  address  at  the  dedication  of  the  Wallace 
Library,  at  Fitchburg,  and  the  orations  at  the  dedications 
of  soldiers'  monuments  at  Springfield  and  Belchertown. 
He  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  poems  which  have  been 
published  in  magazines  and  journals.  He  was  married 
to  Clara  Dwight,  of  Springfield,  in  1857.  They  have 
had  two  children,  both  daughters,  one  of  whom  is  living. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


343 


GIDEON    WELLS,  one  of  the  ablest  lawyers  \\'est- 
ern  Massachusetts  has  ever  had,  was  born,  Aug. 
i6,  1835,  at  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  the  son  of  Romanta 
and  Mary  Ann   (Morgan)  Wells.     He  fitted  for  college 
at  the  East  Windsor  Hill  School,  at  Easthampton,  and 
was  graduated  from  Yale   with  the  class  of  1858.     He 
then  went  to  Springfield  and  began  reading  law  in  the 
office  of  Cha]5man  &  Chamberlain,  being  admitted  to 
the  Hampden  County  bar  in   i860.     Later,  the    same 
year,  "Mr.   Chapman 
was   called    to   the 
bench    and     Mr. 
Chamberlain    moved 
to      Hartford,     t  h  e 
business  of  the  part- 
nership passing  into 
the    hands  of  a  new 
firm,    composed^  of 
Mr.    ^^■ells,     George 
Ashmun    and    N.   .\. 
Leonard.     Mr.    .Ash- 
mun presided  at  the 
convention    held    in 
Chicago  which  nom- 
inated    Lincoln    for 
the     presidency, 
.-^fter  Lincoln  was  in- 
augurated   he    spent 
much  time  in  Wash- 
ington in  connection 
with       government 
affairs.     The  firm  of 
Leonard    &    W'ells 
continued,    however, 
for    many    years, 
although    from    1 869 
to    1876    Mr.    \\ells 
served    as     registrar 
in    bankruptcy,    and 
from    1876    to    1890 

as  judge  of  the  Police  Court.  In  the  latter  position  his 
sound  rulings  on  perplexing  points  have  passed  into  his- 
tory. This  place  he  resigned  to  become  president  of 
the  Holyoke  Water  Power  Company,  for  which  com- 
pany he  had  long  acted  as  attorney.  Mr.  Wells  has 
been  a  director  of  the  Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  In- 
surance Company  since  1S77,  and  is  attorney  for  that 
corporation  as  well  as  for  the  Springfield  Street  Railway 
Company.     He  is  also  director  of  the  John  Hancock 


GIDEON    WELLS 


and  Third  National  banks,  and  of  several  Southern  and 
^Veste^n  electric  and  irrigation  companies,  in  which  the 
insurance  company  is  interested.  Mr.  Wells  is  nomi- 
nally the  attorney  for  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
and  has  been  connected  in  an  official  capacity  with  a 
variety  of  minor  business  and  philanthropic  organiza- 
tions. In  1889  the  firm  of  Wells,  McClench  &  Barnes 
was  formed,  but  Mr.  Wells  has  virtually  retired  from  the 
partnership,    although    his   name    is    retained.     He    is 

devoting     himself 
principally    to    the 
affairs  of   the   Water 
Power    Company, 
and    the    Massachu- 
setts   Mutual    Life 
Insurance  Company, 
although    he   o  c  c  a  - 
sionally  accepts  a 
case    for   an   old 
client.     Mr.  Wells, 
with    his   busy  pro- 
fessional life,  has  not 
found   much  time  to 
hold     office,     but 
served    in    the    City 
Council  in  1865  and 
1866,    as    a  member 
from    W  a  r  d    T  w  o. 
He  is  best  known  to 
the     public     by    his 
connection  with   the 
lower  criminal  tribu- 
nal.   "Judge  "Wells, 
as    he    is    called,    is 
possessed  of  a  great 
capacity   for  "work, 
and    excels    in    pre- 
paring   important 
cases  requiring   a 
broad     and    deep 
legal    knowledge.     He    has   an    honorable   war   record, 
having  enlisted    in  Company  A,  of  Springfield,  of    the 
Forty-sixth    Regiment.     He  served   as   first   lieutenant 
under  Captain  Lewis  A.  Tifft,  also  in  the  same  capacity 
in  the  Eighth.     Mr.  Wells  has  well-developed  agricul- 
tural tastes,  and  of  late  years  has  been  the  owner  of  a 
farm  in  Agavvam,  the  products  of  which  are  of  notable 
size  and  quality.     Mr.  W'ells  married  Marietta  Gilbert, 
Oct.  I,  1875,  and  they  have  one  son. 


344 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN  OLMSTED,  president  of  the  Springfield  Street 
Railway  Company,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
business  men  of   Springfield.     Although    past    seventy- 
two   years  of   age,  he    is   one  of  the    most  active  and 
energetic    men   in    AVestern    Massachusetts.     He    was 
born  in  Enfield,  Conn.,  June  i,  1820,  and  obtained  his 
earlier  education  in  the  schools  of  that  town,  supple- 
mented by  courses  at  Wilbraham  and  Westfield  Acade- 
mies.    When  twenty  years  old  he  was  a  manufacturer  of 
tinware  and  a  dealer 
in  paper  stock  in  his 
native  town.     He  re- 
mained in  this  busi- 
ness  about    twelve 
years,  when  he  sold 
out    on    account   of 
failing    health.      He 
lived    at    S  o  m  e  r  s , 
Conn.,   until    i860, 
when   he    came    to 
Springfield,  where  he 
has  since  lived.     In 
this  city  he  formed  a 
par  t  nersli  ip    with 
Lewis    H .   Taylor. 
The  business  was 
cotton    batting,    cot- 
ton waste,  and  paper 
stock.     After   a   few 
years   M  r  .   Olmsted 
bought  Mr.  Taylor's 
interest  and  con- 
ducted  the  business 
alone.     In     1880 
Frank  E.  Tuttle  be- 
came associated  with 
him,    and    the    busi- 
ness   soon    grew    to 
such  an  extent    that 
in    1888    it   was    re- 
moved to  Chicopee  and  organized  as  the  Olmsted  & 
Tuttle  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Olmsted  is  president  and 
Mr.  Tuttle  treasurer.     While  the  cotton  waste  business 
has  been  Mr.  Olmsted's  chief  interest  during  his  resi- 
dence in  Springfield,  his  success  in  that  by  no  means 
indicates  his  entire  activity.     He   has  for  many  years 
been  president  of  the  Street  Railway  Company.     Under 
his  administration  the  capital  stock  has  been  increased 
from  fifty  thousand  dollars  to  one   million  dollars,  and 


the  shares  have  greatly  increased  in  value.  Mr.  Olm- 
sted has  been  an  excellent  manager,  both  for  his  fellow- 
stockholders  and  for  the  ptiblic,  who  have  better  accom- 
modations than  are  furnished  any  other  city  of  the  size. 
In  politics  Mr.  Olmsted  is  a  Republican.  He  has  never 
been  an  office  seeker  and  a  very  reluctant  office  taker. 
He  has  served  in  both  branches  of  the  City  Council  — 
two  years  in  the  lower  board  and  four  years  in  the 
upper.     In  1S83  he  was  a  representative  to  the  Ceneral 

Court.  No  man 
stands  higher  in  the 
local  business  world 
than  does  Mr.  Olm- 
sted. H  is  word 
passes  unchallenged, 
for  whatever  he 
promises  he  will  per- 
form. He  has  borne 
no  small  part  in  the 
material  develop- 
ment of  Springfield, 
and  is  a  large  owner 
jC       i  of   rC'^'   estate.     His 

iir    .v5M  holdings    include     a 

valuable  business 
block  and  a  large 
number  of  houses 
and  tenements.  He 
is  a  director  of  the 
First  National  Piank, 
of  the  United  Elec- 
tric Light  Company, 
of  the  Indian  Or- 
chard Company,  of 
the  Union  Newspaper 
Company,  trustee  of 
the  Ham])den  Sav- 
ings Bank  and  vice- 
president  of  the  City 
Library  Association. 
He  is  a  generous  donor  to  public  and  private  charities, 
and  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  every  move- 
ment having  for  its  object  the  welfare  and  growth  of 
Springfield.  Mr.  Olmsted  married  Rhodelia  E.  Lang- 
don,  of  Somers,  Conn.,  in  1842,  and  to  her  advice  and 
assistance  he  attributes  largely  his  success  in  life.  Mrs. 
Olmsted  died,  Sept.  29,  1891,  leaving,  besides  her  hus- 
band, two  daughters,  —  Mrs.  Henry  J.  Beebe  and  Mrs. 
Frank  H.  Goldthwait,  both  of  Springfield. 


JOHN    OLMSTED 


SPRINGFIELD. 


345 


Ri;V.  DR.  WILLIAM  RICE  is  prominently  identi- 
.     fied  with  the  literary  life  of  Springfield.     He  has 
been  secretary  and  librarian  of  the  City  Library  Associa- 
tion for  thirty-one  years,  and  has  had  the  entire  charge 
of   the  selection  and  classification  of   the  books.     His 
wide  range  of  reading,  liberal  views,  cultivated  taste  and 
sound  judgment  have  fitted  him  eminently  for  this  work, 
and  it  is  to  his  efforts  largely  that  the  City  Library  of 
Springfield  has  attained  so  high  a  rank  among  the  libra- 
ries of   the  country. 
Dr.    Rice   was   born 
in  Springfield,  March 
10,  1821,  the   son  of 
\Villiam  and  Jerusha 
(Warriner)     Rice. 
He   is  a  descendant 
of   Ed  m  und   Rice, 
who  settled  in    Sud- 
bury, Mass.,  in  1639. 
His   father  came   to 
Springfield   in    1817, 
Mr.    Rice    received 
his  earlier  education 
in  the  public  schools 
of   Springfield,    after 
which    he    attended 
the  Wesleyan  Acad- 
emy  at    VVilbraham, 
graduating  from  that 
institution    with 
honor  at   the  age  of 
nineteen.       In    1841 
he  entered  the  min- 
istry of    the   Metho- 
d  i  s  t    Episcopal 
Church,   and    served 
as  pastor  of   several 
large  and  influential 
churches.      He     re- 
tired from  the  active 

ministry  in  1857,  owing  to  impaired  health,  and  re- 
turned to  Springfield.  Dr.  Rice  was  elected  to  the 
(Jeneral  Conference  of  the  church  in  1856,  and  took  an 
active  part  in  the  great  controversy  regarding  slavery  in 
the  church.  Ten  years  later  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  General  Conference,  and  was  a  prominent  member 
of  the  committee  appointed  for  the  revision  of  the  hymn 
book,  and  was  the  editor  under  whose  supervision  the 
"  Methodist  Hymnal  "  was  published.     The  degree  of 


WILLIAM    RICE. 


A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Wesleyan  University 
of  Middletown,  Conn.,  in  1853,  and  in  1876  the  same 
institution  ga\e  him  the  degree  of  D.  I).  For  many 
years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  university,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Wesleyan  Academy. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  for 
eighteen  years,  and  for  the  same  length  of  time  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Springfield  School  Board.  At  the  last  annual 
meeting  of  the  City  Library  Association  Dr.  Rice  was 

honored  by  a  resolu- 
tion unanimously 
adopted  to  name  the 
wfH  art  building  after 
him.     At   Dr.    Rice's 
urgent    request    this 
resolution    was    re- 
called,   but    another 
was  adopted  —  that 
"  the  present  library 
building  of   the  City 
Library     Association 
shall    be    known 
henceforth    as    the 
William  Rice  Build- 
ing, in  honor  of  the 
man  whose  devotion 
to   the   city  and   the 
institution      inspired 
its    erection,   and 
whose    service    has 
filled  it  with  treas- 
ures  of   knowledge 
and  wisdom  for  the 
free    use    of    all   the 
people."     In     1843 
Dr.    Rice  jnarried 
Caroline  L.,  daughter 
of  William  North,  of 
Lowell.     Their   chil- 
dren are, —  Rev.  Wil- 
liam North  Rice,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  professor  in  the  Wes- 
leyan LIniversity  ;  Edward   H.  Rice,  A.  M.,  for  several 
years  a  teacher  in  the   public  schools ;  Rev.   Charles   F. 
Rice,  A.  M.,  a  minister   in   the    Methodist   Episcopal 
Church  ;  and  Caroline  L.  Rice,  A.  M.,  wife  of  Professor 
Morris  B.  Crawford,  of  the  Wesleyan  University.      Dr. 
Rice's  influence  for  good  has  been  felt  far  beyond  the 
limits  of  Springfield,  with  whose  intellectual  and  moral 
life  his  name  will  ever  be  associated. 


546 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EVERE'lT  HOSMER  BARNEY,  through  a  magnifi- 
cent gift  to  the  city  of  Springfield,  has  placed  his 
name  among  those  that  will  never  be  forgotten.  In 
1882  he  purchased  one  hundred  and  ten  acres  of  land 
in  the  southern  part  of  Springfield,  adjoining  what  is 
known  as  Forest  Park,  and  built  a  handsome  residence 
on  a  site  commanding  a  picturesque  view  of  the  Con- 
necticut River  and  valley.  The  grounds  were  laid  out 
with  artistic  skill,  and  are  adorned  by  many  rare  and 
valuable  plants  which 
Mr.  Barney  imported 
from  Europe,  Egypt, 
China,  Japan  and 
India.  Mr.  Barney 
intended  that  this 
beautiful  home 
should  pass  to  his 
only  child,  George 
Murray,  but  the 
young  man's  death 
in  1889,  when  he  was 
only  twenty-six  years 
of  age,  decided  Mr. 
Barney  to  present  the 
estate  to  the  city  as 
a  memorial  of  his 
son,  reser\  ing  the 
right  to  occupy  it  as 
a  home  during  hi  s 
lifetime.  By  this  gift, 
which  is  located  ad- 
jacent to  the  already 
beautiful  park, 
Springfield  will  have 
a  park  surpassed  for 
rustic  scenery,  rare 
trees  and  i>lants, 
ponds,  brooks  and 
drives,  by  no  other 
park  in  the  country. 

Mr.  Barney,  with  a  rare  spirit  of  generosity,  is  constantly 
improving  his  estate,  and  intends  to  have  its  \alue 
greatly  enhanced  before  it  goes  into  the  possession  of 
the  city.  Mr.  Barney  was  born  at  Framingham,  Dec. 
7,  183s,  the  son  of  Jaries  S.  and  Harriet  (Hosmer)  Bar- 
ney. His  father  was  a  manufacturer  of  machinery  for 
woollen  mills  at  Saxonville,  and  made  several  important 
improvements  in  looms  and  spinning  machinery,  which 
are  still  used  in  some  of  the  largest  mills  in  the  country. 


EVERETT    H.    BARNEY. 


Everett  Hosmer  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  academy  at  Framingham,  and  followed  his  father's 
business  until  185 1,  when  he  engaged  as  a  contractor 
on  locomotive  work  at  Hinkley  &  Drury's,  in  Boston. 
It  was  while  working  there  that  Mr.  Barney  conceived 
the  idea  of  fastening  skates  by  a  metal  clamp,  dispens- 
ing with  the  old  method  of  straps  and  buckles.  He 
took  out  his  first  patent  in  1864,  after  which  followed  a 
series  of   i>atents.     In  the  same  year  James  C.  Warner, 

of  Springfield,  having 
a  large  government 
contract  for  guns,  en- 
gaged Mr.  Barney  to 
complete  the  con- 
tract. At  the  close 
of  the  war  Mr.  Bar- 
ney turned  his  at- 
tention to  his  own 
inventions,  a  n  d  to 
the  manufacture  of 
them.  He  formed  a 
partnership  with  Mr. 
Berry,  an  old  friend 
who  had  worked  with 
him  for  several  years, 
and  hired  the  prop- 
erty vacated  by  Mr. 
Warner.  At  the  end 
of  two  years  Mr. 
Barney  bought  out 
Mr.  Berry's  interest, 
but  retained  the  firm 
name  of  ISar.iey  & 
Berry.  The  business 
grew  ra])idlv,  and 
Mr.  Barney  built  the 
present  mill,  which  is 
equipped  with  every 
modern  improve- 
ment, and  his  skates 
have  a  world-wide  reputation.  In  1868  Mr.  Barney 
invented  a  perforating  machine  for  stamping  out  the 
amoimt  payable  on  bank  checks,  and  obtained  a  patent 
for  that.  The  machine  stam]3s  out  any  amount,  and  also 
stamps  out  such  words  as  "cancelled,"  "paid,"  etc.  Mr. 
Barney's  eminent  sticcess  in  the  business  world  and  his 
public-spirited  generosity  conspire  to  make  of  him  one 
of  the  thoroughly  representative  men  not  only  of  Massa- 
chusetts l)ut  of  New  England. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


347 


RICHARD  F.  HAWKINS  is  a  man  whom  the  citizens 
of  Springfield  have  time  and  again  sought  to  honor 
with  political  office,  but  who  has  steadfastly  refused  to  step 
beyond  the  bounds  of  private  life,  excepting  in  two  or 
three  instances  where  he  considered  it  his  duty  to  do  so. 
Mr.  Hawkins  is  a  representative  man  of  the  times.     He 
was  born  in  Lowell,  Mass.,  March  g,  1837,  but  removed 
to  Springfield  with  his  family  at  an  early  age.     When 
sixteen  years  old  he  was  graduated  from  the  Springfield 
High  School  and  be- 
gan work  as  an  office 
boy  for  Stone  &  Har- 
ris,   railroad    bridge 
builders.      He    con- 
tinued  with    them 
until  1862,  when  Mr. 
Stone  retired  and  Mr. 
Hawkins,  in  partner- 
ship with  D.  L.  Har- 
ris,   continued    t  h  e 
business.      In  1867 
M  r.    Harris  retired, 
and     Mr.     Hawkins 
absorbed    the   entire 
business,   under   the 
name   of   the    R.   F. 
Hawkins  Iron  Works. 
He   has    since    con- 
tinued   the    business 
without  a  change,  and 
has  greatly  increased 
the  volume   of  the 
business.     When  Mr. 
Hawkins  first  became 
a  member  of  the  firm 
the    building   of  the 
Howe    truss    bridge 
was    the    principal 
business  carried  on. 
Prior    to    this    time 

nothing  but  wooden  bridges  had  been  built.  Mr.  Haw- 
kins began  the  construction  of  iron  bridges,  and  for  many 
years  has  constructed  only  those.  Mr.  Hawkins  is  a 
natural  mechanic,  and  to  him  should  be  credited  in  con- 
siderable measure  the  development  of  the  use  of  iron  as 
a  building  commodity  in  New  England.  In  addition 
to  bridges  he  has  conceived  and  turned  out  a  large 
quantity  of  the  iron  and  steel  material  used  in  the  con- 
struction   of  the   railroads  and  locomotives  of  to-day. 


W^. 


His  business  has  grown  until  he  is  proprietor  of  one  of 
the  leading  industries  of  the  city.  Among  the  structures 
that  stand  as  fair  examples  of  his  work  are  the  New 
Bedford  and  Springfield  jails,  which  are  constructed 
largely  of  iron.  Among  the  other  notable  structures  for 
which  Mr.  Hawkins  is  responsible  is  the  Willimansett 
bridge,  near  Holyoke,  eight  hundred  feet  in  length. 
This  bridge  is  built  of  iron,  and  was  constructed  at  the 
expense  of  the  city  of  Holyoke  and  neighboring  towns. 

He  also  constructed 
the  North  ampton 
bridge  for  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Central 
Railroad.     This   is 
an    iron  bridge,  and 
is  one  thousand  five 
hundred  feet    in 
length.      Mr.    Haw- 
kins is  a  Republican, 
and    has   frequently 
been    the   choice    of 
t  h  e  party  managers 
for  mayor,  but  he  has 
ne\er   been  induced 
to  accept  the  nomi- 
nation, for  the  reason 
that    he    would    be 
compelled  to  neglect 
either   the   office    or 
liis  private  business. 
He  was  an  alderman 
for   three   years,  and 
is  at  the  present  time 
a  w  a  t  e  r  c  o  m  m  i  s  - 
sioner.      Mr.    Haw  - 
kins    is   one    of    the 
most  active  members 
of  the  Board  of  Trade 
and  one  ofthe  direc- 
tors.    He    is   also   a 
member  of  the  Financial  Committee  of  the  Hampden 
Savings  Bank.     Mr.  Hawkins  was  married  on  Sept.  3, 
1862,  to  Cornelia  Morgan,  daughter  of  A.  B.  and  Sarah 
(Cadwell)    Howe.      They    have    five  children, —  Paul, 
Florence,    Edith,  Ethel    and   David    Hawkins.     In    all 
matters  relating   to  the  scientific   construction  of  iron 
bridges    Mr.  Hawkins    is  considered    one    of   the    best 
authorities  in  the  country,  and  his  opinion  is  held  in 
high  esteem  by  experts  in  the  same  line  of  work. 


^yy^yi-'-.j^^pyy 


RICHARD    F.    HAWKINS. 


348 


AfASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE    C.    FISK,    the    president    and    general 
manager,  and  the  largest  individual  stockholder 
of  the  Wason   Manufacturing  Compan}'  of  Springfield, 
was  born  at  Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  March  4,  1831,  the  son  of 
Thomas   T.    Fisk.      He    was    educated    in    the    public 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
began  work  in  a  general  store  in  that  town.     Mr.  Fisk 
had  a  strong  inclination  toward  mechanics,  and  in  1S51 
went  to  Springfield,   where  he  hoped  to  find  a  better 
opportunity  for  carv- 
ing  out    his  fortune 
than  was  to  be  found 
in   Hinsdale.      Not 
finding  just  what  he 
wanted    at    first,    he 
went  West.     On   ar- 
riving at   Cleveland, 
Ohio,    he   became  a 
book  agent.  For 
some    time    he    sold 
"Uncle      Tom's 
Cabin."  He  returned 
to  Springfield  in  1S52 
and    became    book- 
ie e  e  p  e  r    and    pay- 
m aster   for   T.    W. 
Wason   &  Co.     In 
1854    Mr.    Fisk   se- 
cured a   partnership 
interest  in  the   con- 
cern, and  when    the 
company  was  incor- 
porated he  was  made 
the  treasurer.    A 
short  time  afterward 
he  was  elected  vice- 
president,  and  when 
T.    W.    Wason,   the 
founder  of  the  com- 
pany, dietf  in   1870, 

Mr.  Fisk  was  chosen  ])resident  and  general  manager, 
which  position  he  still  holds.  When  Dr.  J.  G.  Holland 
moved  from  Springfield  to  New  York,  Mr.  Fisk  pur- 
chased the  poet's  house,  Brightwood,  which  is  one  of 
the  finest  estates  in  Springfield.  Mr.  Fisk  is  also  half 
owner  and  president  of  the  Fisk  Soap  Works,  which  is 
under  the  management  of  his  brother,  Roger  W.  Fisk  ; 
is  a  large  owner  and  president  of  the  Springfield  Steam 
Power   Company,   and    proprietor   of    the    Brightwood 


GEORGE   C.    FISK 


Pai)er  Mills,  at  Hinsdale,  N.  H.  In  1885  Mr.  Fisk  built 
what  is  now  known  as  the  Casino  at  Brightwood,  as  an 
entertainment  hall,  in  which  entertainments  for  the 
amusement  of  the  residents  of  that  section  of  the  city 
are  frecjuently  given.  It  is  conducted  wholly  by  ama 
teurs,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  private  theatres  in 
America.  Brightwood,  while  a  i)art  of  the  city  of 
Springfield,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  prosper- 
ous villages  in  New  England,  and  its  beauty  and  pros- 
perity are  chiefly  due 
to  Mr.  Fisk's  enter- 
prise and  public 
spirit.  There  are  a 
number  of  industries 
located  at  Bright- 
wood,  of  which  the 
^V  a  s  o  n  Manufactur- 
ing Company  is  the 
chief.  The  works, 
comprising  some  ten 
or  twelve  immense 
one  and  two  story 
brick  and  frame 
buildings,  cover 
about  eight  acres  of 
land  and  are  con- 
nected by  ])r  i\a  t  e 
switch  tracks  w  i  t  h 
the  Connecticut 
River  Railroad,  by 
means  of  which  the 
cars  constructed  on 
the  p  r  e  m  is  es  are 
shipped  direct  to  the 
various  roads 
throughout  this 
country  for  which 
they  are  built,  or  to 
New  York  or  Boston 
for  shipment  by  sea 
to  foreign  countries,  many  of  their  best  orders  coming 
from  Central  America,  the  Argentine  Republic,  Portugal, 
and  other  distant  lands,  the  total  output  averaging 
1700,000  per  annum.  The  name  of  the  Wason  Manu- 
facturing Company  is  known  wherever  railway  cars  are 
used  throughout  the  world.  Mr.  Fisk  married  Maria  E., 
daughter  of  Daniel  H.  Ripley,  of  Springfield.  They 
have  two  children,  Charles  A.  Fisk  and  Mrs.  O.  H. 
Dickinson,  both  of  Springfield. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


349 


LEWIS  AUGUSTUS  TIFFT,  one  of  Massachusetts' 
bravest  volunteers  during  the  late  war,  was  born 
in  Nassau,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1836,  being  the  oldest  of  the 
four  children  of  John  and  Sally  (White)  Tifft.  His 
great-grandfather,  John  Tifft,  went  to  New  York  from 
Rhode  Island,  the  Tiffts,  or  Teffts,  having  originally 
settled  in  the  latter  State  upon  coming  to  this  country. 
Mr.  Tifft  came  to  Springfield  during  his  boyhood,  and 
attended  the  high  school.  After  graduating  there  he 
became  a  clerk  in 
the  office  of  the 
Massachusetts  M  u  - 
tual  Life  Insurance 
Company.  In  i860 
he  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  Ex- 
IJeutenantC  Governor 
Eliphalet  Trask.  In 
1862  he  was  com- 
missioned lieutenant 
in  Company  A, 
Forty-sixth  Regi- 
ment, M.  V.  M.,  and 
was  soon  promoted 
to  the  captaincy  of 
the  company.  He 
was  not  only  a  thor- 
ough soldier  and 
officer,  but  became 
the  warm  personal 
friend  of  every  sol- 
dier under  his  com- 
mand. His  courage 
and  good  judgment 
find  favorable  men- 
tion in  the  Adjutant- 
General's  Report  of 
an  engagement  at 
the  Neuse  road 
bridge,  near  Batch- 
elder's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  in  May,  1863,  where  he 
held  his  position  with  his  command  for  some  hours 
after  being  deserted  by  the  remainder  of  the  Union 
forces  which  had  been  engaged,  and  he  had  been 
reported  at  headquarters  as  having  been  taken  prisoner. 
His  situation  was  finally  ascertained  and  reinforcements 
were  sent  to  him.  Later,  after  the  Forty-sixth  was 
mustered  out,  he  was  appointed  captain  of  the  Eighth 
Massachusetts  Infantry,  and  did  provost  duty  at  Balti- 


LEWIS    A.    TIFFT. 


more  for  three  months.  His  service  in  the  war  was 
courageous  and  creditable  in  a  high  degree.  At  its 
close  he  engaged  in  business  as  an  insurance  and  gov- 
ernment claim  agent,  and  in  1868  became  secretary  of 
the  .Springfield  Mutual  Fire  Assurance  Company,  which 
position  he  held  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  agency  for  other  companies.  Captain 
Tifft  served  the  city  capably  in  both  branches  of  the 
City  Council,  and  was  the  nominee  of  the  Republican 

party  for  mayor  in 
1873.  Captain  Tifft 
died  Aug.  31,  1874, 
at  the  age  of  thirty- 
eight.  The  Spring- 
field Rcpuh/ican,  at 
the  time  of  his  death, 
said  :  "  Had  death 
spared  him  he  would 
have  been  mayor  of 
Springfield,  and  a 
worthy  one.  Lewis 
Tifft  was  a  man  of 
few  faults,  and  of 
many  shining  virtues. 
His  character  was 
never  impeached  in 
any  relation  of  life  ; 
by  nature  frank , 
brave  and  honora- 
ble, he  won  and  held 
the  confidence  of  his 
friends  with  no  more 
ease  than  that  of  the 
public.  His  courage 
was  physical  and 
moral  alike.  As  in 
the  risks  of  war  he 
never  shunned  expos- 
ure, so  in  society, 
business  or  politics, 
he  never  skulked  a  belief  nor  evaded  any  consequences 
of  his  avowed  position."  Captain  Tifft  left  three 
children,  Eliphalet  T.  Tifft,  the  present  city  treasurer, 
an  office  to  which  he  has  been  elected  five  years  in 
succession,  and  two  daughters,  Lurancie  and  Lantie. 
The  Springfield  Camp  of  Sons  of  Veterans  is  named 
L.  A.  Tifft  Camp  in  honor  of  his  memory.  His  untimely 
death  was  mourned  by  thousands  in  Springfield  who  had 
never  enjoyed  personal  acquaintance  with  him. 


3SO 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


NOVES   \V.    FISK   for  a  quarter  of  a  century  has 
been  a  prominent  resident  of  Springfield,  and  in 
the  latter  part  of  that  period  has  been  one  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  the  city.     He  is  the  head  of  the  Fisk  Manu- 
facturing Company,  the  prosperity  of  which  is  a  monu- 
ment to  his  business   sagacity.     Mr.  Fisk  was  born  at 
Hinsdale,  N.  H.,  March  15,  1839.     He   was  the  son  of 
Thomas  T.  and   Emily  (Hildreth)  Fisk.     A   few  years 
before   his  death,  in   1861,  his   father  had  started  in  a 
small  way  the  manu- 
facture   of    soap    at 
Hinsdale,   and    it   is 
the  outcome  of  that 
business  that  the  son 
today  conducts,  now 
one    of    the    largest 
and   most  important 
business  concerns  in 
the  country.     Noyes 
\\'.   Fisk,  at  the   age 
of   thirteen,   entered 
the  store  of   Freder- 
ick   Hunt,  at    Hins- 
dale,   as    clerk,    and 
an  incident  that  oc- 
curred at    that   time 
is  one  that  has  played 
a  prominent  part  in 
his    life.     Mr.    Hunt 
handed  young  Fisk  a 
pair  of  scissors,  with 
the   remark    that    he 
would  need  them  in 
cutting  cotton  cloth. 
Mr.  Fisk  has  carried 
those   scissors   in  his 
pocket   ever    since, 
not    even    excepting 
the   time   he   was   in 
the   war.     He   re- 
mained   in   the  store  about  four  years,  and  then  went  to 
Northampton,  Mass.,  as  book-keeper  for  'I'hayer  &  Sar- 
gent.    Soon  afterwards  he  went  to  Springfield,  where  he 
entered  the  office  of  the  A\"ason  Manufacturing  C^om- 
pany,  with  which  his  brother,  (leorge  C.  Fisk,  had  re- 
cently become  connected.     He  remained  there  a  year 
or  two,  when   he  was  succeeded    by   Henry  S.   Hyde, 
now  treasurer  of  the  company.     Mr.  Fisk  then  became 
book-keeper  for  E.   B.   Haskell  &  Sons,   grocers,  with 


NOYES    W.    FISK. 


whom  he  remained  until  he  entered  the  army,  in  1862. 
He  enlisted  with  Company  A,  Forty-sixth  Regiment, 
and  after  serving  one  year,  returned  to  Springfield  and 
started  a  grocery  and  provision  business.  In  1867  he 
disposed  of  this  business  and  went  into  the  manufacture 
of  lampblack.  The  following  year  he  was  burned  out. 
Then  he  went  into  the  soap  business,  buying  an  interest 
in  the  old  business  of  his  father,  which,  in  the  mean- 
time, had  been  removed    to   Springfield,  his   brothers, 

George   C.  and    Lu- 
cius   I.,   who    had 
previously   been    in- 
\  terested  in  the  busi- 

ness, remaining  as 
partners.  In  1880 
Lucius  I.  Fisk  died, 
and  the  business  was 
reorganized  as  the 
Fisk  Manufacturing 
Company,  with 
George  C.  Fisk  as 
president,  and 
Noyes  \V.  Fisk  as 
clerk  and  treasurer, 
and  these  two  gen- 
tlemen and  Charles 
k.  Fisk,  as  direc- 
tors. Mr.  Fisk 
married  Emma  (L 
.^dams,  of  Hinsdale, 
N.  H.,  Aug.  25, 
1862,  and  a  few 
days  later  Mr.  Fisk 
marched  to  the  front, 
leaving  his  bride  in 
Hinsdale.  On  his 
return  from  the  war 
they  went  to  Spring- 
field, where  they 
have  since  resided. 
They  have  one  child,  Harry  G.  I'isk,  a  daughter  having 
(lied  in  infancy.  Mr.  Fisk  was  for  se\en  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Common  Council,  and  was  for  eleven  years  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  ^Vater  Commissioners.  Not 
only  as  business  man  but  also  in  his  capacity  as  council- 
man and  water  commissioner,  he  has  won  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens,  with  whom  he  is  very 
popular.  The  demands  of  his  business  have  been  such 
as  to  prevent  him  from  accepting  other  public  offices. 


SPRINGFIELD. 


351 


EC.    ROGERS    is    one   of    the    most    enterprising 
,     and  progressive  business  men  in  Western  New 
England.     He  has  made  an  enviable  record  for  himself 
in  the  business  world,   although   he  started  the  battle 
of    life    as    an    employee    of    one   of   the  concerns  of 
which  he  is  now  president  and  manager.     Mr.  Rogers 
was   born  at  Ogden,   Munroe   County,   N.  Y.,   May  6, 
1838.     He  was  the  son   of   John   and   Betsy    (Covell) 
Rogers.     When  he  was  seven  years  of  age  his  parents 
removed  to  Western 
Michigan,  where    he 
remained  for  eleven 
years,  during   which 
time  he  attended  the 
public    schools    and 
worked    on    a    farm. 
He  went  to  Spring- 
field   in   1856,  when 
he  was  eighteen  years 
of   age.     There    he 
attended   the    public 
schools    until    he 
finished    his    educa- 
tion.     In    1859    he 
became    a    clerk    in 
the    office    of    the 
Oreenleaf   &   Taylor 
Company,    manufac- 
turers   of    pajier,    at 
Huntington.      When 
the    war    broke    out 
Mr.    Rogers   enlisted 
as  a  sergeant  in  the 
Forty-  sixth  Massa- 
chusetts    Regiment. 
This    was    in    1862. 
When     he    returned 
from  the  war  he  was 
an    orderly    sergeant 
with    an    excellent 

record.  Mr.  Rogers  returned  to  his  old  position  with 
the  Clreenleaf  &  Taylor  Company.  In  1865  ().  H. 
Greenleaf  of  this  company  became  president  and  man- 
ager of  the  Holyoke  Paper  Company,  and  in  1866 
Mr.  Rogers  became  treasurer  of  the  new  concern.  He 
remained  in  this  position  for  two  years.  In  1868  he 
returned  to  the  old  company  as  treasurer  and  manager. 
In  1873  the  name  of  the  (Jreenleaf  &  Taylor  Manufac- 
turing Company  was  changed  to  the   Massasoit   Paper 


E.   C.   ROGERS. 


Manufacturing  Company,  when  a  new  mill  was  erected 
at  Holyoke  and  the  capital  increased  to  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  In  1882  Mr.  Rogers's  company  took 
hold  of  the  Chester  Paper  Mill  at  Huntington,  which 
had  been  erected  in  1853  by  the  Greenleaf  &  Taylor 
Company,  and  of  this  mill  Mr.  Rogers  is  now  president. 
Both  of  the  mills  are  handsomely  equipped  and  turn  out 
many  tons  of  fine  writing  paper  every  day.  Mr.  Rogers 
is  a  resident  of  Springfield,  where  he  has  for  many  years 

ranked  as  one  of  the 
representative  m  e  n 
of  the  city,  in  both 
business  and  social 
affairs.  He  is  a 
director  of  the  John 
Hancock  National 
Bank  of  Springfield, 
and  also  of  the 
Springfield  Electric 
Light  Com])any.  He 
was  for  many  years  a 
director  in  the 
Springfield  Union 
Newspaper  Com- 
pany, and  is  one  of 
the  directors  of  the 
Home  National  Bank 
of  Holyoke.  M  r . 
Rogers  is  a  Republi- 
can in  politics,  and 
has  always  mani- 
fested a  lively  i  n  - 
terest  in  the  political 
cami)aigns,  although 
he  has  been  adverse 
to  taking  office.  He 
served,  however,  as 
a  member  of  the 
Common  Council  in 
1882,  1883  and  1884, 
being  president  of  the  board  the  latter  year.  Mr. 
Rogers  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  American 
Paper  Manufacturers'  Association  in  18S7  and  1888,  and 
was  president  of  the  same  association  in  1889  and  1890. 
The  first  banquet  of  the  association  at  an  annual  meet- 
ing was  held  while  he  was  its  president,  .'\mong  the 
paper  manufacturers  of  New  England,  as  well  as  in  busi- 
ness and  financial  circles  generally,  Mr.  Rogers  is  widely 
known  and  highly  respected  for  his  many  fine  qualities. 


352 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO~DAY. 


MICHAEL    DUNN,   of    Springfield,    is    prominent 
among  the  men  of  Western  New  England,  who, 
by  honesty,  industry  and    close  attention    to  business, 
have  arisen  to  prominence.     Mr.  Dunn  is  pre-eminently 
a   self-made    man.      Born    in    the    parish   of   Aghavoe, 
Queen's  County,  Ireland,  on  March  24,  1833,  his  early 
life  was  spent  on  a  farm.     One  of  a  family  of  eight,  he 
received  his  education  in  the  schools  of  his  native  land, 
supplemented    by  extensive   reading,    observation    and 
travel.     In  1851  Mr. 
Dunn    emigrated 
with    his    parents  to 
the     United    States, 
locating  at  Paterson, 
N.  J.    He  obtained  a 
position  in  a  woollen 
mill,  where  he  worked 
twelve    hours   a   day 
for  twenty-five  cents 
a   day.     By  untiring 
energy,  i)ush  and 
appreciation  he    be- 
came overseer.     He 
soon    bettered    him- 
self by  a  situation  in 
a  cotton  mill,  where 
he  remained  for  sev- 
eral years,  becoming 
thoroughly      conver- 
sant  with    the   busi- 
ness.    He   then    be- 
came connected  witli 
a  dyeing  and  bleach- 
i  n  g     establishment, 
where  he  formed  the 
foundation    for    his 
future    success.       In 
company  with   John 
Anderton  he  went  to 
Chicopee     Falls,     in 

1 87 1,  and  established  the  Hampden  Bleachery.  In 
1875  he  became  interested  in  the  Musgrove  Alpaca 
Company,  located  at  Chicopee,  as  a  partner,  his  atten- 
tion being  still  given  to  the  bleaching  business.  This 
continued  for  six  years,  when  misfortune  overtook  the 
company  by  the  peculations  and  treachery  of  the  officers. 
'I'he  concern  failed,  and  Mr.  Dunn  lost  a  ijuarter  of  a 
million  dollars.  With  a  stout  heart  and  a  stronger 
determination  to  win,  he  again  put  his  sho\il(ler  to  the 


MICHAEL    DUNN. 


wheel,    and    once    more   earned    success.      To-day   he 
is   probably  the   wealthiest  Irishman   in   Western  New 
England.      In    1887   Mr.    Anderton   died.      Mr.    Dunn 
purchased  his  interest  in  the  Hampden  Bleachery  from 
the  heirs,  and  carried  on  the  business  as  sole  owner  until 
1891,  when  he  sold  it  to  his  nephew,  Daniel  J.  Dunn, 
and  Edward  Foley,  both  of  Chicopee  Falls,  accepting  a 
position  himself  as  agent  and  treasurer  of  the  company, 
and  de\oting  his   spare  time    to  safe   financial  invest- 
ments, in    which    he 
has    been    fortunate. 
-  -  He   was    one   of   the 

original    incorpora- 
tors of  the  Chicopee 
Falls   Savings    Bank, 
was    elected    trustee 
and     vice-president, 
continuing    as    such 
until   his  resignation 
at     the     last    annual 
meeting.     He    is    at 
present    connected 
with  several  corpora- 
tions   in    Springfield 
a  n  d   Holyoke.      I  n 
Chicopee  public  life 
he    played  a  promi- 
nent part,  acting  as 
assistant       engineer, 
selectman  and  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of 
Health.      He   would 
have  been  given  rep- 
resentative honors, 
but     declined.       In 
financial  matters  Mr. 
Dunn  has  the  reputa- 
tion   of    a   safe    and 
sound  business  man. 
Mr.    Dunn    married 
Miss  Mary  E.  Norton,  of  Somerville,  on  March  3,  1867, 
and  they  have  five  children  :  Margaret  E.,  the  wife  of 
B.  J.  Griffin,  of  Springfield  ;   Katharine  I..,  aged  twenty- 
one  ;  Joseph  J.,  eighteen,  a  student  at  Fordham  College, 
N.  Y.  ;  Mary  H.,  fifteen,  and  Kieran,  aged  twelve.     Mr. 
Dunn  has  at  different  times  in  his  life  travelled  over  the 
greater    part   of    the    United    States   and    the    British 
Provinces.      He  is  a  man  of  broad  sympathies  and  a 
deep  stiulent  of  human  nature. 


spRrxGFrFJ.n. 


353 


JOHN    H.    CLUNE  is  one  of  the   most  prominent 
Democrats  in  Springfield,  and  well  known  through- 
out the  State.     Although  a  young  man,  he  has  been  at 
various  times  secretary,  treasurer  and  chairman  of   the 
City  Committee  of  Springfield,  has  been  a  member  of 
the  County  Committee  and    is  at  the   present  time    a 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  State  Cen- 
tral Committee,  in  which  he  represents  the  Democracy 
of  Western  Massachusetts.     In  business  Mr.  ("lune  has 
also  made  a    flatter- 
i  n  g   success.      M  r. 
Clune    was    born   i  n 
Springfield,  July  4, 
1856,  the  son  of  Mi- 
chael  and  Catherine 
(Arthur)  Clune.  His 
education   was   r  e- 
ceived  in  the  Spring- 
field   public   schools, 
although    his  school- 
days ended  when  he 
was  eleven  years    of 
age.     When  thirteen 
years  old  Mr.  Clune 
entered  the  establish- 
ment of    the   Milton 
Bradley  Company  for 
the  purpose  of  learn- 
ing the    lithographic 
printing  business. 
He  remained  there 
for  three  years,  dur- 
i  n  g  which  time    he 
became    a   complete 
master  of  the  trade, 
after  which  he  went 
to  work  for  Jacob  C. 
Lutze    in    the    same 
business.       He    r  e- 
mained    with    M  r. 

Lutze  sixteen  years.  In  1887  Mr.  Clune  was  appointed 
city  marshal  by  Mayor  Maynard,  and  held  the  position 
two  years.  On  retiring  from  this  office  Mr.  Clune  pur- 
chased the  business  of  T.  P.  Sampson,  funeral  director, 
which  he  has  since  conducted  with  ability  and  success. 
In  politics  Mr.  Clune  has  had  an  unusually  successful 
career,  and  for  a  young  man,  has  a  remarkably  large 
acquaintance  throughout  the  State.  His  first  office  was 
held  in   18S5,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  Springfield 


JOHN    H.    CLUNE 


Common  Council  from  Ward  Three.  He  served  the 
people  in  that  branch  of  the  City  Government  two 
years,  during  which  he  made  a  remarkably  good  record. 
He  served  on  the  Committee  on  Parks  and  on  the  Prop- 
erty Department  Committee.  He  was  on  the  Committee 
on  Parks  when  Forest  Park  was  presented  to  and  ac- 
cepted by  the  city  in  1885.  He  withdrew  from  city 
politics  in  1887  in  order  to  accept  the  appointment  as 
city  marshal.     Mr.  Chine  was  elected  a  member  of  the 

City  Committee  in 
1880,  was  made  sec- 
retary and  treasurer 
in  1884,  for  its  Cleve- 
land campaign,  and 
chairman  in  1885. 
He  was  elected  a 
m  ember  of  the 
County  Committee 
in  1886,  on  which  he 
served  with  credit 
for  a  year.  On  the 
retirement  of  James 
B.  Carroll  from  the 
State  Central  Com- 
mittee in  1889,  Mr. 
Clune  was  chosen  as 
his  successor,  and  in 
everyone  of  his 
ofific  i  a  1  positions 
he  has  wo  n  d  i  s- 
tinction  for  shrewd 
man  a  g  e  m  e  n  t  and 
soundness  of 
j  u  d  g  m  e  n  t .  Mr. 
Clune  was  the  candi- 
d  at  e  for  sheriff  of 
Hampden  County  in 
1892,  when  there 
was  little  hope  o  f 
being  elected,  a  n  d 
made  a  good  run.  In  business  life  Mr.  Clune  has  always 
stood  high.  He  was  married  to  Catherine  Donvan,  of 
Springfield,  in  1877.  They  had  four  children.  Mrs. 
Clune  died  on  March  24,  1889.  He  has  always  been 
prominent  in  church  and  social  life,  being  a  member 
of  St.  Michael's  Cathedral,  and  of  several  social  organiza- 
tions in  the  city.  As  political  manager  and  as  business 
man,  Mr.  Clune  has  won  the  confidence  of  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  lives. 


354 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EX-LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR  E L I  P H  A  L  E T 
TRASK  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men 
Western  Massachusetts  has  produced.     He  was  select- 
man before  Springfield  became  a  city,  then  alderman, 
and  afterwards  mayor,  in  1855.     In  1857  he  was  elected 
lieutenant-governor,  with  Oeneral    Nathaniel  P.   Banks 
as  governor.     Ex-Go\  ernor  Trask  was  born  at  Monson, 
Jan.    8,   1S06,  the    son    of    Josiah   and    Eliza    (Webb) 
Trask.     His  childhood  was  spent  at  Monson,  and  when 
twelve  years    of   age 
he  went  to  live  with 
his  maternal   grand- 
father,    at     Stafford, 
Conn.     He     learned 
the  trade  of  an  iron 
founder.     The    work 
was     hard    and    the 
wages   low, —  not 
more  than  ninety-two 
cents     a    day, —  but 

he    remained    Indus-  ^^ 

triously  at  work  until 
he  had  saved  enough, 
in  1834,  to  start  a 
foundry  with  his 
brothers,  Lanson  and 
Abner,  in  Springfield. 
In  1836  he  sold  his 
interest  to  his 
brothers  and  started 
a  foundry  of  his  own, 
which  he  continued 
until  the  time  of  his 
death.  Mr.  Trask 
began  political  life 
as  a  Whig.  He  re 
mained  with  this 
party  until  the 
"  Know-N  othing  " 
party  sprung  into  ex- 
istence. He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  abolition 
of  slavery,  and  first  came  into  prominence  as  a  public 
man  in  1850,  when,  as  a  leader,  he  prevented  a  mob 
from  interfering  with  an  abolition  speech  in  Springfield. 
In  1857,  as  the  tidal  wave  of  "  Know-Nothingism  " 
was  receding,  the  Republicans  and  part  of  the  "  Know- 
Nothings  "  elected  Nathaniel  P.  Banks,  governor,  and 
EHphalet  Trask,  lieutenant-governor.  They  were  twice 
re-elected,  in  1858  and  1859.     He  was  present  at  the 


ELIPHALET    TRASK. 


Chicago  Con\ention  in  1S60,  when  Abraham  Lincoln 
was  nominated  for  the  presidency,  and  accompanied 
the  delegation  to  Springfield,  111.  (as  a  guest  of  the 
president  of  the  Convention),  to  ofificially  notify  Mr. 
Lincoln  of  his  nomination.  During  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  he  was  actively  interested,  and  his  influence 
and  aid  always  went  to  sustain  the  Government.  He 
was  a  warm  friend  of  Governor  Andrew,  the  Massachu- 
setts war  governor,  and  was  frequently  in  consultation 

with    him    regarding 
the   commission    for 
the    officers    of    the 
regiments  from  West- 
e  r  n    Massachusetts. 
He  was   also  a  per- 
sonal    friend      and 
w  a  r  m     admirer     of 
Charles      Sumner, 
Wendell     Phillips, 
William  Lloyd  Garri- 
son and  Henry  Wil- 
son.    When  the  Re- 
publicans of   Massa- 
chusetts     divided 
upon    the     issue    of 
nominating    General 
Butler  for   governor, 
Mr.  Trask   espoused 
the  Butler  cause  very 
warmly,    and    after 
that  time  was  an  In- 
dependent.      W- 
though    devoted     to 
his  own  church   (the 
Universalist),  he  was 
a  warm  friend  of  all 
churches  and   of    all 
moral  and    educa- 
tional  movements. 
Governor  Trask  mar- 
ried   Ruby    Squier,  daughter    of    Solomon    and.  Sarah 
(Moulton)   Squier,  of  Monson,  March  3,    1829.      Mrs. 
Trask  died  Nov.  26,   1890,   and   Governor  'i'rask  died 
thirteen  days  later,  on  Dec.  9.     They  had  ten  children, 
six  of   whom  are   still   living :    Henry  F.,  .\lbert,  Mrs. 
Harriet   F.  Davis,   Mrs.  H.  S.  Hyde  and  Mrs.   W.   H. 
Hawkins,  of  Springfield,  and  Mrs.    Edward  Newcomb, 
of  Albany,  N.  V.     They  celebrated  the  sixtieth  anni\er- 
sary  of  their  marriage  a  year  before  their  death. 


SPRTNGFIELD. 


355 


GENERAL   HORACE  CLARK  LEE  was  born   in 
Springfield,  Jan.    31,     1822.      After   graduating 
from    the    public    schools    and    taking   courses    at   the 
Greenfield   and    East    Hartford,    Conn.,    academies    he 
embarked  in  the  dry  goods  business,  first  in  Boston  and 
later  in  Springfield.     In    1858  he  was  tax  collector  of 
Springfield,  and  in    1859  city  treasurer,  which  office  he 
filled  until  he  entered  the  army.     General  Lee's  mind 
displayed  a  military  bent  when  he  was  twenty  years  of 
age.     In  1842  he  was 
instrumental    in 
organizing  a  military 
company  which  was 
known  as  the  Spring- 
field Guards.     He 
served  in  the  subor- 
dinate grades  of  the 
command,    and    was 
elected  captain  a  few 
years  after  its  organi- 
zation.    In   1854  he 
was   chosen    colonel 
of  the  Third  Massa- 
chu setts  Artillery, 
which    was    reorgan- 
ized  as    the  Twelfth 
Regiment   of   Infan- 
try the  following 
year,    Colonel  Lee 
retaining    the    com- 
m  a  n  d  .       Mainly 
through    h  i  s    efforts 
the    Twenty-seventh 
Regiment,    Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers, 
was    organized,   and 
on  Sept.  20,  1 86 1,  he 
received  his  commis- 
sion as  colonel.    The 
regiment    took   a 

prominent  part  in  the  battles  of  Roanoke  Island  and 
Newbem.  After  the  latter  engagement  Colonel  Lee 
was  appointed  acting  brigatlier-general,  and  under  that 
title  gained  honorable  mention  for  his  gallantry  at  the 
battle  of  Goldsboro,  N.  C.  Shortly  after  this  General 
Lee  was  appointed  provost  marshal  for  the  district  of 
North  Carolina,  and  soon  afterwards  the  department  of 
Virginia  was  added  to  his  command.  He  served  in 
this  capacity  until  January,   1S64,  and  received  many 


HORACE   C.    LEE 


commendations  from  his  superiors  for  the  manner  in 
which  he  performed  his  duties.     After  resigning  as  pro- 
vost marshal   he  particiijated   in   the  battle  of  Drury's 
Bluff,  where  he  was  captured  by  the  confederates  after 
a  brave  defence.     He  was  first  taken  to   Libby  prison 
at   Richmond,  and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  Camp 
Oglethorpe,   Macon,  Ga.     From   here   the   fifty  federal 
officers  of  the  highest  rank  were  ordered  to  Charleston 
and  placed  under  fire  of  the  Union  guns.     The  govern- 
ment, in  retaliation, 
then  sent  fifty  confed- 
erate officers  to  Mor- 
ris Island  and  ])laced 
-^  them  under  Southern 

fire.  This  resulted 
in  an  exchange  of 
prisoners  on  April  2, 
1864.  Again  rejoin- 
ing his  regiment,  he 
served  until  Sept.  27, 
1864,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  w  i  t  h 
the  brevet  of  briga- 
dier-general. After 
leaving  the  a  r  m  y 
General  Lee  entered 
the  custom  house  at 
Boston,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years. 
In  1868  he  re-em- 
barked in  business 
in  Springfield.  In 
1872  he  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster 
by  President  Grant, 
and  held  the  office 
twelve  years  under 
Presidents  Garfield, 
Arthur  and  Hayes, 
He  died  June  22, 
1884.  General  Lee  helped  organize  E.  K.  Wilcox  Post, 
G.  A.  R.,  being  its  first  commander.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Knights  Templar,  Loyal  Legion  and  of 
the  .-Xncient  and  Honorable  Artillery  of  Boston.  As  an 
instance  of  his  military  and  civic  popularity  may  be 
mentioned  the  presentation  to  him,  in  1855,  on  the 
occasion  of  his  assuming  the  command  of  the  Twelfth 
Regiment,  of  a  handsome  sword,  the  gift  of  the  citizens 
of  Springfield. 


NEW  BEDFORD  has  had  an  experience  which  has  fallen  to  the  lot  of  few  cities  in  the  United  States.  It  has 
seen  its  principal  industry  sink  into  decline,  an  industry  which  had  made  of  a  tiny  hamlet  an  important  and 
wealthy  city.  On  the  ruins  of  one  industry  has  been  built  up  another  and  a  greater.  The  old  whaling  city  of  the 
United  States  is  now  one  of  its  great  manufacturing  centres.  To  only  one  other  city,  Fall  River,  does  it  yield  the 
palm  for  the  number  of  spindles  employed  in  cotton  manufactures  ;  at  its  present  rate  of  increase  it  will  soon 
yield  to  none. 

The  city  is  growing  more  rapidly,  proportionately,  than  any  other  city  in  New  England.  By  1895,  at  the 
latest,  the  population  of  1880  (26,485)  will  have  been  doubled.  A\'hen  it  is  stated  that  five  new  cotton  mills  are 
now  in  course  of  erection,  the  cause  of  the  increase  is  suggested.  Of  these  mills  four  are  being  erected  by  corpora- 
tions which  have  been  organized  since  February,  1892,  with  a  total  capital  stock  of  $2,100,000.  The  five  mills  will 
run  at  the  start  206,000  spindles. 

New  Bedford  is  the  wealthiest  city  of  its  size  in  the  Union,  its  wealth  approaching  $100,000,000.  The 
readiness  with  which  capital  for  promising  enterprises  is  obtainable  was  well  instanced  when  the  project  for  the 
erection  of  the  Pierce  Mill  was  set  on  foot  a  few  months  ago.  Through  the  exertions  of  a  single  individual  the 
proposed  capital  stock  of  $600,000  was  all  subscribed  within  four  days. 

There  are  about  twenty-five  cotton  mills  in  the  city,  and  one  woollen  mill.  These  mills  are  owned  by  four- 
teen corporations  having  a  total  capital  stock  of  $11,310,000  and  running  in  all  1,040,500  spindles  and  15,834 
looms.  Two  of  the  mills  make  yarns  exclusively,  the  others  produce  varieties  of  fine  goods  and  sheetings.  Alike 
in  structure  and  internal  fixtures,  the  New  Bedford  mills  are  unexcelled  anywhere. 

The  manufactures  of  the  city  are  not  limited  to  the  textile  industry.  There  are  over  one  hundred  and  ten 
other  factories  which  turn  out  a  large  variety  of  products.  Among  the  largest  are  the  Morse  Twist  Drill  and 
Machine  Company  (capital,  $600,000),  whose  goods  find  a  market  all  over  the  world  ;  the  Pairpoint  Manufacturing 
Company  ($400,000),  fine  silver-plated  ware;  the  Mount  Washington  Glass  Company  ($83,000),  fine  and  cut 
glassware  ;  Hathaway,  Soule  &  Harrington  ($250,000),  boots  and  shoes  ;  Clark's  Cove  Guano  Company  ($800,000)', 
fertihzers ;  New  Bedford  Cordage  Company  ($375,000),  and  New  Bedford  Copper  Company  ($250,000). 

The  whaling  industry,  in  which  the  city's  wealth  was  earned,  while  sadly  reduced,  is  by  no  means  extinct ; 
and  New  Bedford,  now  as  in  the  olden  days,  does  the  largest  whaling  business  of  any  place  in  the  world.  When 
the  industry  was  at  its  height,  in  1857,  there  were  329  New  Bedford  vessels  of  all  kinds  in  the  fleet,  out  of  a  total 
of  569  from  all  United  States  ports.  On  Jan.  i,  1892,  the  New  Bedford  vessels  numbered  48,  out  of  a  total  of  92 
from  all  United  States  ports.  The  high  price  of  whalebone  does  much  to  make  the  industry  profitable.  In  1891 
the  average  price  was  $5.38  per  pound.     In  1866  the  average  was  $1.37  per  pound. 

The  city  has  rare  natural  beauty.  It  rises  from  the  west  bank  of  the  Acushnet  River  and  the  north  shore 
of  Buzzards  Bay  ;  and  from  the  hill,  which  constitutes  the  finer  residential  ])art,  a  view  of  land  and  water,  rarely 
excelled,  presents  itself.  No  American  city  of  even  twice  its  population  can  boast  such  well-kept  and  beautifully 
shaded  streets.  It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lovely  summer  resorts  which  are  easily  reached,  some  by  land 
over  finely  macadamized  roads,  others  by  sea  in  comfortable  and  commodious  steamers.  But  the  city  is  itself  a 
choice  summer  resort.  Nowhere  are  there  better  facilities  for  boating,  bathing,  fishing  and  driving.  Like  Newport, 
it  has  an  ocean  drive,  three  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  around  the  Point,  which  is  a  never-failing  source  of  pleasure 
in  smnmer.     And  the  nights  are  always  cool  and  invigorating. 

New  Bedford  desires  and  welcomes  new  industries.  It  offers  cheap  land,  water  and  coal,  excellent  trans- 
portation facilities  by  land  and  water,  low  taxes  and  a  climate  which,  for  manufactures  as  well  as  for  general  health, 
is  nowhere  excelled  in  this  country.  It  has  over  thirty-five  churches,  a  magnificent  school  system  and  three  news- 
papers, the  younial.  Standard  and  Mercury.  Many  fine  buildings  adorn  its  streets,  and  its  private  residences 
are  unique. 


NEW  BEDFORD. 


357 


CHARLES  SUMNER  ASHLEY,  mayor  of  the  city 
of   New  Bedford    in  the    years   1891  and  1892, 
is  one  of  the  youngest  executive  ofificers  the  city  has 
had,  but  his  administration    promises  to  leave   behind 
it  a  record  of   extensive  work  in  the  direction  of  im- 
proving and  beautifying  the  city  which  will  make  it  long 
memorable.     Particularly  will  this  be  so  in  regard  to  the 
system  of   public  parks   now   being   laid    out.      These 
parks,  three  in  number,  and  all  of  them  finely  located, 
will   fill   a  "  long-felt 
want  "of  a  very  real 
nature,  and  will  add 
greatly  to  the  attrac- 
tiveness of  an  already 
beautiful   city.      Mr. 
Ashley  is   now   only 
thirty-four    years    of 
age.     He  is  the  son 
of  Joshua  B.  Ashley, 
a  well-known  citizen 
of    New    Bedford. 
.\tter  he  had  gradu- 
ated from  the  gram- 
mar   school,    natural 
inclinations  led   him 
to  enter  at  once  on 
a   business   career. 
At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen   he    formed    a 
copartnership  in  the 
market  business,  con- 
tinuing and  increas- 
ing  this  after    his 
partner's      retire- 
ment,   and    down   to 
the   year    1889.     In 
that  year  he  disposed 
of  the  business,  and 
later,    with    Stephen 
D.  Pierce,  opened  a 

clothing  and  furnishing  goods  store,  where  he  now  does 
a  very  large  business.  He  also  conducts  an  extensive 
wholesale  pork  business.  Mayor  Ashley  is  a  Democrat, 
and  an  earnest  believer  in  the  tenets  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  As  the  party  gains  in  strength  in  New 
Bedford  and  vicinity,  and  it  has  recently  gained  greatly, 
his  part  in  its  battles  is  likely  to  be  a  prominent  one. 
So  far,  howe\er,  Mr.  Ashley  has  been  more  closely  iden- 
tified with  municipal  than  with  State  or  national  affairs, 


CHARLES    S.    ASHLEY 


and  in  municipal  affairs  he  has  figured  not  as  the 
Democrat,  but  as  the  citizen.  His  adherents  in  munici- 
pal affairs  are  men  of  all  political  parties,  and  they  are 
now  generally  known  as  the  "  xAshley "  party.  The 
public  service  of  Mr.  Ashley  commenced  in  1884,  when, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-six,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Common  Council.  In  1886  he  was  elected  to  the 
Board  of  Aldermen,  being  the  only  successful  aldermanic 
candidate  on  his  ticket,  and    polling  more  votes  than 

the  mayor   elect. 
After  another  year  as 
alderman,    Mr.   Ash- 
ley was   induced    to 
aim  higher,  and    the 
two   following    years 
m  a  d  e    unsuccessful 
fights  for    the    may- 
oralty.    The  defeats 
were    encouraging, 
however,  and   the 
third  year  brought 
\'  i  c  t  o  ry  by  one  of 
the  largest  majorities 
in  the  city's  history. 
This  was  in  1890,  and 
in    1 89 1    the    young 
mayor   was    again 
elected  by  a  substan- 
t  i  a  1    majority.       As 
m  a  y  o  r,  Mr.   Ashley 
has  been  untiring  in 
his   devotion  to   the 
city's  interests.     He 
is  familiar  with  every 
detail   of  Jhe    city's 
work,  and  has  given 
personal   supervision 
to  much  of  it,  includ- 
ing  the   plotting    of 
the    city,  a   work   of 
great  value,  which  has  been  undertaken  at  his  instiga- 
tion.    His  administrations  have  given  great  satisfaction 
to    the    citizens,    regardless   of   party.     Personally,    the 
mayor  is  a  prince  of   good  fellows.     He  makes  friends 
readily,  and  is  known  as  a  man  who  never  fails  to  stand 
by  them.     His  devotion  to  the  duties  of  his  office  and 
the  rare  ability  and  tact  he   has  displayed  in  fulfilling 
them  make  him  one  of  the  most  valuable  public  servants 
New  Bedford  has  ever  had. 


358 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THROUGHOUT  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  and 
indeed  throughout  the  country,  no  name  is  to-day 
more  generally  associated  with  New  Bedford  than  that 
of  the  Hon.  William  Wallace  Crapo.  Mr.  Crapo  is  the 
son  of  Henry  Howland  Crapo,  who  was  for  four  years 
governor  of  Michigan.  His  father  was  a  native  of 
Dartmouth,  near  New  Bedford,  where  Mr.  Crapo  was 
born,  May  i6,  1830.  ."Xfter  ]iassing  through  the  public 
schools  of  New  Bedford,  he  prepared  for  college  at 
Phillips  Academy, 
Andover.  He  was 
graduated  from  Yale 

—  which  has  since 
conferred  u]3on  him 
the  degree  of  LL.  D 

—  in  the  class  of 
1852.  He  studied 
law  in  the  Dane  Law 
School  in  Cambridge, 
and  in  the  office  of 
(Governor  Clifford  in 
New  Bedford.  In 
1855  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  en- 
tered upon  practice 
in  New  Bedford.  Mr. 
Crapo's  political  ca- 
reer began  in  1856, 
when  he  took  the 
stump  for  John  C. 
Fremont.  In  the 
same  year,  when  only 
twenty-six  years  of 
age,  he  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives. In  1857  he 
declined  a  nomina- 
tion to  the  State  Sen- 
ate.    Mr.    Crapo    is 

most  widely  known  through  his  service  in  Congress. 
He  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  Forty-fourth 
Congress,  and  was  returned  for  three  succeeding  terms 
thereafter.  In  the  Forty-fifth  Congress  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Affairs.  In  the  Forty- 
sixth  he  served  on  the  Committee  on  Banking  and  Cur- 
rency, and  in  the  Forty-seventh  he  was  chairman  of  this 
important  committee.  In  this  capacity  he  won  the  ad- 
miration  and   confidence  of  the  business  men  of   the 


WILLIAM    W.    CRAPO 


country  by  the  ability  and  sagacity  with  which  he  car- 
ried through,  against  determined  opposition,  the  bill  to 
extend   the  charter  of   the   national  banks.     By  other 
legislative   work   he   enhanced    the   national   reputation 
thus    acquired.     His    speeches,    argumentative,     calm, 
convincing,    then,  as    now,  commanded   attention   and 
stimulated  thought.     In  recent  years  Mr.  Crapo's  name 
has  on  several  occasions  been  brought  before  the  Re- 
publican State  conventions  of  Massachusetts  in  connec- 
tion with    the    nom- 
ination for  governor. 
His  attitude  on  these 
occasions  has  greatly 
increased  the  respect 
with  which  the  peo- 
ple regard  him.     He 
has  refused  to  be  in 
any     sense     a     self- 
seeker     or     to     have 
^^  ^  used    in    his    behalf 

^iSff  political     methods 

which  are  often  more 
effective  than  credit- 
able. He  believes  — 
and  lives  uji  to  his 
belief  —  that  the 
office  should  seek  the 
man,  not  the  man  the 
office.  In  the  affairs 
of  the  city  of  New- 
Bedford,  Mr.  Crapo 
has  always  been  most 
deeply  interested. 
.An  enthusiastic  ad- 
mirer of  its  natural 
beauties,  he  has  been, 
and  is,  an  earnest 
and  liberal  supporter 
of  all  movements 
tending  to  its  best 
development.  .As  ])rivate  and  business  lawyer,  bank  pres- 
ident, president  and  director  of  large  manufacturing  and 
railroad  enterprises,  and  in  many  other  positions  of  re- 
sponsibility, he  has  actjuired  the  reputation  of  a  financier 
of  rare  ability,  a  business  man  of  sagacity,  judgment  and 
prudence  and  a  citizen  of  kindly  and  generous  tenden- 
cies. In  New  Bedford  no  man  enjoys  the  trust  and 
esteem  of  all  sections  of  the  community  more  full\' 
than  William  W.  Crapo. 


NE IV  BEDFORD. 


359 


THE  tamily  of  which  Governor  John   H.  Clifford  of 
Massachusetts  was   the  head   has  been  for  sixty 
years  past,  and  is  to-day,   most  prominently  identified 
with  New  Bedford.     In  1S27  Mr.  Clifford  came  to  New 
Bedford  to  study  law,  the  profession  in  which  he  after- 
wards achieved  such  remarkaljle  success,  and  which  is 
to-day  adorned  by  his  sons.    Thereafter  this  city  was  his 
home.     He  was  at  various  times  member  of  the  State 
House  of  Representatives,  member  and  ]iresident  of  the 
State  Senate,  district 
attorney   for    the 
southern    district   of 
Massachusetts,  attor- 
ney-general    (for 
seven    years),    and 
governor    of    the 
Commonwealth. 
He    died,   Jan.    2, 
1876.      Governor 
Clifford  married   Sa- 
rah   Parker   .-Mien, 
daughter  of  William 
Howland     ."Mien,    of 
New    Bedford,    who 
still    sur\ives.      Mrs. 
Clifford     is   a    direct 
descendant  of    Cap- 
tain   Myles  Standish 
of    Plymouth,    while 
the   governor   was  a 
descendant  of   Gov- 
ernor May  hew,  of 
Martha's     Vineyard. 
They  had  nine  chil- 
dren,  of    whom   the 
male    survivors     are 
Charles  Warren  and 
Walter  Clifford,  both 
distinguished    mem- 
bers   of    the    bar   of 

Bristol  County,  and  prominent  figures  in  the  public 
affairs  of  the  State.  Charles  W.  Clifford  was  born  -Aug. 
19, 1844,  graduated  from  Harvard  in  July,  1865,  and  stud- 
ied law.  It  was  his  chosen  profession  from  his  earliest 
years,  and  one  for  which  experience  has  proved  him 
eminently  qualified.  He  was  for  many  years  associated 
with  Hon.  George  Marston  in  partnership,  and  in  the 
trial  of  important  causes,  and  is  now  of  the  firm  of 
Crapo,  Clifford  &  Clifford.     In   1876  he  was  one  of  the 


JOHN    H.    CLIFFORD 


commissioners  to  revise  the  judiciary  system  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  in  i8gi  received  the  almost  unani- 
mous support  of  the  bar  of  Massachusetts  for  appoint- 
ment as  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court.  He  holds  many 
positions  of  honor  and  influence  in  the  State  and  the 
city,  and  is  largely  interested  in  the  most  important 
financial  and  manufacturing  enterprises  of  New  Bed- 
ford. He  married,  1869,  Frances  Lothrop,  daughter  of 
Charles  I,,  and    Elizabeth  T.  Wood,  of   New  Bedford, 

who    died    in    1872. 
In  1876  he  married 
Wilhelmina   H., 
daughter  of  the  late 
( iovernor    Crapo,  of 
Michigan.     Walter 
Clifford    was    born 
Aug.  1 1,   1849,  grad- 
uated in    187 1    from 
Harvard   College, 
and    from     Harvard 
Law  .School  in  1875. 
He    was    associated 
with    the     office    of 
Marston  &   Crapo 
from    1875    to  1878, 
and    since    then  has 
been  a    member    of 
the    firm    of    Crapo, 
Clifford    &    Clifford. 
As    mayor    of    New 
Bedford  in  1889  and 
1890,    he     made     a 
splendid     record, 
alike  in  valuable  and 
enduring    work    ac- 
complished   for    the 
city,  and  in  increas- 
ing   popularity   with 
the    people.     Mr. 
Clifford  is  an  earnest 
and  vigorous  Republican.     As  a  member  of  the  Repub- 
lican State  Central  Committee  he  has  taken  a  prominent 
place  in  the  party  councils.     He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Minneapolis  convention  (1892).     He  is  a  sound  lawyer, 
a  capable  business  man,  an  able  politician,  an  eloquent 
and   graceful  speaker,  and  a  courteous  and   honorable 
gentleman.       He    married,    in    1878,    Harriet    Perry, 
daughter  of  Congressman  Charles  S.  and  Sarah  (Perry) 
Randall,  and  has  four  children. 


36o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FROM  New  Bedford's  earliest  days,  the  Rotch  family 
have   been  most  prominently  identified  with  its 
growth  and  development,  seven  generations  having  lived 
consecutively  within  its  limits.     It  was  Joseph  Rotch, 
an  enterprising  merchant  of  Nantucket,  who  in   1765 
came  here  and  established  himself  in  the  whaling  busi- 
ness, and  gave  to  the  little  hamlet  to  which  his  arrival 
brought  new   hfe,  the  name   of   Bedford  Village.     Mr. 
Rotch's    selection    of    this    harbor    as    one    especially 
adapted  for  the  pros- 
ecution of  the  whale 
fishery   was  the  first 
step  in  the  develop- 
ment of  a  great  in- 
dustry and  an  impor- 
tant    city.      Later 
generations  have  dis- 
played the  same  en- 
ter p  r  i  s  e ,  industry, 
and  public  spirit 
which    characterized 
their    ancestor,    and 
to-day  the    Rotch 
family  is  still   found 
at  the  front  in  efforts 
to  develop    the   city 
and     its     industries. 
The    senior  member 
of  the  family  is  Hon. 
William     J.     Rotch. 
He  is  a  son  of  Joseph 
Rotch    (a  great- 
gran  d  s  o  n  of    the 
Joseph  Rotch  above 
named),    and    was 
born  in  Philadelphia 
May    2,     1819.      In 
1838    he    was    grad- 
uated from  Harvard 
with  his  brother  Ben- 
jamin, the  brothers  being  the  two  marshals  of  the  class. 
Soon  after  this,  with  his  brother  and  Joseph  Ricketson, 
Mr.  Rotch  founded  the  New  Bedford  Cordage    Com- 
pany, which  has  developed  into  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful   industries   in  the   city.     Of  this  company  he  was 
president  for  thirty-four   years.      The   Rotch    brothers 
were    among   the  first  to  recognize    the  value    of    the 
McKay  sewing  machine,  which,  under  the  able  manage- 
ment of  Gordon  McKay,  has  obtained  world-wide  fame. 


Mr.  Rotch  is  president  of  the  Howland  Mills  Corpora- 
tion, the  new  Rotch  Spinning  Corporation  and  the 
Rotch  Wharf  Company.  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
New  Bedford  Institution  for  Savings  and  a  director  of 
most  of  the  im]jortant  manufacturing  and  financial 
enterprises  of  the  city,  as  well  as  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad.  In  these  and  many  other  positions  Mr.  Rotch 
has  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who  know 
him.     Mr.  Rotch's  career  in  public  life  has  been  limited 

only  by  his  own  in- 
clinations. In  1852 
he  was  elected  the 
second  mayor  of  the 
city  of  New  Bedford. 
Prior  to  this  he  had 
served  two  years  in 
the  General  Court. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  military  staff  of 
Governor  C 1  i  ff  o  rd  . 
But  his  ambitions 
were  not  centered  on 
political  preferment, 
and  he  could  not  be 
induced  to  aim 
higher.  He  has, 
however,  been  a 
steadfast  supporter 
of  the  Republican 
party  since  its  for- 
mation. Mr.  Rotch 
m  a  r  r  i  e  d,  in  1S42, 
Emily  Morgan, 
daughter  of  Charles 
W.  Morgan,  of  New 
Bedford.  She  died 
in  I  8  6  I ,  lea\'  i  ng 
seven  children,  all 
of  whom  are  still 
living.  In  1866  he 
married  Clara  Morgan,  and  they  have  one  daughter. 
Mr.  Rotch's  New  Bedford  residence  is  one  of  the  largest 
and  handsomest  in  the  city.  The  grounds  are  alike 
beautiful  and  extensive,  and  within  are  all  the  comforts 
which  wealth  can  bring.  Here,  surrounded  by  his 
family  and  the  friends  of  a  lifetime,  Mr.  Rotch  is  still 
actively  engaged  in  the  development  of  the  many  enter- 
prises with  which  he  is  jirominently  associated  and 
which  he  has  done  so  much  to  promote. 


WILLIAM   J.    ROTCH 


NEW  BEDFORD. 


361 


MORGAN  ROTCH  is  one  of  New  Bedford's  younger 
men  of  mark  who  has  won  distinction  in  her 
financial  and  poHtical  interests.  A  son  of  Hon.  Wil- 
liam J.  Rotch,  whose  life  is  sketched  on  another  page, 
he  was  born  in  New  Bedford  in  1848.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  Friends  Academy  in  his  native  city,  at 
the  Phillips  (Exeter)  Academy,  and  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1871.  .After 
leaving  Harvard  he  spent  a  year  in  European  travel, 
and  then  entered 
business  in  New  Bed  ■ 
ford,  first  as  a  cotton 
broker,  and  later  as 
a  stock  and  note 
broker.  In  the  lat- 
ter capacity  he  now 
does  a  very  extensive 
business,  and  his 
ofifice  is  one  of  the 
financial  centres  of 
the  city.  Mr.  Rotch 
is  president  of  the 
New  Bedford  Manu- 
facturing Company, 
and  his  services  are 
much  sought  after  in 
the  direction  of  the 
city's  most  important 
enterprises.  He  is 
now  a  director  of  the 
Howland  Mills  Cor- 
poration, the  Rotch 
Spinning  Corpora- 
tion, the  Pierce 
Manufacturing  C  o  r  - 
poration,  the  South- 
ern Massachusetts 
Telephone  Co m- 
pany,  the  National 
Bank  of  Commerce, 

the  New  Bedford  Cordage  Company,  the  New  Bedford 
Opera  House  Company  the  Pairpoint  Manufacturing 
Company,  and  the  Illinois  Steel  Company.  His  con- 
nection with  the  enterprises  with  which  he  is  associated 
is  always  an  active  one,  and  it  never  fails  to  be  for  the 
benefit  of  the  stockholders.  In  politics  Mr.  Rotch  has 
had  all  the  honors  he  has  sought,  and  has  refused  more. 
He  entered  the  Common  Council  of  the  city  as  a  young 
man  of  thirty,    and    made    his    influence   quickly   felt. 


MORGAN    ROTCH 


Four  years  in  succession  (1885-88)  he  was  elected  to 
the  mayor's  chair,  being  returned  on  each  occasion  by 
majorities  which  attested  his -growing  popularity.  His 
administration  was  marked  by  the  agitation  and  adop- 
tion of  many  much  needed  improvements,  including 
extensive  and  beneficial  work  upon  the  streets,  the  con- 
struction of  a  new  system  of  sewerage  in  a  thickly 
populated  part  of  the  city,  and  the  reorganization  of  the 
poor  department.     Since  he  left  the  mayor's  chair  Mr. 

Rotch  has  continued 
to    be    a   prominent 
figure    in    municipal 
affairs,  and  as  a  mem- 
ber  and    first  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of 
Public  Works,  which 
has  entire  charge  of 
the    streets,    he    has 
done,  and    is    doing, 
excellent   work    for 
the  city.  Mr.  Rotch's 
zealous  work  for  the 
Republican  party,  of 
which  he  has  always 
been    a    consistent 
adherent,  was  recog- 
nized   by    Governor 
.Ames,  who    selected 
him  as  a  member  of 
his  military  staff.    In 
1 89 1  he  was    elected 
to  the  State  Senate, 
where  he  served  with 
distinction    for   one 
term,  refusing  a  re- 
nomination  for  busi- 
ness   reasons.      Mr. 
Rotch  was  elected 
president  of  the  Bris- 
tol County  Agricultu- 
ral Society  in   1891,  and  his  association  with  and  work 
for  it  has  given  this   society  a  new  vigor.     On  Dec.  4, 
1879,  Mr.  Rotch   was   married   to   Miss   Josephine   G. 
Grinnell,  of   New  Bedford.     They   have   two   children. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Wamsutta  Club,  New  Bedford  ; 
the  Somerset,  Country,  and  Athletic  clubs,  Boston,  and 
the  Union  and  University   clubs,    New  York.     In   the 
social  and  financial  circles  of  the  two  last-named  cities 
Mr.  Rotch  is  well  known  and  ver)'  popular. 


362 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE  F.  BARTLETT  was  born  in  New  Bed- 
ford, May  4,  1828.     He  is  descended  from  the 
Rev.  Ivory  Hovey,  who  graduated   at  Har\ard  College 
in   1733   and   died   at   South   Plymouth    (.Manomet)    in 
1803,  aged    ninety   years.     Two  pastorates  covered    his 
life-work  at  Rochester  and  Manomet.     His  grandfather 
was  Deacon  Abner  Bartlett  of  Manomet,  prominent  in 
town  and  State  councils.     His  parents  were  Ivory  Ho\ey 
Bartlett  and  Betsy  Clark,  both  of    Manomet.     He  was 
educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools,  graduat- 
ing  at    the    high 
school,   December, 

1844.  He  attended 
Phi  11  i  13S  Academy, 
A  n  d  o  \'  e  r,  during 

1 845,  and  the  Friends 
Academy,  in  New 
Bedford,  the  winter 
terms  of  1845-46. 
He  is  a  Republican 
in  politics,  and  wor- 
ships with  the  Ortho- 
dox Congregational 
Church.  He  entered 
his  father's  counting- 
room  April  T,  1846, 
became  a  ]}artner  in 
1854,  and  is  the  sur- 
vi  vi  ng  ])  art  ner  of 
Ivory  H.  Bartlett  & 
Sons.  He  was 
elected  director  of 
the  Merchants'  Na- 
tional Bank  in  1865, 
and  a  member  of  the 
board  of  public  works 
in  1 89 1  for  three 
years,  now  serving  in 
both.     His    business 

is  whaling  and  commission.  His  firm  has  for  fifty-two 
years  been  the  purchasing  agents  for  the  London  house 
of  Langton  &  Bicknells,  and  in  1861  bought  twenty- 
four  whalers  for  the  Stone  fleet.  In  1852  he  married 
Clara  Gordon  Nye,  daughter  of  the  late  Gideon  Nye  and 
Sylvia  Hathaway  Nye,  of  Acushnet.  They  had  eight 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living.  His  eldest  son, 
the  late  Frederick  Carew  Smyth,  graduated  from  Har- 
vard College   in   1875,  ^nd  became  a  partner  with  the 


distinguished  law  firm  of  Crapo,  Clifford  &  Clifford.  In 
1877  he  took  passage  for  .San  Francisco  in  the  ship 
"Syren."  In  1878  he  visited  Europe,  going  from  New 
Bedford  to  London  docks  in  Norwegian  brig,  "  Noatum." 
In  1882  he  married  Abby  Gibbs  Wood,  daughter  of  the 
late  James  B.  Wood.  He  died  in  1886,  aged  thirty- 
three,  leaving  a  widow  and  two  sons,  Geoffrey  and  Clif- 
ford. He  was  twice  elected  selectman,  and  to  the  State 
Legislature,  from  Fairhaven,  and  was  serving  at  the  time 

of  his  death.  His 
second  son,  Gideon 
Nye,  was  a  passenger 
in  whaling  bark 
"Ocean,"  in  1874, 
returning  from  l''a\al 
in  the  "  Fredonia." 
He  visited,  on  busi- 
ness, the  Sandwich 
Islands  in  1875  and 
1876,  and  the  Arctic 
|fc|^  Ocean    in     1878    as 

>C-^  supercargo    of     ship 

"  Syren"  to  St.  Law- 
rence Bay,  Siberia, 
where  she  took  a 
cargo  of  oil  and 
bone  and  returned 
to  New  Bedfo  rd, 
while  he  continued 
to  the  Arctic  Ocean 
in  whaleship  "  Rain- 
bow," Cogan,  master, 
going  as  far  east  as 
Camden  Bay,  near 
McKenzie  River,  and 
west  to  Herald 
Islands.  He  now  is 
manager  of  the  To- 
bin  Whalebone  Com- 
pany.  New  York. 
He  married,  in  1881,  Stella  May  Smith,  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  has  two  children,  George  Gordon  and  Alice 
Church.  His  third  son,  the  late  George  F.,  Jr.,  died  in 
Mexico,  in  1881,  in  the  employ  of  Kidder,  Peabody 
&  Co.,  of  Boston,  at  the  Cusihuiriachic  mining  camp, 
after  three  months'  residence  there,  aged  twenty-four 
years.  His  youngest  son,  Clarence  Hathaway,  entered 
the  employ  of  the  banking  house  of  Sanford  &:  Kelley, 
of  New  Bedford,  in  1885,  where  he  is  now  book-keeper. 


GEORGE    F.   BARTLETT 


NEW  BEDFORD. 


363 


NO  man  has  been  more  prominently  associated  with 
the  public  affairs  of  New  Bedford  during  the  last 
half   century    than  George    B.   Richmond.     Mr.   Rich- 
mond is  a  nati\e  of  the  city,  and  was  born  Nov.  9,  182 1, 
his  parents  being  Gideon  Richmond,  of  Dighton,  and 
Rebecca    (Barstow)   Richmond,   of   Scituate.     He    was 
educated  at  the  schools  of  New  Bedford  and  Middle- 
boro,  and  at  Brown  University,   where   ill    health    cut 
short  his  studies  during  the  first  term  of  his  junior  year. 
Returning    to     New 
Bedford,  he   entered 
on    a    business    life, 
and    i  m  m  e  d  i  a  t  e  1  y 
became        identified 
with    the    public    in- 
terests  of    the    city. 
In     1 85 1      he      was 
elected  to  the   State 
Legislature     on    the 
Whig    ticket.      In 
1 86 1     he    was    ap- 
l)ointed       inspector, 
weigher,  ganger  and 
measurer  in  the  New 
Bedford   C  u  s  t  o  m 
House,    and    heUl 
that  office  till  he  re- 
signed in  1874.     Mr. 
Richmond    was    five 
times  mayor  of  New 
Bedford.     For  twelve 
successive      years, 
with  a  single  excep- 
tion,  he   was   before 
the    people    as    the 
champion    of    pro- 
hibition and  the  en- 
forcement   of     the 
liquor   laws,   and  he 
sat    in    the    mayor's 

chair  in  the  years  1870,  1871,  1872,  1874  and  187S. 
His  administration  won  wide  attention  and  was  cited 
everywhere  by  temperance  advocates  as  proving  the 
efficiency  of  Prohibition  liquor  laws  when  honestly 
enforced.  To  this  day  the  name  of  George  B.  Rich- 
mond makes  the  blood  of  a  New  Bedford  liquor  seller 
run  cold.  His  administration  of  the  city's  affairs  was 
also  signalized  by  a  new  era  in  the  extension  of  streets 
and  by  many  other  important  improvements  incidental 


GEORGE    B.    RICHMOND 


to  its  development  from  a  whaling  to  a  great  manufac- 
turing city.  In  State  affairs  Mr.  Richmond  has  been 
most  prominent.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  by  Gover- 
nor Washburn  one  of  the  police  commissioners  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  remained  on  the  commission  till 
it  was  abolished.  In  1880  and  1881  he  represented  his 
district  in  the  State  Senate,  and  was  chairman  in  the 
latter  year  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Charitable 
Institutions    and    the    Liquor   Laws.     In  1883   he   was 

appointed  registrar 
of  deeds  for  the 
Southern  Bristol  Dis- 
trict, to  fill  a  vacancy, 
and  he  has  since 
occupied  this  posi- 
tion by  the  choice 
of  the  people  again 
and  again  expressed. 
He  has  been  a  trus- 
tee of  Westboro  In- 
'Utt         ,  sane    Asylum     since 

1886  by  appointment 
of  C;o\  ernors  Robin- 
son, Ames  and  Rus- 
sell. For  years  Mr. 
Richmond  has  been 
a  Republican  leader. 
As  member  of  the 
Repul)lican  State 
Committee,  chair- 
man of  the  Republi- 
can City  Committee, 
and  in  many  similar 
capacities  he  has 
done  invaluable 
work  for  his  party. 
In  1888  he  declined 
further  election  to 
these  offices.  But  he 
is  still  as  then  an 
ardent  Republican.  Mr.  Richmond  is  chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  First  Baptist  Society,  a  member 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  was  for  five  years  superin- 
tendent of  its  Sunday  school.  He  was  for  seven  years 
president  of  the  New  Bedford  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association.  He  is  now  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Five 
Cents  Savings  Bank.  Mr.  Richmond  has  been  thrice 
married  and  has  had  seven  children,  of  whom  five  are 
living. 


364 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    D.    HOWLAND. 


WILLIAM  D.  HOWLAND  is  a  prominent  rep- 
resentative of  the  mill  interests  of  New  Bed- 
ford. As  treasurer  of  the  New  Bedford  Manufacturing 
Company,  the  Rowland  Mills  Corporation  and  the 
recently  organized  Rotch  Spinning  Corporation,  he 
directs  the  affairs  of  three  of  the  most  im])ortant  manu- 
facturing enterprises  of  the  city.  Mr.  Howland  is  the 
youngest  son  of  Matthew  and  Rachel  Howland,  and  was 
born  in  New  Bedford  in  1853.  His  family  name  is  one 
which  has  always  been  prominent  in  the  history  of  New 
Bedford,  and  his  ancestors  for  several  generations  have 
held  positions  of  honor  in  the  community.  His  grand- 
father, George  Howland,  who  was  born  in  Fairhaven  in 
1 781,  was  one  of  the  old-time  whaling  merchants  of 
New  Bedford,  and  one  of  its  most  prominent  and  re- 
spected citizens.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the 
Bedford  Commercial  Bank,  now  the  National  Bank  of 
Commerce,  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Insti- 
tution for  Savings,  and  a  pioneer  in  the  movement 
which  brought  the  railroad  to  New  Bedford.  His  son, 
Matthew,  the  father  of  William  D.,  also  engaged  in  the 
whaling  business.  He  was  a  director  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Commerce,  and  was  closely  and  liberally  iden- 
tified with  many  efforts  for  the  moral  and  religious 
improvement  of  the  community.  Mr.  Howland  was 
educated  at  the  Friends  Academy  in  his  native  city, 
and  at  Brown  University.  He  entered,  in  1879,  the 
employ  of  the  A\'amsutta  Mills  Corporation.  Four  years 
later  he  organized  the  New  Bedford  Manufacturing 
Company  for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  yarns.  In  this 
project  he  was  aided  by  many  friends  of  the  How- 
land family,  who  were  probably  led  to  interest  them- 
selves in  it  more  from  personal  than  from  business 
considerations.  But  before  many  months  had  passed 
they  found  that  the    in\estment  was    to  prove  a  most 


valuable  one.  Almost  from  the  start  the  record  of  the 
concern  has  been  one  of  constant  growth  and  exten- 
sion. In  the  spring  of  1886  a  second  and  larger  mill 
was  built  by  the  company.  In  1888  the  Howland  Mills 
were  erected  by  a  new  corporation  composed  largely 
of  the  same  individuals.  Soon  a  second  Howland  Mill 
was  erected,  and  to  this  a  large  addition  was  made 
later.  And  now,  in  1892,  the  Rotch  Spinning  Corpo- 
ration has  been  organized,  and  its  fine  new  mill  is  al- 
ready partially  in  operation.  The  three  concerns, 
though  quite  distinct,  are  yet  closely  allied.  Their  total 
capital  stock  is  $2,000,000,  and  they  have  in  all  136,000 
spindles.  The  Howland  Mill  Village  has  acquired  al- 
most a  national  reputation.  This  splendid  collection 
of  workmen's  homes  is  the  outcome  of  a  plan  formed 
by  Mr.  Howland  in  1888  by  which  to  secure  and  retain 
the  best  class  of  operatives.  A  large  tract  of  land  was 
laid  out  by  the  corporation,  with  wide,  well-built  streets, 
and  some  fifty  or  more  model  single  houses,  fitted 
with  all  modern  conveniences,  and  surrounded  by  an 
abundance  of  ground,  were  built.  These  houses  are 
let  or  sold  outright  on  reasonable  terms  to  the  em- 
ployees, and  effort  is  put  forth  to  make  them  in  every 
way  as  attractive  as  possible.  The  scheme  was  under- 
taken not  from  ])hilanthropic  but  from  the  broadest 
economic  motives.  The  result  has  been  most  encour- 
aging, and  has  shown  that  consideration  for  the  welfare 
of  the  help  proves  mutually  beneficial.  Mr.  Howland 
is  also  president  of  the  Pierce  &  Bushnell  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  manufacturers  of  pastels,  etchings,  etc.,  a 
trustee  of  the  New  Bedford  Institution  for  Savings,  and 
a  director  of  the  National  Bank  of  Commerce  and  the 
New  Bedford  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  politics,  and  a  strong  believer  in  protection 
as  a  factor  in  the  development  of  American  industries. 


^KsJUi  --'  ^<'V:.    (^ 


THE  site  on  which  the  city  of  Lowell  was  founded  is  full  of  historic  interest,  for  here  gathered  the  redskin  to 
partake  of  Nature's  l)ounties,  and  here  came  the  settler  to  take  advantage  of  Nature's  inducements  and 
usurp  the  reign  of  the  Indian.  Like  all  New  England  cities  and  towns,  Lowell's  history  is  interw-o\en  with  that  of 
an  old-time  parish,  for  before  Lowell  there  was  East  Chelmsford,  a  hamlet  in  the  wilderness  north  of  Boston,  with 
a  tavern  for  the  accommodation  of  wayfarers  on  the  higl\way  between  Boston  and  Vermont. 

This  was  at  the  opening  of  the  present  century,  and  eight  years  before  "  The  Proprietors  of  the  Locks  and 
Canals  on  the  Merrimack  River"  had  been  incorporated,  and  a  canal  around  the  falls  in  the  Merrimack,  now  Paw- 
tucket  Falls,  built.  Through  this  canal  was  floated,  from  time  to  time,  lumber  from  the  North  to  the  sea.  Twenty 
years  later,  the  insignificant  hamlet  had  become  a  village,  with  two  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants,  several  indus- 
tries, a  grist  mill,  and  a  water  highway  to  Boston.  But  the  creative  hand  of  enterprise  had  not  touched  the  mighty 
force  of  the  Merrimack  ;  only  the-falls  in  its  tributary,  the  Concord,  were  yielding  wealth  through  its  industries. 

To  Francis  Cabot  Lowell,  New  England  is  indebted  for  it.s  cotton  industries,  for  in  1813,  with  Patrick  T. 
Jackson  and  Nathan  .\ppleton,  he  obtained  an  act  of  incorporation  to  manufacture,  and  his  plans  were  a  few  years 
later,  though  after  his  death,  put  into  execution  at  Lowell  in  1822  by  the  erection  of  a  cotton  mill,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Merrimack  Manufacturing  Company. 

This  company  paid  nearly  fifty  thousand  dollars  for  water  rights  on  the  Pawtucket  canal,  and  Sept.  i,  1823, 
the  first  wheel  was  started.  A  year  later  St.  Anne's  Church  was  built,  and  soon  after  came  the  incorporation  of 
other  mills  named  after  the  early  mill  owners,  Appleton,  Boott  and  Jackson. 

L'ntil  1836  Lowell  was  still  a  town,  but  of  size  and  importance  to  receive  municipal  privileges,  which  this 
year  were  granted.  The  pioneer  cotton  manufactories  were  drawing  thousands  of  people,  and  the  tide  did  not 
turn  until  the  panic  of  1857.  The  cotton  mills  suffered  with  the  other  industries  of  the  country.  For  a  time  the 
growth  was  checked,  but  in  1870  the  population  was  40,928,  the  area  3,838  acres,  with  fifty  miles  of  streets,  and 
property  valued  at  $25,922,488.  There  were  fifteen  manufacturing  corporations  and  seven  other  concerns,  with 
property  valued  at  twelve  millions.  The  last  census  shows  that  the  population  exceeds  80,000,  making  it  the 
thirty-seventh  in  the  list  of  American  cities,  and  in  point  of  industries  entitled  to  the  name  of  the  "  Manchester  of 
America."  Since  1836  its  area  had  increased  fourfold  ;  it  had  11,200  dwellings,  valued  at  $62,046,799.  Its  accepted 
streets  were  over  no  miles  in  length,  with  nine  miles  granite  paved,  and  56  miles  of  sewers.  Its  water  is  the 
best  and  its  gas  the  cheapest  in  New  England.  The  forty  incorporated  companies  had  property  valued  at 
$26,224,115,  while  in  textile  mills  were  employed  24,172  persons,  2,838  in  machine  shops,  1,050  in  wood  working, 
560  in  leather,  and  2,500  in  other  industries,  a  total  of  31,120  operatives. 

The  character  of  the  people  is  exemplary,  riots  or  strikes  being  almost  unknown,  there  being  little. or  no 
vagabond  element  and  no  socialistic  agitation  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the  community.  A  large  proportion  of  the 
wage  earners  are  housed  in  their  own  homes.  When  the  mills  were  first  opened  the  operatives  were  drawn  from 
the  towns  and  villages  of  New  England.  Now  all  is  changed,  for  the  foreign  element,  represented  by  French 
Canadians,  British,  Irish  and  Swedes  have  flocked  in,  readily  finding  work  as  new  industries  are  developed.  The 
cost  of  living  is  lower  than  in  any  other  city  in  the  country,  due  to  the  boarding-house  system,  inaugurated  when 
the  cotton  mills  were  first  built.  It  costs  a  man  $2.90  per  week  and  a  woman  S2.25  for  good  substantial  food  at 
these  boarding-houses,  and  the  corporation  pays  a  stated  sum  for  each  boarder. 

The  industries  are  manifold,  but  cotton  manufacturing  is  the  staple  of  the  great  trade.  The  annual  output 
in  1891  was  over  257,800,000  yards  of  cloth,  and  103,000,000  yards  of  calico  printed,  in  seven  corporations, 
valued  at  $19,572,556  ;  eight  mills  manufacturing  woollens  and  carpets  had  an  output  of  $11,422,921  ;  twelve  mills 
making  elastic  webbing,  suspenders,  etc.,  aggregate  a  business  of  $5,550,000  ;  bleachery  and  dye  works,  $1,000,500  ; 
machinery,  $6,460,000;  wood  working,  $4,180,500;  mill  supplies,  $2,000,000;  medicines  and  perfumes, 
^6,000,000;  miscellaneous,  $5,000,000,  a  total  amount  of  business  of  $76,503,782. 


366 


MASSACHUSETTS   0/    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE  W.  FIFIELD,  ex-mayor  of  the  city 
of  Lowell,  is  the  largest  manufacturer  of  engine 
lathes  in  the  United  States,  and  a  worker  in  the  iron 
business  extensively  known  in  manufacturing  circles. 
He  is  a  native  of  Belmont,  N.  H.,  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years  went  to  Lowell,  and  became  an  appren- 
tice in  the  machinery  trade.  He  has  made  his  home 
there  ever  since,  and  from  a  machinist's  apprentice  he 
became  a  master  workman  and  finally  in  a  small  way 
branched  out  into 
building  engine 

lathes,    a  business  

which  has  had  a  sur- 
prising  growth. 
These  have  been 
years  of  hard  work 
for  JMr.  Fifield,  and 
he  has  attended 
strictly  to  his  busi- 
ness, entering  public 
life  but  seldom.  He 
first  became  well 
known  as  an  alder- 
man, serving  in  1883 
and  1884,  and  his 
work  there  indicated 
that  he  was  business 
to  the  backbone.  In 
1891  and  1892  he 
served  as  mayor  of 
the  city,  defeating  at 
the  polls,  on  two  oc- 
casions, the  strongest 
Republican  candi- 
date who  could  be 
pitted  against  him . 
Politically,  he  is  a 
Democrat  of  the 
stanchest  kind,  and 
has  been  for  several 

years  on  the  Democratic  State  Central  Committee.  Mr. 
Fifield  is  looked  upon  as  the  type  of  a  conser\  ative,  sub- 
stantial business  man,  one  of  whom  all  Lowell  speaks  in 
highest  terms,  and  one  who  as  a  mayor  was  thoroughly  be- 
lieved in  by  the  taxpayers  of  the  city.  He  has  shown  his 
business  ability  in  his  management  of  the  Lowell  Elec- 
tric Light  Company,  of  which  he  has  been  president 
since  1883,  and  since  which  time  it  has  developed  from 
a  small  plant  in  a  hired  building  to  one  of  the  largest 


GEORGE    W.    FIFIELD 


electric  companies  of  New  England,  with  buildings 
covering  a  large  territory.  It  was  perhaps  this  fact  more 
than  any  other  which  brought  Mr.  Fifield  prominently 
before  the  public  as  a  business  representative  of  the 
people.  His  own  business  he  had  developed  from  a 
small  shop  to  a  big  one  employing  scores  of  skilled 
mechanics.  Mr.  Fifield  has  inany  financial  enterprises 
in  different  parts  of  the  country,  and  to  look  after  their 
interests  he  travels  a   great   deal.     Whenever  political 

material  is  needed  in 
the     big    campaigns 
Mr.    Fifield   is   the 
most  sought  after  of 
all  the  Lowell  manu- 
f  ac  t  u  r  e  r  s,  as    his 
knowledge  of  the 
manufacturing  inter- 
ests of  all  sections  of 
the   country    is  very 
extensive.    Espe- 
cially in  mining  mat- 
ters is  he  conversant, 
and  besides  he  is  a 
believer  in  free  coal 
and  iron   as   the 
greatest  need  of  New 
England     industries. 
Personally,    Mr.    Fi- 
field is  a  very  enter- 
taining   talker,    and 
whatever  he    says   is 
strictly  reliable.     As 
mayor  of  the  city  he 
gave   a    purely  busi- 
ness   atlministration, 
and    tax]>ayers  with- 
out regartl    to   party 
had  the  greatest  con- 
fidence in  him.    He 
declined   to  serve 
another  term,  owing  to  the  demands  of  his  business.    He 
is   in  the  directory  of  the  Lowell  banks,  and  resides  in 
a  magnificent   house  in  the    Highlands.     Like  all  resi- 
dents of  that  section  of  the  city,  he  does  his  utmost  to 
make  it  the  ideal  residential  ward.     Mr.  Fifield's  name 
has   often  been  mentioned  in   connection  with   higher 
political  honors  than  the  mayoralty  of  Lowell,  but  his 
large  business  interests  are  such  that  he  cannot  neglect 
them.     In  the  social  life  of  Lowell,  he  is  very  popular. 


LOWELL. 


367 


JOHN  JAMES  PICKMAN,  mayor  elect  of  Lowell, 
was  born  in  this  city,  Jan.  9,  1850.  He  comes  from 
rugged  Scotch  stock,  his  father,  David  Pickman,  being 
the  personification  of  sturdy  honesty  and  sterling  worth, 
and  though  of  Scotch  birth,  a  patriotic  and  zealous 
American  citizen  to  those  of  the  city  who  shared  his 
acquaintance.  The  mayor  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  years  he  was  graduated  from  the  high  school 
and  entered  at  once 
upon  the  study  of  law, 

being    graduated    at  ' 

the  Harvard  Law 
School  in  1869,  while 
lacking  two  years  of 
his  majority.  On  his 
attaining  his  twenty- 
first  birthday  he  was 
admitted  to  practice 
in  the  Middlesex 
County  bar,  and  at 
once  laid  the  foun- 
dation of  that  repu- 
tation which  justifies 
his  choice  of  a  pro- 
fession. Mayor  Pick- 
man  has  had  a  varied 
municipal  and  legis- 
lative experience, 
having  first  been  sent 
to  the  Common 
Council  in  1876  and 
1877  from  his  own 
ward,  then  in  1879 
and  1880  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the 
General  Court,  and 
from  1882  to  1885 
to  the  School  Board, 
in  all  of  which  ofifices 

he  performed  painstaking  and  conscientious  work.  In 
1885  he  was  commissioned  an  associate  justice  of  the 
Police  Court  by  Governor  Ames,  and  he  still  retains  the 
office,  sitting  on  criminal  and  civil  cases  whenever  the 
regular  justice  is  absent.  In  1886  he  was  city  solicitor, 
and  his  important  cases  of  the  year  were  the  suits 
brought  by  the  largest  manufacturing  corporations  to 
recover  excess  in  taxation  of  their  property  by  the  city 
assessors.     The  cases  commenced   at   this   time  have 


I 


JOHN    J.    PICKMAN. 


only  just  been  finished,  and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that 
the  legal  questions  raised  and  finally  decided  by  the 
highest  court  in  the  Commonwealth  were  without  prec- 
edent. Professionally,  Mayor  Pickman  is  a  self-reliant, 
sound  and  safe  practitioner,  who  is  widely  and  thor- 
oughly esteemed  by  his  associates  at  the  bar.  He  is 
a  speaker  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  and  is  sure  to 
impress  his  hearers  with  his  earnestness  and  his  sin- 
cerity.    Personally,  Mayor  Pickman  is  a  man  of  varied 

attainments  and  de- 
lightful character. 
He  has  a  genial  and 
hearty  disposition,  a 
keen  wit  and  a  rich 
store   of   literary 
knowledge.      He     is 
an    ardent    lover   of 
nature,  and  enjoys  no 
leisure     better    than 
that     which     comes 
with    a    life    in   the 
camp,  a  tramp  among 
the  hills  or  a  voyage 
in  a  frail  canoe.     He 
has  been  abroad  sev- 
eral   times,   and    his 
observations  have 
given  him  an  origi- 
nality  of   thought, 
wh  i  c  h,    wh  en    ex- 
pressed, is  both  de- 
lightfully entertaining 
and    instructive. 
Mayor  Pickman  is  a 
member    of    the 
Mayors'    _Club,    is    a 
Freemason,  and  has 
had  great  success  as 
the  president  of  the 
Lowell  Republican 
Club.     Despite   the   fact   that  Lowell   is  a  Democratic 
stronghold,  he  was  elected  upon  the  Republican  ticket 
to  the  mayoralty, — a  worthy  expression  of  his  popularity 
among  the  citizens  of  his  native  city,  regardless  of  party 
lines.    His  extended  experience  in  municipal  affairs,  his 
ability  as  a  lawyer  and  his  wide  culture  conspire  to  make 
Mayor  Pickman  a  thoroughly  representative  man  of  the 
Commonwealth.     It  is  anticipated  that  his  administra- 
tion as  mayor  will  be  successful. 


368 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


FREDERIC  T.  GREENHALGE,  lawyer  and  orator, 
who  represented  the  Eighth  Massachusetts  Con- 
gressional District  in  the  Fifty-first  Congress,  is  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  of  Lowell's  many  lawyers,  and  an  ora- 
tor and  political  speaker  of  great  reputation  throughout 
New  England.     He  was  born  in  Clitheroe,  a  parliamen- 
tary borough  of  England,  in  the   county  of  I^ancaster, 
July  19,  1842.    His  father,  William  Greenhalge,  removed 
to  Lowell  in    1854,  and  assumed  charge  of  the  copper 
roller    engraving    in 
the  Merrimack  Print 
Works.      His    son, 
Frederic,  entered  the 
public   schools,  and 
passed  the  grammar 
and    high    school 
grades,  attracting  at- 
tention  as  a  scholar 
of  unusual  ability. 
He    graduated    from 
the    high    school   as 
a  Carney    medal 
scholar.     Li    debate 
and  declamation 
young  Greenhalge 
had  already  made  his 
mark,  the  forecast  of 
of   a  brilliant  career 
in  later  life.   In  1859 
he  entered    Harvard 
College,  intending  to 
pursue   a   full   colle- 
giate course,  but  the 
death    of    his   father 
brought  him  face  to 
face  with   the   r  e- 
sponsibilities    of   life 
in  a  busy  world,  and 
so,  relintiuishing  his 
hopes  for  a   college 

education,  he  secured  a  teacher's  position.  While  pur- 
suing this  vocation  he  found  time  to  study  law,  and  just 
before  the  outbreak  of  the  war  entered  the  law  office 
of  Brown  &  Alger.  In  1S63  he  went  into  the  army, 
and  was  connected  with  the  commissary  department  at 
Newbern,  N.  C.  While  there  he  was  stricken  with  ma- 
larial fever,  and  after  months  of  sickness  he  was  sent 
home.  Slowly  he  recovered,  and  then  resumed  the 
study  of  law,  and  in  1865  was  admitted  to  the  Middle- 


FREDERIC   T.   GREENHALGE 


sex  bar.  He  early  received  recognition  for  his  abili- 
ties, and  in  Lowell  became  quite  popular.  In  1868  and 
1869  he  served  in  the  Common  Council,  and  in  1871 
was  elected  to  the  School  Board  for  two  years.  He 
devoted  himself  strictly  to  the  practice  of  his  profession, 
and  received  the  appointment  of  special  justice  of  the 
Municipal  Court.  In  the  years  1880  and  1881  he  was 
elected  mayor,  and  his  administration  was  a  successful 
and  thoroughly  business-like  one.    From  this  time  on  he 

became  recognized 
as  a  speaker  of   ex- 
ceptional   brilliancy, 
and    especially  upon 
educational  topics  he 
was  in  demand  as  a 
lecturer.     In  the  po- 
litical   campaign    of 
i888  the  Republicans 
nominated    him    for 
congressman,  and  he 
was    elected    a  m  i  d 
great  enthusiasm.  At 
\V  ashing  ton  he  at 
once  took  a  foremost 
position  in  the  ranks 
of  the  House  leaders, 
his   speeches  receiv- 
ing immediate  atten- 
tion from    the  press 
all  over  the  country, 
especially  his  debates 
as  a  member  of  the 
Inflections  Committee 
during  the  legislative 
fight  over  the  unseat- 
ing of  several  South- 
ern  Democrats,  and 
the   seating  of  Re- 
publicans in  their 
stead.     In    1890  he 
was  again  a  candidate,  but  failed  to  secure  a  re-elec- 
tion,   and    for   the    time  being    his    political   career  is' 
ended.     Mr.  Greenhalge  has    a  great  depth  of  knowl- 
edge, and  this,  combined  with  keen  wit,  makes  him  a 
favorite   speaker   at    important   gatherings,   educational 
and  religious.     He  has  held  and    still  holds  many  minor 
but  important  offices,  as   commissioner  in  insolvency, 
and  master  in  many  law  cases.     He  has  been  president 
of  the  Unitarian  Club  of  Lowell. 


LOWELL. 


369 


CHARLES  I.   HOOD,  proprietary  medicine  manu- 
facturer, was  born  in  Chelsea,  the  shire  town  of 
Orange  County,  Vermont,  in  1845,  his  father,  Amos  R. 
Hood,  being  a  native  of  the  town,  and  for  many  years 
the  leading  druggist.     In   his   early  life   he  acquired  a 
liking  for  the  drug  trade,  and   was  in  the  store  enough 
to  get  a  general  idea  of  the  business.     He  obtained  his 
education  at  the  common  schools  and  at  the  academy 
in  Chelsea,  and  immediately  after  completing  his  aca- 
demic   course    went 
to  Lowell  with  a  de- 
termination to  thor- 
oughly master  all  the 
details   of    the   drug 
trade.     He  served  a 
five  years'  apprentice- 
ship   with    Samuel 
Kidder,  one   of    the 
best  known  of  Low- 
ell's druggists,  and  at 
the  expiration  of  the 
time  took   the    posi- 
tion  of  prescription 
clerk    in   the    estab- 
lishment of  Theodore 
Metcalf  &  Co.,  Bos- 
ton, where  he  gained 
an  experience  which 
has  been    invaluable 
to    him     in    buying 
materials  for  and   in 
the     i)reparation     of 
medicines.     In  1870 
he  left  Metcalf's  and 
with  a  partner  opened 
a  drug  store  in  Low- 
ell at  the  corner  of 
Merrimack  and  Cen- 
tral streets.     It  was 
while   here  that  Mr. 

Hood  conceived  the  idea  of  making  and  offering  to  the 
public  a  new  medicine,  —  Hood's  sarsaparilla.  In  1875 
the  young  druggists  began  in  a  small  way  to  compound 
the  sarsaparilla,  and  to-day  the  preparation  is  known 
and  used  all  over  the  world.  Mr.  Hood  has  manufac- 
tured sarsaparilla  ever  since,  and  in  doing  so  has  paid 
strict  attention  to  his  business,  declining  all  invitations 
to  allow  his  name  to  be  used  for  political  honors,  and  in 
fact  keeping  personally  out  of  public  sight,  but  enter- 


CHARLES    I.    HOOD. 


prisingly  pushing  his  preparations  into  the  best  markets. 
To  pen  a  sketch  of  Mr.  Hood  is  to  describe  the  wonder- 
ful growth  of  the  manufacture  of  Hood's  sarsaparilla. 
The  sales  increased  rapidly,  and  in  1878  the  drug  store 
becoming  overcrowded,  a  floor  in  the  Southwick  Block 
was  taken.  Next  year  larger  quarters  were  demanded, 
and  accordingly  a  five  years'  lease  of  a  wooden  building 
on  Church  Street  was  taken.  In  three  years  the  busi- 
ness had  increased  so  wonderfully  that  greater  accom- 

m  o  d  a  t  i  o  n  s    were 
needed,  and  land  on 
Thorndike     Street 
was  purchased.     Up 
till  1878  two  hundred 
square    feet    in    area 
accommodated    the 
business ;    the    fine 
four-story  brick 
building   erected    in 
1883   covered  5,000 
square  feet  of  land. 
In  18S6,  an  addition 
to  this  building  made 
the    entire    structure 
229  feet  long  and  50 
feet  wide,  a  total  floor 
area,    including  the 
boiler  house,  of  62,- 
000    square     feet. 
Another  big  addi- 
tion   was     made 
last     year,      making 
the  building  the 
largest  in  the  world 
devoted  to  medicine 
preparation.       The 
capacity  of  the  stor- 
age tanks  is  195,000 
bottles.     The   entire 
preparation    of     the 
article  is  made  in  the  building.     Printers'  ink,  through 
the  medium  of  6,500  newspapers,  is  the  secret  of  Mr. 
Hood's  success.     Mr.  Hood  loves  the  turf,  owns  several 
fast  trotters,  and  maintains   at  Andover  the  best  stock 
farm  in  New  England.     His  latest  addition  to  his  farm 
is  a  fine  herd  of  blooded  Jersey  cows.     Mr.  Hood  has 
made  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  business  successes 
not  only  in  New  England,  but  in  America,  and  it  is  a 
success  deserved  by  honest  effort. 


37° 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES    HERBERT   ALLEN,    ex-congressman, 
was  born  in  Lowell,  April   15,  1844,  and  is  the 
son   of   Mr.    Otis   Allen,    one    of   the    oldest    manufac- 
turers in   this  city.     He  was    educated    in   the    public 
schools,  and  after  being  graduated  from  the  high  school 
in   1865,  entered  Amherst  College,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1869.     Returning  to  Lowell,  he  was  admit- 
ted to  partnership  with   his  father  in  the   box-making 
business,  in   1872,  and  he  still  carries  on  that  industry, 
his  father,  who  is 
nearly    eighty-two 
years  of  age,  having 
retired.      Mr.    Allen 
first  entered  politics 
by  being  elected  to 
the   School  Board  in 
1874,   and    in  that 
body   he    sat  until 
1881,   when   he   was 
elected   to  the  Gen- 
eral Court  as  a  repre- 
sentative.   Serving 
two   years   there,  he 
was  elected  in   1883 
to    the    Senate,   and 
his  growing  popular- 
ity won  for  him   the 
congressional    nomi- 
nation the  following 
year,  and  an  election 
followed,   and   a   re- 
election   in    1886. 
The  two  terms  sjjent 
in  Congress  ga\e  him 
many  opportunities 
to  become  a  familiar 
figure   in    national 
politics,   andj  in    his 
second  term  the  effi- 
cient work  performed 

as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  won 
for  him  instant  recognition  and  the  approval  of  Senator 
Dawes.  He  was  strongly  urged  to  take  a  renomination 
in  1886,  but  was  forced  to  decline  owing  to  the  demands 
of  his  father's  business,  Mr.  Otis  Allen,  then  eighty  years 
old,  desiring  to  retire.  Mr.  Allen  received  his  honorary 
title  of  colonel  by  being  a  member  of  Governor  Robin- 
son's staff.  He  did  not  again  take  active  part  in  poli- 
tics until  the  fall  of  1891,  when  he  was  prevailed  upon 


CHARLES    H.    ALLEN 


to  stand  as  the  Rejiublican  gubernatorial  candidate. 
Mr.  Allen  then  took  the  stump,  and  by  his  speeches 
proved  that  he  was  a  speaker  of  more  than  ordinary 
brilliancy.  He  worked  indefatigably  upon  the  stump, 
but  was  defeated  at  the  polls  by  Governor  Russell. 
Colonel  Allen  is  well  known  socially,  not  only  in  Lowell 
but  throughout  the  State.  He  has  a  fine  residence  on 
Rolfe  Street,  surrounded  by  seven  acres  of  beautifully 
laid-out    grounds,    overlooking    the    Merrimack    River. 

He  belongs  to  sev- 
eral social  clubs  and 
to  the  Union  Club 
of  Boston.  While  in 
Congress  Colonel 
Allen  received  al- 
most national  atten- 
tion by  his  entering 
the  ranks  of  the 
amateur  photogra- 
phers, and  while 
on  the  Indian  reser- 
vations in  the  \\'est 
h  e  secured  m  any 
valuable  negatives, 
which  have  since 
p  r  o  \'  e  n  good  ma- 
terial for  interesting 
lectures  in  aid  of  the 
impro\ement  of  the 
condition  of  the  In- 
dians. In  the  Fif- 
tieth Congress  Mr. 
Allen  served  on  the 
Committee  on  Post- 
Offices  and  Post 
Roads  —  an  impor- 
tant committee  hav 
ing  at  its  disposal 
sixty  millions  of 
money.  He  was  the 
only  member  from  New  England  on  this  committee. 
Mr.  Allen  was  married  in  Manchester,  N.  H.,  Nov.  10, 
1870,  to  Harriet  C,  daughter  of  James  and  Sarah  B. 
(Chase)  Dean.  Of  this  union  were  two  children  : 
Bertha  and  Louise  Allen.  Mr.  Allen  is  a  member  of  the 
Masonic  order.  It  is  unfortunate  that  the  demands  of 
private  business  should  deprive  the  Commonwealth  of 
his  public  services.  As  a  business  man  Mr.  .-Mien  is 
highly  respected  by  all  associated  with  him. 


LOWELL. 


371 


FREDERICK  AVER,  the  foremost  business  man  of 
Lowell,  Mass.,  was  born  in  Ledyard,  Conn., 
December  8,  1822,  and  recei\ed  the  rudiments  of  his 
education  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  town. 
He  early  entered  upon  his  commercial  career,  as  clerk 
in  the  general  store  of  'I'omlinson  &  Co.,  Baldwinsville, 
N.  Y.  When  twenty  years  old  he  became  partner  of 
the  same  firm  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  After  three  years  he 
retired  and  became  a  partner  of  Hon.  Dennis  McCarthy, 
this  partnership  con- 
tinuing eleven  years.  _ 
In  1855  Mr.  Ayer 
removed  to  Lowell 
and  joined  his* 
brother,  Dr.  James 
C.  x^yer,  in  the  manu- 
facture of  proprietary 
medicines,  under  the 
name  of  J.  C.  Ayer 
&  Co.  In  1877  this 
concern  was  incor- 
porated as  the  J.  C. 
.\  y  e  r  Co  m  p  a  n  y  , 
Frederick  .\yer  be- 
ing appointed  treas- 
urer, which  office  he 
still  retains.  He  is 
identified  with  sev- 
eral banking  and 
other  incorporated 
enterprises  in  New 
England.  In  187 1 
James  C.  and  Fred- 
erick Ayer  purchased 
a  controlling  interest 
in  the  Tremont  Mills 
and  Suffolk  Manu- 
facturing Company. 
Both  these  corpora- 
tions were  bankrupt. 

Being  contiguous,  a  consolidation  was  subsequently 
effected  under  the  name  of  the  Tremont  &  Suffolk 
Mills,  and  this  corporation  is  now  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful .in  New  England.  Mr.  Ayer  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Lowell  &:  .'\ndover  Railroad,  and  was 
early  made  its  i)resident,  which  office  he  still  holds. 
He  is  treasurer  of  the  Portage  Canal  in  Michigan,  and 
a  director  of  the  Lake  Superior  Ship  Canal  Railway  and 
Iron  Company,  which  has  a  capital  of  four  million  dol- 


FREDERICK   AYER 


lars.  He  is  also  interested  in  large  horticultural  and 
mining  enterprises.  In  1885  Mr.  .'\yer  purchased  the 
Washington  Mills,  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  immediately 
reorganized  the  plant  under  the  name  of  the  Washing- 
ton Mills  Company.  He  became  its  first  president, 
and  is  now  treasurer.  New  mills  have  been  built,  new 
machinery  added,  new  manufactures  introduced,  and 
the  concern  forms  the  largest  woollen  manufactory  in 
America.     In  1871  Mr.  Ayer  served  as  alderman,  during 

which  period  small- 
pox appeared  as  an 
epidemic.  The 
Board  of  Health  as 
then  constituted 
utterly  failed  to  cope 
with  this  disease,  and 
the  severe  criticisms 
of  Alderman  Ayer 
provoked  every 
member  to  resigna- 
tion. This  resulted 
in  the  election  of  a 
new  board,  of  which 
h  e  w  a  s  chairman. 
The  plague  had  been 
raging  for  eight 
months,  b  u  t  under 
Mr.  -Oyer's  efficient 
management,  this 
disease  was  entirely 
eradicated  from  the 
city  in  six  weeks. 
Of  five  hundred  and 
sixty-seven  cases  re- 
])orted,  one  hundred 
and  seventy-  s.e  v  e  n 
proved  fatal.  In  his 
benefactions  Mr. 
Ayer  has  been  un- 
ostentatious, but  the 
public  charities  are  few  in  which  he  has  not  joined.  Mr. 
Ayer  has  been  twice  married  :  first  in  1858,  to  Miss 
Cornelia  Wheaton,  at  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  by  whom  he  had 
two  sons  and  two  daughters.  Mrs.  Ayer  died  in  1878. 
He  was  again  married  in  1884,  to  Miss  Ellen  B.  Banning, 
at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  by  whom  he  has  two  daughters  and 
a  son.  Mr.  Ayer  is  still  hale  and  vigorous,  energetic  in 
enterprise,  esteemed  by  all,  and  is  now  reaping  the 
fruits  of  his  long  and  honorable  career. 


ir-^ 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES  LEWIS  HILDRETH,  general  superin- 
tendent of  the  Lowell  Machine  Shop,  the  largest 
machine  works  in  the  country,  and  in  which  the  greater 
part  of   the  machinery  for   the   Lowell    corporations  is 
made,  was  born  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  Oct.  9,  1823,  and  is 
a  son  of  Elijah  Hildreth,  a  lineal  descendant  of  Richard 
Hildreth,  a  member  of  a  party  of  thirty-nine  settlers,  to 
whom,  in  1653,  was  granted  by  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature a  tract  of  land  embracing  what  is  now  the  site  of 
Lowell.      It  is  an 
interesting    fact    in 
regard     to    Richard 
Hildreth,  that,  upon 
his    petition,    the 
Legislature   of   Mas- 
sachusetts made  him 
a    special    grant    of 
one  hundred  and  fifty 
acres  of  land  because 
he  "  had  a  wife  and 
many  small  children, 
and,    being    a    hus- 
bandman,   he     was 
greatly     disadvan- 
taged, partly  by  the 
hand  of  God  depriv- 
ing him  of   the   use 
of    his    right    hand, 
whereby    he     was 
wholly    disabled     to 
labor."       The    grant 
of  land,  in  the  pres- 
ent   town    of    West- 
ford,  has  been  in  the 
hands  of  the  Hildreth 
family    for    seven 
generations.      Elijah 
Hildreth  removed  to 
New  Ipswich,  N.  H., 
after  his  son's  birth, 

and  here  Charles  was  brought  up,  receiving  his  educa- 
tion at  the  New  Ipswich  Academy.  At  the  age  of 
twenty- two  years  he  removed  to  Lowell,  and  as  an 
apprentice  began  laboring  in  the  "  big  shop "  over 
which  he  is  now  the  head.  He  was  a  hard  worker,  and 
having  the  advantage  of  a  good  education  soon  made 
progress,  in  three  years  being  advanced  to  a  contractor- 
ship  in  the  shop,  a  position  he  held  for  about  ten  years. 
During  the  great  depression  in  the  iron  working  trade 


CHARLES    L.    HILDRETH. 


in  1858,  he  became  foreman  in  the  Industrial  Works  of 
Bement  &  Dougherty  in    Philadelphia   for   two   years. 
Then,  returning   to   Lowell,   he   worked   in  the   Lowell 
Machine  Shop  until    1865,  when,  promoted  to  a  fore- 
man's place,  he  entered  upon  the  fulfilment  of  important 
duties  for  a  fourteen  years'  term.     In  1879  Mr.  Hildreth 
was  elected  to  the  position  he  now  holds.     Mr.  Hildreth 
is  a  quiet,  reserved  man,  but   he  has  a  cordial  address 
and  broad  sympathies,  and  is  possessed  of  sound  judg- 
ment and   firm  pur- 
pose, and  as  the  head 
of    Lowell's    most 
important     corpora- 
tion    he    has    the 
respect  of  his  thou- 
sands of  employees, 
and    the    confidence 
of    Ihe    entire    com- 
munity.      Mr.    Hil- 
dreth dislikes  osten- 
tation, and    has   left 
public    and    political 
life    almost     entirely 
alone,  although  from 
1868     to     1871     he 
served  on  the  alder- 
manic     board,     and 
contributed  much  to 
the    city's   welfare. 
He     takes    a     great 
interest    in    the   be- 
nevolent  institutions 
of   the  city,  but   his 
principal      attention 
has    been    given   to 
the    Middlesex    Me- 
chanics' Association, 
an  institution  which, 
as  its  name  implies,  ' 
was  organized  by 
mechanics  early  in  the  city's  history,  to  afford  educa- 
tional facilities  to  the  thousands  of  mill  operatives.     In 
furthering  the  ends  of  the  association,  through  its  library 
and  lyceum,  Mr.  Hildreth  has  given  time  and  thought, 
and  to  the  accomplishment  of  its  objects  no  one  is  en- 
titled to  more  creilit  than  he.      As  the  manager  of  a 
great   machine  works  Mr.  Hildreth  is  conversant  with 
the  minutest  details,  and  to  his  knowledge  perhaps  is 
due  the  great  variety  of  machinery  manufactured. 


LOWELL. 


373 


JAMES  BICHENO  FRANCIS  was  one  of  the  greatest 
of   American   civil    engineers,  and    one  who  did 
more  in  making  Lowell's  history  than  any  other  man.     To 
his  great  genius  and  wonderful  achievement  is  due  the 
high   position  the  City  of  Spindles  now  holds   in  the 
manufacturing  and  commercial  circles  of   the   country 
and   of    the   whole   world.     Mr.    Francis'    death,   which 
occurred  in  September,   1892,  was  a  loss  to  the  whole 
world,  and  it  was  particularly  felt  in  Lowell,  where  every 
page   of    its    history 
for  a  half  century  is 
linked  with  his  name. 
Mr.  Francis  was  born 
in    Southleigh,    Ox- 
fordshire,    England, 
May    18,     1815,    his 
father  at  the  time  be- 
ing superintendent  of 
the  Dufferyn,  Llynwi 
&   Forth   Cawl    Rail- 
way in  South  Wales. 
He  early  received   a 
training  for  what  was 
to  be  his  life's  work, 
as  at  fourteen  years 
of  age  he  became  an 
engineer    upon     the 
harbor  works  of  Forth 
Cawl,    and    subse- 
quently  on  the  Great 
Western  Canal.     He 
came  to  .\merica  at 
the  age  of   eighteen 
years,    and   went    to 
work      on     railways. 
He  attracted  the  at- 
tention    of     George 
W.  Whistler,  the  dis- 
tinguished  engineer, 
in  the  surveys  for  the 

New  York,  Providence  &  Boston  Railroad.  A  year 
later  Mr.  Whistler  came  to  Lowell  to  build  locomotives 
and  to  superintend  extensive  hydraulic  works  for  the 
Locks  and  Canal  Company,  a  corporation  controlling 
the  water  power  of  the  Merrimack  River.  Mr.  Francis 
also  came  to  Lowell,  and  in  1837  was  appointed  chief 
engineer.  In  1845  he  was  chosen  agent,  in  addition  to 
his  other  office,  and  for  fifty  years  he  filled  both  posi- 
tions.    The  corporation  refused  to  accept  his  resigna- 


JAMES    B'   FRANCIS. 


tion,  but  made  him  consulting  engineer  and  appointed 
his  son.  Colonel  James  Francis,  agent  and  engineer. 
During  the  half  century  of  service,  Mr.  Francis  had 
entire  control  of  the  immense  water  power  at  Lowell, 
and  he  undertook  the  great  hydraulic  improvements 
which  have  made  the  city  a  great  manufacturing  centre. 
Many  of  these  operations  were  original  and  on  a  grand 
scale,  and  as  a  result  came  the  volume  "  Lowell  Hydrau- 
lic Experiments"  in  1858,  and  republished  in  1868  and 

1883,  and  recognized 
as  an  authority  by 
the  engineers  of 
two  continents.  Mr. 
Francis  was  regarded 
as  the  founder  of  a 
new  school  of  hy- 
draulic engineering, 
and  wherever  great 
interests  were  at  stake 
in  connection  with 
hydraulics,  his  ser- 
vices were  de- 
manded. Two  great 
monuments  to  his 
foresight  and  skill 
are  the  Northern 
Canal,  constructed  in 
1846,  a  work  of  such 
massive  strength  and 
such  perfection  of  ex- 
ecution that  it  will  be 
admired  for  ages,  and 
the  "  Guard  Locks  " 
of  the  Fawtucket 
canal,  constructed 
in  1850  to  save 
the  city  from  inunda- 
tion, and  which,  in 
i852,did  save  the  city 
from  destruction  by  a 
freshet.  Mr.  Francis  was  a  member  of  the  principal 
European  and  American  societies  devoted  to  the  devel- 
opment of  the  mechanic  arts  and  sciences.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil 
Engineers  in  1852,  and  served  as  president  from  1880 
to  1882.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commission  to  ex- 
amine and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  dam  and 
to  explain  the  cause  of  the  terrible  Johnstown  disaster. 
He  left  a  widow  and  two  sons. 


374 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


COLONEL  ALBERT  A.  HAGGEIT,  ex-postmaster 
of  I>o\vell,  is  perhaps  without  a  single  exception 
more  familiarly  known  in  social  and  political  circles  than 
any  other  citizen.     He   surely  is    the   most  prominent 
Democrat  of  the  city,  a  Democrat  by  conviction  and  ac- 
tion.    He  was  born  in  Lowell   in  1839,  and  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools,  graduating  from  the  Moody 
Grammar  and  the  high  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  entering  the  counting-room  of  the  Middlesex  Manu- 
facturing Company  as 
a  "runner."  Already 
Colonel  Haggett  has 
covered  a  period  of 
service  of  nearly  forty 
years  with  this  com- 
pany, for  he  is  now 
the  paymaster,  a  posi- 
tion reached  by  close 
attention  to  his  du- 
ties   and    promotion 
step  by  step.  He  has 
been  in  political  life 
to  a    certain    extent 
since    1868,  but   his 
Democratic    tenden- 
cies date  back  to  the 
years  when  his  minor- 
ity prevented  his  ex- 
ercising the  right  of 
suffrage.    Indeed,  he 
was  a  Democrat   i  n 
his  early  days  when 
■  it   required   a    great 
deal  of  back  bone  to 
hold  out  against  the 
Republican  majority. 
He  l)egan  to  attract 
attention  as  a  politi- 
cian and  a  sturdy 
Democrat  by  acting 

as  an  inspector  of  elections  in  Ward  Six,  and  afterwards 
as  clerk  and  warden  in  Ward  Three.  Then  in  1868, 
1869  and  1870  he  was  sent  to  the  Common  Council  by 
Ward  Six,  and  the  last  two  years  he  served  in  the 
capacity  of  president,  an  honor  which  attested  his 
popularity  because  it  was  a  time  of  Re])ublican  admin- 
istrations. In  187 1  he  served  on  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men, and  in  1872  was  elected  a  director  of  the  City 
Library,  this  institution  not  being  free  at  that  time.     In 


1873  he  was  again  sent  to  the  Council,  serving  as  presi- 
dent, in  1874  again  being  returned  to  the  City  Library 
directory,  and  in  1875  returning  as  president  of  the 
Council,  and  in  1876  again  wearing  aklermanic  honors. 
In  1869  he  was  on  the  special  committee  chosen  to 
build  the  city  water  works,  and  in  1875  he  was  iilaced 
on  the  Water  Board,  the  interim  being  the  years  in 
which  he  sened  in  other  branches  of  the  city  govern- 
ment.    In  1878  he  was  elected  to  the  Water  Board,  and 

chosen  president,  an 
office  which  he  held 
until  1885.    His  rank 
of  "  colonel "  comes 
from  his  commission 
on  Governor   G  a  s  - 
ton's   staff   in    1875. 
In    1883    Colonel 
Haggett   was   ap- 
pointed by  Governor 
Butler  as  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of 
Health,  Lunacy  and 
Charity.   In  October, 
1885,    he   was    ap- 
pointed by  President 
Cleveland     postmas- 
ter  of    Lowell,    and 
served  until  Feb.  28, 
1890.  In  April,  1891, 
Mayor    Fifield  itom- 
inated    him   as    City 
Hall  commissioner, 
to      fi  1 1    a    vacancy 
in  the   commission 
caused  by  the  resig- 
nation of  Mr.  James 
B.  Francis,  a  position 
which    he     still    fills 
in  an  acceptable 
manner.     For    years 
he  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  City  Committee,  a 
member  of  the  State   Central   Committee,  and  in  1876 
and  1880  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Con- 
vention.    In    minor  honors    he    has    been    particularly 
favored,  and  in  1892  once  more  served  as  chairman  on 
the  Board  of  Aldermen,  elected   from  the  city  at  large. 
In  social  circles  he  is  welcomed,  as  he  is  a  ready  talker 
and  especially  clever  at  repartee.     He  is  connected  with 
the  Masonic  and  Elk  orders. 


ALBERT    A.    HAGGETT. 


LOWELL. 


375 


COLONEL  JAMES  WILLIAM   BENNETT,  super- 
visor  of    construction   on   the    Lowell    Federal 
Building  now  in  process  of  erection,  is  probably  one  of 
the  best  known  of  Lowell's  citizens.     He  was  born  in 
Newmarket,  N.  H.,  March  21,  1833,  and  came  to  Lowell 
at  the  age  of  fifteen,  binding  himself  to  his  uncle,  Abram 
Matthews,  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade.     During  his 
life  in  the  country  Mr.  Bennett  had  little  opportunity  to 
secure  an  education,  as  he  only  attended  school  sessions 
in  the  winter  months. 
He  went  to  the  old 
Franklin   School  for 
three    months,  soon 
after    engaging    with 
his   uncle.      After    a 
five     years'    appren- 
ticeship   he    worked 
as  a  journeyman  for 
two  years,  and   then 
his    uncle    admitted 
him    to    partnership. 
']"he    first    wages 
earned  by  the  colonel 
were    six    dollars    a 
month    and    board 
during    his    appren- 
ticeship.    Colonel 
Bennett  began  busi- 
ness  for   himself  on 
Aug.  17,  1858,  when, 
with    a    few    effects 
loaded  upon  a  hand- 
cart, he  took  a  shop 
on  Middlesex  Street, 
near  his  present  es- 
tablishment, the  part- 
nership     with    his 
uncle    having    come 
to  an  end  by  reason 
of  the   latter  receiv- 
ing a   position    with    the    Lowell  Bleachery   Company. 
It  was  not  long  before  Colonel  Bennett's  ability  as  a 
master  mechanic,  and  the  excellence  and  workmanlike 
nature  of  his  building  brought  him   to  the  attention  of 
the  rapidly  growing  city,  and  once  his  reputation  was 
established,  his  success  in  life  was  assured.     From  that 
time  to  the  present  that  reputation  has  been  strength- 
ened and  broadened,  and  the  builder  has  become  known 
throughout  New  England.     Soon  after,  he  added  gravel 


JAMES    W.   BENNETT 


roofing,  and  in  1881  he  took  into  partnership  his 
brother,  George  A.  liennett,  and  his  son,  Fred  W.  Ben- 
nett, under  the  firm  name  of  J.  W.  Bennett  &  Co.  Mr. 
Bennett's  individuality,  as  well  as  his  public  spirit,  early 
brought  him  into  social  and  political  favor  with  his 
fellow-townsmen,  and  while  he  never  sought  public 
office,  he  has  been  several  times  honored  with  it.  Po- 
litically he  was  a  Whig  until  that  party  fell,  and  then  he 
became  a  Republican,  a  sturdy,  faithful,  hard-working 

member  of  the  party. 
He  represented  his 
ward  in  the  Common 
Council  in  1876  and 
1877,  and  was  in  the 
lower  branch  of  the 
General  Court  in 
1879  and  1880.  In 
1878  he  was  elected 
a  water  commis- 
^^  sioner     for     a     two 

IK^,^^  years'    term,   and   in 

^"^  -  1880  was  re-elected 

for  an  additional 
term.  His  title  of 
"colonel"  comes 
from  his  commission 
held  for  three  years 
on  Governor  Ames's 
staff,  as  an  assistant 
adjutant-ge  n  eral, 
with  the  rank  of 
"colonel."  He  has 
been  a  president  of 
the  Erie  Telephone 
Company,  and  is  in 
the  directory  of  two 
Lowell  banks.  So 
thoroughly  identified 
with  Lowell's  inter- 
ests is  Colonel  Ben- 
nett that  his  opinion  always  carries  with  it  weight.  He 
was  one  of  the  chief  promoters,  and  is  one  of  the  sub- 
stantial men  of  the  Highland  Club,  which  has  a  magnifi- 
cent club-house  in  the  ward  with  which  Colonel 
Bennett  has  so  long  been  identified.  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  Windom  appointed  him  supervisor  of  the  new 
Federal  Building,  now  in  process  of  construction.  In 
the  social,  political  and  business  circles  of  Lowell 
Colonel  Bennett  is  highly  esteemed  and  very  popular. 


n^ 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JEREMIAH  CROWLEY,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Lowell, 
Jan.  12,  1832.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  and  at  an  early  age  went  to  work  in  the 
cotton  factories,  and  later  learned  the  machinist's 
trade  with  Aldrich,  Calvert  &  Tyng.  In  1S57  he  went 
to  Nashua,  and  stayed  there  until  December,  i860. 
While  in  that  city  Mr.  Crowley  pursued  an  educational 
course  in  an  academy  founded  for  the  purpose  of  assist- 
ing young  mechanics  m  securing  an  education.  The 
sessions  were  held 
nightly,  and  it  re- 
quired pluck  and 
energy  to  spend  an 
evening,  after  a  hard 
day's  work,  in  a 
school  -room.  In 
I  8  6  I  Mr.  Crowley 
went  to  the  war  as  a 
member  of  the  Me- 
chanic  Phalanx, 
Company  C,  Sixth 
Regiment  (a  com- 
pany still  in  exist- 
ence), and  was  in 
the  march  through 
Baltimore,  Company 
C  being  one  of  the 
four  companies  pass- 
ing through  the  city. 
Mr.  Crowley  served 
until  the  regiment 
returned  home,  and 
was  with  General 
Butler  at  the  Relay 
House  and  at  the 
taking  of  Baltimore. 
.After  coming  home 
he  was  o  ff  e  r  e  d  a 
commission  in  the 
Thirtieth  Massachu- 
setts Regiment,  but  was  rejected  for  physical  disability. 
He  was  also  offered  a  commission  in  the  Tenth  New 
Hampshire  Regiment,  but  was  rejected  for  the  same 
cause.  He  then  went  to  work  at  the  Watertown  .\rsenal 
until  early  in  1864,  when  he  came  to  Lowell  and  entered 
the  law  office  of  the  late  John  F.  McEvoy.  In  1868 
Mr.  Crowley  was  admitted  to  practise  law  at  the  bar, 
and  that  year  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Mr. 
McEvoy.    The  partnership  lasted  one  year,  Mr.  Crowley 


JEREMIAH    CROWLEY. 


continuing  to  practise  alone.  In  his  practice  he  has 
become  one  of  the  best  known  and  most  successful  of 
Lowell's  lawyers.  In  politics  Mr.  Crowley  is  a  Demo- 
crat. His  first  political  office  was  that  of  councilman, 
in  1868  and  i86g,  from  Ward  Five,  the  ward  in  which 
he  was  born  and  in  which  he  has  always  lived.  In  1870 
and  187 1,  1873  and  1874,  1877  and  1878,  1884  and 
1 89 1  he  was  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  serving  eight 
times  in  the  u]:i|>er  board.     During  his  periods  of  service 

he  was  on  every 
committee  of  the 
City  Council,  and 
thus  he  had  a  hand 
in  some  of  the  most 
important  municipal 
improvements,  of 
which  the  introduc- 
tion of  city  water  is 
one.  In  1882  Mr. 
Crowley  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate, 
defeating  Hon.  F.  T. 
Greenhalge  by  five 
hundred  votes,  and 
the  following  year 
he  was  counted  in 
for  re-election  and 
then  counted  out. 
He  was  twice  nomi- 
nated for  mayor  and 
defeated.  In  1888 
he  ran  for  the  Senate 
against  Hon.  F.  W. 
Howe,  and  although 
defeated,  he  ])ulled 
down  a  Republican 
majority  of  twelve 
hundred  of  the  year 
before  to  eighty. 
Mr.  Crowley  has 
always  been  an  active  worker  in  the  crusade  against 
intemperance,  and  is  known  as  a  temperance  speaker 
of  much  force.  In  1848  he  was  instrumental  in  pro- 
moting temperance  societies,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Mathew  Institute.  Mr.  Crowley  has  been  a  national 
delegate  of  the  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians,  president 
of  the  Lowell  l>enevolent  .Society,  and  president  of  the 
Sixth  Regiment  Association.  Mr.  Crowley  belongs  to 
B.  F.  Butler  Post  42,  (i.  A.  R. 


jp^y^^^ 


CHELSEA,  the  "Queen  City  of  the  Commonwealth,"  has  to-day  a  population  of  thirty  thousand,  ranks  the 
thirteenth  largest  in  the  State,  and  is  a  prosperous  and  growing  community.  According  to  the  national 
census  of  1890  the  population  was  27,850.  The  Indian  name  of  the  place  was  Winnisimmet,  and  it  was  settled  in 
1630  by  some  of  the  good  people  who  came  to  Massachusetts  Bay  with  Governor  John  \\inthrop.  All  the  adjacent 
land  was  bought  for  a  horn  of  powder,  and  to  this  day  the  highest  elevation  in  the  city  limits  is  known  as  Powder 
Horn  Hill.  In  1632  it  was  ordered  "that  the  neck  of  land  betwixt  Powder  Home  Hill  and  Pullen  Poynte  shall 
belong  to  Boston,"  and  two  years  later  the  (leneral  Court  ordered  "  that  Wynesemit  shall  belong  to  Boston."  For 
more  than  a  century  Boston  continued  to  exercise  control  over  the  settlements  across  the  Mystic  River,  but  in 
1739,  in  consideration  of  having  established  and  maintained  a  meeting-house,  Winnisimmet,  Rumney  Marsh  and 
Pullen  Point,  which  included  what  is  now  Chelsea,  Revere,  Winthrop  and  part  of  Saugus,  was  set  apart  as  the  town 
of  Chelsea,  the  name  being  given  in  honor  of  Chelsea  in  England.  In  1846  Chelsea  were  divided,  less  than  a 
third  of  the  area  being  retained  as  Chelsea,  while  what  is  now  Revere  and  Winthrop  was  set  apart  as  North  Chelsea. 
The  division  seemed  to  act  as  an  invigorator,  for  Chelsea  increased  rapidly  from  a  population  of  forty-three  hun- 
dred in  1846  to  twelve  thousand,  four  hundred  in  1857,  and  in  the  latter  year  it  was  incorporated. 

The  City  Council  consists  of  a  mayor,  a  Board  of  Aldermen  of  eight  members,  and  a  Common  Council  of 
twenty  members,  all  of  whom,  excepting  the  mayor,  serve  without  pay.  Elections  are  held  annually,  the  mayor 
and  aldermen  being  elected  at  large,  and  the  councilmen  by  wards.  With  the  exception  of  the  School  Committee 
all  other  city  offices  are  filled  either  by  appointment  by  the  mayor,  with  the  approval  of  the  aldermen,  or  elected 
by  concurrent  vote  of  both  branches  of  the  City  Council.  The  total  debt  of  the  city  is  S8oo,ooo,  and  the  valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  property,  ^22,000,000.  The  city  is  principally  residential,  but  has  many  important  manu- 
facturing industries,  and  in  everything  is  closely  allied  with  Boston,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mystic  River 
and  Chelsea  Creek,  and  joined  by  three  substantial  bridges.  By  an  arrangement  made  some  years  ago  between 
Boston  and  Chelsea,  each  city  cares  exclusively  for  the  affairs  usually  managed  by  county  commissioners.  Chelsea 
pays  no  county  tax,  all  the  expenses  being  borne  by  the  city  of  Boston. 

Numerous  lines  of  street  cars,  a  line  of  steam  cars  and  a  ferry  connect  Chelsea  with  surrounding  cities  and 
towns.  The  ferry  is  the  oldest  established  in  the  country,  dating  from  1631,  and  has  been  operated  continuously 
ever  since.  In  Chelsea  are  located  the  United  States  Naval  and  Marine  hospitals,  and  the  Soldiers'  Home  of 
Massachusetts.  The  city  has  a  General  Hospital,  the  gift  of  Hon.  Rufus  S.  Frost,  which  is  maintained  by  popular 
subscription ;  a  public  library  of  sixteen  thousand  volumes  and  pamphlets,  the  handsome  and  commodious  build- 
ing being  a  gift  to  the  city  from  Hon.  Eustace  C.  Fitz.  In  the  city  are  three  Congregational,  two  Baptist  and  two 
Methodist  Episcopal  churches,  and  one  each  of  the  Universalist,  Unitarian,  CathoiiCj  Free  Baptist  .\fricaji  Metho- 
dist Episcopal,  Adventist  and  Episcopal  denominations.  The  city  has  schools  ranking  second  to  none  in  the 
State,  efficient  fire  and  police  departments,  beautiful  streets,  complete  water  and  sewerage  systems,  two  parks,  and 
an  elaborate  park  system  now  under  consideration.  The  financial  institutions  include  two  national  banks,  two 
savings  banks  and  a  co-operative  bank.  Of  newspapers  there  are  one  daily  and  five  weeklies.  There  are  innu- 
merable social  clubs  and  fraternal  societies. 

Manufactures  are  many  and  diversified.  Rubber  goods  are  the  most  important,  the  annual  product  being 
valued  at  three  million  dollars.  Here  are  located  the  only  wall-paper  factory  in  New  England  ;  the  laboratory  of  the 
New  England  Vaccine  Factory,  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  annually  producing  sufficient  virus  to  vaccinate 
two  million  people ;  and  here,  also,  is  the  largest  lampblack  factory  in  this  part  of  the  country.  Some  of  the 
manufactured  products  are  furnaces  and  stoves,  hardware,  art  tiles,  soda  fountains,  crockery,  building  and  fire- 
proof brick,  furniture,  street  cars,  cordage,  boots  and  shoes,  whiting,  oils  and  varnishes,  fire  hose,  bluing,  salt,  ships, 
type,  mattresses,  clothing  and  machinery.  Other  important  industries  are  iron  and  brass  foundries,  bleacheries, 
dye  works,  lithographic  printing  works  and  tanneries. 


3/8 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


I 


ALFRED    COLLINS    CONVERSE   is    the    present 
mayor  of  Chelsea,  and  a  member  of  the  firm  of 
Phelps,   Dalton  &    Co.,   ])roprietors    of   the    Dickinson 
Type  Foundry.     His  connection  with  this  foundry  com- 
menced about  thirty-eight  years  ago,  upon  his  removal 
from  New  York,  where  he  had  learned  matrix  making  in 
the  type  foundry  of  Hagar  &  Company.     The  connec- 
tion then  formed  has  continued  uninterruptedly   as  em- 
ployee   and    employer.       Twenty-eight    years    ago    he 
bought  an  interest  in 
the  company,  taking 
charge  of  the  manu- 
facturing   depart- 
ment.    He  has  seen 
the    business    in    its 
small  beginnings 
grow  to  such  propor- 
tions  as   to   make   a 
market  for  its  manu- 
factures in  every  part 
of   the   world.     Its 
type  is  used  wherever 
the   Roman  letter  is 
read.    The  type  used 
in    this    book   is   of 
their  manufacture. 
Nine    years   ago,    in 
connection  with    his 
nephew,    Morton    E. 
Converse,  he    estab- 
lished   at    VVinchen- 
don,  Mass.,   what   is 
now  the   largest    toy 
manufactory    in    the 
country.     When  Mr. 
Converse  was  still  an 
employee   of   the 
Dickinson    Type 
Foundry  he   became 
interested  in  the 

manufacture  of  fire-alarm  apparatus,  which  he  continued 
two  years,  selling  out  that  business  to  purchase  an  inter- 
est in  the  type  foundry.  Mayor  Converse  is  descended 
from  an  ancestry  that  came  to  this  country  from  Eng- 
land in  1630  with  Governor  John  Winthrop.  The  first 
ferryman  to  receive  a  grant  from  the  General  Court  was 
Edward  Converse,  for  a  ferry  between  Boston  and 
Charlestown,  in  1631.  Ten  years  later  he  was  chairman 
of  a  commission  of  seven  men  appointed  by  the  church 


'^mk: 


"k> 


ALFRED   C.    CONVERSE 


for  effecting  the  settlement  of  the  now  prosperous  city 
of  ^\'oburn.  Several  generations  ago  his  ancestors 
moved  to  New  Hampshire,  and  it  was  at  Rindge,  in 
that  State,  that  Mr.  Converse  was  born,  March  17,  1827. 
His  father  was  a  large  farmer,  and  a  man  much  inter- 
ested in  town  affairs,  being  a  selectman  for  seventeen 
years,  a  longer  period  than  any  other  citizen  of  the  town 
has  served.  Mayor  Converse  attended  the  district 
schools  of  his  town,  and   the  New  Ipswich  Academy. 

Until  he  was  twenty- 
three  years  of  age  he 
worked  on  the  farm 
and  in  his  father's 
mills  in  summer,  and 
taught  school  in  the 
winter.  He  went  to 
New  York  in  1850 
and  learned  type 
V  founding.     Mr.  Con- 

verse  m  o  \'  e  d  to 
Chelsea  in  1856. 
He  served  in  the 
Common  Council  in 
1877,  being  elected 
as  a  Republican,  to 
which  party  he  has 
always  adhered.  In 
1889  he  was  elected 
to  the  Board  of  Al- 
d  e  r  m  e  n ,  and  the 
year  following  was 
re-elected,  both 
years  receiving  the 
popular  vote  of  the 
city.  In  1890  he 
was  nominated  for 
mayor,  but  failed  of 
an  election  by  159 
votes  out  of  a  total 
vote  of  2,300.  In 
1 89 1  he  was  again  nominated,  carrying  the  day  by  762 
majority,  out  of  a  total  vote  of  3,90c.  In  1892  he  was 
unanimously  renominated  for  the  office.  Mr.  Converse 
was  married,  in  1855,  to  Miss  Julia  A.  Woods,  who  died 
twelve  years  later.  In  1869  he  married  Miss  Hulda  H. 
Mitchell,  of  East  Boston.  They  have  two  children  liv- 
ing, —  Julia  Luella,  wife  of  De  Witt  Ramsay,  of  Madi- 
son, Wis.,  and  Alfred  Otis  Converse.  Mayor  Converse's 
administration  has  been  very  successful. 


CHELSEA. 


379 


RUFUS  S.   FROST  is  one  of   the  best-known  men 
in   Massachusetts,    through   his    long   connection 
with  religious,  educational  and  charitable  organizations, 
as  well  as  through  his  public  and  business  career.     Mr. 
Frost  was  born  in  Marlborough,   N.  H.,  July  i8,  1826. 
His  father's  ancestors  came  to  this  country  in  1635  from 
England,  and  his    mother's   ancestors   were   settled    in 
Massachusetts    Bay   Colony    in    1640.     At   the   age    of 
seven   years,  Mr.  Frost  was   bereft   of   his  father,    and 
then  the  mother  and 
two    youngest    chil- 
dren left  the  farm  in 
Marlborough      and 
moved     to     Boston. 
Here    Mr.  Frost  at- 
tended    the     public 
schools,  later  taking 
a  s  u  ]5  p  1  e  m  e  n  t  a  r  y 
course  at  Newton 
Academy.        He 
secured  a  position  in 
a  wholesale  dry  goods 
house  in  Boston,  and 
for   the    energy   and 
ability  manifested 
was  admitted  to  part- 
nership at  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  the  firm 
adopting    the    name 
of  Osgood  &  Frost. 
In   1866  the  present 
firm    of     Rufus   S. 
Frost    &    Co.   was 
formed  for  the  trans- 
action   of   a  general 
commission  business 
in  American   goods. 
Mr.     Frost     is    also 
president  of  the 
Haile  &  Frost  Man- 
ufacturing Company,  manufacturers  of  woollens,  of  which 
Lieutenant-Governor  Haile   is  treasurer.     Mr.  Frost  is 
president  of  the  North  National  Bank  of  Boston ;  and 
has  been  one  of  its  directors  for  twenty-eight  years.    He 
was  the  second  president  of  the  National  Association  of 
Woollen    Manufacturers,    and    is  now  chairman    of   its 
executive  committee.     For  two  years  he  was  jiresident 
of  the  Boston  Board  of  Trade.     When  still  a  young  man 
he  moved  to  Chelsea,  where  he  continues  to  reside.     He 


RUFUS    S.    FROST. 


has  received  all  the  political  honors  within  the  city's 
gift.  He  has  been  councilman,  alderman  and  mayor,  a 
State  senator,  and  a  member  of  the  governor's  council. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  to  Congress  and  served  on  the 
committees  on  Railroads  and  Freedmen's  Affairs.  In 
1892  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican 
Convention  at  Minneapolis,  which  renominated  Presi- 
dent Harrison.  In  1890  Mr.  Frost  founded  a  hospital 
in   Chelsea  and    presented    it  to   the   city,   one  of  the 

conditions  of  the 
deed  being  that  "  no 
person  shall  ever  be 
denied  treatment  on 
account   of   poverty, 
race      or     religion." 
Another  condition 
was  that  patients 
should  be  permitted 
to  be  treated  under 
any  school  of  medi- 
cine they   preferred. 
The  hospital  has  been 
named    by   the  trus- 
tees   the     Rufus    S. 
Frost   General   Hos- 
pital.    His    native 
town  of  Marlborough, 
N.  H.,  was  presented 
in  1867  by  him  with 
a  free  public  library 
building    and    two 
thousand  volumes, 
and  a   trust  fund  of 
$5,000   for   the  pur- 
chase of  books.    Mr. 
Frost    was  for  eight 
years   president   of 
the    New   England 
Conservatory  of  Mu- 
sic.    He  is  now  pres- 
ident of  the  American  Congregational  Association,  and 
has  been  president  of  the  Congregational  Club  of  Boston, 
and  of  the  Massachusetts  Homoeopathic  Hospital.     Mr. 
Frost  has  been  twice  married.     By  his  first  wife  he  had 
six  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living.     His  second 
marriage   occurred   in    1879,    when    he   was   united    to 
Catherine  Emily  Wickham,  of  Corning,  N.  V.     She  is 
one  of  the   National    Board    of    lady    managers   of  the 
World's  Fair. 


38o 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


JUDGE  MELLEN  CHAMBERLAIN,  former  libra- 
rian of  the  Boston  Public  Library,  was  born  at 
Pembroke,  N.  H.,  June  4,  182 1,  and  graduated  at  Dart- 
mouth College  in  1844.  After  teaching  several  years  in 
Brattleboro,  Vt.,  he  entered  the  Dane  Law  School  at 
Cambridge,  where  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.  B., 
and  in  1849  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  Boston.  The 
same  year  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Chelsea,  where  he 
still  makes  his  home.  He  has  served  the  city  in  several 
capacities.  In  1858 
and  1859  he  was 
representative  in  the 
General  Court  and 
member  of  the 
Special  Committee 
on  the  Revision  of 
the  Statutes.  In 
1863  and  1864  he 
was  in  the  State  Sen- 
ate, and  in  the  latter 
year  was  chairman  of 
the  Judiciary  Com- 
mittee. From  1866 
to  1878  he  was  a 
judge,  and  during 
part  of  that  period, 
chief  justice  of  the 
Municipal  Court  of 
the  city  of  Boston, 
to  which  he  brought 
erudition  and  judi- 
cial capacity.  In 
August,  1878,  he  was 
elected  librarian-in- 
chief  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library.  His 
familiarity  with  books 
and  literature  and 
executive  ability  en- 
abled him  to  dis- 
charge with  credit  the  responsible  duties  of  that  ofifice, 
until,  by  reason  of  ill-health,  he  retired,  Oct.  i,  1890. 
The  professional  and  public  duties  of  Judge  Chamber- 
lain left  him  little  time  for  other  work  ;  but  after  com- 
ing to  the  Public  Library,  freijuent  demands  were  made 
upon  him  for  various  papers  which  have  been  published, 
and  have  evinced  research,  learning,  originality  and 
critical  acuteness,  while  proving  that  in  the  field  of 
New    England    history   he    has    few   li\ing    superiors. 


MELLEN    CHAMBERLAIN 


Among  his  printed  papers  are:  "History  of  ^Vinnisim- 
met,     Rumney     Marsh     and     PuUen     Point"      (1880); 
"Daniel    Webster    as    an    Orator"     (1882);     "John 
Adams,    the    Statesman    of    the    Revolution"    (1884); 
"Samuel  Maverick's  Palisade  House  of  1630"  (1885)  ; 
"  The    Authentication    of     the    Declaration    of    Inde- 
pendence"    (1881);    "Address   at   the   Dedication   of 
Wilson    Hall"     (Dartmouth    College   Library,    1885)  ; 
"Notes  to  Sewall's   Letter-book"   (1886);  "The   His- 
tory  of    the   United 
States  :  A  Review  of 
McMasters'  History" 
(1886)  ;    "Land- 
scape   in    Life    and 
Poetry"     (1886)  ; 
"Remarks    at  the 
Dedication   of    the 
Statue    of    Daniel 
Webster,  at  Concord, 
N.     H."     (  I  88  6)   ; 
"Address    at    the 
Dedication   of    the 
Brooks     Library 
Building,    at  Brattle- 
boro,   Vt."    (1887)  ; 
"  Constitutional    Re- 
lations of  the  Ameri- 
can Colonies  to  the 
English  Government 
at    the    Commence- 
ment of  the  Revolu- 
tion" (1887);  "The 
Revolution   Impend- 
ing :    with  a  Critical 
Essay"    (1888)  ; 
"  Josiah  Quincy,  the 
Great      Mayor" 
(1889);      "Remarks 
on  the  New  Histori- 
cal School"  (1890)  ; 
"Governor   Winthrop's    Estate,    1638- 1639"    (1891) 
and  "  The    Genesis   of    the    Massachusetts   Town   and 
Town  Government"   (1892).     Judge  Chamberlain  is  a 
corresponding  member  of  the  Roval  Society  of  North- 
ern -Antiquaries  at  Co|)enhagen,  Denmark,  and  of  the 
New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Pennsylvania  and  Massa- 
chusetts historical  societies.     In   1885  he    received  the 
degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Dartmouth.     He  is  a  Fellow  of 
the  .American  .Academy  of  .Arts  and  .Sciences. 


CHELSEA. 


;8i 


THOMAS   MARTIN   is  closely  identified    with   the 
progress  and  development  of  the   elastic   fabric 
industry  in  the  United  States,  and  is  to-day  the  head  of 
one  of  the  largest  manufacturing  houses  in  this  country. 
In   England  he   served  an  apprenticeship  of   over  five 
years,  bejng  among  the  pioneers  in  the  elastic  fabric 
business  at  a  time  when  vulcanized  rubber  was  not  gen- 
erally used.     When  twenty-three  years  of   age  he  was 
engaged  by  an  American  syndicate  to  manage  an  elastic 
web    mill    at    East- 
ham  p  ton,     Mass., 
which   was   then   the 
only  one  in  the  coun- 
try.    Three     years 
later     he     came     to 
Chelsea  as  the  man- 
ager of  a  larger  mill, 
remaining  in  that  po- 
sition nine  years,  and 
relincjuishing     it     to 
engage    in    business 
for  himself.    The  new 
firm   took   the    name 
of      T.      Martin      & 
Brother,,  and    em- 
ployed twelve  hands. 
The  business  rapidly 
increased.     To-day 
the     firm,    which     is 
now  incorporated, 
occupies  five  mills  in 
Chelsea,  one  in  Mans- 
field,    Ohio,    and 
another    in   Canada. 
In  Chelsea  over  three 
hundred     and     fifty 
hands  are  employed, 
and    the    pay-roll    of 
the     operatives     ex- 
ceeds  one    hundred 

and  fifty  thousand  dollars  per  annum.  Mr.  Martin  is 
also  president  of  the  Chelsea  Wire  Fabric  Company, 
which  manufactures  general  mechanical  goods ;  he  is 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Chelsea  ;  is  the 
president,  and  was  one  of  the  founders,  of  the  Provident 
Co-operative  Bank,  which  has  now  invested  over  two 
hundred  thousand  dollars  ;  is  a  trustee  of  the  Chelsea 
Savings  Bank,  vice-president  of  the  Frost  Hospital  and 
a  trustee  of  Bates  College,  Lewiston,  Me.     Mr.  Martin 


THOMAS    MARTIN 


was  councilman  in  1879-80,  alderman  in  1881-82,  and 
representative  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1883,  declining  a  renomination  on  account 
of  failing  health  and  his  wife's  death,  and  going  abroad, 
travelling  through  England  and  the  continent.  Mr. 
Martin  was  born  in  Leicestershire,  England,  in  1839, 
being  the  eldest  of  twelve  children.  He  had  the  advan- 
tage only  of  the  common  school,  and  before  he  was 
twelve  years  old  went  to  work ;  but  his  desire  for  edu- 
cation and  advance- 
ment was  so  strong 
that  while  tending 
his  loom  he  also 
studied  his  arithme- 
tic. He  married  in 
i860,  and  of  the 
union  three  children 
were  born,  two  of 
whom  are  now  living. 
In  the  summer  of 
1885  Mr.  Martin 
erected  in  Chelsea 
the  Horace  Memo- 
rial Hall,  in  memory 
of  ■  his  eldest  son, 
Horace  Binney,  who 
had  died  the  previ- 
ous spring  in  his 
twenty -first  year. 
Later  the  building 
was  deeded  to  the 
trustees  of  the 
Horace  Memorial 
Free  Baptist  Church 
Society  as  a  place  of 
worship.  The  church 
was  organized 
through  the  help  of 
Mr.  Martin,  and  now 
numbers  over  ninety 
church  members  and  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  in 
the  .Sunday  school.  Two  years  ago,  when  the  church 
attendance  had  outgrown  the  size  of  the  building  and 
it  became  necessary  to  enlarge  it,  Mr.  Martin  generously 
duplicated  the  amount  raised  by  the  church  society  for 
the  purpose.  In  1884  Mr.  Martin  married  Miss  Frances 
Jarrett,  of  Lincoln,  England,  a  very  accomplished  lady, 
and  one  who  carried  off  first  honors  on  her  graduation 
from  Queen's  College. 


382 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THOMAS  STRAHAN  is  the  proprietor  of  the  only 
wall-paper  factory    in    the    New  England  States, 
and  the  works  enjoy  the  enviable  distinction  of  produ- 
cing  some  of   the  finest   and    most   artistic  wall-paper 
decorations  in  the  United  States.     The  products  of  his 
skill  find  a  ready  market  in  every  important  city  of  the 
Union.     Mr.  Strahan  was   born   near  Stirling,  Scotland, 
on  May  lo,  1847,  being  the    son   of  Thomas  and  Jean 
(Gordon)  Strahan.     His  early  education  was  obtained 
in  the  public  schools 
of   Arlington,  Mass., 
and  afterward  he  at- 
tended  the    Cotting 
Academy    in  Arling- 
ton, and   Phillips 
Exeter  Academy, 
graduating  from  both 
institutions  with  hon- 
ors.     He    took    a 
collegiate  course,  in- 
tending to  study  for 
the  ministry,  but   by 
mere  accident  these 
intentions  were  aban- 
doned,  and    at    the 
age    of   nineteen   he 
commenced    an    ac- 
tive business  life,  — 
first  in  a  small  way 
as   a   dealer   in  wall 
paper  on  Cornhill  in 
Boston.      His    busi- 
ness,   however,   rap- 
idly   increased,   and 
he  removed  to  Hor- 
ticultural Hall  build- 
ing,   and    subse- 
([uently  to   a   still 
larger  and  more  com- 
modious store  at  the 

corner  of  Washington  and  Eranklin  streets.  Although 
meeting  with  great  success  in  his  business  career,  he 
was  not  satisfied  merely  to  buy  and  sell  goods,  but  com- 
menced manufacturing  wall  paper,  and  now  has  an  ex- 
tensive factory  in  Chelsea.  His  Boston  office  is  in 
Ticknor  House,  No.  9  Park  Street.  He  has  been  granted 
valuable  patents,  both  in  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  on  new  and  novel  processes  for  the  blending  of 
colors  in  the  manufacturing  of    his  goods,  and  also  for 


THOMAS    STRAHAN 


converting  cotton  materials  and  jute  fabrics,  making 
them  appear  like  silk  damask,  and  having  all  the  value 
for  wall  hangings  of  the  genuine  silk  fabrics.  While 
still  carrying  on  a  large  and  successful  business  Mr. 
Strahan  has  found  time  to  engage  in  social  and  political 
affairs.  He  is  a  prominent  Mason  and  Odd  Fellow,  and 
is  a  member  of  a  large  number  of  social  and  fraternal 
societies,  and  he  has  been  at  the  head  of  the  various 
organizations  with  which  he   has  been  connected.     In 

politics    he   is   a 
stanch     Republican, 
and  has  been  many 
times  honored  by  his 
party.     In  1879  Mr. 
Strahan  was    elected 
to    the    C  o  m  m  o  n 
Council  of   Chelsea, 
and    was    re-elected 
successively     three 
years,  the    last   two 
years   of  which  he 
was  president  of  that 
body.     In    1883   he 
was   elected    mayor, 
and  the  year  follow- 
i  n  g  was   re-elected. 
He  has  also  ably  rep- 
resented his  district 
in  the  State  Legisla- 
t  u  r  e  .     Mr.  Strahan 
has  been  chairman  of 
the  School  Commit- 
tee, a  trustee  of  the 
1  )ublic  library,  and  is 
now  and   has   been 
for  many  years  a  trus- 
tee   of    the    Chelsea 
Savings    Bank.      On 
Nov.  28,    1867,   Mr. 
Strahan  was  married 
in  Chelsea  to   Esther,  daughter  of  John  T.  and  Esther 
Lawrence,  and  of  this  union  were  six  children,  two  of 
whom    are  living,  Florence    Esther   and  Alice  Pauline. 
Mr.  Strahan  has  long  been  noted  as  a  genial  host,  and 
his  beautiful    and    artistic  residence  on   the  summit  of 
Mount  Bellinghani,  overlooking  miles  of  city  and  coun- 
try, ocean  and  river,  has  been  the  scene  of  many  distin- 
guished social  gatherings.     In  the  social  life  of  Chelsea 
Mr.  Strahan  is  one  of  the  prominent  figures. 


CHELSEA. 


383 


CHARLES  A.  CAMPBELL  is  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  C.  A.  Campbell  &  Co.,  one  of  the 
largest  coal  concerns  in  the  State.  The  wharves  of  the 
company  in  Chelsea  are  considered  as  being  the  best 
equipped  of  any  in  New  England,  and  more  coal  is 
handled  annually  by  them  than  at  the  wharf  of  any  other 
dealer  in  the  Commonwealth.  Mr.  Campbell  is  largely 
interested  in  shipping,  and  is  treasurer  and  general 
manager  of  the  Boston  Lighter  Company.  He  is  also 
fi  r  s  t  vice-president 
of  the  County  Savings 

Bank,  and  a  director  

in  the  Winnisimmet 
Company  and  the 
First  National  Bank. 
Mr.  Campbell  was 
born  in  Boston,  Nov. 
6,  1837,  and  when 
two  years  of  age  his 
parents  removed  to 
Chelsea.  He  at- 
tended the  Chelsea 
public  schools,  grad- 
uated from  the  high 
school  and  then  went 
West,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years, 
engaging  in  the 
lumber  business  i  n 
Chicago.  Returning 
to  Chelsea,  he  began 
in  the  coal  business 
with  his  father  at  the 
same  wharf  now 
occupied  by  him,  on 
July  I,  1859.  Mr. 
Campbell  was  mar- 
ried on  Jan.  i,  1861, 
to  Miss  L  a  V  i  n  i  a 
Hutchinson,    and   to 

them  two  children  have  been  born,  —  Alice,  now  the 
wife  of  Judge  Albert  Bosson,  and  Jeremiah,  who  is  now 
in  business  with  his  father.  Early  in  1862,  a  public 
meeting  was  held  in  City  Hall  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
sidering war  measures,  and  before  the  meeting  was  over 
Mr.  Campbell  became  one  of  a  number  that  volunteered 
to  raise  a  company  in  Chelsea  to  send  to  the  front. 
The  ranks  were  filled  with  young  men  from  the  best 
families  of  the  city.     Mr.  Campbell  enlisted  for  threeyears 


CHARLES    A.    CAMPBELL. 


as  a  private,  and  in  July,  1862,  the  newly-organized  body 
became  Company  G,  Fortieth  Regiment.  He  served  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  Department  of  the  South, 
and  took  part  in  many  skirmishes  and  engagements, 
including  the  rapture  of  Charleston  Harbor  and  the 
fall  of  Fort  Wagner.  He  rose  to  sergeant,  regimental 
quartermaster  sergeant,  and  was  commissioned  lieuten- 
ant. Li  the  spring  of  1864  he  was  taken  seriously  ill  and 
was  obliged  to  return  North.   On  the  recovery  of  his  health 

he  was  commissioned 
by  Govenor  John  A. 
Andrew  captain  for 
the  recruiting  service. 
He  is  now  a  member 
of  the  Military  Order 
of  the  Loyal  Legion, 
and  of  Th  eod  ore 
Winthrop  Post  35, 
Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic,  of  Chelsea. 
Ever  since  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Repub- 
1  i  c  a  n  party,  Mr. 
Campbell  has  been 
one  of  its  ardent 
supporters,  and  to 
the  several  offices  he 
has  held  he  has  been 
elected  as  a  Republi- 
'(jB^'  can.     He  was  coun- 

y  cilman  from   186S  to 

1872,    alderman    in 
1873  and   1875,  and 
in  1883  was  elected 
to    the  State  Senate 
from    a  district  that 
had  previously  been 
Democratic.     Mr. 
Campbell  is  now  one 
of    the    trustees    o  f 
the    Fitz    Public   Library.     In   all  that  pertains  to  the 
welfaie  of  Chelsea,  he  is  much  interested  and  very  active. 
Mr.  Campbell  has  been  president  of  the  Review  Club, 
and  has  always  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the  affairs  of 
this  social  institution.     He  is  a  member  of  Robert  Lash 
Lodge  of  Masons,  and  of  Winnisimmet  Lodge  of  Odd 
Fellows.     His  successful  business  career,  his  public  ser- 
vices and  his  honorable  war  record  render  Mr.  Camp- 
bell one  of  the  conspicuous  figures  in  the  city. 


584 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


DR.    WILLIAM    CLARK    CUTLER,    the   leading 
l)ractitioner  of  medicine  and  surgery  in  Chelsea, 
has  been  for  twenty-six  years  a  familiar  figure  on  the 
streets  of  the  city  and  in  the  homes  of  the  people.    The 
ancestors  of  Dr.  Cutler  came  from  England  in  1637  and 
settled   near  Boston.     Manasseh  Cutler,  LL.  D.,  M.  D., 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  old  Ohio  Company  in 
1786.    Rev.  A.  P.  Peabody,  D.  D.,  of  Cambridge,  Mass., 
has  written  of  him  :  "  For  diversity  of  good  gifts,  for 
their   efficient  use, 
and   for   the   variety 
of  modes  of  valuable 
service  to  his  coun- 
try and  to  mankind, 
I  doubt  whether 
Manasseh  Cutler  has 
his  equal   in  Ameri- 
can  history."      The 
grandfather  of    Dr. 
Cutler,    Hon.    Elihu 
Cutler,  of  Holliston, 
Mass.,  was  a  member 
of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1820, 
a    representative    in 
1827,  and  State  sen- 
ator in  1831  to  1835. 
His    fatlier,   Simeon 
Newton   Cutler,  a 
large    mill-owner    in 
Holliston   and    Ash- 
land,  was   for  many 
years  in   political 
o  f  f  ic  e  .     He    was 
elected  to  the  State 
Legislature  and  Con- 
stitutional    Conven- 
tion   in     1853.     Dr. 
Cutler    was   born  in 
Holliston,      Mass., 

May  17,  1837.  His  preliminary  education  was  received 
in  the  Ashland  High  School  and  Mt.  Hollis  Seminary, 
Holliston.  He  graduated  from  the  old  Laight  Street 
Medical  College  in  New  York  in  1859,  and  began  prac- 
tice in  Upton,  Mass.,  in  i860.  In  1866  he  removed  to 
Chelsea.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of 
Homoeopathy,  the  Massachusetts  and  Boston  Home- 
opathic Medical  societies,  vice-president  of  the  Medical 
Board  of  the  Rufus  S.  Frost  General  Hospital ;  a  director 


in  the  Winnisimmet  National  Bank,  and  a  trustee  of  the 
County  Savings  Bank.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  Review  Club,  and  its  president  in  1875.  In  Free- 
masonry he  has  attained  the  thirty-second  degree.  In 
politics  he  is  an  old-line  Democrat.  He  has  always 
declined  to  accept  political  office.  In  1S71,  when  the 
great  small-pox  epidemic  was  spreading  over  the  coun- 
try. Dr.  Cutler  began  the  propagation  of  boxine  vaccine 
virus.     This  new  departure  was  marked  with  gratifying 

success  and  has  given 
the  doctor  a  national 
reputation,      making 
his  name,  in  connec- 
tion  with    the    New 
England   Vaccine 
Company,  known  to 
the   medical   profes- 
sion   throughout  the 
world.     In  1883    he 
visited    the    extreme 
southern    coast  of 
Florida,  a  section 
t  li  e  n  comparatively 
unknown.     So  favor- 
ably was  he  impressed 
with  this  locality  that 
he    made    ]jurchases 
of  land  and  founded 
the    town    of   Cutler 
on  the  coast  of  Bis- 
cayne  Bay.     He  has 
a  large   plantation  of 
tropical  fruits,  also  a 
steam  starch  factory. 
In  1889  he  was  com- 
missioned by  a  syn- 
dicate   of    Boston 
capitalists  to  investi- 
gate and  report  upon 
a  large  iron  and  coal 
property    in   Kentucky,    as  a  result  of   which  there   is 
to-day  the  new  and  thriving  manufacturing  city  of  Grand 
Rivers,  Ky.,  with  its  millions  of  invested  capital  and  a 
population  of  several   thousands.     The    doctor's   chief 
recreation  is  in  the  saddle.     Genial,  kind-hearted  and 
generous,  he  is  beloved  by  a  large  circle  of  patients  and 
friends.     In  each  of  the  widely  differing  fields  of  medi- 
cine and  of  business  affairs   Dr.  Cutler  has  achieved  a 
pronounced  success. 


WILLIAM    C.   CUTLER 


CHELSEA. 


385 


GKORGE    W.    MOSES   is    president  of   the    First 
Ward  National  Bank  in  East  EJoston,  and  his  rise 
to  this  position  has  been  the  result  of  his  own  faithfulness, 
energy,  business  and  financial  ability.    Colonel  Moses  was 
born  in  Boston,  May  i6,  1852,  and  in  that  city's  schools 
he  obtained  his  earlier  education.     When  he  was  twelve 
years  of  age  he  moved  with  his  parents  to  Chelsea,  where 
he   has   ever  since  continued   to  make  his  home.     He 
attended  the  Chelsea  public  schools,  graduated  from  the 
grammarschool 
when  fifteen  years  of 
age,  and  immediately 
went   to   work   as 
messenger    boy   for 
the   Western    Union 
Telegraph  Company, 
their    office    at    that 
time    being    located 
in  the  old  post-office 
building.      After  si.\ 
months  he  was  taken 
into    the    post-ofifice 
as    clerk,   and    from 
that  position  he  rose 
to    the    head    clerk- 
ship.    He  held  that 
position    for    four 
years.     In    1S72    he 
became    a   book 
keeper  in   the    First 
National   Bank    of 
Chelsea,   and    here 
he   was  promoted 
successively    to    the 
positions   of    head 
book  -  keeper,   teller, 
and  assistant  cashier. 
In  1881  he  was  called 
to    the    position    of 
cashier  of  the   First 

Ward  National  Bank  in  East  Boston,  and  on  the  death  of 
the  bank's  president,  Mr.  S.  H.  Whidden,  which  occurred 
in  June,  1892,  Mr.  Moses  was  unanimously  elected  pres- 
ident. Mr.  Moses  is  vice-president  and  one  of  the 
investing  committee  of  the  County  Savings  Bank  of 
Chelsea,  president  both  of  the  Pennock  Electric  Light 
and  Railway  Company  of  Massachusetts,  and  of  the 
Chelsea  Real  Estate  Association.  The  latter  is  a  com- 
pany of   one   hundred   of   the   leading   business   men, 


GEORGE   W.    MOSES 


formed  for  the  purpose  of  buying  and  developing  real 
estate  in  Chelsea.      Mr.  Moses  holds  many  important 
positions  in  Chelsea  business  circles.      Since   1882  he 
has  been  treasurer  and  managing  director  of  the  Chelsea 
Gas  Light  Company,  and  since  1883  has  been  the  treas- 
urer and  a  director  of  the  Winnisimmet  Company,  propri- 
etors of  the  Chelsea  ferry.     In   1885  he  was  elected  by 
the  Chelsea  City  Council   as  one  of   the  sinking   fund 
commissioners,  and    twice  since  then  he  has   been  re- 
elected.    This  is  the 
only  elective    public 
office    he    has    held. 
His   inclinations  are 
not  in  that  direction, 
although  for  ten  years 
he   served   on   the 
Republ  i  can  City 
Committee,    and    la- 
bored most  diligently 
for    the    success    of 
that  party.     In  1889 
Mr.   Moses   received 
an   appointment    on 
the  staff  of  Governor 
J.  Q.  A.  Brackett  as 
assistant  quartermas- 
ter-general, with  the 
rank  of  colonel,  be- 
ing the  first  man  in 
Chelsea   to   be    thus 
honored    during   the 
past    half    century. 
The   following    year, 
when    the    Governor 
Brackett  Staff  Asso- 
ciation  was  formed. 
Colonel    Moses    was 
elected  secretary, 
and  still  continues  as 
such.     For  twenty 
years  Colonel  Moses  has  been  a  member  of  the  Review 
Club,    Chelsea's    largest    social    organization,    and    has 
serv'ed  five  years  as  one  of  its  directors,  and  one  year  as 
its  president.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  frater- 
nity and   of    the    Royal    Arcanum.      In    1876    Colonel 
Moses  married  Miss  Susie  A.  Ricker,  of  Chelsea,  and  to 
them  three  children  have  been  born.     In  promoting  the 
development  of  Chelsea's  resources  Colonel  Moses  has 
been  for  many  years  a  prominent  and  leading  factor. 


!86 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JUDC'.E   ALBERT   D.    BOSSON    enjoys  the  double 
distinction  of  being  the  only  Democratic   mayor 
Chelsea  has  ever  had,  and  of  being  the  only  Democratic 
judge  to  preside  over  the  police  court.     His  election  to 
the  mayoralty  in  the  fall  of  1890  marked  a  new  era  in 
the  city.     He  brought   to  the  position   great   financial 
and  executive    ability,  and    with    his    administration  is 
linked    the    honor   and    credit   of    refunding    the    city 
debt,  reducing  the  total  face  debt  from  Si, 600,000  to 
$800,000.     At     the 
close  of  his  term  he 
was    tendered    a    re- 
nomination,  but  de- 
clined it  on  account 
of    his  private    busi- 
ness   demanding 
more    of    his    time. 
In     July,     1892,    he 
was  appointed  justice 
of    the    police    court 
of  Chelsea    by  Gov- 
ernor   William    E. 
Russell,  the  appoint- 
ment   being    a    de- 
served   promotion 
from    special    justice 
of  the  court,  to  which 
position    he  was  ap- 
pointed by  ( lovernor 
John    1).    Long    in 
1)  e  c  e  m  b  e  r,    1882. 
I  ud  ge      Bosson      is 
trustee     of    a    num- 
ber of  estates,  inchiil- 
hig  that  of   the   late 
Isaac    Stebbins,    the 
largest    in    the    city, 
and  which,  after  the 
death  of  the  present 
beneficiaries,  will  be- 
come the  property  of    the  city.     Judge  Bosson  is  the 
president  of  the  County  Savings  Bank,  was  one  of  the 
originators   of    the    Provident    Co-operative    Bank,    is 
vice-president  of  the  Winnisimmet  National  Bank,  treas- 
urer of  the  Gloucester  Street  Railway  Company,  and  a 
director  in  several  other  corporations.     Judge  Bosson 
is  the  son  of  George  C.    and  Jennie  Hood  Bosson,  and 
the  grandson   of   Jonathan    I).    Bosson,   who    were    for 
many   years    prominent    residents   of    Chelsea,    where 


ALBERT   D.    BOSSON 


Tudge  Bosson  was  born,  Nov.  8,  1853.  His  grandfather 
served  in  the  war  of  181 2,  while  his  four  great-grand- 
fathers were  soldiers  in  the  Revolution,  of  whom  two 
fought  in  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill ;  his  ancestor.  Cap- 
tain Samuel  Flint,  was  killed  at  Stillwater,  and  his  great- 
grandfather, Warwick  Palfrey,  was  the  first  collector  of 
the  port  of  Salem,  under  the  Continental  Congress. 
Judge  Bosson  attended  the  t'helsea  public  schools,  grad- 
uated from  the  high  school  in  1869,  spent  two  years  at 

Phillips     (Exeter) 
Academy     and      the 
Brown     University 
Grammar   School    at 
Providence,  and  then 
entered   Brown  LTni- 
versity,      graduating 
therefrom     in     the 
class   of    1875.     He 
read  law  in  the  office 
of     Brooks,    Ball    & 
Story  in  Boston,  and 
at   the    Boston    Uni- 
versity   Law    School, 
and    on    Feb.     18, 
187S,    was    admitted 
to  the  bar.     In  May, 
1887,  he    married 
Miss  Alice  L.,  daugh- 
ter  of    Hon.    C.    A. 
Campbell,    and    to 
them    one    cliild   lias 
been  born.     J  ud  g  e 
Bosson  has  travelled 
extensively  and  spent 
much    time    abroad. 
He    is  a   member  of 
the    New    England 
Historic    Genealogi- 
cal   Society,    and 
president  of  the  Re- 
view Club,  the  principal  social  club  of  the  city.     Judge 
Bosson  was  originally  a   Republican ,  but    in    1884    he 
became  one  of  the  famous  Committee  of  One  Hundred 
which  opposed  the  candidacy  of  Mr.  Blaine  in  that  year, 
and  his  convictions  have  since  led  him  to  advocate  the 
principles  of  the  Democratic  party.     As  lawyer,  mayor, 
judge  and  financier,  no  man  in  Chelsea  is  more  highly 
esteemed  by  all  classes  in  the  community,  and  by  men 
of  all  parties,  than  Judge  Bosson. 


CHELSEA. 


387 


ELMER  L.  FRENCH  is  the  junior  member  of  the 
firm  of  French  Brothers,  grocers   and   provision 
dealers,  and    is   one  who   has   done  much  toward  the 
development  of  high-speed  sailing  vessels.     He  is  owner 
in  some  of  the  fastest  pilot  boats  in  Eastern  waters.    Mr. 
French  was  born,  Oct.  11,  1858,  in  Glover,  Vt.,  on  the 
farm  which  was  cleared  by  his  great-grandfather  in  the 
middle  of  the  last  century,  and  which  has  since  remained 
in  the  possession  of  the  family.     His  great-grandfather 
fought  in  the  French 
and  Indian  wars,  and 
participated  in  many 
engagements  on  Ver- 
mont soil.     His  boy- 
hood was  passed  on 
the  farm,  and  attend- 
ing the  district  school 
in  the  winter.    When 
twenty  years  of   age 
he  left  the  farm  and 
procured  a  situation 
in  the  provision  store 
of  his  uncle,  Mr.  Z. 
H.  French,  on  Han- 
over Street,  Boston. 
After  he  had  been  in 
the  store  four  years 
his  uncle  was  killed 
in    a    railroad    acci- 
dent.    .\  ]jartnershii) 
was  formed  between 
Mr.    French   and  an 
older    brother,     Mr. 
ISyron    L.    French, 
and  they  succeeded 
to  the  business.     To- 
day they  are  the  pro- 
prietors   of    what    is 
probably  the   largest 
retail  provision  busi- 
ness in    Boston.     Their  store  is   located   at  Nos.  390, 
392  and  394  Hanover  Street.     The  firm  supplies  many 
of  the   lines  of  steamers   plying    between    Boston    and 
London,  Liverpool,  Antwerp,  and  the  Provinces.     Mr. 
French  is  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and 
the    Fruit    and    Produce    Exchange    of    Boston.     Mr. 
French  is  largely  interested  in  shipping  and  ship-build- 
ing, being  the  owner  in  fourteen  different  vessels,  includ- 
ing the  pilot  boats  "Hesperus,"  "  Sylph  "  and  "Friend," 


ELMER    L.    FRENCH 


all  of  which  are  among  the  fastest  and  best  modelled 
boats  in  Massachusetts  Bay.  The  four-masted  schooner 
"  Elvira  J.  French,"  fifteen  hundred  tons'  burden,  is 
named  in  honor  of  his  mother.  Mr.  French  married 
Miss  Edna  F.  Simmons,  of  Southbridge,  Mass.,  in  1875, 
and  the  same  year  made  his  home  in  Chelsea,  where  he 
continues  to  reside.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican. 
As  such  he  was  elected  to  the  Common  Council  in 
1884   and   1885.     He  was  a   member  of  the   Board  of 

Aldermen    in     1886, 
1887     and    1888. 
While    a  member  of 
the    latter    body    he 
was  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on   Pub- 
lic   Property,  and 
under   his    direction 
the  Broadway  engine 
house  and  the  Bloom- 
ingdale  school-house 
were  built,  while  the 
Shurtleff,      Shawmut 
and    Cary    school- 
houses  were  entirely 
renovated   and    re- 
built.     Mr.    French 
is  a  prominent  mem- 
ber  of    the    Review 
Club.     In    F  r  e  e- 
masonrv    he     is     an 
enthusiast.     He   is  a 
member    of    Robert 
Lash  Lodge,  F.  and 
A.   M.,  of  which  he 
was    for    two    years 
worshipful       master. 
He    is   also  a  mem- 
ber   of    Naphtali 
Council ;      Shekinah 
Chapter    of    the 
Royal     Arch     Masons,    and     Palestine     Commandery, 
Knights    Templar    of    Chelsea;     Lafayette    Lodge    of 
Perfection;    Mt.  Olivet  Chapter  of  Rose  Croix;  Giles 
F.  Vates  Council,  Princes  of  Jerusalem  ;  Massachusetts 
Consistory,   and  Aleppo  Temple  of  the  Mystic  Shrine 
of  Boston.     He  is  a  member  of  Massachusetts  Lodge 
of  Odd  Fellows  and  of  the  Royal  Arcanum.     With  his 
business  associates  of  Boston  Mr.  French  is  as  popular 
as  he  is  in  the  social  life  of  Chelsea, 


388 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


<^   1^- 


COLONEL  JOHN    HENRY    CUNNINGHAM    is 
president  and  treasurer  of  tlie  J-  H.  Cunningham 
Iron  Company,  one  of  the  leading  iron  manufacturing 
companies  in  Massachusetts.  The  business  was  founded 
in  1852  by  Thomas  Cunningham,  and  in  1873  the  firm 
became  Thomas  Cunningham    &  Son  by  the  admission 
to  partnership  of  John  H.  Cunningham,  the  latter  suc- 
ceeding to  the  sole  control  of  the  business  at  the  death 
of  his  father  in  1882.     Last  year  the  firm  was  incorpo- 
rated under  its  pres- 
ent style.     Wrought- 
iron  pipes  and  fittings 
for    steam,    gas    and 
water,  together  with 
several  patent  valves 
and    radiators,    con- 
stitute   the    firm's 
specialties.     In  Bos- 
ton  business   circles 
Colonel  Cunningham 
has  often  been  called 
to  positions  of  honor 
and     responsibility, 
filling    them    with 
credit  and  ability. 
He  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Master 
Builders'  Association, 
the  Master  Plumbers' 
Association    and  the 
Massachusetts  Street 
Railway  Association. 
Colonel  Cunningham 
has  done  and  is  still 
doing   much    to   de- 
velop the  South.    He 
is   vice-president    of 
the    Lone    Star  Iron 
Company,  the  largest 
iron  manufacturing 

concern  in  Texas,  and  is  interested  in  several  street  rail- 
ways in  Texan  cities.  His  investments  in  Massachusetts 
are  also  extensive.  He  is  president  of  the  Plymouth  & 
Kingston  Street  Railway,  vice-president  of  the  Gloi:cester 
Street  Railway,  vice-president  of  the  Boston  Construc- 
tion Company,  and  is  a  large  stockholder  and  director  in 
the  Worcester,  Leicester  &  Spencer  Street  Railways,  the 
New  Haven  &  West  Haven  Street  Railway,  the  Ha- 
verhill &  Amesbury  Street  Railway  and  the   Black  Rock 


JOHN    H.    CUNNINGHAM 


&  Salisbury  Street  Railway  companies.  Colonel  Cun- 
ningham was  born  in  Boston,  March  9, 1 851,  and  attended 
the  public  schools.  Twenty  years  ago  he  moved  to  Chel- 
sea, and  has  since  been  prominently  identified  with  the 
city's  public,  business  and  social  life.  He  has  served  in 
the  city  government.  He  founded  the  Winnisimmet  Na- 
tional Bank,  and  is  its  president.  He  was  one  of  the 
incorporators  of  the  County  Savings  Bank,  and  is  now  a 
member  of  its  Committee  on  Investments.     He  is  the 

largest      stockholder 
in  and  a  director  of 
t  h  e     W  i  n  n  i  s  i  m  - 
met  Ferry  Company, 
and  a  director  of  the 
Lynn  &  Boston  Rail- 
road.    His   appoint- 
ment two  years  ago, 
a  n  d    reappointment 
one  year  later,  on  the 
staff  of  Governor  Rus- 
sell, as  assistant  ad- 
jutant-general, with 
the  rank  of  colonel, 
testify    to    his    high 
and  popular  standing 
in    social    circles. 
Colonel  Cunningham 
i  s     a     thirty-second 
degree    Mason,    and 
is  a  member  of   the 
highest  Chelsea  Ma- 
sonic   lodges.     He 
has  been   a  member 
of    the    Most    Wor- 
shipful Grand  Lodge 
o  f       Massachusetts, 
and  for  two  years  was 
deputy  senior  grand 
warden   of  the  third 
Masonic  district.  He 
is  president  of  the  Chelsea  Democratic  Club,  a  member 
of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  of  Massachusetts, 
of  the  Boston  Athletic  Association  and  the  Review  Club 
of  Chelsea.     His   military   career   extends  over  eleven 
years,  nine  being  passed  in  the  Fifth  Regiment,  and  two 
upon  the  governor's  staff.     In  April,  187,3,  Colonel  Cun- 
ningham was  married  to  Miss  Francis  E.  Prouty,  of  Co- 
hasset,  and  to  them  three  children  have  been  born,  two 
of  whom,  John  H.,  Jr.,  and  Sara  M.,  are  living. 


CHELSEA. 


389 


EVER   since  attaining  his  majority,  Hon.  Arthur  B. 
Champlin  has  been  in  jjubUc  office,  rising  from 
councihnan,  in  his  native  city  of  Chelsea,  to  State  sen- 
ator, and  becoming  one  of  the  best-known  young  Re- 
pubHcans  in  Massachusetts.     Mr.  Champlin  is  publisher 
of  the  Chelsea  Gazcttr,  but   is  best  known   through   the 
acts  of  his  public  life.     His  political  career  opened  in 
1878,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  Common  Council,  and 
immediately  took  an  active  part  in  municipal  matters. 
For  six   consecutive 
years  he  was  returned 
to    the  Council,  and 
during   his   last    two 
years    in    that    body 
was  its  president,  be- 
ing the  youngest  man 
recorded    to   occupy 
that  position.    In  the 
fall     of      1887     Mr. 
Champlin  was  elected 
a    representative    to 
the  Legislature,  serv- 
ing  during   his    first 
term    on   the    Com- 
mittee on  Street  Rail- 
ways.   The  following 
year  he  was  returned, 
and    served    on    the 
Committee     on 
Towns,     serving     as 
clerk  both  terms.    In  \ 

1888  he  was  elected  S 

mayor    of     Chelsea,  :^ 

being  then  the  young- 
est man  but  one  who 
had  ever  held  that 
office.  He  was  re- 
elected the  next  year. 
During  his  adminis- 
tration  the   city  was 

vigorously  improved,  electric  lights  were  introduced 
throughout  the  city,  miles  of  sewer  and  water  pipe  and 
brick  sidewalks  were  laid,  the  police  and  fire  depart- 
ments were  reorganized,  and,  withal,  the  tax  rate  was 
lowered.  While  mayor  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
senator,  taking  his  seat  when  the  Senate  was  equally 
divided  politically.  He  was  made  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Liipior  Law  and  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittees on  Public  Charitable  Institutions  and  Public  Ser- 


ARTHUR    B.    CHAMPLIN 


vice.  On  being  again  elected  to  the  Senate,  he  became 
chairman  of  the  committees  on  Liquor  Law  and  Taxa- 
tion and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Constitutional 
Amendments.  During  his  two  terms  in  the  Senate  he 
displayed  great  activity  on  the  floor  of  that  chamber  as 
well  as  in  committee  work.  While  he  was  mayor  of 
Chelsea  he  was  the  only  Massachusetts  mayor  to  indi- 
cate Chicago  as  his  preference  for  the  location  of  the 
\\'orld's  Fair.     In  1892  he  was  appointed  on  the  Senate 

Committee  to  attend 
the  dedication  of  the 
fair  at  Chicago.     Mr. 
Champlin   was   born 
Feb.    7,     1858,    and 
until  he  was  sixteen 
years  of  age  attended 
the    Chelsea    public 
schools.     At  that  age 
his  newspaper  career 
commenced,  with  his 
employment  on   the 
Boston    Globe    as    a 
district  reporter. 
Two  years  later  the 
Chelsea  Record  was 
established,  and  Mr. 
Champlin,   then   not 
out  of  his  teens,  was 
made  manager.     He 
successfully  built  up 
the   paper  and   con- 
tinued manager  until 
1886,  when  he  started 
a  paper  of  his  own, 
the  Chelsea  Gazette, 
which  he    still   pub- 
lishes.    Mr."Champ- 
lin    is  a  member  of 
many  fraternal  socie- 
ties.    He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  all   Masonic   branches  in  Chelsea ;  of  the  Odd 
Fellows  ;  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  ;  of  the  Improved 
Order  of  Red  Men,  and  is  connected  with  several  social 
clubs.     He  is  a  trustee  of  the  Walnut  Street  Methodist 
Church,  and  has  been  identified  with  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  since  its  foundation.     Mr.  Champ- 
lin is  unmarried.     With  such  a  record  of  active  useful- 
ness as  he  has  made,  Mr.  Champlin's  friends  anticipate 
for  him  still  higher  honors  in  the  future. 


HAVERHILL,  with  its  fine  residences  resting  upon  an  amphitlieatre  of  hills,  and  its  mercantile  buildings  and 
manufactories  stretched  along  the  bank  of  the  Merrimack,  is  one  of  the  busiest  and  most  prosperous  cities 
in  the  State.  It  is  indeed  an  ancient  town,  having  been  settled  by  the  English  in  1640,  and  was  made  a  city  in 
1870.  Few  of  its  old  buildings  are  now  standing,  but  many  historical  spots  are  marked  with  monuments,  stone 
and  board,  and  are  full  of  interest.  Its  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  was  celebrated  July  2,  1890.  Many 
of  the  descendants  of  the  old  families  are  still  active  in  the  life  of  Haverhill,  and  the  nature  of  her  industries  has 
attracted  manv  of  the  best  young  men  and  women  from  other  States.  In  \ery  recent  years,  however,  the  present 
])opulation  of  thirty  thousand  people  has  grown  more  mixed,  as  in  all  manufacturing  places.  It  has  raised  up 
sons  and  daughters  prominent  in  all  walks  of  life,  foremost  among  whom  is  the  late  John  G.  \\liittier,  the  great 
poet  of  Freedom. 

In  public  buildings,  Haverhill  can  boast  of  one  of  the  best  city  halls  in  New  England,  and  of  an  excellent 
public  library  well  equipped  in  all  branches,  while  the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  City  Hospital  and  Children's  Home 
are  models  of  their  kind.  The  twenty-five  churches  are  well  attended,  and  testify  to  the  character  of  the  people. 
There  are  many  fine  school-houses,  some  of  which  are  of  recent  origin.  The  school  system  is  equal  to  any  in 
New  England.  The  natural  location  of  Haverhill  and  its  exceptionally  fine  stores  make  it  a  centre  of  trade  for 
many  surrounding  towns,  and  the  recent  entrance  of  the  Haverhill,  Merrimack  &  Amesbury  Electric  Road  has 
brought  an  increased  patronage.  The  local  Haverhill  c&  (Iroveland  Street  Railway  is  now  changing  to  electric 
eiiuipment,  and  the  two  roads  will  give  a  still  greater  boom  to  the  building  of  more  homes,  though  the  city  has 
e.'cpanded  very  rapidly  during  the  past  few  years.     Its  future  is  therefore  full  of  promise. 

The  banking  facilities  are  very  large,  with  plenty  of  capital  in  the  five  national  banks,  three  savings  banks, 
two  co-operative  banks,  and  one  loan  and  trust  company.  The  recent  purchase  by  the  city  of  the  aqueduct  which 
gives  a  water  supply  at  an  expense  of  ^637,500,  will  prove  to  be  a  safe  investment,  and  with  the  same  conservative 
policy  which  has  been  ]nirsued  by  its  owners  in  the  past,  will  within  twenty  years  wipe  out  the  debt,  and  put  the 
city  in  possession  of  an  aqueduct,  which  in  all  its  appointments  and  ])urity  of  water  supply  is  unexcelled  in  this 
country. 

The  statistics  of  Haverhill's  manufacturing  industry  in  the  census  of  1890  gives  the  following:  Number  of 
establishments,  722;  number  of  industries,  64;  capital  invested,  :f!7,925,8io  ;  hands  employed,  14,988:  wages 
paid,  $6,815,474;  cost  of  material  used,  §13,561,592,  and  value  of  produi:t,  :S25,34o,36i.  The  product  of  the  hat 
industry,  contemporary  in  age  with  the  shoe  industry,  both  having  been  started  as  early  as  1795,  is  over  Si, 000,000 
each  year.  The  other  varied  industries  share  $7,000,000  of  the  above-named  product,  while  the  shoe  industry  will 
claim  a  division  of  over  S15, 000,000  annually.  It  is  chiefly  to  the  shoe  business  that  Haverhill  owes  her  growth, 
wealth  and  prosperity. 

The  conflagration  of  ¥eh.  17,  1882,  destroyed  the  old  factories,  and  the  large  area  known  as  the  shoe 
district  is  now  covered  with  new  and  substantial  brick  buildings  that  are  increasing  in  number  each  year.  In  all 
of  them  may  be  found  the  latest  improvements  in  machinery,  and  a  large  number  of  the  best  skilled  workmen. 
The  reputation  of  Haverhill  for  fine  goods  is  now  established  in  the  trade,  and  large  orders  are  daily  received 
from  all  parts  of  the  world.  Haverhill's  contribution  of  $5,600,  towards  the  erection  of  the  Shoe  and  Leather 
Trade  Building  at  the  World's  Fair,  demonstrated  her  interest  in  that  project,  and  it  is  safe  to  predict  that  the 
Haverhill  shoe  exhibit  will  sustain  her  well-earned  prestige. 


UA  VERHfLL. 


391 


MAYOR    OI.IVKR    'I'AVLOR   is   one  of  the  best- 
known  and  most  successful  business  men  in  the 
Queen  City  of  the  Merrimack,  Haverhill.     He  was  born 
in  Atkinson,  N.  H.,  in  the  year  1827,  and  is  the  son  of 
Oliver  and    Lettice  Taylor.     He  was   educated   in  the 
common  schools,  and  at  the  academy  of  his  native  town. 
Upon  the  completion  of  his  school  career  he  engaged  in 
farming,  which  pursuit  he  followed  until  the  year  1852, 
when  he  moved   to  Haverhill,  and  at  once   decided  to 
learn  the  grocery 
business.        He 
accepted    the    posi- 
tion of   clerk  in  the 
grocery  store  of  Cur- 
rier &  Taylor,  where 
h  e    faithfully    p  e  r  - 
formed  his  work  un- 
til engaged  by  John 
Da\is     in    a    similar 
position  in  the  same 
business.     After  hav- 
ing acquired  a  thor- 
ough   knowledge    of 
all  the  details  of  the 
work,  he  entered  into 
a  partnership   with 
Ebenezer     Webster, 
under  the  firm  name 
of  \\'ebster  &  Taylor, 
which  firm  continued 
to    do   a    successful 
business    for   several 
years.      The  partner- 
ship  was    then   dis- 
solved, and  Mr.  Tay- 
lor  w  e  n  t    into    the 
clothing   business 
with  his  brother,  Levi 
Taylor,   a   former 
honored    mayor  of 

Haverhill.  They  built  up  a  large  trade,  and  the  firm 
continued  as  Oliver  and  l-evi  Taylor,  partners,  until 
Martin  Taylor  was  taken  in  as  a  member  of  the  firm, 
when  the  name  was  changed,  and  is  now  styled,  "  The 
Three  Taylors."  It  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
reliable  business  houses  in  Essex  County.  In  addition, 
Mr.  Taylor  has  been  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Taylor, 
(ioodwin  &  Co.,  the  largest  coal  and  lumber  dealers  in 
Haverhill.     He   is  also  a  large  real  estate  owner,  and 


consecjuently  a  heavy  tax  payer.  Mr.  Taylor's  marked 
business  qualities  were  soon  recognized  by  his  associ- 
ates, and  he  has  been  called  to  serve  in  many  respon- 
sible positions,  among  which  are  the  following  :  Presi- 
dent and  director  in  the  Essex  National  Bank,  and  di- 
rector in  the  Citizens'  Cooperative  Bank  and  Pentucket 
Savings  Bank,  all  of  which  are  doing  a  good  business, 
and  are  among  the  best  banking  institutions  of  the  city. 
He  is  also  director  in  the  Merrimack  Valley  Steamboat 

Company,  and  in  the 
Amesbury     Carriage 
Company.      Mr. 
Taylor  married  Mary 
E).  Fellows,  daughter 
of    Samuel    Fellows, 
and    they    ha\e    one 
daughter,    Edith. 
Mr.   Taylor   is  a 
stanch    Republican 
in  politics,  and    has 
seen    something   of 
public  life.     He  has 
been   a    member    of 
the   Board   of   Over- 
seers of  the  Poor  for 
the  past  twenty-nine 
years,  and  has  been 
a    careful    and    val- 
uable official  in  the 
department.     He 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of 
.'Mdermen  in  the  year 
1873.      In    1876    he 
was  chosen  to  repre- 
sent   his    d-istrict    in 
the  lower  branch  of 
the  State  Legislature, 
and  was  assigned  to 
several    important 
committees,  being  made  chairman  of  the  State  House 
Committee.     He  proved  to  be  a  good  legislator,  and  his 
record  was  such  as  met  the  general  approval  of  his  con- 
stituents, who  honored  him  with  a  re-election  the  fol- 
lowing year.     He  then  retired   from  politics   until  the 
present  year,  when  he  became  a  candidate  for  the  may- 
oralty in  mass  caucus,  and  received  the  nomination  by  a 
large  majority.     The  contest  which  followed  was  sharply 
fought,  but  Mr.  Taylor  was  elected. 


OLIVER    TAYLOR 


392 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM   H.  MOODY,  a  well-known  lawyer   of 
Haverhill,  is  a  native  of  Newbury,  Mass.,  having 
been    born  in    that    town  on  the    twenty-third  day    of 
December,  in  the  year  1S53.     His  early  education  was 
obtained  in  the  public  schools  of  Salem,  where  his  early 
boyhood  was  spent.     He  is  the  son  of  Henry   L.  and 
Melisha  A.   Moody.     His  father  then  moved  his  family 
to  Danvers,  Mass.,  where  his  son  took  a  course  of  study 
in  the   Danvers   High  School,  and   then  decided   to  fit 
himself    "or    college. 
With    this   in    mind, 
he    naturally    sought 
one    of    the    leading 
preparatory    schools 
in  this  section  of  the 
State,  in   the   well- 
known    institution, 
Phillips  Academy, 
A  n  d  o  V  e  r.     LI  p  o  n 
completion   of    the 
course    there,    h  e 
entered   Harvard 
College,  from  which 
university  he  gradu- 
ated in  the  year  1876. 
The  bent  of  his  mind 
was  toward  the  legal 
profession,    and    h  e 
entered    upon    the 
study  of   law  in  the 
ofifice   of    the  late 
Richard  H.  Dana,  of 
Boston,  continuing 
his  studies   until 
April.    1878,  w  h  en, 
upon  passing  a  suc- 
cessful   examination, 
he  was  admitted   to 
the  bar.     He  had  in 
the  year  1874  taken 

up  a  legal  residence  in  Haverhill,  and  at  once  decided 
to  open  an  ofifice  in  the  city  of  his  adoption.  He  there- 
fore made  arrangements  to  enter  into  a  law  partnership 
with  K.  N.  Hill,  under  the  firm  name  of  Hill  &  Moody. 
This  firm  continued  to  do  business  for  the  period  of  two 
years,  when  Mr.  Hill  decided  to  seek  another  city,  and 
the  partnership  was  dissolved.  Mr.  Moody  then  asso- 
ciated himself  for  one  year  with  the  late  Joseph  K.  Jen- 
nen,  under  the  firm  name  of  Jennen  &  Moody,   their 


WILLIAM    H.    MOODY 


business  relations  being  severed  by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Jennen,  whose  memory  is  still  dear  to  the  citizens  of 
Haverhill.  For  a  time  following  the  decease  of  Mr. 
Jennen  Mr.  Moody  was  alone  until  his  present  law 
partner,  Horace  E.  Bartlett,  assumed  an  interest,  and 
the  firm  has  since  continued  under  the  name  of  Moody 
&:  Bartlett.  Mr.  Moody  has  served  one  term  of  three 
years  as  a  member  of  the  Haverhill  School  Board.  He 
was  elected  to  the  position  of  city  solictor  during  the 

year  1888,  and  was 
re-elected  to  c  o  n- 
tinue  in  office  the 
f  o  1  lo  w  i  n  g  year  of 
1889.  Mr.  Moody 
is  a  Republican  in 
politics.  His  careful 
administration  of  the 
duties  connected 
with  the  ofifice  within 
the  gift  of  his  own 
municipality  served 
to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  those  in- 
terested in  county 
affairs,  and  he  was 
made  a  candidate  for 
the  position  of  dis- 
t  r  i  c  t  attorney  o  f 
/         ^  Essex    County,   and 

was  elected  upon  the 
Republican  ticket  by 
a  handsome  majority 
in  the  fall  of  1889. 
The  appreciation  of 
his  work  is  seen  in 
the  fact  that  he  has 
since  continued  to 
hold  the  ofifice.  Mr. 
Moody  is  a  member 
of  the  Order  of  Elks, 
and  was  the  first  exalted  ruler  of  the  order  in  Haverhill. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity.  Mr. 
Moody  possesses  rare  common- sense,  and,  being  en- 
dowed with  ability  and  great  capacity  for  work,  may 
well  anticipate  many  years  of  honor  and  usefulness. 
His  high  standing  at  the  Massachusetts  bar,  his  legal 
attainments  and  his  many  fine  (jualities  conspire  to 
render  him  one  of  the  most  prominent  figures  in  the 
ofiicial  life  of  the  city  of  his  adoption. 


HA  VERHILI.. 


393 


JOHN    A.   GALE,  formerly  a  leading  shoe  manufac- 
turer, but  of  late  engaged  in  the  banking  business, 
was  born  in  Newton,  N.  H.,  Nov.  24,   1848.     His  pri- 
mary education  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of 
Newton  and  the  higher  branches  were  pursued  at  Kings- 
ton Academy,  Kingston,  N.  H.     He  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  Haverhill  in  the  year   1S69,  and  at  once  en- 
tered into  the  shoe  business  under  the  firm   name  of 
Gale  &:  Currier.      This  partnershi])  was  soon  dissolved 
by  the  death  of  Mr. 
Currier.     Mr.  Gale 
then  associated  him- 
self with  Charles  N. 
Hoyt  for  three  years, 
at  the  expiration   of 
which    lime  he  con- 
ducted   business    for 
himself    until     18S9. 
His  accumulation  of 
a  large  property  dur- 
ing   these    years 
marked  out  for  him 
a  successful  financial 
career,  which    he    is 
now  following  as  one 
of  the  leading  bank- 
ers in  this  section  of 
the    Commonwealth. 
He  married,  in  1S70, 
Mary   K.    Simonds, 
and    they   have    one 
daughter,    Mabel    J. 
Gale.     Mr.    Gale    is 
a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics.    He    first    ran 
for  office  as  an  inde- 
pendent     candidate 
for   the    Common 
Council,    and    was 
elected  by  the  largest 

vote  cast  for  any  nominee  on  the  city  ticket  for  that 
year.  He  was  re-elected  to  the  same  office  the  year 
following,  being  a  member  of  the  city  government 
during  the  years  1877  and  1878.  In  1879  he  was 
elected  as  overseer  of  the  poor,  and  remained  in  the 
position  until  the  year  1892,  during  which  time  many 
reforms  in  this  department  of  city  affairs  were  insti- 
tuted and  expenses  greatly  reduced.  Mr.  Gale  served 
two  terms  of  three  years  each  as  a  useful  member  of  the 


JOHN    A.    GALE 


Haverhill  School  Board.  In  the  fall  of  1890  he  was 
nominated  as  one  of  the  candidates  to  represent  his 
district  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature and  was  elected  by  a  handsome  plurality,  a  vic- 
tory hardly  to  lie  expected  in  what  had  heretofore  been 
regarded  as  a  Republican  district.  He  showed  himself 
to  be  an  able  legislator,  and  was  especially  strong  in 
the  discussion  of  all  financial  questions.  Through  his 
efforts  a  charter  was  obtained  for  the  Pentucket  Savings 

Bank  and  the  Haver- 
hill Loan  and  Trust 
Company.     He    was 
unanimously  renom- 
inated   to    serve    in 
the     same     capacity 
the    following    year, 
but     declined      the 
honor.     In  1886  Mr. 
Ciale   organized    the 
Second    National 
Bank   o  f    Haverhill, 
and   has  since    con- 
tinued   as    its    presi- 
dent.    From    this 
time   on  he  made  a 
public   financial  rec- 
ord,   of    which    one 
may  well  be    proud, 
as  will  be  seen  from 
the  responsible  posi- 
tions mentioned  be- 
low  which    he    now 
holds,  in  addition  to 
the  presidency  of  the 
Haverhill    Second 
National  Bank.     He 
has  been  a  member 
of     the    Investment 
Committee    con- 
nected with  the  Pen- 
tucket  Savings    Bank,   the    Haverhill    Loan   and  Trust 
Company  and  the  Citizens'  Cooperative  Bank  ever  since 
their   organization.     In   1890  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  Amesbury  National   Bank.     In  1892    Mr.  Gale, 
with  others,  organized  the  Somerville  National  Bank,  of 
which    he    is   vice-president.     He    is   also   one  of   the 
directors  in  the  Haverhill  and  (Iroveland  Street  Railway. 
Mr.  c;ale  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  financiers  in 
the  Commonwealth. 


394 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    7^0-DAY. 


El  )\VARI)  t;.  FROTHINGHAM,  a  prominent  resi- 
dent of  Haverhill,  and  son  of  Edward  G.  Froth- 
ingham,    Sr.,    the    editor  of   the    Haverhill    Gazette  for 
twenty-six  years,   was   born   in  Gloucester,  Mass.,  and 
educated   in   the  Haverhill  schools.     He  studied  at  the 
Massachusetts    College   of  Pharmacy,  and   later  estab- 
lished himself,  and  continued   in   the  drug  business  in 
Haverhill  until  1885.     He  did  much  to  raise  the  stan- 
dard of  pharmacy,  serving  as  the  first  president  of  the 
Essex  County  Phar- 
maceutical   Associa- 
tion, as  well  as  offi- 
cer  and   member  of 
the    city.  State    and 
national  pharmaceu- 
tical associations,  and 
trustee  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts   College    of 
Pharmacy  for  several 
years.     His    interest 
in  literary  and  educa- 
tional   matters    was 
shown  in  his  work  as 
assistant  editor  of  the 
Haverhill  Gazette  for 
several  years,  and  as 
president    of  the 
Haverhill    High 
School  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation.    During  the 
late  war  he  enlisted 
and  served  as  hos])i- 
tal    steward  until  its 
close.     He    first   ac- 
cepted puVilic   office 
in     1885,     and    was 
elected     representa- 
tive to    the    General 
Court,    where    he 
proved    himself     an 

able  legislator,  participating  freciuently  in  discussions 
upon  the  floor  of  the  House  and  notably  as  champion 
of  the  famous  Pharmacy  Bill.  He  helped  to  secure  its 
passage  after  it  had  been  defeated  in  eight  ]jrevious 
Legislatures.  As  an  advocate  of  wise  legislation  for  the 
workingmen  he  proved  himself  a  conser\ative  but  true 
friend  of  the  labor  interests.  He  was  handsomely 
re-elected  the  next  year  by  a  majority  of  seven  hundred 
votes  in  a  close  district.     He  is  a  stanch  Republican, 


striving  to  keep  his  party  in  sympathy  with  the  indus- 
trial classes,  and  the  wisdom  of  this  course  is  now  more 
generally  recognized  in  the  platforms  adopted.  Mr. 
Frothingham  would  doubtless  have  been  returned  for  a 
third  term,  but  was  prevailed  upon  to  enter  the  sena- 
torial race  in  1887,  and  received  the  support  of  thirty- 
six  out  of  forty-two  of  the  Haverhill  delegates  to  the 
convention.  Unfortunately,  however,  Newburyport  at 
the   lower   end  of   the    district  had   been  unavoidably 

divided  into  two  dis- 
tricts by  the  Senato- 
rial   Redis  trie  ting 
Committee    of    the 
previous  Legislature, 
of  which  Mr.  Froth- 
ingham was  a  mem- 
ber.     He     did    not 
favor     the    division, 
but  Newburyport  at- 
tributed  the   change 
of  boundary  to  him, 
and    caused  his    de- 
feat  at    the    polls. 
Haverhill,     however, 
gave  him  the  unprec- 
edented  majority  of 
nearly  one  thousand 
votes.     As    a   vindi- 
cation    he     was 
strongly    urged    to 
enter  the    mavoralty 
contest,  but   he  pre- 
ferred    a    rest    from 
political  excitement. 
Mr.    Frothingham   is 
a    thirty-second    de- 
gree  Mason,   an  en- 
campment Odd  Fel- 
low,   and    has    been 
master    workman    of 
the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen.     He  is  also  a 
charter  member  of  Major  How  Post,  was  its  surgeon  for 
sixteen  years,  and  its  historian  upon  the  celebration  of 
its  twentieth  anniversary.     He  has  been  Memorial  Day 
orator  for  his  own  and  other  posts.     He  was  chairman 
of  the  Republican  City  Committee  for  five  consecutive 
years.     In   1889    he    was    appointed    by  the    [iresident 
special  examiner    of    drugs,   medicines  and  chemicals, 
for  the  port  of  Boston  and  Charlestown. 


EDWARD    G.    FROTHINGHAM 


HA  VERHILL. 


395 


i 


BENJAMIN  FRANKLIN  BRICKEIT,  son  of  Frank- 
lin  and  Mehitable  Dow   (Bradley)  Brickett,  was 
born  in  Haverhill,  Essex  County,  Mass.,  April  lo,  1846. 
He  belongs  to  one  of    the  oldest  and  best-known  fami- 
lies in   Haverhill    on   both    the    paternal   and  maternal 
side,  his  ancestry  upon  the  Brickett  side  embracing  Gen- 
eral Brickett  of  Revolutionary  fame.     His  father,  Frank- 
lin Brickett,  was  famous  in  his  lifetime  for  his  enterprise 
and  courage  in  helping  to    build    up  and  promote  the 
best  interests  of  Ha- 
verhill, and  no   man 
of  his  time  did  more 
than    he    for  Haver- 
hill, in  the    erection 
of  substantial  blocks 
and  dwelling-houses. 
Benjamin  F.  was  edu- 
cated   in    the  public 
schools  of  his  nati\  e 
town,  and    fitted    for 
college   at   the  well- 
known    institution, 
Phillips   Exeter 
Academy.      He    en- 
tered Dartmouth  Col- 
lege in  1863,  and  was 
graduated  therefrom 
in  the  class  of  1867. 
He  chose  the  profes- 
sion of   the  law,  and 
began    his  prelimi- 
nary studies  in  t  h  e 
office    of     D.    &   C. 
Saunders,    in    Law- 
rence.     After   being 
with  them  a  year,  he 
entered  the  Harvard 
Law   School,    c  om  - 
pleted    the   course 
there,  and    was   ad- 
mitted to  the   bar  in    1869.     He  then  taught  the  high 
school  two  years   in  Clendall,  Ohio.     He  returned    to 
Haverhill  in  1872,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  in   which    he    is    still    successfully  engaged. 
On  both  the  civil  and  criminal  side  of  the  court  he  has 
acquired    the   reputation    of   being   a  fearless,  discreet 
and  zealous  advocate.     He    has   attained   considerable 
prominence  as  counsel  in  many  of  the  noted  criminal 
causes  of  Essex  County,  and    he   has  acted  as  leading 


T 


'._^ 


BENJAMIN    F.    BRICKETT 


counsel  successfully  in  a  capital  case  of  some  note  in 
New  Hampshire.  Mr.  Brickett  has  been  closely  iden- 
tified with  the  politics  of  city  and  State  for  some  years, 
and  is  a  stanch  Democrat.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Democratic  City  Committee  from  1882  to  1886,  and 
from  1889  to  1892,  inclusive  ;  city  solicitor  of  Haverhill, 
1883,  1884  and  1885  ;  a  member  of  the  School  Com- 
mittee from  1876  to  1882  ;  a  member  of  the  State  Sen- 
ate from  the  fourth  Essex  senatorial  district  for  the  year 

1 89 1,  and  a  delegate 
from    his  congres- 
sional district  to  the 
National  Democratic 
Convention   at   Chi- 
cago,   which    nomi- 
nated Cleveland  and 
Stevenson.     He   was 
an  active  worker  for 
the  candidacy  of  Mr. 
Cleveland.     Lentil 
Mr.  Brickett  took  the 
chairmanship  of  the 
Democratic  City 
Committee   in  1889, 
the  city  of  Haverhill 
had    always   been 
strongly  Republican, 
but  under  his  leader- 
ship it    has    become 
quite  evenly  bal- 
anced.     His    efforts 
in  behalf  of  his  party, 
and  in  defence  of  his 
principles   and   con- 
victions ha\e  gained 
him  prominence  and 
distinction    through- 
out the  State.     As  a 
member  of  the  State 
Senate    in    1891,   he 
was  conspicuous  for  his  very  able  work  on  the  Judiciary 
Committee.     He  was   also  appointed  chairman  of  the 
Joint  Committee  on  Probate  and  Insolvency  by  a  Re- 
publican president  of   the    Senate.     While  he  was  an 
especial  champion  of  all  legislation  intended  to  benefit 
the  wage  earner  and  farmer,  he  carefully  guarded  all  the 
varied  interests  of   the  fourth  Essex  district,  and  won 
the    admiration  of    his  constituents.     Mr.  Brickett  was 
married  in  (Ireat  Falls,  N.H.,  in  1889,  to  E.Jennie  Guptill. 


X-. 


396 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


RVX.    (;K0RGE    H.    reed,    pastor   of   the  North 
Church    in    Haverhill,    was    born    in   Worcester, 
Mass.,  March  24,  1858.     His  father,  Samuel  (',.  Reed, 
who  married  Clara  E.  Harlan,  of  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  a 
lineal  descendant  of  John  Alden,  was  for  fifty  years  a 
manufacturer  of  carriage  wheels  and   an   inventor  of  a 
tire    heater  now  extensively  used    in   heating  carriage 
and  locomotive  tires  with  gas.    His  son  George  attended 
the  Worcester  schools  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  when  he 
engaged  in  business 
for    five    years.     He 
then  renewed  his  in- 
terest in  his  studies, 
and  prepared  himself 
for  his  present  call- 
ing    in     accordance 
with  a   most  cher- 
ished  desire   of    his 
father.      He     there- 
fore entered  Phillips 
Exeter   Academy  in 
the  fall  of  1879,  and 
was  graduated  in  the 
centennial    class    of 
1883,    of    which    he 
had     the    honor    of 
being    class    orator. 
On   account   of    the 
uncertain    condition 
of  his  father's  health, 
Mr.  Reed  deemed  it 
wise  to  take  his  the- 
ological    course     at 
15  a  n  g  o  r     Seminary 
before  entering  upon 
his  studies  at  Boston 
University.   While  at 
the    university    h  e 
accepted    a     unani- 
mous call  to  become 

pastor  of  the  Winslow  Church,  in  Taunton,  Mass.,  and 
was  ordained  and  installed  June  3,  1887.  During  his 
successful  pastorate  over  this  church  Mr.  Reed  married 
Miss  Nellie  V.  Deane,  daughter  of  Dr.  A.  S.  Deane,  a 
prominent  physician  of  that  city.  Mrs.  Reed  at  once 
proved  herself  eminently  fitted  in  every  way  for  the 
delicate  duties  of  a  minister's  wife.  One  daughter  has 
been  born  to  them,  Margaret  Reed.  While  in  Taunton, 
he  was  elected  trustee  of  Bristol  Academy,  president  of 


GEORGE    H.    REED 


the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals, 
l)resident  of  the  Board  of  Associated  Charities,  presi- 
dent of  the  Taunton  Congregational  Club,  and  for 
three  years  was  scribe  of  the  Taunton  Conference  of 
Congregational  Churches.  After  four  years  of  fruitful 
service  as  a  beloved  pastor  in  this  field,  a  unanimous 
call  was  extended  to  him  by  the  North  Church  of 
Haverhill  to  be  its  minister,  and  upon  its  acceptance  he 
moved  to  Haverhill.     He  was  installed  Nov.  10,  1891, 

in    his    new   field  of 
labor,   where  his 
knowledge    of    men 
acquired  in  his  bus- 
iness career  together 
with  his  studious 
habits    and    pleasing 
address  have  emi- 
nently qualified  him 
to  meet  the  demands 
of  one  of  the  strong- 
est churches  outside 
of  Boston  in  Eastern 
Massachusetts.    The 
North    Church    em- 
ploys   a    pastor's 
assistant,  who,  being 
a   sensible    and    de- 
voted  woman,    finds 
access  to  the  hearts 
and    homes    of    the 
young    women    em- 
ployed in    the    large 
shoe  shops.    The 
Young    Women's 
Reading  Room,  sus- 
tained by  the  church, 
attracts    nearly    five 
thousand  visitors 
each   year.      Classes 
in  book-keeping, 
type-writing,    painting,    elocution    and    singing    enable 
young  women  to  obtain  more  lucrative  positions  than 
they  could   otherwise  command.     One   of    the   sewing 
societies  connected  with  the  church,  the  Bethany  Asso- 
ciation,   is    a   chartered    organization,    whose    charities 
amount  to  one  thousand  dollars  each  year.     The  large 
sewing-school  and  the  ably-conducted  Chinese  Mission 
School  indicate  the    vigor   and   practical  spirit  of  this 
church  under  the  guidance  of  its  popular  pastor. 


IIA  VERIIILL. 


397 


J    OTIS  WARDWELL,  son  of  Zenas  C.  and  Adriana 
.      S.  VVardwell,  was  born  in   Lowell,   Mass.,  March 
14,   1856.     His  parents  moved  to  Groveland  in   i860. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools,  at  the  George- 
town High  School,  at  the  New  London  Academy  and  at 
the  Boston  LTniversity  Law  School,  where  he  graduated 
with   the  degree  of  LL.  B.  in  the  class  of  1879.     He 
then  studied   law  with  Samuel  J.  Klder  in  Boston  and 
with  J.  P.  and  B.  B.  Jones  in  Haverhill,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Essex 
bar     in     1879.      He 
then  took  up  his  res- 
idence   in    Haverhill 
and    formed    a    law 
partnership    with 
Henry     N.     Merrill, 
under  the  firm  name 
of    Merrill   &   Ward- 
well.     This   partner- 
ship continued  until 
Dec.    I,   189T,  when 
Mr.  W'ardwell  retired 
from  the  firm  and  is 
now      practising     in 
Boston,  with  his  office 
at  No.  53  State  Street, 
although  residing  in 
Haverhill.     He     has 
always  taken  an  active 
interest    in    politics, 
and    was    elected    a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mon Council  in  1882. 
In      18S7      he      was 
elected  to  the  lower 
branch  of    the   Mas- 
sachusetts     Legisla- 
ture as  a  Republican, 
and  was  honored  with 
five    consecutixe 

terms  in  that  body.  Early  in  his  first  session  he  was 
prominent  in  debates,  and  at  the  close  of  the  session 
was  regarded  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  House.  At 
the  beginning  of  his  second  year  he  was  recognized  as 
the  Republican  leader  upon  the  floor,  which  position  he 
held  during  the  remainder  of  his  legislative  service. 
He  was  twice  a  candidate  for  speaker  of  the  House, 
and  was  defeated  in  the  second  contest  by  only  two 
votes,  after  one  of  the  hardest  contests  in  the  history  of 


J.   OTIS    WARDWELL 


the  Commonwealth.  While  a  member  of  the  Legisla- 
ture he  served  upon  the  following  committees  :  Elec- 
tions (chairman),  Probate  and  Insolvency,  Mercantile 
Affairs  (chairman),  Judiciary,  Rules  (chairman),  and 
was  a  member  of  the  special  committee  to  investigate 
the  charges  of  corrupt  use  of  money  in  the  passage  of 
the  bill  to  incorporate  the  town  of  Beverly  Farms.  He 
was  also  chairman  of  a  committee  to  investigate  similar 
charges  as  to  the  bill  for  granting  franchises  to  elevated 

railroads   in    Boston. 
Both  these  investiga- 
tions attracted  wide- 
spread attention,  and 
Mr.     Wardwell     was 
highly  complimented 
for    the    manner    in 
which     he     presided 
over    them.     During 
his  entire  legislative 
service  he  was  always 
prominent  in  debates 
upon  all  public  ques- 
tions, particularly 
those  relating  to  the 
right  of  suffrage,  such 
as    the    abolishment 
of  the  poll-tax  qual- 
ification   as    a    pre- 
requisite to  the  right 
to  vote.     As  a  mem- 
ber of  the  "No  Tax 
League,"    he    joined 
with    some     of     the 
most  prominent  Re- 
publicans in  the  State 
in    asking     for     the 
amendment    to    the 
constitution  in  favor 
of    the    abolition    as 
above     stated.      He 
always  fa\ored  progressive  temperance  legislation  and 
all  legislation   for  protecting  the   ballot.     He   has   not 
only  been  active  in  the  Legislature,  but  upon  the  stump 
during  the  campaigns  of  the  last  six  years,  in  which  he 
was  very  prominent.     For  several  years  Mr.  Wardwell 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the   Republican  State 
Committee,  and  served  as  assistant  secretary  two  years 
and  secretary  three  years.     He  has  a  wide  acquaintance 
with  contemporary  public  men  and  measures. 


>wf(«»r*^^w?r' 


39S 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ALDEN   r.  JAQUES,  one  of  the  successful  business 
men  of  Haverhill,  is  a  nati\e  of  Bowdoin,  Me., 
where  he  was  born,  March  4,  1835.     He  is  the  eldest 
son  of  Stafford  and  Harriet  Jaques.     In  1858  he  mar- 
ried Harriet,  daughter  of  John  Carr,  of   Bowdoin.     She 
died  in  1865.     Mr.  Jaques  married,  in  1871,  Miss  Marci 
L.,   daughter  of   Leonard   R.  .-Xvery,  of  New  Hampton, 
N.    H.      They    have    had   one  son,  Walter    H.   Jaques. 
Mr.  Jaques  lived  in  Bowdoin  and  Richmond,  Me.,  until 
1859,  when  he  took 
up   his  residence    in 
Haverhill,   and  soon 
after  formed  a  part- 
nership   with    his 
brother-in-law,   Ran- 
dall A.  Potter,  in  the 
shoe    business,    the 
name  of  the  firm  be- 
ing Potter  &  Jaques. 
In  1870  Mr.  Jaques, 
i  n    company    with 
John    B.    Nichols, 
purchased    a    build- 
ing   on    Washington 
Street,  and  in  it  in- 
augurated an   enter- 
prise that   has  done 
more  than  any  other 
to    revolutionize   the 
shoe    i  nd  u  st  ry     i  n 
Haverhill,    namely 
t  h  e     application    of 
steam    power    for 
making  shoes.     This 
movement     was    re- 
garded   at     first    as 
im]3racticable,      but 
it    was    soon    gener- 
ally   adopted.      Mr. 
Jaques  was  also  the 

first  to  succeed  in  making  shoes  in  what  is  known  as  a 
string  sho|).  In  this  he  has  been  followed  by  others, 
until  now  nearly  every  manufacturer  has  adopted  this 
method.  Mr.  Jaques  continued  in  the  shoe  business 
until  the  great  conflagration  in  February,  1882,  when 
his  factory  and  other  buildings  were  totally  destroyed. 
He  afterwards  had  more  substantial  buildings  erected, 
but  retired  at  this  time  from  the  shoe  business,  and 
became    engaged   in    real  estate   and  other  enterprises, 


ALDEN    P.   JAQUES 


with  now  and  then  a  \acation  for  travel  in  all  parts  of 
his  own  country,  and  a  trij)  abroad.  His  unquestioned 
integrity  has  been  a  large  factor  in  his  successful  busi- 
ness career,  as  he  never  experienced  any  difficulty  in 
obtaining  large  loans  of  money  from  banking  institu- 
tions and  private  citizens.  In  addition  to  his  large 
business  interests  Mr.  Jaques  has  always  found  time  to 
de\ote  to  the  welfare  of  the  city  and  State  where  he 
resides.     His  fellow-citizens,  recognizing  his  talents  and 

ability,  have  honored 
hnn  by  ])lacing  him 
in  positions  of  trust 
a  n  d  responsibility. 
Mr.  Jaques  has 
served  two  terms  as 
a  member  of  the 
Haverhill  School 
Board.  He  is  a 
Republican  in  poli- 
tics, a  loyal  supporter 
of  his  party,  and  has 
done  much  personal 
work,  besides  con- 
tributing liberally  to 
campaign  funds.  In 
1885  and  1886  he 
was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  .Aldermen, 
and  served  on  its 
important  commit- 
tees. In  1887  anil 
1 888  Mr.  Jaques  rep- 
resented his  district 
in  the  lower  branch 
of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature,  and  in 
1882  was  elected  to 
the  Senate,  where  he 
was  honored  with  a 
membership  of  the 
loint  Special  Committee  on  County  Affairs  and  Criminal 
Costs.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the  State  House  Com- 
mittee, chairman  of  the  Woman  Suffrage  Committee, 
and  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Libraiies.  Mr. 
laques  is  a  member  of  Haverhill  Commandery,  Knights 
Templar;  Saggahen  Lodge,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  , 
Mutual  Relief  Lodge,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fel- 
lows, and  of  the  North  Church  Society,  and  is  active  in 
all  these  organizations. 


t: 


HOl.YOKE,  like  Venice,  is  famous  for  her  canals,  or  perhaps  more  properly  for  the  many  and  immense  con- 
cerns which  have  had  their  birth  on  account  of  them,  and  which  have  given  to  the  city  a  world-wide 
reputation,  and  have  raised  her  from  an  insignificant  and  almost  unknown  town,  to  the  position  of  eighth  city  in 
the  State,  within  a  generation.  Her  growth  has  been  phenomenal,  similar  in  some  respects  to  that  of  some  West- 
ern cities,  but  vastly  more  stable.  The  city  is  yet  young,  still  lacking  three  years  of  her  majority,  but  she  is  alive 
to  every  issue  and  fully  able  to  meet  all  of  the  requirements  made  upon  her.  In  fact  there  are  few  cities  more 
])rogressive  than  Holyoke,  as  her  rapidlv  increasing  population  and  valuation  attest,  and  few  Bay  State  municipali- 
ties have  a  brighter  future. 

Holyoke's  history  is  a  brief  one.  In  the  early  years  of  the  present  century  no  such  place  appeared  upon 
the  map,  although  her  progenitor,  Ireland,  a  little  colony  of  less  than  twenty  families,  was  designated  as  early  as 
1745.  The  people  were  agriculturalists,  and  not  even  their  most  Utopian  dreams  pictured  the  handsome  city  of 
to-day.  In  1825  the  place  was  sparselv  settled,  and  only  two  small  mills  were  in  operation;  neither  one  repre- 
senting the  big  industry  of  the  ])resent,  which  has  given  Holyoke  her  sobriquet  of  the  "  Paper  City."  Holyoke 
owes  her  existence  to  her  water  power,  but  it  was  not  until  1831  that  any  attempt  was  made  to  utilize  it.  At  that 
time  the  Hadley  Falls  Company  built  a  wing  dam,  obli(|nely,  into  the  ri\er,  to  olrtain  power  to  run  a  cotton  mill 
of  four  thousand  spindles.  This  mill,  with  another  small  one,  was  the  only  manufacturing  establishment  there  as 
late  as  1847.  It  was  in  this  year  that  the  Holyoke  of  to-day  really  had  its  birth,  for  it  was  at  this  time  that  the 
water  was  measured  and  found  to  re|)resent  thirty  thousand  horse-power.  Had  a  gold  mine  opened  before  the 
gaugers  they  could  not  have  been  more  surprised  or  delighted,  and  the  negotiations  of  se\eral  capitalists  for  a 
certain  tract  of  land  were  (|iiickly  concluded. 

In  the  following  year  a  new  company  conceived  the  ])lan  of  damming  the  ri\er,  and  at  once  purchased 
ele\  en  hundred  acres  of  territory  ;  the  work  was  begun  and  the  great  structure  stood  completed  the  morning  of 
No\-.  19,  1848.  The  water  was  turned  in,  hut  the  dam  was  not  strong  enough  to  resist  the  strain,  and  at  two  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  it  ga\e  way,  and  the  waters  swept  on  to  the  sea  untrammelled.  Nothing  daunted,  the  promoters 
of  the  scheme  again  set  to  work,  and  a  second  and  more  lasting  structure  was  completed  in  ( )ctober,  1849,  which 
was  further  strengthene<l  some  years  later  by  the  construction  of  a  massive  apron  in  front  of  it.  The  water  is  con- 
ducted through  the  city  by  three  great  canals,  all  being  on  different  le\els  ;  the  main  water-course  utilizing  the 
second  le\el  canal  as  a  race-way.     All  are  well  lined  with  mills. 

Paper  making  is  the  great  industrv  of  the  city,  and  represents  an  invested  capital  of  about  fise  miliioii 
dollars,  while  the  daily  o\itput  rejjresents  one-twentieth  \iart  of  the  entire  manufacture  of  the  country^  Other 
manufactures  of  importance  are  i)umping  machinery,  wire  goods  and  silk  and  woollen  textiles,  bringing  the  total 
capitalization  in  the  citv  up  to  about  twche  million  dollars,  while  hundreds  of  cars  of  freight  are  monthly  shi[)i)ed 
to  and  from  the  busy  place. 

Holyoke  was  set  off  as  a  town  March  14,  1850,  and  the  bill  to  establish  her  as  a  city  was  signed  by  Gover- 
nor Washburn  twenty-three  years  later.  The  city's  valuation  has  increased  very  rapidly,  and  so  have  her  improve- 
ments, until  to-day  she  stands  well  up  with  her  sister  municipalities  in  the  onward  march.  She  spends  money 
freely  but  not  extravagantly  in  permanent  improvements,  such  as  asphalt  and  granite  block  paving,  and  besides, 
supports  excellent  police  and  fire  departments,  and  fine  schools.  The  city  has  many  elegant  churches,  business 
blocks  and  residences,  and  a  system  of  electric  street  cars  that  is  first  class,  while  every  portion  of  the  town  is  well 
lighted  by  electricity  or  gas.  The  city  also  has  one  of  the  finest  city  halls  in  the  State,  and  the  veteran  is  remem- 
bered by  a  handsome  monument.  Among  the  important  institutions  are  the  Board  of  Trade  and  the  public 
library,  with  fifteen  thousand  volumes,  that  have  materially  aided  the  growth  of  this  young,  but  in  niany  ways 
remarkable,  city  of  inland  Massachusetts. 


400 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JEREMIAH  FRANCIS  SULLIVAN,  mayor  of  HoL 
yoke,  of  whom  a  short  life  sketch  is  herewith  given, 
cLiims  the  United  States  as  a  home  by  adoption.     His 
residence  here  has  extended  over  a  period  nearly  cov- 
ering his  entire  life.     Mayor  Sullivan  was  born  in  Dur- 
sey    Island,   County    of   Cork,  Ireland,  Feb.   14,   1840, 
his  parents  being  Mortimer  and  Mary   (Sullivan)  Sulli- 
van.    For  two  or  three  years  young  Sullivan  attended 
school  in  the  Emerald  Isle,  but  in  1S49,  when  only  nine 
years  old,  he  came  to 
this  country  and  has 
since  been   loyal   to 
the  stars  and  stripes. 
During  his  long  resi- 
dence in  this  country, 
with    the    exception 
of   a    few   months 
spent  at  Providence, 
R.  I.,  he  has  lived  in 
Holyoke,    the    c  i  t  y 
which    iias     often 
honored  him,  and  to 
which  he  has  brought 
honor.     LTpon  arriv- 
ing   in    Holyoke    he 
went   to    school  and 
passed  his  time  with 
his   books    until    h  e 
was    thirteen  years 
old,   when    he   was 
compelled  to  give  up 
his  schooling  and  go 
to  work.     He  worked 
in  a  cotton  mill  until 
he   reached  the   age 
of  sixteen,  when   he 
went  into    the   meat 
and    provision   busi- 
ness, in  the  employ 
of    James    F.  Allyn, 

for  whom  he  worked  nine  years,  or  until  "Mr.  Allyn  took 
him  into  partnership.  This  partnership  existed  for  nine- 
teen years,  when  Mr.  Allyn  retired  from  business,  and 
he  has  since  conducted  it  alone,  increasing  it  to  very 
prosperous  proportions.  In  his  political  belief  Mayor 
Sullivan  is  a  true-blue  Democrat,  and  has  been  exalted 
to  several  positions  of  honor  and  power  by  the  party  to 
which  he  belongs.  His  official  life  began  in  1874,  when 
he  was  elected  overseer  of  the  poor,  which  position  he 


JEREMIAH    F.    SULLIVAN 


held  for  two  years.  He  gave  up  the  place  in  1876, 
when  he  was  elected  an  assessor.  To  the  latter  office 
he  was  elected  for  five  consecutive  terms  of  three  years 
each,  being  chairman  of  the  board  for  the  last  eight 
years  of  his  incumbency.  In  the  year  1889  he  resigned 
from  the  board  and  was  elected  mayor,  and  made  such 
a  good  record  for  himself  and  his  party  that  he  was 
unanimously  renominated  the  following  year  and  was 
again  elected.     For  a  third  time  the  Democrats  chose 

him  as  their  standard- 
bearer,  and  he  went 
into  the  office    with 
an  increased   major- 
ity, although  he  had 
received    an    unusu- 
ally   large    majority 
the  year  before.     He 
has  been  a  conscien- 
tious and  hard  work- 
ing   executive    and 
has  relegated  self- 
interest  to  the  back- 
ground in  his  desire 
to  give  the  city  good 
government.     He 
has  received   the 
indorsement     of 
members    of    both 
parties  in  many  of  his 
official  acts,  and  his 
regime  hasbeen  char- 
acterized by  a  spirit 
of  progress  and  im- 
pro\ement.       Mayor 
Sulli\an's  life  is  not 
wholly  taken  up  with 
the    trials  and  vexa- 
tions  of   his   official 
or   business    cares, 
however,  for  he  finds 
an  opportunity  to  devote  some  time  to  the  amenities  of 
domestic  and  social  life.    He  was  married  in  November, 
1863,  to  Catherine  E.  Dower.    Seven  children  have  been 
born  to  them,  five  of  whom  are  living.     Mayor  Sullivan 
is  an  excellent  example  of  what  a  fine  graft  can  be  made 
on  American  ideas  and  Ainerican  life  by  foreign  stock. 
While  remaining  loyal  to  the  cause  of  his  native  land 
and  sympathizing  with  her  struggles,  he  is  nevertheless 
a  thorough-going  American. 


HOL  YOKE. 


401 


COLONEL  EMBURY  P.  CLARK,  while  closely  in 
touch  with  all  sides  of  Holyoke   life,  cannot  lie 
exclusively  called   a   Holyoke   citizen,  for   his  long  and 
honorable  service  for  this   State,  both   on   the   field   of 
battle  and  in  the  militia,  give  him  a  broader  citizenship 
than    is    afforded   by   the   environment  of   any    city  or 
section.     Colonel    Clark   is  the  son   of    Chandler   and 
Joanna  (Woodward)  Clark,  and  first  saw  the  light  in  the 
town  of  Buckland,  Franklin  County,  Mass.,  March  31, 
1845.     His    early 
education  was  r  e  - 
ceived  in  the  public 
schools  of  the  town, 
but    in    1858   he  re- 
moved with  his  par- 
ents to  Holyoke, 
where   he   has   since 
resided.      He   spent 
some  time  at  school 
a  n  d  wo  r  ki  ng  in  a 
store,    but    in    1862, 
when  only  seventeen, 
he  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany  B,    Forty-sixth 
Regiment,  Massa- 
chusetts  \'olunteers, 
and    s  e  r  \"  e  d  with 
credit  in  North  Caro- 
li  na   and  with  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 
After  his  return  from 
the   war  he   was   for 
several  years  in    the 
drug    business    and 
afterward   paymaster 
for  a  large  manufac- 
turing  concern.     In 
July,  1876,  his  fellow- 
townsmen  ga\e  out- 
ward   recognition  of 

the  service  he  had  rendered  and  the  esteem  in  which 
they  held  him,  by  electing  him  water  registrar,  a  posi- 
tion he  has  since  held.  The  honor  is  all  the  more 
marked,  when  it  is  remembered  that  Holyoke  is  intensely 
Democratic,  while  Colonel  Clark  is  strongly  Republican. 
Colonel  Clark  has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  educa- 
tional matters  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  School 
Board  for  the  last  fifteen  years.  In  harmony  with  his 
educational    interest    is    his    interest    in    music.     He 


EMBURY    P.    CLARK 


has  sung  in  various  church  choirs,  was  one  of  the  origi- 
nators and  president,  for  several  years,  of  the  Holyoke 
Choral  Union,  and,  later,  president  of  the  Connecticut 
Valley  Musical  Association.  In  matters  military  Colonel 
Clark  takes  a  ranking  position.  He  has  been  very 
prominent  in  the  militia  since  the  war.  In  1868  he  was 
sergeant  of  Company  K,  Second  Regiment,  and  was 
elected  captain  a  year  later.  In  187 1  he  was  made 
major,  and   a  little  later,  lieutenant-colonel,  but  upon 

the  reorganization  of 
the  militia,  in   1876, 
was    honorablv    dis- 
charged   with   all 
other   officers    rank- 
ing   above    captain. 
He     re-entered    the 
service  as  captain  of 
Company  D,  Dec.  23, 
1S78,  and  was    pro- 
mote d  to  the  lieu- 
tenant-colonelcy    of 
the  Second  Regiment 
in  1879,  which  posi- 
tion   he     held     until 
Feb.  2,    i88g,  when 
he  was  made  colonel. 
Although   a    strict 
disciplinarian    he    is 
very    popular    »■  i  t  h 
both  the  officers  and 
men  under  him. 
Colonel  Clark  is  also 
a    member     of    the 
Militarv   Service  In- 
s  t  i  t  u  t  i  o  n    of    the 
L'nited     State-s,.     be- 
sides being  a  charter 
member,    a  n  d     for 
eight  years  comman- 
d  e  r  ,    of    Kilpatrick 
Grand  Army  Post  of  Holyoke.     He  was  nominated  in 
1892  for  sheriff  of  Hampden  County  by  the  Republicans. 
He  was  married  in  1866  to  Kliza  .A..,  daughter  of  Perley 
and  Julia  M.  Seaver.     Of  this  union  there  are  four  chil- 
dren :   Kate   E.,  Edward  S.,  Frederick  B.  and  .Alice  M. 
Clark,  and   his   home    life    is   very   pleasant.     Colonel 
Clark  has  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  militia  of  the 
Commonwealth,  and  to  the  causes  of  education  and  of 
music  in  the  community  in  which  he  lives. 


402 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


"^      1^ 


WILLIAM  WHITING  was  born,  May  24,  1S41,  in 
Dudley,  Mass.,  his  parents  being  William  B.  and 
Elizabeth  B.  Whiting,  the  former  a  descendant  of  an  old 
English  family  which   had    settled    in    Lynn,  Mass.,  in 
1636.     He  was  married  in  1862  to  Annie  AL,  daughter 
of  J-uther  i\L  F"airfield,  of  Holyoke,  and  they  have  two 
children,   William    F.   and    Raynor  S.   Whiting.     After 
completing  his  studies  in  the  public  schools,  including 
the  high  school,  he  entered  upon  his  mercantile  career 
by   becoming   book- 
keeper for  the   Hol- 
yoke Paper  Company 
in    1858,    but    r  e  - 
mained    with     that 
concern    for    t  h  r  e  e 
months  only,  resign- 
ing to  purchase   the 
wire    mill,  which  he 
converted     into     a 
paper  manufactory, 
and  which  was  after- 
w  a  r  d    known   as 
Whiting    No.    i.     It 
was   devoted    to  the 
manufacture   of   fine 
writing    paper,    and 
was  so  successful  that 
Mr.    Whiting   p  u  r  - 
chased  a  tract  of  land 
alongside  the  second 
level   canal,  and 
erected  the  magnifi- 
cent   paper   mill, 
called    Whiting   No. 
2.     At  one  time  the 
mills  had  the  largest 
output  of  any  in  the 
country,    and  their 
product  has  a  rank- 
ing  position.      M  r . 

Whiting  has  also  been  prominently  connected  with 
other  mercantile  interests  in  Holyoke,  both  in  real  es- 
tate, banking  and  manufacturing.  In  1877  he  added  to 
the  buildings  of  the  city  the  Holyoke  Opera  House  and 
the  Windsor  Hotel,  two  of  the  finest  structures  in  the 
city,  the  buildings  costing  about  ,^125,000.  He  has  also 
been  closely  identified  with  the  history  of  banking 
in  his  city,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  for  many 
years  the  president  of  the  Holyoke  National  Bank.     He 


was  likewise  at  one  time  connected  with  the  Holyoke 
Savings  Bank,  and  is  now  a  director  of  the  Chapin  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Springfield.  In  a  different  line  of  busi- 
ness is  his  connection  with  the  Connecticut  River  Rail- 
road, of  which  he  is  a  director,  while  he  was  for  years 
the  vice-president  of  the  Holyoke  &  Westfield  Railroad. 
In  everything  that  pertains  to  the  public  weal  he  is  one 
of  the  leaders,  and  is  connected  with  many  local  insti- 
tutions, including  the  public  library,  of  which  he  is  the 

president.     Mr. 
Whiting  was   one  of 
the  organizers  of  the 
Board  of  Trade,  and 
was    its  president 
until  1892,  when   he 
declined  re-election. 
In  politics  Mr.  Whit- 
ing is  a  Republican, 
and    has  had    a    full 
share  of  jjolitical  hon- 
ors.   In  1873  he  was 
elected  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts State  Sen- 
ate, and  in  1877  was 
chosen   mayor   of 
Holyoke,   being    re- 
elected the  following 
year.     Previous    to 
becoming   mayor  he 
was  in  1876  and  1877 
elected    city     treas- 
urer, being  chosen  to 
both    positions    by 
heavy  majorities,  al- 
though  the    city  was 
strongly  Democratic. 
In    the    Centennial 
year  he   was   chosen 
a  delegate  to  the 
Republican  National 
C'onvention  that  numinateil  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  for  the 
presidency.     So  popular  was  he  with  his  party  that  he 
was  elected  to  the  National  House  of  Representatives, 
serving  in  the  Forty-eighth  Congress,  and  was  re-elected 
to    the    Forty-ninth   and    Fiftieth   congresses  from  the 
same  district,  filling  out  in  a  measure  a  very  eventful 
and  successful  public  career.     Mr.  Whiting's  attainments 
are  of  such  a  nature  as  to  ensure  for  him  an  e\er  widen- 
ing field  of  usefulness  in  the  future. 


WILLIAM    WHITING. 


HOL  YOKE. 


403 


WILLIAM    B.    C.    PEARSONS,    who    enjoys   the 
distinction    of   being  tlie    first   mayor   of   the 
city  of  Holyoke,  that  prosperous  and  enterprising  muni- 
cipality in  the  Connecticut  valley,  has  been  a  resident 
of  the  "Paper  City"  for  more  than  forty-three  years,  and 
has  seen  the  place  grow  from  a  \ery  small  town  into  a 
large  and    important  city.     Judge    Pearsons    is  a  Ver- 
monter  by  birth,  the  little  town  of  Fairlee  in  that  State 
being  the  scene  of  his  advent  into  the  world.     The  date 
of    the    event   was 
Dec.    19,   1825,  and 
h  i  s    parents    were 
J  o  h  n    and    Hannah 
(Putnam)    Pearsons, 
the    latter     being    a 
near  relative  of  Gen- 
eral Israel  Putnam  of 
Revolutionary   fame. 
When    he    was    very 
young   his  parents 
removed   to    Brad- 
ford,   in  the    same 
State,  and  it  was  in 
this   town    that    the 
education  of  the  boy 
was  begun.     His  first 
experience    w  a  s    in 
the  common  schools, 
and  later  he  entered 
the  academy  and  be- 
gan preparations  for 
his  future  profession. 
After   leaving   the 
academy  he   entered 
upon   a    course    of 
stud  y    in    the    law 
school     of     Harvard 
University,    and  was 
graduated   with    the 
degree   LL.  B.    in 

1849.  He  immediately  located  in  Holyoke,  and  during 
all  these  forty-three  years  has  practised  his  profession 
in  that  city.  His  legal  business  early  became  a  large 
and  lucrative  one  and  still  continues  so,  although  his 
position  as  police  justice  of  the  city  takes  so  much  of 
his  time  that  he  cannot  devote  himself  to  pleading  as 
extensively  as  in  former  years.  Judge  Pearsons  has 
witnessed  many  important  changes  in  the  city,  and  has 
himself  been  an  important  factor  in  some  of  its  reforms. 


WILLIAM    B.    C.    PEARSONS 


When  Holyoke  was  yet  in  its  teens,  as  a  town,  he  was 
one  of  the  leading  citizens,  and  was  called  upon  to  fill 
many  offices  in  the  town  government.  At  various  times 
he  was  an  assessor  and  member  of  the  School  Com- 
mittee, both  offices  being  held  for  a  number  of  years. 
In  1863  and  1864  he  was  first  selectman  of  the  town, 
but  previously,  in  1859,  he  was  a  representative  to  the 
lower  branch  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature,  and  had 
been  a  senator  from  the  Western  Hampden  district  in 

1862.  In  1S64  Judge 
Pearsons  entered  the 
army  as  paymaster, 
with  the  rank  of 
major,  and  served 
during  that  year  and 
the  one  following. 
'^"->-,  U'hen     Holyoke 

adopted  municipal 
government  in  1873, 
an  eye  was  cast  about 
for  a  suitable  man  for 
the  mayoralty,  and 
Judge  Pearsons  was 
nominated  and  easily 
elected.  His  legal 
training  made  him 
particularly  valuable 
to  the  young  city, 
and  he  spent  a  great 
deal  of  time  and  la- 
bor in  drafting  the 
city's  ordinances, 
while  his  far-sighted 
and  dignified  method 
of  conducting  the 
city's  affairs  was  ad- 
mired by  all.  Con- 
sequently he  was  re- 
elected the  two  years 
following.  His  ad- 
ministrations were  singularly  able  in  every  respect.  He 
has  been  police  court  justice  since  1877.  He  married 
Sarah  E.  Taylor,  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  George 
Taylor,  of  Westfield,  in  February,  1857,  and  has  a  family 
consisting  of  one  son  and  two  daughters,  the  latter 
being  married.  Judge  Pearsons's  eminent  legal  attain- 
ments and  his  honorable  and  highly  successful  career  in 
public  service  and  on  the  bench  place  him  among  the 
truly  representative  men  of  the  Commonwealth. 


404 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ASHLEY  B.  TOWER,  who  has  a  national  reputation 
as  an  architect  and  civil  engineer,  was  born  at 
Windsor,  Mass.,  June  26,  1847.  Mr.  Tower's  parents 
were  Stephen  D.  and  P^sther  L.  (Beals)  Tower,  and  the 
family  was  a  prominent  one  in  that  town  and  descend- 
ants of  the  first  settlers  of  Massachusetts  Colony.  He 
received  a  good  and  liberal  education,  and,  after  serving 
three  years'  apprenticeship  as  a  builder,  he  began  the 
study  of  the  business  that  has  since  become  his  life- 
work  and  which  has 
given  him  an  acquain- 
tance with  manufac- 
turers in  all  parts  of 
the  country.  Mr. 
Tower  was  married 
in  187s  to  Permelia 
J.  Fritts.  Mr.  Tower 
has  had  a  long  and 
successful  career  in 
his  chosen  profession, 
and  to-day  stands  at 
the  head.  He  was 
elected  city  engineer 
of  the  city  of  Holyoke 
in  the  year  1881, 
and  he  successively 
held  the  office  that 
year  and  for  the  two 
succeeding  ones,  in- 
troducing many  re- 
forms into  the  man- 
agement of  the  office. 
In  1878  he  became 
the  junior  partner  of 
the  firm  of  D.  H.  & 
\.  B.  Tower,  civil  en- 
gineers and  archi- 
tects, at  Holyoke, 
and  for  thirteen  years 
retained  these  rela- 
tions. During  that  time  the  firm  built  up  a  very  large 
business  in  the  designing  and  the  superintendence  of 
construction  of  paper  mills.  Nearly  all  of  the  paper 
manufacturing  centres  of  the  country  show  samples  of 
the  work  of  the  firm,  and  a  mill  building  that  bears  the 
stamp  of  the  firm  of  Tower  is  considered  all  that  is 
desired.  On  Jan.  i,  1892,  A.  B.  Tower  purchased  the 
interest  of  the  senior  partner  and  the  good-will  of  the 
firm,  and  has  since  conducted    the    business  alone  at 


Holyoke,  having  large  and  well-arranged  offices  on  Main 
Street.     With  the  change  the  success  of  Mr.  Tower  has 
not  decreased  but,  on  the  contrary,  has  largely  increased. 
As  a  designer  and  builder  of  paper  and  fibre  mills,  and 
as  an  inventor  and  patentee  of  paper  machinery,  he  is 
recognized  as  the  leading  expert  of  the  country.     When 
in  partnershi])  with  his  brother  he  designed  many  of  the 
large  paper  mills  of  Holyoke,  as  well  as  mills  that  were 
erected    in  foreign  countries.     x\mong  his   many  con- 
tracts   some    of    the 
most    important    are 
the     Kimberly     and 
Clark  mills  at  Kim- 
berly, Wis.,  the  Telu- 
lah  mill  at  Appleton, 
Wis.,  the  Glens  Falls 
paper   mill    at    Fort 
Edward,   N.   V.,    the 
Ticonderoga  mill  at 
Ticonderoga,   N.  V., 
the     Denver     paper 
mills  at  Denver,  Col., 
the  Shattuck  and 
Babcock    paper  mill 


ASHLEY    B,   TOWER. 


at  De  Pere,  Wis.,  the 
Linden  paper  mill 
and  the  Riverside  pa- 
per mills  at  Holyoke, 
the  Niagara  Falls 
Paper  C  o  m  p  a  n  y '  s 
mills  at  Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y.,  and  the  im- 
mense paper  and  sul- 
phite fibre  mills  now 
being  erected  at 
Rumford  Falls,  Me. 
He  is  also  a  director 
in  the  Denver  Paper 
Mills  Company,  and 
is  interested  in  a  num- 
ber of  other  manufacturing  plants.  He  enjoys  the  repu- 
tation of  being  one  of  the  best  mill  architects  in  the 
country,  his  mastery  of  all  the  intricate  details  of  paper- 
mill  construction  being  unsurpassed.  His  success  as 
civil  engineer  and  as  inventor  is  well  matched  by  the 
prosperity  that  has  attended  his  numerous  business 
ventures.  Mr.  Tower  is  domestic  in  his  tastes,  and 
after  business  hours  enjoys  his  evenings  at  his  home 
with  his  library  and  many  works  of  art. 


HOL  YOKE. 


405 


WILLIAM  HENRY  BROOKS,  the  son  of  Reuben 
P.  and  Margaret  (Eliot)  Brooks,  is  a  native  of 
Schuyler's  Lake,  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was 
born,  Jan.  5,  1855.     The  birthplace  of  Mr.  Brooks   is 
thirty  miles  south  of  Utica,  being  a  part  of  Richfield 
Springs,  and  was  adopted  as  a  home    by  Mr.  Brooks, 
Sr.,  when  he  retired  from  business  in  New  ^"ork  City. 
William   H.  fitted  for  college  at  Clinton  Liberal  Insti- 
tute at  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  and  entered  Dartmouth  College 
in  1872,  from  which 
he  graduated  during 
Centennial     year. 
He  began  the  study 
of  law  in  the  office 
of  Warren  C.  French, 
at    Woodstock,     \'t. 
After  being  admitted 
to    the    bar     Mr. 
Brooks  formed  a  law 
partnership       w  i  t  h 
Edward    W.  Chapin, 
of  Holyoke,  in  187S, 
and  remained  so  con- 
nected   until     1882, 
when    he     withdrew 
and  commenced  the 
practice  of    his   pro- 
fession    alone.     H  e 
has  practised  in  that 
city   ever    since,    al- 
though owing  to  the 
fact    that  "Sjjringfieid 
is     the    county    seat 
and  the  scene  of  the 
larger   part   of    his 
work,   Mr.  Brooks 
has  recently  opened 
an  office  in  the  latter 
city,  which  he  runs  in 
connection    with 

the  one  at  Holyoke.  Mr.  Brooks's  career  at  the  Hamp- 
den County  bar  has  been  a  most  brilliant  one,  and  he 
stands  to-day  in  the  front  rank  of  his  profession,  in  the 
western  part  of  the  State.  He  is  very  versatile  in  his 
practice  and  can  conduct  a  criminal  case  or  jjlead  in  a 
civil  suit  with  equal  ease.  Although  still  comparatively 
young,  both  in  years  of  life  and  experience,  Mr.  Brooks 
has  been  counsel  in  some  cases  which  have  brought  him 
both  fame  and    money.     Recently  his  work   has  been 


WILLIAM    H.    BROOKS 


more  in  the  civil  line,  but  within  the  past  few  years  he 
has  been  counsel  for  the  defence  in  several  trials  for 
manslaughter  and  in  six  murder  cases.  He  is  a  fine 
jury  lawyer,  and  the  announcement  that  he  is  to  deliver 
an  argument  to  the  chosen  twelve  is  sure  to  attract 
many  listeners.  He  never  goes  into  a  case  unless  fully 
prepared,  and  both  in  cross  examining  and  in  delivering 
an  argument  conducts  himself  in  a  manner  that  carries 
conviction.     Inheritance  and  personal  study  of  political 

principles    have    es- 
tablished       Mr. 
Brooks's     Republi- 
canism   beyond    the 
shadow   of  a   doubt, 
and    he    has    done 
some   very    effective 
campaign     work     in 
his  congressional  dis- 
trict.    He  does   not 
seek  for   office,  how- 
ex  er,  and  in  the  year 
1892,    declined 
a    nomination    to 
Congress,  in  his  dis- 
trict.    He  was  nom- 
inated   for   the    dis- 
trict   attorneyship  in 
iSSg,   but  lost    it  by 
only     a     very    small 
number      of      votes. 
He   was   city   solici- 
tor   of    Holyoke    in 
1881,  1882  and  1883 
and    was    nominated 
for  mayor  the  follow- 
ing  year,   being   de- 
feated    by    a    small 
majority    in    that 
Democratic     strong- 
hold.    Mr.  Brooks 
has   been    twice    married.     His    first    wife   was    Mary, 
daughter  of  Warren  C.  French,  of  \\'oodstock,  Yt.,  who 
died  in  1881.     In  1884  he  married  Jennie,  daughter  of 
the   late  Edwin  Chase.     He  has  three  children  by   the 
first  union   and   two  by  the  latter.     The  qualities  that 
have    assured  Mr.  Brooks's  success  at  the  bar  are   his 
industry,  his  earnestness,  his  eloquence  and  his  capacity 
to  throw  himself,  heart  and  soul,  into  a  case  and  make 
his  client's  interests  his  own. 


4o6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


DR.  C'iEORGP:  HERBERT  SMITH,  who  is  one  of 
the   leading  physicians  of  the  city  of  Holyoke 
and  has  been  for  the  past  quarter  of  a  century,  was  born 
at  Chicopee,  Mass.,  July  4,  1840.     He  was  the  son  of 
Edmund  H.  and  Lucy  B.  Smith.     The  elementary  edu- 
cation of  Dr.  Smith  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  town,  both  in  the  grammar  and  high  schools 
and  later  in  Wesleyan  Academy,  at  \Vilbraham,  Mass., 
from  which  he  graduated  in  June,  1861.    He  commenced 
the   study   of   medi- 
cine during  the  same 
year.     The  breaking 
out  of  the  war  fired 
the   youth    with    en- 
thusiasm, and  on 
Sept.     I,     1862,    he 
enlisted  in  Company 
C,  Twenty-fifth  Reg- 
iment,    Connecticut 
\'  o  1  u  n  t  e  e  r  s  .     In 
March  of  the  follow- 
i  n  g  y  e  a  r  h  e    was 
assigned  to  duty  on 
the   surgical  staff   of 
the  regi  me  n  t,  re- 
maining with  it  until 
it  was  mustered  out 
of   service.      After 
the  close  of  the  war, 
Dr.    Smith    resumed 
his    medical    studies 
and    was    graduated 
from    Bellevue   Hos- 
pital    Medical    Col- 
lege,  at    New  York, 
in  March,  1865. 
The    young     doctor 
immediately  located 
at  Simsbury,    Conn., 
and  began  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  and  surgery.    He  removed  to  Sycamore, 
111.,  the  following  year  and   practised  there  for  awhile. 
In   November,    1868,  he  returned    Hast   and   settled  at 
Holyoke,  where  he  has  since  been  engaged  in  a  large 
and  lucrative    practice.     He  is  considered  one  of  the 
best  physicians   in  the  city,  and   his   opinion   is  often 
sought.     While  the  duties  of  the  medical  profession  are 
very  exacting,  especially  where  a   doctor  has  a    large 
practice,  Dr.  Smith  has  found  time  to  devote  himself 


GEORGE    H.    SMITH 


quite  extensively  to  municipal  affairs  and  to  several  lines 
of  business  in  which  he  is  interested.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican, and  has  often  been  an  office  holder  in  the  city  of 
his  adoption.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Common 
Council  in  the  years  1875  and  1876,  being  president  of 
the  board  during  his  last  year  as  a  member.  During  the 
next  two  years  he  represented  his  ward  in  the  upper 
branch  of  the  City  Council  and  was  an  important  member 
of  that  body-     He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  School 

Committee  for  twelve 
years,   and    has  also 
been    a    member   of 
the    Board    of    Park 
Commissioners  and 
chairman  of    the 
Board  of  Health. 
He    has    also    been 
chairman   of   the 
Board    of    Commis- 
sioners  of  the  Sink- 
ing Fund  for  the  city 
debt.     Dr.  Smith    is 
also   interested    i  n 
several  mercantile 
enterprises,    being 
owner  of  a  third  in- 
terest in  the   Excel- 
sior Paper  Company 
of    Holyoke,  and    is 
likewise  a  trustee 
and   auditor   of    the 
Mechanics'     Savings 
Bank    of    that    city. 
He    was    a    director 
and    auditor   of    the 
Holyoke    &     West- 
field   Railroad  in 
I  87  8.       Dr.    Smith 
is    married,  his  wife 
being     Ada     M., 
daughter  of   the  late  Dr.  C.  W.  Babcock,  of   Medina, 
Ohio,  to   whom    he  was   united,  June    8,   1869.     As  a 
result  of  this  union  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Smith  have  two  chil- 
dren, .^bbie  May  Smith  and  Lucy  C.  Smith,  to  brighten 
their  home.      In  business   political,  and  social  circles 
Dr.  Smith  enjoys  great  popularity,  and  he  combines  pro- 
fessional ability  and  skill  with  a  genius  for  business  and 
public  affairs  in  an  exceptional  degree.     In  both  spheres 
he  has  been  equally  successful. 


not  YOKE. 


407 


OXE  of  the  representative  citizens  of  Holyoke,  and 
especially  of  the  French  portion  of  that  city,  is 
Pierre  Bonvouloir,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Mr. 
Bonvouloir  was  born  in  Sainte  Brigide,  county  of  Iber- 
ville, P.  Q.,  March  9,  1854,  his  parents  being  Pierre  and 
Mary  Louise  (Benoit)  Bonvouloir.  He  attended  school 
until  he  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he  went  to  work 
on  his  father's  farm  and  later  in  stores  in  St.  Cesaire 
and  Farnham,  P.  Q.  ,  He  emigrated  to  the  States  and 
settled  in  Holyoke, 
Dec.  12,  1S71, 
where  he  worked  in 
a  couple  of  grocery 
stores  until  August, 
1875,  when  in  com- 
p  a  ny  w  i  t  h  J.  A. 
Proulx  he  entered 
business  for  himself. 
The  following  year 
he  bought  out  his 
partner  and  has 
since  conducted  the 
very  profitable  and 
growing  business 
alone.  The  advan- 
tages of  this  country 
early  impressed 
themselves  upon  Mr. 
Bonvouloir,  a  nd  h  e 
became  a  citizen  in 
November  of  Cen- 
tennial year.  He 
soon  became  promi- 
nent in  the  political 
affairs  of  the  city  and 
became  a  leader  in 
the  Democratic 
party.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  to  a  seat 
in    the    Common 

Council  from  Ward  Four,  while  during  the  years  1887 
to  1892,  inclusive,  he  served  as  school  committeeman- 
at-large,  in  which  position  he  gave  excellent  satisfaction. 
He  was  also  elected  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State 
Central  Committee,  this  year.  But  Mr.  Bonvouloir's 
interest  in  city  affairs  is  not  confined  to  the  field  of 
politics.  It  has  a  much  broader  scope.  He  is  well 
known  and  highly  respected  in  business  circles  and  is 
interested  in  many  important  organizations.     He  is  an 


PIERRE    BONVOULOIR 


active  member  and  director,  since  its  organization,  of 
the  Holyoke  Board  of  Trade,  and  is  always  on  the  alert 
for  the  advancement  of  the  city's  interest,  either  in  the 
introduction  of  new  industries,  or  in  the  development  of 
old  ones.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Holyoke  Co- 
operative Bank,  and  in  July,  1889,  he  organized  the  City 
Co-operative  Bank  and  has  been  its  secretary  and 
treasurer  since  that  time.  Mr.  Bonvouloir  is  married 
and  has  a  pleasant  family.     His  first  marriage  was   to 

Miss  L  u  c  i  n  d  a, 
daughter  of  Joseph 
Dufresne,  which  took 
place  at  Three 
Rivers,  P.  Q.,  Feb. 
2,  1883.  Mrs.  Bon- 
vouloir died,  and  in 
May,  1 89 1,  he  mar- 
ried Annie  Dufresne, 
a  sister  of  his  first 
wife.  By  his  first 
marriage  Mr.  B  o  n- 
vouloir  had  four  chil- 
dren,Cosette,Liliane, 
Annette  and  Lionel. 
Mr.  Bonvouloir  is 
very  popular  socially 
and  is  a  leader  among 
his  countrymen,  while 
he  counts  his  friends 
among  all  nationali- 
ties. He  has  in 
terested  himself  in 
the  formation  of 
many  French  socie- 
ties and  has  held 
some  office  or  other 
in  nearly  all  ot  them. 
Holyoke  has  a  very 
large  French  popu- 
lation, and  Mr.  Bon- 
vouloir's jjrominence  in  political  and  business  life  make 
him  a  much  sought  after  man,  by  members  of  the  French 
population.  To  many  he  has  given  friendly  aid  or 
advice,  and  many  have  taken  advantage  of  this  interest 
in  the  welfare  of  his  fellow-man,  to  seek  his  help  for 
various  objects.  Mr.  Bonvouloir  is  accordingly  regarded 
as  the  leading  citizen  of  Canadian  birth  in  Western  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  he  has  exerted  a  widespread  influence  in 
the  Americanizing  of  his  compatriots. 


4o8 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   7^0-DAY. 


EDWIN  L.  MUNN,  president  of  the  Park  National 
Bank  of  Holyoke,  and  one  of  the  youngest  bank 
presidents  in   that  section    of   the    State,   was  born   at 
Greenfield,    Mass.,    March   4,    1854.       His    father   was 
Colonel  Charles  H.  Miinn,  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of 
that  town,  and  a  descendant  of  a  family  that  had  been 
residents  of  the  place  for  many  years.     His  mother  was 
Mary   S.    Stockwell,   of    Hadley.     Both  of  Mr.  Munn's 
parents  have  died  within  the  past  two  years.     Edwin  L. 
Munn  is  unmarried, 
and    lives   with    his 
brothers   and    sister, 
having  a  very  pleas- 
ant     home.      Mr. 
Munn's  school -days 
were  comparatively 
few,   a  n  d    h  e    m  a  y 
properly  be  called  a 
self-educated   man. 
When   a   boy  he  at- 
tended the  public 
schools  inCreenfield, 
and    later   spent   a 
year  or  more  in  Mt. 
Pleasant  Institute,  at 
Amherst,    Mass. 
While  yet  a  boy  he 
began  a  business  ca- 
reer   that    has    been 
very  successful,  and 
singularly    enough 
one  that  has  followed 
the    same    lines 
through  all  of   these 
years.    His  first  work 
was  as  a  boy  in  the 
Franklin      County 
National    Bank   of 
Greenfield,  in  which 
institution    he    was 

steadily  advanced  in  position,  being  successively  book- 
keeper and  teller.  This  latter  position  he  held,  when, 
in  1876,  he  left  the  bank  to  go  to  Conway,  Mass.,  as  the 
cashier  of  the  Conway  National  Bank.  He  remained 
there  until  he  went  to  Holyoke,  and  with  a  number  of 
prominent  capitalists  organized  the  Citv  National  Bank 
and  became  its  cashier.  He  served  in  this  cajiacity  for 
five  years,  or  until  1884,  when  he  organized  the  Home 
National  Bank  and  went  into  its  service  as  cashier.     In 


EDWIN    L.    MUNN 


March,  1892,  he  again  became  interested  in  the  organ- 
ization of  a  new  bank,  the  third  in  one  city,  and  the 
result  is  the  Park  National  Bank,  of  which  he  is  the 
piesident.  The  bank  started  with  a  capital  of  one  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars  and  a  paid-in  surplus  of  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  so  successful  has  it  been  that  its  stock 
is  quoted  many  points  above  par.  The  bank  paid  a 
dividend  of  six  per  cent  during  the  first  six  months  of  its 
existence.     It  is  finely  located  on  High  Street,  near  the 

City   Hall,    and    has 
handsome     quarters. 
The    safe   and   vault 
are  the  finest  in  the 
city,  and  are  consid- 
ered   absolutely   fire 
and    burglar    proof. 
The  other  officers  of 
the   corporation   are 
William  F.  Whiting, 
vice  -president,  and 
G  eorge  W.  Parker, 
cashier.    Mr.  Munn's 
political    convictions 
have  a  Democratic 
tinge,   and   while   he 
is  now  too  fully  occu- 
pied with  his  banking 
business    t  o   devote 
much    time    to   poli- 
tics,   he   has   in    the 
past   been   quite 
pro  m  ine  nt   in  this 
field.     He  was  treas- 
urer  of   the    city   of 
Holyoke  in  1884, 
1886,    1887    and 
1888,    and    was    the 
Democratic  nominee 
for  the  State  treasur- 
ership  in    i88g    and 
1890.     He  is  also  a   member   of  a  number  of  promi- 
nent clubs,  including   the   Bay  State,  of  Holyoke,  the 
Winthrop,  of    Springfield,  and  the  Manhattan  Athletic 
Club,  of  New  York,  a  chajner  Mason,  and  a  Knight  of 
Pythias.     Mr.  Munn's  unliroken  record  of  financial  suc- 
cess, his  long  experience  in  the  banking  business,  and 
his   former  prominence   in  political   life  constittite   him 
one  of  the  representative   men  of  the  State.     Socially, 
Mr.  Munn  is  popular  in  Holyoke  and  Springfield. 


l^^^^-i* 


FITCHBURG  is  the  thirteenth  city  in  the  State  in  point  of  size,  and  its  population  is  twenty-seven  thousand. 
It  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Worcester  County,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
fifty  miles  west  from  Boston,  and  is  one  of  the  most  active,  enterprising  and  prosperous  cities  in  the  Common- 
wealth. It  is  built  in  a  \aUey  through  which  courses  the  Nashua  River,  a  stream^  that  for  one  hundred  years  has 
furnished  power  for  various  manufactories,  and  has  been  a  leading  factor  in  the  growth  of  this  now  important 
city.  Originally  situated  only  on  the  river  banks,  the  city  has  of  late  years  extended  in  every  direction,  so  that 
to-day  the  hills  closing  in  the  valley  are  covered  with  handsome  mansions  and  comfortable  cottages.  In  its  early 
days  Fitchburg  was  the  scene  of  many  little  conflicts  with  the  aborigines,  but  very  few  tragic  events  are  happily 
recorded.  The  first  white  settlers  permanently  located  there  in  1748,  and  in  1764,  with  a  population  of  only  259 
souls,  it  was  set  off  from  the  mother  town  of  Lunenburg  as  a  separate  town.  From  this  time  to  1835  the  history 
of  the  town  is  like  that  of  numerous  others,  a  slow,  steady  gain  :  Init  it  was  not  till  1S70  that  the  place  began  to 
attract  notice.  In  1800  the  population  was  about  1,400;  in  1S30,  about  2,200;  in  1S50,  about  5,000;  in  1870, 
about  11,000;  in  1885  it  exceeded  15,000,  and  in  1890  it  exceeded  22,000.  From  1SS5,  during  a  period  of  five 
years,  the  gain  exceeded  forty-three  per  cent,  surpassing  any  city  in  the  State,  and  during  the  past  two  years  it  has 
reached  nearly  30,000.  This  rapid  and  almost  unprecedented  growth  for  a  New  England  city  has  been  due  to  the 
activity  of  the  Board  of  Trade  in  securing  new  industries,  the  enterprise  and  business  foresight  of  its  leading 
citizens,  and  the  city's  natural  advantages,  more  than  to  any  artificial  boom. 

The  industries  of  the  city  are  both  numerous  and  varied,  comprising  the  manufacture  of  steam  engines, 
machinery  and  tools,  woollen  goods,  worsted  goods,  extensive  gingham  factories,  ranking  among  the  first  in  the 
country  and  the  world  ;  large  paper  mills  of  national  reputation,  saw  manufactory,  rolling- machine  mill,  the  only 
one  of  its  kind  ;  paper-mill  machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  bicycles,  large  car  shops,  and  many  smaller  but  equally 
important  manufactories.  The  products  of  its  factories  and  shops  are  exported  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  have 
the  reputation  of  holding  their  own  in  competition  with  home  or  foreign  goods.  Four  national  banks  furnish  a 
vast  amount  of  capital  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  all  enterprises. 

Besides  being  on  the  main  line  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  now  a  trunk  line,  the  city  is  the  terminus  for  the 
northern  division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  and  the  Cheshire  division  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  About  seventy 
passenger  trains  arrive  and  depart  daily  from  the  large,  commodious  and  handsome  union  depot.  The  railroad 
facilities  are  exceptionally  favorable  both  for  passenger  and  freight  traffic,  and  the  two  roads  furnish  an  easy  and 
rapid  communication  with  the  seaboard,  and  with  northern,  southern  or  western  connections  at  exceptionally 
favorable  rates. 

The  present  valuation  of  the  city  is  estimated  as  follows  :  Real  estate,  §12,97  r,i  5-5  ;  personal  estate,^4,093,- 
630;  gain  since  1891,  real  estate,  5528,174 ;  personal  estate,  $276,254  ;  total,  $804,428.  The  prospects  of  future 
growth  and  importance  were  never  brighter  than  now.  The  sales  of  real  estate  continue  to  increase  at  a  surprising 
rate,  building  operations  and  extensive  impro\ements  being  noticeable  on  every  side.  Visitors  from  Western 
States  speak  enthusiastically  of  the  energy  displayed,  contrasting  the  city  most  favorably  with  the  Western  idea  of 
enterprise,  growth  and  prosperity.  The  city  possesses  all  the  modern  advantages  of  electric  lights,  gas,  an  excel- 
lent system  of  water  works  unsurpassed  in  the  State,  paved  streets  and  sidewalks,  telegraph  and  telephone  service, 
local  and  long  distance,  electric  and  horse  street  cars,  building  societies,  churches  of  all  religious  denominations, 
first-class  public  schools  with  grammar  and  high  schools,  secret  and  benevolent  societies  of  all  orders,  and  numer- 
ous private  and  public  institutions  for  charitable,  social,  educational  and  benevolent  purposes.  The  city  also 
possesses  many  public  buildings  of  imposing  appearance,  chief  among  which  is  the  Wallace  Library  and  Art 
Building,  the  gift  of  one  of  the  city's  most  generons  and  most  esteemed  citizens,  Hon.  Rodney  Wallace.  In  all 
matters,  industrial,  social,  moral,  religious  or  educational,  Fitchburg  invites  comparison  with  her  sister  cities, 
having  a  peaceful,  industrious  and  prosperous  population. 


4IO 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  present  mayor  of  Fitchburg  is  Hon.  Samuel  L. 
Graves,  a  lawyer  of  considerable  reputation  and 
a  native  of  the  pretty  town  of  Groton,  Mass.  He  is  the 
son  of  John  J.  and  Lucy  Graves,  and  was  born  July  18, 
[847.  .'\fter  graduating  from  the  schools  of  his  native 
town  he  entered  .\mherst  College,  and  graduated  from 
that  institution  with  honors  in  the  class  of  1870.  His 
inclination  led  him  in  the  direction  of  the  law,  and  he 
entered  the  office  of  Wood  &  Torrey,  of  Fitchburg,  then 
a  leading  legal  firm 
in  Worcester  County. 
After  the  completion 
of  his  legal  studies 
he  was  admitted  to 
practice  in  1873. 
Mr.  Graves  at  once 
opened  an  office  of 
his  own  in  Fitchburg, 
and  almost  immedi- 
ately laid  the  foun- 
dation for  what  has 
grown  to  be  an  ex- 
tensive and  remuner- 
ative practice.  He  is 
looked  upon  as  one 
of  the  leading  prac- 
titioners in  Central 
Massachusetts.  Mr. 
Graves  vv  a  s  m  a  n  y 
times  urged  to  accept 
public  office,  but  it 
was  twenty  years  be- 
fore he  could  be  per- 
suaded to  accept  any 
position  but  that  of 
school  committee- 
man. He  faithfully 
served  in  that  capa- 
city for  eight  years. 
In  the  exciting  mu- 

nicii)a!  contest  of  1890  the  temperance  party  urged  him 
to  become  their  standard-bearer,  and  after  some  per- 
suasion he  consented.  His  opponent  on  the  citizens' 
ticket  was  Hon.  Charles  1..  Hayden,  then  in  office,  but 
Mr.  Graves  was  elected  by  a  big  plurality,  there  being 
a  third  candidate.  The  following  year  he  was  again  ])ut 
forward  by  the  same  party  and  was  elected  by  a  larger 
vote  than  the  previous  year,  his  opponent,  too,  being 
a  well-known  and  highly-esteemed  citizen  who  had  seen 


SAMUEL    L.   GRAVES, 


many  years  of  public  life.  In  politics  Mayor  Graves 
affiliates  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  has  frequently 
been  mentiorted  for  important  official  positions  by  his 
party.  He  has  not,  however,  been  an  office  seeker  in 
any  sense  of  the  term.  Mr.  Graves  is  universally  con- 
sidered a  man  of  much  courage  and  frankness,  and  his 
expressions  of  opinion  are  always  of  a  fearless  and 
aggressive  nature,  but  at  all  times  courteous  and  respect- 
ful. Although  he  is  a  man  of  firm  and  decided  convic- 
tions, a  due  regard 
for  the  opinions  of 
others  has  been  one 
of  his  distinguishing 
characteristics  ;  and 
among  all  ranks  of 
society,  and  with  men 
of  all  shades  of  po- 
litical belief,  he  is  a 
decidedly  popular 
man.  As  in  the  case 
of  all  men  occupying 
prominent     and    re- 

j  1  sponsible     positions, 

m^  I  Mr.  Graves  has  been 

igMSr^  t  the  subject  of  more 

■  or  less  criticism,  but 

his  administration  of 
city  affairs  has  been 
considered  by  all  par- 
ties one  of  the  most 
able  the  city  has  yet 
seen.  During  the  two 
vears  he  has  held 
office  many  public 
improvements  have 
been  made,  and  the 
reiJutation  of  the  city 
as  a  business  centre 
has  been  more  than 
maintained.  As  a 
speaker,  Mr.  Graves  is  well  known,  and  is  in  demand  at 
gatherings  of  every  kind.  Mr.  Graves  has  ne^■er  become 
closely  identified  with  social  or  secret  organizations,  pre- 
ferring his  home  circle  to  those  gatherings  when  freed 
from  the  cares  of  business  and  official  life.  In  his  capa- 
city as  member  of  the  School  Board  of  Fitchburg  he  was 
enabled  to  accomplish  much  for  the  cause  of  education 
in  the  city,  and  in  the  higher  position  to  which  he  was 
called  he  rendered  greater  services  to  the  municipality. 


FITCHBURG. 


411 


INSEPARABLY  connected  with  the  growtli  ami  pros- 
perity of  Fitchburg,  both  during  the  past  twenty- 
five  years  and  for  many  years  to  come,  is  Hon.  Rodney 
Wallace,  who  is  widely  known  throughout  the  State  and 
the  country.     Mr.  Wallace  was  born  in  New  Ipswich, 
N.  H.,  sixty-nine  years  ago.     His  early  days  were  spent 
in  his  native  State,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years  he 
commenced  life  on  his  own  account.     Faithful   to  every 
trust  while  filling  the  minor  offices  of  life,  he  laid  the 
foundation  for  a  pros- 
])erous  and   honor- 
able    business    life, 
and    in    early    years 
his       employers 
learned  to  place  im- 
plicit    trust    in    him. 
When  thirty  years  of 
age  Mr.  Wallace  set- 
tled   in  Fitchburg 
and    engaged   in  the 
wholesale  stationery, 
paper   and  cotton 
waste     business,     in 
connection  with  the 
late  Stephen  Shepley. 
In  1865  the  partner- 
ship   was    dissolved, 
and  with  three  asso- 
ciates he  formed  the 
Fitch  b  u  r  g    Pajjer 
Company,  becoming 
sole     proprietor      in 
1869.     In    addition 
to   his  own  business 
undertakings       M  r . 
Wallace     has      been 
closely    identified 
with    a    number    of 
business  projects, 
helping    in     many 

ways  to  further  the  interest  of  corporations,  individuals 
and  the  public  generally,  and  in  no  small  measure  is 
due  to  him  a  large  share  of  the  present  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  city.  hx.  the  present  time  Mr.  Wal- 
lace is  president  of  the  Fitchburg  Gas  Company,  a 
director  of  the  Putnam  Machine  Company,  a  director 
of  the  Fitchburg  National  Bank,  a  director  of  the 
Fitchburg  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Company,  a  trustee  of 
the  Fitchburg  Savings  Bank,  a  director  of  the  Fitchburg 


RODNEY    WALLACE 


Railroad,  a  director  of  the  Parkhill  Manufacturing 
Company,  and  is  also  interested  in  many  other  enter- 
prises of  value  to  the  city.  No  man  in  the  city  is  more 
esteemed,  honored  or  respected  than  Mr.  Wallace,  he 
being  considered  on  all  sides  as  a  public  benefactor. 
In  every  case  where  the  honor,  moral  or  material  inter- 
ests of  the  city  and  its  people  are  concerned,  none  is 
more  active  than  he,  and  to  his  counsel,  aid  and  judg- 
ment the   city  is   deeply  indebted.     His  beautiful  gift 

to  the  city  of  a  pub- 
lic   library    and    art 
building,     costing 
over      eighty-four 
thousand     dollars, 
is    only   one    of    the 
evidences  of  his  gen- 
erosity   and    public- 
s])irited  nature.     .Al- 
though   Mr.   \\'allace 
has  held  many  offices 
of    public    trust,    he 
has    never   been    re- 
garded  as  an    office 
seeker,    and    it    was 
only    after    repeated 
requests   that    he  al- 
lowed the  use  of  his 
name.     He    was    a 
selectman        w  hen 
Fitchburg    was    a 
town ;  was   a   rejjre- 
sentative  to  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts    Legislature 
in  1 873,  and  declined 
a  re-election,  much  to 
the     disappointment 
of  his  fellow-citizens ; 
he  served  three  years 
on     the     Governor's 
Council   and   was   member  of   the    National    House  of 
Representatives    in    the    session    of     1889-90,     being 
elected  by  an  exceedingly  flattering  vote.     Although  he 
could  have  been  returned  the  following  session  without 
a  semblance  of  an  effort,  he  declined  a  re-nomination. 
His  benevolence  has  endeared  him  to  the  hearts  of  his 
fellow-citizens,  who  respect  him  for  his  integrity  no  less 
than  they  admire  the  marvellous  success  of  his  career 
as  a  public-spirited  citizen. 


412 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ARTHUR  H.  LOWE,  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade, 
the  reputation  of  which  extends  to  nearly  every 
State  in  the  Union,  is  a  typical   Fitchburger,  although 
born  in  the  neighboring  State  of  New  Hampshire.     He 
is  a  descendant  of  a  family  that  made  Ispwich,  Mass., 
their  home  in  colonial  times.     He  was  born  in    1853, 
and  is   one    of   seventeen   children,    who  at    this    time 
are  all  li\ing,  and  went  to  Fitchburg  when  a  mere  child. 
His  education  was  received  in  the  public  schools,  and 
his  first  employer  was 
his  father,  who  then 
carried   on  a  whole- 
sale meat  and  prod- 
uce  business.      In 
1879,  Mr.    Lowe,  in 
conjunction  with 
John    Parkhill  and 
Thomas  R.  B.  Dole, 
started    the    Parkhill 
^fanufacturing  Com- 
pany  with    thirty 
looms.      To   a    con- 
siderable degree  the 
success  of   this    now 
vast  plant  is  due  to 
him,    and   the   little 
mill  of    thirty  looms 
has  grown  to  be  the 
third    largest   of    its 
kind  in  the  country, 
employing   about 
ele^■en    hundred 
hands,  running  about 
two  thousand  looms 
and    paying  out    di- 
rectly and  indirectly 
to  employees  more 
than    ten    thousand 
dollars   a   week.     At 
various  times  during 

the  past  ten  years  the  plant  has  been  enlarged  to  meet 
the  ever-increasing  demand  for  the  firm's  goods,  and  the 
company  now  occupies  over  six  acres  of  floor  space. 
Mr.  Lowe  fills  the  position  of  treasurer  and  manager, 
having  been  elected  in  1883.  In  1885  he  organized 
the  Cleghorn  Mills  Company,  and  the  building  of  the 
Cleghorn  Mill  has  been  the  chief  cause  of  the  growth 
of  the  section  of  the  city,  which  during  the  past  six 
years  has  sprung  up  as  if  by  the  aid  of   a  magician's 


ARTHUR    H.    LOWE 


wand.  Six  years  ago  scarcely  a  house  covered  the 
ground  now  known  as  the  Daniels  District  ;  to-day  there 
are  over  two  hundred  houses,  a  church,  large  school- 
house,  three  large  factories  and  two  more  under  course 
of  erection.  Another  ornament  to  the  same  section  of 
the  city  is  the  Onwell  Mills,  an  industry  which  is  in  a  con- 
siderable measure  due  tojiis  efforts  and  enterprise.  The 
Mitchell  Mills,  another  prosperous  and  rapidly  increasing 
concern,  is  largely  owing  to  his  interest  and  foresight. 

Chief     among     the 
industrial  ornaments 
of  the  southern  part 
of   the    city   are   the 
large  and  handsome 
car   shops   of    the 
Fitchburg    Railroad. 
These  works  were 
secured  for  this  city 
in    I  8 8 S,    although 
several    other  places 
were  making  strenu- 
ous efforts  to  get  the 
valuable   prize   for 
themselves.      It    is 
acknowledged  on  all 
sides  that  solely  ow- 
ing to  the  admirable 
work   o  f    Mr.    Lowe 
and  Hon.  Rodney 
Wallace  this  valuable 
acquisition     to    the 
city's    commercial 
and  business   life    is 
due.     Mr.    Lowe's 
public    spirit  and 
pride    in   his   home 
are  seen  by  the  fact 
that  he  gave  his  time 
gratis  and  one  hun- 
dred and   ten   acres 
of  his  and  his  brother's  land  for  what  they  paid  for  it  ten 
years  previously,  when  it  was  cheap.     He  also  purchased 
fifty  acres  more  from  a  score  of  owners  and  turned  it 
over  to  the  railroad  company  without  a  dollar  of  reward. 
Mr.  Lowe  is  a  director  in  the  Street  Railway  Company, 
and  in  the  Fitchburg  National  Bank,  and  a  trustee  in  the 
Fitchburg  Savings  Bank.     He  is  also  interested  finan- 
cially in  the  Gas  Company,  the  Fitchburg  Steam  Engine 
Company  and  the  Grant  Yarn  Company. 


FITCH  BURG. 


413 


FITCHBURG  has  the  distinction  of  possessing  the 
only  mill  of  its  kind  in  the  world.     This  is  a  mill 
started  in  1886  for  the  purpose  of  manufacturing  by  a 
new  and  most  ingenious  process  bicycle  balls,  screws, 
pedal  pins,  axles,  and  many  other  articles  which  require 
to  be  absolutely  perfect  to  be   of  use.     These   articles 
are  manufactured  by  a  rolling  process,  the  invention  of 
George   F.   Simonds,   the    articles  being  moulded  into 
various  forms,    while    rotating   on   their  axles  between 
surfaces    moving    in 
opposite    directions. 
The    first   use  made 
of  the  machinery 
was  the  manufacture 
o  f  spheres,  ar  m  o  r- 
piercing     projectiles 

and    axles.      At    the  " 

same  time  the  ma- 
chinery was  being 
perfected  by  expen- 
sive experiments 
which  threatened  to 
exhaust  the  firm's  re- 
sources. During  the 
first  few  years  of  its 
existence,  the  strug- 
gle was  hard  and  it  is 
only  within  a  compar- 
atively short  period 
that  it  has  reached  a 
paying  basis.  The 
present  general  man- 
ager of  this  enterprise 
is  George  W.  Wey- 
mouth, and  to  his 
able  management 
during  the  past  two 
years  is  due  a  great 
portion  of  the  suc- 
cess of  the  under- 
taking. Mr.  Weymouth  is  a  native  of  West  Amesbury, 
now  Merrimac,  and  first  went  to  Fitchburg  in  1882. 
Having  learned  the  carriage-making  business,  he  natu- 
rally fell  into  the  same  line  and  opened  a  carriage  repos- 
itory at  No.  457  Main  Street.  He  soon  began  to  be 
recognized  as  a  young  man  of  more  than  average 
ability,  and  his  fellow-citizens  were  not  long  in  calling 
upon  him  to  take  a  hand  in  public  affairs.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Common  Council,  and  at  the  expiration  of 


GEORGE    W.    WEYMOUTH 


his  term  was  singled  out  for  a  place  in  the  aldermanic 
chamber,  which  he,  however,  refused.  His  interest  in 
the  prosperity  and  development  of  his  adopted  city  was 
not  abating,  however,  and  in  1890,  when  the  Board  of 
Trade  was  revived,  Mr.  Weymouth  became  one  of  its 
most  active  and  enthusiastic  workers.  Shortly  after, 
Mr.  Weymouth,  Hon.  Rodney  Wallace  and  D.  M. 
Dillon,  with  the  co-operation  of  E.  M.  Dickinson,  sur- 
prised the  whole  State  by  inducing  the    Iver  Johnson 

Company    of     Wor- 
cester to  abandon 
their  cramped  quar- 
ters in  that  city  and 
remove   to  Fitch- 
burg.   The  move  was 
pronounced  one  of 
the   most    surprising 
and     most     skilfully 
managed    of    recent 
years,   and    resulted 
in   F'itchburg   re- 
ceiving an  advertise- 
m  e  n  t  t  h  r  o  u  g  h  ou  t 
New    England    that 
has   brought   several 
other   important    in- 
dustries    within    her 
gates,    every   one  of 
which  is  doinga 
prosperous    and    in- 
creasing business. 
In  less  than  ten  years 
from   coming   to 
Fitchburg  an   entire 
stranger,    Mr.    Wey- 
mouth has  become  a 
director  in  the  Fitch- 
burg National  Bank, 
general   manager   of 
the    now    successful 
Simonds  Rolling  Mill  Company,  a  director  in  the  Wor- 
cester Society,  of  the  .-Etna  Life  Insurance  Company, 
the   Board  of  Trade,  and  a  member  of    the   Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Fitchburg  Savings  Bank.     He  was  also 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the   Fitchburg  &  Leominster 
Street  Railway  and    is  a  director  of   the    corporation. 
Mr.  Weymouth  is  also  a  stockholder  in  the  Wachusett 
National  Bank  and  the  Fitchburg  Gas  Company.     He 
is  recognized  as  a  successful  business  man. 


414 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


DAVID  M.  DILLON  is  a  native    of   St.  John,    N. 
B.,  and  has  lived  in  the  United  States  since  1859. 
He  learned  the  boiler-making  trade  in  his  native  city, 
and  has  been  in  that   business  all  his  life.     Mr.  Dillon 
made  Fitchburg  his  home  in  1870,  moving  there  from 
Worcester,  where  he  had   been  carrying  on  the  boiler- 
making  business  about  five  years.     In  1863  he  entered 
the  United    States   service,  and    for  a    year,  during  the 
war,  was   engaged   repairing   government  transports  at 
Port  Royal.     Mr. 
Dillon  was    the  first 
man   to   succeed    in 
making  boilers  of 
steel,   which    he    ac- 
complished in  1874, 
although  the  idea  was 
scorned    b  y    makers 
generally.     The    r  e  - 
suit   was    that   those 
who    had    scoffed  at 
and  ridiculed  his  idea 
as  impracticable 
found     themselves 
compelled   to   follow 
his  lead  in  order  to 
])  r  o  t  e  c  t  themselves 
and  their  trade.     At 
the  present  time  Mr. 
Dillon's    works    turn 
out  boilers  which  find 
a    market    in    every 
State  in   the    Union, 
and  are  also  exported 
to  Mexico  and  South 
America.      He    w  a  s 
the  first  man  to  ship 
American  boilers    to 
Japan.     Through  his 
interest  many  orders 
have  come  to  Fitch- 
burg and  other  cities.     The  increase  of  his  business  has 
necessitated  the  employment  of  more  men  each  year,  and 
several  years  ago  he  had  to  move  into  quarters  specially 
prepared  for    his   use.     While    conducting  a  large   and 
exacting  business,  Mr.  Dillon  has  ever  been  alert  to  the 
public   needs    of  his   adopted    home.      Reluctantly    he 
obeyed  a  call  to  take  part  in  the  deliberations  of  the 
city  fathers,  and  almost  in  defiance  of    his  will  he  was 
twice  elected  on  the  aldermanic  board.     His  course  in 


that  body  was  marked  by  its  strict  integrity,  rigid  ad- 
herence to  law  and  conscientious  and  eminently  able 
administration  of  aldermanic  functions.  His  liberal  yet 
strictly  business-like  course  in  every  public  matter  made 
him  one  of  the  most  popular  aldermen  the  city  ever 
had,  and  earned  for  him  the  respect  and  admiration  of 
all,  opponents  included.  As  a  prime  mover  and  ener- 
getic worker  in  the  Board  of  Trade,  his  work  will  never 
be  forgotten.     The  numerous  valuable  business  acquisi- 

tions   and   various 
moves  of  a  progres- 
sive character,  inau- 
gurated   during    the 
past  two  years,  have 
found  in  him  an  ad- 
herent   strong    and 
efficient.     His  judg- 
ment and  advice  are 
sought  by  all  his  as- 
sociates in  that  body, 
and    his  determina- 
tion and  devotion  to 
every  project  having 
any  prospect  of  rev- 
enue for  the    public 
finds    him    foremost 
in  the    ranks.      To 
him  in  a  very  consid- 
erable amount  is  due 
the  praise  of  adding 
to   the   city's  indus- 
tries the    Iver  John- 
son Works,  formerly 
o  f   Worcester.      Mr. 
Dillon  is  a  strong  ad- 
vocate  of   co-opera- 
t  i  V  e    banks,    which 
have  been  a   source 
of  great  advantage  to 
the    masses    of   the 
people  in  building   and    acquiring  homes  of  their  own. 
His  plain  and  outspoken  expressions  of  opinion  stamp 
him  as  a  man  of  much  force    of  character  and  deter- 
mination of  will.     Mr.  Dillon  is  a  stockholder  in  all  the 
recent  new  enterprises  started  in  Fitchburg.     His  ])er- 
sistence    in    the     face    of    apparently    insurmountable 
obstacles,  until  he  was  enabled  to  give  to  the  world  the 
steel   boiler,  stanqis  him  as  a  man  of   a  strong  mind, 
scientific  in  cast. 


DAVID    L.    DILLON 


FITCHBURG. 


415 


CHARLES  C.  STRATTON,  of  the  Sentinel  Printing 
Company,  Fitchburg,  is  a  son  of  the  late  Thomas 
Stratton,  a  leading  farmer  and  citizen  of  Fairlee,  Vt., 
who  represented  his  native  town  in  the  State  Legislature 
and  held  other  positions  of  trust.     Charles  C.  Stratton's 
early  education  was  obtained  at  the  district  school  of 
Fairlee,  supplemented  by  a  course  at  the  academy  at 
Thetford  Hill.     He  remained  at  home  until  the  fall  of 
1846,  when  he  went  to  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  and  entered 
the    ofifice    of    the 
Demoi-yatic  R  cp  u  b  - 
lican,  which  was  then 
published  by  the  late 
Hon.    John   R.    Re- 
ding.   After  com- 
pleting    his    regular 
apprenticeship  at  the 
printer's     trade,    he 
gave  up  his  situation 
in  Haverhill  to  accept 
one  in  Newbury,  \"t., 
.1  n  d  w  or  k  e  d  f  o  r  a 
time  in  the  office  of 
the    Aurora    of    the 
Valley.     Then     he 
went  to   Boston  and 
found  employment 
in    the    Franklin 
Printing  House, 
going  from  there  to 
New  York,  where  he 
worked  in  the  ofifice 
of    the     Methodist 
Book   Concern.      \\\ 
September,  1854,  he 
went    to    Fitchburg, 
and  ever  since  then 
has  been  connected 
with    the  Se  11 1 i iic I 
office,   with    the   ex- 
ception of  a  few  months,  when  he  was  with  the  Second 
Massachusetts  Cavalry,  and  in  the  Christian  Commission 
at  City  Point,  Va.     In  March,  1867,  he  purchased  a  half 
interest  in  the  office,  and  a  few  years  later  he  recognized 
and  urged  the  importance  of  publishing  a  daily  paper 
in  Fitchburg.     With  this  object  in  view  the  partnership 
with  John  E.  Kellogg  was  formed  in  the  spring  of  1873, 
and  the  first  number  of  the  Daily  Sentinel  was  issued  on 
the  6th  of  the  following  May.     Results  prove  that  the 


time  had  come  for  such  a  \enture.  The  IVeekly  Sentinel 
in  1838  was  four  pages,  19  x  36,  and  in  1839  was 
enlarged  to  20  x  38;  in  1845,  it  was  again  enlarged  to 
24  X  34  ;  in  1853,  to  twenty-eight  columns,  later  to  thirty- 
two  columns,  and  in  1890  was  changed  from  a  blanket 
sheet  of  thirty-six  columns  to  an  eight-page  sheet  of 
forty-eight  columns.  The  Daily  Sentinel  was  started 
May  6,  1873,  as  a  four-page  sheet,  21  x  30 ;  in  October, 
1881,  it  was  enlarged  to  23  x  35  ;  in  September,  1885, 

to    25  X  39  ;    in   Oc- 
tober,    1886,    to 
27  X  44,     in    July, 
1890,  to  eight  pages, 
double  its  size  at  the 
start ;  and  in  Decem- 
ber,    1892,     to     an 
eight-page   paper  of 
seven  columns  each, 
printed  on  a  perfect- 
ing press.     The  Sen- 
tinel has    proved  an 
important    factor    in 
the    development  of 
Fitchburg,   and    was 
never  more  prosper- 
ous than  at  the  pres- 
ent time.    The  office 
is  in  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  in  the  city, 
and  possesses  excel- 
lent f  ac  ilities  for 
printing  of  all  kinds. 
Mr.  J.  E.  Kellogg  is 
associated  with   Mr. 
Stratton  in  business, 
and     together     they 
have  made  the  Sen- 
tinel one  of  the  vig- 
orous and  influential 
papers  of   Central 
Massachusetts.     They  have  been   firm  believers   in  the 
great    possibilities   of    Fitchburg    as   a   manufacturing 
centre,  and  have  lent  the  weight  of  the  Sentinel's  influ- 
ence and  large  circulation  to  every  movement  that  has 
had    for    its    object   the    development   of    Fitchburg's 
resources.     Hence  the  Sentinel,  both  daily  and  weekly, 
has  grown  with  the  growth  and  prospered  with  the  pros- 
perity of  the  thriving  inland  city,  with  whose  interests 
it  is  thoroughly  identified. 


CHARLES    C.    STRATTON 


M 


ALDEN  in  1629  was  a  wilderness.     Ralph  Sprague  and  his  brethren,  who  had  recently  landed  at  Salem, 

were  the  early  pioneers.  Its  inhabitants  were  a  remnant  of  the  once  powerful  tribe  of  the  Patuckets.  In 
1634  an  allotment  of  land  in  parcels  of  five  acres  was  made  to  new-comers,  whose  village  belonged  to  Charlestown. 
In  1636  a  commission  set  up  boundaries,  a  part  of  which  are  still  recognized.  Settlers  increased,  and  in  1640 
a  dam  was  built  and  a  mill  established.  John  Greenland  took  up  his  residence  there,  and  Joseph  Hills,  who  was  a 
landholder  in  1638,  and  his  son-in-law,  John  Wayte,  were  leading  men.  In  1643  came  William  Sargeant,  a 
"  haberdasher"  and  a  preacher,  and  for  two  hundred  years  his  descendants  possessed  his  lands.  Settlers  increased 
and  pushed  their  way  northward  up  the  valley  between  Mount  Prospect  and  the  western  hills.  In  1640  the  penny 
ferry  was  established  across  the  Mystic  River  to  Charlestown,  and  in  1653  a  "new  way"  was  laid  out,  and  its  wind- 
ings from  Chelsea  line  to  the  Reading  ponds  may  still  be  traced. 

The  town  was  incorporated  in  1649.  The  first  legislator  was  Joseph  Hills,  who  had  been  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Deputies,  and  who  had  revised  the  Massachusetts  laws.  Mr.  Hills  came  from  Maiden,  in  Essex,  Eng- 
land, and  it  is  supposed  that  in  compliment  to  him  the  town  received  its  new  name.  For  more  than  one  hundred 
years,  however,  it  has  been  spelled  Maiden.  Joseph  Hills  was  chosen  its  first  deputy,  and  John  Wayte  was  the  first 
town  clerk.  Thomas  Squire,  ^Villiam  Brackenbury,  John  Upham,  John  ^Vayte  and  Thomas  Caule  were  the  first 
selectmen.  Here  began,  for  the  inhabitants  of  Maiden,  the  form  of  local  self-government  initiated  in  1633  by  the 
inhabitants  of  Charlestown,  the  parent  town  of  the  colony. 

In  167 1  the  first  public  school  was  maintained  at  the  charge  of  the  town,  and  the  town  then  embraced  the 
new  city  of  Everett  and  the  town  of  Melrose.  Maiden  shared  in  the  gloom  and  insanity  which  spread  the  charge 
of  witchcraft  against  some  of  its  inhabitants,  and  there  was  much  strife  in  the  churches.  It  also  shared  in  the 
sacrifices  of  the  Revolutionary  War.     Slavery  had  existed  in  Maiden  in  a  patriarchal  form. 

In  17S7  the  bridge  over  the  Mystic  River  was  formally  opened.  In  1837  the  population  had  increased  to 
2,300,  and  manufacturing  was  carried  on  to  the  extent  of  8350,000  per  annum.  At  that  time  lines  of  omnibuses 
connected  the  town  with  Boston  until  1845,  when  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  was  opened  up.  In  1S50  the 
population  was  3,520,  not  including  1,260  souls  who  were  set  off  the  previous  year  with  the  town  of  Melrose. 

The  opening  of  the  railroad  and  the  cheapness  of  land  gave  birth  to  various  enterprises,  which  were  more 
or  less  successful.  A  tract  of  land  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river  and  a  tract  of  land  on  the  highlands  were  laid  out 
for  building  and  business  purposes,  and  great  inducements  were  offered  to  purchasers.  On  a  portion  of  this  prop- 
erty has  grown  up  the  district  of  Edgeworth,  where  are  now  located  the  extensive  factories  of  the  Boston  Rubber 
Shoe  Company,  Webster  &  Co.'s  tanneries,  and  Vaughn's  box  factory.  The  products  of  these  industries  amount 
to  more  than  S3, 000,000  per  year.  The  honor  of  Maiden  was  upheld  in  the  late  Rebellion,  the  town  sending  six 
hundred  men,  who  bore  their  part  manfully  in  that  terrible  struggle  for  the  maintenance  of  right.  In  1877  a 
portion  of  Medford,  comprising  about  two  hundred  acres  of  land  with  one  hundred  inhabitants,  was  annexed  to 
Maiden.  Its  greatest  length  from  east  to  west  is  about  three  miles,  and  its  average  width  about  one  and  one-half 
miles.  Maiden  has  several  lines  of  horse  and  electric  railways  and  two  steam  railroads,  with  upwards  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  trains  to  and  from  Boston  daily. 

In  1861  the  population  was  5,865,  and  the  valuation  was  $3,365,101.  In  1870  Everett  was  set  off,  leaving 
Maiden  with  7,370  inhabitants  and  a  valuation  of  84,999,272.  At  the  present  time  the  valuation  is  nearly  $20,- 
000,000  and  the  population  is  over  30,000. 

Maiden  has  some  of  the  finest  schools  and  churches  in  New  England,  and  it  has  a  public  library  second  to 
none  in  the  State,  which  was  the  gift  of  Hon.  Elisha  S.  Converse.  A  public  hospital  has  also  recently  been  built, 
and  Mr.  Converse  generously  gave  the  city  the  land  and  S20,ooo  for  this  project.  Maiden  is  a  thriving  and  grow- 
ing city,  and  will  soon  have  a  population  of  50,000. 


M.ILDEN. 


4'7 


JAMES  PIERCE,  the  mayor  of  Maiden  in  1892,  was 
born  in  Medford,  Jan.  20,  1837.     In  April  of  that 
year,  when  he  was  less  than  three  months  old,  his  parents 
moved  to  Woburn,  where  his  boyhood  was  spent.    At  the 
age  of  sixteen  he  left  home  and  went  to  Lowell  to  learn 
the  retail  dry  goods  business.     On  March   i,  1858,  he 
left  Lowell  and  came  to  Boston,  where  he  became  sales- 
man in  a  dry  goods  store   on  Tremont  Row.     At  this 
time  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Maiden,  and  has  re- 
sided  there    ever 
since.     In    1861    he 
went    into  the  retail 
dry  goods    business, 
having   at  one    time 
three  stores  in  Bos- 
ton,   one    in    Lowell 
and  one  in  Maiden. 
In  187 1   he  sold  out 
his  dry  goods   busi- 
ness, and  engaged  in 
the    manufacture    o  f 
buff  leather,  and  has 
continued    in    that 
business  ever   since, 
having  at  the  present 
time  one  of  the  best 
tannery  plants  in  the 
country,  which    he 
had    built  at   Olean, 
N.    Y.     His    Boston 
ofifice   is  at  No.    143 
Summer  Street,  cor- 
ner of   South  Street. 
Mr.  Pierce  has  been 
highly  respected   by 
his  fellow-citizens  of 
Maiden,  both  under 
a  town  and  city  gov- 
ernment.   Under  the 
town  government  he 

served  on  the  Board  of  Selectmen,  and  was  one  of  the 
road  commissioners  for  five  years.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  one  of  the  sinking-fund  commissioners,  which 
ofifice  he  holds  up  to  the  present  time.  His  fellow- 
citizens  honored  him  in  1866  by  sending  him  to  the 
Legislature,  and  by  re-electing  him  the  following  year. 
He  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1875.  In 
1870  and  1871  he  was  one  of  the  senators  from  Middle- 
sex County,  and  he  served   on  important  committees. 


JAMES    PIERCE. 


He  was  afterwards  appointed  one  of  the  inspectors  of 
the  State  Prison  for  four  years  and  nine  months.  Lender 
the  city  form  of  government  he  was  a  councilman  from 
Ward  Five  for  the  first  nine  years.  He  was  the  first 
president  of  the  council,  and  of  his  nine  years  of  ser- 
vice in  that  body  he  was  president  seven  years.  As 
president  of  the  council  he  was  zealously  watchful  of  the 
finances  of  the  city,  and  no  man  in  Maiden  was  so  well 
posted  on  the  finances  of  the  city  as  Mr.  Pierce,  and 

the  solid  financia  1 
standing  of  the  city 
at  the   present   time 
is   due    in   no   small 
measure  to  his  skill 
as  a  financier  in  the 
expenditures  as  well 
as  in  the  making  of 
appropriations.     H  e 
is  one  of  the  direc- 
tors  o  f   the    Boston 
Belting  Company, 
and  a  director  of  the 
Freeman's    National 
Bank  of  Boston,  the 
National  Bank  of 
Boston,  and  of  the 
First  National  Bank 
of  Maiden.      For 
many   years    he    has 
been  connected  with 
the    Maiden    Savings 
Band  as  trustee  and 
V  i  c  e-president,  and 
since  1887  has  been 
i  t  s    president.      He 
has  been  a  member 
of  the  Standing  Com- 
mittee of  the  Baptist 
Church  Society   for 
several  years,  serving 
often  as  its  chairman.     At  the  present  time  he  is  chair- 
man of  the  Middlesex   Republican  Committee,  and  of 
the    Sixth    Middlesex    District  Senatorial    Committee. 
]Mr.  Pierce  is  well  known  all  over  the  Commonwealth  as 
an  honorable  citizen  and  a  man  of  the  strictest  integ- 
rity.    The  numerous  positions  of  public  trust  that  he 
has  held,  and  his  high  standing  in  the  manufacturing 
and  financial  circles  of  the  Commonwealth,  are  striking 
evidences  of  his  ability. 


4i8 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


HENRY  WINN,  who  has  just  been  elected  mayor 
of  the  city  of  Maiden  at  the  age  of  fifty-four,  was 
born  in  Whitingham,  Vt.,  and  was  graduated  at  Yale  in 
1859.  He  studied  law  in  the  Harvard  Law  School  and 
in  the  office  of  Attorney-General  Foster,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  twenty-two.  The  next 
year  he  was  assistant  to  the  attorney -general,  in  whose 
absence  he  had  entire  charge  of  the  business  of  the 
office,  and  the  heads  of  the  departments  at  the  State 
House  wrote  to 
CharlesSumner: 
"His  judgment  and 
ability  have  been  re- 
lied upon  in  the  de- 
cision of  such  legal 
questions  as  have 
arisen  in  any  of  the 
departments."  Gov- 
ernor Andrew  wrote  : 
"  He  has  extremely 
well  performed  the 
duties  of  his  office. 
At  twenty-three  he 
was  made  clerk  of 
the  Committee  on 
Foreign  Relations  of 
the  United  States 
Senate,  and  as  such 
drafted  bills  passed 
by  Congress."  Mr. 
Sumner  wrote  of  him, 
that  he  had  per- 
formed his  work  ably 
and  satisfacto- 
rily, and  commended 
him  to  the  regards  of 
good  men,  and  said  ; 
"  I  add  my  con\ic- 
tion  that  he  will  suc- 
ceed because  he  de- 
serves to  succeed."  W'liile  with  the  attorney-general  he 
originated,  at  the  request  of  a  legislative  committee,  a 
new  method  of  taxing  savings  banks,  which  was  adopted 
and  became  the  foundation  of  the  present  system  of 
taxing  corporations  in  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Winn  left 
his  office  with  a  letter  of  the  adjutant-general  to  raise  a 
regiment  in  Western  Massachusetts.  This  regiment  be- 
came the  Fifty-second  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  and 
he  served  as  major.     When  under  fire  at  Port  Hudson 


HENRY    WINN. 


his  gallantry  was  conspicuous,  and  he  was  recommended 
for  promotion  by  the  generals  of  his  brigade  and  divi- 
sion. After  his  service  he  did  not  resume  his  profession 
at  once,  but  entered  business,  as  he  said,  to  make  some 
money  first  and  then  practise.  He  succeeded,  but  lost 
it,  while  living  in  New  York,  through  the  wreck  of  a 
steamship  he  owned  in  the  Caribbean.  After  returning 
to  Massachusetts  he  served  in  the  lower  branch  of  the 
Legislature  in   1877,  receiving  every  vote  but  eight  in 

his  district.   The  next 
year  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate, 
receiving  the  largest 
majority    ever   given 
a  candidate  for   the 
office  in  the  Frank- 
lin   County   District. 
While  in  the  Senate 
he  was  chairman  of 
every  committee   on 
which  he  served,  and 
the    bills  drafted   or 
reported   by  him    in 
one   of  the    sessions 
amounted    to    more 
than  one  seventh  of 
the  whole  volume  of 
laws.     In     1887     he 
left  Franklin  County 
to    practise  his  pro- 
fession    in     Boston, 
making  his  home  in 
Maiden  in  1 889.   Dis- 
gusted with  the  use 
of  money  by  public 
men  to  secure  place, 
and    the    opposition 
of   his   party   to   his 
and  other  proposals, 
he  has  recently  joined 
the  People's  party,  with  the  hope  of  starting  a  reform 
party  on  economic  lines,  and  was  the  candidate  for  gov- 
ernor in   the  campaign  of    1892.     His  opinions  on  the 
subject  of  taxation  carry  great  weight,  and   have  been 
adopted  in  various  laws  of  this  and  other  States.     Mr. 
Winn  is  noted  as  a  profound  and  original  thinker,  and 
when  aroused  is  a  powerful  jjublic   speaker.     He   has 
amply   fulfilled    the    prediction   made    concerning    him 
many  years  ago  by  Charles  Sumner. 


MALDEN. 


419 


ELISHA  SLADE  CONVERSE,  the  third  son  of  Elisha 
and   Betsey    (Wheaton)    Converse,  was   born   in 
Needham,  Mass.,  July   28,    1820.     When  he  was  four 
years  of  age  his  parents  removed   to  Woodstock,  Conn. 
Spending    his    childhood    there,   under   the  wholesome 
restraint   and  kindly  influences  of  New    England  rural 
life,  he  was  trained  in  habits  of  industry  and  integrity, 
and  in  the  essentials  of  an  English  education.     In  his 
thirteenth  year  he  was  sent  to  Boston,  that  he  might 
have  the  advantage  of 
its  superior  schools. 
He    remained    there 
until  sixteen  years  of 
age  when  he  returned 
home.     During   the 
next  three   years   he 
learned  the  trade  of  a 
clothier,   and  when 
nineteen  years  old  he 
engaged  in  that  busi- 
n  e  s  s   on    his    own 
account  in  the  village 
of  Thompson,  Conn., 
continuing  there  five 
years.     In    1844    he 
again  went  to  Boston, 
where    he   made    a 
change  to  the  whole- 
sale shoe  and  leather 
trade.     The  business 
was  new  to  him,  but 
he  soon  familiarized 
himself   with    all  its 
details,    and  during 
his    connection   with 
it  the  reputation  and 
success    of   the    firm 
became    well    e  s- 
tablished.     In    1847 
he  removed  his  place 

of  residence  to  Stoneham,  Mass.,  and  in  1849  to  Maiden, 
where  he  has  ever  since  resided.  In  1853  he  accepted 
the  office  of  treasurer  of  the  Maiden  Manufacturing 
Company.  Early  in  1855  this  company's  corporate 
name  was  changed  to  that  of  the  Boston  Rubber  Shoe 
Company,  when,  by  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the 
directors,  he  was  induced  to  relinquish  his  previous 
business,  and,  in  addition  to  the  office  of  treasurer,  to 
assume  that  of  buying  and  selling  agent.    These  olifices 


ELISHA    S.    CONVERSE 


he  has  held  to  the  present  time,  and  the  direction  and 
control  of  all  operations,  both  of  the  factories  and  stores 
of  this  immense  concern,  have  been  unreservedly  in- 
trusted to  his  care.  Mr.  Converse  is  also  actively  in- 
terested in  very  many  other  enterprises,  which  have  the 
benefit  of  his  business  sagacity  and  experience.  He  is 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Maiden,  of  the 
Rubber  Manufacturers'  Mutual  Insurance  Company,  of 
the   Maiden  Hospital  and   of    the  Standard    Stave  and 

Cooperage  Company, 
director  of  the  Ex- 
change National 
Bank  of  Boston,  trus- 
tee of  the  Five  Cent 
Savings  Bank,  of  the 
Maiden  Public  L  i-  , 
brary,  of  the  Soldiers' 
Home,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  Wellesley 
College.  He  has 
served  the  Common- 
wealth  two  years 
(1878-79)  in  the 
House  of  Repre- 
sentatives and  two 
years  (1880-81) 
in  the  Senate.  In 
1882,  when  Maiden 
had  been  incor- 
porated  as  a  city,  he 
was,  by  universal 
acclaim,  awarded  the 
honor  of  serving  as 
its  first  mayor.  His 
administration  gav  e 
general  satisfaction 
to  the  citizens,  re- 
gardless of  party. 
M  r.  Converse  i  s  a 
successful  business  man,  active  in  thought,  untiring  in 
work  and  conservative  in  method.  He  was,  on  the  4th 
of  September,  1845,  married  to  Mary  D.  Edmunds, 
daughter  of  Captain  Hosea  and  Ursula  Edmunds,  of 
Thompson.  Their  children  are  :  Frank  Eugene  (de- 
ceased), Mary  Ida  (wife  of  Costello  C.  Converse), 
Harry  Elisha  and  Frances  Eugenia.  The  church  con- 
nections of  Mr.  Converse  are  with  the  First  Baptist 
Society   of   Maiden, 


420 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


JOSEPH   FURNAI.D  WIGGIN,  son  of  Joshua  and 
Dorothy  (Furnald)  Wiggin,  has  served  four  years 
as  mayor  of  Maiden.     He  was  born  in  Exeter,  Rock- 
ingham County,  N.  H.,  March  30,  1838.     His  element- 
ary education  was  received  in  the  common  schools  of 
Exeter.     He  then  spent  three  years  in  Phillips  Exeter 
Academy  and  fitted  there  to  enter  college  one  year  in 
advance  of  the  regular  course.     Instead  of  going  to  college 
he  entered  the  Harvard  Law  School  and  remained  there 
one    year.     He  then 
studied    law    in    the 
office   of   Hon.  Wil- 
liam W.  Stickney,  of 
Exeter,  N.    H.,    and 
was  admitted  to  the 
bar   in    Rockingham 
County,    N.    H.,    in 
1862.     He  practised 
law  in  Epping,  N.  H., 
one    year,    when    he 
removed    to    Exeter, 
and    practised   there 
until  iSSo.     He  then 
moved    to     Maiden, 
where  he  now  resides. 
He  is  at  the  head  of 
the  law  firm  of  Wig- 
gin  &  Fernald,  with 
an    office    on    State 
Street,    Boston.     He 
was  married   in  Mil- 
ton,   July   6,    1868, 
to     Ruth     Hurd, 
daughter  of  Thomas 
and    Deborah    C. 
(Allen)     Hollis.     Of 
this   union  were  ten 
children,    of     whom 
nine  are  now  living  : 
Ruth    H.,   Joseph, 

Thomas  H.,  Deljorah  K.,  Walter,  Margaret  E.,  Harry, 
J.  Hollis  and  Helen  Wiggin.  From  1871  to  1876  Mr. 
Wiggin  was  judge  of  probate  for  Rockingham  County, 
and  in  1877  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  compile  and  revise  the  public  statutes  of  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire.  Soon  after  coming  to  Maiden,  Judge 
Wiggin  began  to  take  an  active  interest  in  the  welfare 
and  progress  of  the  city,  and  although  he  sought  no  pub- 
lic or  political  office,  his  services  were  soon  in  demand, 


JOSEPH    F.   WIGGIN. 


and  in  1885  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  School 
Board.  As  member  of  this  board  he  took  a  most  active 
interest  in,  and  exerted  a  strong  influence  upon,  the  edu- 
cational affairs  of  the  city.  He  was  re-elected  to  the 
School  Board  the  following  year  and  in  1887  was  chair- 
man of  the  board.  While  holding  this  important  posi- 
tion he  was  nominated  at  the  Citizens'  Convention  for 
the  highest  office  in  the  gift  of  the  city,  and  he  was 
elected  mayor  by  an  almost  unanimous  vote.     As  mayor 

of  the  city  he  man- 
aged its  affairs  with 
such  prudence  as  to 
win  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  all 
classes  of  the  city, 
and  more  especially 
of  the  taxpayers,  be- 
cause of  his  financial 
ability  and  his  con- 
servatism in  the  ex- 
^_.^,-  penditure  of  the  ap- 

■^    If  propriations.        H  i  s 

m  administration     was 

Jf  warmly  endorsed 

^  by  the    leading  citi- 

zens, and  he  was  re- 
nominated and  re- 
elected the  three 
following  years  with- 
out opposition,  mak- 
ing four  years  that 
he  served  the  city  as 
chief  magistrate, 
which  is  two  terms 
more  than  any  of  the 
previous  mayors  had 
served.  Under  his 
prudent  administra- 
tion the  city  has  in- 
creased ra])idly  in 
population  and  wealth,  the  population  having  increased 
from  eighteen  thousand  to  nearly  thirty  thousand. 
Judge  Wiggin,  soon  after  retiring  from  the  office  of 
mayor  was  elected  city  solicitor,  and  the  city  is  still 
enjoying  the  benefit  of  his  valuable  experience  and 
conservative  judgment.  There  is  not  a  more  popular 
man  in  Maiden  than  he,  and  his  services  are  always  at 
the  disposal  of  his  fellow-citizens  in  connection  with 
any  movement  that  affects  the  interests  of  the  city. 


MAIDEN. 


421 


M 


ARCELLUS  COGGAN,  son  of    Leonard  C.  and 
Betsey  M.  Coggan,  was  born  in  Bristol,  Lincoln 
County,  Me.,  in  1847.     He  followed  the  sea  at  an  early 
age,  attending  a  district  school  during  the  winter  terms. 
When  sufficiently  advanced    he   became   a  student   in 
Lincoln  Academy,  New  Castle,  Me.,  where,  by  teaching 
in  the  winter  and  going  to  sea  in  the  summer,  he  was 
enabled  to  prepare  himself  for  entering  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, where  he  was  graduated  with  honor  in  1872.     He 
distinguished  himself 
as     a    student,    and 
graduated     as     class 
orator.      The     same 
energy  and  persever- 
ance  which   enabled 
him,  in  spite  of  diffi- 
culties, to  procure  a 
collegiate  education, 
have  characterized  all 
hissubsequentcareer. 
After   graduation   he 
filled  the  position  of 
principal  of  Nichols 
Academy,    Dudley, 
Mass.,    and    at    the 
same  time  served  as 
a    member     of     the 
School  Board  for 
three    years    in    that 
town.      He     studied 
law  in    the  office  of 
Child  &  Powers,  Bos- 
ton, was  admitted  to 
the    Suffolk    bar    in 
1 88 1,     and     entered 
upon  the  practice  of 
law  in  the  office  of 
the  firm  with  whom 
he    had   studied,   re- 
maining   with    them 

until  1886,  when  he  formed  a  partnership  with  William 
Schofield,  under  the  name  of  Coggan  &  Schofield. 
Prosperity  attended  the  new  firm,  and  Mr.  Coggan 
built  up  a  lucrative  practice,  which  has  steadily  increased 
from  year  to  year.  Mr.  Coggan  became  a  resident  of 
Maiden  in  1879,  and  at  once  took  an  active  part  in  the 
local  benevolent  and  social  organizations  of  the  city. 
For  four  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  School  Com- 
mittee, one  year  acting  as  chairman.     In   1884  he  was 


an  independent  candidate  for  mayor  of  Maiden,  and 
was  defeated  only  by  a  small  majority.  The  following 
year,  however,  he  was  elected  mayor  of  that  city  on  an 
independent  ticket,  and  his  official  career  was  indorsed 
by  a  unanimous  re-election  the  following  year.  He  was 
held  in  high  esteem  as  mayor  of  the  city,  and  his  official 
acts  were  independent  of  partisanship,  his  sole  aim 
being  to  give  the  city  a  clean  and  efficient  administra- 
tion which  should  be  and  was  beneficial  to  all  the  citi- 

z  e  n  s    of    Mai  d  e  n . 
Since  his  retirement 
from    the    office    of 
mayor,    Mr.   Coggan 
has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  his  ex- 
tensive law  practice, 
but  he  still  takes  an 
active  interest  in  mu- 
nicipal affairs,  in  1892 
ably  advocating   the 
election  of  the  inde- 
pendent     ticket     as 
against    the    present 
administration.     Mr. 
Coggan  has  won  con- 
siderable  renown  as 
a  lawyer  in  connec- 
tion with  the  famous 
Trefethen    murder 
case,    in   which    Ex- 
Governor  Long  is  as- 
sociated   with    him. 
Trefethen  was  found 
guilty  of   murder  in 
the   first   degree,  al- 
though   his    counsel 
made    an   admirable 
defence.     Mr.    Cog- 
gan has  been  untiring 
in  his  efforts  to  se- 
cure a  new  trial,  and  has  recently  finally  succeeded,  and 
the  case  will  come  up  for  trial  again,  when  Mr.  Coggan 
will  present  new  evidence  going  to  show  his  client's 
innocence.     Mr.  Coggan  was  married  in  1S72  to  Luella 
B.,  daughter  of   C.  C.  Robins,  of    Bristol,  Me.      They 
have  three  children,  Sumner,  Linus  Child  and  Florence 
Lambert  Coggan.     As  an  able  advocate,  and  as  a  public- 
spirited  citizen,  Mr.  Coggan  enjoys  the  esteem  of  the 
community  in  which  he  lives. 


MARCELLUS    COGGAN 


42: 


AfASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    B.   DE    LAS   CASAS    is   one    of    the 
young  men  who  have  put  new  blood  into  the 
Democratic    party    of    Massachusetts.      Both    from   his 
father  and  his   mother  he  inherits  his  jjatriotic  interest 
in  public  affairs.     His  father  was  exiled  from  Spain  for 
taking    part    in   a    revolution    to   secure   constitutional 
liberty  in   1820,  and   his   mother  was  descended  from 
one  of  the  sons  of  the  Earl   of    Essex.     His  paternal 
grandfather  was  a  brother  of  Judge  Story's  grandfather. 
Mr.  de  las  Casas  was 
born  March  3,  1857, 
in    Maiden,   in   the 
house    in   which   he 
still    lives.     He    was 
educated  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Maiden 
and  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege, from  which  he 
graduated    in    1879. 
He    taught   mathe- 
matics  two  years  at 
Trinity     School, 
Tivoli-on-the- Hud- 
son, and  then  took  a 
course    at   the    Har- 
vard    Law    School, 
graduating   in    1884. 
After  one  year  in  the 
law  office   of    R.   D. 
Smith,  in  Boston,  he 
opened    his    present 
office    at     No.    40 
Water  Street.    While 
in  the  law  school  he 
began  to  develop  and 
build  up  one  of  the 
most   beautiful    por- 
tions of  Maiden  in  a 
way   which    at    once 
won   him   a    reputa- 
tion for  energy,  taste  and  judgment.     At  the  same  time 
he   displayed  deeji  interest   in  civil  service  reform   as 
secretary  of  the  Maiden  Association,  and  soon  after  as 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Massachu- 
setts League    and    of    the   general    committee    of    the 
National   League,  which  positions  he  still  holds.     Lentil 
1884  he  was  a  Republican,  but   in  that  year,  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Maiden  Republican  and  Independent  Club, 
and  on  the  stump,  he  worked  for  Mr.  Cleveland's  elec- 


WILLIAM    B.    DE    LAS    CASAS 


tion.  In  i8go  he  was  chairman  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Maiden  Democratic  City  Committee, 
which  secured  the  election  of  a  Democratic  representa- 
tive in  the  Legislature  for  the  first  time  in  eighteen 
years.  At  the  same  time  he  was  chairman  of  the  Sixth 
Congressional  District  Committee,  which  managed  Dr. 
William  Everett's  brilliant  campaign  against  Hon.  Henry 
Cabot  Lodge,  and  reduced  the  latter's  plurality  of  5,295, 
in  1888,  to  1,040,  —  less  than  a  majority.     The  next  year 

he    was    nominated 
for     the    Governor's 
Council,    and    won 
great   praise    for  his 
plucky  though  unsuc- 
cessful campaign    in 
a   strongly   Repub- 
lican district.     He  is 
frequently  a  delegate 
to   Democratic   con- 
ventions,    and    in 
many  other  ways    is 
at  the  front  of  Demo- 
cratic   party    move- 
ments.    Mr.    de   las 
Casas   has    occupied 
many    positions    of 
trust,  and  has  given 
largely   of    his   time 
to    the    public   as 
warden  of  St.  Paul's 
Episcopal  Church,  as 
trustee  and  member 
of  the  Building  Com- 
mittee of  the  Maiden 
Hospital,    and  in 
other   ways.     He    is 
also   a    member   of 
the    Union    Club   in 
Boston,    the    First 
Corps  of  Cadets,  the 
Young  Men's  Democratic  Club,   the   Reform  Club,  the 
Executive  Council  of  the  ICpiscopalian  Club  of  Massa- 
chusetts, and  of  the  New  York  Reform  Club.     In  1892 
Governor  Russell  appointed   him   to   the  Metropolitan 
Park  Commission,  charged  with  the  important  work  of 
reporting  on   the  opportunity  and  means  of  preserving 
for  the  i)eople  o])en  spaces  of  unusual  natural  beauty  or 
usefulness  in  the  neighborhood  of  Boston.     He  has  trav- 
elled widely,  and  is  very  fond  of  Spanish  literature. 


MALDEN. 


423 


HOLLIS  RANDALL  GRAY  was  born  in  the  town 
of  Westbrook,  Me.  (now  called  Deering),  Dec. 
6,  1836.  His  father  removing  to  Boston  soon  after,  he 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  there.  On  leaving 
school  in  1853,  he  entered  the  employ  of  W.  P.  B. 
Brooks,  furniture  dealer,  Boston,  where  he  remained 
until  1 86 1.  He  then  accepted  a  position  as  inspector 
in  the  Boston  Custom  House.  Inheriting  an  inclination 
for  public  life,  he  early  entered  the  arena  of  politics  as 
a  stanch  Republican. 
At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  was  elected 
clerk  of  Ward  Twelve , 
Boston,  in  which 
capacity  he  served 
during  the  years 
1858,  1859  and 
i860.  In  the  latter 
year  he  was  elected 
amember  of  the 
Common  Council, 
in  which  body  he 
served  his  ward  and 
the  city  vvith  energy 
and  faithfulness,  and 
would  have  been  re- 
elected, but  he  de- 
clined a  re-nomina- 
tion to  accept  an 
appointment  in  the 
Boston  Custom 
House.  In  1867 
Mr.  Gray  resigned 
his  position  in  the 
Custom  House  to 
establish  himself  in 
the  furniture  busi- 
ness, which  he  still 
carries  on  at  Nos. 
38  and  40  Washing- 
ton Street,  Boston.  He  was  again  elected  a  member 
of  the  Common  Council  of  Boston,  and  served  during 
the  years  1868,  1869  and  1870.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  alderman  in  1870,  and  for  the  Legislature  in  1876 
and  1878.  In  1870  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Water  Board,  and  did  valuable  service  in  that  capacity 
for  the  city.  He  became  a  resident  of  Maiden  in  1880, 
and  immediately  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of 
the  town.     His  experience  in  the  Common  Council  of 


Boston  served  him  to  good  effect  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  Common  Council  of  Maiden  from  Ward  Four, 
in  1885.  After  serving  in  that  body  one  year,  his  abil- 
ity and  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  city  were 
recognized,  and  he  was  elected  by  a  large  majority  to 
represent  Ward  Four  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  he 
was  re-elected  the  two  following  years.  While  alderman 
he  was  a  member  of  the  commission  on  the  increased 
supply  of   water  from  Eaton's  Wells,  which    source  is 

now  supplying  nearly 
the  entire  city.  Al- 
though a  strong  Re- 
publican in  politics, 
he  has  always  worked 
hard  for  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  public 
without  regard  to 
party,  and  thereby 
earned  a  reputation 
for  courage,  fidelity 
and  independence. 
Socially,  Mr.  Gray  is 
held  in  high  esteejn, 
and  has  hosts  of 
friends  all  over  the 
State.  He 'is  a 
prominent  Freema- 
son, being  a  past 
master  of  St.  Paul's 
Lodge  of  South  Bos- 
ton, where  he  took 
his  degrees  in  1859. 
He  still  retains  his 
membership  in  this 
lodge.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Royal 
Arch  Chapter  of  the 
Tabernacle,  and  of 
Beauseant  Com- 
mandery  of  Maiden. 
Mr.  Gray  has  been  frequently  mentioned  as  a  good  man 
for  mayor  of  Maiden,  and  his  friends  claim  that  if  he 
desires  such  an  honor  that  he  can  have  it  within  a  few 
years.  Though  the  demands  of  his  business  are  such  as 
to  require  nearly  all  his  time  and  energies,  Mr.  Gray 
nevertheless  continues  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  all  the 
municipal  affairs  of  Maiden,  and  belongs  to  that  class  of 
useful,  public-spirited  citizens  who  are  the  backbone  of 
the  State. 


HOLLIS    R.   GRAY. 


424 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


LORIN   LOVEJOY  FULLER,  son  of  David  C.  and 
Maria  (Lovejoy)   Fuller,  was  born   in   Readfield, 
Me.,  Jan.  25,  1826;  he  obtained  his  early  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  State.     In  the  spring  of 
1839  he  came   to  Boston,  and  in   1845   began  business 
on    his   own   account   as   carpenter   and  builder.     For 
forty-five  years  he  has  been  a  builder  in  and  around 
Boston  and  to  some  extent  a  dealer  in  real  estate.     For 
a  number  of  years  he  resided  in  Melrose,  Mass.,  which 
town  he  represented 
in  the  Legislature  of 
1859.      In    i860    he 
moved    to    Maiden, 
where    he    now    re- 
sides ;    he  served  as 
alderman  during  the 
first  year  of  the  or- 
ganization   of    the 
Maiden  city  govern- 
ment and  was  mayor 
of  the  city  in    1884 
and  1885  and  again 
alderman    in     1887. 
His    administrations 
of     the     municipal 
government      were 
thoroughly  business- 
like  and    able,   and 
added    no    little    to 
his  popularity.      He 
was  one   of  the  first 
members  of   the 
Water  Commis- 
sioners  and    contin- 
ued on  the  board  for 
ten   years.     He    has 
been   a    member   of 
the    Industrial     Aid 
Society   from  its  or- 
ganization  to  the 

present  time  and  is  also  an  active  member  of  the 
Maiden  Improvement  Association.  At  the  time  of  the 
separation  of  Everett  from  Maiden  he  was  chairman  of 
the  committee  for  the  adjustment  and  dividing  of  the 
township  property,  and  his  able  and  satisfactory  negotia- 
tions gained  for  him  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his 
fellow-citizens.  He  was  one  of  the  starters  and  pro- 
moters of  the  Masonic  institutions  at  Melrose,  and  has 
to  the  present  time  taken  a  continued  and  active  inter- 


LORIN    L.    FULLER 


est  in  all  that  pertained  to  the  order.  He  was  one  of 
the  charter  members  of  Wyoming  Lodge,  Waverly 
Royal  Arch  Chapter,  Melrose  Council  and  Hugh  De 
Payen  Commandery,  and  was  the  first  commander  of  the 
above  commandery.  In  politics  he  is  a  conservative 
Democrat,  always  taking  a  deep  interest  in  all  that 
pertained  to  the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the  country, 
but  never  acting  the  partisan,  or  being  influenced  by 
any  mere  party  considerations.     During  the  war  of  the 

Rebellion,  Mr.  Fuller 
took  an  earnest  and 
active  part  in  aiding 
and  providing  for  the 
soldiers,  and  was 
c  h  a  ir  m  a  n    of    the 
committee     to    pro- 
vide   for    and    look 
after  Company  K  of 
Maiden,  and  on  the 
departure  of  this 
company    for   the 
South    he    presented 
the  officers  with  side- 
arms  and   revolvers. 
Mr.  Fuller  was  mar- 
ried   in  Sebec,  Me., 
N  o  \- .   8  ,   I  8  5  2  ,  t  o 
Lucy  P.,  daughter  of 
John    J.    and    Lydia 
Br  o  wn  Lovejoy  ; 
they  have  four  chil- 
dren,  —  Henry   L., 
M.    Louise,    Everett 
L.    and    L.   Alma 
Fuller,  all  now  living. 
Mrs.  Fuller  died 
April  ir,  1886.     Mr. 
1"'  u  1 1  e  r  was  again 
married    at    Maiden, 
June  26, 1 889,  to  Mrs. 
Annie    W.    Hornsby,   daughter  of  Thomas   and    Lydia 
Stewart,    of    Hartland,  Me.     Mr.    Fuller   still   takes  an 
active  interest  in  the  progress  and  welfare  of  the  city, 
and   was   chairman  of    the   building  committee  of  the 
Maiden  Hospital,  and  his  knowledge  and  experience  as 
a  builder  were  of  great  benefit  to  the  city  in  this  con- 
nection.    He  is  still  hale  and  vigorous  and  may  reason- 
ably expect    many  years    more  of  active  usefulness    in 
public  and  private  life. 


MAIDEN. 


425 


CLARENCE  O.  WALKER,  chairman  of  the  MaL 
den  Board  of  Aldermen,  was  born  in  I'ortsmouth, 
N.  H.,  Oct.  30,  1848,  and  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  that  place.  He  became  a  resident  of  Maiden 
in  1877,  and  since  then  he  has  taken  a  great  interest  in 
the  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the  city.  His  substantial 
home  is  in  Ward  Three,  the  wealthiest  ward  in  the  city,  and 
ever  since  his  residence  in  Maiden  he  has  been  known 
as  an  energetic  man  of  business,  honorable  and  upright 
in  all  his  dealings. 
In  the  business  and 
political,  as  well  as  in 
the  social  and  relig- 
ious life  of  Maiden, 
Mr.  Walker  wields  a 
healthy  influence,  and 
is  very  popular  among 
his  wide  circle  of 
friends  and  acquaint- 
ances. His  immense 
business  absorbed  his 
attention  the  first  ten 
years  of  his  residence 
in  Maiden,  so  that  he 
had  but  little  time  to 
devote  to  public 
o  ffi  c  e.  In  18S9, 
however,  the  citizens 
of  his  ward  elected 
him  to  represent  them 
in  the  Common  Coun- 
cil. His  faithful  and 
efficient  service  was 
appreciated,  and  he 
was  re-elected  the 
following  year.  His 
two  years  as  council- 
man gave  him  a  valu- 
able experience  in 
the  affairs  of  the  city. 

The  citizens  of  his  ward  wanted  him  to  serve  them  in  the 
upper  branch  of  the  city  government,  and  he  was  elected 
alderman  without  opposition.  He  was  again  elected 
alderman,  and  his  fellow-members  of  the  board,  recog- 
nizing his  worth,  elected  him  chairman,  in  which  capac- 
ity he  always  presides  with  dignity  and  ability.  He  is 
chairman  of  five  important  committees  of  the  city  gov- 
ernment. He  is  a  member  of  the  committees  on  Police, 
Fuel,  Fire  Department,  Printing  and  Accounts.     Within 


CLARENCE    0,    WALKER 


the  past  year  Mr.  Walker  has  been  freciuently  mentioned 
as  the  right  kind  of  a  man  for  mayor,  and  the  prominent 
citizens  of  the  city  agree  that  he  would  make  a  first- 
class  mayor,  as  he  has  all  the  requisites  for  that 
honorable  position.  His  friends  claim  that  within  a 
few  years,  at  least,  he  can  have  the  office  if  he  wants  it. 
Mr.  Walker  is  recognized  in  social  life  as  a  man  of 
worth.  He  is  a  past  master  of  the  Mt.  Vernon  Lodge, 
Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  chaplain  of  the  Tabernacle 

Chapter,    and    is    a 
member  of  the  Beau- 
seant    Commandery, 
Knights   T  e  m  p  1  a  r. 
He  is  also  an  active 
member  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian   As- 
sociation,   and    a 
deacon    in  the   First 
Congregational 
Church.    He  is  prom- 
inent in  Odd  Fellow- 
ship,   being    one    of 
the  leading  members 
of  Middlesex  Lodge. 
Quiet  and  unostenta- 
tious, he  has  won  the 
esteem  of  his  fellow- 
associates  in  the  va- 
rious    organizations 
with  which  he  is  con- 
nected,   and    all   re- 
spect him  as  a  man 
of  integrity  and  good 
judgment.     In  relig- 
ious circles  he  is  also 
held  in  high  esteem, 
and      he      has    ever 
shown   a   willingness 
to  promote    or    help 
any   worthy   project. 
Mr.  Walker  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  Albert  Walker 
&  Co.,  wholesale  coal  dealers,  with  wharves  in  Boston 
and  Portsmouth,  and  business  office  at  No.  70  Kilby 
Street.     He  has  a  wife  and  three  boys,  and  one  of  the 
most  comfortable  homes  in  Maiden.     Few  men  in  Mai- 
den are  more  familiar  with  all  the  details  of  municipal 
government  than  Mr.  Walker,  and  few  have  performed 
more  conscientious  and  painstaking  service  in  the  cause 
of  good  city  government.    His  popularity  is  well  merited. 


426 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TU-PAY. 


ALFRED  E.  cox  is  one  of  the  best-known  men  in 
Maiden,  and  there    is    probably  no  man   in  that 
city  who  has  lived  there  even  a  year  who  has  not  heard 
of  "  Al  "  Cox,  as  he  is  familiarly  called.     This  is  owing 
to  the  fact  that  Mr.  Cox  has  been  actively  interested 
in  every  project  of  a  public  nature  in  which  the  interests 
of   the    city   are    involved.     He   was  born    in  Maiden, 
Aug.  31,   1848,  his  parents  being  Charles  C.  and  Lucy 
(Faulkner)  Cox,  both  of  whom  are  still  living  in  Mai- 
den.    He   was  edu- 
cated in   the    public 
schools,  and  even  as  a 
boy  showed  an  active 
interest  in  the  affairs 
of  the  town,  being  a 
frequent  attendant  at 
the  lively  town  meet- 
ings which  were  held 
twenty-five  years  ago. 
In   1870    he  entered 
the    service    of    the 
Atlantic  Works,  East 
Boston,  and  for  sev- 
eral   years    past    he 
has  been    the    treas- 
urer of  that  extensive 
establishment.      H  e 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of   the  Board  of 
Selectmen    in    1875, 
and    re-elected    the 
following    year.     He 
has  served  on  many 
important  town  com- 
mittees, including 
the  Committee  on  the 
Revision  of  the  Town 
By-laws,  the  com- 
mittees   on  C  e  m  e  - 
teries  and  Fire-alarm 

Telegraph.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  School 
Board  in  1880,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the  resigna- 
tion of  a  member,  and  at  the  next  town  election  was 
re-elected.  For  the  year  1878  he  served  the  town  as 
auditor.  Mr.  Cox  took  a  great  interest  in  the  city  ques- 
tion, and  was,  in  fact,  the  first  citizen  to  make  any 
practical  move  toward  securing  a  charter,  and  he  was 
the  leader  of  the  forces  which  secured  a  favorable  vote 
for  the  change  in  the  form  of  government,  and  he  was  a 


ALFRED    E.   COX 


member  of  the  committee  which  prepared  the  city 
charter.  Since  the  organization  of  the  city  government 
he  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  all  the  important 
questions  which  have  come  before  the  City  Council,  and 
was  elected  street  commissioner  in  1883,  which  office 
he  filled  one  year.  In  December,  1883,  he  was  elected 
alderman  at  large,  and  was  re-elected  by  an  almost 
unanimous  vote  the  following  year.  Mr.  Cox  is  an 
ardent  Republican,  and  is  a  great  political    organizer. 

In    Maiden    it    has 
been   generally  con- 
ceded that  the  meas- 
ures  and    men   in 
which  "Al"  Cox  be- 
came interested  came 
pretty   near   being 
successful  in  most 
instances.    Every- 
body gives  him  credit 
for    having    done    a 
\ast  amount  of  work 
for  the  progress  and 
welfare  of  Maiden. 
He    is   an    able   and 
earnest  debater,  and 
while  serving  as    al- 
derman he  did  some 
effective  work,  es- 
pecially as  a  member 
of  the  Highway  Com- 
mittee and  the  Com- 
mittee  on  Street 
Lights.     He  has  also 
been  president  of  the 
C  o  m  m  o  n    Council, 
and  is  now  one  of  the 
street  commission- 
ers,   and     the     good 
condition  of  Mai- 
den's highways  is  in 
no  small  measure  due  to  his  efforts.     His  friends  claim 
that  he  could  have  been  mayor  of  Maiden  at  any  time 
within  the  past  few  years  had  he  consented   to  allow  his 
name  to  be  used.     It  is  more  than  likely,  however,  that 
he  will  consent  to  serve  the  city  as  mayor  before  many 
years  elapse.     He  is  now  spoken  of  as  a  probable  suc- 
cessor to  Henry  Cabot  Lodge.     Mr.  Cox  has  a  beautiful 
home  in  Maiden,  where  he  lives  happily  with  his  wife 
and  nine  children,  five  girls  and  four  boys. 


MALDEN. 


427 


EDWARD     OTIS     HOLMES,    son    of    Rev.    Otis 
Holmes,  was    born    in    the    old    historic  town  of 
Dorchester,  Mass.,  Jan.  5,  1830,    of  an  old  family  who 
were  early  identified  with   its  settlement.     Both  of  his 
grandfathers  were  engaged  in  throwing  up  the  fortifica- 
tions  upon   Dorchester    Heights,  the   night   before  the 
expected  attack  by  the   British.     His    only  brother  is 
Rev.  H.  M.  Holmes,  a  graduate  of  Amherst,  residing 
in  Ayer,  who   is    agent  of   the   Christian  Commission. 
Mr.  Holmes  attended 
school  in  Dorchester, 
Mass.,    and    at    the 
Franklin  School,  Bos- 
ton, until  he  was  ten 
years   of    age,    when 
his  parents  moved  to 
Gilmanton,     N.     H. 

where    he    attended  ,.  ^- 

the  academy.  He 
fitted  for  college  at 
Sandwich  Academy, 
N.  H.,  but  having  a 
decided  mechanical 
turn  of  mind,  at  the 
age  of  twenty  he 
turned  his  attention 
to  mechanics,  more 
particularly  to  grind- 
ing mills  for  cereals, 
but  finally  to  grind- 
ing and  disinte- 
grating all  kinds  of 
minerals,  phosphates, 
paints,  spices,  cocoas, 
and  in  fact  every 
material  which  re- 
quired pulverizing, 
grinding  or  redu- 
cing. After  two  years' 
experience  as  work- 
man and  superintendent  of  a  milling  establishment  in 
Boston,  he  bought  it  out,  and  in  1861  started  life  anew 
as  a  manufacturer,  and  he  soon  increased  the  business 
to  twice  its  former  proportions.  In  1863  John  W. 
Blanchard  became  associated  with  him,  and  this  partner- 
ship still  exists.  The  business  was  increased  and  has, 
until  the  present  time,  been  one  of  the  leading  manu- 
factories of  paint  and  grain  mills,  shafting,  gearing,  etc., 
in  the  country.     Mr.  Holmes  has  invented  several  useful 


EDWARD   0.    HOLMES 


machines  and  devices,  some  of  which  are  patented,  and 
he  has  a  high  standing  as  an  engineer.  Soon  after 
attaining  his  majority  he  became  a  resident  of  Maiden, 
where  he  now  resides,  having  seen  the  town  increase  in 
population  from  four  thousand  (including  Everett)  to 
more  than  forty  thousand,  and  the  valuation  from  three 
million  to  thirty  million  dollars.  He  holds  quite  an 
amount  of  real  estate,  believing  the  investment  better 
than  stocks  of   uncertain  value,  and  far  more  secure. 

He  has  always  taken 
a  deep  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the   town 
and  city,  and  has  held 
m  a  n  y   i  m  p  o  r  t  a  n  t 
offices,  being  one  of 
the   original    projec- 
tors and  c  o  m  m  i  s- 
sioners  for   the  con- 
struction    of     water 
works.    He  was  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of 
Selectmen,    three 
years   a   member   of 
the  School  Board,  five 
years  in  the  city  gov- 
ernment, and  has  re- 
cently   been   ap- 
pointed on  the  Board 
of  Street  Commis- 
sioners.   Both  as 
councilman   and    al- 
derman he   took  an 
active  interest  in  all 
measures    that    per- 
tained to  the  welfare 
and  prosperity  of  the 
city,  and    the  ability 
displayed  by  him  re- 
flected to  his  credit, 
and  he  has  often  been 
sent  to  represent  his  ward.     He   is  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Charitable    Mechanic    Association,    and 
has  several  times  been  appointed  on  the  Board  of  Judges. 
His  father  is  still  living  and  is  in  his  ninetieth  year,  and 
there  are  in  the  family  four  living  generations  in  regular 
descent.     In  politics  Mr.   Holmes   has  always  been  a 
Republican,  and  has  been    chairman   and  secretary  of 
Republican  committees  and  conventions.     He  is  a  promi- 
nent member  of  the  First  Congregational  Church. 


428 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES  F.  SHUTK  is  a  native  of  Maiden,  and 
was  born  June   17,   1838.     He  was  educated  in 
the  Maiden  public  schools  and  when  a  young  man  became 
engaged  in  the  leather  business  in  Lynn,  where  he  re- 
mained for  several  years.     He  subsequently  went  into 
the  milk  trade  in  Maiden,  and  in  this  line  has  built  up 
an  extensive  business  which  he  still  carries  on.     Several 
years  ago  he  became  interested  in  the  ice  business  in 
Melrose   with   Mr.   Mclntyre,   the  firm  being  Shute  & 
Mclntyre.       For    a 
number  of  years  past 
he  has  been  an  ex- 
tensive and  success- 
ful  dealer   in    real 
estate,  and  has  built 
two  substantial  brick 
blocks  on   Ferry 
Street,  which  he  still 
owns.  .'\s  a  real  estate 
dealer   he   has   done 
m  u  c  h    to   build    up 
Ferry   Street    and 
vicinity,  and  he    has 
become   known    as 
one    of    Maiden's 
substantial     citizens. 
When  the  subject  of 
changing  from  a  town 
to  a  city  government 
was  first  brought  up, 
twelve  years  ago,  Mr. 
Shute  was  one  of  the 
leading  citizens  who 
took   an   active    in- 
terest in  the  question, 
and  he  did  his  part 
in   bringing   about 
that  result,  which  the 
majority   of    Maiden 
citizens  now  believe 

to  have  been  a  most  beneficial  change.  The  city  has 
enjoyed  remarkable  prosperity  since  it  received  its 
charter,  and  its  government  has  in  general  been  ably 
administered.  Maiden  is  one  of  the  progressive  munici- 
palities of  the  Commonwealth.  When  it  came  to  se- 
lecting men  from  the  various  sections  of  the  city  to  form 
the  first  city  government  Mr.  Shute  was  unanimously 
chosen  to  represent  Ward  One,  where  he  then  resided, 
as  one  of  the  three  councilmen  from  that  section  of  the 


CHARLES    F.    SHUTE 


city.  His  first  term  in  the  Council  gave  entire  satisfaction 
to  his  constituents,  and  he  was  re-elected  liy  a  unanimous 
vote.  He  performed  good  service  for  the  city  as  coun- 
cilman and  as  an  active  member  of  the  committees  on 
Finance,  on  Highways  and  Almshouse  and  Poor.  After 
two  years  in  the  Council  he  retired  for  a  time  from  public 
life,  but  he  has  ever  since  taken  a  most  active  interest 
in  the  affairs  of  the  city  and  in  the  promotion  of  its 
welfare  and  prosperity.    His  efficient  work  as  a  member  of 

the   Highways  Com- 
mittee   led    to   his 
selection    as    one  of 
the    street    commis- 
sioners,subsequently, 
and  in  this  capacity 
he  did  excellent  work 
for  the  city.     In  the 
fall  of  1890,  when  it 
came   to    select   two 
new   men    to    repre- 
sent the  city   in  the 
lower  branch  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature, he  was  unani- 
mously   selected    as 
one    of   the    men  to 
whom  the  honor  was 
due,    and    he   was 
elected    by   a    large 
majority.       He  was 
re-elected  for    1892, 
and    served   on    the 
committees  on 
Finance  and  Expen- 
ditures, taking  rank  as 
one  of  the  most  use- 
ful   members  of   the 
House.     At  the  close 
of     the    legislative 
session    he    was 
chosen   as   one  of   the  members  of    the  Legislature  to 
attend,  with  the  governor  of  the  State,  the  dedication  of 
the  World's  Fair  buildings.     In  politics  Mr.  Shute  is  an 
ardent  Republican,  though  he  has  never  permitted  his 
public  actions  to  be  governed  by  any  considerations  of 
mere  partisanship.    As  street  commissioner,  as  well  as  in 
other  capacities,  Mr.  Shute  has  rendered  the  city  valua- 
ble  service.     He  was  married  in   December,  i860,  and 
has  a  wife  and  seven  children. 


CHICOPEE  is  one  of  the  youngest  cities  in  Massachusetts,  having  been  admitted  on  Jan.  i,  1891.  It  is  one 
of  the  most  important  industrial  centres  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and  is  somewhat  noted  as  the 
home  of  Ex-Governor  George  D.  Robinson.  Although  a  city  of  between  fifteen  thousand  and  sixteen  thousand 
inhabitants,  it  is  so  near  to  Springfield,  the  metropolis  of  the  Connecticut  valley,  that  it  loses  some  of  the  prestige 
that  it  would  otherwise  receive.  The  city  as  now  constituted  consists  of  several  flourishing  villages,  which  are 
still  called  by  their  old  names  :  Chicopee  Centre,  Chicopee  Falls  and  Willimansett.  The  Centre  is  situated  on 
the  south  bank  of  the  Chicopee  River  at  its  confluence  with  the  Connecticut  River,  three  and  a  half  miles  north 
of  Springfield.  Its  mills  and  factories  obtain  water  power  from  the  first-named  stream,  a  rapid  water  course  which, 
in  the  course  of  two  or  three  miles,  has  a  fall  of  seventy  feet.  The  Falls  section  of  the  city  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  Chicopee  River,  one  and  a  half  miles  above  its  mouth,  and  five  miles  north  of  Springfield.  A  bridge 
connects  the  two  halves  of  the  place,  and  pedestrians  passing  to  and  fro  have  a  charming  view  of  the  river,  of  the 
fall  over  the  dam  and  of  the  rapids  below,  checked  by  another  dam  at  a  lower  level.  There  is  a  great  volume  of 
water  power  utilized  by  the  numerous  factories  with  which  the  city  abounds.  Willimansett  is  a  small  hamlet  at 
the  northerly  end  of  Chicopee  Street,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Connecticut  River  and  opposite  Holyoke.  Its 
interests  are  chiefly  agricultural.  The  Connecticut  River  Railroad  runs  through  the  centre  of  the  city,  and  a 
branch  extends  up  the  river  to  Chicopee  Falls. 

The  city  produces  great  quantities  of  machinery,  bicycles,  tricycles,  sewing  machines,  locks,  cutlery,  bronze 
statuary,  cotton  goods,  etc.  The  city  has  excellent  police  and  fire  departments,  is  well  lighted,  and  has  the  best 
of  streets.  The  public  schools,  supplemented  with  a  free  library,  are  first  class  and  well  attended.  The  evening 
schools  of  Chicopee  are  probably  the  best  in  the  State.  Of  the  pupils  attending  the  night  schools  there  are  two 
hundred  and  seventy  of  all  nations,  and  sixteen  teachers  are  employed  in  their  instruction.  The  distinction  the 
schools  have  attained  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  city  is  so  largely  given  over  to  manufacturing  interests.  It  is  here 
more  than  anywhere  else  that  all  classes  mingle,  and  all  nationalities  are  brought  in  contact.  According  to  the  law, 
it  is  compulsory  that  all  illiterate  minors  who  are  employed  during  the  day  shall  take  advantage  of  the  opportunity 
offered  by  this  means  of  education.  Those  who  do  not  attend  are  expelled  and  deprived  of  their  work  during  the 
day  at  the  factories  or  shops.  The  State  commissioner  of  education  has  been  pleased  to  commend  the  methods 
and  successes  of  the  school  work  at  Chicopee. 

One  remarkable  feature  of  the  place  is  the  fact  that  it  is  probably  the  only  city  iu  the  country  thai  has  no 
newspaper.  This  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  it  is  connected  so  closely  with  Springfield  by  electric  cars  that  the 
residents  prefer  to  rely  upon  the  newspapers  of  the  latter  city  for  their  news.  Chicopee  has  a  bank  of  discount — 
the  First  National,  which  has  a  capital  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and  a  surplus  of  over  fifty  thou- 
sand dollars  —  and  two  savings  banks,  which  have  a  large  number  of  depositors.  The  city,  formerly  called  Cabot- 
ville,  takes  its  odd  name  from  the  river,  the  original  of  which  was  "  Chickkuppy."  It  was  at  first  a  part  of  Spring- 
field, but  as  the  settlement  began  to  grow  it  withdrew  into  a  settlement  by  itself.  Its  early  growth  was  so  slow, 
howe\er,  that  it  was  not  until  1825  that  it  was  incorporated  as  a  town. 


430 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    W.    McCLENCH,  the    present  mayor 
of  Chicopee,  is  one    of   the    coming   men    of 
Massachusetts.     Elected    mayor   of   his    native    city  at 
the  age  of  thirty-seven,  Mr.  McClench  has  proved  that 
a  prophet  is  not  without  honor  in  his  own  country.     He 
was   born    at    Chicopee    on   April  6,   1854,  the  son  of 
Joseph  U.  McClench  and  Mary  A.  (Johnson)  McClench, 
a  native  of  East  Weare,  N.  H.     The  young  man  came 
from    sturdy    stock.     His   father  was  born  in    Fayette, 
Me.,    in    1813,    and 
went  to  Chicopee  in 
1837,  when  the  great 
industries    of    that 
place    were    being 
started,    and    when 
Chicopee  was  a  part 
of  Springfield,  known 
as    Cabotville.      He 
was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native   town    and   at 
Tufts  College,  going 
from    the    Chicopee 
High    School   to  the 
college  in  1871.     He 
was   graduated   from 
Tuftsin  1875.     After 
his  college  days  were 
over  he  taught  school 
for  two  years, — one 
year   at    the    Hitch- 
cock    Free    High 
School    at    Brimfield 
and  another  year  as 
p  r  i  n  c  i  pa  1    of    the 
Ware    High    School. 
He  then  entered  the 
law  office  of  Stearns, 
Knowlton  &  Long  at 
Springfield,  where  he 

read  law  until  his  admission  to  the  bar  in  1878.  He 
was  then  associated  in  Chicopee  with  the  Hon.  George 
M.  Stearns,  in  the  practice  of  law  for  ele\en  years,  being 
counsel  for  the  town  a  greater  part  of  the  time.  .After 
this  he  moved  his  office  to  Springfield,  and  formed  a 
law  partnership  with  Judge  Gideon  Wells  and  Jonathan 
Barnes,  under  the  firm  name  of  Wells,  McClench  & 
Barnes,  but  retaining  his  residence  in  Chicopee.  For 
several  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  School  Board  of 


WILLIAM    W.    McCLENCH 


Chicopee,  and  also  of  the  Board  of  Registrars  of  Voters. 
He  received  the  nomination  of  both  of  the  big  political 
parties  for  mayor  in  1891,  being  unanimously  elected 
the  second  mayor  of  the  city.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Hitchcock  Free  High 
School  of  Brimfield,  and  was  for  two  years  a  member  of 
the  Supreme  Lodge,  Knights  of  Honor,  as  a  represen- 
tative from  Massachusetts.  Mr.  McClench  is  also  a 
prominent  Mason.     In  1880  Mr.  McClench  was  married 

to  Miss  Katherine  A. 
Hill,  the  only  daugh- 
ter of  Sylvester  B. 
Hill,  of  Chicopee, 
one  of  the  most 
prominent  business 
men  of  the  place, 
and  for  many  years 
connected  as  con- 
tractor and  other- 
wise with  the  famous 
Ames  Manufacturing 
Company.  Mr.  Mc- 
Clench is  connected 
with  the  LInitarian 
Society  at  Chicopee, 
and  is  chairman  of 
the  Standing  Com- 
mittee of  the  society. 
In  politics  Mr.  Mc- 
Clench was  a  Repub- 
lican until  1884, 
when  he  joined  the 
Democratic  party. 
A  warm  admirer  of 
Cirover  Cleveland,  he 
supported  h  i  m  for 
election  ui>on  the 
stump,  and  has  ever 
since  that  campaign 
been  a  stanch 
Democrat.  He  has  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  tariff 
reform,  and  has  participated  actively  in  all  State  and 
national  campaigns  since  he  became  a  voter.  In  1892 
Mr.  McClench  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  district 
attorney  for  the  AVestern  district,  comijrising  Hampden 
and  Berkshire.  He  is  regarded  throughout  the  State  as 
one  of  the  strongest  men  in  public  life  in  Western  Mas- 
sachusetts, and  his  friends  are  confident  that  the  future 
has  manv  honors  in  store  for  him. 


CHICOPF.E. 


431 


GEORGE  SYLVESTER  TAYLOR,  Chicopee's  first 
mayor,  is  one  of  the  most  respected  and   most 
influential  citizens  of  the  city.     A  resident  of  what  is 
now  Chicopee  since   1828,  no  citizen  is  held  in  higher 
esteem  or   more   honored   by  the  people   of   his   city. 
When   Chicopee   was  made  a  city,  in   i8gi,  Mr.  Taylor 
was  the  citizens'  candidate  for  mayor,  and  was  elected 
without  opposition.     He  has  been  a  justice  of  the  peace 
since  1845,  and  was  special  justice  of  the  Chicopee  Po- 
lice Court  until  1859, 
when  he  was  elected 
a   member   of   the 
lower  branch  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature,   to    represent 
his    town.     He    was 
elected  to  this  office 
for  two   years  in  suc- 
cession.    In    1869 
he  was    elected   a 
State    senator,  and 
served  one  term.     In 
the     Legislature    he 
was  an  efficient  and 
consci  entious 
worker,    leading    the 
other  members  from 
Western     Massachu- 
setts in  pushing  the 
interests  of    his  sec- 
tion   of     the    State. 
For  two  years  he  was 
an    assessor    of    the 
town  of   Chicopee, 
and  for  three  years  a 
member  of  the  Board 
of   Selectmen.      H  e 
is   also  president    of 
the    Chicopee    Falls 
Savings     Bank.       In 

business  and  private  life  Mr.  Taylor  has  been  etjually  as 
distinguished  as  he  has  been  in  politics.  He  was  born 
in  South  Hadley  on  March  2,  1822,  the  son  of  Sylvester 
and  Sarah  (Eaton)  Taylor.  On  his  mother's  side  he  is 
a  descendant  of  the  famous  Chapin  family,  one  of  the 
oldest  families  in  Western  Massachusetts.  He  went  to 
Chicopee  (then  a  part  of  Springfield),  with  his  family, 
in  1828,  where  he  has  lived  ever  since.  He  was  de- 
pendent upon  the  schools  of  the  town  for  his  educa- 


GEORGE    S.    TAYLOR. 


tion,  with  the  exception  of  a  finishing  course  at  the 
school  kept  by  the  Re\'.  Sanford  Lawton  in  Springfield. 
In  1839  Mr.  Taylor  entered  the  store  of  Colonel  Bryant, 
where  he  was  a  clerk  for  two  years.  In  1842  he  en- 
tered the  store  of  S.  A.  Shackleford  &  Co.,  soon  after- 
wards becoming  a  partner.  This  was  upon  his  becom- 
ing of  age,  in  1843.  The  name  of  the  firm  was  then 
changed  to  Shackford  &  Taylor.  This  firm  continued 
in  business  twenty  years,  after  which  Mr.  Taylor  entered 

into  the  agricultural 
tool  business,  under 
the    firm     name    of 
Belcher     &     Taylor. 
This   company   con- 
tinued nearly   two 
years,  when  the  stock 
company    of   the 
Belcher   &    Taylor 
Agricultural  Tool 
Company  was  incor- 
porated.    Since  that 
time  Mr.  Taylor  has 
been    the    treasurer, 
and  since  Mr.  Belch- 
er's    retirement,    in 
1866,    he    has    also 
been  the  agent  of  the 
company.     Under 
his  able  management 
the  business  has  be- 
come   very   prosper- 
ous.    Mr.  Taylor   is 
also  president  of  the 
Chicopee    Fall  s 
Building     Company. 
He    is   a    prominent 
member  of  the  Con- 
gregational    church, 
and  has  been  one  of 
the   deacons   since 
June  20,  1857.     He  was  superintendent  of  the  Sunday- 
school  from  May  8,   1848,  until   May,    1873,  when   he 
resigned,  after  twenty-five  years  of  faithful  service.     Mr. 
Taylor  was  married  in  1845  to  Miss  Asenath  B.  Cobb,  of 
Princeton,  Mass.     He  has  one  daughter  and  three  sons 
living,  having  lost  two  sons  and  one  daughter.     In  the 
development  of  the  natural  resources  of  Chicopee  and 
in  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  the  municipality 
Mr.  Taylor  has  been  one  of  the  potent  factors. 


432 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE  MUNROE  STEARNS  is  one  of  a  small 
number  of  lawyers  in  Western  Massachusetts 
whose  professional  reputation  extends  all  over  New 
England.  He  is  one  of  the  most  eloquent  and  witty 
orators  in  the  country.  He  was  born  at  Stoughton, 
Norfolk  County,  April  i8,  1S31,  the  son  of  William  L. 
and  Mary  (Munroe)  Stearns.  His  early  education  was 
obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  the  town  of  Rowe, 
where  his  father  was  settled  as  pastor  of  a  Unitarian 
parish.  After  being 
graduated  from  the 
public  schools  there 
he  took  a  course  at 
the  academy  at  Shel- 
burne  Falls.  Mr. 
Stearns  decided  long 
before  his  school- 
days  were  over  that 
the  profession  of  law 
was  his  field  in  life, 
and  on  leaving  school 
he  entered  the  office 
of  the  late  Judge 
John  Wells,  at  Chic- 
opee,  where  he  pur- 
sued his  legal  studies. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  Hampden 
County  bar  in  April, 
1852,  and  immedi- 
ately entered  into 
partnershij)  with 
Judge  Wells.  This 
partnership  was  con- 
tinued until  Judge 
Wells  removed  to 
Springfield,  after 
which  Mr.  Stearns 
continued  alone  for 
several  years.    Later, 

Mr.  Stearns  formed  a  coiKirtnership  with  the  late  Hon. 
E.  D.  Beach,  and  after  that  with  Hon.  Marcus  P.  Knowl- 
ton,  judge  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court,  and  C.  L. 
Long.  This  partnership  continued  for  some  years. 
Since  1878  he  has  continued  in  practice  in  Chicopee. 
Mr.  Stearns  held  a  commission  as  justice  of  the  peace 
and  quorum  and  notary  public  for  several  years.  He 
was  elected  a  representati\e  to  the  General  Court  from 
Chicopee  in  1859  and  was  appointed  one  of  the  Coni- 


GEORGE    M.    STEARNS. 


mittee  of  Thirty  who  reported  the  revision  of  the  statutes 
in  i860.     In  1 87 1  Mr.  Stearns  was  elected  to  the  Senate, 
serving  on  the  Committee  on   Railroads.     In    1872   he 
was  elected   district  attorney  for  the   western  district, 
which  office  he  resigned  after  holding  it  for  over  two 
years.     In  February,   1886,  Mr.  Stearns  was  appointed 
United  States  attorney  at   Boston,  which  office  he  also 
resigned    after    seventeen    months.      In    politics    Mr. 
Stearns  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  frequently  been  a  dele- 
gate to  State  conven- 
tions.     He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Na- 
tional   Democratic 
Convention,  in  1872, 
where  he  favored  the 
nomination  of   Hor- 
ace    Greeley.       Mr. 
Stearns    was    candi- 
date   for   lieutenant- 
governor    on    the 
t  i  c  k  e  t  w  i  t  h  J  o  h  n 
Quincy   Adams,  and 
also    for    the    same 
place   when    Charles 
Sumner    was    nomi- 
nated by  the  Demo- 
crats,   but  when  the 
latter   declined,   Mr. 
Stearns  also    w  i  t  h  - 
drew.      Mr.    Stearns 
married  Emily  Caro- 
line,    daughter    of 
Erasmus  D.   and 
Caroline  (BuUard) 
Goodnow,  at  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,   May   17, 
1855.     Their  chi  1- 
d  r  e  n  were  :  Mary 
Caroline    and  Emily 
Spaulding  Stearns, 
the   former  dying  at   the  age  of  twenty-eight  and  the 
latter  at  twelve.    Mr.  Stearns  is  a  grandson  of  Charles 
Stearns,  D.  D.,   of    Lincoln,  who  was  made   doctor  of 
divinity  by   Harvard,  and  was  one  of   the   ablest  and 
most  learned  men  of   his  day.     He  was  at  one   time 
offered  the  presidency  of  Harvard  College,  but  declined 
it,  because  he  considered  it  his  duty  to  remain  with  the 
little   parish   at  Lincoln,  though   his  compensation  was 
but  four  hundred  dollars  a  year. 


CI-irCOPF.E. 


433 


AH.  OVERMAN,  president  of  the  Overman  Wheel 
,     Company,  of  Chicopee  Falls,  had  an  idea  when 
he  was  a  boy,  and  long  before  the  bicycle  of  to-day  was 
thought  of,  that  mankind  should    have  some  means  of 
locomotion  for  which  the  motive  power  should  be  con- 
tained  within    himself.      This    idea   was   possibly   sug- 
gested by  the  velocipede  of  that  period,  which  was  not 
only  a  clumsy  vehicle,  but  was  far  from  speedy.     The 
result  of  this  train  of  thought  is  his  position  to-day  at 
the  liead  of  the  great- 
est  wheel   manufac- 
turing  company    i  n 
the  country.     Mr. 
Overman   was    born 
in  Fulton  County, 
111.,  in  1850,  his  fa- 
ther being  Cyrus  R. 
Overman,    president 
of   the  Illinois  State 
Horticultural  So- 
ciety, and    the   lead- 
ing  wholesale    nurs- 
eryman of  the  State. 
Mr.    Overman    was 
educated  at  the  State 
Normal  University 
of  Illinois.    He  went 
to   Chicago  when 
twenty  years  of  age, 
where  he  accepted  a 
position  with  Jansen, 
McClurg   &   Co., 
wholesale    book  and 
stationery  dealers, 
with    whom    he   re- 
mained until  he  had 
perfected    his    plans 
for   becoming   a   bi- 
cycle   manufacturer. 
He  then  resigned  his 

position  and  sold  his  home,  against  the  protest  of  his 
friends,  to  come  East,  where  the  conditions  of  labor 
were  more  suitable  for  his  purpose  than  where  lie  was. 
While  with  this  house,  however,  Mr.  Overman  con- 
stantly studied  the  possibilities  of  his  project,  and  spent 
his  spare  time  in  making  models  of  his  own  invention, 
which  were  of  no  little  value  to  him  when  he  went  into 
the  business  in  earnest.  Mr.  Overman  went  from  Chi- 
cago to  Hartford,   Conn.,  where    he   matured  his  i)lans. 


A.    H.    OVERMAN 


He  then  went  to  Chicopee  Falls,  where  the  corporation 
he  formed  while  at  Hartford  erected  a  building  two 
stories  in  height,  and  covering  an  area  of  about  two 
thousand  feet,  and  began  business  with  about  thirty  men. 
As  a  result  of  Mr.  Overman's  able  management,  the 
corporation  now  has  a  building  more  than  twenty  times 
the  size  of  the  original,  in  addition  to  several  smaller 
buildings,  and  employs  about  twelve  hundred  men. 
For  some  time  when   he  first  began,  Mr.  Overman  had 

his   wheels   c  o  n- 
structed  by  contract, 
but  now  claims  that 
^  his  is    the  only  con- 

cern    in    the    world 
which  builds  the  en- 
tire bicycle.   In  1891 
Mr.  Overman  offered 
to   give    $10,000    to 
the  League  of  Ameri- 
can    Wheelmen     in 
case  any  other  manu- 
facturers of  bicycles 
could  prove  that  they 
manufactured     every 
part  of  their  wheels 
in  their  own  factories, 
providing    any  com- 
peting    party    would 
agree    to    forfeit   tlie 
same     amount      in 
case     they     failed. 
No  one  accepted  his 
challenge.     Mr. 
Overman    is  a   thor- 
ough master  of  every 
part  of  his  business, 
and  is  at  his  manu- 
factory  every    day, 
looking  after   me- 
chanical details.    He 
is  the    in\-entor  of    many  of    the  devices  of   which  his 
wheel  is  made,  but  is    constantly  buying  up  impro\ed 
patents.     He  has  a   board    of  experts  who  do  nothing 
but  experiment  and  invent  parts  of  bicycles  and  he  him- 
self   is    thoroughly    conversant    with    all     the     intricate 
minutiae  of  the  various  branches  of  the  Ijusiness.     Mr. 
Overman  married  Miss  Millie  E.  Benton,  of  Normal,  111., 
in  1S73,  and  they  have  three  children,  — Marjorie,  Max 
anil  Edward  Overman. 


434 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EMERSON    GAYLORD,  although  not  a  veteran  of 
the  late  war,  is  one  of  the  heroes  of  that  war. 
An  incident  that  occurred  at  the  very  start  of  the  Rebel- 
lion tells  the  whole  story.     Mr.  Gaylord,  who  was  at  that 
time  a  manufacturer  of  military  accoutrements,  had  been 
manufacturing  supplies   for   nearly   every  State    in   the 
Union  and  had,  before  there  was  any  expectation  of  war, 
received  an  order  for  a  large  consignment  of  military 
accoutrements  for  the  Southern  States.     The  day  Fort 
Sumter    fell    he   had 
the    order    finished. 
That    afternoon     he 
received   a  telegram 
from  Colonel  Thorn- 
ton, commanding  at 
Governor's    Island, 
N.  Y.,  asking  him  to 
ship   to   the  govern- 
ment   all    goods    on 
hand  and  all  in  pro- 
cess of  construction. 
Soon  afterward   a 
message  was  received 
from    Governor   An- 
drew with  the  same 
request    for    Massa- 
chusetts.    Mr.   Gay- 
lord  resolved  to 
divide  the  accoutre- 
ments    equally     be- 
tween    the     govern- 
ment and  the  State. 
Before  night  a  noted 
speculator  from  New 
York  offered   $5,000 
more  than  he  would 
otherwise  receive  for 
the  stock.     Mr.  Gay- 
lord,     realizing    that 
the     accoutrements 

would  go  to  the  South,  refused  the  offer  and  sent  the 
goods  to  the  government.  The  demands  of  the  govern- 
ment for  this  line  of  goods  became  so  large  that  he  was 
com])elled  to  erect  new  buildings,  increase  his  force  of 
employees  to  four  hundred  and  fifty  men,  and  ship  from 
Si 8,000  to  ;?20,ooo  worth  of  goods  every  week.  Mr. 
Gaylord  was  born  at  South  Hadley,  Mass.,  Sept.  2,  1817, 
the  son  of  Josiah  and  Lucretia  Smith  Gaylord.  His 
father  dying  when  he  was  seven  years  of  age,  he  was 


EMERSON    GAYLORD 


early  left  to  depend  upon  his  own  resources.  At  seven- 
teen years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  to  learn  harness 
making.  An  apprentice  in  those  days  was  called  upon 
to  do  chores  and  render  other  assistance,  and  young 
Gaylord,  finding  he  had  so  much  other  work  to  do  for 
his  employer,  after  two  months  began  to  learn  the  shoe- 
maker's trade.  Soon  afterwards  he  purchased  his  time 
for  fifty  dollars  and  paid  a  Mr.  Ely  one  dollar  a  week  to 
teach  him  the  art  of  making  first-class  gaiter  boots.     At 

twenty-one  years  of 
age  he  had  saved 
forty  dollars.  He 
continued  in  the  shoe 
business  until  1840, 
and  in  1841  he  went 
to  Chicopee  where 
he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  N.  P. 
Ames  Company, 
manufacturers  of  can- 
non swords  and  mil- 
itary accoutrements. 
He  was  employed  in 
the  latter  depart- 
ment, and  in  1843 
took  charge  of  it. 
In  1856  he  purchased 
the  department  and 
added  to  it  the  man- 
ufacture of  leather 
hose  and  machinery 
belting.  In  April, 
1863,  Mr.  Gaylord 
organized  his  estab- 
lishment into  a  stock 
company^  of  which 
he  became  president. 
After  the  Rebellion 
the  business  w  a  s 
chiefly  confined  to 
cabinet  locks  and  regulative  and  society  swords  of  the 
finest  workmanship.  In  1881  he  sold  out  his  interest 
to  the  stockholders  and  retired  from  active  business. 
He  has  been  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Chicopee  for  about  thirty  years,  and  has  been  president 
of  the  bank  since  1880.  In  politics  Mr.  Gaylord  has 
always  been  a  Republican.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
House  in  1866  and  a  member  of  the  Senate  in  1880 
and  1881. 


CHICOPEE. 


435 


THOMAS  CLARK  PAGE  is  as  good  an  illustration 
of   a   self-made    man   as    it    is    possible    to   find. 
Starting  the  battle  of  life  without  even  the  ad\antages 
possessed  by  the  ordinarily  poor  boy,  he  has  erected  for 
himself  a  monument  of  success  that  will  ever  stand  as  an 
illustration  of  what  creditable  ambition  and  well-directed 
energy  can  be  made  to  do.     He  was  born  in  Hollis, 
York  County,  Me.,  April  23,  1832,  the  youngest  son  of 
James  and  Eliza  (Woodman)  Page.     Eight  years  later  his 
father    died,   leaving 
his  mother  with  seven 
small    children    and 
no  means  of  support. 
At    this    eventful 
period     in     his    life 
Thomas    Clark  Page 
went    to   work  on  a 
farm  with  an  uncle, 
where    he    was   per- 
mitted   to    attend 
school  only  on  rainy 
days  or  at  such  times 
as  he  could  be  spared 
from  the  work  on  the 
farm.      Three    years 
later  he  was  appren- 
ticed    to     a    shoe 
manufacturer  at 
Haverhill,  Mass.,   by 
whom  he  was  allowed 
to  attend  school  three 
months  in  the  year. 
Two  and  a  half  years 
later    he    was    given 
his  time,  and  he  went 
to  Saco,  Me.,  where 
his  mother  was  then 
residing.       Here    he 
continued    making 
shoes  and  attending 

the  public  schools.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  years  he 
decided  that  the  trade  he  had  learned  did  not  offer  the 
field  for  advancement  that  he  aspired  to,  and  he 
apprenticed  himself  to  a  machinist,  with  whom  he 
remained  three  full  years.  In  April,  1853,  just  after 
becoming  of  age,  Mr.  Page  went  to  Holyoke,  Mass., 
where  he  worked  as  a  journeyman  machinist  four  or 
five  years.  In  1857-58,  during  those  hard  times  when 
nearly  all   the   shops  closed,  Mr.   Page   embraced   the 


THOMAS   C.    PAGE. 


opportunity  to  start  a  repair  shop.  He  commenced 
business  with  one  engine  lathe  and  with  just  room 
enough  to  set  the  lathe  and  a  vise  and  bench.  From 
this  modest  beginning  what  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
machine  works  in  New  I^ngland  has  grown,  although 
Mr.  Page  has  long  since  severed  his  connection  with  the 
concern.  In  1865  he  became  interested  in  the  knitting 
machine  invented  by  I.  W.  Lamb,  and  recognizing  its 
merit,  purchased  an  interest  in  the  patents.  He  then  be- 
gan the  manufacture 
of  these    machines 

at  Rochester,   N.   Y. 

In  1867  he  purchased 
the  real  estate  and 
mac  h  i  n  ery  of  the 
Massachusetts  Arms 
Company  at  Chico- 
pee,  organized  the 
Lamb  Knitting  Ma- 
chine Manufacturing 
Com])any,  and  be- 
gan the  manufac- 
ture of  the  machines 
o  n  a  large  scale. 
Since  that  time  Mr. 
Page  has  been  man- 
aging agent  of  the 
f  1  company  and  for  the 

k  most    of     the     time 

*  treasurer.       He    has 

been  a  life-long  Re- 
publican in  politics, 
but  has  always  re- 
fused to  accept  any 
political  office:  In 
private  life  Mr.  Page 
has  been  a  model  and 
public-spirited  citi- 
zen. He  is  a  prom- 
inent Mason,  having 
taken  all  the  degrees  up  to  and  including  the  thirty- 
second.  Since  the  organization  of  the  Chicopee  Falls 
Savings  Bank  he  has  been  a  vice-president  of  that  insti- 
tution. Mr.  Page's  success  in  life  has  not  been  due  to 
any  fortunate  external  circumstances  of  birth  and  train- 
ing, but  to  his  own  inherent  ability  and  energy.  His 
career  is  one  of  many  in  the  industrial  world  of  New 
England,  showing  what  splendid  opportunities  she  offers 
to  brains. 


436 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD  BELLAMY  is  one  of  the  few  men  in  the 
country  who  awoke  one  morning  to  find  himself 
famous.  Mr.  Bellamy  was  a  journalist,  and  had  written 
several  very  noteworthy  magazine  articles,  and  two  or 
three  novels,  before  he  produced  "  Looking  Backward," 
but  until  this  book  appeared,  in  January,  1888,  very  few 
people  had  more  than  a  vague  recollection  of  the  name 
when  they  saw  his  signature  to  a  magazine  article  or  his 
name  on  the  cover  of  a  novel.  With  the  last-named 
work  Mr.  Bellamy 
sprang  into  promi- 
nence, and  his  work 
to-day  i  s  evidence 
that  this  prominence 
will  not  diminish. 
The  sales  of  "  Look- 
i  n  g  B  a  c  k  w  ar  d  " 
reached  four  h  u  n- 
d  r  e  d  thousand  in 
America,  almost  a  s 
many  in  Great  Bri- 
t  a  i  n  and  probably 
quite  as  many  i  n 
Germany.  Transla- 
tions soon  appeared 
in  Danish,  Swedish, 
G  e  r  m  a  n,  D  u  t  c  h, 
French,  Italian,  Rus- 
sian, Polish,  Hunga- 
rian  and  other 
languages.  Mr. 
Bellamy  has  lived  at 
Chicopee  Falls  a  1- 
m  o  s  t  continuously 
since  his  birth,  i  n 
1850.  He  is  a  de- 
scendant of  Rev.  Dr. 
Joseph  Bellamy,  a 
famous  theologian 
of    the    time    of    the 

American  Revolution.  On  the  other  side  of_  the  house 
his  grandfather  was  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Putnam,  a  promi- 
nent man  in  the  Baptist  denomination.  His  father,  the 
late  Rev.  R.  K.  Bellamy,  was  pastor  for  thirty-five  years 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Chicopee  Falls.  Edward  Bel- 
lamy's early  education  was  obtained  at  home,  followed 
by  a  partial  course  at  Union  College,  a  year  of  European 
travel,  and  a  course  of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  Hampden  County,  of  which  he  is  still  a  member. 


EDWARD    BELLAMY 


though  he  has  never  practised.  The  appetite  for  literary 
work  spoiled  a  good  lawyer  in  Mr.  Bellamy,  and  he 
aliandoned  the  profession  for  which  he  had  fitted  him- 
self, in  favor  of  journalism.  In  1S71  he  joined  the 
staff  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  then  under  Charl- 
ton Lewis.  In  1872  he  left  the  Post  to  accept  a  desk 
on  the  Springfield  Union  as  literary  editor  and  editorial 
writer.  Mr.  Bellamy  remained  with  the  Union  four 
years,  when  he  made  an  extented   trip  to  the  Sandwich 

Islands,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  recuperating 
h  i  s   somewhat   i  m- 
paired    health.      Mr. 
Bellamy's  first  work 
of    fiction    was   "A 
Nantucket     Idyl," 
and    it    brought   the 
author    into    more 
prominence  than  has 
any  of  his  subsequent 
work  s,     excepting 
"Looking    Back- 
ward."    His   second 
e  ff  o  r  t   was    "Dr. 
Heidenhoff's     Pro- 
cess,"   which    ap- 
peared as  a  serial  in 
the  S  13  r  i  n  g  fi  e  1  d 
i  'nion.     This  was 
followed    by    "  Miss 
Ludington's   Sister." 
Mr.  Bellamy  has  also 
written    much    other 
matter,      continuing 
h  i  s    series   of   short 
stories  in  the   maga- 
zines.    Since    the 
publication   of 
"Looking   Back- 
ward "  he  has  wholly 
devoted  his  time  to  speaking  and  writing  in  advocacy 
of  the  plan  of  social  organization  set  forth  in  that  book, 
and    known  as    Nationalism.     In    1891    he    founded    a 
weekly  newspaper  in  Boston,  called  the   The  Neto  Na- 
tion, for  the  more  effective  promulgation  of  these  ideas. 
Mr.  Bellamy  was  concerned   in  the  organization  of  the 
People's  party  in  Massachusetts.     In  the  national  cam- 
paign of  1892  Mr.  Bellamy  was  a  presidential  elector-at- 
large  on  the  People's  party  ticket  of  Massachusetts. 


CHICOPEE. 


437 


WILLIAM  M.  E.  MELLEN,  M.  D.,  the  leading 
physician  of  Chicopee,  and  one  of   the  dele- 
gates to  the  Tenth  International  Medical  Congress  at 
Berlin,  Germany,  is  one  of  the  eminent  men  of  Massa- 
chusetts whose  success  in  life  is  due  almost  entirely  to 
their  own  energy  and  ability.     He  was  born  in  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  April  6,  1848,  the  son  of  James  and  Margaret 
T.  Mellen.     His  father  died  before  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  able  to  take  care  of  himself,  and  his  mother, 
a    most   refined   wo- 
man,   was    left   with 
three     children    and 
in    rather    poor   cir- 
cumstances.    Dr. 
Mellen,    in  his  boy- 
hood,   attended    the 
public    schools    of 
Worcester,  and  being 
desirous  of  obtaining 
a    more    substantial 
and  practical  educa- 
tion, worked  for  some 
time    as    an    iron 
moulder  in  the  foun- 
dries   of    his    native 
town.     In  this  man- 
ner  he    obtained 
funds  to  enable  him 
to  begin  the  study  of 
medicine  at  the  LTni- 
versity  of  Michigan. 
While  at  the  univer- 
s  i  t  y    he     showed 
marked    ability  as  a 
student,  accomplish- 
ing   with    ease    and 
speed  what  required 
hours   of   hard  work 
for     his    classmates. 
He    obtained    some 

assistance  in  his  work  by  studying  with  Dr.  Riley,  of 
Adams,  and  completed  his  medical  course  in  1876,  at 
which  time  he  was  graduated  from  the  university.  After 
his  graduation  he  first  practised  medicine  in  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  and  after  remaining  there  one  year, 
moved  to  Chicopee,  where  he  has  since  practised  his 
profession.  In  the  medical  profession  he  stands  high, 
as  is  seen  in  his  success  in  dealing  with  critical  cases. 
He  has  performed  a  number  of  difiicult  surgical  opera- 


tions, and  is  often  summoned  as  consulting  physician. 
It  was  in  1890  that  Dr.  Mellen  was  chosen  a  delegate 
to  the  Tenth  International  Medical  Congress  in  Berlin. 
In  company  with  Dr.  Fox,  an  eminent  physician,  he 
visited  the  leading  hospitals  of  London  and  studied 
some  of  their  methods  of  operating.  He  also  visited 
hospitals  in  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  Bavaria,  Vienna,  and 
in  cities  in  France.  .\s  a  citizen  of  Chicopee  he  has 
been  called  to  some  of  its  highest  offices.     He  was  a 

member    of    the 
School     Board    for 
three   years,  was  for 
one    year   chairman 
of    the    Board   of 
Health,     and     has 
been  city  physician. 
His  work  in  each  of 
these   positions  only 
served  to   ]irove   his 
capability  to  fill  more 
im|Jortant    positions, 
and  in    1891  he  was 
elected  to  the  Board 
of  .Aldermen,  and  in 
1892  became    chair- 
man  of    the    board. 
As  a  municipal  offi- 
cer he  has  acted  as 
chairman   of    nearly 
all   the  important 
committees,     among 
them  the  committees 
on  Highways  and 
Bridges,  Fire  Depart- 
ment,   Police,    Ordi- 
nance, Street  Light- 
ing,   and    Sewers. 
His  executive  ability 
and  his  knowledge  of 
municipal  affairs  are 
acknowledged  by  all.     In  politics  Dr.  Mellen  is  a  Demo- 
crat.    He  was  sent  as  delegate  to  the  National  Demo- 
cratic Convention  held  in  Chicago  in  1892,  and  has  also 
been  delegate  at  large  to  nearly  all  of  the  State  conven- 
tions of  his  party  since  he  entered  public  life,  and  has 
taken  a  prominent  part  in  them.     In  1883  Dr.  Mellen 
married   Kate  M.   Burke,  the  only  daughter  of  Patrick 
Burke,  a  prominent   citizen  of   Chicopee.     They  have 
one  daughter. 


WILLiAM    M.    E,    MELLEN. 


438 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EUGENE   J.    O'NEIL  is  one  of   the  most  popular 
young   men   in   Chicopee,  being    the    only   man 
whom  the  city  has  ever  honored  by  sending  him  as  rep- 
resentative to  the  Massachusetts  (ieneral  Court  for  three 
consecutive  tejms.     Mr.  O'Neil  was  born  at   Chicopee 
Falls,  Feb.  29,  1856,  and  has  been  signally  honored  for 
a  young  man  who  is  not  yet  in   his   prime.     He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  at  Chicopee  Falls.     He 
entered    the    employ   of    the    Chicopee    Manufacturing 
Company  at  an  age 
when  most  boys  are 
still   at   school.     He 
began  as  bobbin  boy, 
and  gradually  worked 
up  from    the   lowest 
position   in    the  mill 
to    second    hand    in 
the  weaving  depart- 
ment.    In   1883  Mr. 
O'Neil   was  made  a 
flattering  offer  by  the 
Canada  Cotton  Man- 
ufacturing Company 
of  Cornwall,  Ontario, 
to  go  there  as  over- 
overseer.       Mr. 
O'Neil   was    only 
twenty-six    years    of 
age  at  this  time,  and 
he    accepted    the 
offer.     He  remained 
in  Canada  only  about 
a  year,  however.     At 
the  expiration  of  that 
time  he  decided  that 
the  prospects  in  the 
United    States    were 
much  better  than  in 
Canada,    so    he    re- 
turned   to    Chicopee 

Falls,  and  began  looking  about  for  an  opportunity  to  go 
into  business  for  himself.  It  was  not  long  before  he  hit 
upon  the  idea  of  beginning  the  manufacture  of  tape  and 
narrow  fabric,  and  he  immediately  proceeded  to  carry 
out  the  project.  He  secured  a  small  factory  at  South 
Hadley  and  began  operations.  The  venture  was  a  suc- 
cess from  the  very  start.  It  was  not  long  before  he 
required  more  room,  and  then  he  removed  his  business 
to  Chicopee   Falls,   where  he  has  since  conducted  it. 


EUGENE   J.    O'NEIL 


Mr.  O'Neil  is  an  ideal  type  of  man  for  a  candidate.  He 
has  an  uncommonly  shrewd  political  judgment,  is  en- 
dowed with  no  little  ability,  and  has  mastered  the  secret 
of  the  art  of  being  popular  with  the  people  of  all  parties. 
He  was  elected  representative  upon  nomination  of  the 
Democrats  in  1890,  and  he  made  an  excellent  record  in 
the  Legislature.  He  was  renominated  in  1891  and  re- 
elected. An  attempt  was  made  to  defeat  him  for  a  third 
term,  in  accordance  with  the  usual  custom,  and  it  re- 
sulted in  one  of  the 
most  interesting  cau- 
cuses ever  held  in 
Chicopee,  Mr. 
O'Neil  receiving  an 
overwhelming  major- 
ity. Mr.  O' Neil's 
political  popularity 
was  gained  by  his  fa- 
mous fight  for  the 
Willimansett  Bridge, 
and  his  success  was 
considered  a  great 
victory  for  the  peo- 
ple. He  has  always 
paid  personal  atten- 
tion to  the  interests 
of  the  people  whom 
h  e  represented  i  n 
the  Legislature.  Mr. 
( I'Neil  is  the  son  of 
William  and  Joanna 
(Cur  ran)  O'Neil. 
On  Dec.  27,  1881, 
he  married  Mary  A. 
Hederman,  daughter 
of  Edmond  and  Jo- 
anna ( Lynch)  He- 
derman. Mr.  O'Neil 
is  prominent  in 
church  and  social 
circles.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  organist  of  St.  Pat- 
rick's Church,  of  which  he  is  also  a  member.  He  is 
also  a  teacher  of  music.  He  has  been  connected  with 
the  Father  Mathew  Temperance  Society  for  twenty 
two  years,  and  was  its  president  for  many  years.  Not 
many  young  men  in  the  State  have  been  such  useful 
citizens  and  rendered  such  valuable  services  to  the  com- 
munity. Mr.  O'Neil's  success  in  business  affairs  has 
been  founded  on  his  own  talents  and  industry. 


CHICOPEE. 


439 


DANIEL  DUNN  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  and 
respected  citizens  of  Chicopee  Falls, — a  man 
who  has  often  been  called  upon  to  serve  the  public,  and 
who  has  always  generously  responded  to  the  call.  He 
is  a  type  of  that  class  of  public-spirited  citizens  who 
believe  that  the  welfare  of  their  country  should  take  the 
precedence  over  personal  and  business  affairs.  Mr. 
Dunn  has  been  eminently  successful,  both  in  his  private 
and  his  public  life.  He  was  born,  June  3,  1835,  in  the 
parish  of  Aughavoe, 
Queen's  County,  Ire- 
land, the  son  of  Dan- 
iel and  Margaret 
(Bergan)  Dunn.  He 
came  to  this  country 
with  his  parents  in 
i85i,his  school-days 
having  been  confined 
to  the  earlier  years 
in  his  native  coun- 
try. The  family  went 
to  Paterson,  N.  J., 
on  their  arrival  in 
this  country.  There, 
with  his  father  and 
brothers,  he  began 
work  in  Morrow's 
woollen  mill.  In 
1859  Mr.  Dunn  ac- 
cepted a  position  at 
Maiden,  Mass.,  as 
overseer  in  the  fin- 
ishing department  of 
Cochran  &  McAllis- 
ter's print  work.  He 
went  to  Chicopee 
Falls  in  1862,  where, 
for  twenty-eight  years 
he  was  overseer  of 
the  Chicopee  Manu- 
facturing Company's  finishing  department.  For  a  num- 
ber of  years  he  conducted  a  hardware  and  grocery 
business  in  Chicopee  Falls.  He  is  now  retired  from 
active  business.  Mr.  Dunn  has  always  been  a  shrewd 
business  man.  He  has,  at  various  times,  been  interested 
in  a  large  number  of  enterprises,  and  is  closely  identified 
with  the  material  growth  of  the  city.  Since  his  retire- 
ment from  business  he  has  remained  a  stockholder  in 
the  Chicopee  Manufacturing'  Company    and    in   other 


DANIEL   DUNN 


concerns.  He  is  a  large  real  estate  owner  in  Chicopee 
and  in  Springfield,  his  combined  property  being  valued 
at  about  Si 00,000.  Mr.  Dunn  has  lived  in  Chicopee 
Falls  for  thirty  years.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a 
Democrat.  Before  the  city  was  incorporated  he  served 
the  town  as  selectman,  and  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
Chicopee  Falls  Savings  Bank  since  its  organization. 
He  has  also  been  a  member  of  the  Father  Mathew 
Temperance  Society  for  the  past  twenty-four  years,  and 

has    been    president 
of  St.  Patrick's  con- 
ference   of    the    St. 
Vincent  de  Paul  So- 
ciety since  its  organ- 
ization, fifteen  years 
ago.      Mr.    Dunn    is 
also  treasurer  of  Par- 
ticular Council  of  St. 
Vincent  de  Paul  So- 
ciety  of   Springfield, 
and  for  twenty  years 
has  taken  an   active 
interest    in  the  Sun- 
day-school of  St. 
Patrick's    Church   at 
Chicopee  Falls.    Mr. 
Dunn   married   Miss 
Catherine      E.     Ma- 
honey,  of  Boston, 
Feb.  12,  1868.   They 
have    had    five    chil- 
dren, the  two  oldest 
of     whom  —  Daniel 
and    Mary  —  are 
dead.     Of  the  living, 
Margarel,    aged 
twenty  one,  a  gradu- 
ate of   Notre   Dame 
College  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,   is    at   home ; 
William,  aged  twenty,  educated  at  Holy  Cross  College, 
Worcester,  Mass.,  is  in  company  with  W.  F.  O'Neill  in 
the  clothing  business,    and    Callistus,  aged    sixteen,    is 
still  attending  school.     Mr.  Dunn,  while  not  neglecting 
his  duties  to  his  adopted   country,  has  always  taken  a 
lively  interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  native  country,  and 
has   been   one    of   the    active  supporters  of   the    Irish 
National   cause.     In   church   work   at   Chicopee    Fallii 
Mr.  Dunn  has  been  very  prominent. 


NORTHAMPTON,  or  as  it  is  familiarly  known  throughout  the  Connecticut  valley,  the  "  Meadow  City,"  was 
founded  in  1653,  when  settlers  at  Springfield,  Hartford  and  Windsor  petitioned  the  General  Court  for 
permission  to  plant  a  settlement  at  Nonotuck,  the  Indian  name  by  which  the  site  of  the  present  city  was  then 
known.  John  Pynchon,  the  son  of  the  founder  of  Springfield  and  Roxbury,  and  his  son-in-law,  Elizur  Holyoke, 
with  Samuel  Chapin,  fostered  the  scheme  ;  the  petition  was  granted,  and  they  were  appointed  commissioners  to  lay 
out  the  new  settlement.  The  land  was  purchased,  but  only  eight  of  the  twenty-four  petitioners  settled  there. 
The  Indian  grantors  remained  friendly  until  King  Philip's  War,  when  they  joined  the  hostile  savages,  but  the  town 
suffered  only  one  attack.  The  savages,  however,  kept  the  settlers  uneasy  almost  until  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolutionary  War,  in  which  the  town  sustained  its  part,  as  it  did  in  the  later  struggles  of  the  country. 

Excepting  these  events,  the  experience  of  the  town,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  eighteenth  century  and 
beginning  of  the  present  one,  was  much  the  same  as  other  New  England  settlements,  the  town  continuing  to  grow 
until,  in  1824,  it  was  the  largest  in  the  State.  Now  it  is  a  city  of  about  fifteen  thousand  population,  and  is 
accorded  the  twenty-fifth  place  among  the  cities  of  the  "Bay  State,"  but  still  ranks  with  the  leaders  in  the 
beauty  of  its  surroundings  and  intellectuality  of  its  atmosphere. 

The  city  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Connecticut,  seventeen  miles  above  Springfield,  under  the  very  brows 
of  Mount  Tom  and  Mount  Holyoke.  Edward  Everett  once  described  the  view  from  the  city  as  finer  than  that 
on  the  Rhine  or  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Blanc.  But  more  to  Northampton's  glory  is  the  fame  of  her  institu- 
tions and  her  sons.  Foremost  among  the  former  is  Smith  College,  for  girls,  which  was  founded  under  the  provi- 
sions of  the  will  of  Miss  Sophia  Smith,  of  Hadley,  who  left  §400,000  for  the  purpose,  in  1870.  The  first  building 
was  completed  in  1874,  and  since  then  many  fine  structures  have  been  erected,  until  now  the  college  campus  is 
dotted  with  handsome  buildings,  and  six  hundred  girls  are  educated  there.  Along  the  same  line  is  the  Mary  A. 
Burnham  Classical  School  for  girls,  the  Round  Hill  School  for  girls,  over  which  Bancroft,  the  historian,  presided 
for  years,  and  a  model  high  school.  Another  important  educational  institution  is  the  Clarke  Institute  for  Deaf 
Mutes,  endowed  by  John  Clarke  in  1867,  and  to  which  he  gave  §275,000. 

The  State  is  also  vitally  interested  in  the  city,  for  the  State  Lunatic  Hospital,  a  magnificent  building  situated 
in  an  iron-fenced  park  of  four  hundred  acres,  is  located  there.  The  Dickinson  Hospital  is  a  monument  to  the 
memory  of  Caleb  Cooley  Dickinson.  Another  institution  is  the  Shady  Lawn  Sanitarium,  which  is  designed  for 
wealthy  invalids.  A  memorial  hall  and  public  library  are  also  features  of  the  city.  A  fitting  conclusion  to  this  list 
is  a  mention  of  the  Smith  charities,  which  have  proved  a  godsend  to  many  people.  The  charities  were  founded 
by  Oliver  Smith  who,  in  1845,  bequeathed  to  the  care  of  eight  trustees  the  sum  of  $200,000,  which  was  to  be  left 
until  it  had  doubled.  Of  this  amount  §30,000  was  set  aside  until  1905,  when  it  is  to  found  the  Smith  Agricultural 
College ;  §360,000  was  reserved,  the  income  from  which  is  to  be  paid  to  apprentices,  young  women  and  indigent 
widows,  while  the  remainder  forms  a  contingent  account  to  defray  expenses.  The  will  went  into  effect  in  1848, 
and  since  then  more  than  §1,200,000  has  been  paid  out  as  provided. 

Northampton  is  the  birthplace  of  many  men  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  State  and  nation.  .Among  the 
former  were  Caleb  Strong,  an  early  governor  of  the  State  ;  Isaac  Bates,  congressman  ;  Elijah  H.  Mills,  congressman 
and  senator;  Rev.  Dr.  Timothy  Dwight ;  Benjamin  Tappan,  jurist;  Phineas  .Allen,  editor;  George  H.  Clark,  poet; 
Henry  Lyman,  author ;  Josiah  Dwight  Whitney,  geologist ;  William  Dwight  Whitney,  philologist ;  Austin  Flint,  author 
and  physician ;  while  William  Cullen  Bryant,  Historian  George  Bancroft  and  Jenny  Lind  were  prominent  figures 
on  her  streets  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  and  William  Lloyd  Garrison  often  expounded  his  abolition  theories 
to  the  citizens  of  the  place.  George  W.  Cable  now  lives  there.  The  chief  historical  events  of  the  century  were 
the  Mill  River  flood  in  1S74,  when  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  lives  were  lost,  and  the  great  Northampton  National 
Bank  robbery  in  1876. 


NOR  THAMPTON. 


441 


JOHN    B.    O'DONNELL,    mayor   of    Northampton, 
was  born  in  the  county  of  Kerry,  Ireland,  Sept.  8, 
1846,  and   is  the  son  of   the    late   James  and  Bridget 
(Herlihy)  O'Donnell.    Mayor  O'Donnell  was  married  to 
Bridget  T.  Coughlin  in  1869,  but  his  wife  died  in  1887, 
leaving  him  with  five  children,  all  boys,  who  are  now 
living.     Two  of  them,  James  C.  and  George  P.  O'Don- 
nell, graduated  from  Holy  Cross  College  in  the  class  of 
1892,  and  are  now  (1892)  taking  a  course  of  medicine 
in  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons 
in    New   York   City. 
Maj'or   O'Donnell 
emigrated  to   this 
country  with  his  par- 
ents in  1 85 1  and  set- 
tled in  Northampton, 
where  he  has  resided 
ever   since.     It    was 
in  this  city  that  young 
O'Donnell    attended 
school    for   the    first 
time,   but   early  had 
to  give  up  to  go  to 
work    in    the    mills, 
.^t  the  age  of  twelve 
he  worked  in  a  cot- 
ton  mill,   putting   in 
more    than    thirteen 
hours  e\ery  day  for 
the  very  small    sum 
of  twenty-five  cents. 
He  was  steadily  ad- 
vanced   in    position 
and  wages   until,   in 
1863,  he  left  the  mill 
to  work  at  gun  mak- 
ing.    In  1864  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of 
the  Florence  Sewing 

Machine  Company,  where  he  remained  until  1872,  when 
he  opened  a  store  in  Florence.  This  line  of  work  was 
followed  until  1874  when,  to  realize  his  ambition,  he 
began  the  study  of  law  with  his  brother,  Ex-City  Soli- 
citor T.  B.  O'Donnell,  of  Holyoke.  In  anticipation  of 
this  course.  Mayor  O'Donnell  had  been  preparing  him- 
self by  attendance  at  the  evening  schools  from  the  time 
he  entered  the  cotton  factory,  and  later  by  private  les- 
sons.    He  graduated  from  the  Boston  University  Law 


JOHN    B.    O'DONNELL 


School  in  1877,  and  then  took  a  postgraduate  course, 
being  admitted  to  the  Hampshire  County  bar  the  follow- 
ing year.  He  immediately  opened  an  office  in  North- 
ampton, and  has  been  in  constant  practice  in  that 
city.  Mayor  O'Donnell  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  all 
public  and  political  affairs,  and  has  been  prominent  in 
both  fields.  He  was  a  member  of  the  committee 
appointed  to  build  town  sewers  and  of  the  City  Charter 
Committee.     In    1884   he  was    a  member  of   the   first 

Common  Council  of 
the  city  of  North- 
ampton, but  declined 
re-election.  He  was 
elected  an  assessor 
for  three  years  in 
1887,  but  resigned 
to  take  a  European 
trip  in  1889.  He 
was  the  Democratic 
nominee  for  mayor 
in  1890,  but  was  de- 
feated by  a  small  ma- 
jority. The  follow- 
ing year  he  was  again 
nominated  and  was 
elected.  His  admin- 
istration of  munici- 
pal affairs  was  a  most 
able  one.  He  is 
rather  independent 
in  politics,  although 
for  a  long  time  sec- 
retary and  treasurer 
of  the  Democratic 
City  Committee,  but 
he  bolted  the  nomi- 
nation of  Grover 
Cleveland  in  1884. 
He  did  not  take  much 
interest  in  politics 
after  that  until  1890,  after  the  passage  of  the  McKinley 
Bill.  He  was  nominated  as  Democratic  presidential 
elector  in  1892.  Mayor  O'Donnell  is  a  strict  and 
aggressive  temperance  man,  and  was  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Father  Mathew  Society  of  Northampton, 
which  is  a  valuable  organization  in  that  city.  Mayor 
O'Donnell  has  accompHshed  much  in  various  ways  for 
the  welfare  of  Northampton,  and  is  known  throughout 
the  State  as  one  of  her  most  useful  citizens. 


442 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CHARLES  NATHANIEL  CLARK,  than  whom 
Northampton  has  no  citizen  with  a  brighter  past 
or  more  promising  future,  was  born  in  that  city,  April 
4,  1S53,  and  has  since  resided  there.  He  is  literally  a 
child  of  Northampton,  for  his  parents,  Charles  and  ALiry 
(Strong)  Clark,  were  both  descendants  of  the  earliest 
settlers  of  that  city.  The  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  provided  the  intellectual  food  for  the  boyhood 
period  of  Mr.  Clark's  life,  and  the  high  school,  from 
which  he    graduated 

i  n     1869,    furnished  _ 

the  finishing  touches 
of  his  local  scholastic 
career.  LIpon  grad- 
uating from  the  high 
school  he  entered 
Amherst  College  and 
graduated  with  the 
class  of  1873.  Mr. 
Clark  had  already 
decided  upon  a  legal 
career,  but  after  grad- 
uating took  up  teach- 
ing for  a  year,  which 
time  he  spent  in  the 
Hitchcock  free  high 
school  in  Brimfield. 
In  1875  he  began  to 
read  law  in  the  office 
of  Delano  &  Ham- 
mond in  Northamp- 
ton, one  of  the  largest 
law  firms  in  the  West- 
ern part  of  the  State. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1877,  and 
at  once  began  the 
practice  of  his  jiro- 
fession  in  his  native 
city,  being  admitted 

to  practice  in  the  United  States  courts  three  years  later. 
Mr.  Clark  has  had  considerable  ])olitical  experience  at 
the  hands  of  the  Republican  party,  of  which  he  is,  and 
always  has  been,  a  stanch  supporter.  He  has  also  been 
a  worker,  and  has  done  much  for  the  success  of  that 
party.  Not  a  little  of  this  was  accom]jlished  during 
his  eight  years'  membership  of  the  Town  and  City  Com- 
mittee, and  his  two  years  on  the  State  Central  Commit- 
tee.    He  represented  the  First  Hampshire  District   in 


CHARLES    N.    CLARK 


the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  during  the 
years  1883,  1884  and  1885,  and  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
upper  branch  of  the  Legislature  in  1887  and  1888  from 
the  Berkshire-Hampshire  senatorial  district.  While  a 
member  of  the  General  Court  he  was  honored  by  appoint- 
ments on  various  committees,  among  which  were  the 
Judiciary,  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  and  Troy  and  Greenfield 
Railroad,  Claims,  Mercantile  Affairs,  Public  Service  and 
Bills^in  the  Third  Reading.     He  has  also  been  honored 

at    home,  a  n  d   h  a  s 
served  as  a  member 
of  the  School  Com- 
mittee for  a  number 
of   years.     In    every 
public  capacity   Mr. 
Clark  has  shown  the 
qualities  of  a  valuable 
legislator.     Mr. 
Clark  has  also  been 
prominent  in  the 
mercantile  and  i  n- 
dustrial    life  of    the 
city,  and  has  a  good 
standing    in    both 
fields.     He  is  presi- 
dent of   the    Hamp- 
shire   Mutual    Fire 
Insurance  Company, 
and   is    likewise 
treasurer   of   the 
Northampton    Paper 
C  o  m  p  a  n  y,   and    a 
director   of    the 
Northampton    C  u  t- 
lery  Company.     Be- 
siiles  these  jiositions, 
he  holds  a  director- 
ship   in    the    North- 
ampton  National 
Bank,  and  has  been 
treasurer  of  Smith  College,  since  June,  1888,  and  is  a 
trustee  of  the  Northampton  Institution  for  Savings.     He 
is  also  interested  in  the  First  Congregational   Church, 
following  the  faith  of  his  ancestors,  and  was  for  several 
years  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Assessors  of  that  parish. 
This,  briefly,  is  the  life  history  of  one  who  seems  assured 
of   a  broader  recognition  at   the  hands  of   his    fellow- 
citizens    in  the  future   and    who   has  already   acquitted 
himself  most  creditably. 


NOR  THAMPTON. 


443 


GENERAL  JOHN  LORD  OTIS,  one  of  the  promi- 
nent citizens  of    Hampshire  County  and  of  the 
State,   is   a   Connecticut  boy    by  birth,  and  spent  the 
earlier  years  of  his  life  in  that  State.     He  was  born  in 
Lyme,  New  London  County,  July  15,   1S27,  his  parents 
being  Hayden  K.  and  Mary  (Lord)  Otis.     The  earlier 
years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  a  cotton  factory,  which  he 
entered  before  he  was  eight  years    old,  working  nearly 
fourteen  hours  per  day.     His  education,  including  his 
knowledge    of   m  e  - 
chanical  engineering, 
for  w  h  i  c  h  h  e  h  a  d 
great    aptitude,   was 
largely   acquired    by 
study  out  of  employ- 
ment hours.  In  185  i 
he  became   superin- 
tendent   of   the    Pa- 
cific    Manufacturing 
Company   at  M  a  n  - 
Chester,   Conn.,   re- 
maining  with    that 
corporation   for   five 
years.      He    left    t  o 
establish     the     Otis 
Manufacturing  Com- 
pany at  South  Man- 
chester.     While     in 
charge    of    this  con- 
cern General  Otis  put 
in  operation  for  Che- 
ney Brothers,  of  that 
place,  the    first    ma- 
chinery for  the  maim- 
facture    of    silk   and 
wool  knit  goods  ever 
operated  in  this  coun- 
try.    The    breaking 
out  of  the  war  drew 
General  Otis   away 

from  his  chosen  business  for  a  time,  for  after  the  first 
battle  of  Bull  Run  he  enlisted  as  a  private  soldier  in 
the  Tenth  Regiment  of  the  Connecticut  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, and  started  for  the  front.  By  heroic  service  he 
won  many  promotions,  passing  through  the  different 
grades,  until  in  February,  1863,  he  was  advanced  to  a 
colonelcy.  When  he  was  mustered  out  of  the  army, 
after  three  years  and  four  months  of  service,  he  carried 
home    the    title    of   brevet  brigadier-general.     General 


JOHN    L.    OTIS. 


Otis  had  a  long  and  exciting  war  experience.  He  took 
part  in  all  of  Burnside's  and  Foster's  engagements  in 
North  Carolina,  and  in  1863  was  engaged  with  General 
P'oster's  army  in  its  work  in  South  Carolina.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  was  ordered  to  service  in  Virginia,  and 
joined  the  Army  of  the  James.  In  all  of  his  army  ex- 
perience General  Otis  showed  himself  to  be  the  true 
soldier,  and  the  scars  of  three  wounds,  one  received  at 
Newbern,  and  two  at  Kingston,  serve    to  keep  fresh  in 

memory  the  dangers 
of    his    long    ca  m  - 
paign.     He  returned 
to  his  chosen  profes- 
sion at  the  close  of 
the  war,  and  became 
superintendent  of  the 
Florence  Sewing  Ma- 
chine   Company     at 
Florence,    Mass., 
where    h  e   remained 
for  three    years,    or 
until    he  established 
the  Northampton 
Kmery  Wheel  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  is 
treasurer.  General 
Otis  is  held   in  high 
esteem  by  his  fellow- 
townsmen,    and    has 
often  been    honoreil 
by  election  to  office. 
He  is  a   standi  Re- 
publican, and  one  of 
the    party's    leaders. 
He  was  a  selectman, 
assessor    and    over- 
seer  of  the  poor  in 
Northampton  in 
1875-76,  and  a  year 
later   was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives,  serving 
on  the  Committee  on  Military  .\ffairs.     He  was  elected 
to  the  State    Senate  in  1879,  and  re-elected    the    next 
year,  at  both   times  serving  on  important  committees. 
He  made  a  most  honorable  record  as  a  legislator,  per- 
forming valuable  ser\ice  for  his  constituents  and  for  the 
State.     General  Otis   was  married,  March    i,   1847,  to 
Catherine,  daughter  of  Cyrus  Preston,  of  South  Hadley, 
and  has  two  children. 


444 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


N(  )RTHAMPTON     has    always    been     particularly 
strong   in    her   representatives    of    the    law   and 
letters,  and   many  shining  lights  in  the  former  profes- 
sion have  had  their  birth  or  early  business  experiences 
in  the  "  Meadow  City."    The  city  still  has  its  prominent 
disciples  of  Blackstone,  and  among  them  may  be  classed 
Richard  W.  Irwin,  the  present  city  solicitor,  and  a  rep- 
resentative of  the  younger  generation.     Mr.  Irwin  was 
born  in  Northampton,  Feb.  i8,  1857,  where  his  parents, 
William    and    Mary 
Irwin,  resided.     His 
early    schooling   was 
obtained  in  the  pub- 
lic   schools   of    that 
city,    where     he 
learned   just   enough 
to  be  imbued  with  a 
desire   to  go  to  col- 
lege.    At  that   time, 
however,    the    plan 
seemed    out    of    the 
question,  as  he  was 
too    poor,    but   the 
idea  always  remained 
and   years  afterward 
bore   fruit.     He  im- 
mediately  went    to 
work  at  the  trade  of 
a  machinist  in  Flor- 
ence,   and    having 
mastered    it    moved 
to    Elgin,    111.,    in 
1876,  where  he  went 
to   work   in  the  ma- 
chine department  of 
the   Elgin   Watch 
Factory.     He   re- 
mained   there    two 
and    one  -  half  years, 
resigning  his  position 

to  return  to  Natick,  where  he  engaged  in  the  house  fur- 
nishing business  with  his  brother,  T.  L.  Irwin.  The 
bent  of  his  nature,  however,  was  not  in  a  mercantile 
direction.  He  always  had  a  desire  to  read  law,  and  to 
consummate  that  plan  he  left  the  furniture  business  in 
1882,  and  entered  Boston  University,  from  which  he 
graduated  with  honors  and  the  degree  LL.  R.  in  June; 
1885.  He  had  planned  to  locate  in  the  West  after 
receiving  his  diploma,Mjut  sickness  in  his  family  com- 


pelled him   to  return    to   Northampton,   where   he   has 
since  practised  very  successfully.     ^Vhile  an  enthusiastic 
Republican,  Mr.  Irwin  has   paid   more  attention  to  the 
practice    of   his    profession    than    to    political   battling, 
although   he   has  ever  stood  ready  to  serve  his  party  in 
the  field,  and  has  done  some  valiant  service.     He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Republican  City  Committee  for 
the  past  six  years,  and  has  "stumped  "  the  district  for 
the   Republican  ticket.     He   is  one  of  the  most  con- 
vincing    Republican 
speakers  in  the  State. 
He    has    declined 
nomination    to    the 
Legislature    on    sev- 
eral occasions  rather 
than  have  such  honor 
conflict  with  his  law 
business,    and,    as   a 
consequence,  his  cli- 
entele  has  grown  to 
fl  a  1 1  e  r  i  n  g  propor- 
tions.    His  selection 
as   city   solicitor  for 
three     consecutive 
terms    has    also   ex- 
tended  h  i  s    reputa- 
tion, and  has  added 
not  a  little   to  his 
legal    business.     Mr. 
1  r  w  i  n    was   also    a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mon Council  of  the 
City  Covernment  for 
two   years,   one   of 
which  he  was  presi- 
dent   of    the    board. 
He    has   shown   a 
great  interest  in  mat- 
ters   relating   to    the 
military,  and  is  now 
captain  of  Company  I,  Second  Regiment,  Massachusetts 
Volunteer  Militia.     His  recreation  consists  of  his  duties 
in  society  and  a  devotion   to  music,  which  is  a  talent 
with   him,  and   which   has  led    him   to  sing  in   several 
church  choirs  at  various  times.     Mr.  Irwin  was  married, 
Nov.  16,  1892,  to  Miss  Florence  E.  Bangs,  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  W.  Bangs,  the  former  being  a  pros- 
perous  merchant    of   Springfield,  where  the   ceremony 
took  place. 


RICHARD    W.    IRWIN. 


NORTHAMPTON. 


445 


AMONG  the  many  men  who  ha\e  contributed  to  the 
fame  of  Northampton,  as  an  educational  centre, 
none  deserve   public   recognition  to   a   greater   degree 
than  Lewis  Joel  Dudley,  president  of  the  Clarke  Institu- 
tion for  Deaf  Mutes.     Mr.  Dudley  was  born  in  Guilford, 
Conn.,  Nov.  ii,   1815,  his  parents  being  Joel  and  Har- 
riet (Griswold)  Dudley.     Like  many  other  boys,  he  was 
brought  up  and  worked  on  a  farm,  during  his  early  boy- 
hood, attending  the  district  school  during  the  winter. 
He    early  decided 
upon  a  college  course 
and   began   prepara- 
tion  in  the  Guilford 
Academy   and     con- 
tinued it  in  the  acad- 
emy at  Berlin,  in  the 
same    State.     At  the 
age    of    nineteen   he 
entered  Yale,   in  the 
class  of  1838,  and  in 
the    face    of    many 
difficulties,  including 
an  almost  fatal  illness 
during    his   junior 
year,  graduated  with 
his    class.     After  his 
matriculation  he 
taught    the    Lewis 
Academy    at    South- 
ington.    Conn.,  for  a 
year,  and  the  Brainard 
Academy   at    H  a  d- 
dam    in    t  h  e    same 
State.      In    1840    he 
became    a    tutor    at 
Yale,   giving  instruc- 
tion in  Latin  the  first 
year   and    in    Greek 
for    the    next    five 
years.      His    instruc- 
tion in  Greek  was    highly  complimented   by   Professor 
James  Hadley,  who  said  that  it  was  of  permanent  value, 
to  the  college,  in  elevating  the  standard  of  instruction 
in  this  department.     While  during  this  work  he  attended 
lectures    on   theology,  moral    government    and    mental 
philosophy.     He    gave   up   his   tutorship   in    1846  and 
entered  the  Yale  Law  School,  and  a  year  later  received 
the  degree  of  bachelor  of  laws.      For  a  year  he  read 
law  in  the  office  of  Hungerford  &  Cone,  in  Hartford,  and 


^ 


^^. 


LEWIS   J,    DUDLEY. 


was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848,  but  disliking  the 
pleadings  of  that  time  he  gave  up  the  law  and  opened 
a  classical  school  in  Northampton,  to  prepare  boys  for 
college.  This  institution  was  a  great  success,  and  dur- 
ing its  fourteen  years  of  life  received  pupils  from  every 
State  in  the  Lhiion.  During  the  war  Mr.  Dudley  aided 
greatly  in  the  enlistment  of  soldiers,  besides  doing 
much  for  their  comfort  in  the  field.  In  politics  Mr. 
Dudley  is  an    independent    Republican.     In    1864    he 

was  elected    to    the 
Massachusetts    State 
Senate  and  was  made 
a  member  of  the  State 
Valuation      Commit- 
tee.      In   the    years 
1865,  1866  and  1867, 
and    again    in    1873, 
he     was     elected     a 
representative  to  the 
General  Court.    Dur- 
ing    his     tenure    of 
office    in     1867,    he 
took   a   leading  part 
in  securing  a  charter 
for   Clarke  Institute, 
which      has     been 
brought     to     a     high 
state    of    e.xcellence, 
since  his  election  to 
the     presidency,     in 
1883.       Mr.   Dudley 
was   also   largely  in- 
strumental   in    the 
construction    of    the 
Massachusetts     Cen- 
tral    R  a  i  1 1  u  a  d    to 
Northampton,     a  n  d 
was  a  director  of  that 
corporation  for  thir- 
teen   years.       Mr. 
Dudley  was  married,  in   May,    1851,  to  Theresa  Hunt 
Bates,  daughter   of    the   late   Hon.    Isaac    C.  Bates,  of 
Northampton,  and  a  colleague  of  Daniel  Webster  in  the 
United  States  Senate.     Two  children   have  been  born 
to  them,  Theresa  Bates,  who  died  Sept.  20,  1853,  and 
Etta  Theresa,  the  wife  of  Wallace  Holbrook  Krause,  of 
Boston.     President  Dudley's   services  in  the   cause  of 
deaf-mute  education  and  in  other  fields  have  gained  for 
him  a  national  reputation. 


WALTHAM  is  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  prettiest  manufacturing  cities  in  the  Commonwealth.  It  is  located 
on  the  banks  of  the  Charles  River,  ten  miles  from  Boston,  and  the  heart  of  the  city  is  a  plain  surrounded 
by  a  series  of  hills,  of  which  Mt.  Prospect  is  the  largest  and  best  known.  The  river  divides  the  city  into  two  parts, 
connected  with  a  series  of  bridges,  making  access  to  all  parts  of  the  city  very  easy.  The  river  is  itself  a  great 
attraction,  and,  from  the  point  known  as  the  Moody  Street  bridge  up  as  far  as  Newton  Lower  Falls,  there  is  more 
pleasure  boating  than  can  be  found  on  any  sheet  of  water  in  New  England.  It  is  visited  by  thousands  of  strangers 
each  summer.  Steam  launches,  row-boats  and  canoes  make  a  fleet  of  nearly  eight  hundred  pleasure  craft.  The 
streets  are  well  taken  care  of,  and  the  houses,  of  a  superior  class,  are  nearly  all  owned  by  the  occupants.  Main 
Street,  on  the  north  side  of  the  town,  is  the  oldest  main  thoroughfare,  and  for  this  reason  the  buildings  are  not  of 
so  imposing  a  character  as  those  on  Moody  Street  on  the  south  side.  A  notable  improvement  has,  however,  been 
made  in  the  last  few  years  by  the  erection  of  several  new  brick  blocks.  The  water  supply  is  the  best  in  the  State, 
the  reservoir  being  supplied  by  springs  that  were  accidentally  discovered  while  digging  the  filtering  basin  on  the 
north  side  of  the  river.  The  health  of  the  city  is  excellent,  and  the  recent  completion  of  the  Metro])olitan 
sewerage  system,  which  includes  Waltham  in  its  scope,  will  tend  to  decrease  the  death  rate. 

Waltham  was  incorporated  as  a  town  on  Jan.  4,  1738,  old  style;  by  the  modern  calendar,  Jan.  15,  1738. 
Its  history  for  the  first  century  of  its  settlement  is  so  blended  with  that  of  the  parent  town  of  Watertown  that  it  is 
difficult  to  separate  the  incidents  of  its  existence  at  that  period.  Within  its  limits  is  the  newly  discovered  city  of 
Norumbega,  the  site  being  marked  by  a  stone  tower  erected  by  Professor  Horsford,  who  claimed  that  it  was 
founded  at  the  time  of  Leif  Ericson's  discovery  of  the  New  World. 

Waltham's  growth,  owing  to  a  combination  of  circumstances,  the  principal  one  being  the  lack  of  railroad 
facilities,  was  of  a  slow  nature  until  within  the  last  twenty  years.  Since  then  there  has  been  a  great  change,  and 
the  prosperity  of  the  city  has  been  great,  although  not  of  a  mushroom  character.  In  1884  the  town  was  incorpo- 
rated as  a  city,  the  charter  being  granted  by  the  Legislature  on  June  2,  and  accepted  by  vote  of  the  people  in 
July  of  that  year.  It  was  the  first  city  in  the  Commonwealth  to  adopt  a  one-board  form  of  local  government. 
The  population,  according  to  the  last  national  census,  was  18,533,  and  it  is  now  over  20,000. 

The  schools  of  Waltham  have  always  been  kept  up  to  a  high  standard  of  excellence  ;  the  reason  for  its 
separation  from  Watertown,  of  which  it  was  once  a  portion,  being  because  of  the  lack  of  school  accommodations 
in  that  section  of  the  town.  The  schools  now  rank  with  the  best  in  the  State.  The  public  library  contains  18,000 
volumes.  Waltham  depends  upon  its  manufactures  for  its  wealth,  although  on  the  north  side  of  the  town  are 
some  magnificent  farms  and  some  estates  used  as  country  residences.  The  Waltham  Watch  Company  is  the 
largest  watch  factory  in  the  world,  employing  three  thousand  hands,  with  a  daily  output  of  three  thousand  complete 
watch  movements.  The  company  has  $3,000,000  of  capital,  and  is  very  pros]ierous.  The  United  States  Watch 
Company  was  incorporated  in  1885,  employs  three  hundred  hands,  and  is  now  on  a  paying  basis. 

The  cotton  factory,  the  Boston  Manufacturing  Company,  was  the  first  cotton  factory  in  the  United  States  to 
take  the  raw  material  and  furnish  a  finished  product.  It  was  established  in  1813,  and  it  speaks  volumes  for  the 
management  that  there  has  never  been  a  strike  by  the  employees.  A  bleachery  is  connected  with  the  mills.  The 
mills  have  a  capacity  of  100,000  yards  of  cloth  per  day,  and  the  underwear  department  turns  out  150,000  garments 
per  year.  Other  important  manufactories  include  the  Davis  &  Farnum  Manufacturing  Company,  established  in 
1844,  which  have  a  capacity  of  melting  thirty-five  tons  of  metal  per  day;  the  \Valtham  Emery  Wheel  Company; 
the  Waltham  Gas  and  Electric  Light  Company ;  the  Judson  L.  Thompson  Manufacturing  Company,  manufacturers 
of  metal  buckles  ;  the  American  Watch  Tool  Comjiany  and  the  Parmenter  Crayon  Company.  There  are  also  several 
other  small  factories. 


WAL  THAM. 


447 


GEORGE  LOWELL  MAYBERRY  was  born  in 
Edgartown,  Mass.,  in  1859,  and  is  a  son  of  Dr. 
Edwin  and  Leonora  Mayberry.  After  leaving  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  place  he  finished  his  preparation 
for  college  under  the  instruction  of  his  father,  and 
entered  Harvard  College  in  1878.  (Graduating  from 
college  in  1882,  he  immediatelv  began  the  study  of  law, 
graduated  from  the  law  school  of  Boston  University 
in  1885,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Boston  the 
same  year.  He  im- 
mediately began  the 
practice  of  law  with 
his  brother-in-law, 
Horatio  N.  A  11  in, 
having  offices  in 
Walthani  and  Boston, 
and  has  continued 
this  arrangement  to 
the  present  time. 
In  1887  he  married 
Mary  A.  Atchinson  of 
Jericho,  Vt.,  and  has 
three  children.  Mr. 
Mayberry's  first  pub- 
lic office  was  that  of 
city  solicitor  of 
Waltham,  to  which 
he    was    elected    in 

1889.  Having  held 
this  office  for  two 
years  he  resigned  it 
to  accept  the  office 
of  mayor,  to  which 
he    was    elected    in 

1890.  He  served 
the  city  as  mayor 
during  1891  and 
1892,  and  at  the 
close  of  his  second 
term  declined  to  be 

again  a  candidate  on  account  of  the  increasing  demands 
of  his  law  business,  to  which  he  has  since  given  his 
exclusive  attention.  Though  a  resident  of  Waltham 
only  since  1884,  Mr.  Mayberry  has  gained  the  confi- 
dence of  the  people  of  his  adopted  city  in  a  marked 
degree.  His  rapid  progress  seems  the  more  creditable 
when  it  is  known  that  he  is  naturally  of  a  retiring  dispo- 
sition, and  one  who  ever  studiously  avoids  public  notice. 
Though  a  pronounced  Republican  in  politics,  he  was 


GEORGE    L.    MAYBERRY 


elected  to  ofilice  as  a  citizens'  candidate,  and  his  admin- 
istration has  been  'liberal  and  free  from' partisanship. 
While  filling  the  oflfice  of  mayor,  Mr.  Mayberry  has 
shown  himself  a  fitting  representative  of  the  vigorous 
young  city  which  had  honored  him.  He  kept  himself 
thoroughly  in  touch  with  the  different  departments  of 
the  city,  and  his  counsel  was  eagerly  sought,  and  was 
invaluable  in  promoting  harmonious  and  efficient  work. 
He    reorganized    the    police    department,  and   brought 

about  changes  in  its 
management  which 
greatly  increased  its 
efficiency.     He    was 
largely    instrumental 
in  the  establishment 
of   a   thoroughly 
equipped    manual 
training-school   as   a 
part   of   the    public- 
school  system  of  the 
city.     During   his 
administration     the 
city   has    completed 
its  system  of  sewer- 
age, and   through  his 
efforts   important 
changes  have   been 
made  in  the  laws  of 
the  State  relating  to 
sewers,  giving  greater 
freedom  of  action  to 
the  local  authorities. 
H  e      recommended 
the  adoption  of   the 
public  park  act,  and 
the  establishment  of 
a    system    of    parks 
and  playgrounds  for 
the    city,    and    ap- 
pointed an  able  park 
commission  to  carry  out  these  views.     He  has  also  been 
a  conspicuous   advocate   of   important   changes  in  the 
city  charter,  urging  the  reorganization  of  the  executive 
departments  on  a  more  business-like  basis,  and  more  in 
accord  with  advanced  thought  on  the  problem  of  mu- 
nicipal government.     It  is  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion that  Mr.  Mayberry  has  laid  the  foundation  for  a 
successful  career.     His  work  as  a  lawyer  has  extended 
widely  through  all  branches  of  civil  business. 


448 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FM.  STONE  is  the  leading  man  in  financial  mat- 
,     ters  in  Waltham,  and  his  oi)inion  on  any  of  the 
questions  of  municipal  expenditure   is    always    sure  to 
carry  a  great  deal  of  weight.     He  has  won  this  distinc- 
tion   by  his  integrity  and  strict    attention  to   business. 
He  stands  above  all   things  for  invincible  honesty.     If 
he  gives  his  word  the  people  have  always  felt  that  they 
could  trust  him  and  that  their  faith  would  not  be  mis- 
placed.    It   is  this  one  characteristic  that  has   placed 
him  where  he  is  to- 
day and  enables  him 
to  hold   the    esteem 
of  all   of  his   fellow- 
townsmen.    He  went 
to  Waltham  and  set- 
tled  there  perma- 
nently in  September, 
1844.     The  town  was 
at    that     time     very 
small,  and  the  prac- 
tice    of   a   young 
lawyer   did    not 
amount  to  very  much. 
But  as  the  town  grew, 
so  did  his  esteem  in 
the  minds  of  the  peo- 
])le,  and  he  acquired 
interests    outside    of 
the    practice    of   law 
that    netted     a    fair 
income.    The  people 
commenced    to  look 
to  him  for  advice  in 
the    management    of 
the  town,  and  he  was 
soon  the  foremost 
citizen  in  the  place. 
During  the  early  part 
of  his  life  he  was  a 
Democrat  in  politics, 

but  soon  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  he  became, 
as  did  many  of  the  Northern  Democrats  at  that  time,  a 
Republican  and  continued  to  remain  in  the  Republican 
party  until  about  ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  when  he  openly 
announced  that  the  Republican  ])arty  was  ceasing  to 
represent  the  best  interest  of  the  ]ieople  of  the  United 
States  and  came  out  for  the  Democratic  nominees. 
Although  at  that  time  he  was  taking  no  very  active  inter- 
est   in  politics,    his    example   carrietl    a   great  deal   of 


influence  and  strengthened  the  Democratic  party  in  the 
town  considerably.  During  the  administration  of 
Buchanan,  Mr.  Stone  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Waltham,  and  during  the  war  he  held  the  office  of 
selectman  for  several  terms.  After  the  close  of  the 
war  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature  and  served 
several  terms  there  with  such  satisfaction  that  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  After  this  he  was  a  candi- 
date for  the  nomination  to  Congress,  but  in  this  he  was 

unsuccessful,     owing 
probably  to  the  fact 
that  Waltham  at  that 
time    did    not   exert 
the  influence  in  the 
congressional  district 
that   she    does  now. 
He  was  made  savings 
bank    commissioner, 
and  it  was  during  his 
administration    and 
due  in  great  part  to 
this   influence    that 
the  savings  banks  and 
the     national    banks 
were    compelled    to 
separate  and  do  busi- 
ness each  on  its  own 
basis.      The    experi- 
e  n  c  e    that    he    had 
gained     as     director 
and  president  of  the 
Waltham  National 
Bank,  and  as  director 
of  the  savings  bank, 
led  him  to  advocate 
this    measure.      His 
ability    displayed    in 
the  discharge  of  his 
duties  as  bank  com- 
missioner    attracted 
the  attention  of  Boston  capitalists,  and  when  the  Boston 
Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company  was  formed   he  was 
asked  to  take  the  presidency  of  the  institution,  an  office 
which  he  still  holds.     He  is   also  the   president  of  the 
Waltham  National  Bank  and  a  director  of  the  Waltham 
Savings  Bank.     He  married    Klizabeth   H.  Pierce,    the 
daughter  of  a  Nantucket  school-master,    and   has  two 
children,  Charles  F.  Stone,  the  treasurer  of  the  Waltham 
Savings  Bank,  and  Walter,  who  is  in  business  in  the  West. 


F.    M,    STONE 


WAI.THAM. 


449 


NATHAN  WARREN,  who  has  been  quite  prominent 
in  political  and   insurance  circles,  was   born    in 
VValtham,  Mass.,  where  he  now  resides,  Feb.  ii,  1838. 
He  is  from  old  New  England  stock,  his  ancestors  being 
among  the  earliest  settlers,  —  the  Massachusetts  Colony. 
Educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  he 
intended  to  follow  his  studies  with  a  view  to  professional 
life,  but  decided  upon  a  business  career,  entering  at  first 
a  wholesale  dry  goods  house  in  Boston  and  afterwards 
being  located  in  New 
York.     In   1862   Mr. 
Warren  responded  to 
the  call  of  his  coun- 
try, and    enlisted    in 
the  Forty-fifth  Regi- 
ment  o  f    Massachu- 
setts   Volunteers, 
known  as  the  Cadet 
Regiment,    and 
served    honorably 
during  the  period  of 
his  enlistment.    This 
regiment    was    sta- 
tioned   in   North 
Carolina,  and    took 
an  active  part  in  the 
service  of  that  State. 
He    afterwards  was 
in  service  in  the  De- 
partment of  the  Gulf 
and  in  the  War  De- 
partment in  Wash- 
ington.    At  the  close 
of  the    war    he    r  e- 
turned  to  Boston  and 
re-entered     business 
life,  engaging  in  the 
shipping  business, 
mostly  in  connection 
with   trade    with  the 

West  Indies,  South  America  and  Africa.  While  thus 
engaged  he  visited  the  last-named  part  of  the  world. 
He  has  visited  various  countries  in  Europe.  Fond  of 
travel  also  in  our  own  country,  he  has  in  the  interim  of 
business  made  quite  extensive  trips  through  the  wild 
regions  of  the  Northwest  and  across  the  plains.  For 
over  twenty  years  Mr.  Warren  has  been  identified  with 
the  Boston  agency  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Society,    and    is  at   present   resident   secretary  of  that 


NATHAN    WARREN 


institution.  He  is  also  president  of  the  Boston  Life 
Underwriters'  Association,  and  one  of  the  directors  and 
treasurer  of  the  Security  Safe  Deposit  Company.  In 
1880  and  1 88 1  he  represented  Waltham  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts Legislature  and  was  chairman  of  the  Committee 
on  Insurance.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Joint 
Special  Committee  for  the  compilation  of  the  present 
code  of  public  statutes.  He  was  for  two  years  master 
of  Monitor  Lodge  of  Freemasons  and  for  several  years 

chairman  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  public 
library  of   Waltham. 
He  has  been  an  active 
and    public-spirited 
citizen    in    whatever 
has  related    to    the 
welfare  of  the  com- 
munity   in  which  he 
has  lived.    In  politics 
Mr.  Warren   has   al- 
ways been  a  Repub- 
1  i  c  a  n,    steadfast   in 
principles  and  inter- 
ested in  having  those 
principles  prevail. 
He  has  been  at  times 
chairman  of  Repub- 
lican  town    commit- 
tees, a  member  of  the 
Republican     State 
Central    Committee, 
chairman  of  his  con- 
gressional district 
committee    and    has 
held  other  positions 
evincing  his  interest 
in  what  he  conscien- 
tiously considers  best 
party   politics.     Stu- 
dious  in  his    habits, 
ready  with  his  pen,  he  has  made  many  contributions  to 
the  press  and  otherwise  on  various    topics  of  interest. 
Mr.  Warren  was  one  of  the  writers  of  the  historical  address 
on  the  occasion  of  the  sesquicentennial  celebration  of 
U'altham,  and    the    author   of   the    historical    sketch   of 
Waltham  in  the  recently  published  history  of  Middlesex 
County.     He  was  married,  in  1881,  to  Miss  Charlotte  E. 
Bacon,  of  Springfield,  and  has  two  children,  a  son  and  a 
daughter. 


450 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


FRANCIS   BUTTRICK    has  been  prominently  iden- 
tified with  the  business  interests  of  Waltham  for 
upwards  of  half  a  century.     In   the  real   estate  opera- 
tions incident  to  a  growing  young  New  England  town, 
and   in   the   ownership  of  homes  and  other  buildings, 
which  are  so  intimately  connected  with  the  welfare  of 
the  people  and  the  prosperity  of  the  place,  he  has  been 
one  of  the  leading  men.     He  is  now  by  far  the  largest 
real  estate  owner  in  the  city.     He  has  grown  up  with 
the    material    devel- 
opment of  the  place, 
and  is  still  active  in 
whatever  pertains  to 
the    management   of 
his     property.      Mr. 
Buttrick  was  born  in 
Pepperell,   Mass.,  in 
1814,    and    removed 
with    his    family    to 
Concord  in  1828. 
Here,  after  receiving 
an  education  in  the 
public     schools,     he 
learned  the  trade  of 
house  carpenter  with 
his    father,    working 
in  that  and  surround- 
ing towns  as  a  jour- 
neyman.    He     went 
to  Waltham  in  1838, 
where   he  continued 
in  the  same  occupa- 
tion.    In     1844     he 
commenced  business 
on  his  own  account 
as  a  builder  and  em- 
ployer.    In  1857  he 
bought  a  lumber  yard, 
planing  and  saw-mill 
and  box  factory,  and 

entered  into  quite  extensive  operations  in  that  line  oi 
business,  giving  up  his  occupation  as  a  carpenter.  He 
has  lately  retired  from  active  participation  in  his  busi- 
ness, which  is  now  organized  as  the  Buttrick  Lumber 
Company.  Through  his  business  as  carpenter  and 
builder  he  became  interested  in  real  estate,  mostly  of 
improved  character,  with  buildings  devoted  to  the  wants 
of  a  manufacturing  and  laboring  community.  From 
small  beginnings  in  this  way  he  has,  by  good  judgment 


and  sagacity,  fair  dealings  and  attention  to  his  affairs, 
ac([uired  a  possession  of  real  estate,  varied  and  valuable, 
in  different  parts  of  the  city.  As  a  landlord  and  party 
in  interest  in  property  held  by  others,  Mr.  Buttrick  has 
always  been  kind-hearted  and  disposed  to  assist  those 
who  were  inclined  to  assist  themselves.  He  has  helped 
many  to  preserve  their  homes  when,  under  a  more  exact- 
ing man,  they  might  not  have  been  able  to  keep  them. 
As  a  citizen  he  has  always  taken  an  interest  in  the  affairs 

of  the  town  and  city, 
and  contributed  his 
advice  and  support 
to  all  matters,  public 
and  private,  affecting 
the  welfare  of  the 
community.  In  ma- 
terial aid  to  the  many 
objects  constantly 
presenting  them- 
selves for  indi\idual 
assistance,  he  has  be- 
stowed his  benefac- 
tions willingly  and 
liberally.  Mr.  But- 
trick has  been  for 
many  years  a  director 
n  the  Waltham  Na- 
tional Bank,  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Waltham 
Music  Hall  Company 
and  a  director  in  the 
New  England  North- 
western Investment 
Company.  He  was 
one  of  the  promoters 
and  incorporators  of 
the  Waltham  Co-op- 
erative Bank,  and  for 
several  years  has  been 
its  president.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Waltham  Board  of  Selectmen  for 
several  years,  and  was  on  the  last  board  under  the  town 
government.  Mr.  Buttrick  is  a  man  unassuming  in  life 
and  manner,  and  bears  the  burden  of  business  easily 
and  quietly.  He  is  considered  one  of  the  best  author- 
ities on  real  estate  and  financial  matters  in  Waltham, 
and  on  these  matters  his  advice  is  often  sought  by  his 
fellow-citizens.  In  1849  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Augusta  M.  Farwell. 


FRANCIS    BUTTRICK 


WALTHAM. 


45 1 


IN  the  role  of  honcr  containing  the  names  of  men 
who  have,  by  their  influence,  led  to  the  develop- 
ment of  industries  which  have  spread  the  name  of  Wal- 
tham  over  the  entire  globe,  none  can  outrank  that  of 
Aaron  L.  Dennison,  "the  father  of  the  American  watch 
industry,"  for  it  was  his  suggestions  and  influence  which 
brought  to  VValtham  the  germ  of  the  present  watch  fac- 
tory. Indeed,  he  was  the  master  spirit  in  its  commence- 
ment, and  up  to  the  time  of  his  retiring  from  the  busi- 
ness, in  December, 
1 86 1,  he  was  the  in- 
spiring spirit  of  the 
enterprise.  He  was 
born  in  Freeport, 
Me.,  in  1812.  His 
father  was  a  shoe- 
maker, and  young 
Dennison  was 
obliged  to  contribute 
his  mite  to  the  in- 
come of  the  family. 
He  commenced  work 
as  a  tender  for  a 
mason,  and  worked 
at  odd  hours  with 
his  father  as  a  shoe- 
maker. At  eighteen 
years  of  age  he  was 
apprenticed  to  a 
clockmaker  in  Bruns- 
wick, Me.  In  this 
business  Mr.  Denni- 
son's  inventive  fac- 
ulties had  full  play. 
He  made  great  im- 
provements in  the 
then  crude  system  of 
manufacture.  .After 
finishing  his  appren- 
ticeship  he   went  to 

Boston  and  was  employed  by  several  well-known  firms 
in  the  watch  and  jewelry  trade.  Mr.  Dennison  very 
early  discovered  the  lack  of  system  in  the  manufacture 
of  both  the  English  and  Swiss  watches,  and  having 
studied  the  system  of  gun  and  pistol  manufacture,  he 
conceived  the  idea  that  by  manufacturing  in  large  quan- 
tities and  securing  interchangeability  of  parts,  watches 
could  be  made  much  cheaper  and  better.  This  led  him 
to  spend  most  of  his  evenings  in  studying  the  problem 


AARON    L.    DENNISON 


of  the  creation  of  an  American  watch  industry.  He 
met  with  serious  difficulty  in  securing  capital,  but  in 
1849  he  met  Edward  Howard,  then  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  clocks,  post-office  scales,  standard 
weights  and  measures,  fire  engines,  sewing  machines, 
etc.,  and  who  at  that  time  was  considering  the  subject 
of  going  into  the  manufacture  of  locomotives.  Mr. 
Dennison  persuaded  him  to  give  up  that  project  and 
converted  him  to  his  project  of  watch  making,     .-^fter 

securing  the  neces- 
sary capital,  they 
organized  the  War- 
ren Manufacturing 
Company.  The 
present  output  is  two 
thousand  watch 
movements  per  day, 
with  a  force  of 
twenty-eight  h  u  n  - 
dred.  Mr.  D  e  n  n  i- 
son's  peculiar  genius 
lay  in  devising  ways 
/^j-£  and    means.     His 

±^M  constant      study     of 

^H  methods    was     such 

'  that  it  has  been  said 

that  "  nothing  could 
be  proposed  in  watch 
manufacture  that 
Mr.  Dennison  had 
not  already  pro- 
posed." The  origi- 
nal company  formed 
in  Roxbury,  through 
Mr.  Dennison's  sug- 
gestions arid  influ- 
ence, was  brought  to 
Waltham  in  1854, 
and  was  the  first  and 
only  watch  factory  in 
the  world  that  has  ever  produced  in  its  factory  a  com- 
plete watch  ready  for  the  pocket,  making  cases,  dials, 
hands,  jewels  and  hair  springs.  In  1850  there  were 
no  watches  manufactured  in  this  country.  In  forty- 
three  years  the  business  has  developed  so  that  the  out- 
put of  the  American  watch  industry  is  si.xty-five  hundred 
movements  per  day,  and  an  equal  number  of  cases  are 
made.  Prices  of  medium  grade  watches  have  been 
reduced  from  fifty  dollars  to  twelve  dollars. 


452 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


HENRY  NOAH  FISHER,  the  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  New  England  Northwestern 
Investment  Company  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  has  lived  in 
Waltham  the  greater  portion  of  his  life,  and  has  been 
prominently  identified  with  all  measures  to  increase  its 
prosperity.  He  is  the  son  of  Noah  and  Esther  (Page) 
Fisher,  and  was  born  in  Barton,  Orleans  County,  Vt., 
June  5,  1842.  His  father's  family  removed  to  Nashua, 
N.  H.,  when  he  was  an  infant,  and  his  education  was 
obtained  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  that 
city.  When  he  was 
young  his  father 
died,  and  he  was 
early  obliged  to  seek 
an  entrance  into 
mercantile  life.  He 
commenced  as  a 
clerk  in  a  grocery 
store  in  Nashua,  and 
in  1859  went  to 
Waltham,  securing 
employment  in  the 
American  Waltham 
Watch  Company. 
He  rose  rapidly  from 
one  position  to  an- 
other, until  he  occu- 
pied one  of  the  most 
important  executive 
offices  in  the  com- 
pany. When  the 
war  broke  out  Mr. 
Fisher  enlisted  in 
Company  D,  Thirty- 
fifth  Massachusetts 
Infantry,  in  July, 
1862,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battles 
of    South    Mountain 

and  Antietam.  On  the  17th  of  September,  1862,  he 
was  wounded  at  Antietam,  his  right  shoulder  being 
fractured  by  a  shell.  He  was  confined  to  the  hospital 
until  March  4,  1863,  when  he  received  an  honorable 
discharge.  Mr.  Fisher  is  an  honored  member  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  and  has  held  high  and  important 
offices  in  that  institution.  He  is  a  past  master  of  the 
Isaac  Parker  Lodge,  Free  and  .Accepted  Masons,  of 
Waltham  ;  past  high  priest  of  Waltham  Royal  Arch  Chap- 


HENRY    N.    FISHER 


ter ;  a  member  of  the  De  Molay  Commandery,  Knights 
Templar,  of  Boston,  Massachusetts  Consistory,  thirty- 
second  degree,  and  of  Aleppo  Temple,  Order  of  the 
Mystic  Shrine.  He  is  the  past  commander  of  F.  P.  H. 
Rogers  Post  29,  Grand  .^rmy  of  the  Republic,  Waltham. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Middlesex  and  Century  clubs, 
both  of  Boston,  and  was  president  of  the  Mayors'  Club 
in  1890  and  1891.  When  Waltham  was  incorporated 
as  a  city,  in   1885,  he  was  elected  to  serve  on  the  first 

Board  of   Aldermen, 
and  was  elected  pres- 
ident  of    the  board. 
He  was  re-elected  in 
1886  both  to  the 
board  and  the  presi- 
dency of   the    same. 
In    1887     he  was 
elected    mayor  on 
the    Re  publican 
ticket,   and    his   ad- 
ministration  was    so 
acceptable    that   in 
1888    he   was    re- 
elected   without    an 
opposing     ticket. 
His    popularity    did 
not    wane    in    the 
least,    and    in     1889 
and    1890  was   for 
a    third    and    fourth 
time   elected   to  the 
office    of    mayor,  no 
candidate     being 
nominated   in  oppo- 
sition.    On    account 
of    his    interests    in 
the  New    England 
Northwestern 
Investment  Com- 
pany  he  refused    to 
serve  another  term  as  mayor,  and  in  April,   1890,  re- 
signed his  position  in  the  watch  factory  for  the  same 
reason.      He    is    largely    interested    in    the    American 
Watch  'I'ool  Company,  a  trustee  in  the  Waltham  Savings 
Bank,  is  a  member  of  the  firm  of  James  A.  Davis  &  Co., 
Boston,  wholesale  coal,  coke  and  cement,  and  director 
of  the  United  Anthracite  Collieries  Company  of  Penn- 
sylvania.    He  was  married,  .^ug.  17,  1876,  to  Joanna  E. 
Bradeen,  of  Limerick,  Me. 


WALTHAM. 


453 


BRADSHAW  S.  TOLMAN  was  born  in  Waltham  in 
185 1,  and  has  always  made  his  home  there.     He 
is  the  oldest  son  of  John  E.  and  Sarah  F.  Tolman,  has 
never  married,  and    resides  on  the   Tolman  estate  on 
Moody  Street.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  city.     When  scarcely  grown  to  manhood, 
at    the    age   of  nineteen   years,  he   was    placed    in  the 
responsible  position  of  superintendent  of  the  Waltham  & 
Newton  Street  Railway,  which    position  he  held  for  a 
number   of    years. 
His  energetic  efforts 
did  much  to  put  that 
corporation  on  a  pay- 
ing basis.     Mr.  Tol- 
man   was    for    many 
years  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Assessors  of 
Waltham,   where    his 
excellent      judgment 
of   real  estate  values 
and   familiarity   with 
the  property  interests 
of  the  city  made  his 
services  peculiarly 
valuable.      He    is  at 
present   chairman  of 
the    Board   of  Sewer 
Commissioners, 
which    has     recently 
finished   a    complete 
system    of    sewerage, 
extending  through 
thirty-five     miles    of 
streets,  embracing 
the    whole    of    the 
thickly  settled  part  of 
the  city,  and  forming 
a  branch  of  the  great 
metropolitan    sewer- 
age system  now  being 

built  by  the  State.  He  also  holds  the  office  of  treasurer 
of  the  Waltham  Screw  Company,  in  which  he  has  a 
considerable  financial  interest.  Through  his  efforts 
capitalists  have  become  interested  in  the  enterprise, 
and  another  factory,  situated  on  the  banks  of  the 
Charles  River,  has  been  added  to  the  long  list  of  indus- 
tries for  which  Waltham  is  justly  noted.  For  nearly 
twenty  years  Mr.  Tolman  has  been  actively  engaged  in 
the  real   estate  business,  and  is  himself  a  large  owner 


BRADSHAW    S.    TOLMAN 


of  real  estate,  and  trustee  and  manager  of  several 
important  estates.  No  active  business  man  in  the  city 
has  been  more  prominently  identified  with  the  real 
estate  interests  of  Waltham  than  he.  He  has  placed  on 
the  market  more  than  one  half  of  the  land  in  that  sec- 
tion of  the  city  known  as  the  South  Side,  where  are 
located  the  factories  of  the  American  Waltham  Watch 
Company,  the  American  Watch  Tool  Company,  and 
several  other  manufacturing    companies.      When    Mr. 

Tolman  first  went 
into  business  nearly 
all  the  land  lying  east 
of  Moody  Street  was 
unimproved.  He 
took  hold  of  the  land 
of  the  Newton  Chem- 
"%|^  ical     Company     and 

^^^  the     Crafts,     Cutter, 

^^H  Stearns   and    Reed 

^^^^L  estates,  each  contain- 

^^^^B  taining  large  tracts  in 

I^^V  this  locality,  and  has 

^fm  rapidly  and  success- 

^■^  fully  developed  them. 

The  growth  of  this 
section  has  out- 
stripped a  1 1  other 
parts  of  the  city  and 
has  been  almost  phe- 
nomenal. Where 
there  were  but  a  few 
vears  ago  large  pas- 
tures and  fields  cov- 
ered with  bushes 
and  shrubs,  there  are 
now  wide  streets, 
carefully  laid  out,  and 
lined  with  those  sub 
stantial  and  well- 
built  residence 
which  every  citizen  of  Waltham  is  proud  to  point  out 
as  the  homes  of  its  prosperous  skilled  mechanics.  The 
values  of  land  in  this  section  have  increased  more  than 
sixfold  in  the  last  eight  years,  and  so  rapidly  has  the 
property  been  improved  that  at  present  few  lots  remain 
available  for  building  purposes.  Mr.  Tolman's  business 
interests  have  brought  him  into  contact  with  so  many 
people  that  he  may  be  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  and 
most  favorablv  known  of  the  city's  business  men. 


THE  fame  of  Quincy  granite  is  world-wide.  Quincy  to-day  is  a  bright  star  in  the  galaxy  of  Massachusetts 
municipalities.  For  the  first  century  and  a  half  of  the  country's  history,  dating  from  the  landing  of  the 
Pilgrims,  Quincy  was  an  integral  part  of  Braintree.  In  1792  Quincy  (the  north  precinct)  became  a  town.  In 
1888  the  town  became  a  city  with  a  somewhat  unique  and  peculiar  charter.  The  city  government  is  divided  into 
two  branches,  the  legislative  and  executive.  The  legislative  branch  consists  of  a  city  council,  composed  of  twenty- 
three  members ;  three  from  each  ward  and  five  at  large.  The  executive  department  consists  of  the  mayor  and  the 
various  officials,  all  of  whom  are  appointed  by  him  and  for  whom  he  is  responsible.  The  appointing  power  is 
vested  in  the  mayor  exclusively,  and  is  not  subject  to  the  approval  of  or  the  interference  of  the  council.  The  heads 
of  departments  through  their  chief,  the  mayor,  recommend  to  the  council  such  measures  as  are  demanded  by  their 
departments.  The  council  through  its  committees  investigates  and  proposes  such  legislation  as  it  deems  proper. 
The  heads  of  departments  consist  of  city  clerk,  treasurer,  commissioner  of  public  works,  solicitor,  chief  engineer 
of  the  fire  department,  deputy  manager  of  police,  overseer  of  the  poor  and  assessors. 

The  history  of  Quincy  is  intimately  interwoven  with  that  of  the  nation.  The  (^uincys,  Adamses,  Hancocks, 
Reveres,  and  other  well-known  men  have  given  her  a  widespread  reputation  in  which  her  citizens  take  a  just  pride. 
Within  her  precincts  re])ose  the  remains  of  two  presidents  of  the  I'nion,  John  Adams  and  John  (Quincy  Adams. 
Their  descendants  to-day  are  the  leaders  in  thought  and  in  high-minded,  ennoblmg  statesmanship. 

With  a  population  of  over  twenty  thousand,  which  is  rapidly  increasing  in  numbers,  the  city  has  bright 
prospects.  The  chief  industry  and  the  one  which  has  given  the  city  a  universal  fame  is  the  granite  industry.  In 
this,  the  largest  granite  manufacturing  centre  of  the  world,  employment  is  given  to  two  thousand  sober,  intelligent, 
industrious  mechanics.  The  granite  from  her  quarries  may  be  found  in  every  portion  of  this  country  and  many 
parts  of  the- globe.  The  city  enjoys  every  mo'dern  convenience — electric  cars  which  connect  all  sections  of  her 
domains ;  electric  lights  ;  an  ample  water  supply ;  a  model  city  charter,  and  an  industrious,  thriving,  sober,  intelli- 
gent citizenship.  For  ten  years  she  has  been  rid  of  the  liquor  curse,  and  the  prohibition  banner  has  been  her 
standard.  During  the  decade  1880-90,  the  city  had  a  wonderful  growth.  In  the  matter  of  building  there  was  a 
gain  of  one  thousand  and  thirteen  houses,  and  it  has  rapidly  increased  in  the  past  two  years. 

With  a  water  front  of  .many  miles,  it  is  not  surprising  that  the  Quincy  Yacht  Club  should  be  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  in  the  State.  In  educational  matters  Quincy  has  always  been  in  the  van,  and  the  Quincy  system, 
so  styled,  inaugurated  by  General  Francis  A.  Walker  in  1875,  has  acquired  a  wide  reputation  and  has  been  exten- 
sively imitated.  The  city  has  some  of  the  finest  school  buildings  in  the  country,  and  spends  large  sums  annually  in 
support  of  her  schools. 

Quincy  draws  a  large  portion  of  her  citizenship  from  the  business  men  of  Boston,  who  make  their  homes 
within  her  borders  and  spend  their  leisure  hours  within  her  bounds.  The  residences  of  Quincy's  business  popula- 
tion will  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any  other  municipality  in  tasteful  design  and  finish  and  attractive 
surroundings,  .'^mong  the  buildings  of  interest  are  the  "  Stone  Temple,"  the  house  of  worship  of  the  First  Unita- 
rian parish,  within  whose  walls  are  entombed  the  two  presidents  ;  the  two  ancient  Adams  houses,  the  birthplace 
and  home  of  the  two  rulers;  the  City  Hall,  built  of  (Quincy  granite;  the  Willard  schoolhouse,  costing  ^100,000 ; 
Faxon  Hall,  a  perpetiuil  monument  to  the  efforts  of  that  indomitable  fighter  of  the  liquor  interests,  Mr.  Henry  H. 
Faxon  ;  Adams's  Block,  erected  by  the  .-^dams  family  ;  Durgin  &  Merrill  Block  ;  Robertson  Block  ;  Adams  Academy  ; 
the  Old  Hancock  House  ;  the  Episcopal  Church  ;  the  WoUaston  Unitarian  Church,  and  Atlantic  Music  Hall. 

The  statistics  of  1891  were  as  follows  :  polls,  5,160;  increase,  519  ;  value  of  personal  property,  S2, 973, 100  ; 
resident  bank  stock,  $295,805  ;  gain,  $59,695;  real  estate  buildings,  $5,490,725;  land,  §5,667,400;  total,  Sii,- 
158,125;  gain,  $689,925;  total  real  estate  and  personal  valuation,  $14,427,030 ;  total  gain,  $749,620;  houses, 
2)935  >  gain,  169.  Two  national  banks,  a  savings  bank  and  two  co-operative  banks  make  uj)  the  city's  financial 
institutions, 


QUINCY. 


455 


IN  Hon.  Henry  O.  Fairbanks  the  city  of  Quincy  has 
had  a  wide-awake,  progressive  mayor,  the  past  two 
years.     He  was  born  in  Boston,  June  21,   1852,  and  is 
consequently  in  his  forty-first  year.     He  was  the  son  of 
Mr.  Moses  Fairbanks,  a  former  well-known  Boston  mer- 
chant, and  one  of  the  first  to  interest  themselves  in  the 
building  and  development  of  WoUaston  in  Quincy,  one 
of  Boston's  most  beautiful  suburbs.     Mayor  Fairbanks 
spent  his  earlier  years  in  the  Athens  of  .'\merica,  and 
received    his    educa- 
tion in  her   schools. 
Completing  his  stud- 
ies in  1869,  when  he 
graduated   from    the 
English  High  School, 
he  began  his  business 
career.     He  first  en- 
tered   the    office    of 
Messrs.  Nazro  &  Co., 
flour  dealers  of  Bos- 
ton, and  during  his 
twelve  years'  associa- 
tion   with  that  well- 
known  firm,  applied 
himself  so   assidu- 
ously to  acquiring  a 
knowledge     of    the 
business    that,    in 
1881,  he  felt  that  his 
experience     justified 
him    in    starting    in 
business  for  himself. 
His  judgment  proved 
correct,  and  he    has 
succeeded  by  dint  of 
pluck,    perseverance 
and   superior  ability 
in  es  tabl  ishing  a 
lucrative  trade.     He 
is   at    present  the 

eastern  agent  for  several  well-known  Western  flour  mills, 
and  has  an  office  at  No.  78  Commercial  Street,  Boston. 
Mayor  Fairbanks  first  became  a  citizen  of  Quincy  in 
1875,  when  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Wollaston,  a 
then  comparatively  new  territory,  in  which  his  father, 
Moses  Fairbanks,  took  a  deep  interest.  For  the  past 
seventeen  years  he  has  been  recognized  as  among  the 
social  leaders  of  Wollaston,  and  is  a  general  favorite 
in  social  circles.     He    is  a  prominent  member  of    the 


Masonic  fraternity  and  Knights  of  Honor.  He  is  a 
past  master  in  the  former  and  a  past  dictator  in  the 
latter  order.  He  has  been  honored  with  a  commission 
as  district  deputy  grand  master  of  the  Twenty-fourth 
Masonic  District,  which  position  he  filled  with  great 
satisfaction  to  the  lodges  in  his  charge.  He  first  became 
prominent  in  politics  in  1888,  when  the  town  of  Quincy 
adopted  a  charter,  and  was  elected  from  Ward  Five, 
Wollaston,  to  the  first  City  Council.     He  was  re-elected 

in  the  following  year, 
and   when   the    City 
Council  organized  in 
1890  he  was  selected 
by  its    members    to 
preside  over  its  de- 
liberations.   This 
position   he  filled   in 
so  acceptable  a  man- 
ner,   and  with     such 
marked    ability,  that 
he   was    selected   as 
the     Republican 
standard  -  bearer    in 
the  campaign  of  that 
year,  and  was  elected 
as    the  chief   execu- 
tive  of   the    young 
and  thriving  city  by 
a  handsome  majority. 
He  was  again  a  can- 
didate for  like  honors 
in    I  8  9  I ,    and    was 
again    elected    by   a 
flattering  vote.    Dur- 
ing the  two  years  of 
service  in  the  rnuni- 
cipal  harness  Mayor 
Fairbanks  has  proved 
a   popular   and  able 
executive,    and    has 
been    notably   fortunate    in    his   appointments    to    the 
various    municipal   offices.     During  his   administration 
he    has   been  called  upon    to   decide  matters   of   vast 
moment   to  the  city,  particularly  the  purchase   of  the 
Quincy  Water  Supply  Company's  plant  and  franchise, 
and  in  all  of  them  he  has  displayed  his  characteristic 
business   ability  and    a   thorough   appreciation   of   the 
various  needs  of  the  municipality.     Mayor  Fairbanks  is 
married,  and  has  a  charming  home. 


HENRY    0.    FAIRBANKS, 


456 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


PROBABLY    the    best-known    unofficial    leader    in 
Massachusetts    politics    to-day     is     Mr.    Henry 
Hardwick  Faxon,  the  Quincy  philanthropist  and  zealous 
worker   for   temperance   legislation.     Henry   Hardwick 
Faxon,  son  of  Job  and  Judith  B.  (Hardwick)    Faxon, 
was  born  in  Quincy,  Mass.,  Sept.  28,  1823.     He  is  de- 
scended in  the  eighth  generation  from  Thomas  Faxon, 
who  came  from  England  to  America  before   1647,  set- 
tling in  that  part  of  Braintree  which  is  now   Quincy. 
Henry     passed     his 
youth  on  his  father's 
farm,  enjoying  com- 
mon   school    advan- 
tages.    He    was   ap- 
prenticed  to  the 
shoemaker's    trade 
when   about  sixteen, 
and  in  1843,  with  his 
brother  John,  began 
the    manufacture    of 
boots    and    shoes. 
About     1846     he 
opened  a  retail  gro- 
cery   and     provision 
store    in    (Quincy, 
which  he  conducted 
for  seven  years,  after 
which  he  became   a 
retail   grocer  at   the 
corner  of  South  and 
lieach    streets,    Bos- 
ton,  the    firm    name 
being   Faxon,  Wood 
ilv:    Co.     Two    years 
later    he    moved    to 
Commercial     Street, 
changing  the  title  to 
Faxon  Bros.  &  Co., 
and  the  business  to 
one  of   wholesale 

transactions.  In  1861,  retiring  from  the  partnership, 
he  went  to  New  Orleans  and  made  large  purchases  of 
molasses.  The  next  year  he  engaged  in  speculation  on 
Chatham  Street,  Boston,  and  subsequently  on  India 
Wharf.  Relinquishing  speculation,  he  dealt  extensively 
in  real  estate,  making  in  this  the  bulk  of  his  fortune, 
and  is  now  the  largest  individual  real  estate  owner  in 
(Quincy.  He  married,  Nov.  18,  1852,  Mary  B.,  daughter 
of  Israel  W.  and  Priscilla  L.  (Burbank)  Munroe.     Mrs. 


HENRY    H,    FAXON 


Faxon  died,  Sept.  6,  1885,  leaving  one  son,  Henry 
Munroe,  born  May  22,  1864.  Mr.  Faxon  represented 
his  native  town  in  the  State  Legislatures  of  1864  and 
187 1.  His  attention  was  first  attracted  to  the  temper- 
ance question  while  a  member  of  that  body.  He  was 
a  police  officer  in  Quincy  from  1881  to  1886,  inclusive, 
and  was  re-appointed  by  Mayor  Porter  in  1889.  His 
church  connections  are  with  the  Unitarian  society.  Mr. 
Faxon's  political  affiliations  in  the  past  have  been  with 

the  Republican  party, 
except  in  1884,  when 
he  was  Prohibition 
candidate  for  lieu- 
tenant-governor. 
The  extent  of  Mr. 
Faxon's  influence  in 
State  politics  was  well 
illustrated  in  1879. 
Thomas  Talbot  was 
governor,  and  Gen- 
eral Butler  loomed 
up  as  an  opposition 
candidate.  Governor 
Talbot's  friends 
urged  him  to  accept 
a  re-nomination.  Mr. 
Faxon's  coolness  and 
shrewdness  led  him 
to  see  inevitable  de- 
feat. He  made  sug- 
gestions so  full  of 
potency  that  His 
Excellency  thought 
it  prudent  to  decline 
to  again  head  the 
State  ticket.  The 
contest  narrowed  to 
Hon.  Henry  L.  Pierce 
and  Lieutenant-Gov- 
ernor John  D.  Long. 
The  former  had  influence  and  wealth  and  was  a  favorite 
with  the  party's  "older  heads"  and  its  leading  news- 
papers. Mr.  Faxon  called  a  convention  of  temperance 
men  of  the  State.  Mr.  Pierce  favored  license,  while 
Mr.  Long  was  sound  on  prohibition.  The  occasion  was 
one  of  great  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Long's  candidacy  was 
given  an  impetus  that  made  his  success  in  the  conven- 
tion a  certainty.  He  was  nominated  on  the  first  ballot, 
and  handsomely  elected  over  General  Butler. 


QUINCY. 


457 


THE  traditions  of  a  remarkable  family  are  worthily 
upheld  in  the  person  of  the  present  Josiah  Quincy, 
of  Quincy.  Though  only  thirty-three  years  of  age,  he  has 
already  given  ample  proof  of  his  ability  as  a  legislator 
as  well  as  a  capacity  for  executive  responsibility  which 
is  not  often  met  with  in  a  man  of  his  years.  Josiah 
Quincy  is  a  member  of  the  famous  Ouincy  family,  and 
was  born  in  the  city  which  bears  his  name,  Oct.  15, 
1859,  and  was  educated  at  the  Adams  Academy,  later 
entering  Harvard 
College,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  the 
class  of  1880.  He 
studied  law  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School, 
and  was  admitted  to 
the  Suffolk  bar  in 
1883.  In  1887  Mr. 
Quincy  was  elected 
a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  L.egis- 
1  a  t  u  r  e,  being  re- 
elected  in  1888, 
1889  and  189  I. 
The  break  in  his 
legislative  career 
in  the  year  1890 
was  caused  by  h  i  s 
selection  as  the 
Democratic  candi- 
date for  Congress  in 
h  i  s  district.  Th  e 
district  was  heavily 
Republican  and  Mr. 
Quincy  was  defeated. 
During  his  terms  in 
the  Legislature,  he 
served  with  distinc- 
tion on  the  commit- 
tees    on    Labor, 

Woman  Suffrage,  Rules,  t^lection  Laws  and  Taxation, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  perfection  of  the  Austra- 
lian ballot  law.  He  also  acted  as  a  member  of  the 
Special  Committee  on  Child  Labor,  on  which  he  did 
good  service.  Mr.  Quincy's  influence  has  been  felt  in 
securing  some  of  the  most  important  reforms  which 
have  been  incorporated  into  the  statutes  of  Massachu- 
setts within  the  past  few  years.  He  early  manifested  an 
aptitude  for  politics,  and  in   1881  was  elected  secretary 


JOSIAH    QUINCY, 


of  the  Massachusetts  Civil  Service  Reform  League,  two 
years  later  being  elected  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
Tariff  Reform  League.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  first  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  of  Massachusetts,  an 
organization  which  has  done  much  hard  work  in  behalf 
of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  State.  Mr.  Quincy  was 
chosen  secretary  of  the  Democratic  State  Committee  in 
1890  and  chairman  of  its  executive  committee  in  1891, 

and    he  was  elected 
to  the  chairmanship 
of  the  committee  in 
1892,   on  the   resig- 
nation of  Judge 
Corcoran.     At    the 
Democratic  National 
Convention,   held  at 
Chicago    in    J  u  n  e, 
1892,    Mr.    Quincy 
was    selected   as  the 
Massachusetts  mem- 
ber of   the    D  e  m  o- 
cr  a  ti  c  National 
Committee.     His 
colleagues    on    the 
committee    r  e  c  o  g- 
nized    his     practical 
ability  by  placing  him 
in  charge  of  the  com- 
mittee on    campaign 
literature,    in     which 
capacity  he  had  much 
to  do  with  the  con- 
duct    of     the    cam- 
paign of   1892.     Mr. 
Quincy  is    cool,  cal- 
culating and  wonder- 
fully practical   in  all 
his  movements,  logi- 
cal   in  his  speeches, 
which  always  bristle  with  facts,  arguments  and  statistics, 
but  according  to  those  who  are  his  intimate  acquaint- 
ances, his  cold  exterior  is  no  index  to  the  kindly  nature 
of   which    he    is    possessed.     Few  Democrats    in    New 
England,    of  the    younger  generation,  have    performed 
such  effective  service  for  the  cause  of  tariff  reform,  his 
efforts  in  this  direction,  equally  with  his  other  political 
services,  having  gained  for  him  a   national  reputation 
and  the  esteem  of  the  party  leaders  at  Washington. 


458 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THEOPHILUS  KING,  banker,   organizer  and  man 
of    affairs,    was    born    in    Rochester,    Plymouth 
County,  Dec.  14,  1844.     He  attended  the  public  school, 
and  afterwards   the   Rochester  Academy,  until   he  was 
sixteen  years  of  age.     He  had  the  advantage  of  quite  a 
varied  experience  in  affairs,  for  his  father's  business  was 
somewhat    heterogeneous.     He  owned  a  farm,  kept  a 
country   store,   conducted   a  saw-mill,  was   town   clerk, 
postmaster,    justice   of     the    peace  and    fire    insurance 
agent.     Theophilus 
assisted  his  father  in 
some  of  the  depart- 
ments  of    his    busi- 
ness, but  it   was  on 
the    farm    that   he 
found  his    special 
pleasure,  in  tilling 
that  portion  that  his 
father  had  set  aside 
for   his  use.     He 
managed   to  save  in 
the  first  year  of  his 
farming    #2.50,    with 
which  he  started  an 
account    at   the  sav- 
ings bank,    seven 
miles   away.      This 
had  increased    to 
S231.20    when    he 
was    sixteen,   with 
which    sum    he    left 
home    to    engage   in 
the  leather  business, 
as  clerk    with  the 
fi  r  m   of  Johnson  & 
Thompson.     At   this 
time    he    developed 
great     fondness    for 
athletic  sports,  so  he 
made  one  of  a  unique 

base-ball  organization  called  the  "Early  Dawns,"  which 
practised  on  Boston  Common  from  five  to  seven  o'clock 
every  morning.  Mr.  King  played  on  first  base,  and 
showed  the  same  prowess  there  that  has  distmguished 
his  business  life.  After  nearly  eight  years  as  clerk  and 
salesman,  during  which  time  he  travelled  over  a  large 
part  of  the  country,  Mr.  King  formed  a  partnership  with 
Charles  B.  Bryant,  under  the  firm  name  of  Bryant  i<: 
King,  and  they  started  business  on  the  corner  of  Pearl 


THEOPHILUS    KING 


and  Purchase  streets.  The  Boston  fire  compelled  their 
removal  to  South  Street.  A  tannery  at  Clinton  had  in 
the  meantime  been  added  to  the  business.  The  burst- 
ing of  a  dam  in  1876  swept  away  in  a  few  moments  this 
monument  of  years  of  patient  industry  and  business 
endeavor.  Nothing  daunted,  and  making  a  satisfactory 
arrangement  with  their  creditors,  the  firm  started  a  tan- 
nery at  Woburn,  and  at  the  end  of  six  years,  having 
recovered   by  law  part  of  the  property  destroyed,  the 

firm  had  paid  every 
creditor   in    full    on 
claims   long   since 
cancelled.       Success 
attended    the    firm 
until    1887,    when    a 
period  of  depression 
set  in,  and  the  busi- 
ness was  transferred 
to  a  company.     Mr. 
King  has  been  called 
upon   to   act   as   as- 
signee,  trustee     and 
receiver,  and  has 
since   turned   his  at- 
tention   to    banking. 
His  success  is  shown 
in  the  fact  that  he  is 
now  president  of  the 
National    Cranite 
Bank  of  Quincy,  and 
vice-president  of  the 
National  Bank  of 
Redemption  of  Bos- 
ton.    He  was  instru- 
mental    in    bringing 
about  the  incorpora- 
tion,  and    becoming 
treasurer,  of  the  Riv- 
erside Worsted  Mills, 
Atlantic    Mills,    and 
Eureka  Silk  Company,  representing  an  aggregate  capital 
of  ^3,126,000,  furnishing  employment  104,500  people, 
and  doing  an  annual  business  of  over  §7,000,000.     As 
trustee,  Mr.  King  has  had  control  of  one  of  the  largest 
cotton    mills   in   Canada,   and    has    brought   about   the 
incorporation  of  the  seven  colored  cotton  mills  of  the 
Dominion.     Mr.  King  is  trustee  of  several  estates,  and 
a  director  in   other    institutions.     He  takes  an  active 
interest  in  church  and  temperance  work. 


QUINCY. 


459 


QUINCY  granite  leads  the  world,  and  McDonnell  & 
Sons,  of  Quincy,  are  the  leaders  in  the  granite 
industry  of  America.     Mr.  Thomas  H.  McDonnell,    of 
this  firm,  is  the  active  head  of  the  concern.     He  was 
born  in  Quincy,  Aug.  i8,  1848,  and  attended  the  schools 
of  his  native  place,  subsequently  taking  a  thorough  busi- 
ness  course    at    Comer's   Commercial    College.     Upon 
completing  his  studies  he  associated  himself,  with   his 
father,  the  late  Patrick  McDonnell,  in  the  granite  busi- 
ness with  his  brother, 
John    Q.     Under 
their  able  and    judi- 
cious  management 
the  name  of  McDon- 
nell  &  Sons  has  ac- 
quired     a      national 
reputation,  not  alone 
for  the  excellence  of 
the    work    produced 
by     them,     but     for 
their    integrity     and 
s  (J  u  a  r  e     dealing. 
They     now     own 
twenty  acres   of   the 
best    quarry  land    in 
(Quincy,    as    well    as 
an    extensive   quarry 
of  fine  light  granite 
at    Barre,    Vt,      Be- 
sides   the     quarries, 
the     equipment     of 
steam  engines,    drills 
and   other  appropri- 
ate    machinery     for 
operating    them,    i  s 
very    complete    and 
effective,   and    some 
of   it,  specially   con- 
structed for  the  use 
of     the    firm,    quite 

costly,  yet  necessary,  since  McDonnell  &  Sons,  in  addi- 
tion to  their  monument  interests,  do  more  in  finished 
and  building  granite  than  any  other  Quincy  firm.  One 
of  their  derricks  alone  is  capable  of  removing  a  one 
hundred  ton  block  at  a  single  lift,  and  thirty  thousand 
feet  of  lumber  is  annually  consumed  in  boxing  goods 
for  shipment.  Nearly  two  hundred  workmen  are 
employed,  and  it  requires  eight  thousand  dollars  a 
month  to   pay  for  the  labor  at  the   quarries    and    the 


THOMAS  H.  McDonnell. 


yards.     In  addition  to  the  extensive  works  at  Quincy 
and  Barre,  they  have  three  yards  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  viz. : 
Main  Street,  Pine  Hill  Branch  and  the  Limestone  Hill 
Granite  Company  at  West  Seneca,  and  also  offices  at 
Indianapolis,    Ind.,    and    Albany,    N.  Y.     They   recon- 
structed   the   Soldiers'    Monument    at   Buffalo,  a    most 
difficult  and  delicate  undertaking,  and  were  highly  com- 
plimented by  the  committee  for  the  thorough  manner 
in  which  the  work  was  done.     Their  more  noted  pro- 
ductions include  the 
Blocher    canopy    at 
^^^  Buffalo,       costing 

ipB|  twenty-five  thousand 

dollars ;  General 
George  B.  McClel- 
lan's  monument,  at 
Trenton,  N.  J. ;  the 
C.  W .  Mackey  family 
monument,  at  Frank- 
lin, Pa. ;  the  Shoe- 
maker monument,  at 
Spring  Grove,  Cin- 
cinnati ;  the  Seventy- 
seventh  Regiment 
Monument,  at  Sara- 
toga, while  nearly 
every  cemetery  of 
note  in  the  country 
contains  specimens 
of  their  superb  work- 
m  an  s  h  i  p.  They 
were  the  first  firm 
in  Quincy  to  intro- 
duce the  American 
Pneumatic  _  Tool 
Company's  apparatus 
for  carving  and  cut- 
ting stone,  to  super- 
sede hand  labor,  Mr. 
McDonnell  being  a 
large  stockholder  in  the  company.  He  was  one  of  the 
promoters  of  the  Quincy  &  Boston  Electric  Railway, 
and  has  been  a  director  since  its  incorporation  ;  he 
was  also  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Security  Live 
Stock  Insurance  Company  of  Boston,  and  has  been  its 
president  since  it  was  formed.  In  1892  Mr.  McDonnell, 
accompanied  by  Re\'.  T.  J.  Danahy,  enjoyed  a  European 
trip,  and  while  in  Rome  they  were  accorded  the  rare 
privilege  of  a  private  audience  with  Pope  Leo  XIII. 


THE  city  of  Lawrence  is  twenty-six  miles  north  of  Boston  and  twenty-three  from  the  mouth  of  the  Merrimack 
River.  It  ranks  to-day  as  one  of  the  most  flourishing  manufacturing  cities  in  New  England.  Early  in  1843, 
Daniel  Saunders  conceived  the  idea  of  building  a  dam  across  the  Merrimack  River,  and  two  years  later  the  desired 
privilege  was  granted  by  the  Legislature.  The  first  stone  of  the  dam  was  laid  Sept.  19,  1845,  and  the  total  cost  of 
the  structure  was  $525,773.36.  Canals  have  been  built  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  furnish  water  power  for 
all  the  mills  and  smaller  industrial  establishments  located  on  the  banks.  The  Bay  State,  now  the  Washington, 
mills  were  organized  in  1845,  with  a  capital  of  Si, 000,000,  which  has  since  been  increased  to  $2,500,000.  The 
same  year  the  Atlantic  Cotton  mills  were  incorporated,  w'ith  a  capital  of  §2,000,000.  Early  in  1853  the  Pacific 
mills  were  built,  and  later  two  others,  known  as  the  Central  and  Lower  Pacific  mills,  with  a  capital  of  52,500,000. 
The  mill  of  the  Lawrence  Duck  Company  was  built  in  1853.  In  the  same  year  the  old  Pemberton  mill  building 
was  erected,  which  fell  on  the  afternoon  of  Jan.  10,  1861,  burying  in  its  ruins  six  hundred  persons,  of  whom  eighty- 
seven  were  killed  outright,  forty-three  others  severely  injured,  and  two  disabled  for  life.  The  mills  were  promptly 
rebuilt,  and  are  doing  a  flourishing  business.  In  many  respects  the  Arlington  mills  have  proved  a  greater  success 
than  any  of  the  others  in  the  city.  They  were  incorporated  in  1865,  with  an  original  capital  of  $200,000,  in  a 
wooden  structure,  which  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire  the  following  year.  The  plant  since  built  is  valued  at 
$2,300,000. 

Besides  the  above  there  are  nearly  forty  other  manufacturing  establishments,  valued  at  over  $13,670,000  in 
all,  which  with  other  ta.xable  property  in  the  city  in  1892  was  valued  at  $32,527,937.  In  all,  one  hundred  and 
forty-three  standard  mill-powers,  or  eleven  thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-nine  gross  horse-power,  are  developed 
by  the  dam  spanning  the  Merrimack  River,  of  which  one  hundred  and  thirty  and  one  half  are  sold,  and  the  remain- 
ing twelve  and  one  half  mill-powers  will  be  granted  appurtenant  to  some  one  thousand  feet  of  canal  frontage, 
which  is  unoccupied  in  South  Lawrence. 

There  are  five  lines  of  railroads  centering  in  Lawrence,  with  eighty-four  trains  arriving  or  departing  daily. 
The  total  capital  of  the  local  national  banks  is  $1,125,000,  while  the  deposits  in  the  savings  banks  exceed  $7,500,- 
000,  mainly  the  earnings  of  the  mill  operatives  or  mechanics. 

The  city  is  supplied  with  two  reservoirs,  with  a  capacity  of  forty-one  million  gallons  of  water;  lighted 
entirely  throughout  the  streets,  avenues  and  parks  by  electricity.  There  are  twenty-nine  churches,  twenty-one 
school-houses,  and  a  public  library  containing  thirty-three  thousand  volumes.  The  fire  department  is  admitted  to 
be  as  efficient  as  any  in  New  England,  the  insurance  rates  being  lower  than  in  any  other  city  in  Massachusetts. 
During  the  year  1893  the  tracks  of  the  Merrimack  \'alley  Street  Railroad  are  to  be  extended  so  as  to  connect  with 
those  in  Lowell,  Haverhill  and  Newburyport. 

The  mill  operatives  and  laboring  classes,  which  form  the  mass  of  the  population,  are  generally  reliable, 
efficient  and  but  little  inclined  to  resort  to  strikes.  There  is  little  disturbance  of  the  relations  between  employers 
and  employees. 

Lawrence  is  one  of  the  shire  towns  in  Essex  County,  girt  around  with  hills,  free  from  any  taint  of  malaria, 
with  wide  streets,  and  from  a  comparatively  recent  birth  has  grown  with  remarkable  rapidity.  An  armory  for  the 
use  of  the  two  local  military  organizations  was  completed  in  1892,  its  cost  being  upwards  of  Sioo,ooo.  In  short, 
there  are  but  few  places  in  New  England  which  afford  so  good  an  opening  for  additional  manufacturing  enter- 
prises, owing  to  the  unsurpassed  water  supply,  excellent  railroad  facilities,  and  favorable  atmospheric  conditions. 
The  population  of  Lawrence  is  about  50,000. 


LA  WRENCE. 


461 


HENRY    PLUMMER    DOE    is   one    of    the    best- 
known   and    influential    men    of    Lawrence,    in 
whicli  city  he  has  passed  nearly  all  his  life,  and  by  it 
been  honored  with  the  highest  gift  in  its  possession, — 
that  of  mayor,  which  office  he  is  filling  the  present  year 
(1892).     Born  in  October,   1841,  in  the  little  town  of 
Methuen,  Mass.,  he  attended  the  public  schools  of  that 
town,  and  afterwards  the  schools  of  Lawrence.     When 
twenty  years  of  age  he  went   to   Boston   and   secured 
employment   in  a 
jewelry    firm.      For 
six    years    he    re- 
mained in  the  store,  , 
and  acquired  a  thor-                  , 
ough    knowledge    of 
the  business.    He 
then   returned    to 
Lawrence,  and  estab- 
lished himself  in  the 
business     which    he 
has  since  carried  on 
with    eminent    suc- 
cess.   His  jewelry 
store  is  conceded  to 
be  the  finest  in  the 
city.     Mr.    Doe    is 
married,  and  has  one 
daughter.       He     re- 
sides at  336  Haver- 
hill Street.     He  is  a 
prominent     member 
and  attendant  at  the 
Universalist  Church. 
In    politics    he    is   a 
stanch      Democrat, 
and    has    served    his 
party    with     distinc- 
tion.    He  made    his 
entrance  into  public 
life    in    1872,    being 

elected  to  the  Common  Council  from  Ward  Three,  and 
he  did  good  service  on  several  important  committees. 
His  natural  enthusiasm  drew  him  so  far  into  public 
matters,  and  he  performed  whatever  he  undertook  with 
such  thoroughness,  that  he  found  the  duties  of  the  office 
took  too  much  of  his  time,  and  he  declined  a  re-election. 
Several  times  during  succeeding  years  he  was  earnestly 
solicited  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used,  but  all  these 
offers  were  declined  until  1881,  when  he  acceded  to  the 


HENRY    P.    DOE 


great  pressure  brought  to  bear  upon  him,  and  became  a 
candidate  for  the  Board  of  Aldermen  for  Ward  Four. 
His  competitor  on  the  Republican  ticket  was  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  and  was  considered  an  almost 
invincible  candidate,  but  when  the  votes  were  cast  and 
counted  on  election  day,  it  was  found  that  the  people 
had  elected  Mr.  Doe  with  a  plurality  rising  one  thousand 
over  his  opponent.  He  served  the  term  with  credit  to 
himself  and  the  city,  and  gained   a  good  insight  into 

municipal    methods. 
His    party    tendered 
him  a  unanimous  re- 
nomination    the    fol- 
lowing   year,    but 
again  Mr.  Doe  found 
himself  compelled  to 
decline     the    honor. 
In    I  89  I    he    con- 
sented to  become 
the  candidate  of  his 
party  for  mayor,  and 
was     elected     by    a 
handsome     vote. 
H  i  s    administration 
was     vigorous,    pro- 
gressive   and     able, 
and  another  term 
was  offered    him,  but 
following  his  previous 
policy,    he   retired 
after  serving   one 
year.     Mayor  Doe  is 
a  director  in  a  num- 
ber of   the  financial 
and  charitable  insti- 
tutions of  Law-rence. 
He  is  popular  in  so- 
ciety.    He  is  a  prom- 
i  n  e  n  t      and     active 
m  ember  of   many 
secret  and  fraternal  societies,  among  which  are  Adelphic 
Lodge,  Knights   of  Honor ;   Monadnock  Lodge,  Inde- 
pendent Order  of  Udd  Fellows  ;  Security  Lodge,  Knights 
and  Ladies  of  Honor  ;   Lawrence  Council,  Royal  Arca- 
num ;  the  Order  of  United  Friends,  and  the  New  Eng- 
land Order  of  Protection.     Being  a  liberal  Democrat, 
and    not   a   strict    partisan,  Mayor    Doe    has   hosts   of 
friends    in   both    political  parties,  and   received    many 
Republican  votes  in  the  municipal  contest. 


462 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AMONG  the  active  and  public-spirited  citizens  of 
Lawrence,  there  are  but  few  who  have  done  more 
than  John  K.  Norwood  to  promote  the  prosperity  of  the 
city,  where  he  has  resided  more  than  thirty-three  years. 
From  a  comparatively  humble  start  in  a  business  career, 
he  has  succeeded  in  building  up  the  largest  insurance 
agency  in  the  city.  Mr.  Norwood  was  born  in  East- 
port,  Me.,  Aug.  6,  1837,  and  after  the  death  of  his 
father,  which  occurred  in  1858,  he  contributed  for  many 
years  to  the  support 
of  the  family.  Go- 
ing to  Lawrence,  he 
went  into  the  insur- 
ance business,  taking 
the  agency  at  first  of 
the  Citizens'  Mutual 
of  Boston  and  of  the 
Merrimack  Mutual  of 
.-Xndover.  At  the 
present  time,  how- 
ever, he  is  the  Law- 
rence agent  for  the 
following  stock  com- 
panics  :  .Etna  of 
Hartford,  Home  of 
New  York,  Fire  Asso- 
ciation of  Philadel- 
phia, North  British 
and  Mercantile  o  f 
England,  Williams- 
burg City  of  New 
York,  Merchants  of 
Newark,  Phcenix  of 
London,  Westchester 
of  New  York,  Han- 
over of  New  York, 
American  of  Newark, 
Girard  of  Philadel- 
phia, Ll^nited  Fire- 
men's of  Philadel- 
phia, Providence-Washington  of  Providence,  Caledonian 
of  Scotland ;  also  of  these  mutual  companies ;  The 
Merrimack  of  Andover,  Traders  and  Mechanics  of 
Lowell,  Worcester  of  Worcester,  Quincy  of  Boston, 
Merchants  and  Farmers  of  Worcester,  Lowell  of  Lowell, 
Cambridge  of  Cambridge,  Dedham  of  Dedham,  Nor- 
folk of  Dedham,  Dorchester  of  Dedham,  Citizens  of 
Boston,  Fitchburg  of  Fitchburg,  Travellers'  Accident 
of    Hartford,   Connecticut    Mutual    Life    of    Hartford. 


JOHN    K,    NORWOOD 


During  the  war  Mr.  Norwood  enlisted  in  the  Ninth 
Massachusetts  Battery,  and  was  severely  wounded  at 
Gettysburg,  July  2,  1863.  The  following  justly  deserved 
tribute  has  been  paid  him  by  Major  Bigelow  :  "  When 
I  joined  the  battery,  I  brought  a  colored  servant  with 
me,  who,  a  few  days  after  reaching  camp  was  pros- 
trated with  a  fever.  For  a  week  the  boy  lay  insensible 
from  the  effects  of  the  fever ;  and  yet  Mr.  Norwood 
tenderly  watched  over  and  cared  for  him.  At  Gettys- 
burg, his  horse's 
head  was  shot  away 
by  a  canon  ball.  He 
freed  himself,  cut 
the  dead  animal 
loose,  and  then 
coolly  mounted  an- 
other, which  in  turn 
was  soon  shot,  as 
were  all  the  others 
attached  to  his  gun. 
He  then  joined  the 
only  person  left  on 
his  gun  unhurt,  and 
remained  figh  t  ing 
until  he  himself  was 
well-nigh  fatally 
wounded."  Mr.  Nor- 
wood was  president 
of  the  Board  of 
Trade  two  years, 
and  made  herculean 
efforts  to  inspire 
energy  in  the  citizens 
to  the  end  of  pro- 
m  o  t  i  n  g  the  pros- 
jjerity  of  the  city. 
He  joined  the  Law- 
rence fire  depart- 
ment in  1858,  and  is 
presidentof  the 
Lawrence  Veteran  Firemen's  Association.  Besides 
these,  he  is  an  active  member  of  the  Old  Residents' 
Association,  Home  Club,  Pine  Tree  State  Club,  Need- 
ham  Post  39,  Grand  Army  of  the  Repubhc,  Ninth 
Massachusetts  Battery  Association  and  the  Gettysburg 
Pilgrim  Club.  He  is  married,  and  has  two  children. 
Although  a  Republican  of  the  more  conservative  type, 
he  has  been  frequently  mentioned  as  a  candidate  for 
the  highest  municipal  office  by  men  of  all  parties. 


LA  WKENCE. 


463 


ALEXANDER  BERN  BRUCE,  the  youngest  mayor 
LawTence   has    ever  had,   has  been   three   times 
elected  to  that  high  office.     Higher  honors  still  would 
have  been  bestowed  upon  him,  if  he  could  ha\e  been 
induced  to  accept  them.     His  popularity  is  not  confined 
to  the  limits  of  the  city  which  he  has  so  faithfully  sened, 
but  extends  thoughout  the  congressional  district.     From 
his  boyhood  Mr.  Bruce  has  displayed  a  remarkably  alert 
and  self-reliant  disposition,  which  has  stimulated  him  to 
self  culture  and   suc- 
cess.    He  is  emphat- 
ically     a     self-made 
man.     He  was   born 
in  Brechin,  Scotland, 
Sept.    17,    1853,  and 
at  an  early  age  came 
to   this  country  with 
his    parents.        They 
were  residents  of 
Andover,     where    he 
lived    until    reaching 
the    age    of     fifteen 
years.    He  then  went 
to  Lawrence  and  se- 
cured  a   position   as 
workman  in  the  bak- 
ery of  the  late  Jona- 
than P.  Kent.     Com- 
mencing at  the    foot 
of  the  ladder,  he  rose 
to    the  upper   round 
before  working  there 
six  years,  being  pro- 
moted to  the  position 
of  foreman  of  the  es- 
tablishment.    After 
Mr.    Kent's    death 
Mr.   Bruce   managed 
the    business    affairs 
until    1 88 1,  when  he 

purchased  an  interest  in  the  concern,  which  until  Feb. 
3,  1 89 1,  was  known  by  the  firm  name  of  Kent  &  Bruce. 
On  the  latter  date  Mr.  Bruce,  became  the  sole  proprietor  of 
the  largely-increased  plant,  which  is  with  one  exception 
the  largest  cracker  and  biscuit  bakery  in  New  England, 
throughout  which  the  excellent  quality  of  its  products  are 
well  known.  At  the  time  of  the  Johnstown  disaster,  as 
quickly  as  news  was  received  that  assistance  was  needed, 
Mr.  Bruce  secured  a  large-sized  freight  car,  and  filling  it 


f 


ALEXANDER    B.    BRUCE 


with  the  best  brand  of  crackers  and  other  goods  manu- 
factured by  his  firm,  he  shipped  it  as  quickly  as  possible 
to  the  mayor  of  Johnstown  as  a  gift  from  his  firm.  Few 
persons  blessed  with  an  abundance  of  worldly  wealth 
have  given  more  liberally  to  the  poor  in  every  worthy 
cause,  and  the  inmates  of  charitable  institutions  have  on 
many  occasions  been  made  glad  through  his  generosity. 
He  is  a  member  of  se\eral  of  the  leading  secret  and 
social  organizations,  and   in  several  of  them  has  been 

honored  with  the 
highest  offices.  Dur- 
ing his  political  ca- 
reer Mr.  Bruce  won 
additional  laurels 
■  each  successive  year. 

He  was  elected  an 
alderman  from  \Vard 
Five  in  1884,  and 
mayor  of  Lawrence 
in  1886-87.  During 
h  i  s  administration 
the  LTnion  Street 
bridge,  an  iron 
structure,  costing 
$65,000,  was  built, 
and  it  was  largely 
due  to  his  persistent 
efforts  by  appealing 
to  the  higher  courts, 
that  the  city  was 
relieved  of  paying 
the  sum  of  $25,000, 
which  was  originally 
assessed  on  it,  and 
that  sum  was  pro- 
vided for  by  the 
other  towns  in  the 
county.  The  new 
protective  wagon  and 
other  apparatus  of 
the  fire  dei>artment  were  purchased  under  his  adminis- 
tration. Mr.  Bruce  is  president  of  the  Lawrence  Board 
of  Trade,  director  of  the  Lawrence  National  Bank, 
trustee  of  the  Wildey  Savings  Bank  of  Boston,  director 
of  the  Lowell,  Lawrence  &  Haverhill  Railroad,  and  a 
director  of  the  New  England  North  Western  Invest- 
ment Company.  He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Odd 
Fellows'  Hall  Association.  Mayor  Bruce  is  popular  with 
men  of  all  parties. 


464 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


w 


iJOR    GEORGE    S.    MERRILL   was    born    in 
Methuen,  Mass.,  March   10,   1837.     He  learned 
the  printer's  trade  in  the  Lawrence  American  office,  of 
which  he  became  part  proprietor  in  1856.     In  early  life 
he  took  an  interest  in  public  affairs  and  earnestly  es- 
poused the    cause    of  the    Republican  party.     He    has 
advocated  its  principles  for  more  than  thirty-five  years, 
and  during  nearly  all  that  period  he  has  been  sole  editor 
and  proprietor  of   the    only  Republican    newspaper   in 
Lawrence.      He  has 
filled   numerous  offi- 
cial  positions    since 
1 86 1,    having   been  [ 

appointed     postmas-  j 

ter  in  that  year,  and 
remaining    twenty-  ' 

four   years    in   the  ' 

office.  During  his 
administration, 
mainly  through  his 
persistent  efforts,  a 
new  post-office  build- 
ing was  provided,  of 
greatly  increased 
capacity,  the  carrier 
system  enlarged,  and 
much-needed  mail 
accommodations 
provided.  Being  an 
able  public  speaker, 
his  voice  was  fre- 
quently heard  on  the 
platform  during  the 
political  campaigns 
until  within  a  few 
years,  and  he  has  de- 
livered numerous  Me- 
morial Day  addresses 
in  various  parts  of 
New   England   since 

the  organization  of  the  Grand  Army.  Major  Merrill  was 
a  member  of  the  Common  Council  in  1859-61,  and  again 
in  1865-66,  when  he  served  as  president  of  that  branch 
of  the  city  government.  He  assisted  in  raising  Com- 
pany B  of  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Regiment,  of  which 
he  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  was  soon  after 
promoted  to  the  captaincy,  serving  eleven  months  with 
General  Banks  in  Louisiana,  from  Sept.  18,  1862,  to 
August,  1863.     To  enter  the  service  he   tendered   his 


resignation  as  postmaster,  but  this  was  declined  and 
leave  of  absence  granted  by  the  post-office  department. 
From  1866  to  1S69  he  was  adjutant  of  the  Sixth  Regi- 
ment, Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia,  which  position 
he  resigned  to  accept  the  commission  of  captain  of  the 
Fourth  Light  Battery,  serving  in  that  capacity  four  years. 
Two  years  later,  when  the  militia  was  reorganized,  he 
was  commissioned  major  of  the  First  Battalion  of  Light 
Artillery,  which  office  he  has  since  filled.     Major  Merrill 

is  one   of   the  past 
commanders   of 
Needham    Post    39, 
Grand  Army  of    the 
Republic,    of    L  a  w- 
rence.      He    was 
State  commander  in 
1875    and    national 
commander   of    the 
Grand  Army  of   the 
Republic    in    i  88  i, 
and  has  held  several 
offices  in  the  Military 
Order  of   the    Loyal 
Legion.    He  was  sec- 
retary of  the  Massa- 
chusetts   Republican 
State    Central    Com- 
mittee from   1869  to 
1877,  and   president 
of  the  Massachusetts 
Press    Club    from 
1869   to    1878.     He 
is  a  member  of   the 
Masonic  fraternity 
and  also  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  of 
Lawrence,  the  Home 
Club   and   several 
political  organiza- 
tions.    He  has  been 
State  insurance  commissioner  since    1888,  and  has  ren- 
dered valuable  public  service  in  causing  the  suspension 
of  numerous  irresponsible  insurance  organizations,  which 
had   robbed  the  people  of   the   State    of   hundreds    of 
thousands   of   dollars.      Major  Merrill  disposed   of    his 
interest  in  the  Lawrence  American  in   1892.     He  was 
married  in  Concord,  N.  H.,  Dec.  29,  1855,  to  Sarah  J. 
Weston.     Of  this  union  are  two  children, — Winfield  G. 
and  Genevieve  Merrill  (now  Mrs.  Magee). 


GEORGE   S.    MERRILL. 


LA  WKENCE. 


465 


JAMES  R.   SIMPSON   is  the   only  one  of  the  many 
ex-mayors  of  Lawrence   who  has  held  the  highest 
municipal  ofifice  four  terms.     He  was  born  in  Canada  in 
1832,  and  his  early  years  were  passed  on  a  farm.     Dur- 
ing the  winter  months  he  was  frequently  compelled  to 
walk   six    miles   daily   over  unbroken   roads  to  attend 
school.     When  fifteen  years  of  age  he  graduated  from 
the  Stanstead    Academy,   and   then   for  four   years  he 
taught  a  country  school.     At  the  age  of  nineteen,  he 
came  to  Boston  and 
secured  a  position  in 
a   furniture    store. 
Later,  he  worked  in 
one  of  the    mills   in 
Lowell,    and    in    the 
])rint  works  at  Man- 
chester, N.  H.    Here 
he  rose  to  the  posi- 
tion of  o\  erseer  and 
remained    there    till 
the    works   were   de- 
stroyed  by   fire.     In 
the  spring  of  1853  he 
went    to    Lawrence 
and  after  working  for 
the    Pacific    and 
Atlantic  mills  entered 
the   employ  of  Shat- 
tuck    Brothers,    gro- 
cers.      He    subse- 
quently  formed   a 
copartnership    w  i  t  h 
.Mfred    A.    Lamprey, 
now  president  of  the 
Lawrence    Lumber 
Company,     and     for 
twenty  years  they 
conducted    the    gro- 
cery business   under 
the   fi  r  m  name  of 

A.  A.  Lamprey  &  Co.  In  1S78  Mr.  Simpson  purchased 
Mr.  Lamprey's  interest  in  the  firm,  and  has  since  carried 
on  the  business  alone,  assisted  by  his  son,  James  E. 
Simpson.  The  latter  is  a  graduate  of  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology.  Mr.  Simpson  has  been  inter- 
ested in  various  business  enterprises.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  active  promoters  of  the  erection  of  the  Mer- 
chants' National  Bank  Building  and  the  L^nited  Order 
of  Pilgrim  Fathers'  Building,  two  of  the  finest  structures 


JAMES    R.    SIMPSON 


on  the  main  business  street.  He  also  owns  much  other 
valuable  property  in  the  city.  iSIr.  Simpson  is  president 
and  director  of  the  Merchants'  Bank,  which,  during  the 
four  years  of  its  existence,  has  done  a  larger  business 
than  any  other  bank  in  Lawrence.  Mr.  Simpson's 
political  career  has  been  distinguished  by  the  uniform 
favor  with  which  he  has  been  received  when  a  candi- 
date for  public  office.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Common  Council  in  1863,  but  took  no  part  in  political 

matters    again    until 
1878,  when    he    was 
elected   mayor.     He 
was     re-elected     the 
succeeding  two  years. 
He  was  again  chosen 
to  the  same  office  in 
1 885, and  at  the  close 
of  that  year  he   de- 
clined  a   re-nomina- 
tion.     Since    then, 
ii  o  w  e  \'  e  r  ,   he   has 
served  as   trustee   of 
the  water  loan  sink- 
ing   fund,     but     has 
uniformly  declined 
to  accept  other  posi- 
tions tendered    him. 
He    is    president   of 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers' 
Hall  Association, 
Past  Master  of  Gre- 
cian   Lodge    of   Ma- 
sons, and    has    been 
elected    for    twenty- 
six  consecutive  years 
its  treasurers  he  is  a 
member  of  Mount 
Sinai  Royal  Arch 
Chapter  and  Beth- 
any   Commandery, 
Knights  Templar.    Mr.  Simpson  has  been  for  many  years 
one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Lawrence  Board 
of  Trade.     As  private   citizen,  as  business  man  and  as 
public    official,   Mr.  Simpson  has  acquired    a   personal 
popularity  which  has  stood  the  test  of    time,  and  his 
career  has  been   marked  by  a  strict  integrity  which  has 
gained  for  him  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  fellow- 
citizens,  to  whom  he  has  repeatedly  rendered  such  valu- 
able public  service. 


466 


A/ASSAC/7USETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    S.   JEWEIT  was  born  in  St.  George, 
New  Brunswick,  Marcli   lo,  1862,  and  though 
yet  a  young  man  of  thirty-one  years,  he  has  ably  admin- 
istered the  affairs  of  three  national  banks  as  their  presi- 
dent.   His  father,  residing  temporarily  in  New  Brunswick, 
returned  to  the  United  States,  and  to  Massachusetts  again 
in  1865,  and  thus  from  his  third  year,  Mr.  Jewett  has 
made  the  city  of  Lawrence,  in  that  State,  his  home.     He 
attended  the  public  schools  and  took  a  partial  course  in  the 
high    school.     Leav- 
ingschool,he  worked 
for  his  father  in  the 
house  furnishing 
business     and    for 
ten    years    devoted 
himself   wholly   to 
this     line     of  trade. 
In    1888    he    began 
banking.    He  studied 
the     business     thor- 
oughly and  was  care- 
ful, aggressive  and  a 
tireless  worker. 
These      ijualities 
shaped     his    career. 
He  became  a  direc- 
tor and  subseiiuently 
president     of      the 
Essex  National  Bank 
in  Haverhill,    Mass., 
when     the     deposits 
of  the  bank  amounted 
only  to  f  if  ty-nine 
thousand    dollars. 
After   a   year  and   a 
half  the  deposits, 
under    his     manage- 
ment,   increased    to 
four  hundred   thous- 
and   dollars.     In 

1890  he  founded  the  Arlington  National  Bank  of  Law- 
rence and  became  its  president.  This  position  he 
resigned  in  1891  to  become  vice-president  and  acting 
president  of  the  National  Pemberton  Bank  of  Lawrence, 
next  to  the  oldest  institution  in  the  city,  and  than  which 
none  was  more  prosperous.  It  had  an  invested  capital 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  undivided 
profits  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  and 
deposits  of   over  four  hundred    thousand  dollars.     He 


later  became  president  of  this  bank  and  retained  this 
position  until  the  bank  was  consolidated  with  the 
Arlington,  which  he  had  founded  three  years  before. 
Mr.  Jewett  has  been  a  busy  man  even  outside  the  bank- 
ing business.  His  most  important  business  stroke  in  this 
particular  was  his  purchase  in  June,  1892,  of  the  entire 
plant  of  the  Lawrence  American,  the  leading  news- 
paper of  the  city.  He  formed  a  stock  company,  and 
the   paper   is  now  being  conducted   more    successfully 

than  ever  before.  It 
is  Republican  in  pol- 
itics, circulating 
among  a  population 
in  I>awrence  and  sur- 
rounding towns,  of 
over  sixty  thousand 
inhabitants,  and  is  a 
successful  and  influ- 
ential journal.  P  e  r- 
sonally,  as  well  as  in 
business  relations, 
Mr.  Jewett  is  a  most 
agreeable  m  an  to 
meet.  He  has  in 
his  business  r  e  1  a  - 
tions  the  sharp,  de- 
cisive way  of  arriving 
at  conclusions  that 
stamp  men  of  execu- 
tive ability,  but  when 
no  business  cares  op- 
press him,  he  is  a 
most  agreeable  com- 
panion. He  is  mar- 
ried and  has  two 
children.  He  at- 
tends Grace  Episco- 
pal Church.  Mr. 
Jewett's  banking  ex- 
perience has  ex- 
tended over  a  few  years  only,  but  it  has  been  full  of 
brilliant  successes  and  marks  him  as  one  of  the  ablest 
financiers  of  the  city.  The  secret  of  his  success  lies  in 
the  fact  that  he  thoroughly  mastered  all  the  details  as 
well  as  the  principles  of  the  business,  and  that  all  his 
transactions  ha\e  been  characterized  by  the  strictest 
integrity.  His  record  as  the  successful  president  of 
three  national  banks  is  one  to  which  but  few  men  of  his 
years  can  point  and  is  an  earnest  of  a    brilliant  career. 


WILLIAM    S.    JEWETT. 


SOMERVILLE,  one  of  Boston's  bed-chambers,  is  built  on  seven  liills,  three  miles  from  the  capitol.  Although 
it  celebrated  its  semi-centennial  as  a  town  June  17,  1892,  its  life  has  the  respectability  of  antiquity.  Its 
early  history  is  closely  identified  with  the  events  which  made  the  record  of  colonial  times,  and  it  points  with 
pride  to  many  landmarks  of  national  interest.  The  title  of  the  original  site  came  from  Chief  Webcowit  of  the 
Pawtucket  Indians,  and  his  queen,  Squa  Sachem.  The  very  first  hostile  demonstration  made  by  the  British  in  the 
Revolution  was  the  voyage  up  Mystic  river  from  Boston  to  Ten  Hills  Farm,  landing  at  a  wharf,  the  decaying 
timbers  of  which  can  still  be  seen.  The  objective  point  was  the  famous  old  Powder  House,  still  standing,  from 
which  they  took  two  hundred  and  fifty  casks  of  powder  belonging  to  the  towns  of  the  vicinity.  Somerville  was 
included  at  that  time  with  the  present  district  of  Charlestown,  under  the  latter  name.  After  Bunker  Hill  the 
retreating  Americans  threw  up  hasty  fortifications  on  Winter  and  Prospect  Hills,  where,  during  the  siege  which 
followed,  the  Union  flag,  consisting  of  thirteen  stripes,  was  first  unfurled  in  the  face  of  the  foe  Jan.  i,  1776. 

During  the  second  period  of  her  history,  which  ended  with  her  incorporation  as  a  town  in  1842,  six  events 
stand  out  as  having  a  direct  influence  on  her  niaturer  life.  The  first  is  the  completion,  in  1808,  of  the  Middlesex 
Canal  between  Boston  and  Concord,  N.  H.,  the  first  one  of  any  considerable  length  in  the  country,  which  passed 
through  the  town's  northern  boundaries,  where  its  course  may  still  be  traced.  The  second  event  was  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  McLean  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  in  1818,  by  the  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  Corporation.  It 
still  exists.  It  took  its  name  in  1826  from  John  McLean,  who  gave  to  it  nearly  $100,000.  June  25,  1835,  saw  the 
opening  of  the  Lowell  Railroad.  After  many  years  two  stations  were  designated  within  the  town  limits.  The 
fourth  event  in  this  period  was  the  founding  of  the  cemetery  on  Somenille  Avenue  in  1808.  Within  its  unlovely 
fence  rest  the  ashes  of  some  of  Somerville's  brave  sons  who  died  on  Southern  battlefields.  The  one  blot  on  the 
fair  record  of  the  State  which  Somerville  might  wish  to  efface,  is  the  burning,  in  1834,  of  the  Ursuline  Convent  on 
Mt.  Benedict  by  an  angry  mob.     It  had  been  established  by  the  Order  of  St.  Ursula  seven  years  before. 

In  1828  the  people  living  in  the  northern  part  of  Charlestown,  "outside  the  Neck,"  made  the  first  step 
towards  separation,  by  petitioning  for  an  act  of  incorporation  as  the  town  of  Warren.  The  given  reasons  were 
dissatisfaction  with  the  expenditure  of  taxes  for  improvements  which  did  not  benefit  them,  and  distant  school- 
houses.     They  were  given  leave  to  withdraw. 

In  1842  the  town  of  Somerville  was  formally  incorporated,  the  result  of  a  petition  having  one  hundred  and 
fifty-two  signers.  Active  in  the  passage  of  the  bill  was  Charles  E.  Oilman,  for  forty-six  years  town  and  city 
clerk,  a  man  whose  name  is  to-day  one  of  Somerville's  proudest  and  tenderest  memories.  The  public  property 
of  the  new-fledged  town  was  worth  altogether  §6,655,  and  its  i)opulation  was  1,103.  Under  its  town  charter  the  little 
village  grew  symmetrically,  blossoming  out  into  greater  intelligence  and  deeper  religious  life.  In  the  "  time  that 
tried  men's  souls  "  she  gave  of  her  money  and  her  men,  and  liberally  of  both.  .AH  the  improvements  that  mark  a 
town's  growth  to  the  stature  of  a  city  were  added  as  needed.  In  1871  she  found  that  her  sons  numbered  sufficient 
to  make  her  a  city,  and  Jan.  i,  1872,  she  became  the  city  of  Somerville. 

The  city  is  essentially  a  residential  one,  though  not  without  its  business  life.  Its  schools  have  ever  been  its 
chiefest  pride,  known  the  Commonwealth  over,  both  for  their  work  and  for  their  many  distinguished  teachers. 
The  several  departments  of  the  city  are  models  of  their  kind,  and  a  new  hospital  has  just  been  completed  which 
the  people  are  proud  of.  The  population  shown  by  the  last  census  was  40,152,  a  gain  of  15,119  in  ten  years. 
Building  is  going  on  continually,  and  edifices  rise  almost  in  a  night.  Somerville  is  still  growing ;  but  it  is  in 
the  lives  of  her  citizens  that  she  finds  her  best  and  fullest  life.  The  list  of  those  to  whom  she  owes  her  prosperity 
is  a  long  and  honored  one,  through  which  she  reaches  into  the  "large  places"  of  state  and  national  life. 


468 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGP:  ANSON  BRUCE,  an  eminent  lawyer  of 
great  ability,  has  been  mayor  of  Someville  and 
president  of  the  Massachusetts  Senate.     He  is  the  son 
of  Nathaniel  and   Lucy   (Butterfield)   Bruce.     He  was 
born  in  Mount  \'ernon,    Hillsborough  County,  N.  H., 
Nov.  19,  1839.     His  early  education  and  his   prepara- 
tion for  college  were  obtained  at  the  Appleton  Academy, 
Mount  Vernon,  and  he  was  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
College    in    the    class  of   1861.      The  law  engaged  his 
attention  and  he 
immediately  began 
its  study.     But   the 
cause  of   the  Union 
was  a  greater  cause, 
and  in  1862   he  en- 
tered the   service  of 
the  Union   Army  as 
first  lieutenant  of 
the  Thirteenth  New 
Hampshire      \'olun- 
teers.      His   promo- 
tion was  rapid.     He 
served  as  aid,  judge- 
advocate,     inspector 
and    assistant    adju- 
tant-general on  staff 
duty.       His    service 
extended  throughout 
the  war,  and  July  3, 
1865,    he    was    mus- 
tered out  of  service. 
He  was  honored  by 
three  distinct  brevet 
promotions.        Th  e 
first    was  for  service 
at  Petersburg,  in 
1864;     the    second, 
that    of    major,    for 
gallant  service  at  the 
capture  of  Fort  Har- 
rison the  same  year;  and  the  third,  that  of  lieutenant- 
colonel,  for  distinguished  services  in    connection  with 
the  capture   of  Richmond,  April  3,    1865.     When   Mr. 
Bruce  returned  to  civil  life,  he  again  entered  into  the 
study  of  his  chosen  profession  in  Lowell,  but  still  kept 
his    residence    at    Mount   Vernon.       In    i856  he    was 
elected  as  representative  to  the  New  Hampshire  Legis- 
lature.    This  was  peculiarly  creditable  to  his  standing 
in  the  community,  as  he  was  the  first  and  only  Republi- 


GEORGE    A.     BRUCE. 


can  ever  elected  from  that  district.  In  October,  1866, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Lowell,  and  the  next 
year  he  began  the  practice  of  his  jirofession  in  Boston. 
He  has  there  attained  an  honorable  place  among  the 
leaders  of  the  legal  fraternity,  securing  a  large  clientele 
and  a  lucrative  practice.  He  went  to  Somerville  in 
1874,  and  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  associate 
justice  of  the  police  court.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  .Aldermen  in   1876,  and  was  mayor  of  the  city 

during    the    years 
1877,    1880   and 
1881.    In  1882, 1883 
and  1884,  he  repre- 
sented his  city  in  the 
State    Senate,  being 
chairman   of   the 
Hoosac  Tunnel  Com- 
mittee and    a  mem- 
ber  of  the  commit- 
tees on   Military  Af- 
fairs   and    Constitu- 
tional   .'Amendments. 
The    latter   year    he 
was  president  of  the 
Senate.     He  was  one 
of   the    most    wiilely 
known  and  most  \>o\i- 
ular  of  the  members 
of    the     Legislature 
during      his    service 
there,  as  he  was  one 
of    the    most    able. 
Since  his  retirement 
from  active  political 
life,  he  has  given  his 
time   and    talents  to 
many  of   the  impor- 
tant cases  coming 
before    the    Legisla- 
ture from    year   to 
year.     His  long  experience  as  a  member  of  the  General 
Court  and  his  wide  acquaintance  with  ptiblic  men  make 
him   a  dreaded  antagonist  and  a  very  successful  advo- 
cate, and  he  has  the  reputation  of  rarely  losing  a  case. 
During  his    administration    of  the  municipal   affairs  of 
Somerville,  which  ga\  e  imboiinded  satisfaction  to    the 
citizens,    manv    im])ortant    public    improvements   were 
inaugurated  and  carried  out.     In  1870  Mr.  Bruce  was 
married  in  Groton  to  Clara  M.  Hall. 


SOMER  VfLLE. 


469 


THE    Boston   &   Maine    Railroad,    with    its    various 
divisions  and  tiie  connections  which  it  controls, 
is  one  of  the  great  railway  systems  not  alone  of   New 
England  but  of  the  country,  and  the  story  of  its  growth 
would  be  the  story  of  the  growth  of  a  great  part  of  New 
England  north  of   Boston.     Daniel  W.  Sanborn   is  the 
general  superintendent  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad 
system,  and  as  he  has  been  in  the  railroad  business  for 
more  than  thirty-three  years,  he   has  a  wide  acquaint- 
ance among  railroad 
and  business  men 
throughout  New 
England,  and  is  one 
of  the  prominent  fig- 
ures  in   the    Massa- 
chusetts   of    to-day. 
He    was   born   at 
Wakefield,  N.  H., 
was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native    town   and  at 
the  Wakefield  Acad- 
emy,   learned    ship 
c  a  r  [5  e  n  t  r  y     and 
worked  at  the  trade 
until    May,    1859, 
when  he  entered  the 
railroad  service  at 
Portsmouth,   N.   H., 
and  was  employed  at 
the  Eastern  Railroad 
station     there     until 
August,    1863.      The 
next    two    years    he 
was  a  brakeman  on 
a   passenger    train 
running    between 
Portsmouth    and 
Portland.      From 
1864  until    1 87 1    he 

was  conductor  of  a  passenger  train  on  the  same  route  ; 
in  1871  and  1872  his  "run"  was  from  Portland  to  Bos- 
ton; and  from  1872  until  1879,  between  Boston  and 
Bangor.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  appointed  master  of 
transportation  of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  This  position 
he  filled  with  great  credit  to  himself,  and  to  the  perfect 
satisfaction  of  the  company,  until  the  Eastern  was  leased 
to  the  Boston  &:  Maine,  when  he  was  made  superintend- 
ent of  the   Eastern   Division  of  the  Boston  &  Maine, 


DANIEL    W.    SANBORN. 


holding  this  office  until  July  i,  1890.  He  was  then 
appointed  superintendent  of  the  Southern  Division  (the 
old  Boston  &  Lowell,  which  had  been  leased  by  the 
Boston  &  Maine)  of  this  great  system.  After  the  death 
of  James  T.  Furber,  general  manager  of  the  Boston  & 
Maine,  the  position  of  general  superintendent  of  the 
system  was  created,  and  Mr.  Sanborn,  in  February, 
1892,  was  invited  by  the  directors  to  accept  it.  Mr. 
Sanborn  has  been  highly  successful  in  all  the  responsible 

positions    he  has 
held,   and    enjoys   a 
great  personal  popu- 
larity among  railroad 
men  in  general.     He 
was  at   one   time 
president  of  the 
American     Railroad 
.Superintendents'  As- 
sociation.      His 
brother,  John  W., 
who  was  formerly  su- 
perintendent  of   the 
Northern  Division  of 
the  Boston  &  Maine, 
has   been,  since   the 
death  of  Mr.  Furber, 
acting  general  man- 
ager of   the   system. 
Mr.  Sanborn    is  a 
member   of   Soley 
Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M., 
of    Somerville,    and 
S  t  r  a  w  b  e  r  r  )■  Bank 
I",  n  c  a  m  p  m  e  n  t , 
1.0.  ().  F.,  of  Ports- 
— ■'         mouth,    N.  -H.      In 
1856  he  was  married 
to     Miss     Lucy    M. 
Lydston,   of   E  1  i  o  t. 
Me.     Two    children 
have  been  added  to  the  family,  —  a  daughter  and  a  son. 
The  latter,  Fred   E.,  is  a  passenger  conductor  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  and  runs  between  Portland  and 
Bar  Harbor.     Mr.   Sanborn's    daughter    is   the   wife   of 
James  M.  French,  ticket  agent  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
in  Boston.     Every  one  of  the  thousands  of  employees  on 
the  Boston  &  Maine   system  feels   that,  as  long  as  he 
does   his   duty,  he   has  a  warm   friend    in  the   general 
superintendent.     Mr.  Sanborn's  home  is  in  Somerville. 


470 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


EDWARD  GLINES  has  been  closely  and  continually 
identified   with  the  history  of  Somerville  since  it 
became   a  city,  and  has  played  no  small  part  in  State 
politics.     Born  in  Somerville,  Aug.  31,   1849,  his  father, 
Jacob  T.,  was  a  direct  descendant  of  Israel  Glines,  one 
of  the  settlers  of  Falmouth  in  1630.   He  graduated  from 
the  high  school  in   1869,  and  was  first  employed  in  a 
fancy  grocery  store  in  Charlestown,  where  he  stayed  but 
a  few  months.     His  next  venture  was  an  express  line, 
which  he  ran  for  two 
years   between    Bos- 
ton  and    Somerville. 
In  1872,  he  entered 
his  father's   coffee 
importing  and  roast- 
ing establishment  in 
Boston,    as    clerk. 
He  gradually  reached 
the  head  of  the  busi- 
ness, which  he  n  o  w 
owns,    becoming    i  n 
1880,  his  father's  suc- 
cessor.    H  i  s   politi- 
cal ability  was   early 
apparent,   and    his 
first   ofhce   was   t  h  e 
chairmanship  of  the 
Republican    City 
Committee.    Follow- 
ing that  office,  came 
his   election  to   the 
Common  Council  in 
1878,  and  his  re-elec- 
tion, as  its  president 
the  next  year.    Here- 
fused  the  aldermanic 
nomination,   but 
was    elected    to   the 
Massachusetts  House 
o  f     Representatives 

in  1882.  In  this  house  were  Congressmen  O'Neil, 
Andrew,  Cogswell,  Hayden,  and  Allen.  The  next  year 
he  was  re-elected  to  the  House  in  the  face  of  vigorous 
and  prolonged  opposition.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Street  Railroads.  Two  years  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  and  financial  committees  of  the 
State  Central  Committee  followed,  and  in  1886  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate.  He  served  on  important 
committees  as  follows  :  Railroads,  Labor,  Public  Health, 


EDWARD   GLINES 


Roads,  and  Bridges  (chairman),  Expediting  Business 
(chairman).  In  this  session  he  made  his  famous  speech 
on  the  temperance  question,  raising  a  storm  about  his 
ears.  But  he  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  as 
chairman  of  the  Railroad  Committee,  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Federal  Elections,  and  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Expediting  Business.  As  chairman  of 
the  Railroad  Committee,  he  reported  and  advocated 
the  passage  of  two  important  bills — the  consolidation  of 

the  Old  Colony  with 
the  Providence,  and 
the    roads    forming 
the  present  Boston 
and  Maine   system. 
He  has  the  remarka- 
ble record  of   never 
having   lost   a   bill 
reported    from    h  i  s 
committee.     Since 
his    retirement  from 
the  Senate   in   1888, 
his   only    political 
honors  have  been  as 
a   delegate    to    the 
Republican  National 
Convention    in 
Minneapolis,  in  1892, 
and  presidential 
elector   on    the   Re- 
publican    ticket    i  n 
1892.    He  has  always 
been  connected  with 
all    enterprises     to 
benefit   the   commu- 
nity, and  foremost  in 
chari  t  ab  1  e  works. 
He   was    interested 
in    the  formation    of 
the  Somerville   Cen- 
tral Club,  was  a  for- 
mer member  of  the  Somerville  Webcowit  Club,  is  a  life 
member  of  the  Somerville  Improvement  Society  and  is 
now  a  member  of  the  Winter  Hill  Club  of  Somerville, 
and  the  Central,  Middlesex,  New  England,  and  Taylor 
clubs    of   Boston,  and  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of   the 
Revolution.     He  has  held  offices  in  the  Odd   Fellows 
and    Knights    of    Honor,    and    is    a    Mason,    Knights 
Templar  degree.     He  was  married  in  1872,  and  has  no 
children. 


SOMERVILLE. 


47  i 


JOHN   HASKELL   BUTLER  is  widely  known  as  a 
lawyer    of   great    ability,  and  a  man  who   stands 
high  in  the  councils  of  charitable  and  fraternal  organi- 
zations.    He  was  born   in    Middleton  x^ug.    31,    1841, 
being  the  son  of  John  and  Mary  J.  (Barker)  Butler  of 
that  town.     He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Groton 
and  Shirley,  fitting  for  college  at  the  Lawrence  Academy 
in  Groton.     Yale  is  his  alma  mater,  and  he  was  gradu- 
ated with  the  class  of  1863,  bearing  high  honors.     Aiter 
h  i  s   graduation    h  e 
served  in  the  United 
States    Navy,   and 
then  entered  the  law 
office  of  John  Q.  A. 
Griffin   and  William 
S.  Stearns  of  Charles- 
town,  and  after  two 
years  of  reading  was 
admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1 868.     That  same 
year    he    formed    a 
co-partnership     with 
William    S.     Stearns 
for    the  transaction 
of    legal    business, 
and    the    firm    of 
Stearns  &   Butler  is 
to-day    one    of    the 
best  known   in  Bos- 
ton.    He    went    to 
Somerville    in    1870, 
and    served    on    the 
School  Committee 
there   for    twelve 
years,    from     1876. 
In    1880    Mr.  Butler 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber   of    the    lower 
branch  of   the  State 
Legislature,  and  the 

following  year  was  re-elected.  He  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  council  from  the  third  district  in 
1884  by  the  Legislature  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  Hon.  Charles  R.  McLean.  His  service  in  this 
capacity  was  such  as  to  re-elect  him,  and  he  represented 
the  same  district  in  the  council  in  1885  and  1886.  In 
all  charitable  schemes  he  is  an  influential  worker,  and 
is  recognized  as  such  in  Somerville  and  elsewhere.  For 
two  years,  from  1883  to  1885,  he  held  a  position  which 


JOHN    H.    BUTLER 


few  men  have  the  honor  of  attaining  —  Supreme  Regent 
of  the  Royal  Arcanum.  He  is  now  chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Laws  of  that  order.  In  1 887-1 888  he 
filled  the  office  of  supreme  representative  of  the  Knights 
of  Honor.  At  the  present  time  he  is  advisory  counsel 
of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  Ancient  Ortler 
of  LTnited  Workmen.  He  is  also  chairman  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Laws  of  that  body.  In  the  fraternal  and 
social  order  of  the  Home  Circle  he  has  been  a  power, 

holding  many  offices 
in    the    gift    of    its 
members,  and  he  is 
now   its    supreme 
treasurer.     His  abil- 
ity as  a  financier  is 
indicated    by    his 
appointment    as    re- 
ceiver of  the  Suffolk 
Trust  Company.   For 
two   years    he    was 
president  of  the  Na- 
tional Fraternal  Con- 
gress, being  also  the 
e.xecuti\e    officer   of 
the    Eastern  Associ- 
ates for  three  years. 
He    holds    member- 
ship in  the  following 
organizations  :   Soley 
Lodge,  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted  Masons  ; 
Boston  Lodge,  Inde- 
pendent  Order   of 
Odd    Fellows ;    Bay 
State  Council,  A.  L. 
H. ;   Webcoivit  Club, 
Excelsior  Council, 
Royal  Arcanum  :  Mt. 
Benedict    Lodge, 
Knights    of    Honor  ; 
Bacon    Lodge,    Ancient    Order   of    ITnited    \\'orkmen  ; 
L"ni\ersity  Club  of  Boston  ;  Somerville  Council,  Home 
Circle,  and  New  England  Commercial  Travellers'  Asso- 
ciation, of  which  latter  he  is  general  counsel.     Jan.  i, 
1870,  Mr.  Butler  married  Laura  L.,  daughter  of  Jabez 
B.  and   Mary  Bull,  in  Pottstown,  Penn.     They  have  one 
son,  John  Lawton    Butler.     There  are  few  men  whose 
activities    cover  a   wider   range    than  is   shown  in  the 
career  of  Mr.  Butler. 


472 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN  HAICIH  is  one  of  Somerville's  best-known 
business  men.  He  is  part  owner  of  the  Middle- 
sex Bleachery  and  Dye  Works,  which  is  one  of  the 
largest  industries  in  Somerville,  and  a  high  degree 
Mason.  He  was  born  in  Dukinfield,  Cheshire,  England, 
Dec.  31,  1832,  and  is  the  son  of  George  and  Hannah 
(Parkinfield)  Haigh.  He  obtained  his  early  knowl- 
edge of  books  in  the  grammar  schools  of  his  native 
town.  \\'hen  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was 
apprenticed  to  the 
trade  of  calico 
printer,  which  trade 
is  to-day  the  founda- 
tion of  his  success. 
He  left  the  land  of 
his  birth  and  came 
to  America  in  1855, 
and  in  the  early  part 
of  the  next  year, 
1856,  he  became  en- 
gaged with  the 
Pacific  Mills  at  Law- 
rence. After  eigh- 
teen years  of  service 
with  that  firm,  he 
severed  his  connec- 
tion with  them  in 
1873.  This  was  to 
enable  him  to  take 
charge  of  the  print- 
ing department  of 
the  Middlesex 
Bleachery  and  Dye 
Works,  of  which  he 
has  since  become 
half  owner.  April 
12,  1859,  Mr.  Haigh 
was  married  in  Per- 
kins, Me.,  to  Lucy 
Jane,      daughter     of 

Captain  Redford  D.  and  Jane  Bowker  Talhnan.  Mr. 
Haigh  has  always  been  associated  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  not  as  a  connnunirant  Init  as  a 
thorough  believer  in  its  governmental  policy,  l^ilieral 
always,  and  charitable  towards  others  of  different 
denominational  views,  he  has  been  a  strong  suii|.)orter 
of  his  special  choice,  and  generous  in  church  contribu- 
tions, whether  for  local  or  missionary  interests,  and  this 
liberality  has  kept  full  pace  with  his  increasing  means. 


JOHN    HAIGH 


He  has  long  been  an  enthusiastic  member  and  worthy 
exemplar  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  which  he  joined  in 
I-awrence  in  1859.  He  has  been  master  of  two  lodges, 
and  by  regular  election  has  been  at  the  head  of  chap- 
ter, council  and  commandery.  In  the  Grand  Chapter 
he  has  held  the  office  of  district  deputy,  grand  high 
priest  and  deputy  grand  high  priest.  He  held  the 
latter  position  in  1878.  For  several  years  he  was  grand 
recorder  of    the   Grand  Council  of    Royal   and   Select 

Masters,   and  from 
this  he  was   elected 
most    illustrious 
grand  master,  which 
position  he  filled  for 
three  years,  consec- 
utively.     In     1883 
he  was  elected  grand 
conductor    of     the 
General     Grand 
Council,    Royal    and 
Select  Masters  of  the 
United   States,  for 
three    years.     He   is 
the  representative  of 
grand    bodies    in 
chapter,  council  and 
commandery  organi- 
zations,   and    is    an 
active   member    of 
the    Supreme    Coun- 
cil    of     the    United 
States  in  the  Ancient 
Accepted       Scottish 
Rite.     He    is    also 
past    most    puissant 
sovereign     grand 
commander   of    that 
body.     Mr.    Haigh 
has     recently     com- 
pleted, at  Somerville, 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  residences  in  the  city.     There 
he  has  a  private  library  which  is,  perhaps,  the  richest  in 
choice  masonic  literature  of  any  in  New  England.     He 
has  acquired  no  small  fame  as  a  collector,  and  his  cab- 
inets contain  many  rare  coins,  medals  and  articles  of 
vertu  of  all  sorts  that  are  characteristic  of  the  intelli- 
gent study  of    the  collector.     He  is  a  connoisseur  in 
numismatics,  and  has  rare  artistic  taste,  which  his  means 
fortunately  enable  him  to  gratify. 


SOMERVILLE. 


473 


JOHN   MEDINA  is  a  native  of  the  Azores  Islands, 
where  he  was  born  Oct.  23,  1837,  being  the  son  of 
John  and  Marianne   (Silva)  Medina.     He  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1851,  and  here  it  was  that  he  finished 
his  education,  entering  the  pubhc  schools  of  the  city  of 
Lawrence,    Mass.,    where    he    took   up    his   residence. 
Although  his  attendance  at  school  in  this  country  was 
very  limited,  he  rapidly  acquired  a  knowledge  of  the 
English   language,   and  when   he   left  the    presence    of 
teachers     he    began 
his   career,    which 
stands  to-day  as  that 
of  a  self-made  man 
in  the  strict  interpre- 
tation of  that  phrase. 
In  his  youth  he  took 
up     and     thoroughly 
learned  the  trade  of 
a    hair  -  dresser   and 
manufacturer  of  hair 
goods,    and   being  a 
natural  artist  he  early 
showed  marked  evi- 
dences of  future  suc- 
cess in    this  calling. 
At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen  he  bought   out 
the  then  well-known 
house    of    Monsieur 
ChebasoU,    of    1  .aw- 
rence,    who     was    a 
French  wigmakerand 
manufacturer  of  artifi- 
cial hair  goods.     Mr. 
Medina    carried    on 
that  business  success- 
fully for  several  years, 
but  he  was  ambitious 
and  not  satisfied  w'ith 
a  small  undertaking. 

Going  to  Worcester,  he  opened  a  hair  dressing  and  hair 
manufacturing  store  and  carried  on  the  business  with 
much  success.  At  the  same  time  he  came  to  Boston 
and  established  himself  on  Washington  Street,  where  he 
has  now  been  located  over  twenty  years,  extending  and 
enlarging  his  business  until  his  house  has  become  the 
leading  one  in  its  line,  being  known  throughout  the 
country,  to  all  parts  of  which  his  goods  are  sent.  For 
several  years  Mr.  Medina  was  the  senior  member  of  the 


\ 


\ 


JOHN    MEDINA, 


firm  of  Medina  Brothers,  sending  vessels  between  Bos- 
ton, New  Bedford  and  the  Azores  Islands,  laden  with 
grain,  lumber,  etc.,  and  carrying  passengers  ;  three  ves- 
sels made  up  the  fleet.  He  has  also  been  quite  largely 
interested  in  sperm  whaling  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  In 
r88o  Mr.  Medina  removed  his  residence  to  Somerville, 
where  he  purchased  a  portion  of  the  Russell  estate. 
Clarendon  Hill,  \\'est  Somerville,  and  modernized  the 
building  for  his  present  home.     In   1887  he  erected  a 

handsome  brick 
block  in  Davis 
Square,  which  bears 
his  name,  with  mod- 
ern apartments  and 
stores,  and  he  was 
really  the  pioneer  in 
the  improvements  of 
that  locality,  which 
followed  in  the  rapid 
growth  of  building, 
population  and  bus- 
iness generally.  Mr. 
Medina  cast  his  first 
vote  in  this  country 
for  .\braham  Lincoln, 
and  has  always  \  oted 
the  Republican 
*'*^'  ticket   with   the    ex- 

ception of  once  vot- 
ing for  the  late  Gen- 
eral B.  F.  Butler, 
when  Democratic 
candidate  for  gover- 
nor. He  has  often 
been  asked  to  accept 
-  ofifices  of  public 
—  -  trust  but  has  declined 

these  requests,  feel- 
ing that  he  could  not 
give  them  proper 
attention  on  account  of  his  business.  He  is  a  member 
of  several  orders,  among  them  the  Odd  Fellows,  Royal 
Arcanum,  American  Legion  of  Honor  and  Pilgrim 
Fathers.  In  October,  1878,  at  Boston,  Mr.  Medina 
married  Anne  Fish,  daughter  of  Elias  and  Sarah  Fish, 
of  Newcastle,  Me.  They  have  one  child,  —  John 
Medina,  Jr.  Mr.  Medina  is  identified  with  every  move- 
ment that  has  for  its  object  the  improvement  of  the 
pleasant  city  wherein  he  resides. 


474 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WARREN  E.  LOCKE,  although  one  of  the  youngest 
of  the   business   men  of  Somerville,  has  done 
more  than  many  who  boast  of  twice  his  years  to  advance 
the  interests  of  the  city.     Although  not  a  natixe  of  the 
jtlace,  he  has  the  interests  of  the  city  at  heart,  and  has, 
in  the  few  years  that  he  has  resided  in  the  place,  worked 
with  an  earnestness  that  has  marked  him  as  a  man  of 
progressive   ideas  and   of  great  executive   ability.     He 
was  born  in  Exeter,  N.  H.,  April   3,   1S63,  and  is  the 
son    of    Morris    and 
Mary     E.     (Dow) 
Locke  of  that  town. 
While    he   was   quite 
young     his     parents 
removed  to  the  town 
of  Northampton,  and 
it   was    here  that  he 
received     his     early 
education  in   the 
public    schools.     He 
graduated    from    the 
schools   of   North- 
ampton    with     high 
honors,   and    then 
entered  the    New 
Hampton  Literary 
Institution.    He  took 
a  three  years'  course 
of  study  in  this  insti- 
tution, and   then  his 
business  instincts 
manifested     t  h  e  m  - 
selves.     He    left  the 
school  at  the  comple- 
tion    of    the     three 
years,  and    his   early 
business  was  that  of 
the    manufacture    of 
wooden     ware     at 
Bristol,    N.    H.      In 

this  he  was  very  successful  and  built  up  a  large  and 
profitable  business,  which  he  disposed  of  in  1885. 
Then  he  came  to  Boston  in  order  to  enlarge  his  field  of 
operations  and  have  a  greater  scope  for  his  rare  busi- 
ness and  executive  ability.  At  first  he  acted  as  the 
manufacturer's  agent  for  the  goods  which  he  had  for- 
merly manufactured  and  secured  a  permanent  market 
for  the  goods.  This  business,  which  was  established 
by  Mr.  I^ocke,  is  the  most  prosperous  in  its  line  in  the 


WARREN    E.    LOCKE 


citv  of  Boston.  In  1889  he  entered  the  real  estate 
business  and  took  an  office  in  the  (llolie  lUiilding.  In 
this  new  field  he  had  greater  opportunities  to  display 
his  accuracy  of  judgment  and  his  untiring  zeal  for  the 
work  in  which  he  engages.  During  the  time  that  he  has 
been  in  the  real  estate  business  he  has  handled  a  great 
amount  of  property,  and  his  judgment  has  never  been 
at  fault.  The  result  has  been  that  the  business  has 
steadily  prospered  and  he  has  been   entrusted  with  the 

care  of  many  large 
estates.  Early  in 
this  business  he  saw 
that  there  was  a  big 
field  for  real  estate 
operations  in  Somer- 
ville and  he  did  not 
hesitate  to  seize  the 
opportunity.  West 
^_  Somerville    has  been 

j^n\      V  the  particular  section 

of  the  city  to  which 
he  has  devoted  his 
attention,  and  the 
result  has  been  not 
only  of  advantage  to 
his  customers  and 
himself  but  also  to 
the  city.  What  was 
only  a  few  years  ago 
a  stretch  of  barren 
fields  is  now  laid  out 
with  excellent  streets, 
and  the  lots  are  cov- 
ered with  pretty  and 
comfortable  cottages. 
One  of  his  latest 
ventures  in  building 
is  a  large  apartment 
house  at  the  corner 
of  Highland  Street 
and  Vinal  Avenue  on  Central  Hill.  This  house  is  a 
model  of  its  kind.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Caleb  Rand 
Lodge,  I.  O.  O.  F. ;  Wonohaquaham  Tribe,  I.  O.  R.  M. ; 
Elm  Council,  R.  A. ;  the  Mystic  Valley  and  the  Massa- 
chusetts Repulilican  clubs  ;  is  treasurer  of  the  West  Som- 
erville Associates  and  secretary  of  the  West  Somerville 
Republican  Club.  He  married  Miss  Lilla  M.,  daughter 
of  Hiram  and  Dorcas  (Whittemore)  Heath,  of  Bristol, 
N.  H. 


SOMERVILLE. 


475 


NO  characteristic  of  the  period  will  be  more  forcibly 
illustrated  at  the  fair  than  the  extent  to  which 
modern  genius  has  carried  the  sub-division  of  labor. 
Massachusetts  has  taken  this  principle  nearer  its  logical 
conclusion  than  any  other  region  of  the  world,  as  may 
be  seen  in  any  of  its  manufacturing  cities,  and  it  has  at 
least  one  remarkable  instance  of  the  same  thing  in  a 
line  more  intellectual  than  mechanical.  Not  the  least 
important  branch  of  newspaper  work  is  the  reading  of 
exchanges.  About 
five  years  ago  an  ex- 
change editor  of  the 
Boston  Globe  came 
to  the  conclusion 
that  he  could  read 
newspapers  for  many 
people  as  well  as  he 
could  for  one  em- 
ployer, and  thus  not 
only  do  simultane- 
ously the  exchange 
reading  for  such  trade 
and  class  papers  as 
might  be  glad  to  be 
relieved  of  the  work, 
but  also  make  the 
contents  of  the  press 
more  generally  ac- 
cessible and  useful. 
The  idea  had  been 
applied  in  London 
and  New  York  to  the 
reading  of  papers  for 
public  and  profes- 
sional men,  but  in 
Boston  it  had  its  first 
considerable  devel- 
opment in  editorial 
and  commercial 
lines.     The  result  is 

that  Robert  Luce,  the  editor  referred  to,  and  his  brother 
Linn  now  direct  the  reading  of  nearly  two  thousand 
papers  a  day,  and  their  thirty-five  employees  now  put 
out  more  than  two  million  clippings  a  year.  Their  in- 
stitution, the  Press  Clipping  Bureau,  has  proved,  like  the 
newspaper  syndicate  system,  that  even  in  what  for  want 
of  a  better  term  may  be  called  literary  directions,  com- 
bination and  specialization  can  be  effective  in  saving 
labor.     It  also  has  shown  that  commerce,  in  its  attack 


upon  the  customer  at  his  very  fireside,  may  be  aided 
in  its  aim  by  that  news  in  the  local  papers  of  the 
country  which  indicates  possibilities  of  traffic.  Robert 
Luce,  however,  has  not  confined  himself  to  newspaper 
work,  though,  during  the  seven  years  he  served  on  the 
Globe,  rising  from  the  bottom  to  an  editorial  position, 
that  became  his  chief  reliance.  He  is  also  much  in- 
terested in  politics,  and  has  for  some  time  been  a  leader 
of  the  Democratic  party  in  Somerville,  where  he  resides. 

He    was    nominated 
for     the     governor's 
council     when      but 
twenty  -four  years  old, 
and    has    also   been 
nominated    for    the 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives.  Twoof  these 
nominations  were  im- 
posed  without   even 
so    much    as    asking 
his  permission.    The 
districts,   however, 
were  in  each  case  too 
strongly   Rei)ublican 
to  make  the  nomina- 
tions more   than  an 
honor.     He  has  also 
written  much  outside 
the  sanctum,  and  is 
the  author  of  "Writ- 
ing for  the  Press,"  a 
manual  that  has  be- 
come an  authority  in 
passing  through  four 
editions,  and  ",Elec- 
tric    Railways,"    the 
first  book  on  the  sub- 
ject.    He    is    presi- 
dent  of    the    Unita- 
rian Club  in  his  city, 
is  a  Mason,  and  belongs  to  the  usual  number  of  social 
organizations.     He  was  born  in  Auburn,  Me.,  Dec.  2, 
1862,  the  son  of  Enos  Thompson  and  Phcebe  Learned 
Luce  ;  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  there  and  in 
Somerville,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1882,  taking 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  the  following  year.     In  1885  he 
married  Mabelle  C.  Farnham,  of  Somerville,  and  they 
live  at  No.  44  Highland  Avenue  in  that  city.     Mr.  Luce 
has  a  wide  acquaintance  with  public  men. 


ROBERT    LUCE 


THE  city  of  Taunton  is  one  of  the  oldest  municipalities  in  New  England.  It  was  incorporated  in  1639,  but  for 
two  or  three  years  before  that  its  fine  water  power  and  rich  alluvial  farms  had  been  brought  to  the  notice  of 
Boston  and  Plymouth  colonists,  and  a  few  hardy  settlers  had  drifted  thither.  Three  rivers  which  watered  the 
territory  were  promptly  utilized  for  grist,  saw  and  fulling  mills,  and  the  concentration  of  business  about  these 
first  factories  settled  the  fate  of  the  new  town.  It  was  destined  at  its  birth  to  be  a  manufacturing  centre.  Natural 
advantages  also  gave  it  a  steady  impetus.  The  swamps  and  meadows  were  full  of  bog  iron.  The  early  settlers 
were  from  the  iron  districts  of  Wales,  and  their  attention  was  speedily  turned  to  the  development  of  the  iron 
industry.  The  first  "bloomery,"  or  forge,  in  New  England  was  established  in  the  town,  and  anchor,  tool  and  nail 
making  gave  employment  to  busy  mechanics  long  before  the  surrounding  country  had  been  cleared  of  the  wild 
men  and  beasts.  From  that  time  on,  iron  working  in  all  its  forms  has  occupied  the  van  in  the  steady  advance  of 
the  city.  The  old  "bloomeries"  in  which  the  hollow  ware  of  Pilgrim  and  Puritan  homes  was  turned  out  and  the 
anchors  of  the  colonial  and  continental  craft,  including  "Old  Ironsides,"  were  forged,  passed  away,  but  other 
forms  of  work  came  in  as  inventions,  lightened  labor,  and  gave  wider  range  to  mechanical  skill  and  the  employ- 
ment of  capital.  Hollow  ware  suggested  stoves,  and  for  generations  the  best  workmen  in  the  country  have  given 
the  active  years  of  their  lives  to  developing  that  most  important  article  of  household  economy. 

Seven  large  foundries  give  employment  to  skilled  workmen,  turn  out  stoves,  ranges  and  furnaces  by  the 
thousand,  and  find  a  market  from  Maine  to  Alaska.  Allied  to  these  are  the  stove-lining  companies  and  the  nickel 
plating  establishments,  which  are  called  upon  to  furnish  the  ornamental  part  of  stove  equipment.  Nail  making, 
too,  kept  pace  with  stove  manufacture.  Each  invention  which  expedited  production  was  promptly  utilized,  and 
to-day  the  output  of  tacks,  brads,  shoe  nails,  points,  rivets  in  an  infinite  variety,  is  the  largest  of  any  manufacturing 
centre  in  the  world,  the  A.  Field  &  Son's  branch  of  the  Atlas  coriioration  in  itself  ranking  as  the  largest  tack  and 
small  nail  factory  ever  built.  Engine  and  boiler  construction,  locomotive  and  printing-presses,  cotton  machinery, 
saws  and  coopers'  tools,  steam  and  hot  water  heating  apparatus  are  among  other  forms  to  which  the  iron  industry 
has  been  directed,  and  all  are  carried  on  in  large  factories  employing  a  vast  capital  and  an  army  of  mechanics. 

Cotton  manufacture  became  an  important  feature  early  in  the  century,  and  it  has  held  its  own.  To-day  the 
most  advantageous  sites  along  the  streams  are  devoted  to  weaving  or  spinning,  and  tall  chimneys  indicate  the 
location  of  mills  busily  employed  in  helping  clothe  the  world.  Spinning  mills  for  the  production  of  cotton  yarns 
are  the  favorite  mode  of  investment.  The  valley  of  Taunton  River  has  been  found  to  possess  just  the  right  amount 
of  dampness  in  the  atmosphere  to  make  yarn  spinning  particularly  successful,  especially  in  the  finer  grades. 
Another  branch  of  business  which  has  been  of  the  greatest  importance  in  the  development  of  the  city  is  that  of 
britannia  and  silver  ware.  Nearly  a  century  ago  the  first  venture  in  that  direction  was  begun  in  a  small  way,  with 
indifferent  success  at  first,  and  now  the  factory  of  Reed  &  Barton,  making  useful  and  ornamental  wares  of  white 
metal,  britannia,  and  German  and  solid  silver,  has  the  world  for  a  market.  'I'hree  other  factories  are  also  building 
up  a  reputation  for  excellent  work  in  the  britannia  and  silver  line. 

The  position  of  Taunton  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Taunton  River  has  always  made  shipping  and  vessel 
(iroperty  a  profitable  in\estment,  and  one  of  its  chief  products,  bricks,  has  been  largely  shipped  by  water.  Other 
important  industries  are  copper  and  yellow  metal,  crucibles,  shoe  buttons,  barrels,  boxes  and  carriages.  The 
population  of  the  city  is  about  30,000.  Its  valuation  is  between  Si8,ooo,ooo  and  ^19,000,000.  There  are  three 
national,  two  savings  and  three  co-operative  banks.  It  is  a  county  seat.  Its  iiublic  buildings  are  large  and 
attractive,  its  streets  broad  and  well  kept. 


TA  UNTO  A'. 


A77 


w*^-^' 


FRANCIS  S.  BABBriT  carries  an  honored  name  in 
the  Old  Colony,  for  his  ancestors  were  among  the 
\ery  first  who  dared  the  i)erils  of  the  primeval  wilder- 
ness.    All  through  the  two  and  a  half  centuries,  since 
the   incorporation  of  Taunton  as  a  town,  the  name  of 
Babbitt  a])pears  in  connection  with  various  positions  of 
trust.     'I'he   same   thing  is    noticeable   in    the    xarious 
towns  which  were  cut  out  of  the  original  purchase  and 
made  into  separate  municipalities.     'Ihe  Babbitt  stock 
has  been  sturdy  and 
vigorous,     and    has 
not  been  eliminated 
by  emigration,  which 
has   wiped    out    so 
many    of     the    old 
names    fro  m    the 
town    and    city    rec- 
ords.    Mr.   Babbitt 
was  born  in  Taunton 
on     Dec.    22,    1843. 
He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of 
the    town,  at  Bristol 
.Academy    and    at 
Comer's  Commercial 
School,    Boston.     In 
the    s])ring  of    1862, 
when    the   retreat  of 
Banks's     di\ision 
caused  a  demand  for 
more    volunteers    to 
recruit    the   Union 
Army,  he  enlisted  in 
Company   F,   Fourth 
Regiment,    Massa- 
chusetts Militia,   for 
one  month,  but  was 
discharged     after 
three    days'    service 
in    Boston,    as    the 

government  decided  that  it  did  not  need  the  new  men. 
In  August  of  the  same  year  he  enlisted  in  Company  F, 
Thirty-ninth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  for  three  years' 
service.  He  served  one  year  with  the  regiment,  and 
was  then  detailed  for  service  in  the  United  States  Signal 
Corps.  For  nearly  two  years  he  was  busily  engaged  in 
that  branch  of  military  duty,  being  discharged  on  June 
28,  1865,  by  reason  of  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning 
to  his  old  home  he  began  the  manufacture  of  machinery 


FRANCIS    S.    BABBITT. 


in  the  fall  of  1865,  and  kept  busily  engaged  in  that 
business  until  1890.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  1882  and 
in  1883,  and  served  on  important  committees  of  that 
body.  In  1887  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
.\ldermen  of  Taunton,  and  in  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
was  elected  one  of  the  three  commissioners  of  Bristol 
County.  He  was  re-elected  in  1890.  He  was  made 
chairman  of  the  board  when   he  took  his  seat  in  1888, 

and  is  still  serving  in 
that   capacity.      In 

1890  he  was  elected 
mayor  of  Taunton, 
and  re-elected  in 

1 89 1  and  1892.  Mr. 
Babbitt  has  been  a 
very  efficient  and 
faithful  public  officer. 
During  his  service 
as  county  commis- 
sioner, large  e.xpen- 
ditures  have  been 
necessary  to  fill  the 
needs  of  the  rajiidly 
growing  county, 
among  them  the 
splendid  new  court 
houses  of  Taunton 
and  Fall  River,  the 
house  of  correction 
at  New  Bedford, 
bridges,  etc.,  all  re- 
quiring a  vast  amount 
of  supervision  a  n  d 
detail  work  from 
those  charged"  with 
the  care  of  the 
county  business. 
Such,  also,  has  been 
the  case  of  the  city 

during  his  administration.  A  constant  growth  in  ])opu- 
lation,  the  call  for  improvements,  and  the  necessity  for 
pro\iding  for  the  wants  of  a  rapidly  growing  munici- 
pality have  made  large  expenditures  and  great  care 
necessary.  Mr.  Babbitt  has  shown  his  sagacity  on  all 
trying  occasions,  and  his  repeated  election  to  the  manage- 
ment of  municiiial  matters  proves  the  estimation  of 
his  fellow- citizens,  who  have  full  confidence  in  his 
judgment. 


478 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CAPTAIN   SYLA'ANUS  N.   STAPLES  was  born  in 
Taunton   on   Aug.    2,    181 1.     He    received   the 
usual  common-school  advantages  of   the  country  boys 
of  those  days  and  did  his  share  of  work  which  all  had  to 
assume.     He  had  a  fondness  for  the  sea,  and  when  not 
more  than  ten    years  old  started  as  cabin  boy  on  the 
river  and  bay,  and  having  an  aptness  for  the  business 
rose  through  the  various  grades  of  seaman  and  mate, 
until  at  eighteen  he  had  command  of  one  of  the  large 
sloops    which     were 
popular   freight  car- 
riers.     Those    were 
days  when  steam  had 
not  yet  clipped   the 
wings  of  sailing  craft, 
and   an   immense 
business  was  done  all 
along  the  coast  and 
to  and  from  the  West 
Indies  by  small  ves- 
sels, which  were  able 
not  only  to  dare  the 
dangers   of  the  seas 
but  also  ascend  the 
rivers  and  accommo- 
date   merchants    al- 
most  at    their    own 
doors.       Captain 
Staples   was  so    suc- 
cessful that  he  owned 
in  several  vessels 
when   he  was  a  very 
young    man.        The 
love  of  the  brine  has 
never  left  him,  and 
through  his  long  life 
he   has   always    kept 
up  an  active  financial 
interest  in   coasters, 
tugs,   barges,  steam- 
ers, and  other  marine    property. 
business   upon    land    as   well 
became   a    partner   with 


SYLVANUS    N.    STAPLES. 


In  1836  he  began 
as  upon  the  water  and 
Francis  D.  Williams  in  the 
wholesale  and  retail  flour  and  grocery  business,  which 
has  always  been  an  important  branch  of  Taunton  trade. 
He  afterwards  bought  out  Mr.  \A'illiams  and  carried  on 
the  business  alone,  then  with  different  partners,  and 
built  up  a  large  trade  with  the  West  Indies,  and  also 
with  coastwise  towns   on  the   Atlantic   seaboard.      He 


next  returned  to  freighting  for  a  few  years  but  changed 
in  1857  to  a  general  commercial  business,  having 
Captain  ^^'illiara  H.  Phillips  as  a  partner.  The  articles 
handled  by  the  firm  were  coal,  iron,  lime,  hair,  etc. 
The  freight  business  was  kept  up  as  an  important 
adjunct,  and  as  years  passed  the  firm  of  Staples  & 
Phillips  became  one  of  the  best  known  in  New  England, 
handling  vast  quantities  of  coal  and  iron  and  owning 
wholly  or  in  part  a  fleet  of  vessels  of  all  kinds  which 

were      always    busy. 
To  the  firm  of  Staples 
&   Philhps    the    im- 
provements in  Taun- 
ton   River   are    due. 
Their     work,     more 
than    that    of    all 
others,    called    t  h  e 
attention  of  the  gen- 
eral   government   to 
its  value   as   a  water 
way  and  secured  the 
appropriations  which 
have  made  it  availa- 
ble   for  transporting 
coal    by  barge    and 
schooner  and  naviga- 
ble   for    tugs    and 
steamers  engaged  in 
business  or  pleasure 
purposes.     The  firm 
of  Staples  &  Phillips 
was  dissolved  a  few 
years    since,   and    a 
large     corporation 
known  as  the  Staples 
Coal  Company   took 
its  place.     This  cor- 
poration is  one  of  the 
largest   in   that   line 
in  New  England  and 
hasa  n  immense  plant  at  Fall  River  and  Taunton  for  the 
wholesale  and  retail  coal  business,  besides  a  large  fleet 
of  steamers  and  barges  which   ply  between  coal  ports 
and  New  England.     Of  this  corporation  Captain  Staples 
is  the  head.     He  is  also  a  director  in  many  corporations, 
and  a  citizen  generally  esteemed  and  honored  for  the 
important  part  he  has  played  in  the  development  of  the 
material  interests  of  Taunton.     His  name  is  familiar  in 
every  port  along  the  AUantic^coast. 


TAUNTON. 


479 


HENRY  G.  REED  was  born  in  Taunton  on  July  23, 
1 8 10,  where  his  father  was  a  merchant.     He  was 
educated  in  the  pubHc  schools  of  the  town  and  at  Bris- 
tol Acadeni)',  in  vacations  and  at  odd  times  helping  his 
father  in  the  store.     He  was  born  with  a  love  of  me- 
chanics and  preferred    to  work  with   tools  when  other 
lads   w-ere   at    play.      Babbitt   &   Grossman  were    then 
engaged    in   the    manufacture    of  britannia  goods,  and 
when  eighteen  years  old  Mr.  Reed  went  into  their  shop 
as    an    apprentice. 
He  devoted  himself 
assiduously    to    the 
work    and    soon 
showed   a  n    expert- 
ness  which  won  the 
commendation  of  his 
employer  s.      The 
business  passed  into 
the    hands    of    the 
Taunton  Britannia 
Gompany,  with  whom 
Mr.   Reed   remained 
as  journeyman,   tak- 
ing charge  of  several 
departments  until  he 
became      superin- 
tendent.    In    1835 
the  company  ceased 
business  and  Mr. 
Reed,   with    Charles 
Barton  and  Gustavus 
Leonard,  believed 
that  the  work  could 
be   made   a  success, 
and   in    1837    they 
began  in  a  small  way 
as  Reed  &  Barton  on 
about  the  site  of  the 
present    extensive 
works   w-hich    have 

grown  up  from  such  a  small  beginning.  The  determina- 
tion of  the  young  firm  was  to  make  the  best  of  goods 
and  hold  the  market  by  honest  workmanship  and 
superior  skill.  The  result  justified  their  expectations. 
The  little  plant  expanded  until  it  now  covers  acres  of 
ground  with  massive  buildings,  where  in  busy  seasons 
eight  hundred  and  more  skilled  mechanics  are  engaged 
in  making  electro-plated  and  solid  silver  goods,  which 
active  salesmen  distribute  all  over  the  world.     For  years 


HENRY    G.    REED. 


the  business  was  a  partnership  under  the  old  firm  name. 
More  recently  it  was  incorporated  under  the  same  name 
with  George  Brabrook  and  Frank  L.  Fish  and  Mr.  Reed 
as  the  active  members  of  the  corporation.  The  develop- 
ment of  this  business  has  been  one  of  the  main  factors 
of  the  growth  of  Taunton,  as  the  wages  earned  by  the 
skilled  labor  necessary  has  covered  much  of  the  eighth 
ward  of  the  city  with  comfortable  homes.  The  factory 
is  always  an  attraction  to  visitors,  and  people  from  all 

parts  of  the  country 
have  for  years  visited 
it   and  watched    the 
ingenuity  with  which 
plain  metal  is  turned 
into  gems  of  art.  Mr. 
R  e  e  d'  s    advancing 
years    have   never 
weakened   his  inter- 
est in  the   business, 
and    he    is  as   regu- 
larly at  his  place  in 
the  factory  as  any  of 
the  journeymen.  His 
ingenuity,  which  be- 
gan to  develop  in  his 
youth,    has    been   of 
great    value    in    the 
modelling  depart- 
ment.    He  has  been 
a    director    of     the 
Taunton  National 
Bank     and  Taunton 
Savings    Bank   for  a 
generation,   and    his 
judgment  pn  all 
questions      affecting 
the  public  interest  has 
always    been    sought 
by  his  fellow  citizens, 
who     recognize    his 
sagacity  and  uprightness.     It  is  seldom  that  a  man  who 
has  spent  as  many  of  the  best  years  of  his  life  in  build- 
ing up  a  tremendous  business  reaches  a  serene  old  age 
and  sees  the  most  ardent  dreams  of  his  youth  realized. 
Mr.  Reed  has  seen  the  village  of  Taunton  grow  into  a 
flourishing  city  and  has  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that 
the  little  britannia  shop,  with  which  nearly  the  whole 
of  his  active  life  has  been  closely  identified,  was  a  lead- 
ing factor  in  its  growth. 


48o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CLOSELY  connected  with  the  widely-known  manu- 
facturing house   of    Reed   &  Barton,  is    George 
Brabrook,  who  entered  the  service  of  the  firm  when  a 
young  man,  has  given  the  prime  of  his  life  to  its  service, 
and  as  one  of  the  largest  owners  and  the  active  busi- 
ness man  of  the  corporation,  has  seen  it  grow  into  the 
giant  enterprise  of  to-day.     The  ancestor  of    the  Bra- 
brook  family  is  believed  to  have  emigrated  from  Scot- 
land to  America  in  colonial  days  and  to  have  settled  in 
Concord,     Mass. 
From    him  came   all 
who  bear  the    name 
in     America.     An 
elder  brother,  Alfred, 
first   entered    the 
service    of   Reed    & 
Barton,  as  salesman, 
and   pushed  the  use 
of   the    ware    of    the 
firm    all    over   the 
country.     For    more 
than  fifty  years  as  an 
eflicient,  \aluable 
and    ready  salesman 
and      conscientious 
and    respected    citi- 
zen,   his    name    has 
also  been  connected 
with  the  interests  of 
the     great      factory. 
( jcorge    Brabrook 
was    born    in   Acton, 
followed   his  bro'her 
to   Taunton,  and    in 
1850,    when    twenty- 
two    years    old,    was 
given  a  place  in   the 
shipping  department 
of  the  factory.     His 
energy,   devotion   to 

business,  and  sagacity  were  soon  recognized  by  the 
proprietors,  and  he  was  advanced  from  one  position  to 
another,  all  of  which  he  filled  with  zeal,  intelligence  and 
fidelity  to  the  interests  intrusted  to  his  care.  His  mind 
was  of  that  business  quality  that  gave  him  a  ready 
adaptability  for  whatever  sphere  of  action  was  his  lot, 
and  his  employers  learned  that  the  young  man  could  be 
relied  upon  at  all  times  and  in  all  places.  He  made  it 
a  point  to  learn  the  business,  and   did  not  hesitate  to 


GEORGE   BRABROOK 


give  his  best  efforts  and  all  his  time  to  jiromoting  the 
welfare  of  the  firm.  He  was  efficient  not  only  in  the 
shop  but  upon  the  road,  and  as  a  ready  salesman  helped 
extend  the  name  and  place  the  goods  of  the  concern  in 
all  the  leading  cities  and  towns  of  the  country.  Such 
assiduity  could  not  fail  of  securing  the  approbation  of 
his  employers.  It  was  recognized  in  a  substantial 
manner,  and  the  young  man  who  entered  the  works  as  a 
clerk  in  1850  became  one  of  the  firm  and  its  leading 

business  manager  in 
1859.     His   rise  was 
ra]jid,  so  far  as  years 
went,    but    it    was 
earned     by     faithful 
work   a  n  d   a  n    u  n- 
grudging  devotion  to 
duty.     Mr.  Brabrook 
has    remained     with 
the  house  ever  since, 
seeing  it  grow  into  a 
firm   with  a  business 
on  its  hands  of  tre- 
mendous volume  and 
then  a  great    corpo- 
ration with  a  reputa- 
tion  world-wide. 
Such      instances     ot 
perse^•erance       a  n  d 
promotion     are     not 
common    in    these 
days,    when   y  o  u  n  g 
men  are  unwilling  to 
work  a  minute    over 
time  and  drop  busi- 
ness   from   their 
thoughts  the  minute 
the    factory  door 
closes  behind  them. 
Mr.    Brabrook    mar- 
ried   Miss    Eliza    E. 
Knowies  in  i860.     She  is  a  descendant  of  Rev.  Samuel 
Danforth,  the  fourth  minister  of  Taunton,  although   a 
native  of    Boston.     His    home    is  one    of   the    notable 
residences  of  the  city,  with  its  wide  lawns  and  clumps 
of  trees.     Of  his  two  sons  the  elder  is  connected  with 
the  factory,  which  manufactures  wares  of  (ierman  and 
solid  silver,  white  metal  and  britannia,  and  is  one  of  the 
most   imi)ortant,   widely  celebrated  industries  in   New 
England.     No  little  of  its  fame  is  due  to  Mr.  Brabrook. 


TA  UNTON. 


481 


WILLIAM  REED,  JR.,  is  a  descendant  of  the  old 
families  which  landed  in  Newbury  and  began 
the  contest  with  the  wilderness  of  New  England  in  1636. 
The  maternal  ancestor  was  one  of  the  little  band  to 
which  land  was  granted  in  what  was  then  Haverhill,  and 
the  first  farm  marked  out  by  metes  and  bounds  was  his. 
By  the  re-location  of  State  lines  the  old  homestead  site 
is  now  in  the  town  of  Hampstead,  N.  H.  The  history 
of  the  early  settlement  of  that  town  is  stained  with 
blood,  as  Indian  raids 
down  the  Merrimack 
River  were  many. 
The  records  tell  of 
fierce  fighting,  daring 
deeds,  and  the  death 
of  more  than  one  of 
the  family  under  the 
hatchet  of  the  savage 
while  the  struggle  for 
mastery  was  going 
on.  Both  his  great- 
grandfathers served 
in  the  Revolutionary 
\Var,  one  at  Bunker 
Hill,  the  other  at 
Stillwater,  where  a 
British  bullet  lamed 
him  for  life.  He  was 
born  in  Newburyport 
in  1842,  and,  after 
preparing  for  college 
in  the  high  schools 
of  that  city  and 
Cambridge,  entered 
Harvard  College  and 
was  graduated  as  one 
of  the  prize  men  of 
the  class  of  1864. 
He  began  life  as  a 
teacher  and  \vas  prin- 
cipal of  the  high  schools  of  Edgartown  and  Nahant 
Mass.,  Watertown,  N.  Y.,  and  Erie,  Penn.  His  atten- 
tion was  attracted  to  journalism,  and  he  became  con- 
nected with  the  Fall  River  News,  first,  next  with  the 
Herald  o{  Helena,  Montana,  afterwards  with  the  Provi- 
dence Herald,  and  finally  with  the  Taunton  Daily 
Gazette,  which  he  bought  in  1S72  and  has  edited  and 
managed  since.  Mr.  Reed  has  been  an  untiring  worker 
and  has  built  up  his   newspaper    property   so    that    it 


WILLIAM    REED,    JR 


stands  in  the  front  rank  of  the  provincial  press  of  the 
State,  and  has  much  more  than  a  local  reputation.  He 
has  been  a  very  active  citizen  of  Taunton,  and  has  often 
been  called  to  fill  positions  of  trust  and  responsibility. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  sewer 
commissioner,  member  of  the  School  Committee,  has 
represented  the  district  twice  in  the  Legislature  and 
once  in  the  Senate,  and  served  as  an  active  and  influen- 
tial leader  in  all   things  that   have   tended  towards  the 

commercial,  moral 
and  social  advance- 
ment of  the  city. 
While  serving  in  the 
Legislature  he  was 
made  a  member  of 
the  convict  labor 
commission  of  the 
State,  and  was  the 
author  of  the  report 
which  led  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the 
reformatorv  at  Con- 
cord and  the  separa- 
tion of  convicts  into 
two  grades.  He  is 
also  one  of  the  di- 
rectors of  the  largest 
corporation  with 
headquarters  at 
Taunton  —  The  Mas- 
sachusetts Real  Es- 
tate Company  — 
which  has  large  in- 
vestments in  the 

East  and  Westr    He 

is  also  president  of 
the  Massachusetts 
Press  Association) 
and  is  connected 
with  a  large  number 
of  social,  literary  and  business  enterprises  at  his  home 
and  abroad.  Always  a  Republican,  in  the  councils  of 
that  party  he  has  held  an  honored  place,  and  has  been 
often  upon  the  stump  in  ad\'Ocacy  of  its  principles, 
preferring  to  work  for  the  election  of  others  to  office 
rather  than  for  himself,  on  the  ground  that  the  man  who 
conducts  a  modern  newspaper  successfully  has  scope  and 
work  enough  to  demand  the  employment  of  all  his  time 
and  energy. 


FALL  RIVER,  the  leading  cotton-manufacturing  city  of  America,  owes  its  origin  indirectly  to  tfie  expansion 
of  the  Plymouth  Colony,  the  first  settlement  in  the  immediately  adjacent  region  having  been  made  about 
1656.  In  that  year,  on  the  3d  of  July,  the  General  Court  of  Plymouth  granted  to  a  number  of  the  freemen  of  the 
jurisdiction  a  tract  of  land  east  of  the  Taunton  River,  four  miles  in  width  and  from  six  to  seven  in  length, 
bounded  on  the  south  by  Quequechan,  and  on  the  north  by  Assonet  Neck.  Three  years  later  this  grant  was  con- 
firmed by  a  warranty  deed  signed  by  the  local  sachems,  the  consideration  being  "  twenty  coats,  two  iron  pots,  two 
kettles  and  one  little  kettle,  eight  pairs  of  shoes,  six  pairs  of  stockings,  one  dozen  hoes,  one  dozen  hatchets,  two 
yards  of  broadcloth,  and  a  debt  satisfied  to  John  Barnes,  which  was  due  from  Wamsitta  to  John  Barnes."  This 
grant  was  known  after  1683  as  Freetown. 

The  first  settlers  were  principally  from  Plymouth,  Marshfield  and  Scituate  ;  some  were  from  Taunton  and  a 
few  from  Rhode  Island.  The  region  round  about  was  gradually  settled,  until  a  considerable  population  resided  in 
and  about  Freetown.  By  act  of  the  Legislature  of  Feb.  26,  1803,  a  considerable  part  of  the  ancient  proprietary 
of  Freetown  was  detached  and  erected  into  a  township  named  Fall  River  (changed  to  Troy  in  1804,  and  again  to 
its  present  name  in  1834).  There  was  early  a  dispute  as  to  the  State  boundary  line,  which  continued  a  vexatious 
feature  until  it  was  settled  in  1861,  after  which  the  citizens  of  Fall  River  were  no  longer  obliged  to  acknowledge 
two  jurisdictions,  and  received  a  considerable  addition  to  their  territory,  population  and  wealth.  In  1854  the 
thriving  town  was  made  a  city.     In  1850  its  population  was  11,524  :  in  1870,  26,766  ;  and  in  1890,  74,398. 

Fall  River  is,  in  every  sense,  the  embodiment  of  the  sagacity,  energy  and  successful  industry  of  her  own 
people.  No  city  or  town  engaged  in  similar  pursuits  has  greater  cause  for  satisfaction,  or  can  refer  to  stronger 
reasons  for  the  exercise  of  a  just  pride  in  the  achievements  of  her  own  citizens.  The  motto  of  her  corporate  seal 
is  "We'll  try,"  and  though  she  has  met  reverses  in  the  form  of  conflagrations  and  strikes  in  her  mills,  she  has 
successfully  passed  through  them  and  risen  to  still  greater  importance.  Nature  gave  to  her  a  water  power  in  the 
stream  from  which  the  city  takes  her  name  that  is  almost  unequalled ;  and  along  its  whole  course  the  mills  stand 
like  the  buildings  in  a  city  street.  In  one  year  eleven  mills  were  erected,  each  with  from  thirty  thousand  to  forty 
thousand  spindles,  and  costing  over  ten  million  dollars,  and  employing  over  five  thousand  hands.  In  1876  there 
were  thirty-three  mill  corporations  operating  forty  mills,  with  an  incorporated  capital  of  $14,735,000.  The  first 
mill  in  the  neighborhood  was  that  erected  by  Colonel  Joseph  Durfee,  in  what  is  now  Globe  Village,  in  181 1.  The 
first  regular  cloth-manufacturing  enterprise  was  that  inaugurated  in  1813,  and  from  this,  properly  speaking,  has 
grown  the  great  industry  of  to-day.  Statistics  are  bewildering;  these  for  the  year  1892  will  tell  of  the  present 
condition  of  the  Fall  River  cotton  mills  :  thirty-six  corporations  operating  fifty-nine  mills,  paid  out  in  dividends 
in  the  year  $2,155,860,  on  a  capital  of  §19,518,000,  or  an  average  of  11.04  per  cent.  In  1891  the  same  corpora- 
tions paid  out  $956,450,  or  an  average  of  4.90  per  cent. 

Fall  River  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  district  includes  the  ports  of  Taunton,  Dighton,  Somerset,  Freetown 
and  Swansea.  The  famous  Fall  River  Line,  a  favorite  route  between  Boston  and  New  York,  makes  this  city  one 
of  its  three  points  of  departure  and  arrival,  and  there  are  other  steamboat  lines  centering  here.  The  City  Hall, 
the  Durfee  Memorial  School  and  the  Bristol  County  Court  House  are  among  the  notable  buildings.  The  educa- 
tional and  religious  features  have  kept  pace  with  the  city's  growth  in  population  and  importance,  and  no  city  in 
southeastern  Massachusetts  has  greater  advantages.  There  are  a  free  public  library  and  several  circulating  libra- 
ries, all  of  which  are  supplied  with  the  latest  publications  and  are  accessible  to  all.  There  are  also  private  and 
society  libraries  and  local  book  clubs  of  special  value  to  members.  The  Fall  River  press  includes  three  evening 
dailies,  and  the  weekly  newspapers  are  able  and  representative.  On  July  4,  1876,  the  citizens  celebrated  by  a 
magnificent  series  of  exercises  the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  American  Independence. 


FALL   RLVER. 


483 


JOHN  W.  COUGHLIN,  M.  D,  mayor  of  Fall  River, 
was  born  in  that  city,  June  9,  1861.     His  parents 
were  William  and  Abbie  Coughlin.     He  attended  the 
Fall  River  public  schools  until  1878.     In  that  year  he 
started  to  learn  the  trade  of   a  steam   and   gas  fitter, 
which  trade  his  father,  now  deceased,  followed  before 
him.     In  1879,  after  a  year's  work,  he  entered   the  law 
office  of  Coffey  &  Dubuque   in  F'all  River,  but  in  the 
spring  of  1880  he  left  that  office   to  enter  the  employ 
o  f    the     Providence 
Steam  and  Gas  Pipe 
Company ;    there  he 
remained    about 
eighteen  months,  and 
then  returned  to  Fall 
River,    to   enter   the 
drug    store    of    Dr. 
John  B.  Chagnon,  on 
Bedford    Street. 
After  about  fourteen 
months  in  that  place, 
he  resolved  to  study 
medicine.      He    was 
without     means,    but 
he  determined  to 
seek    some    employ- 
ment    by    which    he 
could  get  the   funds 
needed  to  carry  him 
through  college.    He 
sought  and  obtained 
a  place  as  conductor 
on  the  Globe  Street 
Railway,    which     he 
held    about    a   year. 
In  the   fall  of   1882, 
he    was    enabled    to 
begin   the    study   of 
medicine ;  he  entered 
the    office   of   Dr. 

Charles  C.  Terry  and  in  the  next  spring  entered  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  Baltimore,  and 
took  a  spring  course  of  studies.  He  then  returned  to 
Dr.  Terry's  office  for  the  summer,  and  in  the  fall  resumed 
his  college  studies,  which  he  pursued  until  March, 
1885,  when  he  was  graduated.  He  stood  at  the  head 
of  his  class  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  men,  and 
received  the  first  college  prize,  the  Cathell  Medal,  for  the 
highest  average   scholarship.      He   had   opportunity  to 


JOHN    W.    COUGHLIN. 


enter  any  one  of  several  Baltimore  hospitals,  but  he 
chose  to  return  to  his  own  city  after  graduation,  and 
here,  among  his  accpiaintances,  early  acquired  a  lucra- 
tive practice.  In  1888  Dr.  Coughlin  received  the 
Democratic  nomination  for  mayor  of  Fall  River,  but 
was  defeated  at  the  polls  by  about  three  hundred 
votes.  In  1889  he  ran  again,  when  he  was  antago- 
nized by  those  who  until  then  were  the  prime  factors 
in   the   local   Democracy,  and   was   again    defeated  by 

about    one    hundred 
votes.      In    i8go  he 
was  again  nominated 
by    the     Democrats, 
and,  in  spite  of  bitter 
and  aggressive  oppo- 
sition from  the  lead- 
ers of  his  party,  was 
elected  by  eight  hun- 
dred and  eight  votes. 
In    1 89 1   he   was   re- 
elected on  the  Dem- 
ocratic ticket  by  nine 
hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  majority  ;  and 
in  1892  on  the  same 
ticket  by  eight  hun- 
dred and  twenty-two 
majority.     In  the  lat- 
ter   year    Mayor 
Coughlin  attended 
the   National  Demo- 
cratic Convention  in 
Chicago  as  the  dele- 
gate of  the  Thirteenth 
Congressional    D  i  s  - 
trict.     Before  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  he 
was     a     pronounced 
Cleveland    advocate. 
He  was,  in  fact,  one 
of  the  first  to  fa\  or  the  nomination  of  Cleveland,  and 
he  publicly  expressed  his  choice  for  the  presidency  at  a 
dinner  of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic   Club  in  New 
Bedford,  which  was  practically  the  first  gun  for  Grover 
Cleveland    fired   in    Massachusetts.      At   the    National 
Convention  he  supported  Stevenson  for  Vice-President. 
Mayor  Coughlin  has  continued  the  practice  of  medicine 
to  the  present  time,   and    is   recognized  as  a  leading 
practitioner  of  the  city. 


484 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ARNOLD  BORDEN   SAN  FORD,  president  of   the 
Fall   River  Board  of  Trade  and  of  the   Sanford 
Spinning  Company,  and   treasurer  of    the   Globe   Yarn 
Mills,  was  born  in  Goldsboro,  N.  C,  Feb.  ii,  1846,  the 
son  of  John  P.  Sanford,  who  left   Fall   Ri\er   in    1840, 
settled  in  Goldsboro,  and  returned  with  his  family  to  his 
native  (ilace  in  1857.     After  attending  school,  Arnold  B. 
Sanford  began  work  in  a  woollen  mill  in  Rhode  Island. 
His  intention  had  been  to  learn  the  woollen-manufac- 
turing  business,    but 
his  health  becoming 
affected,   he    was 
obliged    to    make    a 
change,    and    em- 
barked   in  the  hard- 
ware    business.       In 
1869  he  was  married 
to    Miss    H.    Emma 
Warren,  daughter  of 
Edward     Warren,    a 
well-known    and    es- 
teemed citizen  of  the 
city.     Their  children 
are   five  in   number, 
two  of  them,  Mabel 
W.   and    Martha   C, 
being    students    of 
Smith  College,  North- 
a  m  p  t  o  n  ,     Mass. 
In  1873  Mr.  Sanford 
joined    Mr.   Thomas 
D.  Covel  in  forming 
the  well-known   firm 
of  Sanford  &  Covel, 
dealers  in   mill  sup- 
plies  and    hardware. 
This  firm  carried  on 
a    prosperous    busi- 
ness for  nine  years. 
In  1 88 1   Mr.  Sanford 

retired  from  the  firm,  as  his  health  required  a  change, 
and  turned  his  attention  to  cotton  manufacturing.  He 
proceeded  to  organize  the  Globe  Yarn  Mills,  at  Globe 
Village,  a  corporation  now  of  national  reputation.  The 
organization  of  the  company  was  effected  with  a  capital 
of  $200,000,  and  Mr.  Sanford  was  electeil  treasurer. 
Cold  water  was  thrown  upon  the  venture  by  local  in- 
vestors in  print-cloth  mills,  and  many  predicted  early 
failure  because  the  mill  was  not  to  make  ])rint  cloths. 


ARNOLD    B.    SANFORD. 


But  the  projectors  were  not  discouraged ;  they  started 
successfully,  and  their  success  has  been  remarkable 
every  year.  They  established  the  most  extensive  plant 
for  the  manufacture  of  yarns  in  this  country.  Within 
ten  years  the  stockholders  built  and  equipped  three 
large  mills,  with  100,000  spindles,  on  a  capital  of 
Si, 200,000,  an  actual  investment  of  $1,600,000.  Four 
times  the  capital  of  the  concern  was  increased.  It  is 
apparent  how  largely  the  success  of  this  enterprise  was 

and    is    due    to   Mr- 
San  ford,    who    has 
been  its  treasurer  all 
these  years.    In  1892 
Mr.    Sanford    organ- 
ized  the    Sanford 
Spinning    Company. 
This     company    was 
named    for    him,    in 
recognition    of    the 
splendid    efforts 
which    he    had    con- 
tributed   to  the  suc- 
cess   of    the    earlier 
enterprise.     The 
capital  on  which  or- 
ganization   w  a  s    ef- 
fected was  $450,000. 
This  was    secured 
within    two    weeks, 
antl    include  d    an 
over-subscription    of 
$50,000.      This    mill 
will  be  ready   to  go 
into  operation   early 
in    1893.      Mr.   San- 
ford is  president  and 
director   of    other 
corporations    in    the 
city.   He  was  a  prime 
mover     toward     the 
organization  in  1890  of  the  Fall  River  Board  of  Trade, 
and  is  now  its   president.     His   interest   in   public  and 
private  charities  keeps  pace  with  his  interest  in  business 
and  the  material  progress  of  the  city.     He  is  a  warm 
friend  of  the  Home  for  .Aged  People,  and  aids  other  relig- 
ious, charitable  and  useful  organizations  in  the  commun- 
ity.    In  religion  Mr.  Sanford  is  a  Baptist,  and  in  politics 
a  Republican.     He  is  a  strong  Protectionist,  Ijeing  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Home  Market  Club  of  Boston. 


FALL  nrvEK. 


485 


J 


OSEPH  A.  BOWEN  was  born  in  Fall  River,  Oct.  10, 
I  S3  2.     He  is  a  son  of  the  late  Abraham  Bowen, 
who   died    about    three   years    ago   in  his   eighty-sixth 
year,  and  Sarah  Ann  Bowen,  who  has  since  died  in  her 
eighty-eighth  year.     He   is  a  grandson  of  the  agent  of 
the  first  cotton  mill  that  was  erected  in  the  city.     At 
that  period  there  were   no  banks,  and  the  silver  dollars 
in  which  payment  for  shares  was  made  were  put  on  the 
bottom    of   the    old-fashioned    clock   for  safe    keeping. 
The  old    farm-house 
of    Mr.     B  o  w  e  n  '  s 
grandfather  was  one 
of  the  ancient  land- 
marks of  Fall  River, 
and    was   located    at 
the    corner    of    Bed- 
ford and  North  Main 
streets,    while    his 
farm  extended  from 
Bedford   to    Elm 
Street,  and  from  the 
bay    to     W  a  t  u  p  p  a 
Pond.     He  was  one 
of    the    most   promi- 
nent  and   influential 
men  in  the  commu- 
nity.    Mr.    Bowen 
has  always  resided  in 
Fall     River.      He 
learned  the  printer's 
trade   and  worketl  at 
job    and    newspaper 
1 ) r  i  n  t  i  n  g ,   in   his 
father's  office,  most 
of    the    time    from 
his  eighth   to  his 
t  w  e  n  t  y  - 1  h  i  r  d  year, 
attending  the  public 
schools  of  his  native 
town    at    intervals. 

In  1856  he  went  into  the  coal  business,  in  which  he 
has  ever  since  been  engaged.  From  the  nature  of 
his  business,  Mr.  Bowen  has  for  many  years  been  inter- 
ested in  navigation  and  harbor  improvements.  He  is 
the  agent  and  the  largest  owner  of  two  four-masted 
schooners,  and  has  had  a  large  amount  of  dredging  and 
rock-removing  done  at  his  own  expense.  He  has  thus 
secured  the  greatest  depth  of  water  at  his  wharves  of 
any  firm  in  the  port  of    Fall  Ri\er.     Mr.    Bowen  was 


.%v. 


JOSEPH    A.    BOWEN 


married,  Jan.  19,  1865,  to  Miss  Fanny  M.  Corey,  of 
Fall  River.  Their  children  are  Joseph  H.  Bowen  and 
Fanny  C.  Bowen.  Mr.  Bowen  has  several  times  been 
called  upon  by  his  fellow-citizens  to  accept  public  office. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Fall  River  Common  Council  in 
1862  and  1863,  and  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  in  1869 
and  1870.  He  was  appointed  by  Mayor  Brown  in  1869 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Water  Supply,  with 
power  to  investigate  the  general  subject.     After  several 

m  o  n  t  h  s' considera- 
tion of  the  subject, 
visiting  various  cities, 
and  having  the  water 
of  different  wells 
analyzed,  he  wrote 
the  report  to  the 
City  Council,  recom- 
mending the  taking 
of  the  water  of  the 
North  Watuppa  Pond 
for  a  supply ;  which 
report  was  adopted 
by  the  city  govern- 
ment, and  being  sub- 
mitted to  the  people 
at  a  special  election, 
met  an  almost  unani- 
mous approval.  Mr. 
Bowen  was  elected 
one  of  the  original 
water  commission- 
ers, and  put  a  large 
amount  of  energy 
into  the  work  of 
pushing     that    great 

and  beneficent-work 

to  a  successful  and 
speedy  completion, 
he  and  another  pur- 
chasing the  reservoir 
land  on  their  own  responsibility,  to  keep  it  from  the 
hands  of  speculators,  and  assisting  the  engineers  in  every 
possible  way  to  overcome  the  many  obstacles  incident 
to  the  natural  location  of  Fall  River.  Mr.  Bowen  is  first 
vice-president  of  the  Fall  River  Board  of  Trade,  in  which 
he  is  one  of  the  most  active  workers.  He  is  a  Repub- 
lican, though  of  late  years  he  has  not  been  an  active 
political  worker.  Mr.  Bowen  and  his  family  ha-ve  long 
been  connected  with  the  Central  Cons;ret(ational  Church. 


486 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ROBERT   T.  DAVIS,   M.  D.,   was  born   in  County 
Down,  north  of  Ireland,  Aug.  28,  1823,  his  father 
being  John  Davis  and  his  mother  Sarah   (Thompson) 
Davis.     His  parents  came  to  the  United  States  when  he 
was  three  years  old,  and  settled   in  Amesbury,  Essex 
County,  Mass.     His  father  was  of  the  Presbyterian  faith, 
and  his  mother  was  a  Friend.     He  was  educated  in  the 
Amesbury  public  schools  and  at  the  academy,  and  in 
the   Friends'   School    in  Providence,  R.   I.     Upon  the 
completion     of     his 
preparatory  educa- 
tion he  took  a  course 
in    the    medical    de- 
partment of  Harvard 
University,    and    re- 
ceived   his   diploma 
in     1847.     He    then 
engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice  of   medicine  in 
Waterville,    Me. 
After  remaining  there 
three    years    he    re- 
moved,  in    1850,   to 
Fall  River,  where  he 
has    ever    since    re- 
sided.     Dr.    Davis 
early    took    a    deep 
interest    in    political 
affairs,  and  has  held 
many  ofifices  of  honor 
and   trust.      He  was 
a  member  of  the  fa- 
mous   Constitutional 
Convention  of   1853, 
and  was  elected  to  the 
Massachusetts     Sen- 
ate in  1858  and  i860. 
He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  National  Repub- 
lican Conventions  of 

i860  and  1876.  The  citizens  of  Fall  Ri\er  chose  him 
as  their  mayor  for  the  year  1873.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  State  Board  of  Charities  when  it  was  organized 
in  1863;  was  ajjpointed  to  the  State  Board  of  Health 
in  1869,  on  its  organization,  and  remained  a  member 
until  it  was  merged  with  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
Lunacy  and  Charity,  in  1879,  when  he  became  a  mem- 
ber of  that  board.  Dr.  Davis  has  made  a  most  excel- 
lent record  as  member  of  the  national  House  of  Rep- 


resentatives. He  was  elected  to  the  Forty-eighth 
Congress,  and  re-elected  to  the  Forty-ninth  and  Fiftieth 
Congresses  on  the  Republican  ticket.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Sewerage  Commission,  president  of  the 
Bristol  County  South  Medical  Society,  councillor  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society,  and  a  member  of  the 
American  Medical  and  the  National  Public  Health 
associations.  Locally,  Dr.  Davis,  while  for  several  years 
retired   alike  from   the  practice  of   his  profession  and 

engagement  in  pub- 
lic matters,  has  shown 
deep  interest  in  the 
common  welfare,  and 
has    several    times 
raised    his    voice    in 
behalf  of  popular  ad- 
\antages   when  pub- 
lic    questions     have 
been  discussed.     He 
resides   on    High 
Street,  his  family  con- 
sisting   of    his    wife 
and  one  son  (Robert 
C.  Davis),  the  former 
having     been      Miss 
Susan  A.  Haight,  of 
New   Castle,    N.  Y., 
to  whom  he  was  wed- 
ded   in   June,    1862. 
He    had    previously 
married    Miss  Sarah 
Wilbur,  who  died  in 
1856.     In    public 
speech  Dr.  Davis  is 
deliberate,  clear, 
forceful    and    often 
eloquent.    Grace  and 
strength     are     com- 
bined in  an  individ- 
ual style  in  his  writ- 
ing.    He  has  been  earnestly  interested   in  the  cause  of 
education  in  the  city,  and  one  of  the  public  schools  has 
been  named  for  him.     Dr.  Davis  has  also  established  a 
fund,  the  jjroceeds  of  which  are  used  for  the  purchase 
of  the  "  Davis  Prize  Medal,"  for  the  encouragement  of 
scholarship.     He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Commercial 
Club  since  its  organization  ;  is  president  of  the  Wam- 
panoag  Mills  and  a  director  in  five  other  manufacturing 
corporations. 


ROBERT    T.    DAVIS 


FALL   RLVER. 


487 


CHARLES   JARVIS    HOLMES,    son    of    the    late 
Charles  Janis    and    Louisa    (Haskell)    Holmes, 
was  born,  March    4,    1834,   in    Rochester,    Mass.     His 
father,  as  was  his  father   before  him,  was  a   lawyer,  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Bristol  County  bar,  and  for  a 
long  period  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Legis- 
lature, and   at  one  time  a  member  of   the   governor's 
council.      Charles   Jarvis    Holmes    was    five    years   old 
when  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Taunton,  and  nine 
years   old    when    h  e 
and  they  removed  to 
Fall  River,  where  he 
has    since    resided. 
H  e    attended    the 
public  schools  of  the 
city,  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  class 
formed    in    the    Fall 
Ri\er    High    .School, 
graduating   in    1853. 
After  graduation, 
being  nineteen  years 
old,  he   entered    the 
service  of  the  Massa- 
soit    Bank.      At    the 
age    of    twenty-one 
he  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  Five  Cent 
Savings  Bank,  which 
position    he    still 
holds.     In  the  same 
year  he  was  elected 
cashier  of  the  Wam- 
sutta  Bank,  which  in 
1864   became    t  h  e 
Second    National 
Bank.     He    still  oc- 
cujjies  this   position. 
Mr.  Holmes  is  presi- 
dent   of    the    King 

Philip  Mills  and  of  the  Sagamore  Mill,  and  a  director  in 
the  Border  City  Mills.  Mr  Holmes  was  a  member  of 
the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  1873, 
and  of  the  Senate  in  1877  and  1878,  being  chairman  of 
the  Banking  Committee.  His  service  in  the  State  Legis- 
lature was  a  most  active  and  useful  one.  He  served  in 
the  Fall  River  Board  of  Aldermen  two  years.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  School  Committee  for  sixteen  years, 
during  which  time  he  exerted  a  strong  influence  upon 


CHARLES    J.    HOLMES 


the  educational  affairs  of  the  city.  Mr.  Holmes  has  been 
a  trustee  of  the  Public  Library  —  which  office  he  still 
holds — thirty  years.  He  is  chairman  of  the  Civil  Service 
Commission  of  the  Fall  River  district,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Overseers  of  the  Poor  of  Fall 
River  since  the  board  was  created  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Mayor  Jackson.  He  is  also  chairman  of  the 
committee  of  .Associated  Savings  Banks  of  the  State,  of 
which  committee  he  has  been    a  leading  member   for 

nearly  thirty  years, 
and  he  has  been  a  long 
time  in  municipal 
|)ositions  requi  ring 
financial  sagacity. 
M  r.  Holmes  was 
married  May  4,  1S58, 
to  Miss  Mary  A. 
Remington,  daughter 
of  Joshua  and  Joanna 
Remington,  in  Fall 
River ;  and  their 
children  are  Mary  L., 
.Anna  C.  and  Charles 
L.  Holmes.  The 
latter  i  s  associated 
with  his  father  in  the 
business  of  the  local 
bank  named.  M  r. 
Holmes  has  long 
been  a  member  and 
is  the  senior  deacon 
of  the  Central  Con- 
gregational    Church. 

\%|  His  position   in   the 

community     is    that 
of  a  i)rogressive  busi- 
""""""■"""^''^       '  ness  man,a  r-espected 

citizen  and  a  co-op- 
erator in  all  move- 
ments started  for  the 
improvement  of  the  condition  of  the  people.  On  finan- 
cial and  municipal  affairs  Mr.  Holmes  is  considered  one 
of  the  best  authorities  in  the  city,  and  his  opinion  is 
frequently  sought  on  difficult  questions.  His  long 
experience  in  official  and  business  life,  and  his  high 
standing  as  man  and  citizen,  will  qualify  him  to  rank 
among  the  representative  men  of  the  Commonwealth. 
\n  Fall  River  no  man  is  more  highly  esteemed  for  his 
fine  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  than  Mr.  Holmes, 


488 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


GK()RC;E  albert  CHACE  was  born  in  Somerset, 
Mass.,  opposite  Fall  River,  Sept.  i6,  1844,  and 
was  the  son  of  Albert  Gordon  Chace  and  Sarah  Shearman 
(Purinton)  Chace.  He  passed  his  boyhood  in  Somerset, 
and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  that  town. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  enlisted  in  the  Third  Regi- 
ment, Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia,  commanded  by 
Colonel  Silas  P.  Richmond.  He  joined  the  command 
of  General  Foster  in  North  Carolina,  went  through  that 
campaign,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  July, 

1863.  Returning 
from  the  war,  he 
entered,    in    May, 

1864,  the  ofifice  of 
Charles  O.  Shove, 
the  projector  and 
treasurer  of  the 
Granite  Mills,  and 
was  given  every 
opportunity  by  Mr. 
Shove  to  acquire  a 
thorough  knowledge 
of  the  cotton-manu- 
facturing business 
as  then  conducted  in 
Fall  River.  Ten 
years  later,  in  1874, 
he  was  elected  treas- 
urer and  manager  of 
the  Shove  Mills,  and 
built  and  equipped 
Shove  Mill  No.  i  un- 
der the  direction  and 
plans  of  Mr.  Shove, 
and  in  1880  planned 
and  equipped  Shove 
Mill  No.  2.  These 
two  mills  contained 
about  sixty  thousand 

spindles  and  one  thousand  five  hundred  looms.  In  the 
following  year  Mr.  Chace  was  elected  treasurer  and 
manager  of  the  Bourne  Mills,  in  North  Tiverton,  adjoin- 
ing Fall  River.  Mr.  Chace  planned,  built  and  equipped 
these  mills  with  about  forty-three  thousand  spindles  and 
one  thousand  two  hundred  and  si.xty  looms.  Mr.  Chace 
and  the  mills  are  widely  known  by  reason  of  his  system 
of  profit  sharing,  which  was  introduced  in  1889,  by  which 
the  operatives,  in  jjroportion  to  their  wages,  share  with 


GEORGE   A.   CHACE, 


the  owners  in  the  profits  of  the  company.  This  system 
has  been  written  about  and  discussed  extensively  with 
reference  to  its  operation  in  the  Bourne  Mills,  and  Mr. 
Chace,  as  treasurer  and  manager  of  the  mills,  has  con- 
tributed articles  to  leading  newspapers  explaining  its 
advantages.  It  is  now  as  successful  as  ever  in  these 
mills.  In  1884  Mr.  Chace  resigned  the  management  of 
the  Shove  Mills,  though  he  is  still  a  director  and  one 
of  the  larger  stockholders.      Mr.  Chace  is  a  member 

of    the    Association 
for    Promotion 
of   Profit    Sharing, 
of   which  there   are 
seventy-f  our  m  e  m- 
bers  in    the    United 
States.      Mr.    Chace 
was    for  ten  years  a 
director  of  the  Mas- 
sasoit  National  Bank, 
resigning   in    1892. 
He    was  married    in 
1870  to  Miss  Sarah 
.Anna   B  r  o  w  n  e  I  I, 
daughter   of    Mr. 
Fenner  Brownell,  of 
[•'all  River.     The  two 
children  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.    Chace    are 
Eleanor  Sarah  Chace 
and    Fenner   .Albert 
Chace  ;  the  former  is 
a  student  in  Welles- 
ley  College,  and  the 
latter     is     preparing 
in  the  high  school  for 
Harvard    University. 
Mr.  Chace  was  one  of 
the  projectors  of  the 
moral    and    educa- 
tional   work    now  in 
progress  for  boys  in  Fall   River,  and  is  vice-president 
of  the  Boys'  Club  and  of   the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  and  chairman  of  its  extension  committees. 
Mr.  Chace  has  a  peculiar  fondness  for  the  study  of  lan- 
guages, and  has  acquired  by  private  application  during 
leisure  hours  an  acquaintance  with  Greek,  Latin,  Ger- 
man, French,  Spanish,  Italian  and  Swedish.     Mr.  Chace 
has   a  modest  summer  cottage,  "The  Sea  Breeze,"  at 
Stone  Bridge,  in  Tiverton,  R.  I, 


FALL  RIVER. 


489 


STEPHEN  BARNABY  ASHLEY,  son  of  William  H. 
and  Joannah  (Barnaby)  Ashley,  was  born  in  the 
suburb  of  Fall  River  now  known  as  Steep  Brook,  Dec. 
25,  1850.  His  parents  were  of  English  descent  on  his 
father's  side,  and  of  Scottish  on  his  mother's  side.  Mr. 
Ashley  went  to  Fall  River  to  live  in  1857  ;  attended  the 
public  schools  of  the  city  and  studied  about  two  years 
in  the  High  School,  after  which  he  went  to  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  and  spent  two  years  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic 
Institute.  He  then 
returned  to  Fall 
River,  and  worked 
as  a  clerk  in  the 
ready-made  clothing 
store  of  his  father. 
After  about  four  years 
he  was  admitted  to 
partnership  in  his 
father's  business,  the 
firm  name  being 
W.  H.  &  S.  B.  Ashley, 
and  the  business 
being  conducted  at 
No.  20  North  Main 
Street.  In  1876  this 
firm  closed  out  its 
affairs,  and  Stephen 
B.  Ashley  became  a 
coal  merchant,  which 
business  he  carried 
on  three  or  four  years. 
In  1880  he  sold  out, 
and  with  Stephen 
Davol,  of  Fall  River, 
and  Byron  Smith,  of 
Providence,  bought 
the  Middlebury,  Vt., 
cotton  mills,  which 
the  three  operated 
about  a   year   and  a 

half,  making  cotton  yarn.  In  February,  1882,  with 
William  F.  Draper,  of  Hopedale,  J.  B.  Barnaby,  of  Prov- 
idence, Simeon  B.  Chase,  of  Fall  River,  and  others, 
he  organized  the  Barnaby  Manufacturing  Company,  of 
which  he  has  since  been  the  treasurer.  The  mill  of  this 
company  is  located  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  city ;  its 
business  is  the  manufacture  of  fine  colored  cotton  prod- 
ucts, or  what  are  called  "  fine  zephyr  goods."  This  mill 
was  the  first  one  of  its  kind  erected  in  this  country,  and 


STEPHEN    B.    ASHLEY 


the  first  combing  machines  for  the  combing  of  fine  yarn 
which  were  operated  in  this  section  were  run  in  this 
mill.  The  mill  employs  about  four  hundred  and  fifty 
hands.  The  business,  which  has  a  capital  of  four  hun- 
dred thousand  dollars,  has  paid  liberally  from  the  start. 
It  is  noteworthy  as  the  only  enterprise  out  of  the  ordi- 
nary run  of  cotton  mills  and  other  closely  related  enter- 
prises which  has  been  a  success  since  the  erection  of 
cotton  mills  began  in  Fall  River.     The  goods  made  at 

the  Barnaby  mill  are 
sent    to   every   State 
in    the    I'nion,    and 
the  reputation  of  the 
firm    has    become 
firmly    established. 
Mr.  Ashley  was  mar- 
ried    on     Feb.      18, 
1874,  to   Miss    Har- 
riet t  e     Remington 
Davol,  of   Fall  River, 
daughter  of  Stephen 
and  Sarah  F.  Davol ; 
their    children    are  : 
Mary    Easton,    .'\nna 
Byron,    William     H. 
and  Stephen  B.  Ash- 
ley.    They  reside  on 
Highland  Avenue  in 
a  large  and  attractive 
house,     which     has 
been       recently 
erected.     In  the  so- 
cial   life    of    Fall 
River  he   is  as  well- 
known    as    in    busi- 
ness  circles.     He  has 
travelled      much 
abroad  in  the  course 
of     advancing     h  i  s 
business,  and  is 
known  at  home  and  elsewhere  as  an  active,  devoted  and 
progressive   business    man.     He    is    a   director    in    the 
National  Union  Bank  of  Fall  River  and  in  the  Colum- 
bia  Mutual    Life  Assurance   Company  of    Providence. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Ashley  is  an  active  Republican,  and  is  a 
member  of   the   Republican  State  Central  Committee. 
On  all  subjects  relating   to  the   cotton  manufacturing 
industry  Mr.  Ashley  is  well  posted,  and  is  one  of  the 
best  authorities  in  the  city. 


490 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


LEONTINE  LINCOLN,  who  was  born  in  Fall  River 
Dec.  26,  1846,  is  descended  from  Thomas  Lin- 
coln, a  sturdy  New    England    pioneer,  who  settled  in 
Taunton   in   1652,  and  is  the  son  of  Jonathan  Thayer 
and  Abby  (Luscomb)   Lincoln.     He  was  educated    in 
Fall  River  and  at   Providence,  R.  L     At  nineteen  he 
formed  a  connection  with  the  business  house  of  Kilburn, 
Lincoln  &  Co.,  a  large  concern  engaged  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  and  silk  looms,  of  which  he  is  now 
treasurer,      having 
become      thoroughly 
acquainted    with 
the    details    of 
the    business.       He 
has    since    extended 
his  commercial  inter- 
ests in  a  great  many 
different     directions, 
however,  and  is  pres- 
ident and  a  director 
of    the   Second    Na- 
tional   Bank,    presi- 
dent of  the   Seacon- 
net  Mills,  a  director 
in      the      Hargraves 
Mill,    a    director    in 
the    Tecumseh    and 
King  Philip  Mills,  a 
director    in  the  Bar- 
nard    Manufacturing 
Company     and     the 
Crystal      S])ring 
Bleaching  and    Dye- 
ing   Company.     His 
connection  with   the 
cause    of    education 
in    the    city    of    F^all 
R  i  %•  e  r    has    alwaj's 
been    earnest,  active 
and  prominent.     He 

has  been  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  since 
1879,  and  its  chairman  since  1888  ;  has  been  a  trustee 
of  the  Fall  River  Free  Public  Library  since  1878,  and 
its  secretary  and  treasurer  since  1879.  He  is  the  sec- 
retary of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  B.  M.  C.  Durfee 
High  School,  and  a  member  of  the  Old  Colony  Histori- 
cal Society.  The  High  Street  school,  which  he  attended 
in  early  life,  was  named,  in  honor  of  him,  the  Lincoln 
School,  a  few  years  ago.     Mr.  Lincoln  was  married  in 


^f 


LEONTINE    LINCOLN 


Fall  River,  May  12,  1868,  to  Miss  Amelia  S.  Duncan, 
daughter  of  Rev.  John  Duncan  and  Mary  A.  (Macowan) 
Duncan,  who  has  borne  him  two  children,  Jonathan 
Thayer  Lincoln  and  Leontine  Lincoln,  Jr.  The  degree 
of  A.  M.  was  conferred  upon  Mr.  Lincoln  by  Brown 
LTniversity  in  1889.  He  is  a  great  lover  of  books  and 
finds  his  best  recreation  in  extending  his  wide  knowl- 
edge of  them  in  his  valuable  and  complete  library.  Mr. 
Lincoln  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  believing  strongly 

in  the  principles 
of  his  party,  and 
earnestly  advocating 
protection  in  every 
campaign,  where  his 
earnest  eloquence 
has  contributed 
$^^,^  much     towards     the 

success  of  the  Re- 
publicans. In  his 
speeches  on  these 
occasions  he  has 
shown  a  clear  under- 
standing and  a  thor- 
oughly practical 
grasp  of  the  ques- 
tions at  issue,  nota- 
bly those  questions 
affecting  the  tariff, 
on  which  he  has 
written  one  very  im- 
portant paper  relat- 
ing to  raw  material, 
which  has  been 
widely  read.  H  i  s 
style  is  forcible, 
graceful  and  correct, 
both  in  writing  and 
speaking.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln's sym])athy  with 
all  moral  and  spirit- 
ual progress  is  manifest  in  the  unostentatious  way  in 
which  he  devotes  his  powers  to  worthy  objects  apart 
from  business.  In  his  position  as  chairman  of  the 
School  Board,  it  is  realized  that  Mr.  Lincoln  is  likely  to 
have  no  successor  who  will  conduct  the  important  duties 
of  the  office  with  greater  discretion,  or  aid  the  mem- 
bers by  a  larger  fund  of  knowledge  of  school  affairs. 
His  wide  knowledge  of  men  and  measures  renders  him 
a  citizen  who  is  well  fitted  for  the  duties  of  public  life. 


FALL   RIVER. 


491 


FRANK  SHAW  STEVENS  is  a  native  of  Rutland,  Vt. 
He   was   born  in  that  town,  Aug.   6,   1827.     He 
received  a  common-school  education,  and  then  entered 
a  store  in  Westfield,  N.  V.,  as  clerk.     After  four  years' 
service  in  the  store  he  made  a  trip  with  other  'Forty- 
niners  to  the  newly  discovered  gold  fields  of  California. 
He  did  not  find  the  rough  life  of  a  miner  to  his  liking, 
however,  and  soon  abandoned  it  to  go  into  partnership 
with  Henry  Durfee  in  the  e.xpress  business.     The  young 
men  were  succeeding 
finely    when    high 
water   came    on  and 
they  were  forced  to 
give  up  theirbusiness. 
^[r     Stevens  then 
went  into  the  restau- 
rant    business,    and 
subsequently  ran  a 
stage    line     between 
Sacramento    and 
Flacerville      When, 
in  1854,  all  the  stage 
lines     in     California 
were     consolidated 
under   the    name    of 
the    California  Stage 
Company,     he     was 
chosen    vice-presi- 
dent, and  had  charge 
of  an   important  di- 
vision until  1866.    On 
his  final   return  East 
he  settled  in  Swansea. 
He    still    resides    in 
Swansea  village, 
where   he   is  held  in 
high   esteem      M  r . 
Stevens    has    large 
business  interests   in 
Kentucky,    and    has 

been  prominently  identified  with  many  manufacturing 
and  financial  enterprises  in  Fall  River  since  he  became 
a  resident  of  the  vicinity.  He  is  president  of  the  Globe 
Street  Railway  Company  and  the  Fall  River  Merino 
Company,  president  of  the  Afetacomet  National  Bank, 
and  a  director  in  ten  local  corporations.  Mr.  Stevens 
was  a  Democrat  till  the  first  year  of  the  war ;  since  then 
he  has  been  an  active  Republican  :  was  a  State  senator 
in   1884    and    a   delegate  to    the    National  Republican 


FRANK    S.    STEVENS. 


Conventions  of  1884  and  1888.  He  has  been  married 
twice,  his  first  wife  having  been  Julia  A.  B.  Birch, 
widow  of  James  E.  Birch,  of  Swansea,  to  whom  he  was 
united  in  July,  1858,  and  his  second  and  present  wife 
having  been  Miss  Elizabeth  R.  Case,  of  Swansea,  to 
whom  Mr.  Stevens  was  married  .April  22,  1873.  They 
have  no  children.  Mr.  Stevens's  benefactions  in  recent 
years,  both  public  and  private,  have  endeared  him  to 
the  community  ;  and  his  genial  disposition  makes  him 

welcome  wherever  he 
goes.  In  1890  he 
gave  to  the  town  of 
Swansea  a  town  hall 
of  modern  architec- 
ture with  a  tower,  bell 
and  clock.  The  hall 
is  located  in  Swansea 
A'illage,  not  far  from 
M  r  .  Stevens's  resi- 
dence, and  is  known 
as  Stevens  Memo- 
rial Hall.  It  affords 
room  for  the  Swansea 
Public  Library,  as 
well  as  for  town 
elections  and  kin- 
dred uses,  and  for 
religious  meetings. 
The  seating  capacity 
is  five  hundred. 
There  are  three  rooms 
in  the  building :  a 
town  hall,  a  library, 
and  a  selectmen's 
room.  The  structure 
is  of  wall  stone,  taken 
from  Mr.  Stevens's 
fields,  with  Long- 
meadow  brownstone 
trimmings.  The  hall 
was  dedicated  Sept.  9,  1891,  and  the  occasion  was  a 
memorable  one.  Mr.  Stevens  is  extremely  popular  in 
the  social  life  of  Swansea  and  of  Fall  Ri\er,  and  at  his 
beautiful  home  there  have  been  many  brilliant  social 
gatherings.  He  is  interested  in  the  raising  of  fine 
stock,  and  has  many  fine  specimens  on  his  farm  at 
Swansea.  In  political  as  well  as  in  business  circles,  Mr. 
Stevens  exerts  a  strong  and  healthful  influence,  and  is 
widely  esteemed  by  his  fellow-citizens. 


492 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


SIMEON  BORDEN  CHASE,  one   of    the   foremost 
manufacturers  of  Fall  River,  is  a  native  of  Ports- 
mouth, R.  I.,  where  he  was  born  Jan.   lo,  1849,  the  son 
of  Borden  and  Elizabeth   (Thomas)   Chase.     His  early 
davs  were  spent  in  Portsmouth,  and  he  attended  school 
in  that  town  until  he  was  about  eighteen  years  old.     He 
then  went  to  Providence  to  take  a  course  of  study  in 
Scholfield's  Commercial  College.     Having  prepared  for 
the  first  steps  of  a  business  career,   he  was  graduated 
from  the  college  and 
became    a    clerk    in 
the  office  of  the  Mer- 
chants' Mill  in    Fall 
River.    In  the  spring 
of   1870    Mr.    Chase 
went    to     the  West, 
and    spent    about    a 
year   and    a    half  in 
Nebraska.      Return- 
ing to  Fall  River,  he 
resumed    his    place 
with   the  Merchants' 
Mill,  in  whose  office 
he    had   become   as- 
sistant   book-keeper 
before  he  went  to  the 
West.     In    the    year 
1875   Mr.  Chase  left 
the    employ   of    the 
Merchants'  Manufac- 
turing   Company   to 
accept    a    more    re- 
sponsible  ])  o  s  i  t  i  o  n 
with   another  corpo- 
ration.    He  became 
treasurer    of    the 
Tecumseh    Mills,    in 
which  connection  he 
continued  until  about 
the  year  1882,  when 

he  returned  to  the  Merchants'  Mill  as  treasurer.  In 
February,  1885,  he  became  treasurer  of  the  King  Philip 
Mills,  which  office  he  has  held  the  past  seven  years. 
This  corporation  is  a  very  large  and  a  very  solid  one  ; 
is  one  of  the  oldest  mill  concerns  in  the  city  and  one 
of  the  most  prosperous.  Mr.  Chase's  interests  are  by 
no  means  confined  to  the  King  Philip  Mills,  for  he  is 
also  i)resident  of  the  Barnaby  Manufacturing  Company, 
and  a  director  of  the  Tecumseh  and  Davol  Mills,  the 


SIMEON    B     CHASE. 


Crystal  Spring  Bleaching  and  Dyeing  Company,  and  the 
Stevens  Manufacturing  Company.  He  was  married  in 
1S74  to  Miss  Louise  Whitman  Hills,  and  their  children 
are  Mary  Whitman,  Annie  Borden,  Louise,  Genevieve 
and  Florence  Chase.  Mr.  Chase  was  at  one  time  a 
member  of  the  Common  Council  of  Fall  River,  but 
has  never  otherwise  engaged  in  the  affairs  of  municipal 
government,  nor  held  prominent  offices  of  any  kind 
aside  from  business.     He   has  for  many  years  been  an 

earnest    student     of 
economic   questions, 
especially   of   the 
tariff,  and  the  result 
of  his  study  and  in- 
vestigation  has   1  e  d 
him    to   a    belief   in 
the  ])rotective  policy. 
He  is  a  Republican, 
and  in  recent  politi- 
cal    campaigns     has 
made    many  clear, 
direct   and    effective 
speeches     in    behalf 
of   the    [irinciple    of 
protection    as    it    is 
advocated    by    the 
Republican     part  y. 
His  ability  as  a  pub- 
lic speaker  has  thus 
become    recognized, 
and  he  has  delivered 
ni  a  n  y    lec;tures   and 
read  many  essays  be- 
fore  various  literary 
societies  of  the  city. 
His    writings    are 
notable  for  practical 
insight  and    original 
presentation    of    his 
views.    Especially  by 
his  articles  and  speeches  on  the  tariff  question  Mr.  Chase 
has  established  an  enviable  reputation  and  become  widely 
known  as  a  vigorous  thinker.   The  many  responsible  posi- 
tions which  he  holds  in  the  manufacturing  world  and  his 
extended   experience   render  him  one   of    the    highest 
authorities  in  the  Commonwealth  on  questions  relating 
to  his  special  interests.     In  the  business  as  well  as  in 
the  social  life  of  Fall  River,  Mr.  Chase  is  highly  esteemed 
and  very  popular  for  his  personal  qualities. 


FALL   RLVr.R. 


493 


ANDREW  JACKSON  JENNINGS,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  members  of  the   Fall  River  bar,  was 
born  in  that  city,  Aug.   2,   1849.     ^^^'^  early  education 
was  obtained  in   the  public  schools  of  Fall  River,  and 
after  leaving  the   high   school   in    1867  he  pursued  his 
preparatory  studies  at  Mowry  &  Goff's  Classical  School 
in  Providence,  R.  I.     Upon  graduating  from  this  insti- 
tution   in    1868,  Mr.  Jennings    matriculated    at    Brown 
University  and  graduated  with  high  honors  in  the  class 
of  1872.     During  his 
college    course    Mr. 
Jennings  took  a  lively 
interest    in     athletic 
sports,  and  was  cap- 
tain of  the  base-ball 
nines    of    his    class 

and    of    the    univer-  _ ,,,. 

sity.  After  leaving 
college,  Mr.  Jennings 
was  for  two  years 
p  r  i  n  c  i  [)  a  1  of  the 
Warren  (R.  I.)  High 
School,  and  in  1874 
entered  upon  the 
study  of  law,  in  the 
office  of  James  M. 
Morton  in  Fall  River. 
He  then  entered  the 
Law  School  of  Bos- 
ton University,  from 
which  he  was  grad- 
uated with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  in  May, 
1876.  Immediately 
thereafter  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of 
Bristol  County,  and 
became  Mr.  Morton's 
partner,  the  firm 
name  being   Morton 

&  Jennings.  This  relation  continued  until  1890,  when 
Mr.  Morton  was  appointed  a  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Judicial  Court  of  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Jennings  subse- 
quently formed  a  law  partnership  with  Mr.  John  S. 
Brayton,  Jr.,  which  was  dissolved  about  a  year  ago.  He 
is  now  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  alone,  and  has  a 
large  and  increasing  business.  Mr.  Jennings  is  consid- 
ered one  of  the  ablest  corporation  lawyers  in  the  Com- 
monwealth, though  he  by  no  means  confines  himself  to 


ANDREW   J.   JENNINGS. 


this  class  of  practice.  He  early  accjuired  an  enviable 
reputation  as  a  hard-working,  painstaking  and  consci- 
entious advocate,  and  this  reputation  has  been  well 
sustained.  Among  the  qualities  which  have  assured  his 
success  are  his  earnestness  and  his  ability  to  identify 
himself  thoroughly  with  the  interests  of  his  client.  Mr. 
Jennings  was  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  of 
Fall  River  for  three  years,  during  which  time  he  ren- 
dered valuable  aid  to  the  cause  of  education.     He  was 

elected  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts House  of 
Representatives     i  n 
1877,  and  served  on 
the   Judiciary   Com- 
mittee in  that  body. 
Re-elected    the    fol- 
lowing year,  he  again 
served  on    the  same 
committee.    In  1881 
Mr.     Jennings    was 
elected  to  the  State 
Senate,  where  he  was 
also  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Judi- 
ciary.    He  was  one  of 
the  most  active  and 
useful     members    of 
the  Legislature,  and 
though  a  strong 
Republican    he    was 
not  biassed  by   par- 
tisanship.    He    has 
at  various  times 
taken  an  active  part 
in  poll  t  i  cal  c  am- 
paigns,  his  sjiieeches 
being  remarkable  for 
the    effectiveness    of 
their  logic.     Mr. 
Jennings  has  for  sev- 
eral years  been  a  trustee   of  the   corporation  of  Brown 
University.     He  is  also  identified  with    several  of    the 
leading  corporations  of  the  city,  being  a  director  in  the 
Merchants'  Mfg.  Co.,  the  Globe  Yarn  Mills  and  the  San- 
ford  Spinning  Company.     In  religion,  Mr.  Jennings  is  a 
Baptist.     His  domestic  and  social  relations  have  been 
very  pleasant.     On  Christmas  Day,  1879,  he  was  married 
to  Miss  Marion  G.  Saunders,  of  Warren,  R.  I.,  and  they 
have  two  children,  Oliver  Saunders  and  Marion  Jennings. 


494 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


THE  city  of  Fall  River  does  not  rest  her  fame  alone 
upon  her  manufactures,  or  the  fact  that   she  has 
given  her  name  to  the  most  famous  of  the  world's  float- 
ing palaces.     She  excels  in  the  character  of  her  public 
men,  and  to  none  of  them  does  she  offer  a  more  gen- 
erous meed  of   respect   than   to   the   gentleman   upon 
whose  career  this  slight  sketch  is  based.     James  Fred- 
erick Jackson,  son  of   Elisha  T.  and  Caroline  (Fobes) 
Jackson,  was  born  in  Taunton,  Mass.,   Nov.  13,  1851. 
In    his   boyhood    he 
attended    the    Taun- 
ton   public    schools, 
and    after    proper 
preparation    entered 
Harvard     University 
in    1869,    and   was 
graduated   therefrom 
four  years  later.     He 
went     from    college, 
where  he  studied  dil- 
igently,   to    the    law 
office    of    Hon.    Ed- 
mund    H.    Bennett, 
in  Taunton,  and  sub- 
sequently pursued  a 
course  in  the  Boston 
University    Law 
School,  being  gradu- 
ated   in     1875.      In 
the    September    fol- 
lowing   graduation 
Mr.  Jackson  opened 
a  law   office   in   Fall 
River.    He  practised 
his   profession  alone 
until     1878,     when 
he    formed     a     law- 
partnership    with 
John  J.  Archer,  Ksij. 
Mr.  Archer  dying  in 

1882,  Mr.  Jackson  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  David 
F.  Slade,  the  firm  name  being  Jackson  &  Slade.  In 
June,  1 89 1,  Richard  P.  Borden,  Esq.,  became  a  mem- 
ber, and  the  firm  name  was  changed  to  Jackson,  Slade 
cS:  Borden.  This  firm  is  at  present  (1892)  one  of  the 
leading  law  firms  of  Fall  River.  Mr.  Jackson  was  mar- 
ried on  June  16,  1882,  to  Miss  Caroline  S.  Thurston, 
daughter  of  the  late  Rev.  Eli  Thurston,  D.  D.,  who  was  an 
honored  pastor  of  the  Central  Congregational  Church  of 


JAMES    F.   JACKSON. 


Fall  River,  and  of  Julia  k.  Thurston,  who  survives  her 
husband.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jackson  have  one  child,  a 
daughter,  Edith.  Mr.  Jackson  has  not  been  without 
some  military  experience,  having  become  connected 
with  the  Massachusetts  Volunteer  Militia  in  1879  ;  served 
as  second  lieutenant  of  Company  M,  First  Regiment 
Infantry ;  served  as  paymaster  on  Colonel  A.  C.  Wel- 
lington's staff,  and  having  been  elected  major  and  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, which  latter  office  he  resigned  in  1891. 

He    was    solicitor  of 
Fall  River  from  1880 
to  1889,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  one  year, 
and    was    elected 
mayor  of  the  city  on 
the    Republican 
ticket    in   18S8,  and 
again    in     18S9.     In 
his  practice  as  a  law- 
yer, both  before  and 
since  his  acceptance 
of  the  mayoralty,  he 
has   been  connected 
with  many  very  im- 
portant  cases,  and 
has   been   quite    as 
conspicuous     in    his 
legal    services    in 
other    parts    of    the 
State    as   in    Fall 
River,  while  his  con- 
duct as  city  solicitor 
of   the    case   of    the 
city   in    the    water 
suits    pending    dur- 
ing   his    administra- 
tion  as    mayor    was 
recognized  as  excep- 
tionally   able   and 
honorable.      Mr. 
Jackson    has  been  connected  for  years  with  the  Central 
Congregational   Church,  of    which  he  is  an  influential 
member ;    was  the  first    president  of   the  present   Fall 
River  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  ;   and  is  an 
active  promoter  of  public  enterprises,  both  by  reason  of 
his  connection  with  the  Fall  River  Board  of  Trade  and 
in  his  capacity  as  a  sound  and  able  business  man.     On 
all  ([uestions  of  municipal  policy  and  government,  Mr. 
Jackson's  word  carries  great  weight. 


OCCUPYING  a  prominent  position  on  the  northern  promontory  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  a  headland  about^five 
miles  in  average  breadth  and  extending  about  nine  miles  from  the  mainland  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  named 
Cape  Ann  by  Prince  Charles  of  England  in  honor  of  his  mother,  the  consort  of  James  I.,  Gloucester  combines  in 
an  unusual  degree  the  attractions  of  woodland,  hillside,  beach  and  sea. 

Its  wholesome  ocean  breezes,  seaside  delights  and  facilities  for  sailing,  fishing  and  bathing  ;  its  lovely  inland 
byways  and  rural  drives  and  rambles ;  its  sweet-scented  pastures,  covered  with  the  fragrant  bayberry,  sweet-fern, 
and  acres  of  wild  roses;  and  its  sightly  hills,  commanding  the  most  beautiful  prospects  by  sea  and  land,  have 
made  it  a  favorite  summer  resort  for  thousands  from  all  parts  of  the  land. 

Its  natural  location  and  the  enterprising,  adventurous  and  hardy  character  of  its  early  settlers  have  made 
it  the  leading  fish-producing  port  of  the  western  continent.  Its  keels  part  all  waters,  from  the  outlying  banks  of 
the  New  England,  Canadian  and  Newfoundland  coasts  to  far-away  Greenland,  Iceland,  and  the  North  Sea.  Its 
white-winged  messengers  of  fishing  commerce  vie  in  symmetry  of  outline,  staying  qualities  and  speed  with  the 
costly  pleasure  yacht  of  the  lordly  millionnaire.  Its  hardy  sons  know  no  fear,  and  are  deterred  by  no  danger  in 
their  pursuit  of  the  finny  tribes,  and  its  enterprising  merchants  are  prompt  to  ado])t  every  device  to  place  their 
product  upon  the  market  in  the  most  attractive  and  inviting  guise. 

'I'he  first  occupation  of  the  territory  by  white  men  was  in  1623,  when  a  fishing  vessel  sent  out  from  England 
completed  its  cargo  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  proceeded  with  the  same  to  Spain,  lea\ing  fourteen  men  "in  the 
country  at  Cape  Anne"  to  commence  a  plantation.  Returning  the  next  year  with  another  \essel,  both  proceeded 
to  England  after  an  unsuccessful  season,  leaving  thirty-two  men  behind.  In  1625  three  vessels  were  sent  out 
from  England  with  "  kine  and  other  provisions,"  and  Roger  Conant  was  summoned  from  Plymouth  as  governor  of 
the  new  colony.  But  from  various  causes  the  enterprise  failed,  the  plantation  was  broken  up,  and  Mr.  Conant  and 
some  of  the  men  went  further  west  to  Naumkeag  to  establish  the  colony  at  Salem.  How  soon  thereafter  Glou- 
cester became  the  residence  of  new  settlers  it  is  impossible  to  tell.  It  seems  to  have  had  permanent  residents  in 
1633  ;  fishing  operations  were  conducted  as  early  as  1639,  and  it  was  incorporated  as  a  plantation  in  1642. 

It  is  now  a  city  of  26,000  inhabitants  (incorporated  in  1873).  Its  leading  industry  is  fishing,  in  which 
it  employs  a  fleet  of  375  vessels,  of  some  25,000  tons,  and  from  4,000  to  5,000  men.  It  has  also  a  large  net 
and  twine  factory,  an  anchor  factory,  three  marine  railways,  and  other  manufactures  incidental  to  the  fisheries ; 
a  shoe  factory  and  other  business  enterprises  ;  an  excellent  system  of  water  supply,  gas  and  electric  lighting  plants, 
an  electric  street  railway,  railroad  and  steamboat  connection  with  Boston,  a  free  public  library,  and  numerous 
institutions  of  charity  and  benevolence. 

The  loving  loyalty  of  her  sons  is  shown  by  the  Old  Ladies'  Home,  the  gift  of  Joseph  F.  Huntress;  the 
Home  for  Aged  Men  and  \\omen,  the  Gilbert  Hospital,  and  other  benefactions  from  Adclison  Gilbert,  who"left  his 
entire  estate  for  local  public  benevolence  ;  the  Sawyer  Free  Library,  Ravenswood  Park,  and  charitable  endowments 
from  Samuel  E.  Sawyer,  a  i)rincely  benefactor  ;  a  fund  of  Sio,ooo  for  temperance  work  from  Charles  Saunders, 
and  prospective  benefits  from  the  estates  of  John  Woodward  Lowe  and  George  O.  Hovey. 

Last  summer  Gloucester  observed  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  her  incorporation  as  a  town, 
with  a  three  days'  celebration  on  a  scale  of  magnificent  proportions.  The  White  Squadron  and  many  beautiful 
private  yachts  graced  the  waters  of  her  beautiful  harbor  ;  her  sons  and  daughters  came  home  from  distant  States 
to  exchange  their  congratulations  with  their  old-time  school-fellows ;  her  streets  were  thronged  with  visitors  from 
far  and  near  to  witness  the  spectacular  exhibit ;  and  statesmen,  soldiers,  sailors,  artists,  merchants  and  men 
eminent  in  every  walk  of  life  sat  at  her  hospitable  board. 

Entering  thus  upon  a  new  era,  with  bright  prospects  ahead  and  energy  to  secure  them,  who  shall  predict 
her  future  career?  The  beauty  which  Nature  provides  will  always  endure  to  attract  visitors  to  her  health-giving 
shores ;  the  sea  will  not  refuse  its  har^'ests  to  recompense  the  toil  of  her  valiant  sons,  and,  with  a  past  to  rejoice 
in,  she  may  confidently  look  forward  to  further  advance,  additional  triumphs,  and  a  glory  yet  to  be  won. 


496 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


A 


SA  G.  ANDREWS,  mayor  of  Clloucester,  was  born 
West   Gloucester,   June    24,    1843.     When   a 
child  his  parents  removed  to  the  neighboring  town  of 
Essex.     Here  he  spent  his  childhood,  and  obtained  a 
good    common-school    education  among  a  sturdy  and 
well-to-do  people,  amid  pleasant  scenes  and  intelligent 
companionship.     At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  left  this 
home  and  branched  out  for  himself,  and  for  five  years 
was  in  the  grocery  liusiness  at    Concord,  N.  H.     He 
then   went    to  Glou- 
cester   and    entered 
the    employment    of 
Charles  Parkhurst  & 
Son,  and    later   on 
acted    as   agent    for 
the    Parkhurst     ma- 
rine   railways,  which 
jjosition     he    filled 
with    ability  for    six- 
teen years.     Mr.  An- 
d  r  e  w  s    has    been 
closely    i  d  en  t  i  fi  ed 
with    the    affairs   of 
the    city,    and    has 
always   acted    with 
the     Republican 
party,  serving  on  the 
city  committee  for  a 
number    of    years. 
In  1880  he  was  hon- 
ored by  the  citizens 
of  Ward  Three  with 
an    election    to    the 
C  o  m  m  o  n    Council, 
and    re-elected   in 
1881.     In    1882    he 
was    elected     alder- 
man, and  re-elected 
in    1888    and     1889, 
the  latter  year  serv- 
ing as  president  of  the  board  with   credit.     During  his 
term   of   service    he  was  a  \aluable,  conservati\e   and 
conscientious   member   of    the    committees   on    Public 


ASA    G.    ANDREWS 


made  quite  a  saving  in  the  cost  of  these  well-planned 
buildings.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Huntress  Home  for  Aged  Ladies.  In 
December,  1890,  he  was  elected  mayor  by  a  handsome 
majority,  was  re-elected  in  1891  and  in  1892,  and  is 
now  serving  his  third  term,  an  honor  which  never 
before  has  been  accorded  to  any  citizen,  pro\ing  his 
popularity  as  a  man  and  a  public  ofTicial.  He  now 
devotes  his  whole  time  to  the  affairs  of  the  city,  and 

citizens  are  sure  of  a 
careful  hearing  when 
they  call  on  His 
Honor  at  the  City 
Hall  during  office 
hours.  In  1892  the 
two  hundred  and 
fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  incorporation 
of  Gloucester  as  a 
town  was  celebrated, 
an  arduous  year  for 
one  occupying  the 
p3sition  of  mayor. 
The  chief  executive 
acquitted  himself 
with  great  credit, 
and  proved  to  be 
the  right  man  in  the 
right  place,  taking  a 
great  interest  in  for- 
warding matters,  and 
aiding  the  anniver- 
sary committee  in 
e\'ery  way  to  make 
the  occasion,  as  it 
proved  to  be,  one  of 
the  most  successful 
and  well-conducted 
celebrations  e\er 
attempted  in  the 
Commonwealth,  long  to  be  remembered  by  all  who 
came  from  far  and  near  to  do  honor  to  the  good  old 
city  by  the   sea.     Mr.  Andrews  is  a  veteran  Odd  Fellow 


Property,  Police,  Fire  Department  and  .Accounts.     As  and  a  member  and  past  sachem  of  the  Red  Men.     He 

chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Property  he  had  is  a  charter  jnember,  director,  and  member  of  the  invest- 

charge  of  the  erection  of  the  handsome  new  high  school  ment  committee  of  the  co-operative  bank.     He  married, 

building,   the    new   police    court    house    and    armory,  Dec.  21,  1863,  Almira  C.Haskell,  of  West  Gloucester, 

buildings  of  which  any  city  may  well  be  proud.     His  and  has  two  daughters  living,— M.  Addie,  wife  of  Charles 

care  and  attention,  and  his  practical  business  methods,  H.  Coos,  of  F^ast  Gloucester,  and  Miss  Edith  G.Andrews. 


GLOUCESTER. 


497 


SYLVANUS  SMITH  was  born  in  Sandy  Bay  (now 
Rockport),  Gloucester,  March  lo,  1829.  He  was 
a  son  of  William  and  Charlotte  (Poole)  Smith.  Cap- 
tain Smith's  great-grandfather  was  born  on  Castle  Island, 
in  Boston  Harbor,  in  colonial  days,  and  served  as  a 
pri\ateersman  in  the  Revolutionary  War.  His  father, 
William,  li\ed  to  a  \enerable  age,  dying  in  Gloucester, 
May  18,  1883,  lacking  only  a  month  of  the  age  of  85. 
His  mother  belonged  to  a  family  long  and  intimately 
connected  with  the 
history  of  the  town. 
Captain  Smith's  edu- 
cation was  received 
in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  village. 
In  those  days  the 
boys  had  to  "  lend  a 
hand,"  and  at  eleven 
years  of  age  he  started 
out  to  earn  a  living 
as  an  operative  fisher- 
man. By  hard  work, 
perseverance  and  a 
determination  to  suc- 
ceed, he  worked  his 
way  up  to  be  master 
of  his  craft,  then 
owner  and  outfitter 
of  a  large  fleet.  In 
1864  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Cap- 
tain Joseph  Rowe, 
also  a  successful  mas- 
ter-mariner in  the 
fishing  trade,  engag- 
ing in  the  business 
on  an  extensive  scale. 
In  1867  the  copart- 
nership was  dis- 
solved,Captain  Smith 

continuing  the  business  with  Addison  Gott,  Jr.,  the  firm 
continuing  for  ten  years,  when  Mr.  Gott  retired,  and 
later  Captain  Smith  took  as  a  partner  his  son-in-law, 
E.  Archer  Bradley,  and  afterwards  admitted  his  son, 
Howard  F.  Smith,  under  the  style  of  Sylvanus  Smith 
&  Co.  The  business  is  still  conducted  on  an  extensive 
scale,  fitting  a  large  fleet  and  handling  large  quantities 
of  fish.  In  politics  Captain  Smith  is  an  ardent  Repub- 
lican, and  he  is  now  serving  his  second  term  as  a  mem- 


SYLVANUS    SMITH. 


ber  of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives, 
where  he  has  made  a  good  record  as  an  industrious  and 
useful  member,  particularly  on  matters  connected  with 
the  fishing  and  maritime  interests,  in  which  he  is  well 
versed.  He  is  popular  in  his  party  and  out  of  it,  and 
no  doubt  will  win  other  honors  in  the  political  field  if 
he  desires  to  do  so.  He  has  represented  the  fishery 
interests  of  his  native  city  on  several  occasions  at 
Washington,    Halifax,   etc.,  when   practical  information 

was  desired  to   pro- 
tect the  rights  of  the 
fishermen   and    out- 
fitters.    He  has  been 
a    director     of     the 
Gloucester   Mutual 
Fishing    Insurance 
Company  for  the  past 
twenty-five     years; 
for  nearly  twenty 
years  a  director  of  the 
First  National  Bank 
of  Gloucester ;  vice- 
president   and    di- 
rector of  the  Glouces- 
ter Net    and  Twine 
Company  for  the  past 
eight  years,  and  pres- 
ident of  the  Glouces- 
ter Board  of   Trade 
in    1890   and     1891. 
Captain    Smith    has 
been  twice  married, 
—  first    to    Sarah    P. 
.Atwood,    who     died 
without    issue..  His 
second  wife  is  Eliza 
C,    daughter    of 
Charles  and  Harriet 
(Smith)     Rowe,     of 
Rockport,  by  whom 
he  has  had  twelve  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  living, 
viz.,  two  daughters,  —  Martha,  wife  of   E.  Archer  Brad- 
ley, and   Eliza,  wife  of   Fred.  A.   Fisher,  —  and   three 
sons,  Howard  F.,  Horace  and  Sylvanus.     He  is  an  excel- 
lent representative   of  the  hardy  men  who  have  done 
so  much  to  develop  the  fishery  interests  of  Gloucester, 
and,  having  accumulated  a  handsome  estate,  is    content 
to  commit  a  portion  of  the  responsibility  to  younger 
men,  and  devote  his  time  to  public  duties. 


498 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO~DAY. 


WILLIAM   H.  WONSON,  311,  comes  from  a  well- 
known  (Uoucester  family,  being  a  descendant 
of  John  Wonson,  an  early  settler  at    Sandy  Bay,   now 
Rockport,  where  he  married  a  daughter  of  the  first  set- 
tler, Richard  Tarr,  in  1720,  and  had  a  house  as  early  as 
1726.     John  W'onson's  youngest  son,  Samuel,  removed 
to  Last  Gloucester,  at  which  place  the  family  is  now  a 
large  one,  his  descendants  being  among  the  most  enter- 
prising, reliable  and  perse\ering  fishing  merchants    of 
Gloucester,  and   are 
now     n  u  m  b  e  r  e  d 
among  her  most  re- 
spected  citizens. 
William  H.  Wonson,  : 

3d,  was  born  in 
Gloucester,  June  22, 
1826,  son  of  William 
H.  and  Susan  ( Par- 
sons) Wonson,  who 
are  both  still  living, 
being  among  the 
oldest  citizens.  Mr. 
Wonson  is  probably 
the  only  man  in  the 
city,  of  his  age,  who 
has  both  his  parents 
now  living.  Mr. 
Wonson  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public 
schools  of  (ilouces- 
ter.  In  his  boyhood 
and  early  manhood 
he  followed  the  fish- 
eries a  s  a  business 
for  eighteen  years, 
starting  out  a  t  the 
tender  age  of  ten 
years  to  earn  a  live- 
lihood, and  help  his 
father    along,   a  s    a 

fisherman,  rising  to  the  command  of  a  fine  fishing 
schooner  at  the  age  of  twenty-four  years,  and  continuing 
as  master  for  four  years.  About  this  time  he  retired 
from  fishing,  and  with  his  father,  his  two  brothers, 
Benjamin  and  Addison,  established  a  new  branch  of 
the  fishing  business,  the  purchase,  smoking  and  sale  of 
smoked  halibut,  under  the  firm  name  of  \\'illiam  H. 
Wonson  &  Son,  which  enterprise  from  the  start  has 
been  very  successful.     Mr.  Wonson  has  ever  been  an 


Wk 


WILLIAM    H,    WONSON,  3cl. 


active  Republican,  has  fre(|uently  served  as  a  member 
of  the  City  Committee  from  Ward  One,  and  always  taken 
part  in  ])ublic  affairs.  When  the  city  government  was 
established  in  1873  he  was  elected  as  an  alderman 
from  his  native  ward,  and  re-elected  in  1874,  serv- 
ing for  the  years  1874  and  1875,  the  first  years  of  the 
city  go\ernment,  with  credit  to  himself  and  benefit  to 
his  ward.  He  was  chosen  representative  to  the  Massa- 
chusetts (General  Court  in  1881,  re-elected  in  1882,  and 

was  a   \'alued  mem- 
ber,   especially   on 
matters   conne  c  t  e  d 
«»  wit  h    the    fisheries. 

He  served  on  the  im- 
|)ortant  committee  of 
harbor  and  pub  I  i  c 
lands.  He  kept 
well  in  line  in  h  i  s 
politii'al  career,  for 
in  the  year  1883  he 
was  the  choice  of 
the  people  for  mayor, 
and  was  re-elected 
to  serve  in  1884, 
making  an  honest 
and  conser  \' a  t  i  V  e 
executive.  He  is 
the  only  ( Gloucester 
mayor  who  has  e\er 
had  the  same  Board 
of  Aldermen  elected 
and  serve  for  the  two 
consecutive  years 
while  he  held  the 
office.  Mr.  Wonson 
is  president  of  the 
Gloucester  Fisher- 
man's Institute,  di- 
rector and  member  of 
the  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  Gloucester  Board  of  Trade.  He  is  a  trustee 
of  the  Prospect  Street  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in 
which  he  takes  a  lively  interest.  He  spends  his  summers 
at  Asbury  Grove.  He  married,  ."Vpril  30, 1848,  Judith  \\'. 
Tarr,  by  whom  he  had  four  children,  one  son  and  three 
daughters.  The  son  died  in  early  life  ;  the  oldest 
daughter,  Judith  K.,  married  Augustus  Hubbard;  Ida 
married  Osborn  P.  Linnekin,  and  Josephine  married 
Sidney  H.  Savage,  and  all  are  settled  in  Gloucester. 


GLOUCESTER. 


499 


F 


RANCIS    PROCTER,  eldest  son  of  Francis   Epes 
and  Ann  (Allen)  Procter,  was  born  in  Gloucester, 
March  i6,  1833.     His  mother  was  descended  from  Rev. 
fohn  White,  who,  ordained  April  21,   1703,  ser\ed  the 
First  Parish  fifty-eight  years.     On  his  father's  side  he  is 
a  descendant  from   Rev.  Francis   Higginson,   the   first 
minister  at  Salem,  John  Procter  who  was  put  to  death 
in  the  witchcraft  delusion  of  1692,  and  Colonel  \Villiam 
Prescott,  of  Bunker  Hill   fame.     He  was   educated   in 
the  Gloucester  pub- 
lic   schools.     H  i  s 
father  died  in   1846, 
when    he    was    thir- 
teen years  old,  leav- 
ing   him,    with     two 
younger    brothers, 
the    support   of    his 
mother,  who   shortly 
after    lost    her    eye- 
sight.    Borrowing 
of  her   one   dollar 
he  purchased  thirty- 
three    copies  of    the 
Flag    of    our    Union 
and    thus    started    a 
business     now     em- 
bracing printing, 
|)ul)lishing,   booksell- 
ing, stationery,  wall- 
paper and  a  general 
new'spaper      trad  e. 
In  1854  he  took  his 
brother,    George    H. 
Procter,  as  a  partner, 
starting   the    firm  of 
Procter  Brothers  (his 
younger  brother,  Wil- 
liam A.,  having  died 
in    1848).      In    July, 
1853,  "Procter's  Able 

Sheet"  was  started  and  published  monthly,  and  was  later 
changed  to  the  Gloucester  AJvcrtiscr,  a  semi-monthly. 
In  1856  the  Cape  Ann  Aihvr/isrr  w^^'a  first  issued  and 
is  still  published  weekly.  Their  latest  venture,  the 
Gloucester  Daily  Times,  came  out  June  16,  1888,  and  is 
now  printed  on  a  Cox  duplex  iierfecting  press.  Mr. 
Procter  has  always  been  interested  in  jiublic  improvements 
notably,  the  laying  out  of  Belle\ue  Heights  for  residen- 
tial lots.     The  firm  is  also  interested  in  Wolf  Hill  and 


FRANCIS    PROCTER. 


Willoughby  Park,  pleasant  summer  resorts.  Mr.  Procter 
was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Free -Soil  Con\ention  at  Wor- 
cester; served  as  auditor  of  the  town  accounts  in  1861  ; 
attended  the  Liberal  Republican  Convention  of  1872  ;was 
a  member  of  the  Conference  Committee  that  nominated 
Charles  Sumner  for  governor  ;  was  alderman  from  Ward 
Four  in  1876,  and  has  always  been  an  active  Republi- 
can. He  joined  the  Masonic  Fraternity  in  early  man- 
hood, was    secretary   of  Tyrian   Lodge    for   two    years, 

chairman   of    the 
Parish  Committee  of 
the        Independent 
Christian     Society 
(the    oldest   Univer- 
salist    Church    in 
America),  from  1883 
to  1889  ;  is  secretary 
and  tieasurer  of  the 
Wolf    Hill   Land 
Company,  and  ]jresi- 
dent   of    the    Wil- 
loughby   Park    Land 
Association.     He    is 
also    director  of   the 
Gloucester  Board  of 
Trade,   chairman    of 
the    Committee     on 
Manufactures,  direc- 
tor of  the  Gloucester 
Cooperative    Bank, 
and  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Park  Com- 
missi o  n  e  r  s.     Mr. 
Procter    married    in 
Marlboro',    M-flss., 
March     15,     1856, 
Mary      Melissa, 
daughter  of  Solomon 
and    Mary  H.   (Per- 
kins)   Rice,    of   that 
town.     His  children  are    Frank   Rice,  George  Perkins 
(deceased),  William  Allen  and  Mary  iM.  Procter.     He 
helped  organize  the  Massachusetts  Press  Association  in 
1S69,  served  as  secretary  two  years,  vice-president  five 
years,  president  three  years,  is  fourth  vice-president  Amer- 
ican Associated  Dailies,  and  has  been  delegate  to  many 
conventions  of  the  National  Editorial  Association,  and 
member  of  its  Executive  Committee.     Mr.  Procter  has 
tra\'elled  extensively,  spending  two  winters  in  Bermuda. 


PITrSFIELD  is  the  first  city  of  Berkshire  County.  It  is  situated  almost  in  the  centre  of  a  geographical  amphi- 
theatre, the  Taconics,  Washington  Mountain,  Perry's  Peak  and  Potter  Mountain  rising  about  it  like 
sentinels.  Visitors  are  speedily  imjiressed  with  its  wide  streets,  stately  trees  and  substantial  buildings.  There 
are  six  lakes  within  Pittsfield's  borders  and  numberless  scenic  panoramas  which  would  alone  make  the  place 
celebrated.  Pittsfield  became  a  city  in  1891,  feeling  that,  with  eighteen  thousand  inhabitants,  letter-carrier 
service,  well-organized  police  and  fire  departments,  fire-alarm  telegrajjh,  fine  water  supply,  electric  lights,  telephone 
facilities,  first-class  sidewalks,  street  railway,  etc.,  the  place  had  attained  municipal  importance.  By  this  change, 
however,  Pittsfield  has  lost  none  of  its  air  of  refinement  and  its  loveliness  as  a  summer  resort. 

Since  1868  Pittsfield  has  been  the  county  seat,  thus  gaining  a  fine  marble  court  house  and  soon  after  a 
correspondingly  substantial  jail.  Admirable  railroad  facilities  have  contributed  much  toward  its  development, 
Boston  and  New  York  being  within  five  hours'  ride  by  way  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  and  Housatonic  branch  of  the 
New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  Pittsfield  has  always  nurtured  its  educational,  industrial,  social  and 
religious  interests.  Its  aristocracy  has  never  been  of  the  purse-proud,  arrogant  type,  but  rather  of  the  earnest, 
])atriotic  sort,  possessed  of  the  same  spirit  that  led  "  Fighting  Parson"  Allen  to  drop  his  sermon  to  participate  in 
the  battle  of  Bennington.  Linked  with  the  history  of  the  town  are  the  names  of  Plunkett,  Barker,  Pomeroy, 
Allen,  Francis,  Parker,  Colt,  Dunham,  Childs  and  Russell.  The  town  has  always  had  something  of  a  literary  tone, 
deepened  perhaps  by  Dr.  01i\er  Wendell  Holmes's  summer  residence,  Herman  Mehille's  home  at  "Arrowhead," 
and  the  late  Poet  Longfellow's  frequent  \isits.  Its  pulpits  have  almost  invariably  been  filled  with  pastors  of  strong 
personality,  such  as  Rev.  Dr.  John  Todd,  Rev.  Dr.  Heman  Humphrey,  Rev.  Dr.  William  C.  Richards  and  Rev. 
Dr.  William  Wilberforce  Newton. 

Several  libraries  were  founded  as  early  as  1796.  The  Athenjeum,  Pittsfield's  present  library  building,  stands 
a  monument  to  the  late  Thomas  Allen,  one  of  her  self-made  sons,  who  never  lost  his  love  for  his  native  place, 
although  most  of  his  life  was  passed  in  the  West,  he  being  the  chief  promoter  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  and  presi- 
dent of  the  first  company  that  began  its  construction.  The  Athenseum  also  contains  an  art  gallery  and  museum 
and  rooms  of  the  Berkshire  Historical  and  Scientific  Society. 

The  Business  Men's  Association  was  organized  in  1881  with  over  a  hundred  members,  and  has  convenient 
rooms  of  its  own.  Pittsfield's  increasing  manufacturing  establishments  are  to  a  great  extent  hidden  away  in  the 
extremities  of  the  city,  so  that  the  principal  streets  retain  all  their  old  picturesqueness,  so  agreeable  to  the  hun- 
dreds of  visitors  who  annually  flock  from  the  great  cities  to  its  summer  hotels  and  many  private  residences.  The 
place  has  interesting  residences.  There  is,  for  instance,  the  Thomas  Plunkett  house,  once  the  home  of  Thomas 
Gold,  who,  tradition  has  it,  sat  in  an  upper  chamber  and  saw  his  own  funeral,  as  the  procession  passed  to  the 
cemetery.  It  was  necessary,  if  the  old  story  is  to  be  believed,  that,  owing  to  some  financial  transactions,  he 
should  be  dead.  After  the  obsequies  he  made  his  escape  to  distant  lands.  It  was  in  this  house  that  Longfellow's 
famous  poem,  "The  Old  Clock  on  the  Stairs,"  was  written,  and  the  clock  remains  in  the  same  hallway  to  this  day. 

Twenty-six  common  schools  serve  to  show  the  wide  diffusion  of  educational  advantages.  At  a  period  just 
before  the  town  became  a  city  the  real  estate  valuation  was  jilaced  at  $7,101,525,  with  personal  estate  sufficient  to 
bring  the  grand  total  to  §9,893,959.  Pittsfield's  banking  facilities  are  excellent,  the  loan  and  discount  business  of 
three  institutions  reaching  over  §2,000,000  in  a  recent  year.  Its.  industries  are  widely  diversified,  although  the 
manufacture  of  woollens,  yarns,  braids,  shoes  and  shoe  and  iron  specialties  predominate.  The  city  has  several 
noteworthy  insurance  companies  and  four  newspapers.  Pittsfield,  with  its  unrommon  ad\antages  and  encircled  by 
such  interesting  places  as  Lenox  and  Stockbridge,  is  an  ideal  home. 


PFTTSFIELD. 


SOI 


JABEZ  L.  PECK,  mayor  of  Pittsfield  and  once  before 
the  chief  executive   of  his  native   city,  was  born 
Dec.    7,    1826.       He    descended    from    pioneer   New 
England   stock,  his  father  Jabez  and   his  uncle  F'lijah 
Peck  being  the  foimders  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Peck  Lower  Mill,  he  succeeding  them  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  cotton  yarn.     His   mother  was    Clarissa    Peck. 
Young   Peck  gained   a  good   education   in    the  public 
schools  and  early  entered  the  manufacturing  business, 
which   was   to  prove 
his   life-work,  grasp- 
ing its  details  readily, 
for    he    inherited    a 
liking  for  the  impor- 
tant industrial  niche 
destiny  had  marked 
out    for    him .     In 
1864,    i  n     company 
with  Joseph  K.  Kil- 
burn,    he    built    the 
Peck   Upper   Mill, 
for  the  manufacture 
of    flannels.        Four 
years  later  he  bought 
out    his  partner  and 
in    1 888  constructed 
the  large  weave  sheds 
of   the    Peck  Manu- 
facturing   Company. 
He  is  at  the  head  of 
this  prosperous  con- 
cern,  which    gives 
employment    to    two 
hundred     a  n  d    fifty 
hands,  and  from  the 
first,     through     poor 
and  prosperous  times, 
has    conducted     it 
with    rare     business 
skill,     energy     and 

forethought.  His  life  as  a  business  man,  public  officer, 
citizen  and  pioneer  is  thoroughly  interwoven  with  the 
history  of  the  old  town  which  he  has  served  five  years 
as  water  commissioner,  ten  as  chief  engineer  of  the  fire 
department,  having  always  been  a  member  of  Company 
No.  I,  and  one  year  a  selectman.  He  is  president  of 
and  a  director  in  the  stanch  old  Berkshire  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Company,  which  was  organized  in  1835,  a 
director  and  member  of  the  Finance  Committee  of  the 


JABEZ    L.    PECK 


Berkshire  Life  Insurance  Company,  a  director  in  the 
Agricultural  National  Bank,  a  trustee  and  member  of  the 
Finance  Committee  of  the  Berkshire  Savings  Bank,  and 
a  trustee  in  the  Pittsfield  Cemetery  Corporation,  be- 
side being  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  First  Church 
parish.  Mr.  Peck  was  elected  to  the  Board  of  Alder- 
man from  Ward  Three  in  1890  and  was  chosen  presi- 
dent, in  which  position  he  did  efficient  work.  So 
heartily  did  his  work  commend  itself  to  members  of  his 

party  that  he  was 
unanimously  nomi- 
nated for  the  mayor- 
alty a  year  later,  and 
although  the  city  is 
naturallyDemocratic, 
was  elected  after  an 
exceedingly  exciting 
and  interesting  cam- 
paign. His  admin- 
istration was  char- 
acterized by  a  firm 
and  wise  control  of 
municipal  affairs,  and 
an  economical  man- 
agement of  the  city's 
finances.  At  the 
close  of  his  admin- 
istration there  was  a 
general  demand  for 
h  i  s  renomination, 
which  was  so  strong 
as  to  overcome  his 
personal  preferences, 
and  he  reluctantly 
consented    to    again 

be  a  candidater    He 

was  re-elected  by  a 
largely  increased 
majority,  at  a  time 
when  the  city  stood 
peculiarly  in  need  of  a  firm  and  level-headed  execu- 
tive, the  result  giving  satisfaction  to  men  of  all  parties. 
Mayor  Peck  was  married  in  1853  to  Miss  Elizabeth  U. 
Dowse,  and  has  two  children,  Thomas  D.,  who  is  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  business,  and  Miss  Mary  Clarissa 
Peck.  He  resides  on  East  Street,  one  of  the  loveliest 
and  most  aristocratic  avenues  of  the  city.  Mayor  Peck 
has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  financiers 
in  Berkshire  County. 


502 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


COLONEL    WALTKR    CUTTING    was    born    in 
Westchester  County,  New  York,  April   19,  1.S41, 
being  the  son  of  the  late  Robert  L.  Cutting  and  the  late 
Juliana  Cutting,  of  New  York  City.     He  spent  his  boy- 
hood   days    in    and    about    the    metropolis.      Entering 
Columbia  College,  he  was  graduated  from  that  institu- 
tion in  the  class  of  1862.     The  war  had  fairly  begun  as 
he  closed  his  studies,  and  he  was  not  long  in  determin- 
ing which  way  duty  led.     He  was  mustered  into  ser\ice 
as    ensign    of    Com- 
pany G,  Thirtieth 
Regiment,  New  York 
Volunteers,  Jan.    10, 
1862.       He     was 
speedily  detailed  on 
staff  duty  as  aide-de- 
cam])    to    Brigadier- 
General    (afterwards 
Major -Creneral)     C. 
C.    Augur.     Three 
months  after  enlisting 
he  was  promoted   to 
the  first  lieutenancy 
of  Company  f ..  The 
next   year   he    was 
made    captain    a  n  d 
additional   a  i  d  e-de- 
camp,    being    mus- 
tered out  of  service 
in  July,    1866,  when 
he    was    bre\etted 
lieutenant-c  o  1  o  n  e  1, 
for  "  gallant  and  mer- 
itorious   services." 
In  December,    1863, 
Lieutenant  -  Colon  e  1 
Cutting   was    made 
major   and    senior 
aide-de-camp  of  the 
Twenty-second  .Army 

Corps.  Although  closely  confined  to  his  varied  busi- 
ness enterprises,  he  has  never  lost  interest  in  military 
affairs,  being  a  member  of  the  Grand  .\rmy  and  of  the 
Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  I>egion  of  the  United 
States.  Mr.  Cutting  is  now  colonel  and  senior  aide-de- 
camp to  Governor  William  E.  Russell  of  Massachusetts, 
in  which  State  he  has  resided  since  May,  1868.  Thus, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  Mr.  Cutter  found  himself  a 
lieutenant-colonel,  having  been  graduated  when  he  was 


WALTER    CUTTING. 


only  twenty-one  years  old.  Two  years  after  returning 
from  the  war  he  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  paper 
at  Dalton,  Mass.,  with  the  late  Major-General  William 
F.  Bartlett,  of  the  I'nited  States  Volunteers,  the  firm 
being  known  as  Kartlett  &  Cutting.  The  concern  was 
dissolved  in  September,  1875,  after  having  gained  a 
wide-spread  reputation  for  the  quality  of  its  products. 
During  his  whole  life  Mr.  Cutting  has  been  a  fancier  of 
fine  horses  and  cattle,  and  for  several  years    past   has 

devoted  especial  at- 
tention to  the  breed- 
ing of  fast  steppers 
and  (iuernsey  cattle, 
until  the  Cutting 
farm  has  become 
justly  celebrated 
throughout  the  East- 
ern States.  Colonel 
Cutting  has  many 
other  interests,  how- 
ever, his  stock  inter- 
ests being  simply  the 
outgrowth  of  a  gen- 
tleman's stable.  Al- 
though he  spends 
some  of  his  time  in 
New  York,  Colonel 
Cutting  has  a  deep 
and  abiding  interest 
in  Pittsfiekl  affairs, 
and  has  jilayed  his 
])art  in  the  de\eloi)- 
ment  of  the  bustling 
ISerkshire  city,  being 
identified  with  its 
most  soliil  institu- 
tions. His  residence 
and  grounds  are 
among  the  finest  in 
that  pict  u  r  e  sq  u  e 
municipality.  In  his  earlier  years  he  was  interested  in 
the  George  Y.  Learned  Engine  Company  No.  2,  which 
is  the  "  crack  "  fire  organization  of  Pittsfield.  Colonel 
Cutting  stands  high  in  Masonry,  having  reached  the 
thirty-third  degree,  and  is  also  a  member  of  the  Mystic 
Shrine.  He  was  once  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
the  lieutenant-governorship  of  Massachusetts.  He 
wedded  Miss  M.  C.  Pomeroy,  daughter  of  Robert 
Pomeroy,  of  Pittsfield,  Sept.  30,  1869. 


PITTSFIELD. 


503 


OIIVKR  WKLLS    ROBBINS  is  a  genuine   son  of 
Ilerkshire.     He  was  born  in  Pittsfield,  Aug.  20, 
1 81 2,  and   has  always  lived    there,  his    jiarents   being 
Elijah  and   Thankful  Wells  Robbins.     Young   Robbins, 
after   completing    the    course    of     the    jiublic    schools, 
engaged  in   farming,  which  occupation  had  consumed 
much  of  his  previous  attention,  for  he  was  brought  up 
in  the  stern  school  of  workers,  which  has  ]iroduced  so 
many  successful  men.     It  may  be  truly  said  of  him  that 
he  has  never  known 
an  idle  day  in  all  his 
long  life.      In    1856 
he  started  in  the  re- 
t  a  i  1    shoe    business, 
which  he    continued 
for  ten    years,   until, 
his  health  failing,  he 
was  forced  to  retire. 
Four   years   later, 
having  recovered  his 
bodily  \igor,  he  en- 
gaged in  shoe  nian- 
u  f  ac  t  u  r  i  n  g    with 
fharles  W.  Kellogg, 
the  firm  being  known 
as    Robbins   &   Kel- 
logg, and  being  still 
in    existence.     Mr. 
Robbins  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives in   1880,  and 
was  a  member  of  the 
State   Senate    ten 
years  later.     In  1892 
he  served  the  Dem- 
ocrats  as   candidate 
for    mayor   of    Pitts- 
field.     He  has  always 
taken  a  deep  inter- 
est in  public  affairs,  and  has  rarely  been  known  to  miss  a 
town  meeting  or  caucus,  no  matter  how  small  its  prom- 
ised   import,   and    has    sometimes   been    styled    "  the 
watch-dog  of  the  treasury,"  because   of  his  economical 
views.     Still,  his  prudence  is  anything  but  of  the  mis- 
erlv  tvpe,  and  his  candor  and  fairness  have  always  been 
so  marked  as  to  win  him  friends  among  his   political 
opponents.      A  prominent  newspaper,  independent  in 
its  politics,  once  summed  up  Mr.  Robbins's  characteris- 


OLIVER    W.    ROBBINS 


tics  in  these  words  :  "  He  is  a  good  financier,  a  safe 
counsellor  and  a  man  of  sand."  He  is  familiar  with  all 
the  plodding  hardshijjs  of  life,  which  has  pro\ed  a  valu- 
able experience,  not  only  to  himself  but  to  his  constitu- 
ents. Beginning  the  shoe  manufacturing  business  in  a 
modest  way,  he  has  seen  it  increase  until  the  yearly 
cash  transactions  of  the  concern  have  exceeded  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  firm  of  Robbins  & 
Kellogg  is  doubtless  the  largest  industry  of  its  kind  in 

Western  Massachu- 
setts, occupying  two 
five-story  brick 
buildings,  equi])ped 
with  the  most  i  m- 
proved  machinery 
for  the  manufacture 
of  shoes.  The  com- 
pany has  an  estal)- 
lished  reputation  on 
men's  and  boys'  fine 
and  medium  calf 
goods.  Mr.  R  o  b- 
bins  has  been  inti- 
mately identified 
with  Pittsfield's  real 
estate  interests  and 
the  development  of 
the  shire  town  and 
ritv.  He  is  a  direc- 
tor in  the  stanch 
old  Berkshire  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany and  connected 
with  other  influen- 
tial institutions.  Mr. 
Robbins  wedded 
Miss  Ann  Maria 
Merrill,  Sept.  26, 
1837,  and  they  have 
had  two  sons  and 
two  daughters,  all  of  whom  are  dead  except  the  oldest 
daughter.  Though  somewhat  advanced  in  years,  Mr. 
Robbins  retains  a  large  share  of  his  health  and  mental 
vigor,  and  while  he  has  resigned  the  conduct  of  some 
of  his  business  interests  to  younger  men,  that  he  may 
the  more  enjoy  a  well-earned  competency,  he  is  as 
active  as  ever.  Whatever  life  has  afforded  him  has 
been  found  in  Berkshire,  and  Pittsfield  has  no  more 
loval  son  or  ardent  admirer. 


504 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD  STILLMAN  FRANCIS  was  born  in  Pitts- 
field,  Dec.   20,   1835,  of    one  of  the  oldest  and 
most    influential   families   in    town,    his    parents   being 
James  and  Sarah  C.  Francis.     He  received  his  educa- 
tion in  public  and  private  schools  of  the  place,  one  of 
his  boyhood  associates  being  Marshall  Field,  now  the 
millionnaire  clothier  of  Chicago.     At  a  very  early  age 
young  Francis  became  a  clerk   in  the   Pittsfield  bank, 
just  after    its  establishment.      He  remained   with   this 
bank    three    years, 
constantly  advancing 
in   position    under 
Junius  D.  Adams,  a 
most  competent  and 
successful    cashier. 
Before  attaining  his 
majority  Mr.  Francis 
accepted  the  post  of 
cashier  of  the  Shel- 
burne  Falls  Bank,  at 
Shelburne    Falls, 
Mass.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  Decem- 
ber,   1863,  when  he 
was  recalled    to   the 
Pittsfield    National 
Bank   to  become  its 
cashier,    the    place 
being   made    vacant 
by  the  resignation  of 
Mr.    Adams.      The 
bank    by    this    time 
had  assumed  an  ex- 
ceedingly  important 
position,   its  officers 
being   men  of  un- 
common ability,  and 
many   of  them   vet- 
erans  in   the    com- 
mercial and  financial 

life  of  Berkshire.  Under  Mr.  Francis's  twenty-nine 
years'  administration  the  bank  has  met  with  a  continu- 
ance of  the  uninterrupted  success  that  had  marked  its 
earlier  operations,  the  volume  of  business  having  steadily 
increased,  every  dividend  and  demand  being  promptly 
met,  while  ne\er  has  the  suspicion  of  a  cloud  rested 
u|jon  the  institution.  Its  capital  stock  is  five  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  Mr.  Francis  has  devoted  his  entire 
energies  to  the  bank  management,  and  enjoys  the  full 


EDWARD    S.    FRANCIS 


confidence  of  the  community  in  which  he  moves.  He 
is  a  man  of  scrupulous  integrity,  of  literary  culture  and 
refined  tastes.  His  experience  and  ability  have  called 
him  into  many  positions  of  public  trust.  He  was  one 
of  the  incorporators  of  the  Berkshire  Athenaeum,  hav- 
ing as  colleagues  in  that  beneficent  enterprise  such  men 
as  Hon.  Thomas  Allen,  Rev.  Dr.  John  Todd,  Senator 
Henry  L.  Dawes  and  General  W.  F.  Bartlett,  and  has 
sened  the  institution  as  treasurer  many  years,  beside 

acting  as  auditor  and 
a    member    of    the 
Library    Committee. 
Mr.  Francis  was  ap- 
pointed chairman  of 
the     Funding   Com- 
mittee  of  the  Town 
Debt,    and    was    for 
years    the   sole  trus- 
tee   of   a  very  large 
J)  r  o  p  e  r  t  y  .       Mr. 
Francis     is    passion- 
ately fond  of  music, 
and  has  become  ac- 
complished   in    that 
art.  While  his  talents 
in  this  direction  are 
chiefly  exercised    in 
securing     relaxation 
from    h  i  s     manifold 
responsibilities,  they 
have  not  infrequently 
been  turned   toward 
the    benefit    of    the 
public.  Mr.  Francis's 
handsome  residence 
on   Jubilee    Hill,    so 
called  because  of  the 
famous    Berkshire 
jubilee  held  upon  it, 
occupies  one   of  the 
finest  locations   in  town,  there  being  an  unobstructed 
view  for  many  miles   in  all  directions.     Turning  north 
through  Onota  Street,  there  is  a  lovely  drive,  Greylock 
Mountain  being  directly  in  front.     Mr.  Francis  wedded 
Miss   Eleanor  Tucker.     Of    this   union   there   are    two 
children    living.    Dr.    E.    N.   Francis,   now  residing   in 
Texas,  and  Miss  Nellie  .-\.  Francis,  who  makes  her  home 
with    her  father.     Both    are   fond   of  music,  like   their 
father.  Miss  Francis  being  an  accomplished  pianist. 


PITTSFIEI.D. 


505 


JOHN  CHAPMAN   WEST  was  born  at  Washington, 
Mass.,    March    9,  181 1,  the   second   child,  in  the 
family  of  six  sons  and  one  daughter,  of  Abel  West,  Jr., 
and   Mathilda  Thompson  West.     His  grandfather,  Abel 
West,  came  from  Tolland,  Ct.,  having  borne  his  share 
of  trials  in  Revolutionary  times.     When  Governor  Trum- 
bull called  his  fellow-citizens  together  to  drive  invaders 
from    the    colonies,   the   Wests  were  a  sturdy  race   of 
farmers,  coming  from  England  to  Plymouth,  and  settling 
in  Duxbury  in  1636, 
although   a   few  fol- 
lowed the  sea.     Abel 
West,  Jr.,  moved  from 
Washington  to  Pitts- 
field    in    1 81 6,    and 
then  his  son  John  at- 
tended   school,    and 
later  a  private  acad- 
emy.    On  the  West's 
farm    was     a     brick 
yard,  and  John,  soon 
becoming   an  adept, 
followed    that    trade 
in  summer,  learning 
shoemaking  to  fill  up 
the    winter     months. 
In  1836  he  opened  a 
shoe  store   in    Pitts- 
field,     in      company 
with  I.  and  E.  Peck. 
Three  years  later  he, 
with     Doria     Tracy, 
took  the  old  Bissell 
store,  on  the  public 
square,  and  began  a 
general    business. 
A  few  years  later  he 
bought  out  his  part- 
ner, also   the  build- 
ing and  site,  on  which 

he  erected  West's  Block,  in  1850.  In  1844  his  brother 
Gilbert  joined  him,  and  they  are  still  associated  as  John 
C.  West  &  Brother.  In  1836  Mr.  West  wedded  Clarissa 
J.  Root,  who  died  six  years  later.  They  had  one  son, 
Charles  E.  West,  who  is  living  in  Pittsfield.  Mr.  West 
was  married  in  1844  to  Maria  \..  Goodrich.  Their 
living  children  are  :  John  K.,  of  Detroit  ;  Dr.  Frank  E., 
professor  in  the  Long  Island  Medical  College,  Brooklyn, 
and  Frederick  T.,  of  Chicago.     Mr.  West  was  a  man  of 


JOHN    C.    WEST. 


uncommon  physical  strength,  and  as  captain  of  the 
Berkshire  Greys,  a  militia  company,  gained  special 
prominence  on  training  days.  He  was  the  first  foreman 
of  the  earliest  hand-engine  company,  —  the  Housatonic, 
— and  was  afterwards  chief  engineer.  Mr.  West  assisted 
in  the  formation  of  the  Pittsfield  National  Bank,  and 
was  long  a  director,  rarely  being  absent  from  the  meet- 
ings of  the  board.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Berkshire 
County  Savings  Bank  and  the  Mutual  Fire   Insurance 

Company,  serving  as 
president  of  the  lat- 
ter  nine    years.     As 
director  of  the  Pitts- 
field Cemetery  Cor- 
poration,  his  advice 
has    been   especially 
helpful  in  developing 
a  most  beautiful  bur- 
ial ground,  while  the 
First  Congregational 
Church  has  counted 
him  among  its  most 
valued    supporters. 
For  half  a  century  he 
sang  in  its  choir.    Mr. 
West  has  always  been 
an  enthusiastic  Dem- 
ocrat,    serving     two 
terms  in  the  Legisla- 
ture.     Many     Pitts- 
field streets  were  laid 
out  and  over  a  hun- 
dred    buildings 
erected  by  John  C. 
West  &  Brother.  Mr. 
— -West     was     chosen 
selectman     in    1853 
and   again    in   1856, 
being   thereafter  re- 
elected nineteen  suc- 
cessive times,  always  acting  as  chairman.     He  was  active 
in  securing  the  removal  of  the  county  buildings  to  Pitts- 
field, and  in  obtaining  desirable  sites  for  them.     During 
the  war  he  rendered  great  service  in  forwarding  com- 
panies, and  later  in  erecting  a  fitting  monument  to  its 
fallen    heroes.     Judge  Barker    paid  a  fitting  tribute  to 
Mr.  West  in  his  address  at  the  city  inaugural,  in  i8gi, 
recognizing    the    many    and    valuable    services   he   has 
rendered  to  his  fellow-citizens  of  Pittsfield. 


5o6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


ARTHUR  H.  HALL  was  born  at  Savoy,  Mass.,  Nov. 
9,  1 85 1,  his  parents  being  George  and  Jane  C. 
Hall.     He  received  the  advantages  of  a  tommon-school 
education  in  his  native  town,  after  which  he  entered  the 
store  of  the  Lanesboro'  Iron  Company,  at  Lanesboro', 
Mass.,  as  clerk.     Here  he  remained  from  Jan.  i,  1866, 
to   June    1,    1872,  during    which    time    he    developed 
ability  as  an  accountant.     LTpon  leaving  his  Lanesboro' 
position,  he  became  book-keeper  for  Rice,  Robhins  & 
Co.,     of    Pittsfield, 
which    place    he    re- 
tained  only   a  few 
months,  resigning  to 
accept  a  similar  post 
with    the     firm    of 
Prince  &  Walker,  of 
the  same  town.    Two 
years  later  he  moved 
to    Boston    and    be- 
(■  a  m  e     book-keeper 
for    A.     H.     Miller, 
serving  in  that  capac- 
ity considerably  more 
than  a  year,  when,  an 
opportunity     being 
offered    him    to    re- 
turn to  Pittsfield,  he 
determined     to    ac- 
cept, as  he  was  much 
attached   to   the   big 
Berkshire    town    anil 
closely      identified 
with    its    interests. 
Accordingly,    he    re- 
turned   and    became 
accountant    for    the 
concern  of  Robbins, 
Gammell  &  Co.,  Oct. 
I,   1877.     This   con- 
nection   was  contin- 
ued until  March  i,  1888,  when  he  was  admitted  to  part- 
nership   in    the    firm,    which    has    long  carried    on    an 
extensive    business    in    steam-heating   apparatus,    iron 
piping,    boilers,    engines,    pumps,    sprinklers,    etc.,    on 
West  Street.     Mr.   Hall  still  remains  a  member  of  this 
house,  which  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  successful 
not  only  in  its  line,  but  of  Pittsfield's  varied    concerns. 
Mr.  Hall  is   particularly   well  known  through  his  active 
efforts  in  behalf  of  the  Republican  party,  the  principles 


ARTHUR    H.    HALL 


of  which  he  has  ever  loyally  supported.  He  has  been 
a  member  of  the  Pittsfield  Rejjublican  Committee  con- 
tinuously since  Jan.  i,  1881,  having  served  as  chairman 
since  1883,  still  retaining  the  directorship.  Although 
the  exacting  cares  of  business  make  heavy  demands  upon 
his  time,  he  has  given  the  interests  of  his  party  careful 
supervision,  and  it  is  more  to  his  energy  than  to  that  of 
any  other  one  member  of  the  committee  that  the  excel- 
lent Republican  showing  of  recent  campaigns  has  been 

due.     Fitting  recog- 
nition of  Mr.  Hall's 
work    was    made  a 
year    ago,    when    he 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Republican 
S  t  a  t  e  C  o  m  m  i  1 1  e  e , 
representing    the 
Berkshire  district. 
His  ])rincipal  service 
has  been  as  a  mem- 
ber  of    the    Finance 
Committee,     where 
the  \alue  of  his  work 
has    been    as    much 
appreciated     as     on 
the    city  board,  and 
that  is  saving  much, 
for  Pittsfield  is  noth- 
ing  if    not    political, 
and    many    are    the 
war-horses    of    both 
l)arties  who  have 
done  valiant  service. 
Mr.  Hall  was  married 
to     Miss    Ellen     M. 
Stewart,  of  Pittsfield, 
June    29,    1873,  and 
t  h  e  V      have      two 
daughters,  one  aged 
eighteen,    and    the 
other    eleven.      Mr.    Hall  is  a  good   specimen   of    the 
modern  business  man,   prompt  and  exact  in  dealings, 
who  applies  business  methods  to  everything  he  under- 
takes.    This  is  the  secret  of  his  success.     While  deeply 
engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  Mr.  Hall  has  yet  found 
time  to  mingle  somewhat  in  less  material  matters  which 
deeply  underlie  the  prosperity  of  any  community,  and  is 
counted   among  the    most    progressive    of    Pittsfield's 
citizens. 


PITTSFIELD. 


507 


THE  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  takes  good 
care  of  its  disabled  firemen,  the  State  Legislature 
voting  annually  the  sum  of  ten  thousand  dollars  for 
their  relief.  This  fund  was  secured  largely  through  the 
efforts  of  George  S.  Willis,  of  Pittsfield,  who  for  years 
has  interested  himself  actively  in  behalf  of  the  firemen, 
at  the  same  time  attending  to  the  duties  that  devolve 
upon  him  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Cornelius 
Callahan  Company  of  Boston,  the  largest  firm  in  the 
country  dealing  in 
fire  department  sup- 
plies. Mr.  Willis 
was  born,  July  27, 
1847,  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  the  son  of 
Colonel  George  S. 
\Villis.  His  mother's 
maiden  na  m  e  wa  s 
Louisa  F  a  c  k  a  r  d. 
.Mr.  Willis  is  the 
grandson  of  General 
Nathan  \\'illis,  who 
attained  prominence 
in  the  War  of  181 2, 
and  who  was  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of 
Pittsfield.  He  was 
one  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  town, 
organizing  its  first 
bank  and  being  the 
first  ]iresident  of  the 
Berkshire  Mutual 
Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany. He  was  also 
active  in  the  politi- 
cal life  of  his  day, 
representing  Pitts- 
field for  many  years 
in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture. He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  lieutenant- 
governor  year  after  year  for  a  long  period,  and  would 
have  been  elected  if  he  had  accepted  the  nomination 
the  last  time  it  was  offered  to  him.  His  son.  Colonel 
Willis,  was  at  one  time  high  sheriff  of  Berkshire  County, 
and  at  one  time  or  another  filled  nearly  all  the  county 
offices  within  the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens.  George  S. 
Willis  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Pittsfield 
and  at  St.  Paul's  School,  Concord,  N.  H.     In  his  six- 


GEORGE    S.    WILLIS 


teenth  year  he  left  St.  Paul's  to  enlist  in  the  Eighth 
Massachusetts  Regiment.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
returned  to  Pittsfield,  and  for  ten  years  was  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  tacks  and  nails.  In  1879  he  was 
appointed  chief  engineer  of  the  Pittsfield  Fire  Depart- 
ment, and  served  in  that  capacity  until  18S6.  In  1885  he 
established  the  Cornelius  Callahan  Company  of  Boston, 
and  was  chosen  its  secretary  and  treasurer,  a  position 
which  he  has  held  ever  since.  The  company  manufac- 
tures patent  special- 
ties in  great  variety, 
including  rubber- 
lined  cotton  hose, 
relief  valves,  s  h  u  t- 
off  and  spray  noz- 
zles, flexible  play 
^  pipes,  hydrant  gates, 

^y  hose      couplings, 

\  gongs,    strikers    and 

^_^'  door  openings.     Pre- 

■■■  vious  to    J  a  n  u  a  r  y, 

"*  1893,  Mr.  Willis  had 

been    a   member    of 

1^-.  the  Democratic  State 

^^^^^''\  Central     Committee 

for  thirteen  consec- 
utive years,  having 
been  a  member  at 
large  for  the  last 
seven  or  eight  years, 
and  taking  ui)on  his 
shoulders  the  burden 
of  much  active  po- 
litical work  in  every 
campaign.     LIpon 

his     resignation,    he 

was  the  oldest  mem- 
ber of  the  committee 
in  point  of  service. 
Mr.  Willis  helped  to 
organize  the  Massachusetts  State  Firemen's  Association, 
and  w-as  its  first  president.  He  has  been  a  member  of  its 
legislative  committee  ever  since  its  organization,  and  in 
this  capacity  has  been  enabled  to  accomplish  much  for 
the  benefit  of  the  firemen  of  the  State.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Post  196,  Grand  .Array  of  the  Republic.  Mr. 
\\illis  is  unmarried,  and  lives  at  home  with  his  mother 
in  Pittsfield,  though  his  principal  business  interests  are  in 
Boston. 


-<**^^^^.^<C5 


Ji»--. 


BROCKTON  was  formerly  known  as  the  North  Parish  of  Bridgewater,  and  as  such  was  first  settled,  and  the 
first  houses  were  built  a  few  years  before  the  year  1700.  The  Howards  and  the  Keiths  are  belieyed  to  have 
been  the  earliest  settlers,  but  before  1725  there  were  probably  fifty  owners  of  land  in  the  parish.  It  was  all  very 
primitiye  in  those  days.  Many  houses  were  built  of  logs,  squared,  and  with  the  cracks  between  filled  with  moss 
and  clay.  But  within  a  few  years  there  was  a  noticeable  improyement.  Saw-mills  and  brick-kilns  gave  opportunity 
for  decent  houses  to  replace  the  log  huts  of  the  early  settlers,  and  occasional  improvements  were  noted  in  the 
manner  of  living  generally. 

From  that  time  on,  the  life  of  a  citizen  of  the  North  Parish  of  Bridgewater  was  no  different  from  the  life  of 
the  other  dwellers  in  small  places  elsewhere.  He  had  the  same  difficulties  to  contend  with  that  were  common  in 
those  days,  and  he  surmounted  them  with  the  courage  and  persistence  which  were  every-day  virtues  in  those 
times.  The  citizens  made  their  first  important  move  on  May  31,  173S,  when  fifty-five  householders  put  in  a  peti- 
tion to  the  General  Court,  and  asked  that  the  parish  be  set  off  as  the  North  Parish  of  Bridgewater.  The  poixilation 
at  that  time  was,  perhaps,  300.  After  the  General  Court  had  granted  the  jietitioners'  prayer,  things  moved  on 
quietly  with  the  North  Parish.  The  population  increased  but  slowly,  and  in  1764  there  were  but  120  houses  in 
the  place,  and  a  population  of  833.  In  1810  there  were  1,354  dwellers  in  the  place;  in  1820,  only  1,480.  In 
1821  the  parish  became  the  town  of  North  Bridgewater.  Up  to  1850,  twenty-nine  years  after  the  parish  became 
a  town,  the  population  had  only  reached  3,939. 

From  1830  to  1840  the  town  first  began  to  take  on  a  measure  of  business  ])rosperity.  The  manufacture  of 
boots  and  a  few  shoes  was  begun,  and  it  is  told  how  Micah  Faxon  first  took  the  manufactured  product  over  the 
road  to  Boston  on  horseback.  A  few  small  manufactories  had  started  in  the  western  part  of  the  town,  and 
more  down  town.  Population  and  factories  began  to  increase,  however.  In  i860  there  were  6,584  jieople  in 
town  :  in  1870,  a  little  over  8,000  ;  in  1880  it  had  13,608,  and  in  1890  it  showed  27,272,  an  increase  of  over  one 
hundred  per  cent,  and  the  most  marvellous  of  any  city  in  Massachusetts.  It  has  long  since  shaken  off  the  name 
and  the  fetters  that  bound  it  to  Bridgewater,  and  has  prospered  since  1874  as  the  town  and  city  of  Brockton.  It 
adopted  the  city  form  of  government  in  1881. 

Brockton  has  grown  on  leather.  It  is  now  the  greatest  producer  of  men's  fine  and  medium  grades  of  shoes 
of  any  city  in  the  world.  Women's  shoes  are  not  made  at  all,  and  men's  cheap  shoes  are  made  to  but  a  limited 
extent.  Shoes  were  made  here  in  181 1,  but  they  were  few.  In  1837  the  yearly  output  was  but  100,000  pairs  ;  in 
1855  it  was  762,000  pairs.  Then  the  production  grew  rapidly.  In  1889  it  had  reached  a  yearly  valuation  of 
S18, 000,000.  In  1892  the  shipment  of  shoes  from  this  city  was  428,241  cases,  a  gain  of  166,584  cases  over  the 
shipments  of  ten  years  ago.  The  average  number  of  [lairs  of  shoes  to  a  case  is  figured  at  twenty-one  pairs,  so  it 
is  seen  that  Brockton  in  1892  sent  out  about  9,000,000  pairs  of  men's  shoes,  a  marvellous  total,  indeed.  There 
are  over  70  shoe  manufactories  in  the  city,  employing  over  8,000  hands. 

The  present  population,  at  a  conservative  estimate,  is  30,000,  though  the  State  Board  of  Health  places  it 
at  32,000.  The  valuation  is  $19,000,000.  There  are  4,593  dwellings  in  the  city,  of  which  232  were  erected 
within  the  year  1892.  The  new  buildings  incUule  a  §250,000  City  Hall  that  is  well  under  way,  a  new  brick  police 
station,  and  se\eral  handsome  residences  that  would  ornament  any  city.  New  blocks  and  new  residences  are  in 
contemplation,  and  improvements  are  the  order  of  the  day  everywhere.  The  greatest  that  is  now  in  view  is  a 
system  of  sewerage  for  the  city. 

The  city  is  well  built  and  business-like  in  a])pearance,  with  a  large  number  of  brick  business  blocks,  gas 
and  electric  lights,  a  fine  system  of  electric  street  car  lines  running  through  the  city  out  into  the  suburbs,  a  school 
system  which  this  year  will  cost  over  $88, 000,  a  good  water  system,  and  a  good  fire  dejjartment  and  efficient 
police  force.     There  is  not  a  liquor  saloon  in  the  city,  and  there  has  not  been  for  over  five  years. 


BROCKTON. 


509 


ZIBA  C.  KEITH,  the  mayor  of  the  city  of  Brockton, 
was    born   there  in  1842,    when  it  was  the  town 
of  North   Bridgewater.     He  obtained  his  education  in 
the  schools  there  and  at  the  Pierce  Academy  at  Middle- 
boro',  and   after  graduating  became   book-keeper  and 
salesman   for   a   business    firm.      In     1864    Mr.   Keith 
opened  a  store  at  Campello,  in  company  with  Embert 
Howard.     It  was  a  general  store,  in  which  everything 
was  kept,  from  groceries  to  silks.     The  store  was  kept 
up  by  Mr.  Keith  un- 
der  various    firm 
styles     until      1883, 
when  he  sold  out  the 
business.     Mr.  Keith 
can   assuredly  justly 
claim    that    he    is    a 
"favorite  son"  of 
Brockton.      In  1875 
he  was  sent  to  repre- 
sent the  city  in  the 
Legislature,  where 
h  e    remained    t  w  o 
years.      In   1879    he 
was  chosen    as    a 
member    of     the 
Board  of  Selectmen. 
In    1 88 1    he   was   a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mittee   on    Drafting 
the    City  Charter. 
When  the   town  be- 
came a  city  he  was 
chosen    as    its    first 
mayor.      He  was 
chosen  again,  after  a 
year    of    retirement, 
in    1884    and    1885. 
Again   in    i8gi   and 
1892    the     Republi- 
cans called  upon  him 

to  lead  them,  and  he  was  triumphantly  elected.  He 
is  at  present  serving  his  sixth  term  as  mayor  of  the  city. 
Even  when  he  was  not  acting  as  mayor  of  the  city  he 
was  serving  it  in  other  capacities.  He  represented  the 
district  in  the  State  Senate  in  18S7  and  1888;  and  was 
the  city's  tax  collector  in  1887,  1888  and  1889.  He 
was  an  incorporator  of  the  Campello  Co-operative  Bank, 
the  Brockton  Savings  Bank  and  the  Brockton  National 
Bank,  and  has  held  ofifice  in  each  corporation.     He  is 


ZIBA    C.    KEITH. 


president  of  the  Plymouth  County  Safe  Deposit  and 
Trust  Company,  and  was  chosen  at  the  election  in  the 
fall  of  1892  a  member  of  the  governor's  council. 
There  is  no  more  genial  and  approachable  man  in  the 
city  of  Brockton  to-day  than  Mayor  Keith.  While  his 
politics  are,  of  course,  not  popular  with  one  section  of 
the  community,  his  personal  enemies  are  very  few  and 
of  no  importance.  He  has  been  a  figure  of  public 
importance   practically   for   seventeen   years.     He    has 

been  an  able  legisla- 
tor. His  repeated 
elections  to  the  office 
of  mayor  of  the  city 
show  that  he  is  re- 
garded as  an  able 
and  thoroughly  in- 
corruptible occu[)ant 
of  the  mayor's  chair. 
_  ^^^  Wherever    he    has 

■^^   i  ^  been  placed,  he  has 

served  to  the  satis- 
faction of  the  great 
mass  of  citizens,  and 
therefore  with  honor 
to  himself.  Mayor 
Keith  is  a  very  good 
musician  and  a  gen- 
tleman of  good  taste 
and  a  nice  apprecia- 
tion of  life,  as  is 
evinced  in  his 
speeches  upon  all 
sorts  of  topics  and 
on  all  sorts  of  occa- 
sions. They  are  al- 
ways well  written  and 
befitting  the  time  and 
place.  No  small 
share  of  the  city's 
prosperity  is  due  to 
the  able  and  most  energetic  part  which  Mayor  Keith 
has  always  taken  in  municipal  affairs.  He  is,  in  fact,  as 
thoroughly  identified  with  Brockton  as  any  other  man. 
The  citizens  of  Brockton  deem  themselves  exceptionally 
fortunate  in  possessing  in  Mr.  Keith  a  mayor  who  adds 
to  a  wide  knowledge  of  men  and  affairs  a  pleasing  and 
courteous  personality  which  has  endeared  him  to  his 
fellow-townsmen.  His  acquaintance  with  public  affairs 
is  supplemented  with  a  ripe  culture. 


Sio 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN    J.   WHIPPLE    is  among  the  best-known  and 
most  inll\iential  and  successful  men  in  Massachu- 
setts.    In  business,  political  and  society  circles  he  is  a 
power,  and  numbers  his  personal  friends  by  the  legion. 
He  is  [(resident  of  the  Wildey  Savings  Bank  of  Boston. 
He  was  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  Dec.  31,  1847.     After 
attending  the  jniblic  schools  of  Hopkinton  and  Milford, 
he  went  to  Marlboro'  and  learned  the  drug  business,  and 
in  1886  started  in  business  for  himself  in  North  Bridge- 
water  (which  has 
since  become  the  city 
of  Brockton),  and  for 
a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury he  conducted  a 
successful  business  as 
a  druggist.     In  1876 
he  was  elected  to  the 
School     Committee, 
serving  on  that  board 
for  nine   years,  and, 
while    still   a   school 
committeeman,    was 
elected  on  the  Board 
of  Selectmen  and  to 
a  number  of  impor- 
tant     town     offices. 
After    the   town   be- 
came incorporated  as 
a  city,  Colonel  Whip- 
ple  was    elected    to 
the  Board  of  Alder- 
men.    In     1885    he 
was  sent  as  a  repre- 
sentative to  the  State 
Legislature,  and  dur- 
ing the  years  1886- 
87  was  mayor  of  the 
city.     He  was  secre- 
tary of  the  Republi- 
can     State     Central 

Committee  in  1884-85,  doing  efficient  work  during  the 
memorable  Blaine  campaign,  while  Henry  Cabot  Lodge 
was  chairman  of  the  committee.  Governor  Rol)inson 
appointed  Mr.  Whipi)le  his  j.iersonal  aid  on  his  staff, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  he  served  as  such  in 
1883,  1884,  1885.  Governor  Ames  ap])ointed  him  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Pharmacy  for 
a  term  of  three  years,  and  at  the  expiration  of  that  term 
he  was  tendered  a  re-appointment  by  Governor  Russell, 


JOHN   J.   WHIPPLE. 


which  was  declined.  Colonel  Whipple  was  the  princi- 
pal mo\er  in  establishing  the  first  savings  bank  in 
Brockton,  and  was  made  the  first  president  of  the 
institution.  Through  his  influence  the  present  commo- 
dious bank  building  was  erected.  He  was  president  for 
ten  years,  and  in  1892  resigned  the  iwsition  to  accept 
the  presidency  of  the  Wildey  Savings  Bank.  He  built 
up  the  Brockton  Savings  Bank  to  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful in   the  State,   and   when   he  left  it   there   were 

deposits  in  it  amount- 
ing to  over  $1,500- 
000.     He   is  one  of 
the  proprietors  of  the 
Brockton  City  Thea- 
tre, one  of  the  hand- 
somest    outside     of 
Boston.     He  was  one 
of  a  company  of  four 
that  introduced  elec- 
tric lights  in  the  city. 
He  was  chairman  of 
the   Board   of   \Vage 
Arbitration,  the  first 
board  of  its  kind  in 
the     State.      He     is 
]jresident  of  the  New 
England    Club,    one 
of   the    largest  clubs 
in  Boston.     In  secret 
societies  Colonel 
Whipple    has   a   na- 
tional reputation.    In 
Odd  Fellowship  he  is 
past  grand  patriarch 
and  a  representative 
to   the   sovereign 
grand  lodge.     He 
was  a  member  of  the 
Board     of     Trustees 
that   built    the    new 
Odd  Fellows'  Home  at  Worcester.     In  Masonry  he  is 
a  Knight  Templar.     He  was  one  of  the  founilers  of  the 
New  England  Order  of  Protection,  and  is  now  serving 
his   third   term   as  supreme  warden.     In    1892  he  was 
grand    jirelate    in    the   grand   lodge   of    the    Knights   of 
Pythias,  and  has  just  been  elected  grand  vice-chancellor. 
He  is  president  of  the  Odd  Fellows'  Accident  Company 
and  is  interested  in  many  benevolent  and  financial  enter- 
prises in  the  State. 


BROCKTON. 


5" 


THK  Keiths  of  Camiiello,  the  southern  section  of  the 
city  of  Brockton,  have  ever  been  important 
factors  in  the  business  and  social  life  of  the  town  of 
North  Bridgewater  and  the  city  of  Brockton,  which  fol- 
lowed it.  One  of  the  best-known  and  most  successful 
has  been  George  Eldon  Keith,  who  is  probal)ly  to-day 
the  largest  manufacturer  of  shoes  in  the  city  of  Brock- 
ton, and  that  is  saying  a  good  deal.  George  Eldon  Keith 
is  the  son  of  Franklin  and  Betsy  Keith,  and  was  born 
Feb.  8,  1850.  He  ob- 
tained a  good  edu- 
cation, and  was  a 
member  of  the  first 
class  that  graduated 
from  the  Brockton 
High  School.  In 
many  of  the  hours 
when  school  was  not 
in  session,  he  worked 
at  the  bench,  and 
after  graduating  con- 
tinuetl  at  the  work 
as  a  jjractical  shoe- 
maker till  July  7, 
1874,  when  he  began 
the  manufacture  of 
shoes  in  company 
w  i  t  h  W  i  1 1  i  a  m  S. 
Green.  In  1880  he 
sold  out  his  interest 
to  Mr.  Green,  and 
built  a  large  factory 
(in  Perkins  Avenue 
for  his  own  occu- 
Ijancy.  Success  was 
his  from  the  start, 
and  a  phenomenal 
success  at  that.  It 
was  not  long  before 
he   had    the    biggest 

factory  in  Brockton,  did  the  biggest  business,  and  em- 
ployed the  largest  number  of  hands,  making  a  good  and 
stylish  line  of  footwear.  This  supremacy  it  is  believed 
that  Mr.  Keith  still  retains.  A  glance  at  Mr.  Keith's 
business  offers  some  idea  of  its  magnitude.  At  present 
between  six  hundred  and  seven  hundred  hands  are  em- 
ployed, and  the  shipments  aggregate  three  quarters  of  a 
million  pairs  of  shoes  a  year.  Within  a  comparatively 
short  time  Mr.  Keith  has  adopted  the  idea  of  catering 


GEORGE    E.    KEITH 


to  the  retail  trade  exclusively,  his  products  being  favor- 
ablv  known  to  dealers  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
and  from  Maine  to  Texas.  In  addition  to  the  respon- 
sibilities of  his  business,  he  finds  time  to  do  his  share 
as  a  director  of  the  Third  National  Bank  of  Boston,  one 
of  the  largest  banking  institutions  of  that  city,  and  as 
director  of  the  Brockton  National  and  Brockton  Savings 
banks.  He  is  also  treasurer  of  the  Howland  Falls  Pulp 
Company,  of  Howland,  Me.,  this  being  one  of  the  largest 

institutions  of  the 
kind  in  the  country. 
The  mill  alone  cost 
§300,000.  Mr.  Keith 
is  w  i  d  e  1  y  popular. 
He  made  the  inter- 
ests of  the  people 
who  worked  for  him 
his  interests.  He  is 
active  in  religious 
matters,  and  has  ad- 
vanced in  every  way 
the  interests  of  the 
South  Congrega- 
tional Church,  of 
which  he  is  a  mem- 
V  ber.     He    was   the 

A.  first  president  of  the 

V.M.C.  A.  in  Brock- 
ton, and  labored  ar- 
dently to  promote 
its  cause  in  every 
possible  way,  so  that 
its  success  is  largely 
attributable  to  his 
efforts.  Hehasgen- 
orally  kept  out  of 
politics.  The  Re- 
publicans wished  to 
make  him  their 
standard-bearer  i  n 
the  mayoralty  contest  two  years  ago,  but  he  declined  to 
allow  the  use  of  his  name.  He  was  the  alderman  from 
Ward  Four  the  first  year  that  Brockton  was  a  city,  and 
that  is  the  extent  of  his  political  service.  Personally, 
Mr.  Keith  is  of  bright  and  pleasant  temperament,  a 
good  fellow  socially,  and  without  the  angles  and  rough 
edges  of  many  self-made  men.  In  connection  with  his 
factory  he  has  established  a  good  restaurant,  the  [jrofits 
of  which  are  shared  by  the  employees. 


512 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


IT  is  a  question  with  many  people,  whether  Mr.  Har\  ey 
F.  Crawford  has  made  the  "  Crawford  shoe  "  what  it 
is  to-day,  or  whether  the  "  Crawford  shoe  "  has  made 
Mr.  Crawford.     A  brief  review  of  his  Iwsiness  life,  as 
herewith  given,  will  settle  this  doubt  lieyond  question, 
proving  conclusively,  as  it  does,  that  Mr.  Crawford  has 
not  only  niatle  the  "  Crawford  shoe,"  but  himself  also. 
Like  so  many   other   successful  men  of  affairs  in  this 
Commonwealth,  Mr.  Crawford  is  a  native  of  the  State  of 
Maine.      His   first 
venture   in  the  shoe 
industry    was    made 
in    1879,  when   with 
Mr.   Holman    Gould 
as   a  partner  he  be- 
gan manufacturing  in 
the    Horace    Keith 
Building  in  Brockton. 
That  was  about  thir- 
teen  years  ago,  and 
on  the  smallest  foun- 
dation  he   has   built 
up  since  then  one  of 
the    great    industries 
of    this   State.     The 
total    capital   of   the 
firm  at  the  start  was 
fifty  dollars.     At  the 
expiration    of    four 
months     Mr.     Craw- 
ford bought  his  part- 
ner's interest,  entire, 
for   twenty-four   dol- 
lars.     This    original 
bill  of  sale  Mr.  Craw- 
ford still  keeps  among 
his    treasures.      His 
next  venture    was 
with      Mr.     K.      J. 
Fletcher,    and    after 

a  few  months,  during  which  time  the  firm  met  with 
indifferent  success,  he  again  purchased  his  jiartner's 
share.  Still  later  we  find  him  in  company  with  Mr. 
Charles  A.  Eaton,  who  was  later  of  Eaton  &  Terry  and 
is  now  in  business  alone.  This  firm  was  located  on 
Montello  Street,  Brockton,  and  was  burned  out.  Busi- 
ness was  then  recommenced  in  the  Shaw  Building. 
After  two  years'  affiliation  with  Mr.  Eaton,  the  latter 
disposed  of  his  interest  to  Mr.  Crawford,  who  continued 


the  business  alone  until  the  failure  of  F.  Shaw  &  Broth- 
ers of  Boston.  This  swept  Mr.  Crawford,  with  others, 
into  insolvency.  Nothing  daunted  by  reverses,  he  again 
began  at  the  bottom  of  the  ladder.  It  was  about  this 
time  that  he  invented  the  French  welt,  which  gave  the 
cheaper  grade  of  shoes  a  smooth  inner  sole,  a  result  which 
up  to  that  time  had  never  been  obtained.  This  immedi- 
ately proved  a  success  and  brought  Mr.  Crawford  a  hand- 
some return.     In  1887  the  present  partnership  with  Mr. 

George  F.  Bouve,  at 
that  time  a  promi- 
nent leather  dealer 
in  Boston,  was 
effected.  Recog- 
nizing the  inequality 
of  the  struggle  be- 
tween the  smaller 
manufacturers  of 
shoes  and  the  large 
concerns,  and 
shrewdly  surmising 
that  a  manufacturer 
should  get  as  near  to 
the  consumer  as  pos- 
sible, thus  saving  one 
profit,  at  least,  Mr. 
Crawford  conceived 
the  idea  of  establish- 
ing retail  stores  in 
the  principal  cities 
throughout  the  coun- 
try. Many  of  his 
/friends  tried  to  dis- 
I  suade  him  from  what 

they  deemed  certain 
failure,  but  with  con- 
fidence in  his  scheme 
he  proceeded  to  put 
it  to  the  test.  Its 
success  was  instanta- 
neous, and  it  has  been  widely  copied  by  other  manufac- 
turers. At  the  present  time  two  large  factories  are 
required  to  produce  the  shoes  sold  by  Crawford,  Bouve 
&  Co.,  and  the  firm's  success  is  known  throughout  the 
land.  Personally,  Mr.  Crawford  is  pleasant  to  meet  and 
respected  by  all  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact.  He 
will  soon  occupy  a  beautiful  new  home  in  Brockton, 
which  stands  as  a  monument  to  his  jjerseverance  and 
pluck. 


HARVEY    F.    CRAWFORD. 


BROCKTON. 


513 


WHEN    vou    speak  of  the  most  \aluable  men  in 
a  community,  the  "  self-made  "  men  who  have 
attained  success  may,  with  ]iropriety,  be  placed  in  the 
front  rank.     No  better  exam])le  of  the  self-made  man 
can  be  found  in  Brockton  to-day  than  is  visible  in  the 
])erson  of   the    Honorable    William    1..    Douglas.     The 
name  of  Douglas  is  a  household  word  throtighout  the 
United  States,  and  his  picture,  representing  a  keen  busi- 
ness-like citizen,  still  young,  with  far-seeing  eyes  and  a 
general  look  of  vigor 
and  enterprise,  is  to 
be   found    in    nearly 
e\ery    important 
newspaper    in     the 
land.     For  he  is  the 
man  who  makes  the 
great    "S3    sh  o  e." 
Mr.    Douglas   was 
born    in     Plymouth, 
.\ug.  22,   1845.     His 
father    died    while 
William  was  a  child, 
and  at    the    age    of 
seven  he  was  bound 
out  to    his   uncle  to 
learn    the    shoemak- 
er's trade.     He  was 
an  apprentice  till  he 
was  sixteen  years  old 
and  at  that  age  could 
turn  out  a  complete 
pair  of  brogans  un- 
aided.    In    1870   he 
went  to  Brockton  to 
act   as    superintend- 
ent   of    Porter   & 
Southworth's  factory, 
and  in  1876,  on  S875 
capital,  he  began  to 
manufacture     i  n     a 

single  room.  In  a  year  or  two  he  was  in  a  well-equipped 
factory  on  Spring  Street,  and  in  1882  he  put  up  a  fac- 
tory four  stories  high,  two  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
feet  long  and  with  a  capacity  of  one  thousand  four  hun- 
dred and  forty  pairs  of  shoes  daily.  In  1888  and  i88g 
additions  were  made  to  the  factorv.  isxen  then  the  con- 
stantlv  growing  business  was  too  great  for  the  big  shop, 
although  seventy  cases,  the  full  capacity  of  the  sho]), 
were  turneii  out  dailv  during  1892.     In   the  autumn  of 


WILLIAM    L.    DOUGLAS, 


1892,  the  W.  L.  Douglas  Shoe  Company,  which  had 
been  incorporated  in  March  of  that  year,  moved  into  a 
new  and  fine  factory  which,  had  been  erected  at  Mon- 
tello  in  the  northern  part  of  the  city.  The  building  is 
three  hundred  feet  long,  forty  feet  wide,  four  stories 
high,  and  with  a  capacity  of  three  thousand  si.\  hun- 
dred pairs  daily.  The  amount  of  the  sales  this  year  will 
aggregate  81,500,000,  and  the  advertising  contract 
calls  for  the  expenditures  by  the  company  of  §150,000 

in    the    same    time. 
There     are     twenty- 
four    salesmen    out 
canvassing  for  orders 
all   over   the  Union. 
The    S3    shoe  idea 
was  the  scheme  that 
gave    Mr.    Douglas 
his  greatest  success. 
In    a   few    years   he 
built  up  a  trade  on 
that  shoe  that  taxed 
his    factory's   capa- 
city.    He    gave    up 
the     jobbing    trade, 
sent    out    his    own 
d  r  u  m  m  e  r  s,    spent 
Si 00,000  in  a  single 
year  for  advertising, 
and    sold    his    shoes 
and    is    still    selling 
them     everywhere. 
Mr.    Douglas   was    a 
member    o  f    Brock- 
ton's Common  Coun- 
cil in  1882  and  1883; 
was  a  representative 
10  the  General  Court 
in    1883   and    1884; 
sat  in  the  State  Sen- 
ate   in    1886,    being 
the  first  Democrat  elected  from  his  district  in  a  long  term 
of  years  ;  and  was  mayor  of  Brockton  in  1890.     He  is  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Universalist  church.     While 
acting  as  mavor  Mr.  Douglas  started  a  movement   for 
the  adoption  of  a  svstem  of  sewerage  for  Brockton,  but 
was  unable  to  push  the  matter  to  success,  owing  to  the 
unpopularitv  of  a  sewerage  commission,  but   it  has  now 
been  adopted  and  is  being  carrieil  on  practically  accord- 
ing to  his  plans, 


514 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


PRESTON    BOND    KEITH   is  one   of  the  leading 
citizens  of   that  portion  of   Brockton   known  as 
Campello.     Campello  has  produced  so  many  successful 
business  men  that  she  has  grown  tired  of  boasting  about 
it.     One  of  the  ablest  is  the  gentleman  who  is  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch.     The  extraordinary  success  of  his 
business   career   is   due    more    to  his  own  ability  and 
industry  than  to  any  fortunate  external  circumstances. 
Mr.  Keith  is  a  direct  descendant  of  the   Keiths  who 
figure  so  prominently 
in  the  history  of  the 
city  of  Brockton,  and 
particularly  of  its 
southern    section. 
He    is   the    son    of 
Charles  P.  and  Mary 
K.    Keith,    and    was 
born    in   Campello, 
Oct.   i8,   1847.     His 
early   education   was 
obtained    in    the 
schools  of  Brockton. 
W  hen    he    reached 
the   age  of  eighteen 
years  he  started  out 
in  the  business  world 
and  went  to  Boston, 
where    he    entered 
the  ofifice  of  Martin 
L.  Keith's  shoe  fac- 
tory.    He   remained 
in    this     office     five 
years,  and  there  ob- 
tained a  good  knowl- 
edge of  the  business, 
in    which    he    was 
eventually    to    he    a 
decided  success,  and 
which    was   to  make 
his  fortune.     In  1S7  i 

Mr.  Keith  decided  that  the  time  had  arrived  for  him  to 
start  in  for  himself.  He  accordingly  began  business  on 
his  own  account  at  Campello.  The  business  increased 
so  rapidly  in  volume  that  in  July,  1878,  Mr.  Keith 
erected  what  was  then  the  largest  shoe  factory  in  the 
jjlace.  His  ambition  was  not  satisfied  even  then.  The 
business  continued  to  grow,  and  at  the  present  time  the 
factory  in  size  and  capacity  is  nearly  double  what  it  was 
in  1878.     This  remarkable  growth  is  paralleled  by  that 


of  but  few  industries  in  the  Commonwealth,  and  attests 
the  capacity  with  which  Mr.  Keith  has  managed  his 
business  affairs.  The  shoes  made  by  P.  B.  Keith  are 
sold  throughout  the  land.  The  sale  is  steady,  and  a 
chance  to  work  at  the  factory  is  well  regarded  by  the 
shoe  operatives,  for  the  reason  that  the  factory  has  few 
idle  weeks  in  the  year.  On  account  of  the  pleasant 
nature  of  his  relations  with  his  employees,  Mr.  Keith  is 
one   of  the  most   popular   manufacturers   in   Brockton. 

Labor  troubles  at  his 
shop    have    been   of 
rare     occurrence. 
Mr.  Keith  has  been 
for    years   a    promi- 
nent   figure    in    the 
social,  religious   and 
business   life   of    the 
place.     He  is  a  lead- 
ing  member   of   the 
South      Congrega- 
tional   Church,    and 
is   also   superintend- 
ent  of   the    Sunday- 
school    connected 
with    that    church. 
Since  its  organization 
Mr.  Keith  has  been 
prominently     identi- 
fied with   the  Home 
National    Bank.      In 
every    m  o  \'  e  m  e  n  t 
that  has  for  its  object 
the  promotion  of  the 
material   interests  of 
Brockton,  Mr.  Keith 
is  always  one  of  the 
leaders.     Mr.    Keith 
is  not   a  politician ; 
he    is   too    busy   for 
that.     In    1883    and 
1884,   however,  he  reluctantly  consented   to   represent 
Ward  Three  on  the  Brockton  Board  of  Aldermen,  where 
his    business    abilities   made    him    a   \alued    member. 
Since  then  public  office  has  frequently  been  urged  upon 
him,  but  the  demands  of  his  large  and  increasing  busi- 
ness have  always  prevented  his  acceptance.     Like  other 
manufacturers  who  are  alive  to  the  importance  of  their 
business,  Mr.  Keith  has  utilized  every  device  which  has 
tended  to  place  his  industry  on  a  higher^plane. 


PRESTON    B.    KEITH. 


"^^Vo^^^;^,  .l.^'!!?^--^'^ 


NP:WT0N  has  well  been  termed  the  "Garden  City,"  as  it  is  located  in  one  of  the  most  delightful  sections  of 
the  Commonwealth,  and  is  the  home  of  some  of  the  wealthiest  men  in  the  State.  The  natural  beauty  of 
the  place  is  enhanced  by  large  streets  and  avenues,  well  laid  out,  and  lined  on  each  side  by  some  of  the  hand- 
somest residendfes,  taken  collectively,  that  there  are  in  the  United  States.  The  original  territory  of  Newton  has 
been  curtailed  by  ceding  certain  portions  to  Brookline,  Waltham  and  Watertown,  and  yet  the  following  names  are 
applied  to  different  sections  of  the  city  :  Newtonville,  West  Newton,  Aiiburndale,  Riverside,  Chestnut  Hill,  New- 
ton Centre,  Highlands,  Waban,  Eliot,  Woodland  and  Nonantum.  Originally,  Newton  was  a  part  of  Cambridge, 
but  was  released  from  ecclesiastical  dependence  on  Cambridge  and  obligation  to  share  in  the  expenses  of  religious 
worship  in  1661  ;  became  a  precinct  in  1673  ;  received  the  name  of  Newton  in  December,  1691  ;  was  incorporated 
as  a  town  on  Jan.  11,  1687-88,  old  style,  or  Jan.  11,  1688,  according  to  the  present  style  of  reckoning ;  and  became 
a  city  with  the  beginning  of  the  year  1874. 

Although  better  known  as  the  bed-room  of  Boston  business,  yet  there  are  many  small  manufactories  in  the 
city.  In  Newton  Lower  Falls,  paper  making  has  been  the  chief  industry  for  the  last  half  century.  The  first  Four- 
drinier  press  in  use  in  the  United  States  was  placed  here.  Such  well-known  men  as  the  Curtises,  Crehores  and 
Rices,  prominently  identified  with  the  paper  business  in  the  New  England  States,  have  been  interested  in  the  paper 
mills  in  this  section  of  the  city.  The  Crehore  mill  is  still  in  operation.  An  attempt  was  made  here  more  than  a 
century  ago  to  establish  a  silk  manufactory,  but  it  was  a  failure,  although  at  the  present  time  there  is  a  factory  that 
spins  silk  yarns,  emljroidery  silk,  etc.,  for  which  the  raw  material  is  imported.  The  woollen  mills  give  employment 
to  three  hundred  and  fifty  laborers,  and  produce  six  hundred  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  manufactured  material 
annually.  There  is  also  a  cordage  factory  in  the  place,  and  there  are  five  houses  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
furniture,  and  thirty  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing. 

In  educational  matters  Newton  always  has  been  and  is  to-day  in  the  front  ranks.  In  the  early  days  the 
State  Normal  School,  now  at  Framingham,  was  located  here,  and  there  has  always  been  a  great  number  of  private 
schools  in  the  place,  so  much  so  that  at  one  time,  in  the  early  history  of  the  city,  they  threatened  to  materially 
interfere  with  the  success  of  the  public  schools,  but  this  possibility  happily  came  to  naught.  At  the  present  time 
there  are  one  high  school  in  the  place,  forty-eight  grammar  schools,  thirty-eight  primary  schools,  one  mixed  school, 
making  a  total  of  eighty  schools,  with  twenty-two  school  buildings,  having  a  value  with  their  furnishings  of 
$581,600.  The  two  most  noted  of  the  private  institutions  are  the  Newton  Theological  Institute  and  Lasell  Semi- 
nary. The  former  was  established  in  1825,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  is  located  in 
Newton  Centre.  At  the  close  of  half  a  century  the  whole  number  of  students  that  had  availed  themselves  of  the 
benefits  to  be  derived  at  the  institution  were  six  hundred  and  ninety-nine.  Of  these  fifty-five  have  been  presidents 
or  professors  of  colleges,  and  fifty-four  had  served  as  missionaries.  Since  then  the  matitution  has  maintained  its 
high  reputation  and  has  graduated  many  noted  men.  Lasell  Seminary  was  established  in  1851  by  Edward  Lasell, 
who  sold  it  on  account  of  failing  health,  to  a  party  of  ten  Boston  men,  who  placed  Charles  C.  Bragdon  in  charge  of  it. 
Since  then,  on  account  of  the  practical  features  that  have  been  introduced,  this  seminary  has  become  noted  all 
over  the  United  States  and  also  in  Europe.  Other  private  institutions  of  learning  include  the  West  Newton 
English  and  Classical  School,  Miss  Spear's  English  and  Classical  School,  Riverside  Home  and  Day  School,  and 
Mr.  E.  H.  Cutler's  Preparatory  School  for  Boys  and  Girls.  There  are  thirty-seven  churches  in  the  city.  The 
people  in  the  city  have  always  been  noted  for  their  charitable  acts,  and  the  charitable  institutions  are  the  Home 
for  Orphan  and  Destitute  Girls,  Pine  Farm  School  for  Boys,  the  Home  for  Children  of  Missionaries,  the  Wesleyan 
Home  for  the  Orjihan  Children  of  Missionaries,  the  Missionary  Home  and  the  Newton  Cottage  Hospital. 

Club  and  social  life  flourishes  in  a  surprising  manner,  the  two  most  important  social  organizations  being  the 
Newton  Club,  which  has  just  dedicated  a  new  club-house,  and  the  Newton  Boat  Club,  which  has  a  splendid  house 
on  the  banks  of  the  Charles,  at  Riverside. 


5i6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN  A.  FENNO,  mayor  of  Newton,  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Revere  in  1849,  and  is  a  good 
representati\e  of  the  active  yet  conservative  and  suc- 
cessful young  business  man  of  the  period  who  has  made 
his  way  to  the  front  by  his  own  unaided  efforts.  He 
went  to  the  jjublic  schools  of  Revere  and  finished  his 
education  in  the  Chelsea  High  School.  After  graduating 
from  the  high  school,  he  went  to  work  with  a  mercantile 
firm  and  left  that  position  in  1875  when  the  Boston, 
Revere  Beach  & 
I.ynn  Railroad  was 
organized,  in  order  to 
take  a  clerkship  with 
the  new  corporation. 
He  continued  to  act 
as  clerk  in  the  treas- 
urer's office  until 
1878,  when  he  was 
offered  the  position 
of  general  ticket 
agent,  which  he  ac- 
cepted. In  1880  he 
was  elected  to  the 
office  of  treasurer  of 
the  corporation,  and 
he  now  holds  both 
the  office  of  general 
ticket  agent  and 
treasurer.  He  is  also 
a  director  in  several 
other  business  con- 
cerns. In  1874  he 
married  Nina  M. 
Hunt,  the  daughter 
of  Dr.  O.  E.  Hunt, 
a  well-known  practi- 
tioner in  the  city  of 
Newton,  and  took  up 
his  residence  in  that 
city,    living    in     the 

section  known  as  Newtonville.  His  married  life  has 
been  singularly  happy,  and  he  has  moved  in  the  best 
social  circles  of  that  wealthy  city.  This  union  has  been 
blessed  with  two  children,  both  of  whom  are  girls.  In 
politics  Mr.  Fenno  is  a  Republican,  and  he  has  taken  a 
great  interest  in  the  conduct  of  local  affairs.  His 
thorough  knowledge  of  business  methods  has  stood  him 
in  good  stead  in  this  connection  and  has  worked  to  the 
advantage  of  the  city  in  many  material  respects.     He 


JOHN    A.    FENNO, 


held  office  in  the  Common  Council  in  1888  and  1889, 
and  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen  in  1890  and  1891.  He 
retired  from  office  in  the  following  year  and  was  induced 
to  accept  the  position  of  trustee  in  the  Newton  Cottage 
Hospital.  While  in  the  Council  and  Board  of  Alder- 
men he  held  many  important  places  on  the  various 
conunittees.  While  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Highways,  in  the  Board  of  Aldermen,  he,  in  connection 
with  Mayor  Hibbard,  established  the  system  of  dividing 

the  streets  into  sec- 
tions and  holding  the 
foreman  of  each  sec- 
tion   responsible  for 
the  condition  of  that 
section.       This 
method  is   still  con- 
tinued    and     has 
greatly    assisted      in 
keeping  the  roads  up 
to  the  high  standard 
for  which  Newton  is 
noted.      He     was    a 
member  of  the  Sewer 
Committee,    and    in 
1892  when  the  ques- 
tion   of    assessments 
for   the    payment  of 
the  Metropolitan 
Sewerage   System 
came  up,  there  then 
occurred  an    issue 
that  interested   all  of 
the  property  owners 
of  the  city.     It   was 
on  this  issue  that  he 
ran    for    mayor    and 
was    elected    by  the 
largest  majority  ever 
given  a  candidate  in 
the    city  who   had  a 
contestant.     He  is   thoroughly  earnest  and  devoted  in 
e\erything  he  takes  up,  and  has  won  the  confidence  of 
the  citizens.     He  is  a  member  of  the  Newton  Club,  and 
resigned  the  position  of  secretary  when  he  was  elected 
mayor.     Although  not  much  of  a  club  man,  preferring 
the  enjoyment  of  his  own  home  to  the  pleasures  of  the 
club  life,  he  rendered  much  valuable  assistance  to  the 
organization,  while  secretary,  and  during  his  occupancy 
of  this  office  the  handsome  club-house  was  erected. 


NE  WTON. 


SI7 


ALDEN    SPEARE,    one    of    the    most   honored   of 
JJoston  merchants,  who  makes  his  home  in  New- 
ton, was  born  in  Chelsea,  Orange  County,  Vt.,  Oct.  26, 
1825.     He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of   his 
native    place,  and   entered    the    Newbury  Seminary   in 
Vermont  with  the  intention  of  becoming  a  physician. 
His  father  dying,  he  went  to  Boston  and  entered  a  dry 
goods  store  as  clerk,  his  salary  consisting  of  his  board 
and  a  suit  of  clothes.     He  afterwards  entered  a  whole- 
sale   store,    and    in 
185 1   organized    the 
firm  of  Speare,  Burke 
&   Co.,   to  carry  on 
the    oil    and    starch 
business.      In     1853 
the    o  iifi  c  e    was    re- 
moved    to    No.    3 
Central  Wharf,  where 
the  business    is  car- 
ried   on    under    the 
name    of    A  1  d  e  n 
Speare's  Sons  &  Co., 
Mr.  Speare    being  a 
special  partner.     He 
was  married,  March 
I,  1849,  to  Caroline 
M.    Robinson,    at 
South    Reading,   Vt. 
They   had    seven 
children,    three    of 
whom    are    now   liv- 
ing.    In    i860    Mr. 
Speare    was    a   resi- 
dent of  Boston,  and 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of   the    School 
Committee.      He 
ser\ed  in  this  capa- 
city until  1868,  when 
he  removed  to  New- 
ton and   resigned  his  position  on  the    Boston    School 
Board.     The  loUowing  fall  he  was  elected  to  the  New- 
ton School  Board,  and  served  on  that  board  until  1875, 
when  he  was  elected  the  second  mavor  of  the  city.     He 
was  three  times  nominated,   twice  declining,   and  was 
elected  without  an  opposing  vote,  there  being  no  other 
candidate.     He  was  re-elected  for  a  second  term.     In 
politics   he    is    a    Republican.     Mr.    Speare    has   been 
identified  with    the    Methodist    Episcopal   church,  and 


ALDEN    SPEARE, 


while  living  in  Boston  was  for  several  years  a  director, 
and  in  1857  was  president,  of  the  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association.  He  has  been  for  years  an  active 
member  of  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Foreign  and 
Home  Missionary  Society  of  the  M.  E.  Church.  For 
many  years  he  has  been  a  member,  and  in  1875,  1882, 
1886,  1887  and  1888  he  was  president  of  the  Boston 
Wesleyan  Association.  Since  1872  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Boston  University,  and 

has  been  vice-presi- 
dent.     Mr.     Speare 
has  been    a   mem- 
ber   of    the    Boston 
Chamber   of    Co m - 
merce   since    its   or- 
ganization,   and    for 
four   years,    up    to 
1891,  was  the  presi- 
dent of  the  chamber. 
It  was  largely  through 
his   efforts    that    the 
present    building 
for     that    body   was 
erected,  he  securing 
the  donation  of  the 
land  from   President 
Whitney,  of  the  West 
End  Street  Railroad. 
He    took    an   active 
interest  in  the  erec- 
tion of  the  building, 
and  laid  the  corner- 
stone.     Mr.    Speare 
was   one    of   the  in- 
corporators   of    the 
Boston    Peniiy   Sav- 
ings Bank,   was   one 
of    the   trustees   and 
one    of    the    vice- 
presidents.      For 
nearly  twenty  years  he  was  one  of  the  directors  of  the 
Everett    National    Bank.     He    is    a    director   of    the 
Atchison,  Topeka   &    Santa    Fe    Railroad,    of   the    St. 
Louis   &  San    Francisco,    the    Atlantic   &  Pacific,    the 
Mexican  Central  and  the  Connecticut  &  Passumpsic ;  is 
largely  interested  in  several  New  England  manufactur- 
ing corporations,  and  is  president  of  the  Arkansas  Valley 
Town  and    Land   Company.     He   is  a    member  of  the 
Boston  .^rt  Club,  and  various  other  organizations. 


Si8 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AUSTIN    R.   MITCHELL   is    one    of    the    greatest 
benefactors  of  Newton.     He   is  at  the  head  of 
several  of  the  city's  important  institutions,  and  his  pub- 
lic-spiritedness  and  great  business  abilities  have  materi- 
ally helped  Newton  to  its  prosperous  position  of  to-day. 
He  served  in  the  Newton  city  government  four  years. 
He  is  one  of  the  largest  real  estate  holders  in  the  city, 
and  one  of  the  largest  taxpayers.     He  is  president  of 
the  West  Newton  Savings  Bank,  and  is  the  head  of  the 
large  tobacco  firm  of 
A.  R.  Mitchell  &  Co., 
of  Boston.     He  was 
born,  May  31,  1828, 
in  the  little  town  of 
Cummington,  Mass., 
the  same  town  which 
gave  birth  to  William 
CuUen    Bryant,    the 
poet,  and  Henry 
Laurens  Dawes,   the 
statesman.    Until  the 
age    of   eighteen   he 
attended  the  schools 
of  the  town,  and  was 
then     employed     as 
clerk  in  a  store,  where 
he  remained  until  at- 
taining his  majority. 
He   was   diligent   in 
business  and  careful 
and    saving    in     his 
habits,  and  in   1849, 
when    an     excellent 
opportunity  to   start 
in   the   tobacco  and 
cigar    business    pre- 
sented   itself,    he  — 
was  enabled  to  em- 
brace it.     In  1855  he 
disposed  of  the  busi- 
ness and,  with  an  old  hotel  man,  bought  the  Bay  State 
Hotel,  in  New  York.     For  three  years  this  business  was 
conducted,  and  he  withdrew  from  the   partnership  to 
enter  the  employ  of  P.  Lorillard  &  Co.,  tobacconists, 
the  largest  and  oldest  house  in  the  L^nited  States.     He 
travelled  for  this  firm  until  1865,  when  he  was  appointed 
New  England  agent  for  the  concern  for  fifteen  years, 
and  during  that  period  built  up  an  enormous  business. 
Subsecjuently  he   became    the    New  England  agent  of 


another  New  \'ork  house,  and  this  business  is  still  held 
by  him.     The  firm  of  A.  R.  Mitchell  &  Co.  has  also  the 
agency  for  the  Leggett  &  Myers  Tobacco  Company,  of 
St.  Louis,  Missouri,  the  largest  tobacco  manufacturers 
in  the  world.     In  1870  Mr.  Mitchell  moved  to  Nevvton- 
ville.  at  that  time  a  rural  village,  but  to-day  the  geo- 
graphical centre  of  the  Garden  City,  and  for  more  than 
a  score  of  years  he  has  been  closely  identified  with  the 
remarkable  prosperity  of  his  adopted  city.     His  resi- 
dence is  among  the 
finest  in  the  city.    He 
was  prominent  in  es- 
tablishing  the   West 
Newton     First     Na- 
tional Bank  in   1888, 
and  was  elected  vice- 
president  and  a  di- 
rector.    A  year  later, 
when  the  ^^'^est  New- 
ton Savings  Bank  was 
organized,     he     was 
made    its    president. 
He  is   a  director  of 
the   Newton  Associ- 
ates, and  of  the  New- 
ton &  Boston  Elec- 
tric   Street    Railway, 
also  being  the  largest 
stockholder     in    the 
latter    corporation. 
For  the  past  ten  years 
he    has    been    a   di- 
rector in  the  Middle- 
sex   Banking    Com- 
pany, of  Middletown, 
Ct.,    which     is     the 
most  successful  farm 
mortgage  loan  com- 
pany   in    New    Eng- 
land,   having  total 
assets  of  §7,622,908.     He  is  a  director  in  the  New  Eng- 
land Street  Railway  Company.     When  the  Newton  Club- 
House  was  built,  in  1892,  Mr.  Mitchell  donated  $5,500 
to  the  club,  and  became  a  liberal  subscriber  to  the  club 
bonds.     The  Newton  Club-House  is  now  the  finest  in 
the  State  outside  of  Boston.     In  the  development  of  the 
material  interests  of  Newton  Mr.  Mitchell  has  been  one 
of  the   most  prominent  factors  during  the  past   twenty 
years. 


AUSTIN    R.    MITCHELL. 


WOBURN,  one  of  the  cliief  seats  of  the  leather  industry  in  the  country,  is,  as  well,  one  of  the  most  interesting 
places  in  Massachusetts  from  an  historic  standpoint,  its  incorporation  as  a  town  dating  back  to  1642,  or 
only  twelve  years  after  the  settlement  of  Boston.  It  had  been  settled  two  years  before,  being  known  as  "Charles- 
town  Village,"  the  deed  of  grant  to  Charlestown  being  made  by  the  General  Court  in  1640.  It  received  its  name 
of  Woburn  from  the  fact  that  the  English  town  of  this  same  name  was  the  birthplace  of  Robert  Sedgwick,  the 
chairman  of  the  committee  of  thirteen  chosen  by  Charlestown  to  define  the  bounds  between  the  two  places,  and  to 
select  the  town  site.  The  establishment  of  the  church  in  the  village,  in  1642,  was  quickly  succeeded  by  the  town's 
incorporation,  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  which  incorporation  was  appropriately  celebrated  by  the 
jjeople  of  Woburn  only  a  few  months  ago. 

The  early  settlers  had  the  same  difficulties  to  overcome  as  were  characteristic  of  the  reclaiming  to  civilization 
of  the  primeval  wilderness  of  that  early  time  ;  but  the  stoutness  of  heart  and  indomitable  purpose  that  triumphed 
elsewhere  under  similar  circumstances  overcame  all  obstacles,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  town  that  five  years 
ago  blossomed  into  the  fulness  of  municipal  dignity. 

The  early  history  of  Woburn  is  not  associated  with  the  tragic  recital  of  Indian  atrocities,  its  proximity  to 
Boston  giving  it  a  security  not  enjoyed  by  more  remote  places  ;  but  it  contributed  loyally  its  quota  of  stout  hearts 
to  the  Indian  wars  pre\ailing  during  its  first  fifty  years,  to  the  French  and  Indian  War  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
century,  and  to  the  Revolution.  A  company  of  Woburn  Minute  Men  particijjated  in  the  nation's  first  "baptism  of 
blood"  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  and  two  of  their  number  —  Asahel  Porter  and  Da\id  Thompson  —  are  among 
the  martvrs  of  that  historic  day.  In  the  eventful  limes  that  followed,  from  Bunker  Hill  to  Yorktown,  the  sons  of 
Woburn  played  a  loyal  part ;  and  neither  were  they  found  wanting  in  the  second  w&r  with  P^ngland,  nor  in  that 
with  Mexico,  while  in  the  Rebellion  she  contributed  775  men,  eighty-two  of  whom  were  killed. 

The  business  of  tanning  in  Woburn  dates  back  to  the  very  beginning  of  the  town's  history,  for  the  names  of 
John  and  Francis  Wyman,  tanners,  appear  among  the  original  signers  of  the  town's  orders.  Thus  this  industry  w^as 
associated  with  Woburn  from  the  first,  and  it  remains  to  this  day  practically  the  sole  business  of  the  place. 

Situated  about  ten  miles  from  Boston,  and  upon  the  great  railroad  highway  between  Boston  and  the  North, — 
the  Boston  &  Maine  system, —  it  is  easy  of  access,  frequent  trains  daily  putting  it  in  close  connection  with  the 
metropolis  of  New  England.  Considering  its  advantageous  location,  its  growth,  while  steady,  has  not  been  in 
proportion  to  that  which  has  been  enjoyed  elsewhere,  a  fact  in  the  main  due  to  its  being  dominated  by  a  single 
industry,  which  has  drawn  thither  only  those  interested  in  that  calling.  Not  offering  the  inducement  of  diversified 
industries,  it  has  been  placed  at  a  disadvantage  compared  with  places  more  favored  by  such  diversity,  and  -conse- 
quently has  been  of  slower  growth.     Its  present  population  is  about  14,000. 

Its  most  noteworthy  attraction  to  the  visitor  is  its  magnificent  public  library  building,  which,  in  architectural 
beauty,  is  not  surpassed  by  any  library  structure  in  the  country.  This  is  a  monument  to  the  philanthropy  and 
public  spirit  of  Charles  Bowers  Winn,  who  died  in  1875  and  left  $250,000  for  the  purpose.  It  is  worthy  of 
note  that  the  initial  step  toward  the  foundation  of  the  library  was  taken  by  the  Hon.  Jonathan  Bowers  Winn, 
father  of  the  foregoing,  as  early  as  1855  ;  and  that  it  received  by  his  death  in  1873,  and  by  the  death  of  the 
latter's  brother,  Timothy  \\'inn,  the  same  year,  legacies  aggregating  $5,500. 

Woburn  abounds  in  historic  landmarks,  while  within  the  city  limits,  or  immediately  adjacent  thereto,  are 
many  romantic  spots  to  catch  the  fancy  and  inspire  the  brush  of  an  artist.  Here  still  stands  the  house  in  which 
was  born  Benjamin  Thompson,  better  known  as  Count  Rumford,  who  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
men  of  his  time,  although  his  Tory  sympathies  in  his  country's  infant  crisis  removes  him  without  the  pale  of 
respect  of  patriotic  Americans.  It  was  in  Woburn  that  Charles  Goodyear  discovered  the  |)rocess  of  vulcanizing 
rubber,  and  the  house  is  still  standing  in  which  he  resided  at  the  time. 


S20 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD    K\KRETT   THOMPSON  was   born    in 
North  Woburn,  Mass.,  Dec.  i8,   1826,  and  is  the 
son  of  Charles  and  Mary  Wyman  Thompson,  being  the 
youngest  of   nine    children.      He    traces    his   ancestry 
back  through  seven  generations   to  James   Thompson, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  party  which,  under  command 
of  Governor  Winthrop,  landed  at  Salem   in  June,  1630. 
This  James  Thompson  was  one  of  the  original   settlers 
of  Woburn,  and  in    December,  1640,  was  one    of    the 
thirty-two  signers  of 
the    Town    Orders. 
He  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  Board 
of  Selectmen  elected 
in  1642,  and  contin- 
ued to  hold  this  office 
for  twenty  years.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch 
was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native    town,    finish- 
ing   with    the    gram- 
mar   school,     which 
was  the  highest  grade 
the  town  enjoyed  in 
those  days.     Leaving 
school,  he  was  for  a 
number    of    years 
engaged  in   mercan- 
tile business  with  his 
brother  Abijah,    at 
North  Woburn,  where 
he    also    served     as 
]i  o  s  t  m  a  s  t  e  r.      In 
March,     1861,     Wo- 
burn   increased   its 
selectmen    fro  m 
three    to    nine,    and 
Mr.  Thompson    was 
chosen    one   of    the 

number.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  his  brother 
having  enlisted,  and  the  duties  of  selectman  demanding 
so  much  time,  owing  to  the  requirements  of  the  time, 
Mr.  Thompson  sold  out  his  business  and  devoted  his 
entire  time  to  public  affairs.  He  continued  a  member  of 
the  Hoard  of  Selectmen  for  seventeen  years,  almost  rival- 
ling in  length  of  service  the  public  career  of  his  paternal 
ancestor  in  the  town's  infancy,  and  was  chairman  one 
year  and  clerk  of  the  board  for  twelve  years.     In    1871 


EDWARD    E.    THOMPSON 


he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  Water  Hoard  and  Water 
Register,  serving  in  this  dual  office  for  ten  years.  In 
187 1  he  also  represented  Woburn  in  the  General  Court. 
For  ten  years  he  has  been  a  special  commissioner 
for  Middlesex  County,  and  for  twelve  years  treasurer  of 
the  Woburn  Five-Cent  Savings  Bank.  When  Woburn 
became  a  city,  in  1889,  Mr.  Thompson  was  elected  to 
the  Common  Council  from  Ward  Four,  and  served  two 
years  as  president  of  that  body.     In  the  campaign    of 

1 89 1  he  was  elected 
third  mayor  of  \Vo- 
burn,  and  had  the 
satisfaction  of  being 
the  executive  head 
of  the  city  during 
the  year  that  marked 
the  two  hundred  and 
fiftieth  anniversary 
of  Woburn's  incorpo- 
ration, and  the  cele- 
bration of  which 
c  o  m  m  e  m  o  r  a  t  e  d 
an  event  in  which 
his  ancestor,  James 
Thompson,  took  an 
active  part.  Mr. 
Thompson  has  been 
a  prominent  worker 
in  the  counsels  of  the 
Congre  gat  ion  al 
church,  having  been 
deacon  of  the  First 
Church  o  f  Woburn 
for  eight  years,  su- 
perintendent of  the 
North  Church  Sab- 
bath-school for  five 
years,  superintend- 
ent of  the  First 
Church  Sabbath- 
school  ten  years,  collector  and  treasurer  of  the  First  Con- 
gregational parish  fourteen  years,  and  a  member  of  the 
Church  Aid  Committee  of  the  Woburn  Conference  nine 
years.  Sept.  9,  1848,  Mr.  Thompson  married  Sarah  S. 
Hackett,  of  Wilton,  N.  H.,  and  they  have  two  children, 
Mrs.  Charles  M.  Strout  and  Mrs.  C.  Willard  Smith. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thompson  have  a  pleasant  home  on  Mont- 
vale  Avenue,  Woburn,  made  brighter  by  the  fact  that 
their  children  reside  near  by. 


W  OB  URN. 


521 


PHILIP    KEARNEY   ADAMS    RICHARDSON    is 
the  son  of  George  Adams  Richardson  and  Lavina 
((jillespie)  Richardson,  and  was  born  in  Chelsea,  Mass., 
Feb.  20,  1863.     When  but  five  years  of  age  his  parents 
removed  to  Woburn,  Mass.,  where  his  early  education 
was  obtained  in  the  public  schools,  supplemented  later 
by  attendance   at  an  art  school  in  Boston.     His  tastes 
early  turned  to  wood-engraving  as  the  business  which 
he  later  chose  as  his  life-work,  and  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed ever  since  with 
success,  being  at  pres- 
ent a  partner  in  the 
business  of  theAldine 
Engraving  Company, 
of  Boston.     In  poli- 
itics  Mr.  Richardson, 
since  the  attainment 
of  his   majority,  has 
been  an  ardent  and 
active   Republican, 
and  has  done  efficient 
service  as  a  member 
of    the    Republican 
City    Committee    of 
Woburn ;    but    until 
1890,   when   he  was 
appointed     registrar 
of  voters    by  Mayor 
Johnson,   he    had 
never     held     public 
office    of    any    kind. 
Later    he    became  a 
civil    service    exam- 
iner, and  in  the  mu- 
nicipal  campaign  of 
1 89 1    he   was   nomi- 
nated as  Republican 
candidate  from  Wo- 
burn's  third  ward,  a 
seat  which  had  been 

held  by  a  Democrat  from  the  time  of  Woburn's  first 
municipal  election.  It  is  a  tribute  to  Mr.  Richardson's 
personal  popularity  among  those  without  the  pale  of  his 
own  party  that  he  scored  a  victory  in  this  his  first  ap- 
pearance at  the  polls,  and  in  a  ward  where  the  Demo- 
crats are  in  a  decided  majority.  His  discharge  of  his 
aldermanic  duties  was  distinguished  by  that  frank,  manly 
independence  of  character  and  high-minded  conception 
of  his  duties,  as  the  representative  of  his  ward,  that  was 


PHILIP   K.    A.    RICHARDSON. 


expected  by  those  who  had  loyally  given  him  their 
votes,  and  showed  a  grasp  of  the  requirements  of  his 
position  that  was  bound  to  make  him  a  political  factor 
henceforth  to  be  considered  in  the  conduct  of  his  city's 
affairs.  Courageous  when  the  occasion  was  one  to 
demand  the  courage  of  unpartisanship,  he  made  for 
himself  a  record  that  immediately  dignified  his  individ- 
ualitv  as  that  of  the  most  available  man  his  party  could 
liut   forward    for    mayoralty   honors    in    the   succeeding 

election.     His  nom- 
ination, therefore,  fol- 
lowed as  the  logical 
sequence  of  the  ser- 
vice he  had  rendered, 
and  in  the  municipal 
contest  of    1892    he 
was  elected  Woburn's 
fourth    and    present 
mayor  in  one  of  the 
closest  and  most  ex- 
citing struggles  that 
his    city     has     ever 
known,  a  contest  in 
which  there  were  two 
other  candidates,  and 
in    which    all    three 
polled    an    unusually 
heavy  vote.     In  1891 
Mr.  Richardson  mar- 
ried   Miss    Roxanna 
Baker    Christy,    and 
his    home    life   is   as 
happy  as  his  political 
career  has  been  for- 
tunate.    Sociajly,  he 
is    one  of   the   most 
genial  and   compan- 
ionable   of    men,  — 
one  whose  frankness 
is  the  natural  reflec- 
tion of  his  sincerity  of  character,  and  as  such  is  prop- 
erly understood  and  appreciated  by  all  who  know  him. 
No  better  evidence  of  such  appreciation  could  be  foimd 
than  the  fact  at  so  early  an  age  and  after  so  brief  an 
introduction  to  official  affairs,  he  is  to-day  the  executive 
head  of  the  city  where  his  boyhood  and  manhood  have 
been  spent,  and  where  his  character  has  developed  and 
unfolded  under  the  eyes  of  the  very  people  by  whom  he 
has  been  honored  with  the  chief  gift  at  their  disposal. 


5: 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


EDWARD  FRANCIS  JOHNSON,  son  of  John  and 
Julia  A.  (Bulfinch)  Johnson,  was  born  in  Woburn, 
Mass.,  Oct.  22,  1856,  and  is  a  direct  descendant  of 
Captain  Edward  Johnson,  who  served  as  the  fiist 
town  clerk  and  chairman  of  the  first  Board  of  Select- 
men in  Woburn.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  received 
his  early  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town,  and  upon  his  graduation  from  the  high  school  in 
:874,  entered  Harvard  College,  where,  in  1878,  he 
obtained  the  degree 


of   A.  B.      The 

suc- 

ceeding    year 

was 

sjient    in    rest, 

en- 

livened  by  travel 
abroad,  and  upon 
his  return  he  entered 
Harvard  Law  School, 
graduating  therefrom 
in  1882  with  the  de- 
gree of  LL.  B.,  hav- 
ing been  the  year 
previous  admitted  to 
the  Suffolk  bar.  The 
very  year  that  he 
graduated  from  the 
Harvard  Law  School 
he  was  appointed 
clerk  of  the  Fourth 
District  Court  of 
Eastern  Middlesex, 
and  held  that  posi- 
tion until  his  resig- 
nation in  1888.  In 
1887  he  was  elected 
town  treasurer  of 
Woburn,  and  was 
again  elected  the 
succeeding  year,  and 
in  1888,  when  Wo- 
b  urn  was  incorpo- 
rated as  a  city,  he  was  elected  as  the  first  mayor  of  the 
new  municipality,  being  elected  for  a  second  term  the 
succeeding  year.  To  the  work  accomplished  by  its 
young  mayor  in  those  two  first  crucial  years,  during 
which  the  city  was  enjoying  its  first  lessons  in  city  gov- 
ernment, exceeding  credit  is  due.  With  a  keen  com- 
prehension of  the  requirements  consequent  upon  the 
assumption  of  municipal  dignity,  Mayor  Johnson  brought 
into    practical    requisition    a   knowledge  and   grasp   of 


EDWARD    F.  JOHNSON 


municipal  law  that  placed  the  newly-fledged  city  on  a 
secure  and  creditable  foundation,  and  removed  the 
occasion  for  friction  among  the  various  departments. 
He  was  the  man  for  the  time,  and  the  city  owes  him  a 
debt  of  gratitude  for  the  signal  manner  in  which  he 
demonstrated  that  fact.  Rarely,  indeed,  has  the  guid- 
ance of  a  city  in  its  first  days  of  municipal  dignity,  with 
methods  of  government  so  distinct  from  those  of  the 
town,  been  entrusted   to  so   young  a  hand,  and  rarer 

still,   to    one    better 
able    to   rise    to   the 
full  stature  of  the  re- 
q  u  i  r  e  m e  n  t  s .     In 
February,   1891,  Mr. 
Johnson  was  chosen 
justice  of  the  Fourth 
District    of    Eastern 
Middlesex,  the  same 
tribunal  of  which  he 
had    been    clerk   for 
six    years,    prior    to 
his      resignation     in 
1888.     All  of   Judge 
Johnson's    American 
ancestors,    excepting 
the  first  two  genera- 
tions,   were    natives 
of  Woburn,  and  like 
his    paternal    ances- 
tor. Captain  Edward 
Johnson,    whose 
"  Wonder-Working 
Providence"    is    the 
earliest    record   of 
Woburn,  having  been 
written  in   165 1,    the 
subject  of  this  sketch 
has   contributed   not 
a    little    by   his    re- 
searches     to     throw 
light  on  Woburn's    history.     With  a  love  for  the  place 
with  which  the  fortunes  of  his  family  have  been  asso- 
ciated from  the  settlement  of  the  town,  he  has  published 
many   papers    dealing    with    old    landmarks,    while    a 
decidedly  important  contribution  is  the  record  of  births, 
marriages  and  deaths  in  Woburn,  from  its  settlement  to 
the  present,  compiled  with     great  care  and   accuracy, 
published  in  three  volumes,  and  which  are  of  incalcul- 
able value  to  the  genealogical  student. 


W OB  URN. 


523 


GEORGE    FREMONT    BEAN,    second    mayor   of 
Wobuni,  is  the    only   child    of   Stephen    Sibley 
Bean  and  Nancy  (Colby)  Bean,  and  was  born  in  Brad- 
ford, N.  H.,  March  24,   1857.     His  early  education  was 
obtained  in  Warner,  N.  H.,  whither  his  family  removed 
when  he  was  very  young  and  where  he  attended  the  dis- 
trict school    and    subsequently    the    high    school.     He 
fitted    for   college    at   Colby   Academy,    New   London, 
N.  H.,  and  entered  Brown  I'niversity  in   1877,  gradua- 
ting t  he  re  from  as 
second  in    his  class, 
and      consequently 
salutatorian  in  1881. 
While  at  college,  Mr. 
Bean  was  managing 
editor  of  the  Briiiio- 
niaii,    one     of      the 
lead  i  ng  university 
publications,    was    a 
member  of  the  Delta 
Upsilon     Fraternity, 
and    took   an  active 
part    in    the   athletic 
sports  whereby  phys- 
ical   development   is 
designed    to    keep 
pace  with  the  mental 
improvement      inci- 
dent   to    the    mind- 
broadening    curricu- 
lum.    The  year  after 
graduation  was  spent 
as  principal  of  a  gram- 
mar  school    in  Wo- 
burn,  which  was  Mr. 
Bean's  first  introduc- 
tion to  a  place  over 
which   he  was  to  be 
the    chief    executive 
about  ten  years  later. 

Teaching  was  in  his  case,  as  in  the  case  of  so  many 
others,  but  the  breathing-spell  ere  taking  up  the  career 
that  is  to  prove  a  life-work,  and  therefore  after  a  single 
year's  service  in  the  school-room,  he  took  up  the  study 
of  law,  entering  the  office  of  the  Honorable  Samuel  C. 
Eastman,  at  Concord,  N.  H.,  where  the  succeeding  year 
was  spent  in  exploring  the  mysteries  of  Blackstone, 
Coke  and  Lyttleton,  as  well  as  the  works  of  American 
jurists.     The  following  year  Mr.  Bean  entered   Boston 


GEORGE    F.    BEAN. 


University  Law  School,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1885,  being  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  June  of  that 
year.  He  immediately  took  up  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Boston,  devoting  himself  especially  to  com- 
mercial, probate  and  corporation  law  matters.  Although 
a  Democrat  and  a  resident  of  the  strong  Democratic 
city  of  Woburn,  Mr.  Bean  never  took  an  active  part 
in  politics  until  the  municipal  campaign  of  1890,  at 
which   time   he  was   elected    on  a   citizens'  ticket   for 

mayor,  defeating  an 
opponent  who    went 
into     the    campaign 
with    the    dual    ad- 
vantage of  Republi- 
can and  Democratic 
nomination.     A  new 
and  untried  man,  he 
gave  his  city  a  good 
administration  under 
circumstances   that 
were  particularly  try- 
ing    and     difficult. 
The  succeeding  year 
he    received    the 
Democratic  nomina- 
tion but  was  defeated 
by    his     Republican 
opponent    through 
factional    opposition 
in  his  own  party.    In 
the  campaign   of 
1892   Mr.   Bean  was 
again  the   candidate 
of    his    party,    and 
polled   within  thirty- 
seven    votes   of   the 
successful     Rei)ubli- 
can   candidate,    not- 
withstanding the  fact 
that  there  was  an  in- 
dependent candidate  in  the  field  vvho  polled  a  heavy 
Democratic  vote.     Mr.  Bean  took  an  active  and  promi- 
nent part  in  the  two  hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  the  founding  of  A\oburn.     In   1886  Mr.  Bean  mar- 
ried Miss  E.  Maria  Blodgett,  a  lady  prominent  in  the 
educational  affairs  of  U'oburn,  having  been  before  her 
marriage  a  teacher  in  the  high  school  of  that  city,  and 
who   is   and    has  been  for  some   time    a    member   the 
Woburn  School  Board. 


NEITHER  the  pioneer  of  the  se\enteenth  century  nor  the  patriot  of  the  eighteenth  lould  possibly  ha\e  con- 
ceived the  growth  and  development  of  the  farming  community  scattered  over  the  hills  and  valleys  of  the 
western  part  of  Middlesex  County  into  one  of  the  foremost  manufacturing  communities  in  Massachusetts.  While 
many  of  the  old  farms  yet  remain,  unimpaired  in  area,  on  the  outskirts  of  the  territory  embraced  in  the  city  limits, 
another  aspect  than  that  of  an  agricultural  community  is  presented  by  the  modern  Marlborough  to  the  world  at 
large.  A  young  and  growing  city,  whose  natural  advantages  are  supplemented  by  the  enterprise  and  industry  of 
her  citizens,  Marlborough  is  to-day  an  exemplification  of  what  may  be  accomplished  by  the  union  of  the  progres- 
sive ideas  of  the  nineteenth  century  with  the  solid,  Puritan  stock  of  her  founders.  From  the  days  when  her 
farmers,  in  common  with  those  of  so  many  New  England  towns,  possessed  a  skill  in  the  fashioning  of  footwear,  to 
the  modern  days  of  machinery,  Marlborough  has  kept  pace  with  the  march  of  improvement  and  is  to-day  in  the 
first  rank  of  the  manufacturing  cities  of  New  England. 

To  the  shoe  industry  alone  Marlborough  owes  her  growth  and  her  material  prosperity.  Almost  without 
exception  such  other  manufacturing  plants  as  are  established  within  her  borders  are  connected  in  one  way  or 
another  with  the  one  great  industry,  while  it  is  the  weekly  pay-roll  of  the  shops  that  maintains  her  mercantile 
establishments,  supports  her  public  schools  and  contributes  to  her  churches.  The  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes  on  a  large  scale  was  first  commenced  by  .Samuel  Boyd,  and  until  his  death,  in  1892,  he  was  one  of  the  leading 
figures  in  the  life  and  business  of  Marlborough,  while  the  plant  which  he  established  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
city.  Other  manufactories  have  grown  up,  until  to-day  there  are  many  of  them  all  over  the  city,  the  largest  being 
that  of  the  S.  H.  Howe  Shoe  Manufacturing  Company,  whose  three  large  factories,  located  in  the  western  part  of 
the  business  portion  of  the  city,  give  employment  to  two  thousand  hands.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
Howe  shops  are  located  those  of  John  A.  Frye,  T.  A.  Coolidge  &  Co.,  Chase,  Merritt  &  Co.  and  J.  Desmond,  while 
the  large  plants  of  the  Boyd-Corey  Manufacturing  Company,  John  O'Connell,  Rice  &  Hutchins  and  J.  B.  Billings 
are  located  in  the  central  and  eastern  portion  of  the  city.  Smaller  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  a  finer 
grade  of  shoes  than  those  made  in  the  large  shops  are  being  started,  that  of  HoUis  &  Dearborn  being  an  example. 
Elmer  Loring,  leather  remnants  ;  T.  J.  Beaudry,  die  manufacturer  :  Frank  Billings,  leather  remnants  ;  Henry 
Parsons,  John  Davey,  Anderson  &  Dailey,  M.  C.  Wheeler,  Wood  &  \Mllard,  machinists  :  George  A.  Howe,  E.  F. 
Longley,  E.  M.  Low  and  Frank  &  Duston,  box  manufacturers  ;  Malcolm  Mcl.ane  and  J.  W.  Strattard,  foundries, 
and  the  Marlborough  Last  Company  —  all  are  dependent  on  the  one  great  industry  for  their  maintenance  and 
their  business. 

The  only  prominent  industry  that  is  entirely  distinct  from  the  shoe  trade  is  that  of  the  Germania  I';iectric 
Company,  whose  plant  is  on  Maple  Street.  This  concern,  finding  itself  cramped  for  lack  of  room  at  its  former 
location  in  Cambridge,  was  forced  to  look  elsewhere,  and  through  the  efforts  of  the  Marlborough  Board  of  Trade 
was  induced  to  remove  to  Marlborough,  the  buildings  and  engine  of  the  Commonwealth  Shoe  Company  being 
placed  at  its  disposal,  the  latter  concern  ha\ing  removed  to  Whitman  in  order  to  consolidate  its  various  branches. 
The  Germania  Company  went  to  Marlborough  in  1891,  and  immediately  commenced  the  manufacture  of  dynamos, 
incandescent  lamps  and  other  electric-light  apparatus  on  a  large  and  constantly  increasing  scale.  In  addition  to 
the  force  of  experts  that  are  required  in  this  business,  a  large  force  of  girls  is  constantly  employed. 

Marlborough  is  looked  upon  by  the  leaders  of  organized  labor  as  one  of  the  strongest  labor-union  cities  in 
the  country,  but  wise  and  conservative  management  has  always  been  the  rule,  and  there  is  \ery  little  friction 
between  the  employers  and  the  employed,  arbitration  being  the  means  employed  to  settle  particularly  knotty  cases. 
Marlborough  has  nothing  to  boast  of  in  the  line  of  public  buildings,  but  the  number  of  fine  business  blocks 
is  large  and  constantly  increasing,  some  of  the  more  notable  structures  being  Frye's  Block  at  the  corner  of 
Mechanic  and  Lincoln  streets,  the  People's  Bank,  Burke's,  Warren's,  Hunter's,  and  the  Grand  .Army  of  the 
Republic  blocks  on  Main  Street,  while  others  are  designed  for  construction  in  the  near  future. 


MARLBOROUGH. 


525 


AMONG  those  of  her  adopted  citizens,  Marlborough 
holds  none  higher  than  William  Nathaniel  Daven- 
port, born  in  Boylston,  Mass.,  Nov.  3,  1856.  He  is  the  son 
of  William  J.  and  Almira  (Howard)  Davenport,  having 
been  born  on  the  original  tract  of  land  granted  to  the 
Davenports  by  the  colonial  Legislature.  He  is  the  direct 
descendant  of  Captain  Richard  Davenport,  commander 
of  the  King's  forces,  whose  remains  now  rest  in  King's 
Chapel  Burying-ground,  Boston.  The  senior  Davenport 
died  in  1858,  leaving 
his  wife  with  three 
little  children,  two 
of  them  daughters. 
Attending  school 
until  eleven  years 
old,  William  N.  left 
it  forever,  to  work  in 
a  cotton  mill.  Going 
to  Hudson  w  hen 
thirteen,  he  worked 
a  year  in  a  shoe 
shop,  going  thence 
to  Marlborough, 
where  he  worked  in 
a  similar  place  nine 
years.  He  had 
studied  during  his 
spare  time,  and  at 
the  age  of  twenty- 
three  left  the  shoe 
shop  with  one  thou- 
sand dollars,  the  sav- 
ings of  three  years, 
and  entered  the  law 
office  of  J.  T.  Joslin, 
Hudson,  remain- 
ing there  a  year. 
Thence  he  went  to 
Ann  Arbor,  attend- 
ing the  law  depart- 
ment of  the  Michigan  University.  In  1882  the  Police 
Court  of  Marlborough  was  formed,  and  Mr.  Davenport 
was  a])iJointed  clerk.  In  1SS3  he  entered  into  partner- 
ship with  E.  F.  Johnson,  the  union  lasting  one  vear,  at 
the  end  of  which  time  he  resigned  his  clerkshijj.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  Michigan  bar  in  1S82  and  to  the 
Massachusetts  bar  in  1883,  upon  examination.  In  1SS4 
he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  by  a  large  plurality, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1885  by  a  large  majority,  in  the 


WILLIAM    N.    DAVENPORT 


face  of  an  opposition  majoritv  in  the  town.  He  was 
defeated  for  the  Senate  in  1886,  was  elected  in  1888, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1889,  running  ahead  of  his  ticket 
in  all  cases.  In  the  Legislature  he  served  on  the  follow- 
ing committees  :  House  Committee  on  Labor,  Probate 
and  Insohency,  Election  Laws  (chairman)  and  Bills  in 
the  Third  Reading ;  Senate  Committee  on  Judiciary, 
Probate  and  Insolvency  (chairman)  ;  Bills  in  the  Third 
Reading    (chairman),   and    Railroads:    Joint    Standing 

Committee  of  Inves- 
tigation of  Commis- 

sioner    of     Province 

Laws,  and  Contested 
Elections,  1889, 
and  chairman  of 
the  Committee 
on  the  Investiga- 
tion of  Bribery 
Charges  made  b  y 
George  Fred  Wil- 
liams in  1890.  H  e 
was  a  member  of  the 
Republican  State 
Central  Committee 
two  years,  of  the 
Ninth  District  Con- 
gressional Committee 
si.x  years,  chairman 
of  the  Marlborough 
Republican  Town 
Committee  three 
years,  and  now 
(1892)  member  of 
the  Republican 
Councillor  Commit- 
tee. He  was  Grand 
Commander  of  the 
American  Legion  of 
Honor  for  two  years 
and  grand  leader  of 
the  Home  Circle  for  one  year.  At  present  he  is  Supreme 
Representative  to  the  Supreme  Council  of  the  Home  Cir- 
cle, and  a  Supreme  Trustee  of  the  American  Legion  of 
Honor.  He  is  likewise  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Fra- 
ternity, Lodge  and  Chajiter,  and  of  the  Improved  Order 
of  Red  Men.  He  was  married,  on  Jan.  i,  1887,  to 
Lizzie  M.,  daughter  of  Lyman  P.  Kendall,  of  Boylston. 
Politically,  professionally  and  socially,  Mr.  Davenport 
occupies  a  front  rank  in  the  esteem  of  his  fellow-men. 


526 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO~DAY. 


FEW,  if  any,  of  Marlborough's  sons  have  been  hon- 
ored with  public  ofifices  of  trust  and  responsibility 
to  the  extent  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.     He  is  by 
birth  and  education  a  typical  specimen  of  Marlborough's 
best  men,  and  as  such  is  known  and  respected  through- 
out the  State.     James  W.  McDonald  was  born  May  15, 
1853,  being  the  son  of  Michael  and  Jane    (Mulcahy) 
McDonald,  and   has  always    lived  in  his   native   place. 
He  received  his  school  education  there,  graduating  from 
the  high  school.     At 
the     end     of     three 
years'  study  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar, 
after  passing  the  ex- 
a  m  i  n  a  t  i  o  n  by  the 
Middlesex    exam- 
iners.    His   practice 
has  been  a  lucrative 
and     constantly     in- 
creasing    one.     For 
several  years  he  was 
town  counsel  of  Marl- 
horough,  and  has 
been     city    solicitor 
since    the   formation 
of   the    city   govern- 
ment.     For     twelve 
years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber   of    the    School 
Committee.    He  was 
elected  to  the  Mas- 
sachusetts House  of 
Representatives,  and 
served     during     the 
session  of  1880,  be- 
ing a  member  of  the 
committees    on    Li- 
quor Laws  and  Con- 
stitutional   Amend- 
ments.    In   1 89 1    he 

served  in  the  State  Senate  from  the  Fourth  Middlesex 
District,  being  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Manufac- 
tures and  a  member  of  the  committees  on  Constitu- 
tional Amendments,  Probate  and  Insolvency,  the  special 
committee  on  Congressional  Redistrictingand  the  special 
committee  which  sat  during  the  recess  on  the  formation 
of  a  general  city  charter,  and  which  reported  a  bill 
adopted  by  the  Legislature  of  1892.  Re-elected  to  the 
Senate,  he  served  as  chairman  of  the   Committee  on 


JAMES  w.  McDonald. 


Probate  and  Insolvency,  and  was  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittees on  Judiciary,  Constitutional  Amendments  and 
the  special  recess  committee  on  the  revision  of  the 
judicial  system  of  the  State.  At  the  close  of  the  ses- 
sion of  1892  he  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  State 
Board  of  Gas  and  Electric  Light  Commissioners,  resign- 
ing at  that  time  from  the  Committee  on  Revision  of 
the  Judicial  System.  During  the  session  of  1891  Mr. 
McDonald  was  chairman  of  the  committee  that  drafted 

the     bill    permitting 
cities  and    towns   to 
construct  and  oper- 
ate their  own  plants 
for  gas  and  electric 
lighting,    which    was 
known  as  the  McDon- 
ald   Bill,  and   which 
became     a     law.     A 
Democrat  in  politics, 
Mr.    McDonald    has 
never   failed    to    re- 
ceive   Republican 
support  whenever  he 
was  a  candidate  for 
office,  such  was  the 
confidence  in  his  in- 
tegrity   and     ability 
displayed    by    those 
familiar  with  his 
course    as    a    public 
official.     For  several 
years    he    was   asso- 
ciate  justice   of    the 
Marlborough    Police 
Court.     He  has  been 
for  a  long  time  the 
chairman  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic    City    Com- 
mittee   of    Marlbor- 
ough, and   is  always 
called  upon  to  render  service  to  the  party  during  the 
campaign.     He  is  a  most  convincing  speaker  on  politi 
cal  subjects,  being  thoroughly  versed  in  economic  ques- 
tions.    Mr.  McDonald   is   a  member  of   two   fraternal 
organizations,  —  the  Royal  Arcanum  and  the  Ancient 
Order  of  Foresters  of  America.     He  is  unmarried,  re- 
siding with  his  mother  on  Prospect  Street  in  his  native 
city.     As   city  solicitor   of   Marlborough,  he  keeps   in 
close  touch  with  all  municipal  affairs. 


MARLBOROUGH. 


527 


IT  was  said,  when  Marlborough  voted  in  July,  1890,  to 
accept  a  city  charter,  that  S.  H.  Howe  was  practi- 
cally  chosen   mayor,   so    strong  was  his   hold   on   the 
respect  and  confidence  of  his  fellow-citizens.     It  is  safe 
to  say  that  not  one  of  Marlborough's  prominent   men 
has,  to  a   greater  degree,  the  esteem  of  all  classes  and 
conditions  of  men  than  has  Simon   Herbert   Howe,  the 
subject  of   this   brief  biographical  sketch.     He  is    the 
son  of  Samuel  and  Charlotte  Howe,  his  mother's  maiden 
name  being  likewise 
Howe.      Born    Dec. 
21,    1835,    he    grew 
up  to  youth  and  man- 
hood on  the   breezy 
hills  of  Marlborough. 
He  began  shoemak- 
ing    at    the    age    of 
eleven,  and  is  famil- 
iar with   all  the  de- 
tails of  the  craft.    He 
graduated  from 
school  at  the  age  of 
twenty.     In  1855  he 
c  o  m  m  e  n  c  e  d    the 
manufacture  of  shoes 
in  a  shop  on   Pleas- 
ant  Street,   in   com- 
pany with  his  brother, 
Lewis  A.  Howe.     He 
subsequently     p  u  r  - 
chased   his  brother's 
interest  and  removed 
the  business  to   the 
corner    of     Pleasant 
and  Elm  streets,  the 
site  of  what  is  now 
the  main  shop  in  the 
trio  of  large  factories 
operated  in  his  name. 
This  shop  has   been 

enlarged  many  times,  until  it  stands  as  one  of  the 
largest  in  Eastern  Massachusetts.  On  March  12,  1878, 
he  purchased  the  "Diamond  F"  shop  on  Pleasant 
Street  from  James  Tucker.  This  shop,  too,  has  been 
successively  enlarged.  On  June  4,  1889,  he  purchased 
the  "  Diamond  O  "  shop  from  C.  L.  &  L.  T.  Frye  and 
added  it  to  his  already  large  plant.  The  S.  H.  Howe 
Shoe  Company,  of  which  he  is  the  president,  now 
operates   these  three  factories,  the  daily  output  being 


SIMON    H.    HOWE 


ten  thousand  pairs.  Mr.  Howe  has  been  frequently 
called  to  public  position  by  his  fellow-citizens.  He 
held  the  ofifice  of  town  selectman  in  1866,  1873,  1875 
and  1 87 7  and,  as  intimated  in  the  opening  lines  of  this 
sketch,  was  the  choice  by  an  overwhelming  majority  for 
the  position  of  the  first  mayor  of  the  new  city.  He 
served  in  that  capacity  for  one  year,  retiring  with  the 
respect  of  all  citizens.  Mr.  Howe  was  for  a  long  time 
chairman  of  the  School  Committee  of  the  town.     He 

represented   the 
district  in  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts   Legislature 
in    1877.      In    the 
commercial   life  of 
Marlborough,      M  r . 
Howe  has  ever  been 
prominent.     He  was 
elected  trustee  of  the 
Marlborough  Savings 
Bank  in  1875,  and  in 
1882    was  c  h  o's  en 
president  of  that  in- 
stitution.     He    was, 
in   1879,  one  of  the 
original      incorpora- 
tors of  the    People's 
National    Bank,   and 
has    always  been    on 
the   Board  of  Direc- 
tors thereof.    Jan.  i, 
1857,   he    was    mar- 
ried to    Harriet    A . 
Brigham.     Four  chil- 
dren   are    the   result 
of    this    union^     the 
eldest,  Louis  P.,  be- 
ing vice-president  of 
the    corporation 
which    bears    his 
father's  name.     Mr.  Howe   has  always  been  a   promi- 
nent member   of   the  Unitarian  church,  standing  high 
in  its  councils  and  doing  much   to  further  its  interests. 
He  stands  to-day  the  foremost  citizen  of  Marlborough, 
the  one  to  whose  business  energy,  as  much  as  to  any 
other  cause,  is  due  her  material  prosperity.      The  man 
who  supplies  the  world  with  sixtv  thousand  pairs  of  shoes 
a  week,  and  finds  time   to  devote  to  public   interests, 
commands  the  respect  of  his  fellow-men. 


EVERP^TT  is,  with  but  one  exception,  the  youngest  city  in  the  State.  Only  during  the  present  year  has  it 
secured  a  city  charter,  and  become  an  incorporated  municipality,  ranking  twenty-ninth  in  the  list  of  Massa- 
chusetts cities.  But  Everett  is  one  of  the  growing  and  most  prosperous  communities  in  the  State.  In  the 
past  ten  years  the  growth  has  been  phenomenal,  yet  of  a  solid,  substantial  character.  The  population  of  Everett 
is  now  about  15,000.  According  to  the  census  of  1880  the  population  was  4,159,  while  in  1890  the  population 
was  11,068,  an  increase  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-six  per  cent,  the  highest  of  any  city  or  town  in  the  State. 

The  history  of  Everett  as  a  distinct  community  dates  only  from  1870,  when  it  was  separated  from  Maiden 
and  named  in  honor  of  the  orator,  Edward  F>erett.  By  an  act  of  the  Legislature  on  March  9,  1870,  that  part  of 
Maiden  known  as  South  Maiden,  with  2,220  inhabitants,  was  allowed  to  become  a  separate  town.  For  more  than 
a  quarter  century  before,  the  citizens  of  South  Maiden  had  agitated  the  question  of  separation,  and  up  to  1870  had 
made  seven  ineffectual  attempts  to  get  legislative  consent.  Maiden  stoutly  and  persistently  opposed  the  division, 
but  as  the  two  communities  had  little  of  common  interest,  South  Maiden  labored  unwillingly  under  the  yoke.  So 
when  the  division  bill  was  passed,  there  was  great  rejoicing  in  the  town,  and  a  celebration  on  an  extensive  scale 
was  indulged  in,  with  a  banquet,  speeches,  music  and  fireworks.  However,  the  new  town  soon  found  it  had  nearly 
e\erything  to  create  for  itself.  Its  educational  facilities  were  poor,  its  school  buildings  destitute  of  modern 
conveniences,  its  streets  and  sidewalks  in  wretched  condition  ;  it  had  no  water  supply,  and  only  an  old-fashioned 
hand  engine  to  put  out  fires. 

In  the  twenty-three  years  of  its  existence,  E\erett  has  wholly  reconstructed  its  school  accommodations,  and 
with  the  completion  of  the  new  high-school  building,  which  will  cost  over  ^60,000,  it  will  have  eight  large,  conven- 
ient and  well-ventilated  school-houses,  representing  an  outlay  of  more  than  ^190,000.  It  has  expended  for  the 
maintenance  of  its  schools,  $397,000  ;  for  streets  and  sidewalks,  §327,000  :  for  its  water  works,  8260,000  :  and  for 
sewers,  $107,000.  'I'hrough  the  liberality  of  two  former  citizens,  the  city  is  soon  to  have  two  public  library  build- 
ings. The  sum  of  Sio,ooo  was  bequeathed  by  William  Shute,  of  Lynn,  for  a  building  in  the  Glendale  district,  and  a 
lot  of  land  in  Everett  Square,  valued  at  more  than  $6,000,  has  been  presented  to  the  town  by  Albert  N.  Parlin,  who 
is  also  to  give  $5,000  toward  the  erection  of  the  building. 

The  acreage  of  Everett  has  manv  times  been  the  subject  of  dispute.  In  1632  the  English  and  Indians  had 
serious  trouble  in  regard  to  it,  but  it  was  happily  ended  by  the  death  of  the  Indian  chief  Wonohaquahan,  or 
Sagamore  John.  The  following  year  the  territory  between  Island  End  Ri\erand  Maiden  River,  "  and  soe  vpp 
into  the  country,"  was  granted  to  Charlestovvn.  Five  years  later  a  division  of  Mystic-side  lands,  composing  what 
is  now  Everett  and  Maiden,  was  made,  and  a  large  tract  was  set  apart  for  "  desirable  persons,"  and  for  "  such 
persons  as  may  come  with  another  minister."  In  1640  the  penny  ferry,  which  continued  one  hundred  and  forty- 
seven  years,  was  established,  running  from  a  point  near  the  present  Maiden  Bridge  to  Charlestown,  being  super- 
seded by  the  Maiden  Bridge.  It  is  recorded  in  1643  that  Thomas  Caule  "  dwelleth  by  the  water  at  the  Ferry  place 
on  mystick  side,  many  ])eople  having  occasion  to  come  that  way,"  and  he  did  "  hmiibly  request  leave  to  sell  bread, 
beare,  and  other  victualling  for  the  refreshing  of  such." 

In  contrast  with  the  spirit  displayed  at  that  early  day,  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  since  the  passage  of  the 
local  option  law  not  a  single  license  for  the  sale  of  lii|uors  has  been  granted  in  the  town.  In  1649  Maiden  was 
sejjarated  from  Charlestown,  but  the  latter  town  retained,  until  1726,  the  southern  ])art,  comprising  more  than  half 
of  what  is  now  Everett,  and  still  retains  a  narrow  strip  near  Maiden  Bridge,  on  which  is  located  the  Charlestown 
(Boston)  almshouse.  Everett  has  become  noted  for  its  s|)rings  of  remarkably  ])ure  water,  and  enormous  quantities 
are  annually  supplied  to  neighboring  cities. 

The  manufactures  of  E\erett  include  acids  and  chemicals,  bicycles,  furniture,  worsted  goods,  iron  foundings 
and  roofing  materials.     Woodlawn,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  cemeteries  in  Massachusetts,  is  located  in  E\erett. 


EVERETT. 


529 


AMOS  STONE  has  for  half  a  century  been  one  of 
the  prominent  financiers  in  Middlesex  County, 
and  to-day,  at  the  age  of  seventy-six,  holds  more  respon- 
sible positions  than  any  man  of  his  years  in  the  county. 
He  is  president  of  the  Charlestown  Sa\ings  Bank,  which 
was  organized  in  1854,  with  his  brother  as  president 
and  himself  as  tieasurer  and  trustee,  and  he  continued 
as  such  till  the  death  of  his  brother  in  1891,  when  he 
succeeded  to  the  presidency.  The  bank  has  deposits 
exceeding  §5,000,- 
000.  He  is  presi- 
dent of  the  Monu- 
ment National  Bank, 
with  which  he  has 
been  connected 
twenty  years.  He  is 
president,  and  was 
one  of  the  incorpo- 
rators in  1 86 1,  of  the 
Mutiial  Protection 
Fire  Insurance  Com- 
pany, and  for  more 
than  twenty  years  he 
was  clerk  and  treas- 
urer of  the  Mystic 
River  Company,  a 
large  landed  corpo- 
ration. Shortly  after 
Everett  became  in- 
corporated as  a  town 
Mr.  Stone  mo\  ed 
there,  where  he  con- 
tinues to  reside.  A 
few  'years  ago,  when 
the  town  was  agitat- 
ing the  important 
question  of  a  system 
of  sewerage,  Mr. 
Stone  was  appointed 
on     the     committee 

and  made  its  chairman,  to  investigate  the  matter.  The 
committee's  report  was  prepared  by  him,  submitted  to 
the  town,  adopted,  and  of  the  commission  appointed 
to  carry  out  the  committee's  recommendations,  he  was 
made  chairman.  Mr.  Stone  was  elected  on  the  first 
road  commission  in  1889,  the  first  and  only  elective 
office  he  ever  held  in  the  town.  He  was  married  in 
1866  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Mills.  He  became  a  Freemason 
in  early  life,  and  now  is  treasurer  of  two  Masonic  lodges. 


AMOS    STONE. 


Mr.  Stone  was  born  in  Weare,  N.  H.,  Aug.  16,  1816,  and 
is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Rev.  Samuel  Stone,  who  came 
to  this  country  from  England  in  1633.  When  eight 
years  of  age  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  and  there  attended  the  public  schools  till 
the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  entered  his  father's  grocery 
store.  On  attaining  his  majority  he  engaged  in  the  real 
estate  business,  in  which  he  is  still  interested.  In  1847, 
when  Charlestown  became  a  city,  Mr.  Stone  was  elected 

its  first  treasurer  and 
collector,  holding  the 
positions  eight  vears. 
In  1855  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of 
Middlesex  County, 
and  for  the  long 
period  of  thirty 
years  continued  in 
that  capacity,  doing 
the  enormous  work 
of  the  office  without 
any  assistance. 
When  his  thirty 
years  of  service  were 
completed  he  d  e  - 
clined  a  re-election, 
and  the  convention 
which  nominated  his 
successor  adopted 
resolutions  com- 
mending his  faithful- 
ness, courtesy  and 
financial  ability. 
When  the  Civil  War 
broke  out  Mr.  Stone 

became  one    of  -the 

stanchest  supporters 
of  the  government, 
and  his  time  and 
means  were  used  in 
his  country's  behalf.  Being  debarred  from  active  mili- 
tary duty  on  account  of  age,  he  sent  two  recruits  to  the 
front,  and  was  one  of  twenty-one  citizens  who  bore  the 
expenses  of  sending  to  the  seat  of  war  the  first  three 
companies  from  Charlestown.  All  his  life  he  has  been 
a  hard  worker,  for  years  putting  in  sixteen  hours  a  day 
in  his  office  duties.  His  capacity  for  work  is  still  ap- 
parently undiminished,  and  at  the  age  of  nearly  four- 
score he  is  vigorous  as  ever. 


530 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


GEORGE  EDWIN  SMITH    is   one   of    the    most 
prominent  men  in  the  new  city  of  Everett,  where 
he  has  resided  for  the  last  fifteen  years.     He  was  born 
in  New  Hampton,  Belknap  County,  N.  H.,  on  April  5, 
1849,  being  the  son  of  David  H.  and  Esther   (Perkins) 
Smith.     His  early  education  was  gained  in  the  common 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  he  was  fitted  for  college 
in  Nichol's  Latin  School,  at  Lewiston,  Me.,  and  in  the 
New    Hampton    Literary   Institute.     He    then    entered 
Bates    College   at 
Lewiston,  Me.,  from 
whicli  he  was  gradu- 
ated   with      high 
honors   in    the    class 
of  1873.     His  tastes 
were    for    the    legal 
]5rofession,    and    h  e 
at  once  commenced 
the  study  of   law  in 
the    office   of    Hon. 
William    P.    Frye, 
now     a      Ignited 
States   Senator   from 
Maine,    of  the    legal 
firm  of  Frye,  Cotton 
&  White,    in    Lewis- 
ton,  Me.     Mr.  Smith 
was  admitted  to  the 
Suffolk    County    bar 
in    Boston,    in   May, 
1875,  and  was  asso- 
ciated    in     business 
with  the  late  Horace 
R.  Cheney,  I^sq.     In 
December    of     1876 
Mr.     Cheney     died, 
and   Mr.    Smith    as- 
sumed  the    business 
of  the  firm   and   still 
carries  it  on,  stand- 
ing  very    high    in  his    profession.     Early    in    his    legal 
career  he  developed  a  marked  aptitude  for  the  calling, 
and  has  made  himself   thorough  master  of   its  details. 
Mr.  Smith  has  taken  only  a  small  part  in  politics,  though 
in  1883,  by  his  constituents  of  the  Eighth   Middlesex 
District,  which  comprised  Maiden  and  Everett,  he  was 
sent  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature.     He  was 
re-elected  in  1884  by  an  increased  majority.     In    1892 
he  was  a  candidate  for  mayor  of  Everett,  the  town  hav- 


GEORGE    E.    SMITH 


ing  become  a  city  in  that  year.  Since  taking  up  his 
residence  in  Everett,  Mr.  Smith  has  taken  a  deep  inter- 
est in  its  welfare,  and  being  well  informed  in  municipal 
and  State  affairs,  has  done  much  to  promote  the  good 
of  the  town  and  city,  and  of  its  citizens.  For  ten  years 
he  served  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Public  Library 
and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the 
town  last  January  to  procure  a  city  charter.  He  has 
also    served  on  the  School   Board.     He  was  jirominent 

in  the  committee  of 
the  town    to  secure  a 
system    of  sewerage, 
and   aside   from    his 
private    business    he 
has     always     been 
ready    to  assist  in 
every  public    under- 
t  a  king.      In    1879 
Mr.     Smith     was 
elected,  by  the  alum- 
ni, a  member  of  the 
Board    of  Overseers 
of  Bates  College,  and 
in    I  8  8  4   h  e     was 
chosen,    by  the  cor- 
poration,   a  member 
of     the     Pioard     of 
President    and    Fel- 
lows   of      the    same 
institution.     He  is  a 
member  of  Palestine 
Lodge     of     Masons, 
of    Everett,    and    is 
president     of      the 
Glendon    Chib,     the 
leading  social  organ- 
ization of    that  city. 
Mr.  Smith  was  mar- 
ried at  West  Buxton, 
Me.,    on    Oct.    31, 
1876,  to  Sarah  F.,  daughter  of  Hon.  Charles    E.    and 
Eliza    (Allen)    Weld.      They    have    one    child,   Theo- 
dosia   Weld    Smith.     In  all    the    various    capacities    in 
which  Mr.  Smith  has  served  the  town  of   Everett,  his 
work  has  been  most  valuable  and  fruitful  on  account  of 
the  conscientious  care  and  attention  to  detail  which  he 
gives  to  every  undertaking.      In  the  social,  as  well  as 
the    business   life  of  the    young   city,  he  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  figures. 


EVERETT. 


S3I 


JOHN  C.  SPOFFORD  is  best  known  throughout  the 
country  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  architects  that 
planned  the  additions  to  the  capitol  buildings  of  Maine 
and  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Spofford  was  born  in  Webster, 
.Androscoggin  County,  Me.,  Nov.  25,  1854.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  at  Monmouth  (Me.)  .Academy,  the  Maine 
Wesleyan  Seminary  at  Kent's  Hill,  and  at  the  Lewiston 
Busine.ss  College,  of  which  he  was  for  some  time  prin- 
cipal. Naturally  of 
a  mechanical  turn  of 
mind,  he  spent  con- 
siderable time  at  the 
carpenter's  and  ma- 
son's trades,  and  the 
knowledge  and  e  x  - 
perience  there  gained 
have  been  of  great 
service  to  him  in  his 
profession.  In  1879 
he  entered  the  office 
of  Henry  J.  Preston, 
architect,  of  Boston, 
spending  some  fifteen 
months  in  the  study 
of  the  rudiments  of 
architecture.  In  Feb 
ruary,  1881,  he  en- 
tered the  office  of 
.Sturgis  &  Brigham, 
one  of  Boston's  lead- 
ing architectural 
firms.  ^Vhile  in  the 
employ  of  this  firm 
xMr.  Spofford  had 
charge  of  t  he  co  n- 
struction  of  several 
important  public 
buildings  and  private 
residences,    among 

which  were  the  Massachusetts  Hospital  Life  Insurance 
Company's  building,  50  State  Street,  Boston,  and  the  resi- 
dence of  H.  H.  Rogers  in  New  York,  one  of  the  Standard 
Oil  kings.  In  1886  the  firm  of  Sturgis  &  Brigham  was 
dissolved,  and  in  the  following  year  Mr.  Spofford  formed 
a  partnership  with  Willard  M.  Bacon,  the  firm  taking 
the  name  of  Spofford  &  Bacon.  A  year  later  Mr.  Spof- 
ford united  with  Charles  Brigham,  who  had  been  the 
junior   member   of    the    firm   of    Sturgis    &    Brigham. 


JOHN    C.  SPOFFORD 


Messrs.  Brigham  &  Spofford  became  widely  and  fa\or- 
ably  known  through  the  high  class  of  buildings  of  which 
they  were  the  architects.  Some  examples  of  their 
architecture  are  the  additions  to  the  Maine  and  Massa- 
chusetts capitol  buildings,  the  City  Hall  at  Lewiston,  and 
the  Memorial  Hall  at  Belfast,  Me.  ;  the  Massachusetts 
Hospital  for  Inebriates  and  Dipsomaniacs  at  Foxboro' ; 
the  Roxbury  Presbyterian  Church  ;  the  Town  Hall  and 
the  Public  Library  building  at  Fair  Haven,  Mass.     The 

firm  of  Brigham  & 
Spofford  dissolved  in 
February,  1892,  Mr. 
Spofford  selling  out 
to  his  partner,  and 
starting  anew  in  the 
John  Hancock  Build- 
ing on  Devonshire 
Street,  Boston,  where 
he  is  rapidly  acquir- 
ing a  large  amount 
ofbusiness.  Mr. 
Spofford  is  a  direct 
descendant  of  John 
Spofford  who  settled 
in  Rowley,  now 
Georgetown,  in  1638. 
Hs  is  also  a  direct 
descendant  of  John 
Wentworth,  who  held 
the  lieutenant-gov- 
ernorship of  New 
Hampshire  from 
17  I  7  to  1730  by  ap- 
pointment of  Queen 
Anne.  Captain  John 
Wentworth,  the  great- 
grandfather of  Mr. 
Spofford's  grand- 
father fought  on  the 
Plains  of  Abraham  at 
the  battle  of  Quebec,  and  was  one  of  the  soldiers  who 
carried  Wolfe  to  the  rock  beside  which  he  died.  In 
July,  1 88 1,  Mr.  Spofford  married  Miss  Ella  M.  Fuller, 
of  Turner,  Me.,  and  to  them  has  been  born  one  child, 
Mabel  Fuller  Spofford.  Mr.  Spofford  is  a  prominent 
figure  in  the  social  and  political  circles  of  the  town,  and 
is  a  member  of  numerous  social,  political  and  secret 
societies  and  clubs.  He  has  never  aspired  to  political 
office. 


532 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


DUDLEY    PERKINS   BAILEY    is  a  lawyer,  and  a 
member  of   the   first  City  Council   of   the   new 
city  of  Everett.    He  is  a  son  of    Rev.  Dudley  P.  and 
Hannah  B.  "Bailey,  and  was  born  in  Cornville,  Me.,  C)ct. 
24,  1843.     His  father  was  a  descendant  of  John  Alden 
and    Priscilla,    and    his    mother   of     Robert   Cushman, 
another  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers.     He  was  educated  at 
Monson   Academy   and    Colby   University.      While    at 
college  he  took  great  interest  in  the  study  of  political 
economy,    of    which 
he   has    ever     since 
been   an  industrious 
student,  so  far  as  the 
demands  of  an  exact- 
ing profession  would 
allow.     In    1868    he 
received     the    prize 
offered  by  the  Ameri- 
can   Free  Trade 
League    to  under- 
graduates in  Ameri- 
can colleges  for  the 
best    essay    on    free 
trade.     He  left   col- 
lege  at   the    end   of 
the    junior  year,  but 
in  1877  received  his 
degree    in  course  as 
member  of  the  class 
of  1867.   After  study- 
ing  law   with    Hon. 
William    L.  Putnam, 
now  one  of  the  judges 
of  the  United  States 
Circuit    Court,    he 
was    admitted    to 
the  bar   at  Portland, 
Me.,  in   1870.     Two 
years  later  he  located 
in    Everett,  and  has 

since  that  time  been  closely  identified  with  its  varied 
material,  educational  and  religious  interests.  For  four- 
teen years  he  was  a  member  of  the  School  Committee, 
was  chairman  five  years,  and  was  always  an  acti\e  and 
progressive  member.  He  was  one  of  the  i)ioneers  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Everett  Public  Library,  has 
always  been  a  trustee  and  is  now  its  chairman.  In 
1886-87  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  House 
of  Representatives,  and  was  instrumental  in  securing  the 


DUDLEY    P.    BAILEY 


revision  and  codification  of  the  laws  for  the  collection 
of  taxes.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  contributor  to 
magazines,  among  his  articles  being  "  An  Historical 
Sketch  of  Banking  in  Massachusetts,"  "Austrian  Paper 
Money  in  the  Panic  of  1873,"  "The  Commerce  and 
Currency  of  Cuba,"  "  The  Credit  Institutions  of  Italy." 
Some  of  these  articles  have  been  reprinted  in  pamphlet 
form  and  have  attracted  attention  in  financial  circles  in 
this  country  and  Europe  on  account  of  the  extent  and 

completeness  of  their 
statistical      informa- 
tion.    For    the    past 
six  years  he  has  gen- 
erally   been    elected 
moderator  of  the 
town    meetings,  and 
was  one  of  the  com- 
mittee   to    frame    a 
city  charter  and  pro- 
cure its  passage.  He 
is    a    m  ember    of 
Palestine    Lodge    of 
Freemasons    and   of 
the  Royal  Arch  Chaji- 
ter  of  the  Tabernacle. 
H  e    was    the    first 
president  of    the 
Pine   Tree    Club    of 
Everett,  a  life  mem- 
ber of  the  Massachu- 
setts Baptist  Conven- 
tion,   and     has     for 
three  years  past  been 
a  member  of  the  Fi- 
nance Commitee  and 
the  attorney  of  that 
corporation.      He   is 
a  trustee  of  the  Ev- 
erett   Savings    Bank. 
He    has   been  treas- 
urer of  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Everett  since  1878, 
and  was  one  of   the  pioneers  in  establishing  the  ( Hen- 
dale  Baptist  Church  of  Everett.     With  all  these  activi- 
ties and  with  an  office  in  both  Everett  and  Boston,  Mr. 
Bailey  is  a  very  busy  man,  and  the  light  in  his  office  is 
usually  the  last  to  be  put  out  in  Everett  Square.     Mr. 
Bailey  has  invested  quite  largely  in  Everett  real  estate 
and  is  a  heavy  taxpayer.     He  is  still  an  eager  student 
and  has  probably  the  largest  private  library  in  town. 


EVERETT. 


533 


JOHN  D.  HENDERSON  is  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  Henderson  Brothers,  builders,  who  have  in  the 
past  ten  years  built  more  than  seven  hundred  houses  in 
Everett.  In  the  rapid  development  of  property  in  the 
town,  Mr.  Henderson  has  taken  a  prominent  and  impor- 
tant part.  Mr.  Henderson  is  now  ( 1892)  on  the  Board  of 
Selectmen,  was  elected  its  chairman,  but  having  last 
year  served  in  that  position  he  declined  in  favor  of 
another.  Mr.  Henderson  was  born  in  the  little  town  of 
Gatehouse,  in  the 
southern  part  of 
Scotland,  on  Oct.  27, 
1849.  He  received 
his  tuition  in  a  pri- 
vate school,  and 
when  about  fourteen 
years  of  age  was 
apprenticed  to  learn 
the  trade  of  a  car- 
penter. After  serv- 
ing an  apprenticeship 
of  five  years  he  left 
Scotlan<l  and  came 
to  Boston.  His 
abilities  as  a  me- 
chanic were  soon 
recognized,  and  in 
less  than  a  year  he 
was  employed  as 
foreman  by  Henry  F. 
Durant,  who  built  the 
famous  women's  col- 
lege buildings  at 
W  e  1 1  e  s  1  e  y,  Mass. 
While  Mr.  Hender- 
son continued  with 
Mr.  Durant  he  super- 
intended this  con- 
tract  as  well  as 
several    other    large 

buildings.  In  1872  Mr.  Henderson  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  an  older  brother,  James  M.  Henderson,  as 
builders.  The  two  young  men  removed  to  Everett  and 
began  in  the  line  of  business  thev  have  since  followed. 
They  bought  a  tract  of  land  and  began  the  erection  of 
moderate  cost  houses  to  be  sold  on  easy  terms.  They 
were  among  the  pioneers  in  this  line  of  the  business. 
Meanwhile  the  brothers  read  diligently  the  American  and 
foreign  architectural,  building   and    other   allied    trade 


JOHN    D.    HENDERSON 


papers,  and  seized  upon  any  new  ideas  which  were  pre- 
sented. Their  first  houses  were  finished  in  a  manner 
twenty  years  ahead  of  the  average  modest  dwelling  of 
the  time,  with  such  conveniences  as  mark  the  modern 
house  of  to-day.  During  the  past  eight  years  the  firm 
have  built  an  average  exceeding  fifty  houses  a  year. 
The  firm  has  its  own  saw-mills,  planing  mills,  paint 
shops  and  lumber  yards,  complete  with  facilities  for  pre- 
paring all  the  material  used  in  constructing  their  houses. 

With  their  own  em- 
ployees the  firm 
does  every  part  of 
the  labor  required  in 
the  erection  of  a 
house,  from  the 
breaking  of  the 
ground  for  the  cellar 
to  the  time  the  house 
is  readv  for  the 
occupant.  They 
employ  from  fifty  to 
eighty  men  the  year 
through,  and  have  a 
weekly  pay-roll  of 
one  thousand  dollars. 
They  pay  taxes  on 
two  hundred  a  n  d 
fifty  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  real  estate. 
In  1891,  at  the 
annual  town  meeting, 
Mr.  Henderson  was 
elected  selectman  by 
the  largest  vote  ever 
given  a  candidate 
for  that  office  i"ii  the 
town,  and  was  made 
chairman  of  the 
board.  Last  spring 
he  received  a  r  e- 
election.  He  was  on  the  committee  which  was  success- 
ful in  securing  a  city  charter  for  the  town,  and  in  1892 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  Board  of  Aldermen 
of  Everett.  Mr.  Henderson  is  a  member  of  Palestine 
Lodge  of  Masons,  past  grand  of  Everett  Lodge  of  Odd 
Fellows,  and  a  member  of  Assawomsett  Tribe  of  Red 
Men.  Mr.  Henderson  was  married  in  1879  to  Miss 
Emily  Thring,  of  Boston,  and  to  them  has  been  born 
one  child. 


534 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


NATHANIEL  J.  MEAD  was   for  more   than   thirty 
years  a  member  of  a  firm  of  builders   and    con- 
tractors which  became  one  of  the  largest  in  New  ting- 
land,  the   firm  of  Mead,   Mason  &  Co.     To-day    every 
State  in  New  England  bears  evidences  of  the   high  class 
of  work  done  by  this  firm.     Churches,  town  halls   and 
other  public  buildings  are  scattered  all  over  the  eastern 
part   of   the    country  as  memorials     of     their   success. 
In  1854  Mr.  Mead  started  in  business  with  two  brothers 
in  Concord,  N.    H., 
the  firm  name  being 
Mead     Brothers. 
They  made  a   small 
beginning,     doing 
general  jobbing  and 
contracting.        T  w  o 
years  later  Mr.  Wil- 
liam  G.    Mason  was 
admitted  to  partner- 
ship.     In    1862  the 
the    company    p  u  r- 
chased  a   large  tract 
of  timber  land  and  a 
saw-mill    in  Warren, 
N.  H.,  and  a  wood- 
working  steam    mill 
in    Concord,  N.   H., 
thereby   greatly    en- 
larging their  business 

acilities.  Subse- 
quently the  firm 
name  was  changed 
to  Mead,  Mason  & 
Co.  From  the  start 
the  firm  prospered, 
and  in  a  few  years 
had  established  a 
successful  and  grow- 
i  n  g   business.       I  n 

1875    the    extensive 

mills  of  the  Sturtevant  Manufacturing  Company  in  Leba- 
non, N.  H.,  were  purchased  by  the  firm.  The  mills  were 
among  the  best  equipped  in  the  country  for  the  manu- 
facture of  furniture,  doors,  sashes,  blinds  and  house 
trimmings.  At  this  time  the  firm  employed  five  hun- 
dred men,  and  had  ofifices  in  Lebanon,  Concord  and 
Manchester,  in  New  Hampshire,  and  in  Boston  and 
New  York.  Among  their  many  contracts  was  the  re- 
building of  the  New  Hampshire  State  capitol.     In  1885, 


NATHANIEL  J.    MEAD 


on  account  of  ill  health,  Mr.  Mead  retired  from  the 
building  firm,  but  continued  his  interest  in  the  manu- 
facturing department.  Mr.  Mead  was  born  in  New 
Hampton,  N.  H.,  Jan.  4,  1833,  and  was  educated  at  the 
public  schools  and  at  the  New  Hampton  Institution. 
In  1856  he  married  Miss  Cynthia  A.,  daughter  of  Hon. 
David  B.  Plumer,  of  Meredith,  N.  H.  They  have 
two  children,  a  son.  Dr.  George  N.  P.  Mead,  one 
of    the  most   successful   physicians   in    Everett,  and  a 

daughter,  the  wife  of 
Mr.  F.  S.  Snyder,  of 
Everett.     After  leav- 
ing   school,    M  r. 
Mead   moved    to 
Concord,    where  he 
lived  nineteen  years, 
serving  two  terms  in 
the  city  government. 
In  1 87 1  he  made  his 
home    in     Everett, 
locating  there   as   he 
had  the  management 
of    the    rapidly    in- 
creasing business   of 
Boston  and  \icinity. 
He  served  the   town 
as  selectman  in  1880 
and  was  chairman  of 
the  board.     'Lhe  fol- 
lowing  year    he    de- 
clined a  re-election. 
Before    and    since 
that    time    h  e    has 
ser\ed   on  many  im- 
portant    town    com- 
mittees,      especially 
on  building  matters, 
where    his   a  d  v  i  c  e 
was    m  u  c  h    sought. 
He  is  in  timat  e  ly 
identified  with  the  social,  political  and  religious  interests 
of  the  town,  and  is  now  a  trustee  of  the  Everett  Sav- 
ings Bank.     During  his  whole  life  he  has  been  a  con- 
sistent   Christian,    and   for    nearly    twenty  years    has 
been  a  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  Church  in  Everett. 
He  is  one  of  the  recognized  leaders  in  all  movements 
that    have  for  their  object    the  moral  and    intellectual 
welfare    of   the  town,  and    his  name  is  a  synon\™  for 
perfect  integrity. 


JiE  VERB. 


535 


JONATHAN  STONE,  of  Revere,  is  the  best  repre- 
sentative citizen  of  that  town,  and  takes  a  deep 
interest  in  its  affairs,  believing  the  proper  management 
of  the  town's  business,  and  the  election  of  proper  town 
officers  to  be  of  more  importance  to  the  people  residing 
in  the  town  than  the  election  of  a  president  or  a  gov- 
ernor. In  the  past  sixteen  years  in  which  he  has  lived 
in  Revere,  which  is  one  of  the  many  charming  suburbs 
of  Boston,  he  has  attended  every  town  meeting,  with 
but  one  exception, 
on  that  single  occa- 
sion having  been 
detained  at  home  on 
account  of  sickness, 
—  a  devotion  to  pub- 
lic duty  such  as  is 
seldom  seen.  His 
whole  aim  is  to  pro- 
mote the  best  inter- 
ests of  Revere.  He 
has  served  one  year 
on  the  Board  of  Se- 
lectmen, three  years 
on  the  Board  of 
Health,  and  also  on 
very  many  important 
town  committees. 
.At  present  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Sewers, 
which,  in  the  year 
1892,  laid  about 
twelve  miles  of  sew- 
ers in  the  town. 
Since  Mr.  Stone  has 
lived  in  Revere  he 
has  seen  the  town 
grow  in  population 
from  sixteen  hundred 
to  six  thousand,  and 

with  a  summer  population  exceeding  ten  thousand. 
The  town  embraces  within  its  limits  a  beach  as  fine  as 
there  is  in  the  Bay  State,  and  on  a  fair  Sunday  in  sum- 
mer attracts  to  its  shores  nearly  fifty  thousand  people. 
Mr.  Stone  was  born  in  Weare,  N.  H.,  April  29,  1823, 
being  the  seventh  and  youngest  of  a  family  remarkable 
for  longevity.  His  father  died  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
six  ;  his  mother  was  over  eighty-four  when  she  died  ; 
the  eldest  son  died  at  the  age  of  eighty-one ;  the  only 


JONATHAN    STONE 


daughter  died  at  the  age  of  sixty-four  ;  and  three  of  the 
children  are  now  living,  over  seventy  years  old.  When 
but  one  year  old  Mr.  Stone's  parents  moved  to  Charles- 
town,  Mass.  His  father  engaged  in  the  grocery  and  pro- 
vision business,  and  continued  there  for  many  years,  be- 
coming widely  and  honorably  known.  He  died  in  1852. 
Jonathan  Stone  attended  the  Charlestown  public  schools, 
and  on  graduating  from  them,  in  1838,  went  to  work  in 
his  father's  store.     The  virtues  of  economy,  diligence, 

faithfulness    and 
punctuality  were  im- 
pressed   on    him    by 
his    father.     All    his 
savings  were  invested 
in   real    estate.      He 
built    manv   stores 
and     houses     in 
Charlestown,  and   is 
to-day  the  owner  of 
m  u  c  h    property   in 
that  district.      He 
retired    from    active 
business  in  1872,  and 
has  since    employed 
his  time  in  the  care 
of     his    real    estate. 
In    1872    Mr.   Stone 
was  a  member  of  the 
Common  Council  of 
Charlestown,  and   in 
the  fall  of  the  same 
year   was    elected 
mayor,  being  the  last 
man  to  hold  that  of- 
fice,   as   on    Jan.    i, 
1874,    the    cjty   was 
annexed    to    Boston. 
Mr.  Stone  moved  to 
Re\ere  in  1876,  and 
built  a  fine  residence 
on  High  Street,  which  he  still  occupies.     He  has  been 
twice  married.     His  first  wife  was  Miss  Sarah  Rebecca 
Andrews,  and  by  her  he  had  two  children.     He  after- 
wards married  Miss  Mary  L.  Andrews,  a  sister  of  his 
first  wife,  and  to  them  one  child  has  been  born.     Dur- 
ing a  long  life   of   consistent  usefulness  and   steadfast 
integrity  Mr.  Stone  has  seen  the  material  prosperity  of 
the  State,  as  well  as  its  art  and  educational  life,  steadily 
progress,  and  he  has  assisted  in  its  development. 


MEDFORD  is  the  thirtieth  and  youngest  of  Massachusetts  cities,  and  only  in  the  present  year  has  it  become 
an  incorporated  municipality,  but  it  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  State,  and  is  rich  in  romantic  Revolu- 
tionary history.  Medford  was  settled  in  1630.  It  is  situated  five  miles  from  Boston  on  the  Lowell  division  of  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  The  city  is  chiefly  residential,  and  contains  many  beautiful  and  extensive  estates. 
During  the  first  half  of  the  present  century  Medford  was  famous  for  its  shipbuilding.  The  town  was  well  situated 
for  the  business,  and  this  advantage  was  early  recognized.  Here,  on  July  4,  1631,  Governor  Winthrop  launched  his 
bark,  "  The  Blessing  of  the  Bay,"  a  vessel  of  thirty  tons.  For  a  century  and  a  half  the  business  grew  in  impor- 
tance ;  but  not  until  1800,  however,  did  the  industry  receive  the  impetus  which  brought  fame  to  the  little  town. 

From  1803  to  1854  there  were  built  at  Medford  five  hundred  thirteen  vessels,  with  a  total  tonnage  of  two 
hundred  thirty-two  thousand  two  hundred  six  tons,  and  a  valuation  of  nearly  ten  and  one-half  million  dollars.  The 
business  has  now  entirely  disappeared.  Numerous  bridges  now  cross  Mystic  River  between  Medford  and  the 
mouth,  making  a  formidable  barrier  to  this  kind  of  business.  The  famous  Middlesex  Canal,  which  connected  the 
Merrimack  River  with  Boston  Harbor  during  the  early  part  of  this  century,  passed  directly  through  Medford,  and 
many  of  the  townspeople  were  influential  in  the  canal's  construction.  Another  industry  that  has  made  Medford 
famous  is  that  of  distilling.  Medford  rum,  known  the  world  over,  is  still  manufactured  here  and  exported  in  large 
quantities. 

Some  of  the  other  manufactured  products  are  brick,  carriages,  carpets,  buttons,  crackers,  gold  leaf,  furni- 
ture, rubber  goods,  boots  and  shoes  and  knit  goods.  Medford  has  a  fine  school  system,  and  uses  a  large  high 
school  building  and  more  than  a  dozen  grammar  and  primary  school  buildings.  The  Congregational,  Baptist, 
Episcopalian,  Methodist,  Unitarian,  Universalist  and  Catholic  denominations  are  represented,  and  have  commo- 
dious edifices.  Tufts  College,  the  leading  Universalist  educational  institution  in  the  State,  is  situated  on  College 
Hill,  near  the  Somerville  line.  The  buildings  are  spacious  and  convenient.  In  the  college  museum  is  the  skeleton 
of  the  big  elephant.  Jumbo,  which  was  presented  to  the  college  by  the  late  Phineas  T.  Barnum.  The  movement 
for  founding  the  college  was  begun  in  1847.  Charles  Tufts,  of  Somerville,  gave  one  hundred  acres  of  land  for 
a  college  site,  and  in  his  honor  the  college  is  named.  The  town  has  a  public  library  building,  the  gift  of  Thatcher 
Magoun,  with  over  twelve  thousand  volumes  on  its  shelves.  .■Xmong  the  distinguished  citizens  of  iMedford  have 
been  John  Brooks,  who  was  governor  of  Massachusetts  from  1816  to  1823;  and  Matthew  Craddock,  the  first 
governor  of  the  Massachusetts  Company,  in  1841,  made  Medford  his  home  when  in  this  country,  and  built  the 
famous  house  which  to  this  day  bears  his  name.  It  was  through  this  town  that  Paul  Revere  passed  on  his 
memorable  ride  to  arouse  the  farmer  minute-men  to  action  on  the  i8th  of  .^pril,  1775.  Medford  has  borne  its 
full  share  in  furnishing  soldiers  for  the  country's  defence.  There  was  a  company  of  militia  before  the  Revolution, 
and  of  it  the  adjutant-general  said  :  "This  company  came  out  on  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  and  were  in  service  five 
days,  and  were  undoubtedly  in  the  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord."  In  the  War  of  181 2  eighteen  Medford 
men  enlisted,  three  of  whom  were  killed  in  battle.  There  were  seven  hundred  and  seventy  soldiers  enlisted  from 
the  town  for  service  in  the  Civil  War,  and  to  their  honored  memory  has  been  erected  a  suitable  monument. 

In  1890  the  population  of  Medford  was  11,079,  and  during  the  past  two  years  it  has  increased  to  nearly 
13,000.  The  valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate  in  1892  was  Si  1,250,000.  The  new  city  council  is  composed 
of  a  mayor,  a  Board  of  Aldermen  of  six  members  and  a  Common  Council  of  eighteen  members.  Medford  is  the 
only  city  in  the  State  that  elects  its  mayor  biennially.  Aldermen  are  also  elected  for  terms  of  two  years,  the 
terms  of  one  half  the  members  expiring  annually.     The  councilmen  are  elected  for  terms  of  one  year. 


MEDFORD. 


537 


SAMUEL  CROCKER  LAWRENCE,  the  first  mayor 
of    the   city  of   Medford,  was    born    in    Medford 
Nov.    22,     1832,    the    son   of    Daniel    and    Elizabeth 
(Crocker)  Lawrence.     Obtaining  his  early  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  town  and  in  Lawrence 
Academy,  Groton,  he  was  graduated  from  Harvard  with 
honors  in  the  celebrated  class  of  1855.     For  two  years 
after  graduation  he  was  partner  in  the  banking  firm  of 
Bigelow   &    Lawrence,    of    Chicago,    and    then   at   the 
request  of  his  father 
he  returned  to  Med- 
ford   to     engage    in 
business  with  him  as 
one    of    the    firm    of 
Daniel    Lawrence    & 
Sons,    distillers,    of 
which    he    has   for 
many  years  been  the 
sole  proprietor.     He 
was     commissioned 
lieutenant  in  the 
Massachusetts  Vol- 
unteer  Militia    i  n 

1855,  captain     i  n 

1856,  major  in 
1859,  and  in  i86o 
colonel  of  the  Fifth 
Regiment  of  Massa- 
chusetts Militia, 
which  was  one  of  the 
first  regiments  in  the 
country  to  volunteer 
for  service  when  the 
war  broke  out.  He 
tendered  his  regi- 
ment to  Governor 
Andrew  on  the  15  th 
of  April,  1 86 1,  and 
on  the  igth  was  or- 
dered  to    report  for 

duty.  His  regiment  fought  with  credit  in  the  first  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  where  Colonel  Lawrence  was  severely 
wounded.  In  June,  1862,  he  was  commissioned  briga- 
dier-general in  the  Massachusetts  Militia,  which  rank  he 
resigned  in  August,  1864.  A  term  of  service  as  com- 
mander of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Com- 
pany, in  1869,  closed  his  meritorious  career  as  a  soldier. 
On  the  financial  shipwreck  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  in 
187s,  General   Lawrence  was   chosen  president  of  the 


bAMUEL   C.    LAWRENCE 


company,  and  was  eminently  successful  in  keeping  the 
property  intact,  and  harmonizing  the  creditors  and 
shareholders  into  arrangements  which  saved  their  inter- 
ests from  the  devastation  of  a  struggle  in  bankruptcy 
and  the  valuable  leaseholds  of  the  company  from  dis- 
ruption. It  is  one  of  the  few  instances  in  which  a  rail- 
road corporation  in  a  condition  of  temporary  insolvency 
has  been  saved  from  the  hands  of  the  spoiler.  General 
Lawrence  has  been  a  zealous  worker  for  the  interests  of 

the    Masonic    frater- 
nity,  and    has   been 
repeatedly     honored 
by    election     to     its 
highest     offices.      A 
characteristic  feature 
of  his  Masonic  labor 
has  been   the  estab- 
lishment  of    perma- 
nent charitable  funds 
in    every   body   with 
which    he    has   been 
associated     in     the 
working  offices.     He 
was  three  times 
elected  Grand  Master 
of  Masons  in  Massa- 
chusetts,  and  it  was 
largely    through    his 
efforts  that  the  heavy 
debt  on  the  Masonic 
Temple     in     Boston 
was    finally    paid    in 
full.       His     Masonic 
library  is  one  of  the 
most  complete  in  the 
country.     General 
Lawrence    has    a 
strong  hold  upon  the 
esteem  and  gratitude 
of    his   fellow-towns- 
men of  Medford,  for  no  man  has  done  more  to  preserve 
its  integrity,   promote   its  prosperity  and,   by   his  own 
generous  example,  ijuicken  its  charities.     In  memory  of 
the  patriotic  service  he  rendered  his  country,  the  ( Irand 
Army  Post  of  Medford  is  called  by  his  name.     On  the 
incorporation  of  Medford  as  a  city,  in  1892,  he  was,  by 
the  spontaneous  movement  of  his  fellow-citizens,  called 
to  the  chief  executive  office  as  the   first   mayor  of  the 
new  municipality. 


538 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF    TO-DAY. 


WHEN  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  out  of  the  railroad  business, 
not  many  years  ago,  and  in  disposing  of  the  stock  it  had 
held  in  various  companies,  it  was  considered  by  all  as  a 
most  fortunate  thing,  and  no  one  was  more  deservedly 
complimented  upon  the  result  than  Daniel  A.  Gleason, 
who  was  at  that  time  State  treasurer.     Mr.  Gleason  was 
born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  May  9,  1836,  the  son  of  John 
F.   and    Maria    (Tourtelotte)    Gleason.     His   ancestors 
were  among  the  first 
settlers  of  the  town 
in  1715,  the   first  of 
the    Gleason   family 
coming  to  Massachu- 
setts  from    England 
in    1652.     On    his 
mother's     side     Mr. 
Gleason  is  of  Hugue- 
not  descent.      After 
attending  the  public 
schools  of  his  native 
city,  and   fitting  for 
college  in  the  Wor- 
cester High  School, 
he   entered   Yale  in 

1852,  went  from 
there   to  Harvard  in 

1853,  and  graduated 
from  the  latter  insti- 
tution in  the  class  of 
1856.  Among  his 
classmates  were 
Charles  Francis 
Adams,  Governor 
George  D.  Robinson 
and  Judge  Smith, 
formerly  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Supreme 
Court,  but  now  pro- 
fessor in  the  Harvard 

Law  School.  After  graduation  Mr.  Gleason  taught 
school  in  Western  Pennsylvania  and  read  law.  After 
being  admitted  to  the  bar  he  returned  to  Massachu- 
setts, studied  at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  and  received 
his  degree  of  LL.  B.  in  i860.  A  year  in  the  law  office 
of  Chandler  &  Shattuck  followed,  after  which,  in  1861, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar,  and  began  practice 
in  an  office  with  ex-Attorney-General  Ste])hen  H.  Phil- 
lips.    Mr.  Gleason  edited  several  law  books  and  for  a 


DANIEL   A     GLEASON 


time  was  editor  of  the  "Law  Reporter."  In  1862  he 
became  assistant  to  Attorney-General  Foster,  remaining 
with  him  until  the  fall  of  1863.  In  1864  he  took  charge 
of  the  tax  commissioner's  office,  and  was  deputy  tax 
commissioner  and  commissioner  of  corporations  until 
1S81.  From  January  of  that  year  until  January,  1886, 
or  just  as  long  as  the  constitution  would  permit,  Mr. 
Gleason  held  the  office  of  State  treasurer.  His  adminis- 
tration   of   the   State's    finances  was   successful  in   the 

highest   degree.      It 
was  during  his  long 
term    of    office    that 
the    State    changed 
its  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad    stock    for 
bonds,   sold   out   its 
New    York    &   New 
England    stock,  and 
the   act   was    passed 
providing  for  the 
consolidation   of  the 
State's    interest  in 
the   Troy  &   Green- 
field and  the  Hoosac 
Tunnel  and  connec- 
ting lines.    Mr.  Glea- 
son also  drew  up  the 
general    corporation 
act,  which  is  now  on 
t  h  e    statute    books. 
Upon  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  office 
as  State  treasurer,  he 
resumed  the  practice 
of    law    for   a    time, 
and  in  March,  1887, 
was  elected  treasurer 
of   the    F  i  t  c  h  b  u  r  g 
Railroad     Company, 
an    office    which    he 
still  holds.     Mr.   Gleason   has   lived   in   Medford  since 
1863,  and  has  always  been  interested  in   town   affairs. 
He   served  on  the  School  Committee  from   T864  until 
1885;    was   one  of    the  commissioners   that   built    the 
water  works  in   1869,  and  is  still  on  the  board,  and  has 
been  a  trustee  of  the  savings  bank  since  it  was  estab- 
lished in  1869.     He  was  married  in  1863  to  Miss  Annie  L. 
Hall,  of    Roxbury.     They   have   five    children,  the  two 
eldest  sons  being  in  business  and  the  third  in  college. 


THE  planting  of  Lynn  in  1629,  its  interesting  colonial  life,  the  establishment  there  of  the  first  successful  iron 
works  in  America  in  1643,  the  development  of  the  town  into  the  greatest  producer  of  women's  shoes  in  the 
world,  its  becoming  a  city  in  1850,  are  matters  each  of  which  could  furnish  material  for  a  most  picturesque  illus- 
trated article. 

The  Lynn  of  to-day  representing  this  represents  so  much  more  of  recent  development  that  the  figures 
which  bear  witness  to  the  remarkable  yet  wholesome  growth  of  this  city  in  the  last  decade  are  worthy  of  profound 
attention.  These  figures,  moreover,  are  eloquent  and  reliable.  They  are  taken  from  a  "  Special  Bulletin  "  of 
Robert  P.  Porter,  superintendent  of  census,  dated  Oct.  12,  1892,  giving  statistics  of  manufactures,  1890,  for  the 
city  of  Lynn,  from  city  reports  and  from  the  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Trade  for  1892. 

But  before  devoting  the  mind  to  a  study  of  these  figures,  Lynn  Beach  and  the  Lynn  Woods  claim  their  due 
tribute  of  historic  mention.  A  brilliant  writer  says  of  them  :  "  It  is  doubtful  if  any  other  tract  of  forest  on  this  side 
the  ocean  is  so  rich  in  associations  of  this  kind  —  full  of  the  romance  of  the  primitive  days  of  witchcraft  and  piracy 
and  of  the  modern  delusion  of  spirit  revelation,  together  with  its  interest  as  the  haunt  of  various  peculiar  characters, 
while  the  early  settlers  have  left  their  traces  on  every  hand,  both  visibly  and  in  the  quaint  nomenclature  of  the 
region.  One  must  cross  to  old  Kngland,  to  the  haunts  of  Robin  Hood,  to  F2pping  Forest,  to  the  New  Forest, 
and  other  woodland  places  of  the  mother  country,  for  the  like  of  Lynn  Woods  in  these  respects." 

Lynn  has  now,  in  the  oijinion  of  those  best  qualified  to  judge,  a  population  of  over  sixty  thousand  and  the 
increase  is  going  on  at  such  a  phenomenal  rate  that  the  day  of  one  hundred  thousand  cannot  be  far  away.  Well 
known  as  Lynn  was  pre\ious  to  18S3,  especially  for  its  shoe  and  leather  industry,  the  advent  of  the  electric  busi- 
ness in  that  year  gave  it  a  fresh  impetus,  brought  new  life,  new  blood  and  new  brains,  into  the  community,  and 
made  the  city  famous  all  over  the  world.  The  great  fire,  late  in  1889,  although  looked  upon  at  first  and  for  a  long 
time  as  a  terrible  calamity,  was  really  the  turning  point  in  the  modern  history  of  the  city.  It  brought  its  people 
more  closely  together,  and,  as  it  were,  burned  out  personal  selfishness,  and  out  of  the  ashes  and  ruins  has  risen  a 
fairer  and  more  progressive  Lynn.  Aside  from  its  three  great  interests  of  shoes,  leather  and  electricity,  it  numbers 
to-day  scores  of  others  that  place  it  in  the  very  forefront  of  manufacturing  and  commercial  centres. 

The  report  of  the  inspector  of  buildings  shows  that  over  one  thousand  permits  for  new  buildings  have  been 
issued  in  the  city  within  the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1892,  or  more  than  three  for  every  working  day  in  the  year, 
including  holidays.  This,  however,  is  but  one  indication  of  Lynn's  wonderful  growth.  Others  can  be  seen  or 
found  on  every  hand.  As  a  city  it  has  increased  in  population  from  38,274  in  1880  to  55,727  in  1890,  or  45.60 
per  cent.  In  assessed  valuation  it  has  increased  from  $22,487,864  in  1880,  to  $40,721,028  in  1890,  or  74.14  per 
cent.  And,  as  some  would  claim  that  the  increase  in  a  community's  debt  is  the  best  indication  of  its  growtu,  one 
has  only  to  consider  that  the  "  net  debt  "  of  Lynn  in  1880  was  §2,072,815,  and  in  1890  it  was  $2,278,959,  or  an 
increase  of  9.95  per  cent.  It  is  probable  it  would  have  been  very  much  larger  but  for  the  law  regulating  the  bor- 
rowing limit  of  municipalities.  The  increase  in  population,  assessed \aluation,  etc.,  has  been  proportionately  greater 
since  the  census  of  1890. 

In  1880  there  were  343  establishments  of  different  kinds,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $5,894,575,  employing 
12,420  hands,  paying  $5,833,849  in  wages  and  producing  goods  valued  at  $26,828,023.  In  1890  there  were  1,343 
establishments,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $12,930,755,  employing  19,792  hands,  paying  $11,328,797  in  wages  and 
producing  goods  valued  at  $38,310,585.  The  average  annual  wages  per  hand  increased  from  $470  in  1880  to  $609 
in  1890,  or  29.57  per  cent. 

The  Thomson-Houston  Electric  Company  was  brought  to  Lynn  late  in  1883,  and  had  at  that  time  a  capital 
of  $125,000,  and  employed  less  than  one  hundred  hands.  It  represents  to-day  in  its  plant  and  business  something 
more  than  $3,000,000,  with  a  prospect  of  a  very  large  increase  within  the  next  twelve  months  upon  the  completion 
of  what  are  known  as  the  "  New  River  Works." 


540 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ELIHU    BURRITT    HAYES,  the  present  mayor  of 
Lynn,  was  born  in  West  Lebanon,  Me.,  April  26, 
1848.     He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
native  town  and  at  West  Lebanon  Academy.     At  six- 
teen he  taught  school  for  a  term  in  Farmington,  N.  H. 
The  following  year  he  came  to  Lynn  and  began  working 
in  a  shoe   factory.     With  his   savings  he   purchased   a 
periodical  and  stationery  business,  which  he  continued 
successfully  for  ten  years.     His   health  failing,  he  sold 
his  store  and  stock, 
reserving  the  whole- 
sale agency  of  daily 
and   weekly  newspa- 
pers, which    he    still 
ret  ai  n  s.     He    was 
soon    after    engaged 
as  an  editorial  writer 
upon  the  Lynn  Daily 
Bee     and     Reporter, 
and    later  became  a 
part  owner  in  these 
newspapers.     He 
disposed  of  these  in- 
terests  to    take    the 
management   of    the 
Boston  Daily  Aih-er- 
tiser  and    Boston 
Record.     He    con- 
ducted them  success- 
fully  for   the   year 
1884,  when  a  serious 
illness   obliged    him 
to   resign.     Since 
then  Mr.  Hayes  has 
been     interested     in 
real   estate    matters, 
and    in  the  manage- 
ment   of    his    news- 
paper   agency.     His 
public  career   began 

in  1883,  as  a  member  of  the  Lynn  Board  of  Aldermen. 
He  represented  Ward  Four  and  Nahant  in  the  Massa- 
chusetts Legislatures  of  1887,  1888  and  1889.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  Australian  ballot  law,  so  called,  which 
was  adopted  in  Massachusetts  in  1888,  and  has  since 
been  adopted  in  different  forms  in  thirty-five  States. 
This  was  accomplished  in  his  first  term.  The  next  year 
he  introduced  an  amendment  to  the  Massachusetts  con- 
stitution so  as  to  prevent  the  disfranchisement  of  voters 


ELIHU    B.    HAYES 


because  of  change  of  residence  from  one  town  or  city 
to  another  within  the  State  limits.  This  amendment 
passed  through  two  Legislatures  and  was  adopted  by  a 
very  large  majority  in  1890.  The  same  year  he  intro- 
duced a  bill  to  provide  a  fire-escape,  consisting  of  a 
knotted  rope  attached  to  the  window  casings  in  hotels 
and  boarding-houses.  This  has  been  the  means  of 
saving  many  lives.  In  1889  he  introduced  and  carried 
through  a  bill  providing  that  the  State  shall  gi\e  one 

hundred  dollars' 
worth  of  books  to 
each  town  in  the 
State  unprovided 
with  a  public  library. 
This  bill  has  resulted 
in  the  establishment 
of  public  libraries  in 
"Niln&saji^^  the  small  towns,  until 

^^^^^B  Massachusetts     has 

^H^v  to-day  more    public 

Mjjbr      fl^B  libraries   than    all 

"^"■^  Wmf  other   States    of   the 

,^  Union.    This  law  has 

been  adopted  and  is 
in  successful  opera- 
tion in  three  other 
States,  and  is  likely 
to  become  as  univer- 
sally adopted  as  the 
ballot  law.  Mr. Hayes 
has  always  taken  a 
very  active  interest  in 
public  matters,  being 
prominent  in  Repub- 
lican party  contests 
and  management. 
He  was  elected  mayor 
of  Lynn,  Dec.  15, 
1 89 1,  and  was  inaug- 
urated Jan.  4,  1892. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1892,  receiving  the  largest  majority 
that  any  local  candidate  ever  received.  For  nine  years 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the 
Lynn  Public  J,ibrary.  In  1873  he  married  Amy  A.  Far- 
num,  of  Lynn.  They  have  one  child,  Eugene,  and  reside 
on  New  Ocean  Street.  Those  who  really  know  Mayor 
Hayes  feel  that  his  career  has  only  just  begun,  for  his 
energy,  firmness  of  purpose  and  character,  combined 
with  courtesy,  predicate  still  greater  honors. 


LYNN. 


541 


SOME  archaeologist  has  pointed  out  the  curious  fact 
that  there    has   been    more  development   in    the 
making  of  shoes  and  in  the  shoe  industry  during  the 
last  fifty  years  than  in  the    preceding   fifty    centuries. 
Indeed,  among  Egyptian  pictures  antedating  Pharaoh, 
are  representations  of  shoemakers  working  with  all  the 
tools  and  in  the  same  fashion  as  prevailed  at  the  begin- 
ning of   our  new  industrial   epoch.     With  this    era   of 
change  and  growth  Lynn  has  been  thoroughly  identified 
by  the  enterprise  and 
intellectual      activity 
of    certain    citizens, 
and    if    her  trade  is 
now   trodden   under 
foot  by  all  the  west- 
ern   world,    she     has 
to   thank  a  few  per- 
sistent    families.     A 
n  a  m  e      hereditarily 
honorable    in    this 
story    of    Massachu- 
setts    enterprise    in 
shoe     manufacturing 
is  that  of  Breed,  and 
Francis  W.  Bieed,  of 
Lynn,  has  added   to 
the    family    lustre. 
He  was  born  in  the 
year    1846,    and    re- 
ceived   only  a   com- 
mon   school    educa- 
tion, which,  however, 
he    has    wonderfully 
increased     by    wide 
reading.     The    place 
of   his    first  employ- 
ment was  a  singularly 
responsible    position 
for  a  mere  boy,  since 
it  was  that  of   teller 

in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Lynn.  A  year  later, 
when  only  eighteen,  he  engaged  in  the  shoe  busi- 
ness, and  at  twenty-one  became  a  partner  with  Philip 
A.  Chase.  At  twenty-nine,  in  1875,  he  bought  the 
business  and  has  since  continued  it  alone,  increasing 
it  constantly.  He  has  one  large  factory  situated  in 
Lynn  and  two  in  the  country,  and  the  amount  of  his 
production  is  very  large.  The  extent  and  consequent 
e.vactingness  of  his  private  business,  nevertheless,  have 


FRANCIS    W.    BREED 


not  seemed  to  interfere  with  his  civic  and  semi-cooper- 
ative duties,  for  he  is  prominent  in  public  and  mone- 
tary affairs,  being  a  director  in  the  Eliot  National 
Bank  of  Boston,  in  the  Central  Bank  of  Lynn,  in  the 
Lynn  Institution  for  Savings,  in  the  Boston  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  in  the  Boston  Merchants'  Association  and 
in  the  Home  Market  Club.  In  the  last  two,  Mr.  Breed 
is  a  member  of  the  Flxecutive  Committee.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  New  England  Shoe  and  Leather  Asso- 
ciation. In  addi- 
tion to  a  thorough 
performance  of  so 
many  and  so  varied 
tasks,  Mr.  Breed  has 
found  time  for  a 
number  of  e  x  t  e  n- 
sive  tours  and  has 
been  in  every  coun- 
try of  Euroi:j^  and 
every  State  of  the 
Union.  He  visited 
the  Centennial,  the 
last  two  Paris  and  the 
Brussels  e  x  p  os  i- 
tions,  and  was  ap- 
pointed by  President 
Harrison  as  Massa- 
chusetts C  o  m  m  i  s- 
sioner  to  the  World's 
Columbian  Exposi- 
tion at  Chicago.  By 
the  Chicago  authori- 
ties his  singular  apti- 
tude for  official  work 
was  at  once  recog- 
nized and  h&  was 
put  on  prominent 
committees,  —  exec- 
utive, electoral  and 
legislative.  He  was 
likewise  one  of  those  chosen  to  interview  Congress  on 
the  loan  to  the  Exposition.  In  obtaining  a  site  for  a 
shoe  and  leather  building  he  rendered  great  service  to 
the  leading  industry  of  his  town,  visiting  Chicago 
several  times  for  the  purpose.  He  likewise  succeeded 
in  having  the  classification  arranged  so  as  to  put  all  the 
shoe  and  leather  exhibits  in  this  building.  Mr.  Breed 
is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  his  name  has  often  been 
mentioned  for  a  high  position  in  the  gift  of  his  party. 


542 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  motive  power  of  the  present  century  has  been 
chiefly  steam,  but  now  the  more  mysterious  force, 
electricity,   is  gradually  superseding  that  cruder  chari- 
oteer of  the  car  of  progress.     Among  the  electricians  of 
the  world  none  merits  more  attention  than  the  famous 
"  wizard  of  Swamiiscott."     Elihu  Thomson  was  born  in 
Manchester,    England,    March   29,   1853.     His   parents 
settled  in  Philadelphia  when  Elihu  was  five  years  old. 
The  boy  entered  school  at  seven,  at  eleven  was  ready 
for  the  high  school, 
but,  the  limit  being 
thirteen,  was   denied 
admission.       During 
this    enforced    idle- 
ness of  the  boy  the 
career    of    the    man 
began.     A  book  tell- 
ing how  to  make  an 
electri^  machine  fell 
into  his  hands.    With 
a   wine   bottle    for  a 
cylinder,  he  soon  had 
one  in  operation,  and 
began    experiment- 
ing.      He    followed 
this  with  more  scien- 
tific appliances,  and 
among   other   things 
made  a  Morse  tele- 
graph    circuit,    a  n  d 
used    wrapping  cord 
for    the    insulation, 
never  having  seen  an 
insulated  wire.    Soon 
after  graduation  from 
the    high    school    he 
became  an   assistant 
there,  and  when  only 
twenty-three  was 
made   full    professor 

of  chemistry  and  physics.  Here  he  formed  that  scien- 
tific fraternity  with  Professor  Houston,  now  known  to 
fame  as  the  Thomson-Houston  Electric  Company.  In 
1878  Elihu  Thomson  visited  the  Paris  Exposition.  The 
fruits  of  his  study  there  were  many  new  patents.  Next 
came  the  formation  of  a  company,  The  American  Elec- 
tric, with  headquarters  at  New  Britain.  Then  Elihu 
Thomson  resigned  his  professorships  and  became  at  a 
bound  a  practical  electrician,  and  in  1883  the  transfer 


ELIHU    THOMSON. 


to  Lynn  took  place.  The  vastness  of  this  business 
evolution  almost  rises  into  the  realm  of  imagination, 
since  it  now  represents  the  practical  application  of  over 
three  hundred  patents,  for  the  work  of  this  man,  who 
is  only  forty,  has  covered  the  widest  possible  range  of 
electrical  engineering,  and  has  necessitated  thousands 
of  experiments  in  new  fields.  Many  of  his  inventions, 
or  perhaps  original  discoveries  were  the  truer  term, 
have  gone   into  extensive  use,  and  his  high  originality 

has     been     appreci- 
ated  by    the    world. 
In     1889    he   was 
elected  president  of 
the    American  Insti- 
tute   of    Electrical 
Engineers,  and  rep- 
resented   that   body 
in    London   at     the 
British  and  American 
Congress.      France 
decorated    him    that 
same    year  with    the 
ribbon  of  the  Legion 
of    Honor,    and    the 
grand    prize    for   in- 
vention was  awarded 
to  him   at  the  Paris 
Exposition.    Vale,  in 
1890,     made     him 
M.  A.,  and  the  Elec- 
tric Metre  Competi- 
tion of  Paris  divided 
its  first  prize  between 
him    and    Dr.  Aeon. 
Professor     Thomson 
gave    his    share,  five 
thousand  francs,   to- 
wards   a    new   com- 
petition.     Such    is 
the    variety   of    Pro- 
fessor Thomson's  achievements  that  a  mere  list  would 
consume  pages.     One  of  the  most  striking  is  a  simple 
apparatus,    recently  built  on  principles    discovered    by 
himself.     This  yields   the   longest  electric   sparks  ever 
obtained,  closely  resembling  flashes  of  lightning  five  feet 
long.     The  recent  consolidation  of  the  Edison  with  the 
Thomson-Houston  Company,   as  the  General  Electric, 
has  increased  this  giant  industry.     Professor  Thomson  in 
1 884  married  Miss  Mary  L.  Peck,  and  has  three  sons. 


Z  YNN. 


543 


HENRY  A.  PEVEAR,  of  Lynn,  who  has  been  the 
president   of    the    Thomson-Houston   Company 
since  its  inception,  bears  also  the  distinction,  in  con- 
junction with  his  brother,  of  being  the  oldest  morocco 
manufacturer  in  that  city.     His  father,  Burnam  Pevear, 
learned  his  business  in  Exeter,  N.  H.,  and  moved  his 
family    to    Lynn    in    1838,  his   son,  Henry  A.,   having 
been  born  Sept.  13,  1829,  at  Tewksbury,  Mass.     From 
the  father  both  sons  acquired  a  practical  knowledge  of 
their  trade,  and  soon 
after,  1847,  they  be- 
gan    manufacturing 
morocco     on      their 
own    account.     The 
firm    was    originally 
Roberts,    Pevear    & 
Co.,  but  Mr.  Roberts 
withdrew,     and     the 
new  firm    soon   took 
that  leading  place  in 
the    business    which 
they  have  since  held, 
though    this  original 
firm,  in  1883,  divided 
into  two  firms.   Their 
first  factory   was  on 
Monroe     Street,     in 
Lynn,   and    in    1858 
they  opened  a  Bos- 
ton store  at  67  and 
69  Kilby  Street,  be- 
ing the  first  morocco 
house    in     Lynn    to 
take  that  strong  step 
forward.    In  the  year 
1859  they  employed 
only  thirty-two    per- 
sons, but  had  many 
skins  finished  in  other 
shops,    their    manu- 
facture that  year   being  103,000  goat  skins,  and   their 
sales   in   Boston,  including  sumac  and    patent   leather, 
reaching  the  satisfactory  figures  of  §96,000.     .-^bout  the 
beginning  of  the  Civil  War  the  firm  began  to  import 
South  American  goat  skins,  especially  Paytas,  and  their 
operations  rose  so  quickly  that  they  soon  reached  the 
million  mark,  and,  when   the  government  assessed  in- 
comes,   this    house    paid    the    government    the  largest 
personal  tax  of  the  morocco  business  in  Massachusetts. 


HENRY    A.    PEVEAR 


In  1864  they  built  a  large  factory  on  Boston  Street  in 
Lynn.  The  year  1883  beheld  a  dissolution  of  this  old 
firm,  or  transmutation  into  two  new  ones,  —  Pevear  & 
Co.,  that  is,  G.  K.  Pevear  and  his  sons,  taking  the  old 
factory,  the  Boston  store  at  83  High  Street  and  the 
South  American  business.  The  firm  of  Henry  A. 
Pevear  &  Sons — Frederick  S.  and  William  A.  —  took 
possession  at  this  time  of  the  new  factory  on  Boston 
Street,  a  building  50  x  200,  of  five  stories,  brick  and 

wood,   with  coloring 
house,   engines    and 
storerooms  separate. 
This    factory   stands 
on   the    spot    where 
the  celebrated  Lynn 
hermit,  George  Gray, 
lived  and  died.     To 
commemorate    this 
singular  fact,  and  to 
preserve     the     land- 
mark, they  have 
named  their  product 
"Hermit    Kid." 
They  have  a  Boston 
store     at     61     High 
Street.     The    broth- 
ers   of    the    original 
firm  have  always  held 
the  land  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Munroe  and 
Washington    streets, 
in  Lynn,  where  their 
first     factory    stood, 
and    early    in    1892 
they  built  on  it   the 
largest  block-in  Es- 
sex   County,   a   five- 
story  structure,  thor- 
oughly  modern   and 
containing     100,000 
feet  of  floor  space,     .^bout  forty  years  ago  they  built 
a   handsome   double   residence  on   Washington  Street, 
near  the  swamp  of  the  Johnson  estate.     Now  this  build- 
ing is  surrounded  by  homes  of  wealth,  and  there  are  no 
signs  left  of  the  swamp,  where  half  a  century  ago   the 
frogs  held  concert.     Henry  A.  Pevear  has  not  figured 
in  public  life  very  much,  preferring  to  confine  himself 
to   home,    church    and    business    duties  :    but  his  opin- 
ions in  city  affairs  are  naturally  sought  very  often. 


544 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


PI',RHAPS    no   man  could  have  been  selected  by  a 
jury  of    his    peers  more    truly    representative    of 
Massachusetts,  in  a  quiet  way,  than  Arthur  F.  Smith,  of 
Lynn.     He  was   born,  Jan.    6,    1835,    in    that    part    of 
Danvers  which  is  now  West  Peabody,  one  of  ten  chil- 
dren, most  of  whom  reached    maturity.     Like    all    the 
sturdy  stock  of  New  England,  he  went  to  school  and  in 
the    intervals  worked    on    the    farm.     In    the    intervals 
offering  he  learned  shoemaking,   and  when    twenty  was 
running    a   stitching 
machine.     On    the 
attainment     of  his 
majority,     1856,     he 
went    to    Lynn    and 
started  a  small  stitch- 
ing shop  on  Market 
Street,   employing 
about  twenty  hands. 
In   two    years,    with 
his    brother,   T.    E. 
Smith,   he    took   the 
Micajah  Pratt  Works 
and  employed  about 
sixty    girls.      This 
shop    was    the     first 
one    in    the   country 
ever   fitted    up   with 
steam  power  for  run- 
ning   stitching   m  a- 
chines.     In   about 
si.\  years  Mr.  Smith 
began  the   manufac- 
turing   of    the    fin- 
ished    product,    and 
the  Smith  shoes  verv 
soon  walked   to    the 
front    in   a   business 
way.     He    took   in 
as    a  par  t  n  e  r    his 
brother,   J.    N.,    and 

five  years  later  their  business  had  so  expanded  that  they 
built  a  factory  on  Oxford  Street.  Soon  after  this  ex- 
pansion, the  result  of  so  many  years  of  patience,  pru- 
dence and  persistence,  occurred  the  great  fire  of  Boston, 
and  that  colossal  catastrophe  came  near  involving  Mr. 
Smith,  like  many  others  outside  of  Boston ;  for  all  his 
customers,  with  one  exception,  failed.  During  the  three 
following  years  Mr.  Smith  confined  himself  to  a  retail 
trade,  and  he  still  retains  that  kind  of  business  in  part, 


ARTHUR    F.    SMITH 


doing  a  Western  retail  and  a  New  England  jobbing 
trade.  For  nearly  eighteen  years  he  has  been  located 
near  the  City  Hall,  where  his  business  building,  two 
hundred  and  ten  feet  by  sixty,  and  four  stories  high, 
is  situated.  Severely  simple,  externally,  and  a  model 
of  comfort  and  elegance  within,  this  edifice  stands  by 
itself,  with  no  ornamentation  save  the  plain  gold  letters, 
K.  F.  Smith,  above  its  door.  It  is  worthy  of  note,  as  a 
slight  index  to  the  thoroughness  of  Mr.  Smith's  nature, 

that  insurance  folks 
consider  this  the 
ideal  shoe  factory. 
B  u  t  Mr.  Smith's 
chief  claim,  perhaps, 
on  the  attention 
of  the  business  world 
is  his  inventive 
faculty,  and  one  of 
the  most  valuable 
results  of  this  gift  is 
is  the  Smith  Shav- 
ing Machine,  which 
is  now  in  use  abroad 
as  well  as  all  over  the 
Lfnited  States.  The 
machine  whose  place 
Mr.  Smith's  inven- 
tion took,  shaved 
the  heel  of  the  shoe, 
but  did  not  finish  it, 
and  about  eight 
years  ago,  after  many 
experiments,  Mr. 
Smith  patented  a 
machine  with  both 
these  functions.  The 
personal  life  of  Mr. 
Smith  has  been  very 
quiet.  Republican 
in  politics,  he  has 
always  avoided  the  temptations  of  office.  Married 
years  ago  to  Miss  Helen  M.  ^^'hite,  of  Lynn,  he  was 
berea\ed  of  her  companionship  ten  years  ago  and  left 
with  one  child.  In  due  course  of  time  he  was  married 
again  to  her  sister,  Miss  Martha  A.  White,  with  whom 
he  li\es  in  a  home  marked  with  quiet  elegance  and 
unostentatious  hospitality.  Though  of  a  retiring  dispo- 
sition, Arthur  F.  Smith  has  made  many  friends  and  held 
them  through  his  life  by  constant  kindness  and  courtesy. 


LYNN. 


54S 


BUSINESS  and  belles-lettres  do  not  often  go  hand  in 
hand.     The  world,  however,  has  taken  account  of 
Samuel  Rogers,  the  banker-poet  of  England  in  the  past, 
and  of  Edmund  Clarence  Stedman,  the  poet  and  banker 
of  our  time.     Not  many  people  have  heard  of  Eugene 
Barry,  though   his   name    often    appears  in   periodicals 
appended   to  verse  which   would  have  done  credit  to 
Samuel  Rogers  and  of  which  even  Stedman  need  not  be 
ashamed.     Yet  Eugene  Barry  is  known  to  most  of  his 
townsmen  and  friends 
simply  as  a  very  suc- 
cessful manufacturer 
of    morocco,    for   in 
his  modesty  he    has 
not  yet  gathered  up 
his  vagrant  verses 
into  a  book,  and  cast 
them   on  the  waters 
of    the    world.      He 
was    born    in    Lynn, 
Oct.     12,    1843,    his 
father,  Darius  Barry, 
being  then  a  promi- 
nent morocco  manu- 
facturer.    There   the 
son    attended    the 
public    schools   until 
1 85 1 ,  when  the  father 
moved    his    family 
and  business  to  Til- 
ton,  N.  H.     While  in 
New  Hampshire  the 
boy    worked   part  of 
his    time    in    the 
morocco  factory  and 
after    the    return   of 
the   family   to  Lynn, 
in    1857,  he  contin- 
ued working   in   the 
intervals    of    attend- 
ance  at  school.      Despite    such    double    duty,   Eugene 
Barry,  in  1861,  at  the  age  of  eighteen,  graduated  at  the 
Lynn  High  School  with  great  credit,  the  valedictorian 
of  his  class.     He  at  once  went  to  work  in  the  morocco 
trade  as  a  foreman,  and  soon  then  became  a  salesman, 
the  thorough  knowledge  acquired  step  by  step  as  a  boy 
proving  of  constantly   increasing  advantage   to  himself 
and  others.     In  1867  he  became  a  partner  of  Charles  (\. 
Clark,    and     five    years    later    began    business   alone. 


EUGENE    BARRY 


Through  the  long  depression  following  the  panic  of 
1873  he  gained  slowly  but  steadily  by  that  patience 
and  prudence  which  finally  compel  into  their  service  all 
the  deities  ;  for,  as  a  famous  poet  remarked  about  nine- 
teen hundred  years  ago  :  Nullum  Numcn  abest,  si  sit 
Pnidintia  pnesens.  The  many  changes,  almost  revolu- 
tions, in  tanning  methods  since  1873,  from  sumac  tan- 
nages to  those  of  gambler,  alum,  oil,  and  later  of 
chemicals,  exclusively,  have  demanded  the  utmost  skill 

and  the  closest  atten- 
tion, but  through  all 
these  changes  Mr. 
Barry  has  succeeded 
in  achieving  excel- 
lence, and  his  fine 
grades  in  morocco 
and  kid  stock  have 
gained  for  his  goods 
a  high  reputation. 
Taking  deep  interest 
in  public  affairs,  he 
has  not  sought  pre- 
ferment, and,  saving 
a  directorship  for 
many  years  in  the 
First  National  Bank 
of  Lynn  and  a  two 
years'  presidency  of 
the  Oxford  Club,  he 
has  not  held  oflice. 
.•\s  a  poet  Eugene 
Barry  is  far  above 
mediocrity.  His  ode 
for  the  dedication  of 

the  new  high  school 

of  Lynn  is  full  of 
fine  feeling  straight- 
forwardly expressed. 
His  "  Bayberry  Leaf," 
a  tristful  theme  that 
rises  into  trust,  has  a  certain  classic  simplicity,  and  a 
humorous  rhyme  called  a  "  Classic  Idyl,"  though  lack- 
ing technique  in  parts,  is  very  pleasant.  "At  the 
Palmer  House,  Chicago,"  which  appeared  in  the  Boston 
Transcript,  is  a  bit  of  blank  verse  not  unworthy  of 
Cowper.  Others  of  his  poems  are  equally  good,  and 
some  time  a  modest  little  book  containing  them  would  be 
worth  having.  It  is  pleasant  to  find  a  man  like  Mr.  Barry, 
amid  business  cares  remembering  the  eternal  verities. 


546 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WHEN  the  son  of  an  evicted  Irish  farmer  becomes 
one  of  the  most  active  men  in  a  thri\ing  city 
hke  l.ynn,  such  a  fact  impHes  character.     In  the  same 
county  where    Patrick  Collins   first  saw    the   light,  the 
famous  county  of  Cork,  and  in  the  parish  of  Carrigtvvo- 
hill,  on  Feb.  2,  1859,  was  born  Richard  Nagle,  now  the 
president  of  the  Consolidated  Adjustable  Shoe  Company 
of   Lynn.     In    1873   his    father,  driven  to  America  by 
oppression,  settled  in  Salem,  and  Richard,  the  oldest, 
went    to  work    in   a 
cotton     mill,    be- 
ginning   with  the 
wretched     salary    of 
Si. 80    per    week. 
There    he  worked 
three  years,  but  find- 
ing   no   opportunity 
for  education  he 
sought  a  position  in 
the    store    of    Almy, 
Bigelow   &   Webber. 
There  also  he  stayed 
for  three  years,  study- 
ing hard  in  his  spare 
time.     Then  he  be- 
gan to  learn  that  part 
of  the  shoe  business 
known  as  lasting,  and 
in    1885    this    ambi- 
tious    young     Irish- 
American      began 
manufacturing  shoes 
at    Salem  under  the 
firm   name  of  Nagle 
&  Condon.     He   re- 
mained   in    this   firm 
two     years    and     in  " 

1886  was  a  common 
councilman  and  a 
member  of  the  Board 

of  Health.  In  the  latter  part  of  this  year  he  went  to 
Lynn  and  took  charge  of  a  Co-operative  Shoe  Company, 
having  been  interested  ever  since  he  began  to  think  in 
the  principle  of  co-operation  as  applied  to  modern 
industry.  After  a  while  the  Taylor  Adjustable  Shoe 
attracted  his  attention,  and  early  in  1887  he  with  others 
formed  what  is  now  known  as  the  Consolidated  Adjusta- 
ble Shoe  Company.  This  large  concern  began  <iuite 
small,  but  every  year  demonstrated   the  administrative 


RICHARD    NAGLE. 


capacity  of  its  president,  Mr.  Nagle,  wlio  in  1890 
secured  a  patent  on  an  adjustable  shoe  that  retained  all 
the  valuable  features  of  the  Taylor  and  did  away  with 
the  others.  The  Taylor,  for  instance,  had  a  piece  of 
exposed  rubber  inserted  at  each  side  of  the  ball,  but  in 
the  Perfection  Adjustable  Shoe  invented  by  Mr.  Nagle 
this  rubber  is  covered  and  the  shoe  thus  rendered  far 
more  lasting.  This  is  patented  in  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  as  well  as  America.     Mr.  Nagle  has  also  ])atente(l 

a  plant   to   go   on   a 
lasting-jack,  and  has 
recently  filed  an  ap- 
'%Cfey*'    ',  plication  for  an  im- 

proved metallic  but- 
ton-f  a  s  t  e  n  e  r,  an 
invention  that  ladies 
will  appreciate. 
Such  is  the  activity 
of  Mr.  Nagle's  busi- 
ness life.  His  home 
life  was  overshad- 
owed by  the  death,  on 
•gj  June  17,  1892,  of  his 

^  wife,    who    left    him 

one  child.  His  pub- 
lic life  in  Lynn 
promises  a  success 
not  unlike  that  of  his 
business  career.  In 
1 89 1  he  was  nomi- 
nated for  alderman 
on  the  workingmen's 
ticket  which,  con- 
sidering his  short 
residence  in  the 
city,  betokened  his 
— •■  growth    in      popular 

esteem,  and  consid- 
ering that  among 
thirty  candidates  he 
ranked  thirteenth,  his  jnjlitical  beginning  may  be  reck- 
oned rather  remarkable.  \'et  is  it  remarkable,  when  we 
review  his  life,  and  see  how  this  Irish  lad,  Richard 
Nagle,  has  secured  a  home  for  his  aged  parents  and 
himself,  has  built  up  a  prosperous  business,  has  added 
to  the  comfort  of  mankind  by  his  inventions,  and  has 
become  a  representative  citizen  of  the  great  State  of 
Massachusetts.  To  the  land  that  has  sent  us  so  much 
good  material  for  citizens  let  us  give  full  credit. 


L  YNN. 


547 


WILLIAM   G.   S.    KEENE. 


N( )  account  of  Lynn  could  be  complete  without  a 
few  points  from  the  life  of  William  G.  S.  Keene, 
a  man  whose  penetrative  mind  and  strong,  though  never 
super-asserti\e,  personality,  would  have  made  him  the 
mark  of  a  good  deal  of  public  attention,  had  he  lived  in 
a  much  larger  sphere  of  civic  activity.  For,  not  merely 
wherever  the  trade  of  Lynn  spreads  the  name  of  Keene 
goes  likewise,  but  in  all  the  local  improvements,  in  the 
develo])ment  of  Lynn  into  a  great  civilized  home  as  well 
as  a  vast  workshop,  the  Keenes  for  several  generations 
have  played  their  part  —  an  increasingly  large  part  — 
with  unfailing  and  well-deserved  success.  William  G. 
S.  Keene,  who  was  born  in  Lynn,  June  lo,  1843,  was 
the  son  of  George  W.  and  Mary  A.  (Breed)  Keene. 
He  came  from  old  (Quaker  stock  on  both  sides,  and  his 
maternal  ancestry  traces  back  to  one  of  Lynn's  first 
settlers.  It  is  worthy  of  remembrance  in  connection 
with  his  Quaker  ancestry,  that  Lynn  once  contained 
more  (Quakers  than  even  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Keene's 
mother  was  a  daughter  of  the  Hon.  Isaiah  Breed,  a  well- 
known  shoe  manufacturer,  whose  tireless  enterprise 
rendered  him  a  figure  of  more  than  local  importance. 
Isaiah  was  a  long  time  the  president  of  the  Lynn 
Mechanics'  Bank,  and  one  of  the  leading  directors  of 
the  Eastern  Railroad.  The  father  of  W.  G.  S.  Keene 
was  likewise  a  shoe  manufacturer  and,  as  a  natural  mat- 
ter of  hereditary  bent  and  aptitude,  it  was  to  be  expected 
that  when  his  sons,  W.  G.  S.  and  F.  Keene,  succeeded 
to  the  business  under  the  firm  name  of  Keene  Brothers, 
they  would  continue  it  with  the  energy  and  talent  that 


solidify  past  successes  and  pave  the  way  for  fresh 
achievement.  The  career  of  W.  G.  S.  Keene  has  been 
closely  identified  with  the  material  and  intellectual 
development  of  his  native  city,  and  perhaps  the  move- 
ments of  the  very  house  where  he  was  born  illustrate 
Lynn's  growth  as  well  as  anything  else.  This  house 
originally  stood  on  or  near  the  corner  of  Exchange  and 
L'nion  streets.  But  the  pressure  of  business  caused 
Mr.  Keene,  Sr.,  to  move  it  to  the  corner  of  Willow  and 
Oxford.  In  its  place  he  built  a  brick  business  block, 
ornamental  as  well  as  commodious.  The  house  was 
removed  again  to  the  western  part  of  Franklin  Street 
(where  it  now  stands),  and  in  its  stead  another  brick 
block  was  erected,  the  beginning  of  a  series  built 
on  Willow  Street  by  this  progressive  family.  Many 
wondered  at  this  block  on  \Mllow  Street,  and  were 
tempted  to  think  that  its  builders  must  be  blockheads, 
for  the  business  tendency  then  seemed  toward  the 
central  station,  and  the  new  block  was  at  least  one 
thousand  feet  away,  and  away  from  e\ery  kind  of  busi- 
ness. But  now,  within  a  radius  of  five  hundred  feet, 
there  are  twenty-two  brick  blocks,  nearly  all  from  four 
to  six  stories.  To  those  who  have  accused  W.  G.  S. 
Keene  of  being  a  business  visionary,  this  fact  ought  to 
demonstrate  his  foresight.  But  perhaps  they  call  it  his 
good  luck,  for  to  some  minds-every  Columbus  is  ■x  vis- 
ionary till  he  has  found  his  San  Salvador,  and  often 
after  his  discovery,  is  still  reckoned  merely  an  inspired 
blunderer.  Mr.  Keene  married  Miss  Fanny  Gerry,  of 
Lynn.     His  home  is  very  attractive. 


THE  pretty  and  enterprising  town  of  Westfield  entered  upon  the  Columbian  year  with  two  marks  of  distinction. 
The  first  was  that  of  being  the  largest  town  in  Hampden  County  ;  the  second,  that  it  is  the  largest  whip 
manufacturing  community  in  the  world.  Both  have  their  value  and  both  go  to  increase  the  fame  of  the  town, 
which  is  everywhere  known  as  the  "  Whip  City." 

Westfield  was  settled  some  time  previous  to  the  year  1641,  although  there  appears  to  be  a  considerable 
difference  of  authorities  on  this  point,  and  various  dates,  embracing  the  years  between  1641  and  1662,  are  sup- 
ported by  various  arguments,  as  the  correct  time  of  settlement.  Legendary  history  says  that  it  was  the  former 
date,  and  that  a  colony  of  adventurers  from  Connecticut  were  the  earliest  settlers,  and  adds  that  they  conceded 
the  territory  to  Massachusetts  in  1649.  K"'  'he  first  really  authenticated  settlement  occurred  in  1658,  at  which 
time  a  grant  of  land  was  made  to  Thomas  Cooper,  and  this  was  followed  two  years  later  by  another  grant  to  Deacon 
Chapman.  In  1661  a  permanent  settlement  was  effected  and  a  trading  post  established.  Captain  John  Pynchon,  of 
Springfield,  being  granted  a  monopoly  of  the  fur  trade  of  the  new  settlement  by  the  General  Court.  The  fur 
trade  in  those  days  was  a  very  lucrative  one,  and  even  a  century  later  one  of  the  vastest  fortunes  now  menacing 
the  stability  of  this  Republic,  that  of  the  Astors,  had  its  foundation  laid  by  dealing  in  the  skins  of  beasts.  The 
early  inhabitants  of  Westfield,  besides  their  jieltries,  also  did  a  large  business  in  the  gathering  of  turpentine,  and 
grants  of  land  were  often  made  for  that  purpose. 

At  this  early  day  the  town  was  known  by  the  Indian  name  of  Woronoco,  but  as  the  time  for  incorporation 
drew  near,  the  residents  decided  to  change  it.  Among  the  titles  suggested  was  Streamfield,  on  account  of  the 
fact  that  the  town  was  located  between  two  streams,  —  the  Westfield  and  Little  rivers  of  the  present  day.  This 
name  was  not  selected,  however,  but  Westfield  was  chosen  instead,  because  the  town  was  almost  directly  west  of 
Boston,  and  was  at  that  time  the  most  westerly  town  in  New  England. 

The  Westfield  of  to-day  is  beautifully  situated,  geographically,  and  could  hardly  be  better  located  for  pur- 
poses of  trade.  The  site  of  the  town  is  a  level,  sandy  tract,  —  the  bed  of  an  early  lake,  —  and  is  on  the  direct 
line  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad  and  the  Holyoke  «&  Westfield 
road.  Two  rivers  run  through  the  town,  the  Westfield  dividing  the  village  almost  into  two  equal  parts.  Around 
the  northern  and  western  boundaries  of  the  town  stretch  a  line  of  low  hills,  the  highest  of  which  is  Mount  Tekoa, 
a  pretty  elevation  from  which  a  very  fine  view  of  the  surrounding  country  may  be  had.  The  town  is  a  capital 
place  for  residential  purposes,  the  streets  being  broad,  well  shaded  by  magnificent  trees,  and  lighted  at  night  by 
electric  lights.  Many  elegant  houses  grace  the  streets,  while  Park  Square,  a  beautiful  green  in  the  centre  of  the 
town,  with  its  pretty  soldiers'  monument,  adds  not  a  little  to  the  attractiveness  of  the  place. 

The  chief  business,  as  has  been  stated,  of  the  town,  lies  in  the  manufacture  of  whips,  although  the  making 
of  cigars  forms  a  large  part  of  the  town's  industrial  life.  Other  imiiortant  industries  are  the  manufacture  of  paper, 
organs,  machinery,  undertakers'  supplies,  thread  and  heating  apparatus.  The  town  has  two  national  banks  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  four  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  two  savings  banks. 

A  thing  in  which  this  town  especially  glories  is  her  educational  eminence.  Her  institutions  of  learning 
are  well  known.  The  principal  of  these  is  the  State  Normal  School,  which  in  the  year  1890  moved  into  a  new 
and  elegant  building.  This  school,  which  was  the  second  chartered  by  the  State,  was  originally  located  at  Barre, 
but  was  removed  to  Westfield  in  1844.  Designed  to  educate  young  men  and  women  as  teachers,  it  has  been  very 
successful  in  its  field,  especially  of  late  years,  and  the  teachers  drilled  in  Westfield  have  always  reflected  credit 
on  their  alma  mater.  The  Westfield  Athenaeum  is  another  institution  in  which  the  town  takes  particular  pride. 
The  Athenjeum  was  incorporated  in  1864  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  a  library  and  reading  room.  The  former 
now  has  about  eleven  thousand  volumes.  The  public  schools  of  the  city  include  high,  grammar  and  primary 
institutions. 


WESTFIELD. 


549 


JAMES   C.   GREENOUGH,    eminent   as  a  teacher, 
was  born  in  Wendell,  Mass.,   Aug.   15,  1829.     In 
i860    he    married    Jeanie    Ashley,    daughter   of    Hon. 
William  G.  Bates,  of  Westfield,  by  whom  he  had  four 
children  ;  three  of  these  are  living.     One  of  Mr.  (Ireen- 
ough's   ancestors  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of 
safety  that  provided  for  the  defence  of  Boston  at  the 
outbreak   of   the    Revolutionary   War.      Rev.    William 
Greenough,  for  fifty  years  pastor  in  Newton,  Mass.,  was 
Mr.     Greenough's 
grandfather,  and 
Ralph  Waldo  Emer- 
son was  his  kinsman. 
The  boyhood  of  Mr. 
Greenough  was  main- 
ly spent   on   a  farm 
in   Wendell    and    in 
Deerfield,    in    which 
places    he    attended 
school,    and   also    in 
Portland,  Me.     In 
the  spring  of  1854  he 
entered    Westfield 
Normal    School,    but 
in  the  autumn  taught 
a    select    school    in 
Heath,  and  the  Bea- 
con Street  Grammar 
School  in  Glouces- 
ter  during   the    win- 
ter.      He    became 
principal  of  the  high 
and  grammar  schools 
in  Rockport  in  1855, 
and  was  called  from 
thence  to  take  charge 
of  the  Hacker  Gram- 
mar School  in  Salem, 
early    in    1856.     In 
September,  1856,  Mr. 

Greenough  was  appointed  first  assistant  in  the  Westfield 
Normal  School  and  held  the  position  for  fifteen  years, 
being  absent  one  year  only  in  order  to  complete  his 
four  years'  college  course  at  Williams  College.  In 
i86g  he  declined  to  accept  the  position  of  principal  of 
the  normal  school  of  Connecticut,  and  in  187 1  a  similar 
position  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Emporia,  Kansas, 
to  which  he  had  been  unanimously  elected.  Accept- 
ing the  principalship  of  the  Rhode  Island  State  Normal 


JAMES   C.   GREENOUGH 


School,  he  opened  the  school  in  Providence  in  Septem- 
ber, 1871,  and  for  twelve  years  conducted  it  with  marked 
success.  The  school  rapidly  rose  to  the  first  rank. 
Brown  University  conferred  upon  him  an  honorary 
degree,  and  he  was  enrolled  in  its  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
chapter,  and  made  one  of  the  examining  board  of  the 
college.  During  this  period  he  had  a  full  share  of  public 
educational  work,  as  a  writer  and  lecturer.  He  was  one 
of  the  four  who,  as  teachers,  inaugurated  the  Teachers' 

School   of   Natural 
Science  in  Boston,  in 
1871.      While    in 
Rhode     Island    he 
declined    the    presi- 
dency of  Illinois  Col- 
lege and   the  unani- 
mous    call     of    the 
School  Committee  of 
Boston    to   the  posi- 
tion of  supervisor  of 
schools.     In  1883  he 
became    president 
of  the  Massachusetts 
Agricultural    College 
at  Amherst,   and  for 
three  years  directed 
the  policy  of  the  col- 
lege,   improving    its 
financial     condition, 
erecting  admirable 
buildings,     making 
important  changes  in 
its   course    of    study 
and  in  its  educational 
appliances,     and 
securing  for  the  col- 
lege a  generous   ap- 
preciation    by    the 
people  of  the    State 
On    Feb.    4,     1887 
he  entered  upon  his  duties  as  principal  of  the  Westfield 
State  Normal    School.     During  his  administration    the 
commodious  boarding  hall  has   been  much   improved, 
important  changes  have  been  made    in  the   course  of 
study,  the  standard  of  scholarship  has    been  raised,    a 
kindergarten  and   training  school  of  several  grades  has 
been  added,   and  a  school  building  costing,  including 
the  site,   $150,000  has    been    erected.      The    school's 
previous  high  reputation  has  been  welPmaintained. 


S50 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN    HOYT    LOCKWOOn    was    born    in   Troy, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  17,  1848,  and  resided  in  that  city  with 
his   parents,    Charles  N.    and   Mary    Elizabeth    (Frye) 
T.ockwood   until    his  sixteenth    year,    during   this  time 
attending   the    public    schools   and    Troy   Academy,    a 
private  institution,  in  which  he  fitted  for  college.     He 
entered  Williams  College  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  in  the 
class   of    1868,  graduating  with  the   degree   of    A.   B., 
besides  winning  the  degree  of  A.  M.  by  a  three  years' 
course  in    the   study 
of  literature.      Upon 
admission    to    col- 
lege  he  was  elected 
to  membership  in  the 
Kappa  Alpha  Frater- 
nity, the  oldest  (ireek 
letter  society  in  the 
United    S  t  a  t  e  s,  of 
which    he    has   been 
ever  since  an  enthu- 
s  i  a  s  t  i  c    member. 
After  the  completion 
of  his  course  at  Wil- 
liams,    he     enrolled 
himself,  in  the  fall  of 
1868,    as    a    student 
in    Princeton    Theo- 
logical   Seminar  y , 
graduating    in    the 
class   of    1 87 1.      He 
was    licensed    to 
preach  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  New  York, 
in  the  spring  of  1870, 
and  spent  that  sum- 
mer  in   Southern 
Minnesota,     doing 
home    missionary 
work.     During  his 
work  there  he  organ- 
ized a  Presbyterian  church  in  the  town  of  \\'ells.    Imme- 
diately after  graduating  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Canastota,  N.  Y.,  and  begun 
work  there  Sept.  i.     He  was  ordained  and  installed  by 
the  classis  of  Cayuga,  N.  Y.,  No\'.   15,  1871,  remaining 
there  until  May,  1873,  when  he  was  called  to  the   pasto- 
rate of  the    New    England    Congregational    Church   in 
Rrooklvn,  N.  \ .     He  remained  in  charge  of  the  Brook- 
lyn church  until   |an    i,  1S79.      In  A|iril  nf  that  year  he 


JOHN    H.    LOCKWOOD 


accepted  the  call  of  the  First  Congregational  Society  of 
Westfield,  and  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  church 
May  14  of  the  same  year.  During  his  pastorate,  which 
continues  at  this  writing,  the  church  has  enjoyed  a 
healthy  and  steady  growth,  and  is  one  of  the  leading 
churches  of  the  denomination  in  this  section  of  the 
State.  Rev.  Mr.  Lockwood  is  a  preacher  of  ability,  and 
delivers  his  messages  fluently  and  forcibly.  He  is  also 
deeply     interested    in    matters  local,    benevolent   and 

missionary,   and  has 
an  attractive  person- 
__  ality  that  greatly  aids 

in     drawing     people 
into     his     fold.      In 
7879  the  church  cel- 
ebrated its  bicenten- 
nial,   and    Rev.    Mr. 
Lockwood    preached 
the  historical  sermon, 
which  was  afterward 
]irinted  in  book  form. 
He  is  also  very  pop- 
ular among  his  fellow- 
workers  in  the  church 
and   in    1888   was 
chosen    president  of 
the  Connecticut 
Valley     Congrega- 
tional   Club,    an    or- 
ganization composed 
of  the   leading  Con- 
gregational  clergy- 
men and   laymen  of 
the    valley.     Outside 
of  his  pastoral  duties 
he    is    largely    inter- 
ested  in  educational 
matters.     He  has 
served  a  three  years' 
term  as   alumni   vis- 
itor at   Williams   College,  is  an  active  member  of  the 
Westfield  School  Committee,  a  trustee  of  the   Westfield 
Athenffium  and  of  the  academy  fund.     Rev.  Mr.  Lock- 
wood  is  married,  his  wife  being  Sarah    L.,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Ezra  P.  and  Sarah  M.  Bennett,   of    Danljury,  Conn., 
to  whom  he   was  united  July    rg,  1S71.      Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Lockwood  have  three  children  :  William  .A.,  who  is  now 
a   student   at    \\'illiams    College,    Annie    I-',,    and    Lucy 
I'l.  Lockwood. 


IVESTF/E/.D. 


SSI 


HOMER  BEMIS  STEVENS,  well  known  as  a  lawyer 
of  ability,  was  born  in  the  town  of   Norwich,  now 
Huntington,  Mass.,  Sept.   g,   1835.     His    parents  were 
Washington   and    Ruth   Simons    (Bemis)    Stevens,    his 
father  being  a  farmer  in  that  mountain  district.     Homer 
Bemis  Stevens  spent  his  boyhood  on  the  farm,  attending 
the  public  schools,  from  which   he  obtained   his    early 
education.     Having  completed  his  course  in  the  schools 
of  the  town,  he  began  to  teach   in  them  at  the   age  of 
fifteen,    meanwhile 
])reparing  himself  for 
a   higher   education. 
With  this  purpose  in 
view,    he    entered 
Williston     Seminary, 
at    E  a  s  t  li  a  m  p  t  o  n, 
Mass.,  where  he  de- 
voted  his   every  en- 
ergy in  fitting   him- 
self  for   entrance  at 
Williams   College. 
He  entered  this  lat- 
ter i  ns  titut  ion  in 
1853,  graduating 
four  years  later,  the 
salutatorian    of    his 
class.    Judge  Stevens 
began   the    study   of 
law  immediately  after 
leaving  college,    and 
was  admitted   to  the 
bar  of  this  State  in 
February,  1859,  ha\'- 
ing  in  the   meantime 
served   a    term   as 
principal    of    the 
Westfield    High 
School,    and  for  a 
short  time  as  teacher 
in  the  old  U'estfield 

Academy,  to  pay  in  part  the  expenses  of  his  education. 
After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  practised  his  profes- 
sion in  Boston  for  a  few  months,  but  gave  up  his  resi- 
dence there  and  moved  to  Westfield,  where  he  formed 
a  law  partnership  with  the  Hon.  E.  B.  Gillett,  under  the 
title  of  Gillett  &  Stevens.  Judge  Stevens  has  lived  in 
Westfield  for  thirty-five  years,  and  for  twenty-five  re- 
tained these  relations  with  Mr.  (iillett.  When  the  Dis- 
trict  Court  of   Western   Hampden  was  established,  in 


HOMER    B.    STEVENS. 


1886,  he  was  appointed  justice  by  the  governor,  and  has 
held  the  office  since  that  time,  the  term  being  for  life. 
Judge  Stevens,  in  his  political  faith,  is  Republican  to 
the  backbone,  and  although  he  has  never  held  any  office 
he  has  done  valiant  work  for  the  party  of  his  affiliation. 
He  has  never  cared  for  political  honors,  being  too  much 
devoted  to,  and  too  busy  with,  his  law  practice  to  seek 
them,  although  he  might  have  had  them  had  he 
so  desired.     He   was     debarred  from  enlisting    in  the 

Federal  army  during 
the  late  war  on  ac- 
count of  a  lameness 
with  which  he  has 
been  aiiflicted  since 
childhood.  Judge 
Stevens's  only 
brother  was  killed 
while  fighting  for  the 
flag.  Even  with  all 
of  the  labor  incident 
^^^  to  a  large  legal  prac- 

-^K^  tice,    Judge    Stevens 

has  found  some  time 
to  devote  to  other 
objects,  such  as  cul- 
tivating his  love  of 
m  u  s  i  c,  and  inci- 
dentally leading  a 
choir  for  twenty-five 
years.  He  has  also 
done  something  in  a 
literary  line,  although 
he  has  never  written 
any  books.  He  is 
an  ardent  admirer  of 
the  game  of  chess, 
and  spends  many  a 
pleasant  evening  in 
studying  the  differ- 
ent positions  of  the 
(]ueens,  rooks  and  bishops.  Judge  Stevens  takes  more 
than  the  ordinary  amount  of  ])leasure  and  comfort  out 
of  his  home  life.  He  married  Mariette,  daughter  of 
Moses  and  Juvenilia  Hannum,  April  10,  1861.  They 
have  an  adopted  child,  Bella  Horton  Stevens.  No  man 
in  Westfield  stands  higher  in  the  estimation  of  his  fellow- 
citizens  than  Judge  Stevens.  He  is  appreciated  for 
his  genial  and  sociable  nature  as  well  as  for  his  many 
attainments  of  an  intellectual  character. 


55^ 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


ARTHUR  S.  KNEIL,  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Mary 
(Bush)    Kneil,    was   born    in   Westfield,  May   6, 
1 86 1,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  that  town  since  that 
period  except  during  the    time    spent  at    school  away 
from  home.     Mr.  Kneil  is  a  lawyer  by  profession  and, 
although  one  of  the  younger  members  of  the  Hampden 
County   bar,    he    has  already  built   up   a   considerable 
practice  in  his  own  town  and  is  reckoned  an  advocate 
and    counsellor   of   more    than    ordinary   ability.      His 
earlier  school-days 
were    spent   within 
the   confines   of  the 
public  schools  of  his 
native    town,    where 
he  fitted  himself  for 
college.     Graduating 
from    these,    he    en- 
tered Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity   at     Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  in   the 
class  of  1883.    While 
a  student  in  the  uni- 
versity he   became  a 
member   of    the   Psi 
U  p  s  i  1  o  n  Fraternity. 
Graduating  from 
Wesleyan,  he  entered 
upon  a    course  of 
study  in  the  Boston 
University  School  of 
Law   and   graduated 
from  that  institution 
in  1885  with  the  de- 
gree  of   magna    cum 
laiule   to    his  credit. 
He  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession 
during  the  following 
year,  opening  an  of- 
fice in  W  est  fi  eld, 

where  he  has  practised  continuously  ever  since.  Mr. 
Kneil  is  also  a  member  of  the  Suffolk  County  bar,  and  is 
the  attorney  for  the  town  of  Westfield.  From  1886  to 
1 89 1,  inclusive,  he  was  clerk  in  the  District  Court  of 
Western  Hampden.  While  his  practice  occupies  the 
greater  part  of  his  time,  Mr.  Kneil  finds  opportunity  to 
devote  some  of  his  energies  to  other  matters,  and 
appears  to  be  as  successful  in  the  civil  walks  of  life  as  in 
his  profession.     Among  other  offices  that  he  holds  is 


the  vice-presidency  of  the  Business  Men's  Association 
of  Westfield,  an  organization  having  on  its  roll  of  mem- 
bership nearly  all  of  the  leading  citizens  of  the  town.  He 
is  also  the  clerk  of  the  Pine  Hill  Cemetery  Association, 
a  corporation  existing  in  Westfield.  Mr.  Kneil  is  un- 
married and  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  society  in  the 
town,  a  master-spirit  of  geniality  in  all  social  enter- 
tainments. Mr.  Kneil's  executive  ability  has  nowhere 
been  more  manifest  than  in  his  work  as  a  member  of 

the  Republican  Town 
Committee  of  West- 
field.  He  was  elected 
chairman    of     that 
body   in     1889    and 
has   held    the   ofifice 
since  that  time,  con- 
ducting the  work  in 
a    manner    which 
was      creditable 
to   himself  and  in  a 
way  that  brought  out 
the    best   results   for 
the    party,    of  which 
he  is  a  leading  expo- 
nent   in   Western 
Massachusetts.     His 
work  has  been    par- 
ticularly    producti\-e 
where  the  town  elec- 
tions were  concerned, 
and  it  proves  him  to 
be  a   man  of   ready 
resources  and  sound 
judgment.      These 
native     abilities 
brought    to   ripeness 
by  indefatigable  work 
have  obtained  recog- 
nition  at  the  hands 
of  his  party,  and  in 
1892  he  was  honored  by  an  election  to  the  lower  branch 
of  the  State  Legislature,  receiving  a  majority  that  im- 
plied more  than  mere  success  at  the  polls,     x^lthough  a 
new  member  of  the  Legislature,  Mr.  Kneil  fared  very 
well  when  the  committees  were  appointed,  and  positions 
on  the  Judiciary  and  on  the  Committee  on  Rules  and 
also  Constitutional  Amendments  were  assigned  to  him, 
his  ability  being  recognized  by  his  party  associates,  and 
by  the  speaker. 


ARTHUR    S.    KNEIL. 


WESTFIELD. 


553 


JOHN   W.   COLTON  was  born  in   1832  in  that  part 
of  West   Springfield,  Mass.,  which  is  now  known 
as  Agawam.     His  father,  Ebenezer  Colton,  came  from 
Longmeadow.     His  mother  was  Cynthia  Whitman,  only 
daughter  of  the  late  Elder  Jesse  Whitman,  of  Agawam, 
who  was  the  first  Baptist  minister  in  that  town,  and  was, 
indeed,  during  his  lifetime  the  village  pastor.     Mr.  Col- 
ton was  married  to  Albina  S.  Ball,  daughter  of  William 
Ball,  of  Chicopee,  Mass.,  in  1862.     They  have  two  chil- 
dren living,  William 
B.,    now    seeking 
health  in  California, 
and  Mrs.  W.  I.  Bar- 
ton, of  Westfield. 
Mr.  Colton  was  edu- 
cated   in  the   public 
schools   of  West 
Springfield      Center, 
in  private  schools  in 
Springfield,  and  later 
took   a    course    of 
study  in  the  Sheffield 
Scientific    School    of 
Yale   U  n  i  \'  e  r  s  i  t  y . 
Pursuant    to  a  long- 
cherished  wish,  he 
engaged  in  the  drug 
business    with    the 
old  established    firm 
of    H.   &   J.  Brewer 
in   Springfield,   and 
was    their   first  sala- 
ried  clerk.     He    re- 
mained   with     them 
for  six  years,  resign- 
ing  to   take  a  posi- 
tion with    W  .    H . 
Schieffelin  &  Co.,  of 
New  York  City,  with 
whom    he    remained 

until  his  health  failed  from  a  too  close  devotion  to 
business.  Recovering,  he  located  in  Westfield  and 
bought  a  drug  store,  and  very  soon  became  one  of  the 
leading  druggists  of  the  town.  Mr.  Colton  is  a  Demo- 
crat, and  has  never  sought  political  oflice,  but  in  1881 
he  was  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, and  was  re-elected  to  that  body  the  following 
year,  receiving  nearly  four  fifths  of  the  entire  vote  cast. 
During  his  first  term  he  was  a  member  of  the  House 


JOHN    W.    COLTON 


Standing  Committee  on  County  Estimates,  and  in  1882 
was  on  the  Joint  Committee  on  Banks  and  Banking. 
He  was  also  elected  to  membership  in  the  town  School 
Committee,  even  after  refusing  the  nomination,  but  was 
unable  to  attend  to  the  duties  because  of  his  business, 
and  consequently  declined  to  serve.  He  is  a  trustee 
and  vice-president  of  the  Westfield  Savings  Bank,  a 
director  of  the  Westfield  Athenreum,  and  was  the  first 
vice-president  of  the  Bay  State  Beneficiary  Association. 

Mr.  Colton  is  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of 
Colton's  Select    Fla- 
vors, goods  that  have 
secured  on  their  mer- 
its a  national  reputa- 
tion.    They  are   the 
results  of  long  study 
and  experience.    For 
over   twenty-five 
years  he  followed  the 
d  rug   business,    the 
latter   half   of   the 
time    expending 
much  of   his  energy 
on   the  development 
of    his  flavoring   ex- 
tract trade.     He  re- 
tired from  the    drug 
business    about    five 
years  ago,  to  devote 
himself  to  the  manu- 
facture of  his  flavors 
and    specialties. 
These  extracts  are  of 
a  very  high  quality, 
perfectly  pure,-  and 
of    great    strength. 
The    business    grew 
rather  slow^ly  at  first, 
but    Mr.  Colton  ob- 
tained such   strong  indorsement  from  leading  citizens, 
dealers  and  others,  that  his  trade  began  to  spread  in  all 
directions,  until  to-day  there   is   hardly  a  State  in  the 
Union  where  his  flavors  are  not  known.     A  large  num- 
ber of    Mr.  Colton's  orders  are  received    through    the 
mails,  and  agencies  have  been  solicited  and  established 
as  far  away  as  Australia,  South  Africa  and  Japan,  while 
salesmen  are  now  kept  continually  on  the  road  in  this 
country  and  abroad. 


SS4 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


w 


[LTON    BURRALL    WHITNKV,    the     son     of 
Samuel  Hart   and    Marilla    I.ovisa  (Dickinson) 
Whitney,   was   born    in    Granville,    Hampden    County, 
Mass.,  Oct.  6,  1825,  being  a  direct  descendant  of  Henry 
Whitney,  who  emigrated  from   England  and  settled  on 
the  easterly  end  of    Long  Island  about   1649.     Milton 
Burrall  received  his  early  education  in  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  town  and  later  in   the  classical  school  of 
Rev.  Timothy  M.  Cooley,  1 ).  D.,  in  which  he  fitted  for 
college.    He  entered 
Williams  as  a  sopho- 
more, and  graduated 
in     1849,    being    as- 
signed to  deliver  the 
classical  oration,  one 
of   the   highest  hon- 
ors   in    the    college. 
For  two   years    after 
h  i  s    graduation     h  e 
taught     school,    and 
w  e  n  t    to   Westfield, 
where    he    read    law 
in     the    o  ffi  c  e    of 
Hon.     WilHam    G. 
Bates.     He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in 
1853,    and   has    re- 
sided   in  Westfield 
ever  since,  and    has 
had    a    large,    varied 
and   successful    legal 
practice.     He    prac- 
tised   as    a    partner 
with  Mr.  Bates,  and 
the     two    continued 
their    joint    practice 
until     1865,     after 
which  he  was    alone 
until  1874,  when  the 
firm    of   Whitney   & 

Dunbar  was  formed,  James  K.  Dunbar  being  the  junior 
partner.  This  partnershij)  lasted  until  the  latter  was 
appointed  an  associate  justice  of  the  Su]3erior  Court,  in 
1887.  From  1887  until  1S92  he  was  senior  partner  in 
the  firm  of  Whitney  &  Brigham.  Mr.  Whitney  was 
also  a  trial  justice  from  1S58  to  1865,  at  which  time  he 
resigned.  Mr.  Whitney's  early  political  affiliations  were 
with  the  Whig  party,  but  he  has  been  a  Republican 
since  the  formation  of  that   party,   though    latterly  his 


MILTON    B.    WHITNEY 


action  has  been  rather  independent.  He  has  been 
often  honored  by  political  preferment.  Among  other 
public  positions  which  he  has  held  was  that  of  State 
senator  from  the  Second  Hampden  District  in  1862-63. 
During  his  senatorship  he  was  chairman  of  the  commit- 
tees on  Public  Lands,  on  Federal  Relations,  and  of  the 
special  committee  on  the  Concord  and  Sudbury  rivers, 
besides  being  a  member  of  other  important  commit- 
tees, including  the  Judiciary.     In  1868  he  was  chosen  a 

presidential    elector, 
and  was    a  delegate 
to  the  National  Con- 
V  ention    that  nomi- 
n  at  e  d    (larfield    in 
1880.      .Mong     the 
civil   walks   of   life, 
also,    he    has    filled 
many  important  and 
honorable    positions. 
He  was  appointed  a 
a    member    of    the 
State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation  in    1 88 1    and 
re-appointed   in 
1889   for    a    second 
term  of  eight  years. 
He    was    chosen   a 
fellow  in  the  Ameri- 
c  a  n      Geographical 
Society  in   1890,  and 
in  lanuary,  1892,  was 
elected  a   councillor 
of  the  American  In- 
stitute   of    Civics,    a 
national      institution 
incorporated     under 
the  laws  of  Congress. 
He  has  been  deeply 
interested    in     the 
Westfield  .^thensum, 
and  an   active    member  of    its  Library  Committee  ever 
since  its  organization  in  1864,  and  was  elected  its  presi- 
dent for  1893,  besides  being  a  trustee  of  the  Westfield 
Savings  Bank  since  1857,  a  director  of  the  old  Westfield 
bank  and  a  director  of  the  First  National    Hank    since 
1865  and  its   jiresident  since    1881.     Mr.  Whitney  is  a 
trustee  and  director  of  other  local  institutions,  and  has 
always  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  all  measures  tending 
to  i)romote  the  best  interests  of  Westfield. 


WESTFIELD. 


SS5 


IRA  MILLER,  president  of  the  American  Whip  Com- 
pany, the  largest  whip  manufacturing  establishment 
in  the  world,  and  the  pioneer  in  the  modern  style  of 
whip-making,  was  born  in   Cadiz,  Trigg  County,  Ky., 
April  2  2,   1848.     His   parents  were  James  Quinn  and 
Susan  Raglan  Miller,  his  father  being  a  prominent  mer- 
chant  in   that  State.     I'heir   home   was  directly  in  the 
path  of  the  marching  armies  during  the  Civil  War,  and, 
as  may  be  readily  inferred,  the  elder  Miller's  business 
was  sadly  interfered 
with,  while  the  young 
man's    school-days 
were  brought  to  an 
abrupt    termination. 
.After  the  close  of  the 
war  the  elder  Miller 
moved  to  Evansville, 
Ind.,  where  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the 
wholesale  dry  goods 
business.      But     the 
son's  tastes  did   not 
run  in  this  direction, 
and,    preferring    the 
manufacturing  of 
goods  to  the  jobbing 
of  them,  he  engaged 
in  the  saddlery  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  re- 
mained    for    twenty 
years,  or  until  1887, 
when    he   began  the 
manufacture     of 
whips.     Ira    Miller's 
first    mercantile    ex- 
perience was  with  the 
firm   of   Topf,   Long 
it  Co.,  wholesale  sad- 
dle manufacturers  of 
Evansville,  into 

whose  employ  he  entered  in  1867.  'I'hree  years  later 
he  removed  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  to  travel  for  J.  \V.  Morrill 
&  Co.  He  became  identified  with  the  well-known  firm 
of  C.  B.  Smith  &  Co.,  of  New  York  City,  and  while  in 
their  employ  visited  Europe,  Central  and  South  .Amer- 
ica, the  West  Indies,  Mexico  and  nearly  all  the  States 
of  the  L'nion.  During  his  travels  he  made  many  and 
lasting  business  friends,  and  the  work  done  then  has 
been  of  great  assistance  to  him  in  his  ]5resent  business. 


So  zealously  and  successfully  did  he  work  for  Messrs. 
Smith  &  Co.  that  he  was  taken  into  partnership,  and 
remained  in  New  York  City  until  1887.  In  1886  he 
purchased  some  of  the  stock  of  the  American  Whip 
Company,  and  was  elected  president  of  the  corporation 
in  1888.  The  company  was  founded  in  1822  and  in- 
corporated in  1855.  It  has  always  maintained  the  lead- 
ing place  among  industries  of  its  kind,  and,  as  has 
been  said,  is  to-day  the  largest  in  the  world,  having  an 

annual  output  of  two 
million  five  hundred 
thousand  whips  that 
find  their  way  over 
the  entire  globe.  The 
same  energy  and  en- 
terprise that  char- 
acterized Mr.  Miller's 
^,,_^  methods  while  in  the 

^||^k||^  saddlery  business,  ap- 

^^^^B  ^sv  pear  here,  and  a  great 

^^^^^H  '^fPV  deal  of  the  later  suc- 

^^T*  VW  L-ess  of  the  .American 

^^'  >     M  ,  .  \Vhip   Company  can 

W  "HP"  ^^  directly  traced  to 

I  his  influence  and  la- 

\  bors.     He     is     what 

may  be  called  a 
shrewd  business  man, 
but  a  conscientious 
one.  His  dealings 
are  always  character- 
ized by  dignity  and 
uprightness.  Al- 
though a  resident  of 
W'estfield  but  a  few 
years,  Mr.  Miller  is 
justly  looked  upon  as 
IRA    MILLER.  one     of    the     town's 

foremost  men.  He 
has  never  held  any 
civil  or  political  office,  since  the  requirements  of  his 
work  naturally  prevented  this.  He  takes,  however,  a 
deep  interest  in  all  matters  relating  to  the  welfare  of 
the  town.  Mr.  Miller  was  married,  Oct.  3,  1883,  to 
Frances  Eliza,  daughter  of  Charles  B.  Smith,  of  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  and  they  have  four  children,  —  three  sons 
and  one  daughter.  Mr.  Miller's  skill  and  energy  have 
been  instrumental  in  bringing  the  whip-making  industry 
up  to  a  high  standard. 


SS6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM    PROVIN,  for   a  quarter  of  a  century 
a    prominent    manufacturer    in   the    town    of 
Westfield,  and  during  this  time  one  of  the  town's  leading 
citizens,  was  born  in  Sullivan,   Penn.,   Feb.    14,    1842. 
His    parents   were   William   and    Delilah    Provin.     His 
early  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  academy   in  Westfield.     His  school-days,  however, 
did  not  extend  over  a  very  long  period,  as   he  learned, 
while  quite  young,  the  trade  of   manufacturing  whips, 
which   was   then,   as 
now,    the    principal 
business  of  the  town 
to   which   he    had 
migrated.      Conse- 
quently he  has  been 
connected  with    that 
business  as  boy  and 
man  for  many  years. 
In  later  years  he  has 
been  also  engaged  in 
the    manufacture    of 
whip   lashes  and  • 
cigars.      Mr.    Provin 
was  married  Nov.  21, 
1866,  to     Louise    J. 
Axtell,    daughter    of 
D.  S.  Axtell,  of  West- 
field,    and    two  boys 
have   been    born    to 
them.    During  his 
residence    in    West- 
field  Mr.  Provin  has 
been  selected  by  his 
fellow-townsmen    t  o 
hold  many  offices  of 
importance,  civil  and 
political,   and    on    a 
number  of  occasions 
has   been    called    to 
represent  his  adopted 

town  in  the  State  Legislature.  In  all  these  different 
positions  he  has  acquitted  himself  with  distinction  and 
credit,  not  only  satisfying  his  constituents,  but  also 
evoking  the  admiration  of  many  who,  politically,  were 
opposed  to  him.  Mr.  Provin  is  a  Democrat  of  very 
broad  views.  Among  the  town  offices  that  he  has  held 
is  that  of  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Selectmen  from 
March,  1881,  to  March,  1882,  while  he  also  served  the 
community  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Water  Com- 


WILLIAM    PROVIN 


missioners  for  three  years,  being  president  and  treasurer 
of  the  board.  In  1886,  1887  and  1888  he  was  elected 
to  the  lower  branch  of  the  Legislature,  while  in  1891 
and  1892  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate.  In  the 
Senate  of  1891  he  was  a  member  of  the  joint  standing 
committees  on  Labor  and  Insurance,  while  in  1892  he 
was  on  the  committees  on  Fisheries  and  Oame,  Printing 
and  Insurance,  being  chairman  of  the  latter  both  years. 
Among  the  civil  offices  that  Mr.  Provin  holds  are  those 

of    vice-president   of 
the    W'oronoco    Sav- 
ings Bank  of   West- 
field,     and     director 
and    auditor    of    the 
Westfield    Co-opera- 
tive   Bank.     He    is 
also     president    and 
one     of    the     prime 
movers   of    the    Ma- 
sonic    Fraternal 
Accident  Association 
of  America,  a  corpo- 
ration that  has  written 
twenty-five  thousand 
certificates   in    the 
past  five  years.     Mr. 
Provin    is   a  veteran 
of  the  late  war,  dur- 
ing which  period  he 
served    in   the    cele- 
brated   Peninsula 
Campaign  under 
General  McClellan. 
He    is    past    c  o  m  - 
mander  of  Lyon  Post 
No.  41  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic.    Mr.  Provin  is  a 
firm  believer  in  fra- 
ternal associations, 
and  he  regards  them  as  being  full  of  profound  instruc- 
tion and  moral  elevation  for  the  body  politic.     He  is  a 
Mason,    Odd   Fellow   and    Red   Man,  serving  as  great 
sachem  of  the  State  in   1891   and  is  also  a  member  of 
other  societies.     In  all  of  these  he  has  been  prominent, 
l)oth  as  a  member  and  an  adviser.     He  is  a  ready  de- 
bater, and  has  always  a  valuable  opinion  on  matters  of 
importance.     Personally,  Mr.  Provin  is  a  most  agreeable 
and  companionable  gentleman. 


IVF.STFIELD. 


557 


EDWARD  BATF:S  GILLETl',  one  of  the  promi- 
nent lawyers  of  the  "  Old  Bay  State,"  was  born  in 
South  Hadley  Falls,  Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  Aug. 
24,  1818,  and  was  the  son  of  Daniel  and  Edith  (Bates) 
Gillett.  He  was  married,  in  1848,  to  Lucy,  the  daugh- 
ter of  Hon.  James  and  Lucy  (Douglas)  Fowler,  and 
seven  children  have  been  born  to  them,  only  three  of 
whom  are  living,  Congressman  Frederick  H.,  Professor 
Arthur  L.  and  Lucy  Douglas^  Gillett.  Mr.  Gillett  is  a 
graduate  of  .Amherst 
College  in  the  class 
of  1839,  and  was  pre- 
pared for  entrance 
into  that  institution 
in  the  academies  at 
Hadley  and  West- 
field.  On  his  de- 
parture from  college 
walls  he  entered  the 
1  a w  office  of  his 
uncle,  that  renowned 
legal  light,  Isaac 
Bates,  of  Northamp- 
ton, but  completed 
his  legal  studies  in 
the  Cambridge  Law 
School.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Suffolk 
County  bar  in  1843, 
after  which  he  went 
to  Westfield  and  be- 
gan practice  as  the 
partner  of  William 
G.  Bates,  one  of  the 
leading  lawyers  of 
that  section.  This 
firm  retained  its  ex- 
istence until  1852, 
when  Mr.  Gillett 
took  in  Arthur  Lin- 
coln, as  a  junior  partner.  Mr.  Lincoln  died  in  1859 
and  Mr.  Gillett  afterward  formed  a  partnership  with 
Homer  B.  Stevens.  This  continued  until  1883.  Mr. 
Gillett  was  elected  district  attorney  for  the  counties  of 
Hampden  and  Berkshire  in  1856,  declining  re-election 
in  1 87 1.  He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  in 
1852,  and  served  on  the  Judiciary  Committee.  In  the 
Legislature  he  ranked  as  one  of  the  most  useful  mem- 
bers.    In  the  course   of  his  extensive  law  practice  Mr. 


EDWARD    B,    GILLETT. 


Gillett  has  been  connected  with  some  cases  of  national 
reputation,  one  of  the  principal  being  the  celebrated 
Northampton  bank  robbery  case,  in  which  he  conducted 
all  of  the  cross  examinations  and  made  the  final  argu- 
ments. He  was  also  for  many  years  the  counsel  for 
the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  and  Boston  &  Albany 
railroads.  Mr.  (iillett  has  likewise  been  prominent  in 
private  life,  and  instrumental  in  bringing  about  many 
improvements  in  the  town  of  Westfield.     Among  other 

positions  that  he  has 
held  was    the  presi- 
dency of  the  Hamp- 
den bank  from  1858 
to    1882.      He    is 
president    of    the 
Westfield    Insurance 
Company,  of    the 
Board  of  Trustees  of 
the   Westfield   .'\cad- 
emy  Fund,  and  of  the 
Westfield  .\thenreum, 
besides  being   a  di- 
rector in  the  Ameri- 
can Whip  Company. 
He  was  also  elected 
a  corporate  member 
o  f    the    American 
Board  of  Commis- 
sioners   for    Foreign 
Missions  and  is  pres- 
ident of  the  Hamp- 
d  e  n    County  Bar 
.\ssociation.    He  has 
always  manifested   a 
deep  interest  in  ed- 
ucational matters, 
and   was  a   member 
of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation    for    many 
years.      He   has  been  vice-president  of  Smith  College 
since  its  foundation,  and  has  been  a  trustee  of  Amherst 
College  since  1861,  besides  being  a  trustee  of  the  Hart- 
ford Theological  Seminary.     His  alma  mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  in   1885.     Mr.  Gillett 
was  a  W  hig  originallv,  but  has  been  a  Republican  since 
the  foundation  of  that  party,  and  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Convention  of  1856,  and  a  presidential  elector 
in   i860. 


558 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JAMES  ALFRED  LAKIN  was  born  in  Hoston,  Feb. 
7,    1 84 1.     He  married   Lucy    Adelaide  Tower  in 
1870,  and    they  have  four  children,  —  three    daughters 
and  one  son.     He  is  an  army  \eteran,  having  enlisted 
in  the  old    First  Massachusetts   Regiment,  in  which  he 
ser\ed  with  distinction.     The  chief  part  of  Mr.  Lakin's 
education    and    personal   polish  has  been  acquired  by 
contact  with  the  world,  but  the  fundamental  principles 
were  instilled  into  his  mind  by  a  course  of  study  in  the 
Boston  schools.     Al- 
though   a   native    of 
Boston,    Mr.    Lakin 
has  preferred  to  live 
in    W  e  s  t  fi  e  1  d    for 
twenty- two    years, 
and  during  all  of  that 
time  has  been  closely 
in    touch   with    the 
best  interests  of  the 
town,  and  very  prom- 
inent   in    the    indus- 
trial  life  of  the  com- 
munity.     His    value 
as  a  citizen  has  been 
recognized    by   the 
town  on  various  oc- 
casions.    In    189  o, 
and    again   in    1891, 
he  was  elected  to  the 
State      Legislature, 
being   a    re])resenta- 
live  from  the  Secontl 
Hampden      District. 
In  1892  he  was  nom- 
inated for  senator  in 
the    Second     Hamp- 
den   Senatorial   Dis- 
trict.    During   his 
first   term    in    the 
Legislature    Mr.   La- 
kin  was  a  member  of   the  Insurance  Committee,  and 
during  his   second   year  was  a  valued   member  of  the 
Committee  on  Railroads.     While  in  the  Legislature  he 
made  an  es])ecially  creditable  record   for  himself,  and 
handled  the  (|uestions  that  came  before  him  with  the 
dexterity  of  a  veteran.     Of  especial  value  to  the  farmers 
of  his  district,  and  indeed  to  those  of  the   State  in  gen- 
eral, were  his  efforts  on   the  proposed  dairy  law,  which 
came  before   the  House  in   such   sha])e  as  to  be  practi- 


JAMES    A.    LAKIN 


cally  valueless.  Mr.  Lakin  fought  hard  to  have  those 
portions  of  the  law  that  were  cut  off  in  the  Senate  re- 
incorporated in  the  bill,  and  finally  succeeded.  Not 
content  with  that,  he  labored  with  some  of  the  senators 
and  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  the  bill  passed  as 
amended  by  him.  He  also  reported  on  a  bill  allowing 
the  use  of  electricity  on  the  railroads  of  the  State,  and 
so  convincing  was  his  argument  in  favor  of  it  that  it  was 
almost  unanimously  passed.     He  stated  on  the  floor  of 

the   House  that  "  in 
his  judgment,  within 
four   years   trains 
would  be  run,  heated, 
lighted,    bells    rung, 
whistles   blown,    and 
breaks    set    by  elec- 
tricity."      He    was 
also    chosen    by    the 
Legislature  to  ajipear 
before  Congress  and 
urge  the  adoption  of 
a  uniform  safety  car 
coupler  for  the  pro- 
tection   of    life    and 
limb,  on  account   of 
his  thorough  mechan- 
ical ability.     Mr.  La- 
kin's  business  career 
began  in  1865,  when 
he    engaged    in   the 
w  a  t  c  h   and    jewelry 
trade,  which  business 
he  has  followed  ever 
since   in   connection 
with  the  manufacture 
of    his    other    inven- 
tions.      At     ]3resent 
Mr.  Lakin   is  devot- 
ing his   time  to   the 
A  m  e  r  i  c  a  n    Casket 
Hardware    Company,    of   which    he    is    president,    and 
which  is  located  in  \Vestfield.     As  its  name  implies,  the 
company    is    engaged     in  the    manufacture    of    plates, 
handles,  and  other   trimmings  for  burial   caskets,  and 
although  established  little  more  than  a  year,  is  remark- 
ably successful,  and   shows  very  able  management.     Mr. 
Lakin  has  given  much  attention  to  the  industrial  health 
of  the  State.     It  is  the  opinion  of  his   many   admirers 
that  the  future  has  further  honors  in  store  for  him. 


U'ESTFIELD. 


559 


HENRY  \V.  ASHLEY,  lawyer,  was  born  in  ^Vest- 
field,  Mass.,  Feb.  i6,  1855.  His  parents  were 
Henry  and  Mary  A.  (Bartholomew)  Ashley.  Mr.  Ash- 
ley's family  were  among  the  early  Puritan  settlers,  the 
first  of  the  familv  in  this  country,  Robert  .Ashley,  emi- 
grating from  England  and  settling  at  Roxbury,  Mass. 
He  remained  in  this  early  colonial  settlement  until  the 
departure  of  William  Pynchon  and  his  party  for  Spring- 
field, in  the  year  1639,  when  he  became  a  member  of 
the  little  band  of  set- 
tlers, and  carried  the 
name  Ashley  to    the 

then    extreme    west-  .  ■;.;      •     ■'••?.. 

ern  part  of  the  old 
Bay  State.  Robert 
Ashley's  name  first 
appears  in  the  early 
historical  records  as 
one  of  the  committee 
appointed  in  behalf 
of  the  little  settle- 
ment of  Springfield, 
to  arrange  about 
the  grinding  of  the 
grain  of  the  settlers, 
while  later  he  was 
chosen  as  one  of  the 
sealers  on  the  same 
question.  When 
Westfield  was  set  off 
from  Springfield, 
somewhere  about 
1658,  the  Ashley 
family  cast  in  their 
fortunes  with  the 
young  settlement, 
and  reference  to  the 
history  of  the  times 
shows  that  grants  of 
land   were    made    to 


HENRY    W,    ASHLEY. 


has  been  in  practice  since  that  time.  .Although  estab- 
lished but  a  few  years,  Mr.  Ashley  has,  by  careful  study 
and  close  application  to  his  chosen  work,  built  up  an 
excellent  practice,  and  has  the  pleasure  of  seeing  it  grow 
extensively  year  by  year.  He  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
ablest  young  lawyers  in  Western  Massachusetts.  Mr. 
.\shley  is  also  greatly  interested  in  politics,  both  State 
and  national,  being  a  discijjle  of  the  party  of  Jefferson. 
Among  other  offices  that  he  has  held  is  that  of  United 

States  deputy  collec- 
tor of  internal  reve- 
nue,  which    position 
(.^:_    ,.  ;,  "-         1    M'  --  he  filled  from  1885  to 

1889.  In  1892  he  was 
chosen  alternate  dele- 
gate at  large  from 
Massachusetts  to  the 
National  Democratic 
Convention  at  Chi- 
cago. Mr.  A  s  h  1  e  }■ 
was  also  elected  a 
member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts House  of 
Representatives  i  n 
the  Legislatures  of 
1892  and  1893,  and 
while  acting  in  this 
capacity  served  on 
the  Judiciary  and 
Railroad  committees. 
During  his  legisla- 
tive work  he  showed 
himself  to  be  a  good 
speaker  and  pos- 
sessed of  sound  judg- 
ment, with  a  'thor- 
ough knowledge  of 
current  affairs.  He 
is  also  gifted  with 
executive  ability  to  a 


Robert  Ashley  and  David  Ashley  in  1666.     John  Ashley,  rare  degree,  and  has  had  ample  opportunity  to  demon- 

a  graduate  of  Yale  University,  in  the  class  of  1730,  was  strate  his  talent  as  a  member  of  the  Democratic  State 

one  of   the  first  lawyers  in  \Vestfield,  and  was,  as  his  Central  Committee.     On  the  same  iilane  is  his  work  as 

de.scendants  also  have  been,  a  [jrominent  figure  in  the  a  member  of   the    Executive   Committee  of  the  Young 

affairs  of  the  town.     Henry  \\.  Ashley  was  educated  in  Men's   Democratic    Club   of  Massachusetts.     On    both 


the  public  schools  of  \Vestfield  and  was  graduated  from 
the  Law  School  of  Boston  LTniversity  in  1882.  He  was 
admitted  to  practice  at  the  bar  the  same  year,  and 
immediately  opened    an  office  in  Westfield,  where  he 


committees  Mr.  .Ashley  has  done  yeoman  service,  and 
the  brilliant  quality  of  his  work  has  Iteen  generally  rec- 
ognized both  by  the  members  of  his  own  party  and  by 
the  opposition. 


56o 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


LUCIUS  B.  WALKLEV  was  born  in  Westfield,  Sept. 
21,  1822.     He  was  married  in  December,   1847, 
to   Sarah    C.   Young,  of   Westfield,  and    they  have    six 
children,  two  boys  and  four  girls,  all  of  whom  are  living. 
Until  his  sixteenth  year  he  attended  the  public  schools, 
but  at  that  period  of  his  life  he  enlisted  in  the  Third 
Regiment,  United  States  Artillery,  for  five  years,  during 
which  service  he  became  sergeant  of  Company  B,  and 
served  in  the  war  in  Florida.     At  the  expiration  of  his 
term    of    service  he 
returned  to  Westfield 
and  learned  the  trade 
of  a  mason,  but  dur- 
ing   the    gold   fever 
excitement   of    1850 
he  went  to  California. 
There    he     spent    a 
year    in      the     gold 
mines,  then  returned 
to  Westfield  in  1851 
and  resumed    his 
business  as  a  mason. 
Since    that    time    he 
has  held  many  posi- 
tions   of    trust    and 
honor    in    the    town 
and    county    and    is 
justly  esteemed  one 
of    Westfield's   fore- 
m  o  s  t    citizens. 
Among    the     offices 
that  he  has    held  is 
that  of  constable  and 
poUce    o  fifi  c  e  r    for 
many    years,   and   a 
deputy  sheriffship  of 
the     c  o  u  n  t  i  es    of 
Hampden     and 
Hampshire  for  about 
eleven    years.       He 

was  also  prominent  in  the  military  of  the  State,  and 
held  all  of  the  commissioned  offices  in  the  Tenth  Regi- 
ment from  that  of  lieutenant  to  colonel.  In  May,  1 861,  he 
enlisted  a  company  of  volunteers  for  the  Civil  War,  and 
on  June  21,  1861,  was  mustered  into  service  as  captain 
of  Company  K,  Tenth  Regiment,  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teers. The  regiment  was  attached  to  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  building  fortifications  and 
guarding  the   approaches  to    Washington  until   March, 


LUCIUS    B.    WALKLEY. 


1862.  He  then  went  to  the  Peninsula  with  General 
McClellan  and  took  part  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and 
the  battles  of  Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks,  Charles  City 
Cross  Roads  and  Malvern  Hill.  He  resigned  his  com- 
mission at  Harrison's  Landing,  July  16,  1862,  and  was 
commissioned  major  of  the  Forty-sixth  Regiment,  Mas- 
sachusetts \'olunteer  Militia,  in  October  of  the  same 
year,  being  promoted  to  the  lieutenant-colonelcy  in  a 
short  time.     He  joined  the  army  under  Cleneral  Foster, 

at    Newbern,   N.  C, 
and  was  in  the  Golds- 
boro  expedition,  the 
fights     at     Kinston, 
White    Hall     and 
Goldsboro,     besides 
being  in  several  other 
expeditions.     In 
June,   1863,  his  bri- 
gade was  ordered  to 
join  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  and  during 
the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg was  detailed  to 
guard  the  approaches 
to    Baltimore,    after 
which  it  joined  Gen- 
eral   Meade's    army 
at  Frankstown.    The 
Rebel   Army    having 
crossed  the  river  and 
the    regiment's   time 
having      expired,    it 
was  ordered    home 
and    was     mustered 
out    in    July,    1863. 
After   the  expiration 
of    his    military  ser- 
vice   Colonel   Walk- 
ley   went   into  busi- 
ness   and    is   now  a 
contractor  and  builder  and  a  large  manufacturer  of  brick. 
He  is  president  of  the  Westfield  Brick  Company,  a  past 
master  of  Mt.  Moriah  Lodge  of  Masons,  a  member  of 
Springfield  Commandery,  Knights  Templar,  and  is  also 
a  past  commander  of  Lyon  Grand  Army  Post.     Politi- 
cally, Colonel  Walkley  is  a  stanch  Republican.     He  is 
also  a  member  and  trustee  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  and  is  prominent  in  the  social  and  religious  life 
of  Westfield. 


WESTFIELD. 


561 


ROBERT   BRUCE   CRANE  AND  JAMES  ARTHUR   CRANE. 


ONNECTED  inseparably  with  the 
manufacture  of  pajier  in  Massachu- 
setts, ever  since  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century,  is  the  name  of  Crane. 
In  1 80 1  Zenas  Crane  estabHshed  his 
paper  mill  in  Dalton,  and  ever  since 
then  the  different  generations  of  the  family  have  been 
actively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  the  product. 
One  branch  of  this  family  resides  in  Westfield,  where 
they  operate  paper  mills,  the  plant  being  owned  and 
worked  by  Robert  Bruce  Crane  and  James  Arthur  Crane, 
sons  of  the  late  James  B.  Crane,  of  Dalton,  and  grand- 
sons of  Zenas  Crane,  under  the  title  of  Crane  Brothers. 
The  product  of  their  mills  has  attained  an  international 
reputation. 

Robert  Bruce  Crane  was  born  in  lialton,  June  4,  1845. 
He  attended  a  private  school  in  Pittsfield  and  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  in  Worcester,  and  later  took  a  course  in 
Williston  Seminary  at  Easthampton,  finishing  his  educa- 
tion with  a  six  months'  trip  through  Europe,  in  company 
with  his  brother,  J.  Arthur  Crane.  He  has  been  promi- 
nent in  the  town  affairs  of  Westfield,  and  was  elected 
to  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives  in  i8go 
and  189 r,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Labor. 

J.  Arthur  Crane  was  born  in  Dalton,  Dec.  24,  1847. 
He  studied  in  \\'illiston  Seminary,  and  after  the  broth- 
ers returned  from  their  European  trip,  they  at  once 
engaged  in  the  business  of  ])aper  making,  in  1867,  at 
Ballston  Springs,  N.  Y.  The  following  year  they  pur- 
chased the  plant  in  \\'estfield,  and  since  then  have  built 
the  business,  from  the  smallest  foundation,  up  to  fine 
proportions.  Their  main  mills  are  situated  on  a  stream 
about  two  miles  from  the  station  of  the  Boston  &  Albany 
and  the  New  York,  New  Haven  .S:  Hartford  railroads  in 
Westfield,  and  are  connected  with  the  latter  railroad  by 
a  spur  track,  which  they  own,  while  the  smaller  mill  is 
about  a  mile  above  on  the  same  stream.  The  mills  are 
all  built  of  brick  in  the  most  substantial  manner,  and 
power  is  supplied  from  the  river,  with  a  supplementary 
force  provided  for  by  Corliss  engines.  The  chief  prod- 
uct of  the  company  is  a  linen  paper,  and  the  water- 
marks en  Crane's  "  Linen  Record,"  "Japanese   Linen," 


and  "Warranted  .-Ml  Linen  "  are  familiar  throughout  the 
country.  The  success  of  this  paper  is  due  to  the  extraor- 
dinary care  taken  even  in  the  smallest  details  of  its 
manufacture.  One  of  the  chief  elements  in  the  success 
of  this  grade  of  paper  is  the  use  of  very  pure  water, 
brought  in  six-inch  pipes  from  the  mountains  at  the 
rate  of  five  hundred  gallons  per  minute.  Another  rea- 
son for  the  excellence  of  the  paper  is  that  the  rags  for 
making  the  paper  are  all  cut  by  hand,  because,  being  of 
a  better  grade  than  ordinary  rags,  they  cannot  be  well 
cut  by  machine,  as  by  the  latter  process  it  would  be 
impossible  to  obtain  the  retjuired  fibre.  This  same 
attention  to  detail  characterizes  every  branch  of  the 
business,  and  to  it  can  be  traced  the  success  of  Crane 
Brothers'  ])aper. 

In  1876  they  obtained  the  highest  award  for  record 
paper  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition,  while  two  years 
later  they  obtained  the  highest  award  at  Berlin  and  the 
grand  prize  gold  medal  at  Paris.  In  1880  the  Mel- 
bourne Exposition  awarded  them  a  gold  medal,  and  the 
New  Orleans  Exposition  gave  them  a  grand  prize  gold 
medal  in  1885.  A  medal  of  superiority  was  received 
from  the  American  Institute,  New  York,  in  1889,  and  a 
silver  medal  from  the  Mechanics'  Fair  in  Boston  in 
1890. 

Aside  from  the  manufacture  of  paper,  the  mills  have 
a  product,  known  as  "linenoid,"  from  which  are  made 
a  variety  of  seamless  articles,  including  mill  and  ware- 
house baskets,  boats  and  canoes,  trunks,  bath  -tubs, 
caskets,  cylinders,  poll  triangles,  etc. 

J.  Arthur  Crane  has  charge  of  the  mills,  while  R.  B. 
Crane  devotes  much  of  his  time  to  their  stock  farm  of 
some  six  hundred  acres,  which  is  known  as  the  Wolf 
Pit  Stock  Farm,  and  which  is  largely  devoted  to  the 
raising  of  fine  horses.  The  most  important  stallion  on 
the  farm  is  the  celebrated  Chronos,  with  a  record  of 
2.12.^,  who  made  such  a  fine  showing  on  the  circuit  last 
year. 

J.  .\rthur  Crane  was  married  Jan.  17,  1883,  to  Clara 
B.  Kittredge,  daughter  of  Hon.  Charles  J.  Kittredge,  of 
Hinsdale,  Mass.,  and  they  have  two  children.  The 
initial  letter  with  which  this  sketch  begins  is  Crane 
Brothers'  trade-mark. 


562 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN  RICHARD  RKKD  was  bom  iMarch  25,  1832, 
his  father  being  Rev.  Augustus  Reed,  the  Congre- 
gational pastor  in  Ware,  Mass.,  who  died  in  1838.  Mrs. 
Reed  removed  to  Westfield  with  her  children,  where 
they  were  educated.  In  1849  she  migrated  to  Fall 
River,  where  her  son  John  spent  a  few  months  as  clerk 
in  a  store.  He  was  soon  attracted  by  the  life  of  a  sailor, 
and  at  the  age  of  twenty  shipped  in  the  forecastle, 
spending  the  next  three  and  one-half  years  in  the 
Northern  Pacific  and 
.Arctic  oceans.  While 
voyaging  he  was 
strongly  tempted  to 
seek  his  fortune  in 
New  Zealand,  b  u  t 
was  induced  to  stay 
by  the  ship  and  re- 
turned home  in  1855. 
He  soon  afterwards 
visited  his  brother  in 
Westfield  and  e  n  - 
tered  the  employ  of 
H.  B.  Smith  (!t  Co. 
This  com]iany  was 
founded  in  1853  by 
Henry  B.  and  Kdwin 
Smith,  brothers,  the 
plant  being  a  small 
one  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  iron 
fences,  principally. 
This  business  w  a  s 
continued  for  about 
seven  years  until 
they  became  inter- 
ested in  and  com- 
menced the  manu- 
facture of  Gold's 
steam  a  n  d  w  a  t  e  r 
heaters,  the  inven- 
tion of  Samuel  Gold,  of  Englewood,  N.  J.,  and  William 
A.  Foskett,  of  Meriden,  Conn.  The  company  began 
the  following  year  the  sale  and  building  of  the  first 
combined  steam  and  water  heating  apparatus  for  warm- 
ing residences  and  the  smaller  class  of  buildings.  .\\. 
this  time  the  company  was  melting  three  tons  of  iron 
daily,  which  was  put  into  these  boilers  and  radiators. 
Mr.  Reed  became  connected  with  the  company  in  1859, 
and  much  of  the  earlier  success  of  the  Smith  brothers 


JOHN    R.  REED. 


was  due  to  his  untiring  zeal.  Their  efforts  were  so  suc- 
cessful that  in  1863  they  had  to  erect  a  larger  cupola  to 
accommodate  the  output,  which  had  increased  to  eight 
or  ten  tons  per  day.  The  business  continued  under 
these  favorable  conditions  from  1872  to  1878,  when 
there  was  a  depression  in  this  as  in  many  other  branches 
of  industry.  In  consequence  of  this  state  of  things  it 
was  found  desirable  to  reorganize  the  firm,  whereby  the 
capital  was  increased  and  the  responsibility  divided  and 

limited.      Upon    the 
reorganization  of  the 
firm,   John  R.   Reed 
became  the  president 
and  general  manager, 
Andrew  Mercer  vice- 
president,  and  Philip 
C.    Smith,   treasurer. 
.At  this  time,  the  de- 
mand    for    a     better 
direct    radiator     be- 
coming clearly   out- 
lined,   Mr.    Reed's 
i  n  \'  e  n  t  i  \'  e    mind 
solved  the    problem, 
and  the  Reed  radia- 
t  o  r,    which    w  a  s 
brought  out  in   1S79, 
was  the  result,    later 
the     celebrated 
"  Union  "  steam  and 
water    radiator    was 
invented.     The  suc- 
cess of  these  inven- 
tions caused  a  further 
increase  in  the  plant, 
and     a    commodious 
foundry  with  a  daily 
output    of  six    thou- 
sand feet  of  radiators 
and    employing    five 
hundred  people,  was  erected  on  the  north  side  of  West- 
field  River.     Mr.  Reed  was  married  to   Julia  Priscilla 
Breckenridge,  of  \\"are,  Mass.,  May  8,  1861,  and  by  her 
had  four  children.     She  died;  and  on  Jan.  9,  1876,  he 
married   Martha  Huntington     Dudman,    of   Yarmouth, 
N.  S.     They  have  two  children.     To  the  inventive  genius 
of  Mr.  Reed,  no  less  than  to  his  business  ability,  is  due 
his  high  standing  among  the  manufacturers  of  \\'estern 
Massachusetts. 


ANEW  ENCrLAND  town  of  18,000  people,  enterprising  and  progressive,  having  at  its  threshold  the  largest 
and  most  famous  railroad  tunnel  in  the  country,  and  for  which  the  town's  citizens  worked  zealously  for  years 
under  innumerable  discouraging  circumstances ;  with  scenery  that  is  not  surpassed  in  the  United  States  ;  with  two 
of  the  largest  print  works  in  the  country,  with  employees  numbering  thousands ;  with  nearly  a  half  dozen  shoe 
factories,  employing  hundreds  of  hands,  with  pay-rolls  amounting  to  many  thousand  dollars  monthly  ;  with  cotton 
and  woollen  factories  that  employ  hundreds  more  :  with  a  fine  foundry  and  numerous  other  diversified  industries, — 
all  these  and  many  other  things  make  North  Adams  a  pleasant  place  for  a  home  and  a  good  place  to  do  business  in. 

The  growth  of  the  town  has  been  steady,  and  bids  fair  to  continue.  Aside  from  the  main  village  are  two 
smaller  xillages,  —  Blackinton  and  Greylock.  The  water  supply  is  pure,  as,  indeed,  it  must  of  necessity  be  in  the 
Berkshire  Hills,  and  ample  for  protection  against  fire.  The  town  is  supplied  with  both  gas  and  electric  lights,  and 
a  street  railway,  with  electricity  as  a  motive  power,  connects  North  Adams  and  Adams,  and  is  likely  in  the  near 
future  to  connect  the  town  with  \\'illiamstown,  the  location  of  Williams  College,  one  of  the  best  of  Massachusetts 
institutions  of  learning. 

The  town  has  as  good  public  schools  as  the  State  affords,  and  money  is  contributed  liberally  by  the  tax- 
payers that  the  high  state  of  efficiency  may  be  maintained.  The  churches  are  the  Congregational,  Rev.  I.  F. 
Coyle,  pastor  ;  the  Methodist  Episcopal,  Rev.  William  W.  Foster,  Jr.,  pastor  ;  the  Baptist,  now  without  a  settled 
pastor.  Rev.  F.  H.  Rowley  having  lately  resigned  the  jiastorate  to  accept  a  charge  in  Chicago  ;  St.  John's  Episco- 
palian, Re\-.  John  C.  Tebbets,  rector;  the  Universalist,  Rev.  A.  B.  Church,  pastor:  St.  Francis,  Roman  Catholic, 
Rev.  Charles  E.  Burke,  pastor  :  Notre  Dame  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Rev.  L.  Leduc,  pastor.  Without  exception,  all 
these  organizations  ha\e  fine  edifices,  and  the  services  are  largely  attended.  From  the  Congregational  Church 
have  gone  such  widely  known  and  eloquent  speakers  as  Rev.  Washington  Gladden  and  Rev.  Dr.  Munger. 

The  secret  and  other  organizations  are  strong  in  numbers  and  fraternal  in  their  work.  Of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  there  are  St.  Paul  Commandery,  Knights  Templar  ;  Composite  Chapter,  Royal  Arch  Masons  ;  and  two 
Blue  lodges,  Lafayette  and  Greylock,  and  Naomi  Chapter,  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  all  strong  and  compact 
organizations.  The  Odd  Fellows  have  these  organizations  :  Oneco  Lodge,  Wells  Encampment,  Canton  Colfax  and 
Oneco  Mutual  Relief  Association.  The  Knights  of  Honor,  Improved  Order  of  Red  Men,  Roval  Arcanum,  Knights 
of  Pythias,  Ancient  Order  of  Hibernians,  British  American  Association,  Father  Mathew  Total  Abstinence  Society, 
the  Father  Mathew  Ladies'  .\id  Society,  the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen,  the  Robert  Emmet  Association, 
the  St.  Jean  Baptiste  Society  and  the  Young  Men's  Christian  .Association  all  have  large  memberships  and  are  flour- 
ishing organizations.  For  purely  social  organizations  or  clubs  there  are  the  North  Adams,  the  Club  Brunswick, 
the  Washington,  the  Franco-American,  the  Pastime  Athletic  Club  and  the  Lime  Kiln  Club.  The  town  has  a  fine 
hospital,  owning  its  own  grounds  and  building,  an  excellent  public  library,  a  capable  fire  department,  and  in  the 
town  are  the  grounds  and  half-mile  track  of  the  Hoosac  Valley  Agricultural  Society.  All  of  these  things  tend 
to  make  North  .'\dams  what  it  is, — a  happy,  prosperous  community. 


564 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AN  interesting  and  picturesque  figure  in  the  liistory 
of  North  Adams  is  Judge    James   T.   Robinson. 
In  the  legal  profession  he  has  won  success  and  distinc- 
tion.    In  politics  he  has  received  honors  which  demon- 
strate   his    secure    place    in    the    popular   regard.     In 
journalism  his  striking  abilities  have  been  devoted  to  a 
useful  purpose  in  the  discussion  of  the  great  questions 
of  the  day  and  the  moulding  of  public  opinion.     It  is 
not  often  that  roles   requiring  such  distinct  orders  of 
talent  are  found  com- 
bined in  so  eminent 
a  degree  in  one  per- 
son.     Judge    Robin- 
son    was      born     in 
Adams,    Berkshire 
County,  Mass.,  Sept. 
6,  1822.     .\t  the  age 
of  fifteen    he  moved 
to  N  o  r  t  h  .-K  d  a  m  s  , 
where   he    has   since 
made  his  home.    His 
earlier  education  was 
obtained  in  the  pub- 
lic school  and  acad- 
e  m  y  ,  with  a  few 
terms  s]ient  at  Shel- 
burne    Falls,    \Vorth- 
ington  and  Benning- 
ton, Vt.     In  1844  he 
was  graduated  at 
Williams  College. 
He   read  law  in   the 
office    of   his   father, 
Thomas  Robinson, 
an  able  lawyer.  Later 
he  was  in  partnership 
with  his  father.     His 
subsefjuent    career 
confirmed    the    wis- 
dom of  his  choice  of 

a  calling.  He  easily  mastered  great  legal  principles, 
while  his  remarkable  memory  enabled  him  to  treasure 
up  for  immediate  use  such  facts  as  are  indispensable  in 
so  exacting  a  profession.  He  became  a  powerful  advo- 
cate. Nature  gave  him  great  gifts  :  a  striking  presence, 
a  melodious  voice,  an  effective  action,  a  command  of 
language  equal  to  every  demand,  and  charged  with  the 
most  attractive  graces  and  ability  to  reason  along  severe 
logical  lines.     All  these  gifts  and  forces  have  gained  for 


JAMES    T.    ROBINSON 


Mr.  Robinson  a  foremost  place,  whether  in  the  court 
room  or  on  the  political  rostrum.  In  early  life  he  was 
a  Whig,  but  in  184S  he  joined  the  Free-soil  movement, 
and  later  went  into  the  Republican  organization.  In  his 
loyalty  to  this  party,  he  has  never  swerved.  Twice  he 
has  been  elected  to  the  Massachusetts  State  Senate.  It 
was  during  his  last  term  in  the  Senate,  in  1859,  that  he 
was  appointed  judge  of  probate  for  Berkshire  County. 
He  has  held  that  position  ever  since.     He  was  secretary 

of  the  famous  consti- 
tutional    convention 

of    Massachusetts  in 

1853,  and  was  also  a 
delegate-at-large  t  o 
the  Republican  Na- 
tional Convention  in 
i860,  which  nomi- 
nated Abraham  Lin- 
coln for  president. 
In  1866  Judge  Rob- 
inson purchased  the 
North  Adams  Trans- 
cript, one  of  the  best 
weekly  papers  in 
New  England  and  he 
is  still  its  editor  and 
senior  proprietor. 
The  editorial  depart- 
ment, especially,  has 
a  high  standing 
among  journals.  It 
is  instructive  in  that 
sense  in  which  his- 
tory, experience, 
knowledge,  illustra- 
tion and  cogent 
reasoning  appeal  to 
the  best  sense  of  the 
reader.  On  all  polit- 
ical subjects  the 
editor  is  enabled  to  pour  from  his  extensive  knowledge 
such  information,  and  to  clothe  his  thoughts  in  such 
excellent  language,  as  to  arrest  public  attention.  The 
North  Adams  Transcript,  under  Judge  Robinson's  man- 
agement, has  been  a  most  potent  factor  in  moulding  the 
public  opinion  of  Western  Massachusetts.  Despite  his 
age,  Judge  Robinson  is  still  active  and  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  unimpaired  mental  and  physical  strength,  which 
promises  to  last  many  years  more. 


NORTH  ADAMS. 


565 


ASHLEY  B.  WRIGHT,  of  North  Adams,  congress- 
man elect,  was  born  in  Hinsdale,  Mass.,- in  1841, 
and  is  the  son  of   Charles  Wright,  who  was  one  of  the 
pioneers   of    the    Republican   party   in    Massachusetts. 
Hon.  Ashley  B.  Wright's  early  years  were  spent  in  Hins- 
dale, and  he  was  educated  in  the   public  schools  of  that 
town,  and  in  Professor  Lincoln's  Academy.     He  went  to 
North  Adams  when  he   was  twenty  years  old,  and  be- 
came   chief  deputy    internal    revenue   collector,    under 
Collector    Tinker. 
He    had    charge    of 
the    tenth   district, 
comprising      Hamp- 
shire  and    Berkshire 
counties,  and  also  of 
the    home    office    in 
North    Adams    from 
its    organization     to 
the  close  of  the  war. 
At  that  time  the  in- 
ternal revenue  taxes 
were  very  heavy,  and 
hundreds    of     thou- 
sands of  dollars  were 
collected,  Mr.  Wright 
[jerforming    the    du- 
ties of  his  office  with 
conscientious    care. 
After  the  close  of  the 
war    he     became    a 
merchant    in    North 
Adams,  and  has  con- 
tinued in  business 
ever  since.    In  North 
Adams    Mr.    Wright 
served   for  several 
years  as  town  clerk. 
He    was    afterwards 
chosen   selectman, 
and    for    four    years 

was  chairman  of  the  board.  In  politics  Mr.  Wright 
has  always  been  a  Republican.  He  was  one  of  the 
county  commissioners  of  Berkshire  County  for  three 
years,  and  chairman  of  the  board  for  one  year.  In 
this  capacity  he  rendered  valuable  services  to  the 
county,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  efficient 
commissioners  Berkshire  ever  had.  In  1889  Mr.  Wright 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Exectitive  Council  from 
the  Eighth  Massachusetts  District,  and  was  re-elected 


ASHLEY    B.    WRIGHT. 


the  following  year.  In  that  body  Mr.  Wright  served  on 
the  committees  on  Pardons,  Finance,  Military  and 
Charitable  Institutions.  In  September,  1892,  Mr. 
Wright  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  acclamation  by 
the  First  Massachusetts  District  Republican  Conven- 
tion, kiiftx  a  discussion  in  the  public  prints  lasting  for 
several  weeks,  the  sentiment  of  the  party  finally  crystal- 
lized on  Mr.  \\'right  as  its  strongest  candidate.  Such 
proved  to  be  the  case,  for  at  the  polls  in  November  he 

was   elected,   defeat- 
ing Congressman 
John      Crawford 
Crosby,    the    strong- 
est and  most  popular 
Democrat  in  Western 
Massachusetts,    who 
had  made  an   excel- 
lent record  at  Wash- 
ington in  the    Fifty- 
second   Congress. 
.\side  from  his  polit- 
ical   offices,    Mr. 
Wright   has    held 
many    positions    of 
trust  in  the  commer- 
cial and    fi  n  a  n  c  i  a  1 
world.     He   is  a  di- 
rector in  the  Adams 
National    Bank   of 
North  Adams,  and  a 
member   of    the  In- 
vestment Committee 
of  the  North  Adams 
Savings    Bank.      He 
is  liked  by  every  one, 
is  philanthropic,  and 
has  probably  assisted 
as  many  poor  people 
with   his  means  and 
kind    words   as    any 
man  now  li\ing  in  North  Adams.     His  friends  look  for- 
ward to  a  successful  congressional  career  for  him.     Mr. 
Wright's  long  experience  in  public  affairs,  joined  with 
his  business  ability,  and  his  thorough  acquaintance  with 
the  needs  of  his  congressional  district,  will  make  him  a 
most  useful  representative  at  Washington,  and  a  worthy 
member   of   the    Massachusetts  delegation,  which    has 
ever   maintained    a   high    reputation   and    strongly    in- 
fluenced national  legislation. 


5  66 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


A  I.BERT  C.  HOUGHTON,  president  of  the  Arnold 
Print    Works   of    Nortii   Adams,    is  a  native    of 
Stamford,  Vt.,  and  is  about  forty-five  years  of  age.     His 
business  career  lias  been  one  of  great  success  and  is  due 
to  his  masterful  abilities.     Starting  in  life  with  no  other 
capital  than  his  hand  and  brain,  he  has  triumphed  over 
obstacles  which  would  have   defeated  most    men,  and 
to-day  occupies  a  leading  position  among  the  business 
men  of  Massachusetts.     He  is  a    trustee    of   Williams 
College,  State  direc- 
tor of  the  Fitchburg 
Railroad,     president 
of  the  North  Adams 
Savings    Bank,    vice- 
president  of  the 
Adams     National 
Bank,  director  in  the 
Berkshire  Life  Insur- 
ance  Company,  and 
was,    by    Governor 
Brackett,    appointed 
a  World's  Fair  com- 
missioner,   but    this 
position    he     subse- 
quently   resigned. 
His    special    promi- 
nence is  as  president 
and   principal  owner 
of    the  Arnold   Print 
Works   and    its    four 
tributary  cotton  mills, 
consisting    of    com- 
modious brick  build, 
ings    covering     over 
fifteen    acres    of 
ground,    furnishing 
employment  to  over 
two  thousand  ]ieople 
and   having  a  yearly 
pay-roll  of  over  eight 

hundred  thousand  dollars,  being  one  of  the  largest  con- 
cerns under  single  control  in  Massachusetts.  The 
Arnold  Print  Works  is  the  leading  establishment  of  its 
kind  in  the  United  States  for  variety  and  excellence  of 
its  production  ;  it  is  not  surpassed  in  facilities  or  organ- 
ization by  any  rival  in  Europe.  One  pleasing  thing  to 
Mr.  Houghton  is  that  no  employee  in  the  concern  with 
which  he  is  connected  has  ever  engaged  in  any  strike. 
.\   committee    appointed    by   the    Knights    of    Labor 


ALBERT   C.    HOUGHTON 


reported  his  mill  paying  the  highest  wages  of  any 
like  concern  under  their  jurisdiction.  His  business 
acquaintance  is  very  large  and  influential,  and  his 
standing  among  bankers  and  in  financial  circles  in  New 
^"ork  City  and  Boston  is  the  very  best.  Though  never 
in  public  office  he  has  been  from  early  years  an 
extremely  interested  member  of  the  Democratic  party, 
and  since  his  going  to  North  Adams  has  done  more 
than  any  other  man  to  develop  the  growing  Democratic 

strength  there,  which 
now     nearly     equals 
that  of  the  Republi- 
cans,   in    what    was, 
until    recent     years, 
the  banner  Republi- 
can   town    of    Berk- 
shire    County.      He 
gives  liberally  of  his 
time    and    money  in 
political    campaigns, 
and    Governor    Rus- 
sell has  had  no  more 
potent  aid   in  West- 
e  r  n      Massachusetts 
than  that  contributed 
by   him.     In    recog- 
nition of  Mr.  Hough- 
ton's valuable  politi- 
cal work,  and  his  ex- 
tended  and    influen- 
tial      acquaintance 
with  public  men,  the 
State  Convention  of 
the    Democratic 
party  chose    him    as 
delegate  to  the   Na- 
tional Convention  to 
Chicago    in     1892. 
Mr.    Houghton    was 
an  earnest  supporter 
of  Mr.  Cleveland's  nomination  from  beginning  to  end, 
and  he  is  a  manufacturer  who  has  a  firm  belief  in  Mr. 
Cleveland's  policy  of    tariff  reform.     Mr.  Houghton   is 
also  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Democratic  Club  of 
North  Adams,  and  under  his  leadership  it  promises  to 
become  one  of  the  most  active  political  organizations 
in  Berkshire  County.     He  is  firm  in  his  friendships,  and 
there  are  many  young  men  who  owe  their  present  inde- 
pendent position  to  his  kindly  interest  and  aid. 


XORTH  ADAMS. 


567 


FRANK  STONE  RICHARI  )SUN,  one  of  the  most 
successful  business  men  of  his  native  town,  was 
born  in  North  Adams,  Oct.  18,  1856,  and  is  conse- 
quently in  his  thirty-seventh  year.  Mr.  Richardson  is 
the  son  of  the  late  .\masa  \V.  Richardson,  one  of  the 
pioneer  manufacturers  of  Berkshire  County,  and  Ksther 
Cone,  of  Albany,  N.  V.  It  is  fitting  that  a  few  words 
should  be  said  of  Mr.  .-^masa  W.  Richardson,  for  he  was 
one  of  the  notable  men  of  Northern  Berkshire.  I^arly 
in  life  he  successfully 
established  a  large 
dry  goods  business. 
In  1848,  with  Wells, 
White  &  Co.,  he  pur- 
chased the  lames  K. 
Marshall  property, 
including  the  old 
Phcenix  Cotton  Mill, 
the  Stone  Mill  on 
River  Street,  and  the 
Cnion  Print  Works, 
located  where  the 
\\  iiidsor  Print  Works 
now  stand.  The 
company  was  very 
successful.  Later  on 
he  was  a  successful 
paper  manufacturer 
at  Adams.  He  was 
for  a  time  president 
of  the  old  National 
Bank  of  .-Xdams,  and 
assistant  treasurer  of 
the  Troy  &  Green- 
field Railroad  Com- 
pany. His  business 
career,  like  that  of 
his  son,  was  closely 
identified  with  the 
business    growth    of 

North  .-Xdams,  and  he  contributed  much  toward  the  in- 
dustrial development  of  the  western  part  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. Mr.  Frank  Stone  Richardson  was  educated 
in  the  [uiblic  schools  of  North  .Adams,  and  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  old  Drury  High  School  in  the  class  of 
1875.  Since  the  year  1S78,  Mr.  Richardson  has  been 
the  treasurer  and  manager  of  the  North  .\dams  ( Jas 
Light  Company.  It  operates  the  business  of  electric 
lighting  and  for  its  size  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous 


5SSS3SS 


FRANK    S     RICHARDSON. 


companies  in  New  England,  doing  a  very  large  business 
for  its  capital.  Mr.  Richardson  was  clerk  and  treasurer 
of  the  North  .Adams  fire  district  from  1883  to  1891, 
dtiring  the  time  of  the  large  and  important  increase  of 
the  district's  water  supply  from  artesian  wells  and  the 
Broad  Brook  system.  In  this  capacity  he  was  enabled 
to  render  the  town  much  valuable  ser\ice.  Mr.  Rich- 
ardson was  treasurer  and  manager  of  the  L^nited  Zy- 
lonite  Company  from    1S87  until   the  purchase  of  the 

zylonite  works  by 
the  Celluloid  Com- 
pany, something  less 
than  two  years  ago. 
I'he  transactions  of 
the  Zylonite  Com- 
pany amounted  to 
several  million  dol- 
lars, and  in  the 
management  of  the 
affairs  of  the  com- 
pany Mr.  Richard- 
son showed  marked 
ability  and  skill.  In 
politics  Mr.  Richard- 
son has  always  been 
an  earnest  and  zeal- 
ous Republican  and 
is  always  ready  to 
contribute  in  every 
legitimate  way  for 
the  success  of  his 
party.  He  has  never 
sought  public  office, 
the  many  demands 
of  his  business  keep- 
ing him  fully  occu- 
pied. Mr.  Richard- 
son enlisted  in  the 
State  Militia  in  1878, 
and  for  four  years 
was  in  the  service.  He  held  commissions  as  second 
and  first  lieutenant,  and  at  the  time  of  his  resignation  in 
1882  was  the  captain  of  Company  F,  Second  Regiment 
of  Infantry.  Mr.  Richardson  was  married,  June  4,  1890, 
to  Mrs.  .Alice  Rudderow  Bonnell,  of  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Thev  have  no  children.  It  is  no  e.vaggeration  to  say 
that  Mr.  Richardson  is  one  of  the  most  likable  and 
popular  men  in  his  native  town,  to  which  he  has  ren- 
dered so  many  services. 


S68 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


NL.  MILLARD,  one  of  the  successful  shoe  manu- 
,     facturers  of  North  Adams,  and  long  identified 
with  its  interests,  was  born  in  Stamford,  Vt.,  where  amid 
farm  life    his  boyhood  was    passed.     He  was  early  dis- 
posed to  leave  the  farm  and  enter  upon   more    active 
pursuits,  and  began    business  life    at  North  Adams  in 
1 86 1,  entering   the    employ   of    Ingalls,    Tyler   &   Co., 
woollen  manufacturers,  as  book-keeper,  with  whom   he 
remained  eight  years.     Mr.  Millard  comes  from  a  sturdy, 
independent     V  e  r- 
mont  family,  and  his 
ambition    was    satis- 
fi  e  d     with    nothing 
short   of   a   business 
career   on    his    own 
account.     Accord- 
ingly,  in    i86g,    hav- 
ing formed  a  partner- 
ship with  his  brother, 
!•:.    R.    Millard,  who 
had  been   successful 
as  a  stock  grower  in 
the  West,  they,  under 
the  firm  name  of   K. 
R.  &  N.   L.    Millard, 
and  without  any  pre- 
vious experience    in 
this     line     whatever, 
Ijegan     the     m  a  n  u- 
faiture     of    shoes. 
This    industry     h  a  d 
long  had  a  foothold 
in    the    town,    and 
they   were   attracted 
to   it  bv  the  success 
a  n  d    growth   with 
which    it    had   been 
attended.      They 
purchased   of   C.   T. 
Sampson     his   old 

factory  on  Eagle  Street,  next  to  the  river,  and  began 
in  a  small  way,  soon  making  one  hundred  and  twenty 
pairs  per  day.  With  this  small  beginning  the  business 
steadily  increased  till  after  three  years  the  demands 
upon  them  necessitated  a  product  of  nine  hundred 
pairs  daily.  In  1874  Mr.  Millard  withdrew  from  the 
firm,  selling  his  interest  to  his  brother  ;  but  he  was  not 
long  out  of  the  business  of  shoe  manufacturing,  as  in 
1875,  by  the  purchase  of  the  interest  of    H.  S.  Millard, 


N.    L.    MILLARD 


of  the  firm  of  Millard  &  Whitman,  the  firm  of  Whit- 
man &  Millard  was  formed.  This  firm  continued 
seven  years,  when,  in  1882,  Mr.  Millard,  through  the 
the  purchase  of  his  partner's  interest,  became  .sole 
owner.  Meantime,  through  the  influence  of  growing 
competition,  the  methods  of  conducting  the  business  of 
shoe  manufacturing  were  changing  and  adjusting  them- 
selves to  new  conditions.  Mr.  Millard  was  quick  to 
discern    the   shifting   conditions   of    business   and  the 

demands  of   compe- 
tition,   and   took   an 
aggressive  policy    in 
the    complete   over- 
hauling of  lasts,  dies 
and  patterns,  result- 
ing in  the  production 
of  good-style,  medi- 
um and  cheap  goods 
which  have  met  with 
a  ready  sale.     In  the 
exercise    of   this 
policy    his    business 
grew  so  that  two  ad- 
ditions    have     been 
made  to  the  original 
plant.     To-day,  with 
a  floor  space  of  more 
than   thirty  thousand 
square  feet  and  with 
an  equipment  of  the 
best  and  most  mod- 
ern   machinery,    Mr. 
Millard  has  facilities 
for  the  production  of 
three  thousand  pairs 
daily.     These   goods 
are  sold  through  his 
Boston  office  at  No. 
96  Summer  Street  to 
the   wholesale    trade 
only,  his  customers   being  found    in  nearly  every  large 
city  in   the   Union.     In  November,    1892,  Mr.  Millard 
associated  with  him  his  nephew,  Charles  K.  Millard,  who 
for  several  years  had  filled  an  important  place  in  the 
business,  and  the  firm  name  is  now  N.  L.  Millard  &  Co. 
The  future  policy  of  this  house  will  be   to  employ  only 
the  best  workmen,  to  whom  the  highest  w-ages  will  be 
paid,  thereby  insuring  the  best  quality  of  labor  and  uni- 
formity of  product. 


NORTH  ADAMS. 


569 


S     PROCTOR  THAYER  was  born  in  North  Adams, 
,     July  I,  1853.     He  was   educated   at  the    Drury 
High  School  in  North  Adams  and  at  U'illiams  College, 
where  he  was  graduated  with  honor  in  the  summer  of 
1873.     While  in  college  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
tlie    Williams   Rn>ie7v,    a   college    paper,   and   was   the 
chairman  of   the  committee  of  arrangements  for  class 
day.     After  graduation  he  engaged  in  teaching  as  assis- 
tant in  the  high  school  in  North  Adams  and  as  princi 
pal  of  the  high  school 
in    Cheshire,    Mass. 
Afterwards,  in  1874, 
he   went   to   Boston, 
and    studied    law   in 
the    office  of   Alfred 
Heme n way     and 
James  P.  Farley,  Jr., 
in  Barristers'  Hall  on 
Court    Square,    Bos- 
ton, and  entered  the 
law  school  of  Boston 
University,  where  he 
graduated    in    1S76. 
In  May  of  the  same 
year   he    applied  for 
admission  to  the  bar 
of  the  Supreme  Court 
for    Suffolk    County, 
and     after   examina- 
tion his  petition  was 
granted.     He  re- 
turned to   North 
Adams  after  his  ad- 
mission   to   the  bar, 
and    since  that  time 
he  has  been  engaged 
in  practising  law  with 
his    father,   Hon. 
Shepherd    Thayer, 
under    the    style    of 

S.  Thayer  &  Son.  After  his  return  to  North  Adams  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  School  Committee  of  that 
town,  which  office  he  held  for  fifteen  years  successi\ely. 
During  that  time  he  was  very  active  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  school  work,  and  many  improvements  in  the 
educational  system  and  school  buildings  of  North  Adams 
were  suggested  and  carried  through  by  him.  Upon  the 
separation  of  the  town  of  North  Adams  from  the  old 
town  of  Adams  he  issued  his  warrant  for  the  first  town 


S.    PROCTOR   THAYER. 


meeting  of  the  new  town  of  North  Adams,  and  he  has 
been  prominent  in  all  public  matters  connected  with 
the  town  since  he  became  of  age.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  original  committee  that  established  the  public 
library,  and  the  arrangement  and  classification  of  its 
books  and  the  first  catalogue  were  made  under  his 
direction.  He  drafted  all  the  bills  which  provided  for 
the  present  water  supply  of  North  Adams,  and  was  one 
of  a  committee  of  three  which  constructed  the  Broad 

Brook   water    supply 
system,  at  a  cost  of 
over  a  quarter  of   a 
million  dollars.     He 
assisted     in    writing 
several  school-books, 
some  of  which  are  in 
use    to-day,    and    he 
has    written    a   short 
history  of    Berkshire 
County    and    various 
lectures  and   articles 
upon  educational  and 
other  subjects.      He 
was  twice  appointed 
special  justice  of  the 
District    Court     of 
Northern    Berkshire, 
which    office    he    re- 
signed  upon  his 
election   as    member 
of     the    Legislature. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives  for    the 
years    of     1880   and 
1 88 1,  and  served  on 
the  committees  on 
the    Hoosac    Tunnel 
and     Constitutional 
Amendments.       H  e 
was  elected  senator  from  the  Northern  Berkshire  Dis- 
trict  in    1884  and    1885,   and    served  in   that  body  as 
chairman  of   the  committees   on  the   Hoosac   Tunnel, 
Public  Sen-ice,  Education  and  Bills  in  the  Third  Read- 
ing.    Mr.   Thayer    has   always   been   a   Republican    in 
politics,  and  his  services  have  been  frequently  in  request 
as  a  stump  speaker  and  as  manager  of  local  pohtical 
campaigns,  in  which  he  has  been  very  successful.     He 
is  unmarried. 


570 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JAMES    HUNTER    was  born  in  the   town  of  Gala- 
shiels, Scotland,  June  8,  1806.    On  both  his  father's 
and   his   mother's   side  he  came  of   good  stock.     His 
paternal  grandfather  was  for  a  long  time  a  prosperous 
merchant  of  Leith,  so  that  his  father,  Andrew  Hunter, 
grew  to  manhood  with  the  privileges  of  the  genteel  fam- 
ilies of  those  days,  and  married  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
Laird  Blaikie,  one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  Galashiels. 
Four  sons  and  one  daughter  were  born  to  them,  but  the 
family  fortunes  were 
soon  changed  by 
great    losses    in    the 
East  India  trade,  and 
the    sons,   therefore, 
inherited  little  except 
the  stock  of    intelli- 
gence and  manly  in- 
dependent   qualities 
of    character    which 
come  of  good  ances- 
try.    They,  however, 
all   received   a  good 
education    at    a  pri- 
vate school  for  boys 
in  Edinburgh,  where 
James     Hunter    was 
sent  when  nine  years 
of  age,  and  remained 
six  years.    At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  was  ap- 
prenticed to  Alexan- 
der Sanderson   to 
learn  the  business  of 
woollen   manufactur- 
ing, and  in  1829  he 
married  the  daughter 
of    Thomas    Walker, 

who  was  one  of  the  JAMES    HUNTER 

old    manufactur- 
ers and  a  prominent 

citizen  of  Galashiels.  Great  depression  overtook  the 
manufacturing  interests  of  Scotland  during  the  early 
thirties,  and  Mr.  Hunter  emigrated  with  his  wife  and 
two  children  in  1833.  For  five  years  he  lived  in  Otsego 
County,  N.  Y.,  working  at  his  trade.  In  1838  he  went 
to  North  Adams,  and  soon  became  superintendent  of 
a  part  of  the  mill  of  Brown  &  Tyler,  afterward  Brown 
cV  Harris.  In  1846,  with  others,  he  built  the  first  cotton 
mill  at  Greylock,  and,  in  1847,  exchanged  his  share  of 


this  mill  [for  the  furnace  property  in  North  Adams. 
Though  this  was  a  new  business  to  Mr.  Hunter,  he 
made  it  successful  by  patient  industry  and  an  intelligent 
study  of  its  natural  development,  and  the  present  large 
and  prosperous  business  of  the  James  Hunter  Machine 
Company,  of  which  James  E.  Hunter,  the  oldest  son, 
is  at  the  head,  has  been  the  outgrowth  of  these  small 
beginnings.  Mr.  Hunter,  as  an  employee,  always  gave 
more  than  was  expected  of  him.     He  once  said  :  "  I 

am    happy   to    think 
that  no  human  being 
ever  lost  a  dollar  by 
me,"  and  then  added, 
"  or  a  moment's  work 
when  I  was  employed 
by  others."     He  was 
the    true    and    kind 
friend  of  his  emi)loy- 
ees,  the  confidential 
adviser  and  helper  of 
many,  and  just,  gen- 
erous and  devoted  to 
the  interests   of   his 
patrons.     He  was  the 
consistent    advocate 
of  temperance,  edu- 
cation and    religion, 
intelligent  as  to  pub- 
lic questions  and  loyal 
to  American  institu- 
tions,   but    ever    re- 
taining an  ardent  love 
for  the    land    of    his 
birth.     He    was    for 
several    years   ]iresi- 
dent  of  the  Berkshire 
National    Bank.     At 
the  time  of  his  death, 
in  1 89 1,  he  had  been 
senior  deacon  of  the 
Congregational  church  for  a  long  term  of  years.     Mr. 
Hunter's  persevering  industry,  his  courage  in  overcom- 
ing difficulties,  his  strictness  of  life  and  stern  honesty, 
his  intelligent  methods  of  meeting  the  demands  of  bus- 
iness, make  him  a  tyjiical  adopted  son  of  America;  but 
more  than  that,  his  pleasing  and  cheerful  manners,  his 
personality,  which  stood  for  all  that  is  best  and  purest 
in  character,  and  his  life  of  gentle  usefulness  to  others 
make  him  a  fitting  e.xample  for  emulation  to  the  young. 


NORTH  ADAMS. 


571 


GILBERT  L.  JEWETT,  a  member  of   the  Massa- 
chusetts Legislature  and  a  representative  work- 
ingman  of  North  Adams,  was  born  in  South  Deerfield, 
Mass.,  Dec.   22,    1839,  and  is  a  son   of  James  M.  and 
Sophrona  Jewett.     He  is  one  of  a  large  family  of  chil- 
dren, and,  like  thousands  of  New  England  boys,  in  his 
youth  attended  the  district  school  in  winter  and  worked 
manfully  in  the    summer.      Later  on  he  attended    the 
Dickinson  Academy  at  Deerfield.     The  success  which 
he    has    attained    in 
life    has    been    the 
reward    of    his    own 
efforts.      With    the 
exception    of    his 
army    service,    Mr. 
Jewett  was  by  calling 
a  fairly  pros])erous 
farmer  in   South 
Deerfield    until    the 
year   1885,  when   he 
m  o  \-  e  d    to    N  a  r  t  h 
.\dams.      Since    that 
time   he  has  been  a 
shoe  cutter,  and  can 
fairly    claim    to    be 
one  of  the  represen- 
tative   working   men 
of    that     prosperous 
town,   intelligent,  in- 
dustrious and  frugal. 
Mr.  Jewett's  war  rec- 
ord    is     not     unlike 
that  of  thousands  of 
others.      He    was   a 
brave  and  honorable 
soldier,  and  the  rec- 
ord   is    pleasing   to 
him,  his  friends  and 
acquaintances.       He 
enlisted  Feb.  9,  1864, 

and  joined  the  regiment  to  which  he  was  assigned,  the 
Twenty-first  ALissachusetts  Infantry,  at  Annapolis,  Md. 
While  a  member  of  the  regiment  Mr.  Jewett  participated 
in  nine  engagements,  and  was  taken  a  prisoner  near  the 
Weldon  Railroad,  .\ug.  19,  1864.  He  was  confined  at 
first  in  Libby  Prison,  then  at  Belle  Isle,  and  being  very 
ill  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  taken  to  a  hospital  at 
Richmond,  Va.  He  was  finally  exchanged  and  went  to 
Annapolis.     While   a    prisoner,   the  Twenty-first   Regi- 


GILBERT    L,    JEWETT, 


ment  had  been  consolidated  with  the  Thirty-sixth,  and 
Mr.  Jewett  joined  that  regiment.  He  served  honorably 
and  with  great  credit.  Mr.  Jewett  is  a  member  of 
Charles  D.  Sanford  Post,  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
of  North  Adams,  and  has  been  its  commander,  and 
held  other  positions  of  responsibility  in  the  order.  He 
has  ever  been  ready  to  do  his  share  of  the  work  of  that 
organization,  and  to  contribute  his  share  to  the  charity 
fund.     In   politics  Mr.  Jewett   is  an  earnest  and  loyal 

Republican.      In 
I  89  I    he   was    the 
candidate    of    his 
party  for  State   rep- 
resentative  in    the 
First  Berkshire   Dis- 
trict, and  was  hand- 
somely elected.     He 
did  excellent  service 
on  .the  Military  Com- 
mittee in  the  House, 
and  he  was  honored 
with  an  appointment 
by   Speaker  Barrett, 
as  a  member  of  the 
Legislative  Commit- 
tee to  represent  the 
State   of    Massachu- 
setts at  the  opening 
and  dedicatory  exer- 
cises of  the  World's 
Columbian     Exposi- 
tion at    Chicago,    in 
October,    1892.      .\t 
the  State  election  in 
November,     1892, 
Mr.  Jewett  was  again 
elected  to  the  lower 
branch   of   the  State 
Legislature.     His 
constituents      were 
certainly  well    pleased  with   the    record  which  he    had 
made  the  first  year  in  that  body,  for  at  his  second  elec- 
tion he  received  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  forty- 
five  votes  to  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety-four 
in   1 89 1.     He  enjoys  a  widespread    popularity   among 
his  fellow-members    of    the    Legislature,    regardless    of 
party.     Mr.   Jewett   was    married,    March   4,    1861,   to 
Miss  Arvilla  C.  Wood.     Their  only  child  is  an  adopted 
daughter,  Lilly  M.,  who  is  nine  years  old. 


572 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JOHN  RRACF:WELL  was  born,  June   i8,   1837,  in 
Clitheroe,  England.     His  fatiier,  Miles  Bracewell, 
from  his  early  boyhood  had  been  engaged  in  printing 
calico,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  the  senior  part- 
ner and  principal  owner  of  two  printworks  —  one  at 
Oakenshaw,    Lancashire,   and   another  at    Kersal    Vale, 
near  Manchester,   England.     When   eighteen    years    of 
age  Mr.  Bracewell   had  established   such   a  reputation 
that   he   recei\ed  the  offer   of   a   position    as  assistant 
manager  in  the  Mer- 
rimack Print  Works, 
Lowell,    Mass.,    and 
remained   there    five 
years    and   a    half, 
winning   for   himself 
a  distinguished   rep- 
utation.      Certainly, 
it  argues    some    un- 
usual qualities  in   his 
work    while    there, 
some  extraordinary 
gifts    and    capacities 
in    his    nature,    that 
could    have   led    the 
Cocheco      Manufac- 
turing   Company    of 
Dover,  N.  H.,  to  call 
this    young    man    of 
twenty-three  years  of 
age  to   its   most   re- 
sponsible position, — 
that    of   manager   of 
its  print    works. 
Soon    after   entering 
upon    his  new  duties 
Mr.    Bracewell    took 
advantage  of  the  sus- 
pension  of    work    in 
the    manufactory, 
made    necessary   at 

that  period  of  the  Civil  War,  to  enlarge  his  scientific 
knowledge  by  attending  lectures  on  chemistry  at  Har- 
vard College.  He  studied  with  great  thoroughness  this 
science  during  a  five  months'  course,  and  at  the  same 
time  directed  the  many  repairs  and  changes  which  were 
being  made  in  the  print  works  at  Dover.  With  the 
beginning  of  the  year  1861  Mr.  Bracewell  took  up  his 
residence  in  Dover.  The  remarkable  enterprise  and 
judgment  of  the  new  manager  made   themselves  at  once 


JOHN    BRACEWELL 


felt.  For  just  twenty  years  he  continued  in  his  position 
These  years  witnessed  a  series  of  brilliant  successes. 
He  showed  himself  to  be  a  genius  in  his  profession. 
To  his  originating,  creative  mind  he  joins  an  unusual 
power  of  adapting  to  his  own  uses  suggestions  coming 
from  whatever  source.  By  his  sheer  abilities,  his  in- 
domitable energy,  his  quickness  of  insight,  his  tireless 
perseverance  and  his  perfect  command  of  the  minute 
details  of  every  branch  of  his  work,  he  soon  lifted  the 

Cocheco   goods   to 
the   very  head    of 
their  class,  and  held 
them    there    to    the 
last   day  of   his   ser- 
vice.    During    his 
residence    in    Dover 
he  endeared  himself 
to  all  classes  of  peo- 
ple  by   his   large- 
hearted    liberality, 
his     great    geniality 
and     his    keen    per- 
sonal   interest    in 
whatever    affected 
the    welfare    of    the 
city  or  the  condition 
of    every    individual 
in  it.     Though  born 
and    educated    an 
Englishman,  he  early 
became    an    ardent, 
patriotic      American 
citizen.     In  January, 
1 88 1,  Mr.  ISracewell 
removed     to     North 
Adams,    and    pur- 
chased a  third  inter- 
est   in  the   Freeman 
Manufacturing  Com- 
pany of    that    place. 
The   same  success   which  was  acquired  in    Dover  has 
followed  his  abilities  into  the  great  business  which  he 
represents   at    North    Adams.     The    Windsor   calicoes, 
and    other    products    of    the    Freeman    Manufacturing 
Company,  already  stand  in  the  market  among  the  fore- 
most of  their  class.     Mr.  Bracewell  served  on  (iov.  Pres- 
cott's  staff,  with  the  rank  of  colonel.     He   has   been  a 
member  of  the  Republican  State  Committee.     1  )artmouth 
College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  M.  A.  in  1877. 


NORTH  ADAMS. 


573 


HTORRIE  CADV,  of  North  Adams,  is  one  of  the 
,     live,  energetic  manufacturers  of  the  town.     He 
was  born  in  North  Adams,  Jan.   17,  1844,  and  is  in  the 
prime  of  life,  with  his  best  years  for  work  and  develop- 
ment before  him.     His  parents  were  Alanson  and  Jane 
A.  Cady,  and  both  were  of  vigorous  New  England  stock. 
The  father  at  one  time  was  a  large  land-owner,  and  in  the 
earlier  years  of  the  town  contributed  materially  to  its 
growth.       Mr.    Cady   was    educated    in    the    excellent 
schools  of  the  town, 
and    was    graduated 
at    "Old    Drury" 
Academy.      In    the 
early  days  of  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  Mr. 
Cady  enlisted  in  Col- 
onel   Morrison's  fa- 
mous   Black    Horse 
Cavalry  of  New  York, 
but    was    discharged 
on    account    of    his 

youthful  years.      He  ^i^ 

has  been  urged  to 
become  a  member  of 
Sanford  Post,  Grand 
Army  of  the  Repub- 
lic, but  has  always 
declined,  never  de- 
siring to  claim  more 
than  is  justly  his  due. 
The  veterans,  how- 
ever, know  Mr.  Cady 
as  one  of  their  warm 
friends,  who  is  always 
ready  to  assist  them 
in  the  tlieir  work  or 
charities.  In  1866, 
when  he  was  only 
twenty-two  years  old, 
Mr.  Cady  began  in  a 

small  way  as  a  shoe  manufacturer.  From  that  day  to  the 
present  his  business  has  grown  steadily  and  prospered. 
There  have  been  changes  and  partners  and  able  lieuten- 
ants, but  the  growth  has  been  steady,  until  to-day  Mr. 
Cady  gives  employment  to  two  hundred  and  seventy-five 
hands;  his  yearly  pay-roll  amounts  to  Si  10,000,  and  the 
annual  output  from  his  factory  is  five  hundred  thousand 
pairs  of  shoes.  Mr.  Cady's  shrewdness  and  tact  ha\e 
been  illustrated  in  his  dealings  with  his  employees.     He 


H.    TORRIE    CADY, 


has  had  no  so-called  labor  troubles,  and  that  is  due  to 
his  good  judgment.  Like  all  other  manufacturers,  Mr. 
Cady  desires  a  successful  and  remunerative  business ; 
he  knows  that  a  liberal  spirit,  a  desire  to  treat  his  em- 
ployees fairly  and  generously  in  wages  and  hours  of 
labor  has  a  tendency  to  cause  them  to  work  for  his 
interest.  In  other  words,  they  realize  that  prosperity 
for  their  employer  means  increased  wages  and  comfort 
for  themselves.     Mr.  Cady  in  politics  is  a  Republican, 

and  he  has  been  an 
earnest  worker  for  the 
success  of   his  party. 
In     1889    h  e     w  a  s 
elected  a  member  of 
the     Massachusetts 
House  of  Represen- 
tatives,   receiving    a 
very  handsome  vote, 
and      the     following 
year  he  was   elected 
a    member    of    the 
State  Senate,  defeat- 
ing   the     strongest 
candidate    that    the 
Democrats    c  o  u  1  d 
name.  While  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  he 
served  on    the  joint 
standing  committees 
on  Banks  and  Bank- 
ing and  Federal  Rela- 
tions.    When  a  sen- 
ator he  served  on  the 
committees  on  Man- 
ufactories, Roads  and 
Bridges.    He  de- 
clined   to    accept   a 
renomination     as    a 
senator,  although 
sure  of   an  election. 
He  is  vice-president  of   the   Berkshire   National    Bank 
and  one  of  the  directors ;    he  is  also  a  trustee  of  the 
North  Adams  Savings  Bank,  and  president  and   one  of 
the   directors   of  the  North   Adams    Gas   and    Electric 
Light  Company.     Mr.  Cady  was  married  to  Miss  Harriett 
E.  Cook,  of  Cheshire,  Mass.,  June  14,  i858.     They  have 
one  daughter.   .  He  was  a  delegate-at-large  to  the  Re- 
publican National  Convention  of  Minneapolis,  and  was 
a  strong  supporter  of    President  Harrison's  candidacy. 


574 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AMONC;    the    many   able    young   business    men"  of 
Western    Massachusetts    there    is    none    who   is 
better  known  than  WiUiam  Arthur  Cialhip,  treasurer  and 
clerk  of  the  Arnold  Print  Works  of  North  Adams.     He 
was  born  Oct.  28,  185  i,  and   is   the  son  of  William  W. 
and  Eugenia  O.  C.allup.     He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  North  Adams,  and  while  still  a  youth  obtained 
a  ])ractical  business  training  in  the  store  of  his  father, 
who  was  one   of    the  leading  merchants  of    the  town. 
After    several    years' 
exjierience   obtained 
in  this  way  he  entered 
the  store  of  Briggs  lV- 
Roland,  who   were 
merchant  tailors,  and 
after    working    there 
for  a  time  he  entered 
the  Adams   National 
Bank   as    a   clerk  in 
i86g.     He  remained 
there  for  a  year,  and 
in   1870  entered  the 
employment  of  Har- 
vey  Arnold    iS:    Co., 
calico   printers,    as 
an  office  boy.     The 
training  he    had    re- 
ceived in  his  father's 
store  and  the    expe- 
rience gained  in    his 
connection  with  other 
establishments,  stood 
him    in  good    stead, 
and   his    promotion 
was  steady  in  his  new 
place.     '1'  h  e  ji  r  i  n  t 
works  were  destroyed 
by  fire   in   1872  and 
were  rebuilt  in  1873, 
and    through  all  the 

vicissitudes  of  the  concern  he  retained  his  connection 
therewith  until  1876,  when  the  corporation  of  the  Arnold 
Print  Works  was  organized,  and  Mr.  Gallup  as  one  of 
the  charter  members  was  elected  clerk  and  director. 
The  same  year  he  also  entered  into  partnership  with 
Edwin  Barnard  in  the  clothing  business,  and  this  con- 
nection was  continued  until  1881,  when  he  withdrew 
from  the  firm  to  concentrate  his  attention  on  the  large 
and  growing  manufacturing  interests  with  which  he  was 


WILLIAM    A     GALLUP 


concerned.  In  1877  Mr.  (lallup  purchased  his  father's 
interest  in  the  cotton  manufacturing  firm  of  ( 'lalhip, 
Houghton  &  Smith,  who  operated  the  Beaver  Mill,  and 
in  1878  Messrs.  Gallup  and  Houghton  bought  out  Mr. 
Smith,  and  the  copartnership  then  formed  continues 
to-day.  In  1883  Mr.  Crallu])  was  made  treasurer  of  the 
Arnold  Print  Works,  and  still  holds  that  position.  He 
was  also  treasurer  of  the  North  Pownal  and  Williams- 
town  Manufacturing  companies  from  1877  to   1882,  and 

is  still  a  director  o^ 
those  concerns.    Mr. 
Gallup  has  never  held 
political  office,  al- 
though his   opinions 
are  pronounced,  and 
as     an    independent 
Cleveland    I  )emocrat 
he  holds  an  influen- 
tial   ])osition   in    his 
party.     He  has  been 
identified  with   St. 
John's    Episcopal 
Churc  h  of  North 
Adams    for   many 
years,  and  for  fifteen 
years     has     been    a 
vestryman     of    the 
parish.     He  is  a  lib- 
eral sup|iorter  of  the 
church,  but  his  bene- 
factions  have    not 
been   limited    to  the 
ecclesiastical  organi- 
zation with  which  he 
is  connected.     A 
large    and   w  e 1 1  - 
ai^pointed      addition 
which    was    made  in 
1892    to   the    North 
Adams  Hospital  was 
his  gift  as  a   memorial  to  his  wife,  who  died  Oct.  31, 
1889.     The  business  abilities  of  Mr.  Gallup  have  placed 
him  in  a  commanding  position  among  the  business  men 
of    Western  Massachusetts.      His    high    character   and 
steadfast  integrity  have  won  for  him  the  respect  of  the 
community  in  which    he    dwells.     Mr.   Gallup's  future 
business  career  promises  to  be  one  of  still  greater  benefit 
to  the  town  and  State,  of  which  he  is  a  valued  and  thor- 
oughly representative  citizen. 


AISEAUTIFUL  New  England  town,  with  a  population  of  10,000;  witii  the  best  of  schools,  churches  and 
libraries ;  with  diversified  industries  gi\  ing  employment  to  the  people ;  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley, 
which  is  surrounded  almost  on  every  hand  by  rugged  hillsides,  the  famous  Berkshire  Hills,  with  Greylock  towering 
over  all,  —  such,  in  brief,  is  the  town  of  Adams  as  it  exists  to-day.  This  is  a  different  picture  from  that  of  the 
wilderness.  The  valley  of  the  "  Hoosuck  "  it  was  then  called.  Captain  Thomas  Wells  petitioned  for  a  survey  and 
opening  for  settlement,  and  Captain  Ephraim  Williams,  from  whom  Williamstown  takes  its  name,  was  made  the 
chairman  of  a  commission  to  lay  out  the  towns.  That  was  in  1738.  'I'wo  years  later  three  townships  were  mapped 
out.  East  Hoosuck  was  one  of  the  three,  and  that  constituted  what  is  now  .Adams  and  North  Adams.  Oct.  15, 
1778,  a  special  act  of  the  Legislature  permitted  the  changing  of  the  name  of  the  plantation  of  East  Hoosuck  to 
.Adams,  a  name  given  in  honor  of  Samuel  .'\dams,  the  illustrious  leader  of  the  Revolution,  one  of  the  signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  afterwards  governor  of  Massachusetts. 

Cotton  manufacturing  has  been  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  the  town  since  181  o,  when  the 
first  cotton  mill  was  erected  in  the  north  part  of  the  town  by  Benjamin  Sibley,  Captain  Jeremiah  Colgrove  and 
others,  and  it  would  be  interesting,  if  space  permitted,  to  trace  the  growth  of  that  great  industry  down  to  the 
present,  and  compare  the  little,  almost  insignificant,  mills  of  that  time  with  the  magnificent  mills  of  to-day,  the 
superb  factories  of  the  Berkshire  and  Renfew  companies,  hardly  surpassed  in  the  world,  and  equipped  with  the 
best  machinery  that  mechanical  skill  can  produce.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  first  factory  in  .Adams  proper  was 
the  old  Plunkett  Mill,  there  being  only  a  grist  mill  preceding  it.  From  that  time  to  the  present  the  name  of 
I'lunkett  has  been  an  honored  one  in  the  manufacturing  industries  of  Berkshire. 

In  1877  the  town  of  .Adams  had  grown  too  large  and  unwieldy,  and  by  legislative  act  it  was  dividetl  into 
.Adams  and  North  Adams,  and  the  ]irosperous  daughter  is  now  sturdy  and  strong,  with  a  ]iopulation  of  nearly  if  not 
cpiite  eighteen  thousand. 

The  present  business  community  of  Adams  is  exceedingly  enterprising  and  acti\e.  In  the  last  ten  years 
the  vast  output  of  its  manufactories  has  doubled  in  \alue,  and  the  town  has  increased  in  population  proportionally. 
.Among  the  manufacturing  concerns  are  the  Berkshire  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company,  which  manufactures 
sateens  and  lawns,  the  Renfrew  Manufacturing  Company,  which  makes  fine  ginghams,  the  L.  L.  Brown  Paper 
Company,  which  turns  out  some  of  the  best  ledger  paper  that  is  made  in  the  world  ;  then  there  are  the  cotton 
warp  factories  of  W.  C.  Plunkett  &  Sons  and  Adams  Brothers  &  Co.,  and  the  large  lime-kilns  of  L.  J-  Follett  iV- 
Sons,  whose  lime  is  sent  all  over  the  country,  and  numerous  smaller  industries.  "ITiere  are  seven  churches  in 
town  :  the  Baptist,  Congregational,  Episcopal,  Methodist,  two  Roman  Catholic,  St.  Charles  and  Notre  Dame, 
and  Universalist. 

The  scenery  of  the  town  is  \ery  beautiful,  the  Hoosac  Mountain  on  the  east  commanding  a  view  of  the 
Deerfield  and  Hoosac  valleys,  while  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town  is  Creylock  Mountain,  the  highest  point 
in  the  State.  The  mountain  is  converted  into  a  park,  and  it  has  been  reserved  for  that  purpose  by  an  act  of  the 
Legislature.  It  is  surmounted  by  an  iron  tower  forty  feet  high,  and  the  view  from  it  is  unsurpassed  in  the  county. 
Below  lies  the  valley  of  the  Hoosac,  nearly  three  thousand  feet  below ;  Pittsfield,  the  county  seat,  with  its  beautiful 
lakes,  and  many  smaller  villages,  are  to  be  seen  in  the  valleys  and  on  the  hills  ;  southwestward  the  eye  sweeps  over 
the  top  of  the  Taghconics,  away  to  the  Catskills  beyond  the  Hudson.  Northwest  the  peaks  of  the  .Adirondacks 
are  visible  ;  in  the  north  the  sturdy  ridges  of  the  Green  Mountains  file  away  in  grand  outline  ;  on  the  east  Monad- 
nock  and  Wachusett  can  be  plainly  seen,  and  Tom  and  Holyoke  guard  the  Connecticut  River  that  flows  between 
them  ;  southward  Mount  Everett  stands  at  the  portal  of  Berkshire,  through  which  the  Housatonic  flows,  and  all 
this  grand  circuit  is  filled  with  hills,  mountains  and  valleys. 


576 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


OSCAR  A.  ARCHP:R,  of  North  Adams,  was  born  in 
Livonia,  N.  V.,  Sept.  3,   1829,  and  is  the  son  of 
Benjamin    and    Clarissa   Archer.     Mr.    Archer's   father 
was  a  native  of  ^'ermont,  and    his   mother  came  from 
good    Massachusetts    stock.     His    early   education  was 
obtained  in  the  district  schools,  and  in  1850  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  county  of   Livingston,  N.  Y.,  a  pupil  in 
the  Albany  Normal  School,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1 85 1.     Before  entering  the  normal  school  Mr.  Archer 
worked    three    years 
at  the  harness  mak- 
ing   trade    for   his 
father.      He     taught 
school    in    1851-52, 
and    later    was   a 
teacher     for    four 
years    in    the     New 
York  Conference 
Seminary   at   Char- 
lotteville,  N.  Y.    Mr. 
Archer  was  married, 
ALiy     24,    1856,    to 
Helen    Mary,    the 
eldest     daughter    o  f 
John    R.   Blackinton, 
of  PSlackinton,  North 
Adams,    Mass.,    and 
in    the    same    year 
entered    the    employ 
of    S.    Blackinton  & 
Co.,    woollen    manu- 
facturers,   as     book- 
keeper.       He    re- 
mained   as    b  o  o  k- 
keeper  and  confiden- 
tial clerk  until  1876, 
when  the  S.  Blackin- 
ton   \\'oollen  C  o  m- 
pany  was    organized 
as  a  corporation  and 

he  was  elected  treasurer,  an  office  which  he  still  holds. 
Mr.  Archer  has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  educa- 
tional methods  and  has  been  a  member  of  the  North 
Adams  School  Board  for  twenty-five  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  selectmen  of  the  town  for  two  years.  His 
financial  experience  has  not  been  limited.  He  has 
been  a  trustee  of  the  Hoosac  Savings  Bank  since  its 
formation,  and  its  president  for  about  ten  years  and 
still  holds  that  office.     Mr.  Archer  was  instrumental  in 


OSCAR    A.    ARCHER. 


establishing  the  PSlackinton  Free  Library  in  1869,  and 
has  been  the  librarian  since  that  time.  In  this  capacity 
he  has  been  enabled  to  accomplish  much  good  for  the 
intellectual  life  of  the  community.  He  has  also  been 
chairman  for  several  years  of  the  Book  Committee  of 
the  North  .\dams  Library.  Mr.  Archer  has  always  taken 
a  keen  interest  in  literary,  musical  and  educational  mat- 
ters, and  is  an  amateur  florist  with  the  means  to  gratify 
his  cultivated  tastes.     In  politics  Mr.  Archer  has  been  a 

Republican  since  the 
formation     of    that 
party,  and   not  in- 
frequently   during 
the    campaigns     his 
contributions  to   the 
party  literature     are 
read    with     interest, 
and    his    voice    is 
heard    in    behalf    of 
the    political   princi- 
ples which    he    sup- 
ports with    so   much 
ability.      In  religious 
matters    Mr.    Archer 
is  an  earnest  but  lib- 
eral-minded  Baptist, 
and    he    is    superin- 
tendent of  the  Union 
Sundav  -school    in 
Blackinton.       It   will 
be    seen    from    what 
has    been    said    that 
Mr.  Archer  is  inter- 
ested in   every  good 
work   and    is    liberal 
of  his  means  and  of 
his   strength    in    the 
promotion    of  what- 
ever   tends     to    the 
welfare   of  the   com- 
munity.     He    has   a   beautiful    home    overlooking  the 
Hoosac  Valley,  opposite  old  Saddle  Mountain,  in  which, 
with  books,  pictures,  music  and  flowers,  he  finds  relief 
from  the  exacting  cares  of  business.     Aside  from  the 
office    of    selectman,    Mr.   Archer   has  never   been  in- 
duced to  accept  any  political   honors,  his    many  other 
duties  having  kept  him  fully  occupied.     Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Archer  have  been  blessed  with  six  children,  five  of  whom 
are  living. 


ADA.ns. 


S77 


JAMKS  C.  CHALMERS,  of  Adams,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing manufacturers  of  that  town,  was  born  in  Barr- 
head, Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  Sept.  9,  1840.  He  comes 
of  sturdy  family,  whose  name  is  a  familiar  one  in  Scot- 
tish annals,  his  parents  being  John  and  Janet  Pollock 
Chalmers.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  came,  with  his 
parents,  to  America  in  the  year  1849,  and  settled  in  the 
thriving  town  of  .Adams.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  that  place  until  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age. 
His  first  e.xperience 
in  business  affairs 
was  obtained  in  the 
offices  of  \\'illiam 
Pollock,  of  \  d  a  m  s, 
and  L.  Pomeroy's 
Sons,  of  Pittsfield, 
where  he  was  e  m- 
ployed  for  some 
time.  In  .Vpril, 
1857,  Mr.  Chalmers 
entered  the  employ 
of  the  Taconic  Mills, 
Pittsfield,  and  re- 
mained with  that 
corporation,  doing 
faithful  work,  until 
September,  1862, 
when  he  enlisted  in 
the  Thirty-seventh 
Regiment  of  Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers, 
which  did  splendid 
service  with  the 
Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac. Mr.  Chalmers 
participated  in  nu- 
merous engage- 
ments, and  was  se- 
verely wounded  in 
the    Battle    of    the 

Wilderness,  May  6,  1864.  In  July  of  the  same  year 
Mr.  Chalmers  received  his  discharge  for  disability,  hold- 
ing at  that  time  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant.  In  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  Mr.  Chalmers  again  entered  business  life, 
this  time  in  the  office  of  William  Pollock,  of  Adams,  and 
in  May  of  the  following  year  became  a  partner  in  the 
firm  of  William  Pollock  &  Co.,  cotton  manufacturers  of 
.\danis.  On  the  death  of  Mr.  Pollock,  which  occurred 
in   1866,  the   partnership  was  dissolved,   and   in   May, 


JAMES    C.    CHALMERS. 


1867,  the  Renfrew  Manufacturing  Company  was  incor- 
porated, with  Mr.  Chalmers  as  the  first  treasurer.  At 
the  beginning  the  corporation  had  a  capital  stock  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  which  was  afterwards 
increased  from  time  to  time  until  it  reached  fifteen 
hundred  thousand  dollars  in  1884,  and  a  magnificent 
business  was  built  up.  For  many  years  the  Renfrew 
Manufacturing  Company  has  been  one  of  the  greatest 
industries  of  the  town,  and  has  won  and  maintained  an 

enviable  reputation 
in  the  business 
world.  In  February, 
1885,  Mr.  Chalmers 
resigned  the  office  of 
treasurer,  which  he 
had  held  for  eighteen 
years,  and  was  elected 
vice-president  of  the 
corporation,  which 
position  he  still  re- 
tains. He  is  in  many 
respects  a  remark- 
able business  man, 
strong  alike  as  one 
of  the  heads  of  a 
great  corporation, 
and  in  his  faithful 
attention  to  the  de- 
tails of  a  large  busi- 
ness. In  June,  1865, 
Mr.  Chalmers  mar- 
ried the  eldest 
daughter  of  Judge 
H.  J.  Bliss,  of  .\dams, 
and  they  have  no 
children.  "While 
naturally  the  best 
work  of  Mr.  Chal- 
mers's active  life  thus 
far,  aside  from  his 
army  record,  has  been  given  to  the  corporation  with 
which  he  is  connected,  he  has  still  recognized  the  claim 
of  good  citizenship  in  innumerable  ways.  For  two 
years  he  was  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Assessors  of 
Adams,  and  for  ten  years  has  been  one  of  the  town 
auditors.  In  both  of  these  positions  he  has  performed 
service  of  a  high  order,  and  his  business  talents  have 
been  of  great  value  to  the  town.  In  politics  Mr. 
Chalmers   is  a  Republican. 


S/S 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF   TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM  BROWN  PLUNKETl' was  born,  April 
2,  1850,  in  the  town  of  Adams,  and  is  the  son 
of  William  C.   and   Louisa  B.  Plunkett.     He  was  edu- 
cated in    the    schools    of   his    native  town    and  at    the 
Munro  Collegiate    Institute  at  Elbridge,  N.  V.     When 
he  became  of  age  he  entered  into   partnership  in  the 
firm  of  Plunkett  &  Wheeler,  cotton  warp  manufacturers, 
and  later  another  firm  was  formed  to  manufacture  cot- 
ton warp,  under  the  name  of  ,\V.  C.  Plunkett  &. Sons,  in 
which  the  subject  of 
this   sketch  was   also 
a  partner.     In   1879 
M  r .    Plunkett    was 
chosen  manager  and 
treasurer   of    the 
Greylock     Mills     for 
the    manufacture    of 
ginghams    at    Grey- 
lock,  North   Adams, 
and    under  his  con- 
trol   the    plant     has 
increased    from    two 
hundred     looms,     in 
1880,  to  six  hundred 
looms     in   1892.     In 
1882     the    mill    at 
A  r  n  o  1  d  s  V  i  1 1  e  was 
bought    of    Henry 
Millard,  and  in   1887 
was  consolidated 
with    the    (Ireylock 
plant,     u  n  (1  e  r     the 
name     of     Greylock 
Mill,  No.  2.     About 
five    hundred    hands 
are    employed    at 
mill    No.     I,    and 
about   one    hundred 
and    twenty-five   at 
mill  No.  2.     In  1879 

W.  C.  Plunkett  &  Sons  bought  the  Adams  Paper  Mill  in 
.\dams,  removed  the  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of 
paper,  and  placed  in  its  stead  machinery  for  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton  goods.  .This  mill  was  subsequently 
burned,  and  next  the  Berkshire  Cotton  Manufacturing 
Company  was  established  in  1889,  and  Mr.  Plunkett 
was  chosen  treasurer  and  manager.  'I'he  company 
erected  a  large  mill  containing  thirty-five  thousand 
spindles,  which  was   completed    in   1890.  and    another 


mill,  containing  forty-one  thousand  spindles,  which  was 
completed  in  1892.  These  factories  turn  out  fine 
sateens  and  lawns,  and  are  being  operated  with  marked 
success.  In  1884  Mr.  Plunkett's  father  died,  and  Mr. 
Plunkett  became  the  senior  member  of  the  firm  of  W. 
C.  Plunkett  &  Sons,  which  now  consists  of  William  B. 
Plunkett  and  his  younger  brother,  Charles.  In  addition, 
as  has  been  stated,  Mr.  Plunkett  is  the  treasurer  and 
manager  of  the  Berkshire  Cotton  Manufacturing  Com- 

pany,    and    of    the 
Greylock   Mills,  and 
more  than  one  thou- 
sand  seven  hundred 
people  are  employed 
under   his  direction, 
while    the     capital 
employed    is    more 
than    one    million 
six    hundred    thou- 
sand dollars.     He  is 
also  president  of  the 
Greylock  National 
Bank  of   Adams,  and 
a    director    in  the 
Berkshire     M  u  tual 
Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany   of     Pittsfield, 
and  in  the  Berkshire 
Mutual    Fire    Insur- 
a  n  c  e    Company   of 
Pittsfield,  and  in 
several  Boston  com- 
panies.      Mr.   Plun- 
kett   is    an    earnest 
anil  infltiential  mem- 
ber of   the  Republi- 
can   party,   and    in 
1892  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Con- 
\ention    at    Minne- 
apolis.    .Mthough  often  requested  to  accept  office  at  the 
hands  of  his  fellow-citizens,  he  has  uniformly  declined, 
owing  to  the  demands  upon  his  time  of  the  great  busi- 
ness interests  in  his  keeping.     Mr.  Plunkett  is  not  only 
a   man   of  great  ability,  capal)le  of  successfully  conduct- 
ing the  financial  interests  in  his  charge,  but  he  has  also  a 
striking  ]iersonal  appearance,  being  over  six  feet   four 
inches  in  height,  and  jiossessing  the  impressive  features 
of  a  man  of  marked  force  and  individuality. 


WILLIAM;  B.    PLUNKETT. 


ADAMS. 


579 


JAMES   RENFREW,  JR. 


MANY  years  ago,  when  the  raw  material  that  is 
produced  in  the  sunny  cotton  fields  of  the 
South  had  to  be  transported  to  England,  manufactured 
and  brought  back  to  supply  the  American  market,  busy 
l.)rains  were  at  work  solving  the  problem  of  making  the 
same  goods  within  our  own  domain.  In  the  success 
that  afterwards  attended  these  efforts,  the  town  of  Adams 
has  secured  and  deserved  a  full  share,  and  it  is  one  of 
her  most  successful  makers  of  cotton  goods  that  is  the 
subject  of  this  brief  biographical  sketch.  The  Renfrew 
Gingham  Works  has  a  reputation  that  extends  to  the 
four  corners  of  civilization,  and  to  many  of  the  remote 
places  of  the  earth,  on  account  of  the  excellence  as 
well  as  the  usefulness  of  its  chief  product.  James 
Renfrew,  Jr.,  of  .Adams,  one  of  the  most  ingenious, 
important  and  substantial  of  the  cotton  manufacturers 
of  the  United  States,  was  born  in  Scotland,  the  land 
of  sterling  mechanical  genius,  in  1840.  He  attended 
school  in  that  country,  and  came  to  ."Kmerica  in  1849, 
when  he  was  nine  years  of  age.  Here  he  attended  the 
district  schools,  and  later  took  an  academic  course. 
For  about  five  years,  after  having  completed  his  school- 
ing, Mr.  Renfrew  was  a  book-keeper  in  the  employ  of 
the  'I'aconic  Mills  Company,  in  Pittsfield  :  but  nearly 
all  his  business  life  has  been  spent  in  .\dams,  where  he 
has  practically  resided  since  1850,  in  which  year  he 
selected  that  town  as  his  home.  Mr.  Renfrew  first 
began  cotton  manufacturing  in  1864.  A  brief  sketch 
of  his  business  career  since  that  time  to  the  present. 


when  he  is  the  treasurer  and  manager  of  the  great  Ren- 
frew (lingham  Works,  of  Adams,  a  corporation  with 
a  capital  of  5i, 200,000,  and  giving  employment  to  hun- 
dreds of  hands,  would  seem  to  be  appropriate  in  a 
summary  of  the  active  life  of  Massachusetts  of  to-day. 
In  1864  he  first  became  superintendent  of  William 
Pollock's  warp  mill,  and  later  was  admitted  to  partner- 
ship in  the  concern.  In  1866,  after  Mr.  Pollock's  death, 
the  Renfrew  Manufacturing  Company  was  formed,  tak- 
ing Mr.  Renfrew's  name.  He  was  first  appointed  agent 
and  manager  of  the  new  corporation,  and  afterwards 
elected  treasurer,  the  office  which,  in  conjunction  with 
that  of  manager,  he  at  present  holds.  In  addition  to 
his  active  duties  in  connection  with  the  manufacturing 
company,  Mr.  Renfrew  is  president  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  .Adams,  and  he  is  also  president  of  the  Holyoke 
\\'arp  Company,  of  Holyoke,  Mass.  In  politics  Mr. 
Renfrew  is  a  Republican,  but  has  never  held  public 
office,  the  absorbing  cares  of  business  occupying  much 
of  his  time.  His  family  consists  of  a  wife,  daughter  and 
son.  In  the  roll  of  successful  Berkshire  manufacturers 
the  name  of  James  Renfrew,  Jr.,  stands  among  the 
highest.  He  has  brought  to  his  chosen  work  those 
(pialities  that  have  made  the  New  England  manufacto- 
ries at  the  same  time  the  wonder  and  the  admiration  of 
the  commercial  world.  His  life  has  been  pre-eminently 
a  useful  one,  and  hundreds  of  prosperous  employees 
and  his  standing  in  the  world  of  commerce  attest  the 
luialities  of  the  man. 


GRKKNFIELD,  the  shire  town  of  Franklin  County,  is  a  daughter  of  Deerfield.  Bounded  on  the  north  by 
Kernardston  and  Lyden,  on  the  west  by  Shelburne,  on  the  south  by  Deerfield,  and  on  the  east  by  the 
Connecticut  River  and  Gill,  the  town  contains  about  lyi  square  miles  and  11,325  acres.  It  is  both  a  progressive 
and  conservative  town.  The  last  census  shows  that  it  has  about  6,500  inhabitants,  and  these  inhabitants  justly 
pride  themselves  that  no  town  in  the  .State  with  an  equal  number  of  residents  surpasses  (Ireenfield  in  churches, 
schools,  libraries,  water  supply,  sanitary  im])rovements,  streets,  sidewalks,  well-kept  lawns,  local  government,  or  in 
enterprising  merchants,  careful  farmers  and  level-headed  manufacturers. 

The  town  also  prides  itself  on  its  natural  beauty.  The  hills  of  Shelburne,  Colrain,  Bernardston,  Deerfield 
and  other  towns  are  delightful  to  look  upon,  and  are  picturesque  in  all  seasons.  Over  one  hundred  carriage 
drives  lead  into  or  surround  the  town.  The  beautiful  Green  River  murmurs  through  the  lovely  meadows,  and  in 
the  northeast  part  of  the  town  the  little  stream  known  as  Fall  River,  creeps  among  the  hills  and  valley  and  mingles 
its  waters  with  those  of  the  noble  Connecticut.  Just  east  of  the  village  a  ridge  of  trap  rock  runs  parallel  with  the 
Connecticut.  This  ridge  is  about  two  hundred  feet  higher  than  the  plains  at  the  west  on  which  the  main  portion 
of  the  town  is  situated,  and  from  this  easy  rise,  at  Poet's  Seat,  where  there  is  an  observatory  about  thirty  feet  high, 
or  at  the  Sachem's  Head,  the  southerly  point  of  the  ridge,  the  eyes  rest  upon  as  beautiful  scenery  as  can  be  found 
anywhere  in  the  State,  not  even  barring  the  famous  Berkshire  Hills. 

Nine  churches  adorn  Greenfield :  the  First  and  Second  Congregational,  the  Third  Congregational  or 
Unitarian,  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  (Roman  Catholic),  St.  James  Episcopal,  Methodist  Episcopal,  the 
Baptist,  the  German  Methodist  and  the  German  Lutheran. 

There  is  an  excellent  high  school  and  the  grammar,  intermediate,  primary  and  district  schools  are  admira- 
bly kept  up,  the  town  last  year  e.xpending  over  $20,000  on  education.  The  Prospect  Hill  School  for  young 
ladies  is  under  the  charge  of  Rev.  James  C.  Parsons,  a  Unitarian  clergyman  of  high  standing. 

There  are  two  public  libraries,  the  Greenfield  Library  Association,  with  about  9,500  volumes,  and  the  Free 
Town  Library,  with  about  7,500  volumes. 

I'he  town  has  three  national  banks,  with  a  capital  of  $500,000  and  a  surplus  of  $160,000  more.  The 
Franklin  Savings  Institution  was  incorporated  in  1834,  and  its  assets  amount  to  $3,539,676.  The  Greenfield 
Savings  Bank  was  incorporated  in  i86g,  and  its  assets  amount  to  $1,750,000.  The  Interstate  Mortgage  and  'i'rust 
Company  has  a  capital  of  Si 00,000. 

There  are  prosperous  electric  light  and  gas  light  comjianies,  with  the  stock  owned  almost  entirely  at  home, 
and  before  many  vears  thev  will  probablv  be  owned  by  the  town. 

Among  the  numerous  and  diversified  manufacturing  industries  are  two  shoe  firms  that  together  employ 
about  350  hands;  iron  and  steel  works  that  give  employment  to  300  more  ;  silversmithies  that  employ  150  more, 
and  mmierous  other  smaller  manufactories. 

The  railroad  facilities  of  Greenfield  are  much  superior  to  those  of  most  inland  towns.  The  Fitchburg 
Railroad  with  two  tracks  runs  east  and  west,  with  ten  passenger  trains  in  each  direction  and  low  rates  for  shippers. 
The  Connecticut  River  Railroad  has  two  tracks  running  south  and  one  running  north,  and  preparations  for  build- 
ing the  second  track  north  are  well  under  way,  and  the  passenger  service  in  each  direction  is  excellent.  The 
town  has  several  excellent  hotels  and  two  very  beautiful  cemeteries.  The  jail  and  house  of  correction  is  a  fine 
structure,  located  about  a  mile  out  of  the  village. 

It  is  only  natural  that  the  shire  town  should  be  the  political  centre.  All  the  important  county  conventions 
are  held  in  (Greenfield.  The  offices  of  the  judge  and  register  of  probate,  clerk  of  courts,  register  of  deeds  and 
countv  commissioners  are  in  the  court  house. 


GREENFIELD. 


581 


NAHUM    S.    CUTLER,    of    Greenfield,   was    born 
in  Vernon,  \'t.,  April   7,  1837,  and  is  therefore 
in   his  fifty-sixth   year.     His  father,  Zenas,  was  a  native 
of    Wilmington,    \'t.,    and    his    great-grandfather    was 
one   of    the    first    settlers  in  Guilford,   \'t.     Mr.  N.  S. 
Cutler  was  educated   in   the  common   schools  of  Ber- 
nardston,   Mass.,    and    in   the    Goodale    Academy  and 
Powers  Institute  of   the  same  town.     His  father  at  that 
time  owned  the  Connable  farm,  and  the  minority  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch 
was    spent    on     the 
farm,  except    two 
winters     when    he 
taught  in  the  public 
schools.    On  coming 
of   age,    he    began 
mercantile     life     by 
working    as    a    clerk 
in  a  retail  shoe  store 
in  Springfield.     This 
position  he  held  for 
three  years.     At  this 
time  his  brother  en- 
listed  in   the    Forty- 
sixth    Regiment  and 
went    to    the    front, 
and    N.    S.    Cutler 
took    his  interest  in 
the  firm  of  Cutler  & 
Warner,    retail    boot 
and   shoe  dealers. 
The    firm    increased 
their  business,  and  a 
large   wholesale    and 
jobbing    trade    was 
established.     Later 
on,  Mr.  Warner  sold 
his  interest,  and  the 
firm    name    became 
Cutler,  Mcintosh    & 

Co.  For  nine  years  Mr.  Cutler  remained  in  the  firm 
and  then  withdrew  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  shoe 
factory  at  Bernardston.  He  purchased  the  Dr.  John 
Brooks  place,  and  the  enterprise  was  successful  from 
the  start,  and  in  1880  he  was  employing  from  thirty 
to  sixty-five  persons.  For  the  purpose  of  acquiring  bet- 
ter business  facilities,  in  1880  he  decided  to  remove  and 
locate  in  Greenfield.  He  began  in  Warner's  Building 
on  Olive  Street,  with  fifty  employees  and  a  product  not 


NAHUM    S.    CUTLER. 


exceeding  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  pairs 
of  shoes  per  day.  Mr.  .^Ipheus  F.  S.  Lyons,  the  super- 
intendent of  the  factory,  was  presented  with  an  interest, 
and  later,  when  more  capital  was  needed,  Mr.  D.  C.  G. 
Field,  a  former  president  and  manager  of  the  John  Rus- 
sell Cutlery  Company,  became  a  partner  in  the  firm. 
During  the  past  twelve  years  there  has  been  a  steady 
and  rapid  growth  of  the  business,  until  now  the  firm 
owns  and  occupies  one  of  the  finest  brick  shoe  factories 

in    Western    Massa- 
chusetts,   employing 
two     hundred     and 
fifty    people,    and 
producing    from    fif- 
teen   hundred    to 
eighteen    hundred 
pairs  a  day.    In  1888 
Mr.  Cutler  was  elec- 
ted a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts 
House    of     Repre- 
sentatives,   and    was 
re-elected     the     fol- 
lowing   year.      He 
served  on  the    com- 
mittees   on  Towns 
and  Labor,  and  ren- 
dered,  as   he   always 
does,   thorough    and 
conscientious  service 
to    the   State.      In 
1 89 1   Mr.  Cutler  was 
elected  chairman    of 
the  selectmen  of 
Greenfield,    and    re- 
elected   \v    1892. 
He  is  also  a  director 
in    the     Franklin 
County      National 
Bank,       and      the 
Greenfield  Electric  Light  Company.     Socially,  Mr.  Cut- 
ler is  a  genial,  hospitable  gentleman,  a  great  lover  of  the 
fine  arts  especially,  and  he  can  be  counted  upon  to  aid 
by  voice  and   purse  every  movement  that  tends  to  the 
happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  communily  in  which  he 
lives.     He  was  married,  Nov.  24,  1864,  to  Miss  Hattie 
I.  Hoyt,  a  charming  lady.     They  have  one  son,  Henry 
H.  Cutler,  and  one  daughter,  who  is  now  Mrs.  Harry  W. 
Kellogg. 


582 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


JAMES  SKVMOUR  (IRINNELL,  of  Greenfield,  the 
son  of  the  late  Hon.  (leorge  Grinnell,  comes  from 
good  stock  and  has  honored  the  family  name  by  good 
work  in  other  lines  besides  his  profession.  Korn  in 
Greenfield,  July  24,  182 1,  Mr.  Grinnell  is  consecjuently 
in  his  seventy-second  year,  but  notwithstanding  this  fact 
is  as  active  as  men  twenty  years  younger,  and  his 
acquaintance  in  the   county,  State  and  nation  is  proba- 


of  his  labors  there  returned  to  (Jreenfield  to  dexote 
himself  to  his  aged  parents.  His  father  died  the  fol- 
lowing year,  and  Mr.  Grinnell  then  became  the  represen- 
tative of  a  family  which  has  been  honored  and  respected 
for  so  many  years.  In  1882  Mr.  Grinnell  was  elected 
State  senator  as  a  Democrat  in  a  county  that  is  strongly 
Republican,  and  his  party  has  since  honored  him  and 
itself  by  nominating  him  for  Congress,  for  lieutenant- 


bly  wider  than  that  of  any  other  native  of  his  county.      go\ernor  and  for  treasurer  and  receiver-general.     Presi- 


Graduated  at  Am- 
herst College  in  1842, 
he  studied  law  in  the 
office  of  Grinnell  & 
Aiken  and  at  the 
Har\ard  Law  School. 
He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1846  and 
opened  an  office  in 
Greenfield,  and  also 
had  an  o  ffi  c  e  in 
Grange.  He  soon 
had  a  valuable  office 
practice  and  became 
])rominent  in  many 
court  and  jury  cases. 
A  keen  student  all 
his  life  of  agricultural 
problems  he  has  been 
not  merely  a  theoret- 
ical but  a  practical 
farmer  and  an  au- 
thority on  crops  as 
well  as  law.  In  1861 
Governor  .-Andrew 
commissioned  h  i  ni 
major  of  the  "  Old 
Te  nth"  Regiment, 
but  family  and  civil 
duties  prevented  [his 
going   to    the    front. 

In  1862  he  remoxed  to  Washington,  I)  C,  having  been 
appointed  chief  clerk  of  the  .Agricultural  Department, 
for  which  position  his  previous  studies,  experience  and 
natural  tastes  had  well  fitted  him.  Here  he  remained 
three  years  and  then  became  chief  clerk  of  the  i'atent 
Office,  'j'his  place  he  held  ten  years,  and  probably 
this  office  was  never  more  ably  filled.  In  1S76  Mr. 
Grinnell  was  one  of  the  judges  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments and  machinery  at  the  Centennial,  and  at  the  close 


JAMES    S.   GRINNELL. 


dent  Cleveland  like- 
wise recognized  the 
sterling  merits  of 
Mr.  (Irinnell  and  ap- 
pointed him  one  of 
the  visitors  to  the 
National  Naval  .Acad- 
emy at  Annapolis, 
Md.,  the  only  office 
which  Mr.  (Irinnell 
would  accept  from 
the  administration. 
Mr.  Grinnell  has  been 
one  of  the  trustees 
and  vice-president  of 
the  Massachusetts 
.Agricultural  College 
for  twelve  years,  and 
many  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture. 
Mr.  Grinnell  is  now,  in 
the  absence  of  the 
governor,  the  pre- 
siding officer  of  the 
board.  In  this  con- 
nection it  is  worthy 
of  note  that  in  .Mr. 
Grinnell's  library  of 
six  thousand  vol- 
umes, over  two  thou- 
sand treat  of  agriculture.  Mr.  Grinnell  has  twice  been 
married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Anne  E.  Stannard,  of 
Fredericksburg,  ^'a.  She  died  in  1857,  two  years  after 
their  marriage,  leaving  no  children.  In  1879  Mr. 
(Irinnell  and  Mrs.  Anne  Katherine  Denison  were  mar- 
ried in  Greenfield.  Mrs.  (Irinnell  is  a  da\ighter  of  the 
late  John  Russell  and  sister  of  Ex-Congressman  John 
K.  Russell,  of  Leicester.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grinnell  ha\e 
no  children. 


GREENFIELD. 


Si 


LEVI    |.  (lUNN,  of  Greenfield,  was  born  in  Conway, 
Mass.,  on   the   2d  of   June,   1830.      His  parents 
were  Levi  and  Delia  (ninn,  both  of  good  New  England 
stock.     The  father  was  a  blacksmith  by  calling,  and  that 
trade  the  son  learned  thoroughly  during   the    summer 
seasons,  attending    in    the  winters  of   his  boyhood  the 
village  schools  and   later  the  widely  known  academy  at 
Shelburne  Falls,  of  which  Professor  Pratt  was  the   prin- 
cipal.    .After  this  came  the  period  of  sterner  and  harder 
work.     For    several 
years  the  young  man 
was   with    the    Con- 
way Tool  Company, 
and    when  that   cor- 
poration   moved    t  o 
G  r  e  e  n  fi  e  1  d     Mr. 
Gunn     also    located 
in    the    siiire    town. 
This   was    in    1852, 
and    the    next    ten 
years  of    Mr.  Gunn's 
working   hours    were 
passed  in  the  employ 
of    that     company. 
For  a  portion  of  that 
time   Mr.  Gunn  and 
C.  H.  .Amidon    held 
the  contract  for  mak- 
ing all  the  tools  made 
by    the   company. 
Such    a    contract    in 
those  days  of  course 
was  regarded  as  one 
of  considerable  mag- 
nitude.    Up    to    the 
time    when    these 
young  men  took  upon 
themselves  this  busi- 
ness    responsibility, 
the    work    had   been 

done  wholly  by  hand.  The  enterprising  contractors 
changed  this,  and  by  introducing  machinery  of  their  own 
devising  did  the  work  much  cheaper  than  formerly.  Thus 
it  can  be  truthfully  said  that  in  this  branch  of  industry 
Gunn  and  Amidon  were  pioneers.  They  were  destined 
soon  to  reap  the  benefit  of  their  talents,  for  in  1S68 
the  firm  of  Gunn  i.'v:  .Amidon  was  organized;  a  factory 
was  built  near  the  place  that  is  now  known  as  Cninn  & 
Amidon  Pond,  situated  in  the  north  of  Greenfield,  and 


LEVI    J.   GUNN. 


a  successful  business  established.  It  was  at  this  time 
that  Henry  L.  Pratt  took  a  third  interest  in  the  com- 
pany and  the  splendid  water  power  on  the  Miller's 
River  was  purchased.  The  burning  of  the  Greenfield 
factory  simply  hastened  matters,  for  The  Miller's  Falls 
Company  was  immediately  organized,  and  from  that 
time  until  now  it  has  had  an  increasingly  successful 
business.  \Vhen  one  reflects  that  this  company  gives 
employment  to  two  hundred  and  fifty  persons,  and  that, 

while  the  sales  last 
year  amounted  to 
$375,000,  over $100- 
000  was  paid  out  in 
wages,  it  becomes 
evident  not  only  that 
the  business  is  well 
managed,  but  that 
the  rates  of  wages 
are  comparatively 
V  high,    and    that    Mr. 

Mt/m  Gunn's  employees 

^tHl  are    well    treated,    a 

point  of  fundamen- 
tal importance  in  the 
life  of  any  man  who 
aspires  to  be  a  true 
success.  Mr.  Gunn 
has  been  treasurer 
of  the  company  from 
its  organization ;  has 
kept  his  residence 
in  Greenfield  and 
has  served  the  town 
as  assessor  and  se- 
lectman. In  1885 
and  1886  Mr.  Gunn 
was  elected  State 
senator,  and  ser\ed 
on  the  committees 
on  the  Hoosac  Tun- 
nel and  .Manufactures.  In  188S  and  1889  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  governor's  council  and  served 
on  the  Hoosac  Tunnel  and  Pardon  committees.  He 
is  a  director  in  the  Franklin  County  Bank  and  a  trustee 
and  member  of  the  Board  of  Investment  of  the 
Greenfield  Savings  Bank,  and  has  held  other  positions 
of  trust.  He  was  marrietl  to  Miss  Esther  C.  Graves, 
in  .Sunderland,  Oct.  5,  1853,  and  they  have  one  son, 
L.  Walter  Gunn. 


THE  town  of  Orange,  in  Franklin  County,  was  incorporated  Feb.  21,  1810,  and  the  first  town  meeting  was  held 
April  2,  1810.  The  taxable  area  of  the  town  comprises  twenty  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety-seven 
acres,  and  it  measures  in  length  about  fifteen  miles  from  northeast  to  southwest,  and  varying  in  width  from  three 
to  ten  miles.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  banks  of  Miller's  River,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Fitchburg 
Railroad,  eighty-six  miles  from  Boston  and  one  hundred  miles  east  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  eight  miles  from  the 
New  Hampshire  line,  and  twelve  miles  from  \erraont.  Orange  is  known  far  and  wide  on  account  of  its  thrifty 
and  successful  manufacturers.  The  New  Home  Sewing-\[achine  Company  leads  this  shining  list,  employing  a 
force  of  six  hundred  men.  Next  is  J.  B.  Reynolds,  the  shoe  manufacturer,  who  keeps  three  hundred  people  satis- 
factorily emploved.  The  Rodney  Hunt  Machine  Company  employs  about  two  hundred  men,  as  also  does  the  Chase 
Turbine  Manufacturing  Company.  The  National  Key  and  Box  Company  has  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  people, 
the  Orange  Furniture  Company,  one  hundred,  and  the  J.eavitt  Machine  Company  nearly  as  many.  Hence  it  can 
readily  be  figured  that  the  leading  manufacturers  of  the  town  employ  fifteen  hundred  and  twenty-five  men,  and  as 
the  kind  of  manufacturing  in  Orange  demands  skilled  labor  in  every  department,  the  town  is  benefited  by  having 
a  thrifty  and  industrious  class  of  citizens,  who,  as  a  rule,  own  the  homes  they  occupy.  The  town  put  in  sewers  in 
1 89 1,  and  the  following  year  a  complete  system  of  water  works  was  established.  Five  hundred  thousand  dollars 
was  expended  for  new  buildings  in  1892,  which  included  one  hundred  and  six  dwelling-houses,  a  Congregational 
Church,  a  (irand  Army  Memorial  Hall,  Masonic  Temple  and  three  business  blocks,  besides  large  additions  to  the 
New  Home  Sewing-Machine  factories.  The  valuation  of  the  town  is  about  three  million  dollars,  and  is  increasing 
about  one  quarter  of  a  million  each  year.  'I'he  town  and  vicinity  support  over  fifty  stores,  five  hotels,  seven 
churches  of  various  denominations,  and  two  weekly  papers.  Secret  orders  thrive  there,  and  no  less  than  twenty-five 
have  thrifty  organizations,  the  Masons  and  Odd  Fellows  having  a  membership  of  about  two  hundred  each  and 
both  possessing  palatial  quarters. 

The  citizens  of  Orange  have  always  been  awake  to  the  importance  of  good  schools.  Modern  and  substan- 
tial school  buildings  have  been  erected,  as  soon  as  they  were  needed.  The  high  school  and  the  Cheney  Street 
buildings  on  the  "  South  Side,"  built  of  brick  with  brownstone  trimmings,  are  fine  examples  of  educational 
architecture. 

The  town  has  been  very  liberal  in  appropriations  for  the  support  of  schools,  and  it  has  each  year  granted 
without  opposition  the  full  amount  estimated  as  necessary  for  their  maintenance.  The  School  Committee  has  been 
fortunate  in  having  secured  in  the  past  a  long  line  of  excellent  teachers —  many  of  them  with  normal  training  — 
who  have  by  earnest  and  faithful  work  raised  the  standard  and  given  a  standing  to  the  schools  of  Orange  of  which 
the  people  are  very  jiroud.  For  several  years  the  town,  taking  advantage  of  the  generous  State  law,  has  united 
with  two  smaller  towns  in  forming  a  union  district,  and  emjiloyed  a  superintendent  of  schools.  The  results  of  this 
plan  in  securing  uniformity  of  work  and  other  benefits  which  naturally  follow  a  more  careful  supervision  than  is 
possible  under  a  committee  system,  have  been,  on  the  whole,  very  satisfactory. 

A  large  and  well-equipped  high  school  has  been  maintained  by  the  town  for  many  years.  A  three  and  a 
four  years'  course  of  study  is  provided,  and  every  possible  effort  is  made  to  induce  pupils  to  seek,  after  graduation, 
the  advantages  of  higher  education.  The  common  schools,  which  are  carefully  graded,  are  following  out  a  plan  of 
work  which  requires  nine  years  to  complete.  Pupils  are  regularly  promoted  each  year,  and  admitted  to  high  school 
on  a  scholarship  certificate  from  the  ninth  grade.  The  regular  attendance  on  these  schools  has  been  high,  the 
average  based  on  the  average  membership  being  ninety-four  per  cent. 

'I'o  the  men  whose  brief  sketches  follow  this  brief  account  should  be  given  the  full  credit  of  the  jirosperity 
which  the  town  is  enjoying.  They  are  the  heads  of  the  concerns  who  employ  the  labor  of  the  town,  and  they  go 
hand  in  hand  with  their  employees  in  the  laudable  ambition  of  making  Orange  a  good  place  to  live  in,  socially 
as  well  as  financially. 


ORANGE. 


585 


w 


II.LIAM  L.  (iROUT,  one  of  the  pioneer  sewing-      almost  daily,  until  he  had  a  flattering  offer  to  move  his 
machine  manufacturers  of  the  world,  is  one  of      plant   to    Canada.     This  he  did,  and    there    made  the 


the  three  owners  of  the  New  Home  sewing-machine 
plant  at  Orange.  Born  in  Winchendon,  Mass.,  the  son 
of  Lewis  Grout,  a  sturdy  New  England  farmer,  he  spent 
his  boyhood  on  a  farm,  and  received  the  ordinary  dis- 
trict-school education.  A  half  century  ago,  from  the 
age  of  eighteen  to  twenty-five  years,  he  labored  in  his 
native  town  and  vicinity  in  wood-working  shops,  much 
of  the  time  as  fore- 
man, and,  during  his 
twenty-fifth  year  be- 
came a  partner  in 
the  business.  At  that 
age  he  began  the 
manufacture  of  sew- 
ing-machines in  his 
native  town.  In 
those  days  the  man- 
ufacture of  sewing- 
machines  was  con- 
sidered folly.  He 
received  no  words  of 
encouragement  from 
his  townspeople,  and 
capital  turned  its 
back  on  what  it 
thought  was  a  "wild- 
cat" scheme,  which 
could  originate  only 
in  the  brain  of  a 
school-boy.  This 
did  not  discourage 
Mr.  Grout,  who  was 
born  with  a  positive 
disposition.  He  de- 
clared, in  1857,  that 
a  sewing-m  a c  h  i  n  e 
would  be  made  to 
do    family    and     all 

kinds  of  sewing  successfully,  and  which  could  be  sold  at 
a  price  so  low  that  every  woman  in  America  could  have 
one  as  a  pleasant  divider  of  her  toil,  thus  making  her 
burdens  lighter.  In  1858  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  Thomas  White,  and  moved  the  business  to  Tem- 
pleton,  Mass.  Here  the  output  increased  so  rapidly 
that  thev  were  forced  back  to  Winchendon  for  the  sake 
of  better  transportation  facilities.  There  Mr.  Grout 
became    sole   proprietor,    and    increased    the    business 


WILLIAM    L.    GROUT 


"G"  sewing-machine,  well  known  during  the  "sixties." 
He  continued  the  manufacture  of  that  machine  until 
about  1870,  when  he  became  associated  with  the  New- 
Home  Sewing  Machine  Company,  of  which  he  is  now 
one  of  the  owners.  His  first  idea  about  the  New 
Home  sewing-machine  was  to  introduce  it  in  Europe. 
In  this  he  was  highly  successful ;  he  made  sixteen  trips 

across  the  Atlantic, 
and  visited  every 
principal  place  in 
the  Old  World,  estab- 
lishing a  trade  that 
the  company  is  en- 
joying to-day.  Mr. 
Grout  was  acting 
superintendent 
of  the  New  Home 
sewing-machine  fac- 
tory during  the  years 
of  labor  troubles,  and 
among  his  six  hun- 
dred employees  the 
best  feelings  always 
prevailed.  There 
was  never  a  strike  or 
demand  for  more 
wages  in  the  New- 
Home  factories, 
w  h  i  c  h  is  to  Mr. 
Grout's  credit  in 
common  with  the 
company.  Mr.  Grout 
is  pleasantly  situated 
at  his  home  in 
Orange.      He     likes 

t 

good  horses,  and  at 
his  stock  farm  he 
has  half  a  dozen  that 
can  "road"  in  less  than  2.50,  including  his  favorite 
stallion,  Cohannet,  who  has  a  record  of  2.17.  In  1856 
Mr.  Grout  married  Ellen  Hemenway,  of  Barre,  Mass., 
and  they  have  seven  children,  —  \\illiam  I..,  Jr.,  Frank 
L.,  Fred  E.,  Charles  B.,  Carl  A.,  Mrs.  Willard  A.  Graves 
and  Mrs.  Everett  L.  Sw-an.  Mr.  Grout  is  president  of 
the  Orange  Co-operative  Bank.  He  is  a  Democrat, 
refused  a  nomination  for  Congress  in  1888,  and  has 
never  accepted  public  office. 


586 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


Lli\'l  KILBURN,  the  present  treasurer  and  a  director 
of  the  Chase  Turbine  Manufacturing  Company,  of 
Orange,  was  born  in  Winchendon,  Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1816, 
the  third  of  eight  children  of  John  and  Esther  Kilburn. 
Mr.  Kilburn  was  employed  till  twenty-one  in  the  pursuit 
of  education,  under  difficulties,  school  being  taught  but 
eight  weeks  in  the  year.     During  this  time  he  assisted 
his  father  in  farming  and  running  a  saw-mill.     At  twenty- 
one,  with  the  savings  of  his  boyhood's  labors,  he,  with 
his    brother    John, 
bought  the  old  home  - 
stead  and  mill,  estab- 
lished   the     firm    of 
J.  &  L.  Kilburn,  and 
entered    the    bus- 
iness of  sawing  lum- 
ber and  the  manufac- 
ture  of    chair    stock. 
He  continued  in  the 
firm  until  1841,  when 
he  sold  his  interest, 
moved    to    Gardner, 
!Mass.,    and    entered 
the    employ     of     I.. 
Heywood,  chair  man- 
ufacturer.   He  stayed 
there    a   year  and   a 
a  half,  and  then  took 
charge  for  that  com- 
pany of  a  chair  man- 
ufactory at  Temple- 
ton,  Mass.,  where  he 
remained  until  1849. 
He    then    moved    to 
Orange  and   entered 
upon  an  engagement 
with    Davis    it    Kil- 
burn, chair  and  fur- 
niture manufacturers, 
for   whom    he    man- 
aged the  business  until    1852.     \Vhen   the  factory  was 
destroyed  by  fire  that  year  Mr.  Kilburn  began  the  man- 
ufacture of  chairs  on  his  own  account,  and  in   1855  he 
sold  out  and   joined   Hamilton  Holt,  of  Worcester,  in 
the  lumber  business.     Mr.  Kilburn  staying  in  Orange, 
the   firm    did    a   good    business  until    i860,  when   Mr. 
Kilburn  took  the  management  of  a  chair  factory  on  the 
site  of  the  present  Chase  Turbine  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany's shops.     For  the  benefit  of  the  creditors  of  White 


LEVI    KILBURN 


&  French,  in  1862  he  organized  the  firm  of  L.  Kilburn 
&  Co.,  with  Richard  French  and  G.  E.  Poland  as  part- 
ners. Mr.  Poland  retired  in  1868,  and  L.  E.  Holmes 
was  admitted  as  a  partner.  For  several  years  the  com- 
pany did  a  flourishing  business,  employing  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty-five  men  in  the  factory,  besides 
nearly  three  hundred  people  about  the  town  who  placed 
the  cane  bottoms  and  backs  in  the  chairs.  From  1867 
until  1873  L.  Kilburn  &  Co.  operated  a  furniture  factory 

in  connection  with 
their  chair  factory. 
In  1867  Kilburn  & 
Co.  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Turbine 
\Vater  Wheel  Com- 
pany, now  the  Chase 
'I'urbine  Manufactur- 
ing Com])any.  Mr. 
Kilburn  was  then 
made  treasurer,  a  po- 
sition he  holds  to  the 
present  time.  In 
1868  the  chair  fac- 
tory was  destroyed 
by  fire,  and  its  site 
was  covered  the  fol- 
lowing year  by  a  fac- 
tory of  the  Chase 
Turbine  Manufactur- 
ing Company-  This 
company  employs 
about  two  hundred 
men,  and  turns  out 
water  wheels,  shingle 
mills  and  general  mill 
machines.     In    1840 

Mr.  Kilburn  married 

Isabel  R.,  daughter 
of  Obadiah  Walker, 
of  Winchendon.  In 
1890  the  happy  couple  celebrated  their  golden  wedding 
and  received  a  warm  reception  from  their  townspeople 
and  friends.  Mr.  Kilburn  in  politics  is  a  Democrat, 
and  in  religion  a  Universalist.  He  is  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Orange  Savings  Bank  and  one  of  its  trustees. 
He  was  also  interested  in  the  organization  of  the  Orange 
National  Bank,  and  is  one  of  its  present  Board  of  Di- 
rectors. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kilburn  reside  in  a  jjalatial  home 
on  High  Street. 


ORANGE. 


587 


JOHN  WILSC^N  WHEELER,  of  Orange,  is  a  native 
of  that  town,  and  has  always  resided  there,  with 
the  exception  of  a  year  or  two  spent  in  Fitchburg.  He 
was  born  Nov.  20,  1832,  the  second  of  nine  children  of 
\Vilson  and  Catherine  (Holmes-Warden)  Wheeler,  and 
his  only  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools. 
For  a  year  or  two  after  his  majority  he  worked  as  a 
carpenter;  from  1856  to  1862  he  was  employed  in  a 
general  store  in  Orange  ;  then,  for  a  few  months'  time 
he  was  occupied  in 
the  claim  agency 
business  ;  and  from 
1863  to  1867  was 
engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business  on  his 
own  a  cc  ou  n  t.  In 
this  year,  at  the  age 
of  thirty-five,  Mr. 
Wheeler  associated 
himself  with  others, 
and  became  engaged 
in  the  manufacture 
of  sewing-machines, 
under  the  firm  name 
of  .-X.  F.  Johnson  & 
Co.  Two  years 
later,  in  1869,  a  cor- 
poration was  organ- 
ized, known  as  the 
"Gold  Medal  Sew- 
ing-Machine  C  o  m  - 
pany."  In  1882  the 
corporate  name  was 
changed  to  "  The 
New  Home  Sewing- 
Machine  Company," 
and  the  business  has 
grown  from  its  small 
beginnings  till  it  now 
employs    nearly    six 

hundred  men,  and  turns  out  nearly  four  liundred  finished 
machines  a  day.  From  the  start,  Mr.  \Vheeler  has  been 
the  financial  manager  and  one  of  the  controlling  spirits 
of  this  enterprise.  In  January,  1881,  he  was  elected 
trustee  of  the  Orange  Savings  Bank,  and  fi\  e  years  later 
was  made  president,  which  position  he  now  holds.  He 
has  been  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Orange  National 
Bank  since  June,  1880,  and  in  January,  1888,  was  elected 
vice-president.     In  January,  1889,  he  was  elected  direc- 


JOHN    W.    WHEELER. 


tor  in  the  (lossard  Investment  Company,  located  in 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  In  December,  1890,  Mr.  Wheeler 
was  elected  president  of  the  Worcester  Northwest  Agri- 
cultural and  Mechanical  Society  at  Athol,  Mass.,  and  in 
1 89 1  was  elected  president  of  the  Boston  Mutual  Life 
.Association  of  Boston.  In  1892  he  was  chosen  direc- 
tor in  the  LTnited  Coal  Company  at  Denver,  Col.  In 
politics  Mr.  Wheeler  is  a  Republican,  and  has  been 
called  by  his  fellow-citizens  to  positions  of  responsibility 

and    honor.     From 
I  8  6  I    to    1867    he 
served  as  town  clerk, 
in    1866   was  one  of 
the  selectmen  of  the 
town,   and    in     1876 
was  elected  a  mem- 
ber  of    the    Legisla- 
ture.    In    1 888  he 
was  one  of  the  dele- 
gates to  the  National 
Republican  Conven- 
t  i  o  n  at   Chicago 
which   n  o  m  i  n  a  t  e  d 
President    Harrison. 
He    is   a    prominent 
Mason,    was    one    of 
the    founders    of 
Orange     Lodge,    or- 
ganized in  1859,  was 
its  first  secretary,  af- 
terwards   its    treas- 
urer,  and  was  also 
a     charter     member 
and  first  treasurer  of 
Crescent  Royal  Arch 
C'hapter-    organ- 
ized   in    1884.      Mr. 
Wheeler  was  married 
in    Orange,    Oct.    9, 
1856,  by  Rev.  Hosea 
Ballou,  to  .\lmira   E.,  daughter  of   Daniel  and   .\lmira 
(Porter)  Johnson.     'Three  children  have  been  born  of 
this  union,  but  only  one  survives, —  Marion  L.,  wife  of 
John  B.  Welch      Mr.  ^Vheeler  resides  about  a  mile  from 
Orange  \'illage,  on   his    "Grand   View    Farm,"  where, 
while    still    closely    attending    to    business,    he    finds 
recreation  in  breeding  fine  horses  and  cattle,  to  which 
pleasant  and   interesting  occupation  he  de\otes  a  large 
share  of  his  leisure  time. 


S88 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


AI.PHEUS  HARDING,  son  of  Rev.  Alpheus  and 
Sarah  Bridge  Harding,  was  born  in  New  Salem, 
Mass.,  Jan.  12,  1818.  His  father  was  a  settled  minister 
in  New  Salem  more  than  forty  years,  and  especially 
prominent  in  connection  with  the  academy,  the  public 
schools  and  the  general  educational  interests  of  his 
time.  Alpheus,  Jr.,  was  fitted  for  college  in  the  acad- 
emy at  New  Salem,  and  entered  Amherst  College  in 
1833,  leaving  the  next  year,  on  account  of  sickness.  In 
1835  he  entered  a 
store    as    clerk    and 

continuedfor  _ 

twenty-one  years  in 
mercantile  life  in 
Worcester  and 
Franklin  counties, 
till  1856.  During 
this  time  he  was  ten 
years  postmaster  of 
New  Salem,  and 
served  the  town 
about  the  same 
length  of  time  as 
town  clerk  and  treas- 
urer, also  serving  at 
various  times  as 
chairman  of  the 
boards  of  selectmen, 
assessors  and  over- 
seers of  the  poor. 
He  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives from  New 
Salem  in  1851-52, 
taking  part  in  the 
long  and  memorable 
struggle  which  re- 
sulted in  the  elec- 
tion of  Charles  Sum- 
ner   to    the    United 

States  Senate  for  the  first  time.  He  again  represented 
New  Salem  in  the  Legislature  of  1853,  took  part  in  the 
formation  of  the  Free-soil  party  and  acted  with  it  till 
the  formation  of  the  Republican  party,  of  which  he  has 
been  an  ardent  supporter  to  the  present  time.  Since 
1856  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  New  Salem  Academy.  In  1856,  having  received  the 
appointment  of  cashier  of  the  Miller's  River  Bank  of 
Athol,  Mass.,  he  removed   to  that  town,  where   he  still 


ALPHEUS    HARDING 


resides,  .^fter  serving  as  cashier  for  eleven  years  the 
bank  was  changed  to  a  national  bank,  under  the  name 
of  the  Miller's  River  National  Bank  of  Athol,  Mass.,  and 
Mr.  Harding  was  made  president,  an  office  which  he  still 
holds,  having  served  as  president  twenty-six  years. 
In  1863  and  1867  he  represented  the  towns  of  .-^thol 
and  Royalston  in  the  Legislature,  serving  both  years  on 
the  Committee  on  Railroads.  While  a  member  of  the 
House,  in  1867,  he  obtained  a  charter  for  the  Athol  Sa\- 

ings  Bank,  an   insti- 
tution which    com- 
menced  business   in 
1867,  and    now    has 
deposits     of     nearly 
two    million    dollars. 
Mr.  Harding  was  its 
treasurer  till  January, 
1892,    when    he    be- 
came president.     In 
1879  and    1880    Mr. 
Harding  was  a  sen- 
ator from  the  Fourth 
Worcester      District, 
serving  the  first  year 
on    the     committees 
on  Hanks  and  Bank- 
ing, and  Labor,  and 
the  second    year  as 
chairman    of    the 
committees  on  Banks 
and  Banking,  and 
pjducation,  and  a 
member  of  the  Com- 
mittee   on  Towns. 
In   June,    1880,  he 
was    a    delegate    to 
the  National  Repub- 
lican    Convention. 
He  was    married    in 
1842    to    Maria     1'. 
Taft,  of  Dudley,  Mass.     Their  surviving  children  are  : 
Ella  M.,  who  married  Colonel  A.  L.  Newman,  late  pres- 
ident of  the  National  Bank  of  the  Commonwealth,  Bos- 
ton, and  William  B.,  secretary  of  the  Chemical  Paper 
Company   of    Holyoke.     Mr.    Harding,    in   connection 
with  several  other  prominent  citizens  of  Athol,  feeling 
the  need  of  a  liberal  church  in  that  community,  assisted 
in  the  formation  of  the  Second  Unitarian  Church,  which 
has  developed  into  a  useful  and  successful  organization. 


THE  healthy,  picturesque  and  progressive  town  of  Palmer  is  situated  on  the  main  line  of  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  fifteen  miles  from  Springfield,  and  is  about  equally  divided  in  its  industrial  interests  between 
manufacturing  and  agriculture.  The  town  proper  is  really  a  collection  of  four  small  \iliages,  the  larger  of  which 
is  Palmer  Depot,  in  the  location  above  described.  The  population  of  these  combined  villages  in  1892  exceeded 
6,500.     The  other  villages  of  the  quartette  are  Thorndike,  Three  Rivers  and  Bonds\ille. 

John  King,  who  established  himself  on  the  site  of  the  present  centre  of  the  town  about  the  year  17  17,  was 
in  all  probability  the  first  of  the  early  settlers  of  Palmer.  At  least  there  are  no  records  to  show  any  priority  of 
claim  to  this  honor.  Mr.  King's  sons  and  daughters,  of  w-hom  he  had  about  a  dozen,  for  it  was  the  fashion  of  our 
ancestors  to  have  as  many  children  as  possible,  according  to  the  scriptural  saying,  "  Blessed  is  the  man  who 
hath  his  quiver  full  of  them,"  settled  with  him  along  the  north  side  of  the  Quaboag  River,  forming  a  settlement 
that  afterward  became  known  as  King's  Row,  although  the  whole  town  was  called  Kingstown,  or  Kingsfield,  at  a 
later  date.  The  town  was  formally  settled  ten  years  later  than  the  above  date  by  a  company  of  Scotch-Irish  emi- 
grants, although  their  claim  to  the  land  was  disputed.  The  settlers  finally  petitioned  the  Legislature  for  a  grant 
of  the  land  ;  a  commission  was  appointed  by  that  body,  and  grants  were  made  to  forty-four  people.  These  people 
were  constituted  the  proprietors  of  the  town,  with  power  to  take  and  divide  any  land  in  the  town  which  was  not 
otherwise  pre-empted.  With  the  granting  of  the  land  there  was  levied  a  tax,  which,  although  only  amounting  to 
about  six  hundred  and  thirty  dollars,  or  four  cents  an  acre,  the  inhabitants  were  unable  to  pay  on  account  of  their 
extreme  poverty,  and  sought  relief  by  a  petition  to  the  Legislature.  This  tax  was  finally  divided  into  four  parts,  and 
the  settlers  succeeded  in  paying  it.  Almost  with  the  first  settlement  of  the  town  a  very  respectable  tavern  was  built, 
and  the  town  has  not  been  without  a  hostelry  since  that  day. 

In  1735  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  made  their  first  attempt  at  organization,  but  their  petition  to  the 
Legislature  to  be  set  off  as  a  town  failed  of  passage.  The  place  was  incorporated  as  a  district  in  1752, 
and  became  a  town  in  1786,  under  the  law  which  granted  that  right  for  all  places  that  had  been  made 
districts  prior  to  1777.  It  was  about  this  time  that  the  place  was  christened  by  its  present  title,  Lieutenant- 
Governor  Spencer  Phipps  bestowing  the  name  Palmer  in  honor  of  a  relative  who  had  died  a  short  time  before  in 
Scotland.  The  growth  of  the  town  has  been  comparatively  slow,  but  its  citizens  ha\e  ne\er  lacked  in  ])atriotism, 
and  it  is  recorded  that  in  the  Revolutionary  War  some  Palmer  men  fought  for  their  country,  while  the  town 
furnished  its  share  of  volunteers  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  Their  valor  has  been  commemorated  by  the  erec- 
tion of  a  fine  Memorial  Hall.  The  main  portion  of  the  town  forms  the  chief  business-rmtre,  and  it  is  htre  that 
the  Palmer  National  Bank,  established  in  1875,  and  the  Palmer  Savings  Bank,  incorporated  in  1870,  are  located. 
The  churches  and  schools  of  Palmer  have  kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  community,  while  the  town  has  many 
other  improvements  to  its  credit. 

Up  to  the  year  1S24  the  principal  business  was  the  pursuit  of  agriculture,  although,  as  was  common  in  many 
other  places,  there  was  a  grist  mill  or  two  before  that  year.  Several  different  industries  were  started  a  year  or  two 
before,  Init  none  flourished  for  a  great  length  of  time.  In  1824  the  Palmer  Manufacturing  Company  located  in 
Three  Rivers,  but  failed  four  years  later.  In  1832  the  plant  was  started  in  the  manufacture  of  common  white 
cotton  goods,  which  later  gave  way  to  the  making  of  fancy  dress  goods.  The  Thorndike  Company,  located  in  the 
village  of  the  same  name,  began  operations  in  1837,  and  has  continued  ever  since  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
ticks  and  stripes,  while  the  Boston  Duck  Company,  which  was  organized  in  1844,  is  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  sail  cloth  and  ducking.  A  good  grade  of  Brussels  carpet  is  also  made  in  the  town,  and  the  future  of  Palmer  as 
a  business  nucleus  and  a  magnetic  point  for  population  is  assured. 


S90 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF  TO-DAY. 


ORRIN  PEER  ALLEN  is  a  native  of  Wallingford, 
\'t.,  where  he  was  born  Sept.  30,  1833.     He  is 
descended  in  the  eighth  generation  from  the  emigrant, 
Hope  Allen,  a  currier  of  Boston  in  1651,  through  Edward-, 
Edward^,   Nathaniel'',  Joseph"',  Robert'',   Robert'.     His 
mother,  Eliza  Paine  Doolittle,  is  descended  in  the  sixth 
generation  from  the  emigrant,  Abraham  Doolittle,  who 
came  probably  from   County  Bedford,    England,  about 
1638,   and  was  one   of  the   influential  settlers  -of  New 
Haven,     through 
John-,     Rev.    Ben- 
jamin',   Amzi'',  Ros- 
welP.       He    is   also 
descended  from  John 
Howland    and    John 
TuUey  of  the  "  May- 
flower,"   and     other 
noted  early    families 
of  New  F;  n  g  1  a  n  d, 
among     which    may 
be   named   those    of 
Cofifin,   C  h  i  p  m  a  n, 
Cady,     Cook,    Burt, 
Bartlett,    Barnard, 
Gardner,    Knap]), 
Lee,  Philbrick,  Skiff, 
Strong,     Todd     and 
Winter.       Mr.  Allen 
completed  his  educa- 
tion at  Chester  Acad- 
emy, Vt.,   where   he 
won  an  enviable  po- 
sition  as  a    student. 
During  his  course  of 
study  there  he  taught 
school  in    the  towns 
of  Windham,  Caven- 
dish    and     \'ernon, 
Vt.   After  graduating 
he  taught  school  for 

some  time  in  Hackensack,  N.  J.  He  was  for  several 
years  superintendent  of  schools  in  Vernon,  Vt.,  and 
resigned  the  office  on  his  removal  from  the  State.  He 
came  to  I^almer,  Mass.,  Oct.  5,  1859,  where  he  com- 
menced the  Imsiness  of  pharmacy,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued.  He  evinced  in  early  life  a  decided 
taste  for  literary  pursuits,  and  his  course  of  reading  has 
been  unusually  extensive,  ranging  thnjugh  nearly  all 
departments   of  literature,  and  embracing  the  classics, 


ORRIN    P.    ALLEN 


poetry,  history  and  various  sciences.  He  commenced 
writing  for  the  press  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and  has  con- 
tinued to  contribute  to  numerous  publications  since. 
He  has  been  engaged  for  several  years  in  preparing 
genealogies  of  the  Allen,  Cady,  Doolittle,  Scott  and 
allied  families,  soon  to  be  published.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  New  England  Historic  Cenealogical  Society  of 
Boston,  the  Potumtuck  ^'alley  Memorial  Association  of 
Deerfield,  and  local  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Valley 

Historical  Society  of 
.Springfield.  He  has 
never  sought  office, 
yet  has  been  called 
to  fill  manv  places  of 
trust.  He  is  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of 
the  Eastern  Hamp- 
den Agricultural  So- 
ciety, which  position 
he  has  held  for  sev- 
enteen years,  and  he 
has  been  for  many 
years  a  trustee  of  the 
Palmer  Savings  Bank. 
He  was  for  several 
years  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school 
connected  with  the 
Second  Congrega- 
tional Church  of 
Palmer,  and  contin- 
ues to  be  clerk  of 
both  the  same  church 
and  ])arish.  He  was 
one  of  the  prime 
movers  in  the  found- 
ing of  the  Voung 
Men's  Library  .Asso- 
ciation of  Palmer, 
having  since  been 
one  of  its  trustees,  and  for  many  years  its  librarian.  In 
1883,  when  the  history  of  Palmer  was  projected,  he  was 
selected  by  the  town  as  one  of  the  Publishing  Commit- 
tee, of  which  he  was  the  chairman,  and  de\oted  much 
time  to  the  collecting  of  material  for  the  same  until  its 
completion  in  1889.  Mr.  Allen  takes  a  lively  interest 
in  all  the  progressive  mo\'ements  of  his  town,  in  the 
futheranre  of  which  he  is  ahvax's  reach'  to  lend  .n  hclii- 
ine  hand. 


PALMER. 


591 


CHARLES  L.  <;ARDNKR,  son  of  Klishaand  Elvira 
(S])rague)   ( lardner,  was   born   in    Cummington, 
Hampshire  County,  Mass.,  May   27,    1839,    where   the 
early  years  of  his  life   were    spent.     He  attended    the 
public  schools  of  that  town  and  the  academy  at  Ashfield. 
.After  studying  law  in  the  office  of  the  late  judge  S.  '!'. 
Spaulding,  a  leading  lawyer  of  Hampshire  County,  at 
Northampton,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that  city, 
in  1867.     He  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his   profes- 
sion at  Palmer,  where 
he  has  since  resided, 
having  become  asso- 
ciated with   the   late 
Judge  James  G.  .-Mien, 
under  the  firm  name 
of  Allen  iS;  (Gardner. 
This    firm    was    dis- 
solved     in       187  o, 
since  which  time  Mr. 
(iardner    has     prac- 
tised alone,  his   field 
covering  many  of  the 
towns    of    Hampden 
Count  y,    including 
.Springfield,     the 
county    seat.       He 
was   appointetl  a 
trial     justice    for 
Hampden    County 
soon  after  his  admis- 
sion to   the  bar,  and 
held    that    position 
until    the    establish- 
ment of  the  district 
court    at    Palmer    in 
I872.       He    has    a 
large   and  successful 
practice  and  is  con- 
sidered   one    of    the 
leading     lawyers     in 

the  county.  Mr.  dardner  is  a  Republican  in  politics  and 
or  years  has  been  prominent  in  the  councils  of  that 
party,  having  been  called  to  many  positions  of  honor  and 
trust.  In  1875  ^"d  1876  he  was  a  member  of  the  lower 
branch  of  the  Legislature  serving  from  the  Second  Dis- 
trict. During  both  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee  and,  the  second  year,  of  the  Joint 
Special  Committee  on  Constitutional  Amendments.  In 
1878  and    1879  he  was  a   State    .senator,  serving   both 


CHARLES    L.    GARDNER. 


years  on  the  Judiciary  Committee,  where  his  legal  train- 
ing was  of  great  value.  On  retiring  from  the  Senate 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Republican  State  Com- 
mittee and  continued  in  that  office  two  years,  acting 
on  the  Executive  Committee.  He  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  assistant  internal  revenue  assessor  and  held 
that  office  until  it  was  abolished.  In  1886  he  became 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State  Primary 
and  Reform  schools,  but  declined  a  re-appointment  at 

the  expiration  of  his 
term  on   account  of 
the  demands  of  pri- 
vate    business.      In 
the  general    election 
of    1892    he    was 
elected    to   the    dis- 
trict attorneyship  of 
the  Western  District, 
comprising  the  coun- 
ties    of     Hampden 
and     P)erkshire,    an 
office  with  a  term  of 
three  years.      In  lo- 
cal affairs  Mr.  (iard- 
ner has  always  been 
ipiite  prominent. 
He    has    been    an 
officer  in  the  Palmer 
Savings     Bank    most 
of  the  time  since  its 
organization  and 
was  for  several  years 
its  president.     For  a 
score  of  years  he  has 
been    closely  identi- 
fied  with   t)ie    inter- 
ests of  the  town  and 
has  always  been  influ- 
ential   in    promoting 
its  growth  and  pros- 
perity.    Soon  after  taking  up  his  residence  in  Palmer, 
Mr.  (Gardner  married  Esther  E.  Cilmore,  of  Monson,  a 
daughter  of  Nathaniel  Cilmore,  formerly  a  leading  citi- 
zen of  Stafford,  Conn.,  now  deceased.     They  ha\e  two 
children,  Charles  (iilmore  (iardner  and  Edwin  Sprague 
(iardner.     .Mr.  (iardner's  services  to  his  district  and  to 
the  Commonwealth  have  been  of  such  value  as  to  gain  for 
him  the  attention  and  the  res]iect  of  men  of  all  political 
parties. 


592 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


WILLIAM  WILSON  LEACH  was  born  in  Mon- 
son,  Mass.,  Feb.  22,  1856,  and  resided  tiiere 
during  his  youth  and  school-days.  Since  his  graduation 
from  college,  in  1S80,  he  has  been  a  resident  of  Palmer, 
Mass.  His  parents  were  Willard  and  Lavilla  M.  I.each, 
the  former  being  a  native  of  Vermont  and  the  latter  a 
descendant  of  one  of  the  very  earliest  settlers  of  Mon- 
son.  Mr.  Leach  spent  the  care-free  days  of  boyhood  on 
a  small  farm,  and  his  early  life  was  that  of  the  average 
New  England  farmer 
boy,  with  the  usual 
advantages  for  edu- 
cation that  are 
afforded  by  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the 
neighborhood.  After 
a  course  in  the  com- 
mon schools  of  the 
town  he  entered 
Monson  Academy, 
from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1876. 
His  course  in  the 
academy  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  course 
of  study  in  Tufts 
College  at  Medford, 
from  which  institu- 
tion he  was  gradua- 
ted in  1880.  Upon 
the  completion  of 
his  college  studies 
he  entereel  the  law 
office  of  Charles  L. 
Gardner,  in  I'almer, 
and  was  admitted  to 
practice  at  the  |_bar 
of  Hampden  County 


in  March,  1883.     He 
has  been    associated 

with  Mr.  Ciardner  since  that  time,  and  has  been  very 
successful  in  his  profession.  In  his  political  affiliations 
Mr.  Leach  is  a  stanch  Republican,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  prominent  members  of  the  party  in  Hamjiden 
County.  In  the  course  of  his  work  for  the  party  he 
was  chairman  of  the  Republican  Town  Committee  of 
Palmer  for  the  five  years  from  1883  to  188S,  and  again 
in  1890.  His  work  as  the  head  of  the  working  wing  of 
the  party,  in  this  town,  was  especially  successful,  and 


WILLIAM    W.    LEACH. 


won  much  favorable  commendation.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Legislature,  and  during  his  membership  in  that 
body  he  did  excellent  service  for  the  people  on  a  num- 
ber of  important  committees.  He  was  House  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Labor,  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Rules,  and  also  of  the  special  committee 
appointed  during  the  session  to  investigate  the  publica- 
tion of   the    Province    laws.     During   his    term    in    the 

House  Mr.  Leach 
proved  himself  to  be 
a  ready  debater  and 
one  of  the  ablest 
representatives 
which  the  district, 
that  had  chosen  him 
as  its  standard- 
bearer,  ever  pos- 
sessed. Indeed,  he 
jtf^  (f  was   so    highly   re- 

■^^m  garded  that,  in  1892, 

when  the  Republi- 
cans of  the  Second 
Senatorial  District 
wanted  a  candidate 
to  run  for  senator 
against  one  of  the 
most  popular  Demo- 
crats in  this  section, 
they  turned  to  Mr. 
Leach,  and  he,  un- 
doubtedly, could 
have  had  the  nomi- 
.  nation,  but  he  with- 
drew from  the  field 
because  his  law  [lart- 
ner  was  a  candidate 
for  the  office  of  dis- 
trict attorney.  He 
also  holds  several 
important  (  ivil  offices.  He  is  president  of  the  Palmer 
Co-operative  Bank,  and  secretary  and  trustee  of  the 
Palmer  Savings  Bank.  He  is  also  secretary  and  trustee 
of  the  Young  Men's  Library  Association.  Mr.  Leach 
was  married,  on  Aug.  12,  1884,  to  Ellen  E.  Sutcliffe,  a 
very  popular  teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  Monson 
and  Palmer,  Mass.,  and  his  home-life  is  as  attractive  to 
contemplate  as  has  been  his  public  and  professional 
record. 


PALMER. 


593 


W  1 1. LARD  HADLEY  STOWE  was  born  in  Mor- 
ristown,  Lamoille  County,  \'t.,  June  22,  1S44, 
the  son  of  Solomon  and  Ursula  G.  Stowe,  his  early  boy- 
hood being  spent  on  his  father's  farm,  while  his  school- 
ing was  attained  by  attendance  at  the  district  schools. 
Later  he  entered  the  People's  Academy  in  Morrisville, 
where  he  paid  for  his   tuition  by    taking  care  of    the 
building  and   ringing   the    bell,  and,  like    many  other 
scholars,  he  boarded  himself  in  order  to  save  expense. 
During    the    winters 
he  taught  school  to 
provide  himself  with 
books    and    clothes, 
the  first  term,  during 
the    winter    of    1862 
and    1863    receiving 
seventeen  dollars  per 
month  and  the  priv- 
ilege   of     "boarding 
around  "  as  payment 
for  his  services.      His 
life,  up  to  the  age  of 
twenty-one,   was 
passed  in   this  man- 
ner.    At  that  age  he 
entered  the  LIni\er- 
sity    of    Vermont, 
where  he  spent  two 
years  in  the  study  of 
medicine,   and    then 
graduated    from    the 
liellevue  Hospital 
College,   of    New 
York,    on    March    2, 
1869.     Having    thus 
acquired  the  title  of 
M.  D.,  he  began  prac- 
tice   in    Gilbertville, 
Mass.,  and  remained 
there   for  six   years, 

giving  up  a  lucrative  business  to  establish  himself  in 
Palmer,  where  he  has  since  practised  his  profession 
with  eminent  success,  being  considered  one  of  the  best 
physicians  in  that  section.  Dr.  Stowe  is  not  wedded, 
save  to  the  profession  he  so  ably  represents,  but  man- 
ages to  extract  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  out  of  life.  He 
is  a  Prohibitionist,  and  has  often  had  the  honor  of  an 
offer  of  election  to  various  civil  and  political  offices,  but 


entire  energies  to  the  alleviation  of  human  suffering. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  Eastern  Hampden  Med- 
ical .'Association  since  its  organization  in  1880,  and  was 
its  president  at  one  time.  He  is  also  a  Mason,  having 
joined  the  order  in  1865.  Dr.  Stowe  is  a  close  and 
progressive  student,  and  takes  much  pleasure  in  his 
books  and  considerable  pride  in  the  fact  that  he  has 
the  largest  private  library  in  the  town  of  Palmer.  He 
is  a  liberal  thinker  and  ready  writer,  and  has  contributed 

many  papers  to  the 
local  press  on  ques- 
tions of  the  day  and 
on    natural    history. 
Outside   of   his  pro- 
fession   he    devotes 
considerable  time  to 
the  Young  Men's  Li- 
brary Association,  of 
which  he  is  president 
at  the   present  time 
and  of  which  he  is  a 
charter  member. 
This  organization   is 
one    of    the    leading 
features  of  the  town, 
and  has  comfortable 
and  spacious  quarters 
in    the     recently 
erected    memorial 
hall,   which,    by    the 
way,   Dr.  Stowe   was 
largely    instrumental 
in  having  built.     He 
has  bestowed  a  great 
amount  of  time  and 
no    little    monev   on 
this   association, 
which  has  helped  to 
bring    it    to   a   very 
flourishing  condition 
from  an  exceedingly   small    beginning.     He   has  done 
even  more  than  that,  for  he  has  recently  given  to  the 
society  his  large  and  valuable  collection  of  Indian  relics, 
historic  crockery,  pamphlets,  books  and  curios,  among 
which  are  many  choice  things  of  local  interest  that  can- 
not be  duplicated.     Dr.  Stowe's  reputation  as  a  man  of 
science  is  regarded   in  Palmer  as  public   property,  of 
which  the  citizens  of  the  town  have  every  reason  to  be 


WILLARD    H.    STOWE. 


has  steadfastly  refused  them  all,  preferring  to  devote  his     proud. 


THE  fame  of  the  town"of  Monson  rests  literally  upon  a  foundation  of  granite,  for  while  the  town  is  essentially 
a  manufacturing  community  the  name  Monson  has  become  inseparably  associated  with  the  crystalline 
mineral  which  finds  its  way  to  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  stone  is  of  several  distinct  varieties  and  is  used 
almost  entirely  in  the  construction  of  buildings  and  walls,  although  latterly  it  has  become  very  popular  for  monu- 
mental work.  It  is  found  in  various  tints.  There  is  a  beautiful  light  mottled  grey,  that  resembles  marble  when 
finished,  a  mottled  white  and  a  handsome  dark  blue.  The  stone  is  largely  used  in  Hampden  County  and  neighbor- 
ing sections,  while  nearly  all  of  the  public  buildings  in  Monson  are  constructed  of  it. 

Monson  is  located  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Hampden  County,  and  covers  a  territory  about  forty  miles 
square.  The  town  was  originally  a  part  of  Brimfield,  and  its  first  stated  settlement  was  in  October,  1657,  when  Richard 
Fellows  was  granted  a  tract  of  two  hundred  acres  along  the  Chicopee  River,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  present 
town.  With  the  grant  there  was  a  condition  —  that  Fellows  should  establish,  and  run  for  a  period  of  seven  years, 
a  tavern  for  the  entertainment  of  man  and  beast.  He  did  not  keep  the  latter  agreement,  however,  for  the  Indians 
became  so  troublesome  that  he  had  to  take  his  departure  from  the  place,  although  for  some  reason  or  other  he  did 
not  forfeit  his  claim.  This  settlement  by  Fellows  was  fifty  years  prior  to  the  permanent  one,  which  was  made  by 
Robert  Olds,  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the  town  of  Brimfield.  Others  were  gradually  attracted  to  the 
place  on  account  of  the  richness  of  the  soil,  and  the  settlement  became  so  strong  that  on  June  7,  1757,  the  people 
petitioned  to  be  set  off  as  a  district.  The  district  was  incorporated  April  25,  1760.  Monson  was  incorporated  as 
a  town  Oct.  20,  1775,  starting  in  upon  its  new  life  with  forty-nine  families  within  its  precincts.  The  growth  of  the 
town  since  that  time  has  been  slow  but  healthy,  until  in  1890,  according  to  the  United  States  census,  there  were 
3,650  people  in  the  town. 

The  present  town  is  one  of  those  pretty  New  England  villages  whose  praises  are  so  often  sounded.  It  lies 
in  a  narrow  valley  with  low  ranges  of  hills  on  its  eastern  and  western  boundaries,  which  give  it  just  enough  of  the 
rural  to  offset  the  manufacturing  of  the  town  proper.  Outside  of  the  quarrying  of  granite  the  principal  industries 
of  the  town  are  in  the  manufacture  of  woollen  and  straw  goods  —  industries  that  have  thrived  for  many  years. 
There  are  many  points  of  interest  in  the  town,  not  the  least  of  which  are  its  several  memorial  buildings.  The 
largest  of  these  is  the  Memorial  Hall,  which  was  erected  in  1884  at  a  cost  of  $40,000.  The  hall  is  used  also  as  a 
town  hall,  and  was  jointly  built  by  public  and  private  subscription.  In  the  hall  are  memorial  tablets  on  which  are 
inscribed  the  names  of  the  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  townsmen  who  enlisted  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  while 
they  are  again  honored  by  a  handsome  granite  monument,  which  stands  on  a  green  plot  in  the  centre  of  the  town. 
The  other  building  referred  to  is  the  Horatio  Lyon  Memorial  Library,  a  handsome  building,  erected  at  a  cost  of 
§35,000,  and  having  an  endowment  from  the  donor  of  $20,000  more.  Other  features  of  town  are  the  memorial 
fountains  presented  by  S.  F.  Cushman  and  W.  N.  Flynt,  and  the  fine  park  that  is  being  developed  by  the  latter. 
The  town  is  particularly  strong  in  its  banking  institutions  also.  The  Monson  National  Bank  was  incorporated  in 
1854  and  reorganized  in  1864,  while  the  Monson  Savings  Bank,  which  was  incorporated  in  1872,  had  deposits  of 
nearly  $700,000  in  1892. 

The  churches  and  schools  of  the  town  have  also  attained  a  very  high  standard.  As  early  as  1765  the  town 
appropriated  Si 00  for  educational  purposes,  an  amount  that  has  been  greatly  increased  in  these  later  years.  The 
]jrincipal  educational  institution  of  the  town  is  the  Monson  Academy,  which  enrolls  among  its  alumni  many  of  the 
prominent  men  of  the  State  and  country.  The  academy  was  incorporated  June  21,  1804,  with  the  endowment  of 
a  half  township  in  Maine  under  the  act  relating  to  academies,  passed  by  the  Legislature  of  1797.  The  town 
erected  the  building,  and  jirivate  parties  have  since  contributed  a  liberal  endowment. 


MONSOAL 


595 


SOLOMON    FRANCIS    CUSHMAN,    one    of    the 
leading  woollen  manufacturers  of  the   Bay  State, 
was  born    in    Monson,  Me.,  Nov.    i8,    1826,  although 
more  than  half  of  his  life   has  been   spent  in   the  town 
of  his  adoption.     His  parents  were  Solomon  and  Har- 
riet (Adams)   Cushman,  who  were   among  the  earliest 
settlers  of  the  town  of  his  birth.     Mr.  Cushman  himself 
is  a  direct  descendant  of  Robert  Cushman,  being  of  the 
eighth  generation.      Mr.   Cushman's  early  school-days 
were    spent    in    the 
public  schools  of  the 
town,   and    later    in 
the  academy  in  the 
same  place,  although 
he  is  not  a  graduate 
of     any    institution. 
As  a  young  man  he 
worked  on  a  farm 
and    in    the    lumber 
camps  of  his  native 
State,  but    upon    at- 
taining   his   majority 
accepted  a  place  in 
a  store  in  the  town 
of  his  birth.     For 
the  next  five  years  he 
retained    this    clerk- 
ship, following    with 
two  years  of  similar 
work    in    the   village 
of    Three    Rivers,    a 
part  of  the  town  of 
Palmer,    Mass.       In 
1856  he  took  up  his 
residence    in    Mon- 
son, Mass.,  and  has 
resided  there  contin- 
uously   since    that 
time,    being   one    of 
the    most   important 

factors  in  the  development  of  the  town.  During  the 
first  ten  years  of  his  residence  there  he  acted  as  book- 
keeper for  the  Monson  Woollen  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, but  in  1866  he  acquired  an  interest  in  the 
business,  and  the  partnership  thus  formed  was  con- 
tinued with  eminent  success  for  twelve  years.  In  1878 
Mr.  Cushman  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  con- 
cern, and  he  has  since  conducted  its  affairs  in  company 
with  his  sons,  the  business  being  run  under  the  title  of 


SOLOMON    F.   CUSHMAN 


S.  F.  Cushman  &  Sons.  The  same  [ability  to  manage 
and  improve,  which  characterized  Mr.  Cushman's  work 
for  the  old  Monson  Company,  shows  itself  only  to 
a  greater  degree  in  the  new  concern  and  also  seems 
to  be  inherent  in  his  sons.  So  successful  has  been 
the  business  that  the  original  mill  has  been  supple- 
mented by  another,  both  being  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  woollen  goods.  Mr.  Cushman  has  been  an 
ardent  promoter  of  Monson's  weal,  and  is  prominently 

identified    with    the 
town's    leading     in- 
stitutions   and    all 
matters    of    local 
importance.     Mr. 
Cushman  is  a  public- 
spirited     citizen     of 
unusual  calibre,  and 
among   other  things 
presented    the    town 
with  a  handsome 
granite    drinking 
fountain.     Mr.  Cush- 
man has  always  been 
a  steadfast  Republi- 
can  and   has  often 
been    elected    to 
office.     His   latest 
honor  was  his   elec- 
tion to    the    State 
Senate    over  one    of 
the   most  prominent 
Democrats  in  his 
district.      He    was 
also  a  member  of  the 
State  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives in   1 88 1 
and    in     1883.       In 
both  branches  of  the 
Legislature    Mr. 
Cushman  was  a  very 
useful  member.     He  also  served  as  selectman.     He  is 
now  president  and  director  of  the  Savings  Bank,  vice- 
president  of  the  National  Bank,  treasurer  of  the  Public 
Library,  and  a  trustee  of    the  academy.     In   1852   he 
married  Candace  Brown  Packard,  of  Monson,  Me.,  who 
died  in    1890.     They  had  seven  children,   Edward  D., 
Rufus  P.,   Solomon  Fred,  Hattie    F.,  Thaddeus  L.  and 
Robert   H.,  who  still  live,  and   Francis  A.,  who  died  in 
childhood. 


596 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


EDWARD    FRANKLIN    MORRIS,   eldest    son  of 
Deacon  George  Flynt  Morris  and  Sarah  (Morse) 
Morris,  was  born  in  Monson,  July  25,  1S40.     He  comes 
of  an  ancient  and  honorable  English  family,  being  of  the 
eighth  generation  in  lineal  descent  from  Edward  Mor- 
ris of  Waltham  Abbey,  County  of  Essex,  England,  who 
emigrated    to    this    country  and    settled    at    Roxbury, 
Mass.,  in  1 65  2.     Mr.  Morris  was  married  at  Easthampton, 
Mass.,    Oct.    25,    1865,   to    Louise    J.    Clapp,    adopted 
daughter  of  Isaac  K. 
Clapp  of  that  town. 
Four   children    have 
been  born   to  them, 
of  whom    three    are 
living.     They   are 
Alice  Amelia  Morris, 
Louise     Morris    and 
Edward  Lyman  Mor- 
ris.    Mr.   Morris  re- 
ceived his  education 
in    t  h  e   c  o  m  m  o  n 
schools  of  his  native 
town  and  at  Monson 
Academy,     pursuing 
at  the  latter  the  Eng- 
lish   and    scientific 
courses.     For  a  short 
time  after  leaving  the 
academy  he  taught  in 
one    of    the   outside 
districts  of  the  town. 
In   1857,  then  being 
nearly   seventeen 
years  of  age,  he  was 
employed  as  a  clerk 
in  the  Monson  Bank, 
which    was    at    that 
time  under  the  cash- 
iership   of   Jonathan 
Ralph   Flynt,    where 

he  remained  over  six  years,  leaving  there  to  become 
book-keeper  in  the  Agawam  Bank,  Springfield.  The 
cashiership  of  the  Monson  Bank  becoming  vacant  soon 
after,  he  was  chosen  to  the  position  and  entered  upon 
his  dtities  April  i,  1864,  a  position  he  still  holds.  Early 
in  1864  the  bank  was  re-organized  under  the  National 
Currency  Act,  it  being  one  of  the  first  banks  in  this 
vicinity  to  take  that  step.  In  1872  the  Monson  Sav- 
ings Bank  was  incorporated,  and  the  directors  of  his 


EDWARD    F.    MORRIS. 


own  bank  consenting,  he  was  persuaded  to  accept  the 
treasurership  of  the  new  institution,  to  which  position 
he  was  elected  and  which  he  still  holds.     For  twenty- 
one  years  the  two  banks  occupied  the  same  quarters, 
but  the  Savings  Bank  will  soon  occupy  separate  banking 
rooms.     Mr.  Morris  has  always  given  close  attention  to 
the    demands  of  business,  social  and    family  life,  and 
while  seeking  to  be  a  useful  citizen,  has  never  been  an 
aspirant  for  public  honors.     Aside  from  his  bank  con- 
nection, he  has  filled 
many    private    posi- 
tions of   trust.      He 
has    been    a   faithful 
alumnus  of   Monson 
Academy,    h  n  v  i  n  g 
been    a    trustee    for 
about    twenty-four 
years,    the    most    of 
the  time  being  treas- 
urer, a  member  of  its 
Standing  Committee 
and   secretary  of   its 
alumni      association. 
He  has  also  been  a 
member  of  the  Con- 
gregational    Church 
for    t  h  i  r  t  y-s  even 
years,  thirty  as  treas- 
urer, twenty-three  as 
a  deacon,  and  seven 
as  Sunday-school 
superintendent.       In 
all  movements  calcu- 
lated to  advance  the 
moral    and    material 
interests  of  Monson, 
Mr.  Morris  has  been 
a   prominent    factor. 
He  was  instrumental 
in  the  establishment 
of  a  free  public  reading  room  and  in  its  development 
later  into  a  free  public   library,  at  present  one  of  the 
prominent  features  of  the  town.     He  was  also  largely 
instrumental  in  securing   the    fine    memorial    building, 
which  the  library  occupies,    and  its    endowment.     He 
has  been  a  trustee  of  the  library  since  its  organization. 
Mr.  Morris  was  for  years  an  active  Mason,  being  wor- 
shipful master  of  Day  Spring  Lodge  for  two  years,  and 
is  also  a  Royal  Arch  Mason. 


THF2  town  of  Melrose  was  incorporated  in  1850.  'I'he  territory  originally  belonged  to  Charlestown,  which  was 
settled  in  1629,  and  was  a  very  extensive  region  in  those  days,  for  it  included  Maiden,  Woburn,  Stoneham, 
Burlington,  Somerville,  a  large  part  of  Medford,  and  a  small  part  of  Cambridge  and  Reading.  Difficulties  con- 
cerning the  boundaries  of  the  several  towns  arose  early,  and  were  settled  by  the  Cleneral  Court.  When  Maiden 
became  a  town,  in  1649,  all  its  northern  part  (now  Melrose)  was  a  tract  of  over  two  thousand  acres  of  undivided 
land,  and  it  came  to  be  known  as  the  "  Commons."  It  was  very  desirable  both  as  woodland  and  pasturage.  This 
land  was  divided  among  seventy-four  freeholders  of  Maiden,  and  the  choice  of  lots  was  drawn  by  lot,  from  which 
method  of  procedure  in  early  days  arose  probably  the  expression  "a  lot  of  land."  In  later  years  this  territory 
became  known  as  North  Maiden,  and  so  remained  until  1850,  when,  after  several  legislative  hearings,  and  a  long 
struggle,  an  act  incorporating  the  town  of  Melrose  was  approved  by  (lovernor  George  N.  Briggs.  Three  years 
later,  in  1853,  after  another  severe  contest,  a  part  of  Stoneham  was  set  off  to  Melrose,  giving  the  town  the  greater 
part  of  what  is  now  known  as  the  Highlands,  and  making  Melrose  to  comprise  about  three  thousand  five  hundred 
square  acres.  The  name  Melrose  was  adopted  at  the  suggestion  of  William  Bogle,  a  native  of  Melrose,  Scotland, 
who  claimed  that  the  town  much  resembled  the  one  across  the  Atlantic,  celebrated  for  its  Abbey  and  made 
famous  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

.-Mthough  Melrose  is  a  young  town,  her  territory  has  been  occupied  for  more  than  two  centuries,  and  there 
are  houses  there,  or  parts  of  them,  more  than  two  hundred  years  old.  Among  the  ancient  families  were  the 
Lyndes,  the  (Greens,  the  Uphams,  the  Barretts,  the  Spragues,  the  Howards  and  the  Vintons.  The  Lyndes 
formerly  owned  nearly  all  the  southerly  part  of  Melrose,  and  were  descended  from  Ensign  Thomas  Lynde,  who 
came  to  Maiden  soon  after  its  incorporation.  The  old  Lynde  homestead  is  now  more  than  two  hundred  years 
old.  The  ancestor  of  all  the  Greens  in  Melrose  was  Thomas  Green,  who  settled  in  Maiden  as  early  as  1651,  and 
who  owned  a  farm  of  sixty-three  acres  at  the  Highlands.  The  Barretts  are  also  one  of  the  oldest  Melrose  fami- 
lies. Deacon  Jonathan  Barrett,  son  of  James,  who  was  born  in  Maiden  in  1644,  and  grandson  of  James,  who 
first  settled  in  Charlestown  in  1635,  came  to  Melrose  about  the  year  1705. 

About  the  year  1813  the  first  preaching  service  was  held  in  the  old  district  school-house,  which  stood  on 
what  is  now  Lebanon  Street.  In  1815  a  Methodist  Episcopal  church  was  formed,  and  in  1848  the  Orthodox 
Congregational  church  was  organized.  The  Universalist  church  was  organized  in  1849,  and  Trinity  Church  in 
1857,  and  ten  years  later  the  Unitarian  Congregational  church  was  formed.  In  1873  a  Roman  Catholic  church 
was  established,  the  pastor  having  purchased  the  old  Baptist  church  edifice.  The  Catholics  have  recently  erected 
a  very  beautiful  church  in  Wyoming. 

The  first  town  meeting  was  held  May  10,  1850,  and  the  officers  elected  were  Jeremiah  Martin,  Isaac  Emer- 
son, Jr.,  and  Artemas  Barrett,  selectmen  :  Elbridge  (keen,  town  clerk  ;  Isaac  Emerson,  treasurer  and  collector  ; 
.Aaron  Green,  S.  L.  Taylor  and  William  J.  Farnsworth,  assessors;  Henry  A.  Norris,  Caleb  Howard  and  Elbridge 
Green,  School  Committee.  The  town  then  had  a  population  of  only  1,260,  and  the  valuation  was  $483,446. 
Within  the  past  ten  years,  however,  the  town  has  made  rapid  strides  in  wealth  and  population,  the  population 
being  nearly,  if  not  quite,  10,000,  and  there  is  some  talk  of  its  becoming  a  city  within  the  next  five  years.  It  is 
not  a  manufacturing  town,  but  a  place  of  residence  for  men  who  do  business  in  Boston,  and  they  find  it  a  quiet 
and  healthy  locality  in  which  to  make  their  homes.  The  town  has  fine  public  schools,  a  handsome  town  hall  and 
beautiful  churches.  The  supply  of  water  is  taken  from  Spot  Pond,  and  the  streets  and  public  buildings  are  lighted 
with  electricity.  There  are  more  than  one  hundred  trains  to  and  from  Boston  each  day,  and  there  are  horse  and 
electric  street  railroads.  The  town  will  soon  have  a  complete  system  of  sewerage,  and  the  citizens  have  shown 
their  truly  progressive  instincts  by  voting  that  the  town~should  own  and  operate  its  electric  light  plant, 


598 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


B    MARVIN    FERNALD  was  born  in  Great    Falls, 
.      N.  H.,   Feb.   14,   1847.     He   was  prepared    for 
college  at  Phillips  Acadamy,  Ivxeter,  N.  H.,  after  which 
he  entered  Harvard  College  and  was  graduated  in   the 
class  of  1870.     He   soon   after   decided    to   become  a 
member  of  the  legal  profession,  and  with  this  object  in 
view  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Judge  Joseph  F.  Wig- 
gin  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873.     A  partner- 
ship was  very  soon  formed,  and  the  firm  became  Wiggin 
&  Fernald,  and  they 
are  still    in    partner- 
ship and   do  an  ex- 
tensive     business, 
having  an    office    on 
State  Street,  l-Soston. 
In  1874  Mr.  Fernald 
was  married  to  Miss 
(irace  Fuller,  daugh- 
ter   of     Richard    F. 
Fuller,      of     Boston, 
and    they    have    one 
child,  a  daughter  of 
fifteen.     Mr.  Fernald 
moved  to  Melrose  in 
1875    and  began  to 
take   an  active  inter- 
est in  everything  that 
pertained  to  the  wel- 
fare and  prosperity  of 
the    town.      He    has 
f  r  e  ([  u  e  n  t  ly    been 
urged  to  accept  ofifice 
in  the  town,  but  has 
declined  because  he 
wished  to  devote  his 
whole    time    to    his 
business.       Being, 
however,    an    ardent 
Republican    in    poli- 
tics, he  was  naturally 

forced  to  serve  the  town  as  chairman  of  the  Republican 
Town  Committee,  and  he  was  for  two  years  a  member 
of  the  State  Central  Committee.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Legislature  in  1881  and  1882  and  was  a  member  of 
the  House  Judiciary  Committee.  He  was  also  a  chair- 
man of  the  Committee  on  Taxation,  and  he  framed  the 
bill  which  exempts  from  double  taxation  mortgages  on 
real  estate.  This  measure  was  of  vast  importance  to 
property  holders.     During  the  following   ten  years  he 


B.    MARVIN    FERNALD 


held  no  political  ofifice,  but  when  it  again  became  the 
right  of  the  town  to  name  a  candidate  for  State  senator, 
the  Republicans  of  Melrose  were  of  one  mind  and  heart 
in  selecting  Mr.  Fernald,  and  he  received  the  unani- 
mous nomination  at  the  Senatorial  Convention.  He 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority.  He  served  in  the 
Senate  in  1891  and  1892,  and  was  chairman  of  the 
Judiciary  Committee,  one  of  the  most  important  com- 
mittees of  the  Legislature.     He  was  also  made  chairman 

of  the  Committee  on 
Constitutional 
Amendments,      the 
Committee  on  Public 
Reservations     a  n  d 
the    Committee     on 
Insolvency.      He    is 
now  chairman  of  the 
committee  appointed 
to  revise  the  judicial 
system  of  the    Com- 
monwealth,   which 
committee  is  to  make 
its    report   to    the 
next  legislature.    Mr. 
Fernald  is  connected 
with     many    of     the 
social     organizations 
of    Melrose,  being  a 
member  of  the  Hugh 
d  e    P  ay  e  ns    Com- 
niandery.    Knights 
Templar,        the 
Waverly  Royal  Arch 
Chapter,    the    Wyo- 
ming Lodge  and  the 
Melrose    Council. 
He  is  also  a  member 
of  the   Melrose  Ath- 
letic   Club   and    the 
Highlands  Club,  two 
very  popular  organizations  of  the  town.     He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Congregational  church.     (^)uiet  and  retiring 
in   his   disposition,   he  cares  little   for    notoriety,    and 
the  public  offices  he  has  held  were  not  of  his  own  seek- 
ing.    His  ability  and  i)rudence  as  a  legislator  have  won 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens,  and  his  services  will 
probably  be  sought  for  in  the   future   in   some  honored 
capacity,  for  the  mass  of  work  which  he  has  done  for 
his  district  is  the  kind  which  practical  men  appreciate. 


MELROSE. 


599 


LEVI  SWANTON  GOUl.D,  son  of  Dr.  Levi  Gould 
and  Elizabeth  Webb  (Whitmore)  Gould,  was  born 
at  Dixmont,  Me.,  March  27,  1834.  His  ancestors  were 
John  Gould,  an  inhabitant  of  Charlestown  in  1635, 
probably  the  first  settler  of  Stoneham,  Mass.,  and  Fran- 
ces Whitmore,  ancestor  of  the  Whitmore  and  Wetmore 
families,  who  was  one  of  the  earliest  selectmen  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  who  died  there  in  1685.  When  he  was  six 
months  old  the  parents  of  l.evi  S.  Gould  moved  to 
Stoneham,  Mass.,  the 
native  place  of  his 
father,  and  in  1843 
the  family  settled  at 
North  Maiden,  now 
Melrose,  where  it 
has  since  resided. 
He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of 
North  Maiden,  and 
at  Waitt's  and  In- 
galls'  academies  in 
Melrose.  Early  in 
life  Mr.  Gould 
learned  the  shoe- 
making  trade,  and 
worked  at  the  bench 
in  North  Maiden, 
where,  according  to 
the  custom  of  the 
time,  he  would  make 
up  a  lot  of  shoes, 
pack  them  in  a  bag 
purchased  for  the 
purpose,  carry  them 
on  his  back  to  Stone- 
ham, two  miles  away, 
receive  his  pay  and 
a  new  lot  of  stock, 
and  return  for  an- 
other season  of  work. 

In  1850  he  obtained  a  position  in  a  wholesale  house  in 
Boston,  and  in  1857  was  a  clerk  with  Alexander  Leitch, 
a  prominent  druggist  in  St.  Louis.  When  Lincoln  was 
elected  President  Mr.  Gould  received  an  appointment 
in  the  office  of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury  at  Wash- 
ington, and  was  later  in  the  navy  agent's  office  in  Bos- 
ton. In  1866  he  became  connected  with  F.  M.  Holmes 
&  Co.,  furniture  manufacturers  of  Boston,  and  in  1878 
became  junior  partner.     He  retired  in  1889,  since  which 


LEVI    S.    GOULD 


time  he  has  not  been  in  active  business.  During  the 
sessions  of  1868  and  1869,  Mr.  Gould  was  representative 
in  the  General  Court,  the  district  including  Melrose, 
Wakefield  and  Stoneham.  He  was  first  elected  select- 
man of  Melrose  in  1869,  and  he  has  been  chairman  of 
the  board  since  1884.  Seventy  times  he  has  been 
elected  moderator  of  town  meetings,  which,  together 
with  the  adjournments,  make  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
one    meetings   over   which   he  has   presided.     He  has 

been  four  times  wor- 
shipful master  of 
W  y  o  m  i  n  g  Lodge, 
F.  and  A.  M.,  of 
Melrose,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the 
Chapter  Command- 
ery  of  Hugh  de  Pay- 
ens  and  Consistory, 
thirty-second  degree. 
Mr.  Gould  was  presi- 
dent of  the  New 
England  Furniture 
Exchange  in  1883 
and  1884,  and  of  the 
Furniture  Club  of 
Boston  in  1886,  and 
was  for  six  years  a 
member  of  the  Bos- 
ton Executive  Busi- 
ness Men's  Associ- 
ation as  a  delegate 
from  the  New  Eng- 
land Furniture  Club. 
He  is  also  a  director 
of  the  Melrose  Na- 
tional Bank.  Mr. 
Gould  has  resided  in 
Melrose  for  the  past 
forty  years,  where  he 
has  always  been 
known  as  an  earnest  Republican  politician.  On  his  six- 
tieth election  as  moderator,  in  November,  1890,  his 
fellow-citizens,  in  town  meeting  assembled,  unanimously 
passed  a  highly  complimentary  set  of  resolutions,  and 
presented  him  with  a  silver  pitcher  and  a  beautiful 
gold  badge,  to  be  worn  on  all  public  occasions.  Mr. 
Gould  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the 
.\merican  Revolution,  his  great-grandfather  having  been 
a  minute-man  at  Lexington. 


6oo 


MASSAC/IUSETrS    OF    TO-DAY. 


DANIEL  RUSSELL,  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  W. 
Russell,  was  born  in  Providence,  R.  L,  July  i6, 
1S24.  Educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Providence, 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  life  on  his  own  behalf 
as  a  mechanic.  For  three  years  he  served  a  very  ardu- 
ous apprenticeship  at  one  branch  of  the  carriage  manu- 
facturing business  in  his  native  city,  and  after  graduating 
from  this  practical  kind  of  school  he  labored  in  the 
same  place  and  at  Middleborough,  Mass.,  as  a  journey- 
man for  the  term  of 
four  years.  At  the 
end  of  this  time 
(1847),  accompa- 
nied by  a  fellow  work- 
man, he  moved  to 
Boston  and  began  the 
business  of  selling 
small  wares  by  sam- 
ple. Two  years  later 
he  determined  to  go 
to  California,  but  the 
Hon.  Nathan  Porter 
offered  him  employ- 
ment in  Providence 
which  was  a  certainty 
and  also  attractive. 
Therefore  he  re- 
lumed there  and  re- 
mained for  two  years. 
Once  more  moving 
to  Boston,  in  1S52, 
he  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  Edward  1  ,ocke 
&  Co.,  clothiers,  and 
three  years  later  he 
became  connected 
with  the  wholesale 
clothing  house  of 
Isaac  Fenno  &  Co. 
He  was  made  a  mem- 
ber of  this  firm  in  1S61,  and  in  1869  he  retired  from 
business,  having  secured  a  comfortable  competency. 
Mr.  Russell  became  a  resident  of  Melrose  in  1S52,  and 
has  ever  since  been  closely  identified  with  the  material 
and  moral  growth  of  the  town.  He  has  served  three 
years  on  the  Board  of  Selectmen,  and  is  at  present  one 
of  the  commissioners  of  the  water-loan  sinking  fund. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  Melrose  Savings  Rank.  \n 
1S78  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  the  Sixth 


DANIEL   RUSSELL 


Middlesex  Senatorial  District,  and  did  valuable  service 
in  that  body  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Insur- 
ance and  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Agriculture. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Senate  in  1879,  and  in  the 
year  following  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Maiden 
and  Melrose  (las  Light  Company  and  of  the  Putnam 
Woollen  Company.  On  Oct.  21,  1850,  Mr.  Russell  was 
married  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Lynde, 

of  Melrose,  and  they 
have  two  children,  — 
William   Clifton   and 
Daniel  Blake  Russell. 
Mr.   Russell   has   for 
many  years  been  or- 
ganist of  the    Hugh 
de  Pay  ens  Command- 
ery,    Knights    Tem- 
plar.     His  home   at 
\Vyoming    is  one  of 
the  most  comfortable 
])laces  in   the   town. 
He     is     exceedingly 
fond  of  entertaining 
agreeable  people, 
and    freijuently    has 
numbers  of  his  towns- 
]ieople  and  others  at 
his  home.     He  takes 
great  tlelight  in  mu- 
sic, and    has    in    his 
spacious      parlor     a 
large  organ  and  piano 
run     by     electricity, 
and  he  always  has  on 
hand    all    the    latest 
and    best   music. 
.Another  way  he  has 
of    entertaining    his 
visitors  is  by  the  use 
of  one  of  Edison's  big  phonographs,  which  reproduces 
comic  songs  and  stump  speeches  and  makes  an  hour 
pass  very   pleasantly.     Mr.  Russell  does  not   think  of 
entering  public  life  again,  although  he  is  still  enjoying 
good    health,   but    he    is   consulted    frequently  by   his 
fellow-citizens  in  connection  with  the  various  material 
interests  of  the  town  of  Melrose,  with  which  his  politi- 
cal and  social  life  has  for  about  forty  years  been  closely 
identified. 


^MdSMic 


TWV.  charming  town  of  Wakefield  is  situated  about  ten  miles  from  the  city  of  Boston  on  the  line  of  the  Boston 
(S:  Maine  Railroad,  and  it  is  beyond  the  shadow  of  a  doubt  one  of  the  most  picturesque  towns  in  the  State. 
It  lies  as  if  at  rest  in  the  heart  of  a  vast  amphitheatre,  for  it  is  nearly  surrounded  by  hills  and  has  two  beautiful 
lakes,  whose  clear,  bright  faces  attract  the  summer  wanderer.  It  was  settled  in  1639  and  when  incorporated  in 
1644  included  what  was  called  a  "four  miles'  grant,"  embracing  the  present  town  of  Wakefield,  with  Reading  and 
North  Reading.  The  early  settlers  received  grants  of  land  from  the  town  of  Lynn,  and  tradition  has  it  that  a 
meeting-house  was  erected  here  before  1657,  near  where  the  post-office  now  stands.  In  1645  the  first  Congrega- 
tional church  of  the  colony  was  built  here,  and  Henry  (Ireen,  of  U'atertown,  became  its  first  pastor.  In  those 
days,  by  order  of  the  court  military,  guards  were  recruited  for  every  town  to  protect  the  inhabitants  against  the 
Indians.  In  1655  there  were  twenty  persons,  fourteen  men  and  six  women,  held  in  the  bonds  of  slavery  within 
the  town's  limits.  The  town's  minister  in  those  days  had  no  money,  but  received  his  salary  in  butter,  wheat,  rye 
and  barley.  In  1663  there  were  two  mills  here,  a  saw-mill  and  a  corn  mill,  and  in  1666  the  present  First  Parish 
Burial-ground  was  located.  .\i  that  time  the  depredations  of  wolves  became  so  great  that  twenty  shillings  apiece 
was  offered  as  a  bounty  for  their  heads.  Blackbirds  must  have  been  so  numerous  just  then  as  to  be  a  plague, 
since  the  town  offered  twopence  apiece  for  their  heads  in  order  to  save  the  crops.  Other  interesting  things 
occurred  in  anticpie  Wakefield.  Women  were  gagged  or  set  in  a  ducking  stool,  if  they  were  caught  railing  or 
scolding,  and  young  men  were  fined  five  poimds  for  winning  the  affections  of  a  young  woman  without  the  consent 
of  her  parents  or  guardians.  This  fine  was  doubled  for  a  second  offence.  There  are  also  cases  on  record  where 
men  were  fined  for  not  attending  church. 

Among  the  early  settlers  whose  descendants  reside  there  at  the  present  time  are  the  l-latons.  Flints,  Wileys, 
C'owdreys,  Hartshornes,  Kmersons,  Greens,  Nichols,  Parkers  and  Woodwards.  The  First  Parish  Society  was 
organized  in  1768,  the  Baptist  Society  in  1797.  In  1834  was  erected  the  old  Town  House,  which  was  used  by 
the  town  up  to  1868,  when  the  present  handsome  Town  Hall  was  presented  to  the  town  by  the  late  Cyrus  \\'akefield. 

When  the  town  was  incorporated  in  1812,  it  was  known  as  South  Reading  and  its  valuation  was  Sioo,ooo. 
The  first  stage  coach  ran  between  here  and  Boston  in  1817,  and  in  1845  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  was  built 
between  Boston  and  Wilmington. 

^^■hen  Mr.  Wakefield  made  his  magnificent  gift  to  the  town,  the  name  was  changed  in  his  honor  from  South 
Reading  to  ^Vakefield.  Mr.  Wakefield's  enterprise  did  much  to  build  up  the  town.  He  started  the  rattan 
manufacturing  business  on  a  small  scale  in  1S55  and  at  the  time  he  died,  in  1872,  he  carried  on  the  most  extensive 
rattan  business  in  the  country,  employing  some  twenty-five  hundred  persons.  Besides  the  rattan  business  there 
are  several  shoe  shops  and  a  large  sto\  e  and  furnace  foundry,  and  there  are  various  other  enterprises  which  furnish 
employment  to  many  people.  The  town  has  excellent  schools  and  churches,  electric  railroads,  water  works,  and  a 
postal  service,  and  is  one  of  the  healthiest  towns  in  New  England.  The  valuation  of  the  town  is  ^4,723,785  and 
the  population  7,500. 

Wakefield  will  soon  have  a  practical  system  of  sewerage,  and  electric  railways  connecting  it  with  Lynn, 
Saugus,  Melrose  and  Maiden.  In  addition  to  the  steam-car  lines  connecting  with  Boston,  Lowell,  Lawrence, 
Portland,  Newburyport,  Salem  and  other  places,  there  is  an  electric  line  between  Wakefield,  Stoneham  and 
Woburn,  and  an  electric  road  will  soon  girdle  Lake  Quannapowitt.  This  will  make  one  of  the  most  beautiful  rides 
in  the  summer  season  that  can  be  had  anywhere  in  New  England.  The  Miller  Piano  Works  are  also  located  here, 
and  the  company  occupies  a  magnificent  brick  block.  There  are  several  fine  estates,  and  the  convenience  of 
travel  to  and  from  Boston,  where  many  of  the  town's  citizens  are  engaged  in  business,  makes  it  a  most  desirable 
place  of  residence.  The  town  has  two  live  local  papers,  a  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows  Society  and  many  organiza- 
tions for  social  and  friendly  intercourse.  There  are  also  a  national  bank  and  a  savings  bank  and  a  Board  of  Trade. 
The  town  has  recently  voted  to   establish  an  electric  plant  for  lighting  purposes. 


6o2 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


CVRUS  (;.  BEP^BP:  was  born  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
Jan.  1 6,  1850,  being  the  third  son  of  the  late 
Lucius  Beebe.  He  received  his  early  education  in 
Ellington,  Conn.,  at  a  private  boarding-school,  and 
afterwards  took  a  collegiate  course  at  the  Andover 
Seminary.  Here  he  was  fitted  for  college  at  seventeen, 
but  instead  of  further  pursuing  his  studies,  he  entered 
the  office  of  his  father,  who  was  one  of  the  most  exten- 
sive cotton  dealers  in  New  PLngland.  Four  years  after- 
wards, attaining  his 
majority,  he  became 
a  partner  with  h  i  s 
father  in  the  cotton 
business.  His  father 
retiring  from  the  cot- 
ton business  after  a 
few  years,  he  carried 
it  on  alone,  and  by 
his  ability  and  enter- 
prise succeeded  in 
enlarging  it.  His 
brother,  Frederic, 
was  admitted  as  a 
partner  several  years 
later,  and  the  part- 
nership continues  up 
to  the  present  time, 
the  Boston  office 
being  at  89  Stale 
Street.  This  firm  of 
the  Beebe  Brothers 
now  carry  on  a  very 
extensive  business. 
They  import  large 
(juantities  of  cotton 
from  the  South,  and 
they  are  large  im- 
porters of  Egyptian 
cottons,  and  they 
sell  their  cottons  di- 
rect to  the  mills.  Mr.  Beebe  has  made  his  home  in 
Wakefield  for  many  years  in  the  Beebe  mansion,  located 
near  the  head  of  Lake  Quannapowitt.  His  father,  the 
late  Lucius  Beebe,  was  one  of  the  roost  respected  citi- 
zens of  the  town,  the  founder  of  its  free  public  library, 
which  is  now  named  in  his  honor.  The  Beebe  family, 
in  fact,  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  most  honored 
in  Middlesex  County.  The  late  Lucius  Beebe  was  a 
candidate  for  Congress  shortly  before  he   died,  and   he 


CYRUS    G.    BEEBE 


polled  a  very  large  vote  in  a  strongly  Republican  dis- 
trict. He  had  been  representative  to  the  General  Court 
from  ^^'akef^eld,  and  he  held  various  offices  in  the  gift 
of  the  town.  Cyrus  (;.  inherited  the  business  tact  and 
stability  of  his  father,  and  is  highly  esteemed  bv  his  fel- 
low-citizens and  business  friends  and  acquaintances. 
He  has  never  sought  public  office,  preferring  to  give  his 
undivided  time  to  his  commercial  duties,  although  there 
is  little  doubt  but  that  he  could  have  any  political  office 

in   the  gift   of    the 
town,  did  he  care  to 
go    into  politics. 
Since    1884    he    has 
been    president    of 
the    South  Reading 
National  Bank,  pres- 
ident  of   the   Wake- 
field Real  Instate  and 
Building  Association, 
a  member  of  the 
Wakefield    Board   of 
Trade,  and  a  director 
in  the  Massachusetts 
Loan  &  Trust  Com- 
pany.      He    takes  a 
deep  interest  in  the 
improvement      and 
progress  of  his  town, 
and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  her  foremost 
citizens.     On  June 
15  of  the  present 
year   ( 1892  )    he  was 
married   to    Jessie 
Ingles  Hogg,  daugh- 
ter of  John  Hogg,  of 
50  Commonwealth 
-Avenue,  Boston,  Mr. 
Hogg  being  well 
known  as  one  of  the 
firm  of  Smith,  Hogg  &  Gardner.     Mr.  Beebe  has  three 
brothers  in  the  leather  business  at  69  High  Street,  Bos- 
ton, Marcus,  Decius  and  Junius.     They  have  extended 
greatly  their  business  since  the  time  it  was  founded  by 
their  father.     There  were  seven  sons  and   two  daugh- 
ters in  this  ty])ical   Massachusetts  family,  all   of  whom 
are    still    li\ing,  with   the  exception  of  one   son.     Mr. 
Beebe  is  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  suc- 
cessful business  men  of  Massachusetts. 


WAKEFIELD. 


603 


SAMUEL  KING  HAMILTON,  the  youngest  son  of 
Benjamin  B.  and  Sarah  Hamilton,  was  born  July 
27,  1837,  in  Waterboro,  York  County,  Me.     Descended 
from  a  sturdy,  strong-headed  Scottish  ancestry,  his  boy- 
hood and  youth  were  spent  on  the  home  farm.     The 
rudimentary  education  afforded  by  a  district  school  was 
supplemented  by  a  single  term  at  Limerick  Academy, 
six   months   under   the    instruction  of  Hon.  M.  D.  L. 
Lane  at  Hollis  and  a  year  in  the  Saco  High  School.     In 
August,     1856,     Mr. 
Hamilton  entered 
the  Chandler  Scien- 
tific   Department  of 
Dartmouth     College 
and  graduated  in  the 
class    of     '59.      He 
spent  the  ne.xt  three 
years  in  the  law  office 
of    the    Hon.   Ira  T. 
Drew,  at  .Alfred,  Me., 
in  teaching  in  Wake- 
field    (then    South 
Reading),  Mass.,  and 
as  princijialof  Alfred 
Academy.    Admitted 
to  the   bar   of   York 
County    in   1862,  he 
was  immediately  re- 
ceived into  partner- 
ship with   Mr.  Drew 
imder  the  firm  name 
of  Drew&  Hamilton. 
This      copartnershi|] 
continued  until  1867 
and   a  ff  o  rd  e  d    Mr. 
Hamilton  a  wide  ex- 
perience in  both  civil 
and     criminal    prac- 
tice.     In     1867    he 
removed    to    Bidde- 

ford  and  there  continued  in  practice  until  1872.  While 
there  he  served  two  years  on  the  Board  of  .Mdermen  and 
in  1872  represented  that  city  in  the  Legislature  of 
Maine,  establishing  a  reputation  as  a  ready  and  able 
debater  and  a  sound  legislator.  In  December  of  that 
year  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  C.  W.  Eaton, 
of  Wakefield,  with  him  established  law  offices  in  that 
town,  and  Boston  and  removed  his  residence  to  Wake- 
field.     This   business   connection  continued   to    1878, 


SAMUEL    K.    HAMILTON 


when  it  was  dissolved,  Mr.  Hamilton  retaining  the 
Boston  ofifice  and  Mr.  Eaton  the  Wakefield.  Since 
his  residence  in  Wakefield  Mr.  Hamilton  has  been 
engaged  in  nearly  every  important  case  in  the  town,  and 
has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  public  affairs,  especially 
those  of  an  educational  nature.  .\s  chairman  of  the 
School  Committee  for  nine  years  he  effected  a  complete 
re-organization  of  the  school  system,  and  in  18S3,  when 
the  town   was  about  erecting  a  new  and  commodious 

brick     school-house, 
the    town    in    open 
town   meeting  voted 
that  it  be  named  the 
"Hamilton  School 
Building  "  in  recog- 
nition of  his  services. 
He    has   also  served 
for    three    years    as 
c  h  a  i  r  m  a  n    of  the 
Board  of  Selectmen, 
and    many   years   as 
c  h  a  i  rm  an    of    the 
trustees  of  the  Beebe 
Town    Library.       In 
1880   Mr.  Hamilton 
was  a  delegate  to  the 
convention    which 
nominated     General 
Hancock    for    presi- 
dent, and  took  a  con- 
spicuous part  in  har- 
monizing   the     con- 
testing delegation  for 
Massachusetts.       I  n 
1883  he  was  a  candi- 
date   for  district  at- 
torney of  Middlesex 
County  and   made  a 
handsome      canvass, 
but  was  defeated,  the 
district  being  very  largely  Republican.     In  1892  he  was 
candidate    for  presidentail    elector   from    the    Seventh 
Congressional   District.     He  has  been   frequendy  soli- 
cited to   become    a   candidate   for   Congress,  but    has 
uniformly  declined.     He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Pine  Tree  State  Club  in  Boston,  and  since  its  organiza- 
tion has  been  its  treasurer.     Mr.  Hamilton  was  married 
Feb.  13,  1867,  to  .\nnie  E.,  daughter  of  Joseph  B.  and 
Harriet  N.  Davis.     They  have  no  children. 


^ 


■,)^,^J!^4S., 


THE  beautiful  and  thriving  town  of  Hudson,  in  the  rich  county  of  Middlesex,  has  a  population  of  over  five 
thousand  inhabitants.  It  was  set  apart  from  Marlborough,  March  19,  1866.  Prior  to  its  starting  as  a  town- 
ship it  was  the  village  of  Feltonville.  Hudson  of  to-day  may  well  be  termed  a  typical  Massachusetts  town  in  the 
matter  of  manufacturing.  The  chief  industry  of  Hudson  is  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  in  which  line  of 
product  the  town  occupies  a  distinctive  position.  Between  the  years  of  the  town's  birth  and  1886  the  population 
doubled  :  from  the  latter  year  to  the  present  time  its  general  increase  has  been  gradual,  but  of  a  thoroughly  sub- 
stantial and  satisfactory  kind.  The  pride  of  the  people  centres  very  largely  and  very  justly  in  their  town  hall,  a 
large,  handsome,  imposing  brick  structure,  such  as  few  towns  in  the  Commonwealth  have  the  credit  of  possessing. 
It  is  situated  in  the  heart  of  the  ])lace,  and  is  made  particularly  attractive  by  the  extensive  lawn  which  separates  it 
from  the  main  thoroughfare.  To  complete  the  fine  setting  of  this  architectural  gem,  sinuous  concrete  driveways 
and  concrete  paths  add  to  the  general  appearance  of  neatness,  all  indicative  of  the  town's  thrift  and  progressive- 
ness.  In  the  building  is  the  public  library  of  five  thousand  volumes.  The  intellectual  appetite  and  strength  of 
the  community  are  made  apparent  when  one  ponders  the  fact  that  o\er  twenty-fi\e  thousand  books  are  taken  out 
annually.  Territorially,  Hudson  is  very  much  smaller  than  the  average  town,  and  thus  its  striking  compactness  is 
explained.  Since  there  are  no  lengthy  outside  highways  to  be  kejjt  in  repair,  the  appropriations  for  highways  are 
expended  in  such  a  manner  that  the  effects  are  observable  almost  at  a  glance,  and  a  very  casual  glance,  too.  The 
streets  are  wide,  and  kept  in  excellent  condition,  and  many  of  them  are  finely  shaded  when  the  foliage  of  spring 
and  summer  clothes  the  trees.  Particular  attention  is  paid  by  the  town  to  its  sidewalks,  for  which  a  stated  sum  is 
annually  appropriated,  the  result  being  miles  of  concrete  walks  that  serve  to  emphasize  the  frequent  assertion  that 
Hudson  is  one  of  the  model  towns  of  the  State. 

Particularly  fortunate  is  it  in  the  point  of  railroad  facilities.  It  has  two  railroads  running  through  it — a 
branch  of  the  Fitchburg  road,  and  the  Central  Massachusetts.  'I'he  latter  gives  a  direct  line  of  communication 
between  Boston  and  the  West,  also  affording  easy  connections  with  other  roads,  and  thus  furnishing  unusual 
opportunities  for  its  business  and  manufacturing  contingent.  Through  the  town  runs  the  Assabet  River,  which 
heightens  the  scenic  beauty  of  the  place,  beside  affording  water  power  to  several  manufacturing  establishments. 

Very  easy  of  access  are  the  schools  of  the  town,  all  of  which  are  within  a  radius  of  half  a  mile.  Gradually 
the  new  school-houses  have  supplanted  the  old,  and  to-day  Hudson  has  as  fine  school  buildings  as  any  town  of  its 
class  in  the  State.  The  standard  has  been  growing  higher  and  higher,  until  the  average  rate  is  passed,  and  still  the 
standard  desired  is  not  reached.  The  average  cost  of  Hudson's  latest  school  buildings  is  about  ;S24,ooo  each. 
The  inhabitants  likewise  pride  themselves  upon  their  system  of  water  works,  which  cost  the  people  the  sum  of 
Si  20,000.  Unless  the  town  should  happen  to  grow  to  a  size  not  today  dreamed  of  by  the  most  sanguine  of  its 
admirers,  its  water  supply  is  inexhaustible,  and  the  quality  of  its  water  is  of  the  best.  What  seems  to  be  a  special 
satisfaction  of  the  people  is  its  fire  department,  which  is  unusually  well  organized,  thoroughly  equipped  with  need- 
ful appliances.  Its  efificiency  is  generally  recognized.  Hudson's  general  air  of  enterprise  and  ambitious  desire  is 
unquestionably  given  to  it  by  the  handsome  business  blocks  that  mark  its  mercantile  centre. 

\  particularly  striking  feature  of  the  town  is  the  neat  and  tidy  surroundings  that  characterize  the  homes  of 
her  denizens,  and  in  this  respect  neighbor  seems  to  vie  with  neighbor  for  the  most  pleasing  results.  What  is  likely 
to  impress  a  visitor  very  strongly  is  the  large  number  of  cottages  to  be  seen  on  every  side,  each  having  the  appear- 
ance and  indication  of  being  the  home  of  a  well-to-do  and  ambitious  artisan ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  scattered 
about  are  many  residences  of  striking  architectural  beauty.  The  religious  part  of  the  community  seeks  its  ecclesi- 
astical instruction  either  with  the  Baptist,  Congregational,  Methodist  or  Unitarian  societies,  or  with  St.  Michael's 
Roman  Catholic  parish.  The  industries  of_the  town  comprise  shoe,  rubber  and  box  manufactories,  and  machine 
shops. 


HUDSON. 


605 


VERY  rarely  can  a  better  illustration  of  the    "  self- 
made  man  of  our  times"   be  found  than  is  fur- 
nished   by    the   life   of    Lewis    D.    Apsley,  who    came 
to  Hudson  seven  years  ago  without  pecuniary  resources, 
having   as   capital   only   a  keen    business    sagacity,   a 
restless   energy    of    body   and    a  diligent    and    deter- 
mined character.     Yet  in  this  brief  period  Mr.  Apsley 
has    made    a    comfortable    fortune,     is    at    the    head 
of  the  largest  works  of  their  kind  in  the  country  and  is 
a      congressman 
elect.    Lewis  D.  A]5s- 
ley    was     born     in 
Northumberland,  Pa., 
on  the  29th  of  Sep- 
tember,  1852,   and 
he    resided    there 
until   he    was   nine 
years   of  age,    when 
he    went    to     Lock- 
haven,    Pa.      At   the 
age  of  sixteen    years 
he  joined  the  large, 
good-humored    cara- 
v  an     of      travelling 
salesmen,the  advance 
guard    or  inspiring 
drummers     of    the 
peaceful     a  r  m  y    o  f 
commerce.      W  hen 
only  twenty-six    Mr. 
.Apsley  had    become 
superintendent    of 
the  rubber  goods  de- 
p  a  r  t  m  e  n  t    in  the 
famous  store  of  John 
Wanamaker  in  Phila- 
delphia.    Later  he 
associated  himself 
with    the    Gossamer 
Rubber     Clothing 

Company  of  Boston,  representing  that  house  on  the 
road,  and,  parenthetically,  it  might  be  noted  that  as  a 
salesman  he  earned  and  held  the  reputation  of  being 
unusually  successful.  After  remaining  with  that  com- 
pany six  years,  in  18S5  he  came  to  Hudson,  took  an 
abandoned  gossamer  plant  and  began  the  manufacture 
of  rubber  gossamer  goods  under  the  name  of  the  Good- 
year Gossamer  Company,  starting  with  limited  facilities 
and  employing  but  few  assistants.     Three  times  in  five 


LEWIS    D.    APSLEY 


years  he  enlarged  his  plant,  and  at  the  end  of  the  third 
year  of  his  business  career  in  Hudson  he  was  doing  the 
largest  business  in  the  manufacture  of  gossamer  gar- 
ments of  any  concern  in  the  country.  His  brilliant 
business  qualities  were  even  then  recognized  to  the 
extent  that  he  was  unanimously  chosen  president  of  the 
Gossamer  Manufacturers'  Association  of  the  United 
States.  A  little  later  his  plant  was  burned,  but  with  his 
characteristic  will  and  indomitable  enterprise  he  started 

at  once  to  build,  and 
build  large.     Sixteen 
acres   of    farm    land 
were  purchased    half 
a  mile  from  the  town 
centre,    three    acres 
of  which  are  utilized 
for  his  plant.     Here 
the  style  of  garments 
he      made      was 
changed.       Mackin- 
toshes became    t  h  e 
product  of  those  new 
brick  factories,  which 
are  a  model   of  their 
kind.       The   annual 
output  now  is  greater 
than  that  of  any  sim- 
ilar  plant     in    the 
country ;    and     the 
number  of  employees 
is    three    hundred. 
Mr.  Apsley  erected  a 
boarding-house    and 
tenements    for  his 
employees,  and  gave 
land  for  the  ..opening 
of  a   highway,  being 
desirous   that    all  in 
h  i  s    service    should 
fare  well.     Mr.  Aps- 
ley was    chief    promoter   of    the    establishment   of   the 
town's  Board  of  Trade,  of  which  he  is  president.     He  is 
also  a  director  in  the  Hudson  National  Bank  and  Hud- 
son Real  Estate  Company,  is  a  Knight  Templar,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Mystic  Shrine,  an  Odd  Fellow,  Granger  and 
member  of  the  L  O.  R.  M.     In  politics  he  is  a  Republican 
and  has  represented  his  party  on  every  committee  from 
representative   to  congressional.     Mr.  Apsley  was  this 
year  (1892)  elected  to  Congress. 


6o6 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


THE  career  of  William  H.  Brighani  furnishes  a  fruit- 
ful  theme   for  contemplation,  and   demonstrates 
what  application  to  business  principles  can  accomplish 
in   a   comparatively   brief    time.     Mr.   Brigham   comes 
from  a  stock  that  settled  early  in  this  region  of  Middle- 
sex County,  and  the  Brighams  for  generations  have  been 
noted  for  their  sturdiness  and  general  capacity.     Mr. 
Brigham  is  now  the  manager  of  the  boot  and  shoe  firm 
of  F.  Brigham  &  Co.,  a  business  which  was  established 
in    1834    by   Francis 
Brigham,  the  pioneer 
shoe  manufacturer  in 
what  is  now  Hudson. 
He  it  was  who  intro- 
duced the  first  sew- 
ing-machine and  the 
first  pegging  ma- 
chine, and  left  as  a 
legacy  to  his  heirs  a 
fortune,    a    lucrative 
business  and    a  fine 
reputation.  Upon  his 
death  there  was  or- 
ganized  the  firm 
above    mentioned, 
which  consists  of  two 
of   the    sons    of    the 
founder,    Rufus     H. 
and  ^Vilbur    F.,  and 
the  grandson,  William 
H.,    who    pulls    the 
working  and  effective 
"  oar  "   in  this  long- 
established  and  time- 
honored  house.    Mr. 
William  H.  Brigham 
was     born     Feb.     i, 
1863.     'i'here    was 
nothing     to     distin- 
guish his  early  career 

from  that  of  other  lads.  He  attended  the  public  schools 
in  his  bright  and  healthy  boyhood.  Later  he  graduated 
from  a  Boston  commercial  college,  and  afterward  had 
charge  of  the  books  in  the  factory  over  which  he  now 
practically  presides.  Mr.  Brigham  first  came  promi- 
nently to  the  public  attention  as  an  amateur  base-ball 
player,  being  connected  with  a  local  nine  which,  as  a 
strictly  amateur  team,  had  few,  if  any,  equals  in  the 
State,  and  a  brilliant  success  was  prophesied  for  him 


WILLIAM    H.    BRIGHAM 


on  the  professional  field ;  but  he  had  entered  into 
athletics  for  the  pleasure  and  exhilaration  to  be  derived 
therefrom,  not  with  any  view  of  training  for  professional 
honors.  As  a  lad  he  was  much  interested  in  the  local 
fire  department,  and  when  the  "  Buckets  "  were  organ- 
ized, one  of  the  first  of  the  younger  companies  of  his 
native  place,  he  was  promptly  chosen  foreman.  Mr. 
Brighani  was  also  much  interested  in  military  matters, 
and  was  one  of  the  jirime  movers  in  organizing  Com- 
pany M,  Fifth  Regi- 
ment, M.  V.  M.,  and 
was  chosen  its  first 
lieutenant.  He  re- 
mained in  the  mili- 
tia three  years,  and 
then  resigned  only 
because  of  increasing 
business  demands 
upon  his  time  and  at- 
tention. He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics, 
yet  not  at  all  a  seeker 
for  political  honors ; 
notwithstanding 
which  fact  he  was 
chosen  to  represent 
his  district  in  the  Mas- 
sachusetts House  of 
Representatives  i  n 
1 89 1  and  again  in 
1892.  This  is  his 
third  year  on  the 
Board  of  Selectmen, 
of  which  body  he  is 
chairman.  Last  year 
as  a  legislator  he  was 
on  the  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs  ;  was 
also  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Com- 
mittee to  aid  in  formally  opening  the  World's  Fair. 
Mr.  Brigham  is  a  director  in  both  the  Hudson  National 
and  Savings  banks  and  Hudson  Real  Estate  Company ; 
is  a  trustee  of  Doric  Lodge,  F.  and  A.  M.,  Knights  Tem- 
plar, Granger  and  member  of  the  American  Mechanics, 
besides  owning  an  extensive  stock  farm.  His  popularity 
in  politics  is  not  confined  to  his  own  party,  and  apart 
from  politics  he  has  a  large  circle  of  friends,  who  esti- 
mate his  social  qualities  at  their  true  worth. 


HUDSON. 


607 


A  SOLID  and  substantial  business  man  is  Henry 
Tower,  who,  while  not  a  native,  has  been  identi- 
fied with  Hudson's  growth  and  ])rosperity  since  i860,  at 
which  time  the  town  was  only  a  village.  Mr.  Tower 
was  born  in  Stowe,  Mass.,  and  at  fifteen  years  of  age 
began  to  learn  the  carpenter's  trade  under  the  instruc- 
tion of  his  father.  This  made  the  third  generation  of 
builders  in  the  Tower  family.  His  schooling  was  in  the 
"little  red  school-house,"  for  the  most  part,  finishing 
his  schooling,  how- 
ever, at  the  old  Stowe 
Academy.  For  some 
time  he  was  foreman 
of  a  large  force  of 
men,  but,  believing 
himself  competent  to 
branch  out  as  a 
leader  of  labor,  which 
is  a  very  different 
thing  from  a  labor 
leader,  Mr.  Tower 
became  an  employer. 
Casting  a  business 
eye  to  windward  he 
early  concluded  that 
the  village  was  des- 
tined to  develop 
soon,  and  largely 
acting  upon  this  be- 
lief he  purchased  a 
tract  of  land,  cut  it 
up  into  lots,  upon 
which  he  built  com- 
fortable houses  and 
placed  them  upon 
the  market.  His 
foresight  was  re- 
warded :  the  pleasant 
houses  he  had  built 
became       happy 

homes.  Thus  he  laid  the  foundation  of  his  financial 
prosperity.  .-Vfter  building  about  fifty  houses  he  closed 
his  building  career  by  erecting  the  first  business  block 
in  the  village.  Then  from  1867  to  1869  Mr.  Tower 
devoted  himself  to  lumber.  His  next  venture  was  in 
the  milk  business,  and  in  1874  the  firm  of  Newell  &: 
Tower  was  formed,  its  business  being  to  supply  with 
milk  the  Boston  market.  This  firm  ran  one  car  from 
the   New  Hampshire  line  to  the  State  capital.     Three 


HENRY   TOWER. 


years  after  the  firm  was  changed  to  Tower  cS:  Blodgett. 
The  latter  firm  later  consolidated  with  P.  S.  Whitcomb 
&  Co.,  and  the  new  firm  was  known  as  Tower,  Whit- 
comb &  Co.  At  that  time  three  cars  were  run,  and  the 
route  was  greatly  extended.  Two  years  ago  that  firm, 
consolidating  with  Garvestein  Brothers,  and  J.  H.  Whit- 
comb &  Co.,  merged  into  the  Boston  Dairy  Company, 
of  which  Henry  Tower  is  president  and  general  man- 
ager.    This  company  has  extended  the  line  of  service 

into  ^'ermont,  covers 
a  part  of  Southern 
New  Hampshire  and 
controls  the  milk 
business  over  the 
line  of  the  Fitchburg 
Railroad,  so  far  as 
the  Boston  supply  is 
concerned.  It  f u  r- 
nishes  Boston  with 
about  a  quarter  of 
its  daily  supply  of  the 
best  milk.  Adjunc- 
tive to  this,  the  com- 
pany  owns  and 
operates  extensive 
creameries,  and  man- 
ufactures butter  and 
cheese.  Mr.  Tower 
was  at  one  time  a 
partner  with  C. 
Brigham  &  Co.,  the 
milk  contractors. 
That  firm  became  a 
corporation,  in  which 
he  retains  consid- 
erable stock.  Mr. 
Tower  is  at  present 
on  Hudson's  Board 
of  Selectmen.  In 
that  capacity  he  has 
served  eight  years ;  he  has  also  been  five  years  an 
assessor,  also  road  commissioner.  For  fifteen  consec- 
utive years  he  has  served  as  treasurer  of  Trinity  Com- 
mandery,  Knights  Templar.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Hudson  National  Bank,  and  has  always 
been  a  director  of  that  institution.  He  is  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Hudson  Real  Estate  Company.  His  life 
has  been  one  of  constant  use  to  the  community,  and 
his  personality  may   be  described  as  well  rounded. 


THE  village  of  Dalton,  noted  the  world  over  for  its  manufactories  of  fine  paper  lies  half  hidden  n  the  valley 
traversed  by  the  east  branch  of  the  Housatonic  River.  Its  scenery  is  most  diversified.  A  range  of  com- 
pact hills  runs  across  the  northerly  end  of  the  narrow  township,  while  the  middle  section  spreads  into  a  broad  and 
beautiful  valley,  which  gathers  the  waters  of  the  stream  that  turns  its  busy  mills.  The  town  was  once  known  as 
"Ashuelot  Equivalent,"  being  granted  to  Oliver  Partridge  and  others  of  Hatfield  in  lieu  of  a  township  in  New 
Hampshire,  supposed  by  the  surveyors  to  lie  in  Massachusetts.  It  was  settled  in  1755,  and  was  detached  from 
Pittsfield  and  incorporated  March  20,  1784. 

Few  communities  of  scarcely  twenty-five  hundred  inhabitants  can  boast  of  such  varied  manufacturing  enter- 
prises or  show  as  valuable  a  total  product.  The  output  of  its  three  ])aper  mills  in  a  recent  year  was  considerably 
over  $700,000,  while  the  total  production  of  the  town  exceeded  $1,200,000.  The  total  valuation,  four  years  ago, 
reached  $1,880,470.  Woollens,  cottons,  shoes,  boxes  and  lumber  are  among  the  principal  manufactures,  which 
afford  employment  to  about  one  thousand  hands. 

The  basis  of  the  town's  prosperity  was  laid  in  1802,  when  Zenas  Crane,  Henry  Wiswall  and  John  Willard 
began  the  manufacture  of  paper.  It  is  interesting  to  read  at  this  late  day  the  notices  which  the  enterprising  trio 
sent  out  to  the  women  of  the  community,  requesting  them  to  save  their  rags  for  the  paper  mill.  The  circular 
stated  :  "  All  housewives  who  have  the  good  of  their  country  and  the  interest  of  their  own  family  at  heart,  will 
send  their  rags  to  this  factory  and  receive  highest  market  prices  therefor."  The  trade-mark  "  Old  Berkshire  " 
was  adopted,  and,  thanks  to  the  high  standard  maintained,  it  brought  abundant  success.  Within  seven  years  the 
partners  were  obliged  to  extend  their  facilities,  and  ever  since  the  growth  of  the  town  has  been  steady.  It  boasts 
to-day  seven  school-houses,  a  town  hall,  free  libraries,  containing  about  three  thousand  volumes,  and  Methodist, 
Congregational  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  of  handsome  architecture,  while  none  of  the  other  features  of  a 
thri\ing  community  are  lacking.  The  town,  which  was  named  for  Tristram  Dalton,  who  was  speaker  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  played  its  part  in  the  stirring  events  of  early  days,  and  even  now  the  path  of  Burgoyne's  cap- 
tive army  along  the  road  from  Pittsfield  to  Hinsdale  is  pointed  out. 

Dalton  has  no  one  thing  as  interesting  to  the  world  at  large  as  Crane's  "Government  Mill,"  where  the 
distinctive  paper  for  the  United  States  currency  and  bonds  is  made.  A  large  national  flag  floats  from  the  tall  staff 
in  front  of  the  factory  whenever  money  is  being  manufactured.  Factory  villages  are  not  commonly  looked  upon 
as  summer  resorts,  but  Dalton  is  in  this  respect  an  exception,  being  well  supplied  with  hotels  and  cottages,  particu- 
larly about  the  romantic  spots  known  as  Wahconah  Falls  and  Wizard's  ( lien.  \\'ahconah  Brook  flows  through 
meadows,  until,  hemmed  in  by  giant  rocks,  it  makes  a  leap  of  eighty  feet  into  a  quiet  pool  below.  The  stream 
was  named  for  the  daughter  of  Miahcomo,  chief  of  the  valley,  the  fate  of  whose  lover  the  falls  eventually  decided. 
Wizard's  Glen  is  an  echoing  rocky  pass,  thronged  by  summer  tourists,  who  can  always  find  some  new  legend  to 
relate  about  the  place.  The  Swiss  chalet  or  log  house,  built  by  Byron  Weston  on  Mt.  Weston,  is  another  of  the 
picturesque  points  in  the  town,  which  has  a  half  dozen  of  the  most  remarkable  artesian  wells  to  be  found  in  all 
the  country  round. 


D  ALTON. 


609 


BYRON  WESTON,  son  of  Isaiah  and  Caroline  Cur- 
tis Weston,  was  born  in  Dalton,  April  19,  1832. 
His  father  dying  when  he  was  four  years  old,  Byron 
went  to  live  with  an  uncle.  The  Mexican  War  breaking 
out  soon  after,  the  uncle  secured  a  government  contract 
for  the  manufacture  of  books  and  newspapers.  Thus  it 
was  that  young  Weston  drifted  into  the  paper  business 
upon  leaving  \\'illiston  Seminary,  Easthampton.  He 
was  first  employed  in  his  uncle's  mill  at  Saugerties, 
N.  Y.,  was  later  with 
Lindley  Crane  at 
Ballston,  N.  Y.,  and 
afterward  with  May 
Brothers  and  Plainer 
&  Smith  of  Lee,  the 
latter  firm  then  being 
the  largest  manufac- 
turers of  writing 
paper.  Mr.  W'eston 
was  superintendent 
of  their  seven  mills 
where  he  made  the 
first  wood  pulp  ever 
manufactured,  out  of 
which  experiment 
grew  the  American 
Wood  P  u  1  p  Pa])er 
Company  of  Penn- 
sylvania. In  1 85 6 
Mr.  Weston  formed 
a  partnership  with 
William  H.  Imlay, 
who  owned  three 
mills  in  Connecticut. 
Mr.  Imlay  d  led  a 
few  weeks  later,  and 
this  resulted  in  the 
business  being 
closed.  Mr.  Weston 
spent  the  year  1857 

in  Texas,  returning  to  Lee  to  associate  himself  with  the 
late  Elizur  Smith,  whose  partner,  George  W.  Plainer, 
had  died.  When  the  Civil  War  broke  out  Mr.  Weston 
raised  a  company  within  two  weeks,  insuring  for  Berk- 
shire the  Forty-ninth  Regiment,  which  elected  him 
captain.  Captain  Weston  was  later  offered  the  col- 
onelcy of  a  regiment,  but  preferred  to  remain  with  his 
acquaintances.  He  was  wounded  in  the  knee  by  the 
bursting  of  a   shell  at  Port  Hudson.     LTpon  returning 


BYRON    WESTON 


home  he  bought  the  Defiance  Paper  Mill  at  Dalton  just 
as  the  war  was  closing,  which  was  a  harvest  time  for 
paper  makers,  his  profits  within  twelve  months  being 
more  than  sufficient  to  pay  for  the  property.  The  mill 
has  been  constantly  enlarged  and  improved,  until  it  is 
one  of  the  most  complete  in  the  country.  For  many 
years  Mr.  Weston  has  made  a  specialty  of  ledger  and 
record  papers  which  "  defy  the  tooth  of  time  "  and 
have  attained  world-wide  reputation.  His  present  out- 
put of  these  goods 
is  four  tons  a  day, 
while  twenty-five 
years  ago  all  the 
paper  for  legal  docu- 
ments was  obtained 
from  England.  The 
concern  is  now  a 
corporate  enterprise. 
Mr.  Weston  has  a 
farm  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  acres  and  a 
fine  home  in  Dalton, 
besides  being  a  large 
owner  of  \illage 
property.  He  cast 
his  first  vote  with  the 
Republicans  and  has 
never  wa\ered  in 
their  support.  In 
1876  he  was  elected 
State  senator  from 
Berkshire,  and  in 
1879  lieutenant- 
governor,  being  twice 
re-elected.  Mr. 
^^'eston  is  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Third 
National  Bank  and 
trustee  of  the  Berk- 
shire Life  Insurance 
Company  and  the  Berkshire  Savings  Bank  of  Pittsfield. 
He  has  twice  been  president  of  the  American  Paper 
Manufacturers'  Association  and  has  received  the  degree 
of  master  of  arts  from  Williams  College,  the  athletic 
field  of  which  institution  was  given  by  him  and  bears 
his  name.  Mr.  Weston  was  married  to  Julia  C.  Mitchell, 
June  28,  1865,  and  they  have  had  seven  children, 
Franklin,  Ellen  Mitchell,  Louise  Bryant,  Julia  Caroline, 
Philip,  Dorothy  Deane  and  Donald  Mitchell. 


6io 


MASSACHUSETTS    OF    TO-DAY. 


ZENAS  CRAXE,  the  pioneer  paper  maker  of  West- 
ern   Massachusetts,  was   born   at   Canton,  Mass., 
May  9,  1777,  the    son  of   Stephen  and  Susannah  ( Bab- 
cock)  Crane.     His  home  was  on  the  bank  of  Punkapoag 
Brook  at  its  junction  with  Neponset  River,  near  which 
stood    the    old    Milton    paper    mill,   so    that,    naturally 
enough    he    early    became    attached    to    the     business. 
After  completing  his  education  in  the  public  schools  he 
w-ent  to  Newton,  where  he   acquired   the  rudiments  of 
the    business    in   his 
brother's  mill,  after- 
ward going  to  Wox- 
cester,    where    he 
rounded     o  u  t     h  i  s 
training   in   the    mill 
of  (leneral   IJurbank. 
Being    of    an    inde- 
pendent disposition, 
his  first  thought  was 
of  a  good  location  in 
which  to  set  up   for 
himself.      Accord- 
ingly,   in    1799,    Mr. 
Crane  set    out   from 
Worcester    in    quest 
of    a   desirable   site, 
travelling   on    horse- 
back.      He    pushed 
past  Springfield,  not 
pausing  until  he  had 
reached    the    spark- 
ling,  nishing   waters 
of    the    Housatonic. 
Near  the  site  of   the 
little  hostelry  in  which 
he    passed    his    first 
night    in     Berkshire 
are    now    clustered 
the   fi  n  e  residences 
of  his  sons,  Zenas  M. 

and  James  B.,  and  his  grandsons,  Zenas  and  Winthrop 
Murray  Crane,  as  well  as  the  mills,  the  seed  of  which 
he  planted,  now  sending  out  products  of  national  repu- 
tation. It  was  nearly  two  years  after  the  site  had  been 
selected  that  the  first  paper  mill  in  Massachusetts,  west 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  was  built,  ki  this  time,  1801, 
the  tin  peddler  was  an  unknown  quantity,  and  raw  ma- 
terials were  sought  within  a  limited  territory  around  the 
mill  by  an  appeal  to  women  through  the  public    press. 


ZENAS   CRANE 


Mr.  Crane  had  associated  with  him  at  first  Henry  Wis- 
well  and  Daniel  Gilbert,  the  latter  taking  the  place  of 
John  Willard.  The  fourteen  acres  and  the  mill  thereon 
were  sold  to  the  firm  for  one  hundred  and  ninety-four 
dollars.  The  building  was  a  one-vat  affair,  the  main 
part  two  stories  high,  the  upper  being  used  as  a  drying 
loft.  It  had  a  "day's  work"  of  twenty  "posts,"  a  post 
being  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  sheets  of  pa])er. 
Mr.  Crane  conducted  this  mill,  "  Old  Berkshire,"  until 

1807,  when  he  sold 
his  third  interest 
to  Wiswell,  and  for 
three  years  thereafter 
ran  a  mercantile 
business,  during 
which  period  he 
wedded  Miss  Lucinda 
I  Brewer,    of    A\'ilbra- 

ham.  In  18 10  Mr. 
Crane  bought  David 
Carson's  interest  in 
what  is  now  known 
as  the  "Old  Red 
Mill,"  which  was 
built  the  year  pre- 
\ious  and  was  run 
by  several  partners 
until  1822,  when  Mr. 
Crane  became  sole 
proprietor,  as  he  had 
been  superintend- 
ent and  chief  man- 
ager. In  1 83 1  he 
placed  a  cylinder 
paper-making  m  a  - 
chine  in  his  mills, 
and  in  1834  added 
cylinder  dryers,  also 
adopting  the  use  of 
chloride  of  lime  in 
bleaching.  Eight  years  later  he  transferred  his  business 
to  his  sons,  Zenas  Marshall  and  James  Brewer  Crane, 
who  were  already  his  partners.  They  died  in  January, 
1888,  and  August,  1891,  respectively.  Zenas  Crane 
first  belonged  to  the  Federal  and  later  to  the  Whig 
party.  He  served  several  terms  in  the  State  Legisla- 
ture beginning  in  1811,  and  was  a  member  of  Gov- 
ernor Edward  F^verett's  executive  council  in  1836  and 
1837.     He  died  June  29,  1845. 


DAL  TON. 


6ii 


When  Zenas  Crane  in  iSoi  courageously  planted  on 
the  banks  of  the  Housatonic  the  little  one-vat  mill 
which  has  long  been  known  as  the  "Old  Berkshire,"  he 
little  dreamed  what  the  splendid  outgrowth,  direct  and 
indirect,  of  his  enterprise  would  be.  To-day  there  are 
more  than  twenty-five  paper-making  establishments  in 
Berkshire  County  alone,  with  a  capital  of  over  $3,000,000 
and  an  annual  product  considerably  above  that  amount. 
The  chief  capital  of  the  Old  Berkshire  was  its  man- 
ager's brains,  for  the  annual  product  was  then  of 
variable  and  uncertain  value,  depending  largely  upon 
circumstances  beyond  control  of  the  manager.  It  is 
difficult  in  this  late  day  to  realize  the  difficulties  against 
which  the  elder  Crane  was  obliged  to  contend. 

There  were  perhaps  fifteen  paper  mills  of  insignifi- 
cant capacity  scattered  through  the  whole  country  just 
as  the  eighteenth  century  was  closing,  when  Mr.  Crane 
set  out  from  Worcester  to  establish  himself  in  business 
in  a  wilderness,  for  Berkshire  was  then  little  else,  and  the 
waterfalls  for  the  most  part  dashed  on  in  idle  play. 

Although  the  site  of  the  Old  Berkshire  Mill  was 
determined  upon  in  1799,  it  was  not  built  until  the 
spring  of  1801,  when  the  following  curious  adver- 
tisement appeared  in  the  Pittsfield  Sun :  "  Americans  ! 
Encourage  your  Manufactories,  and  They  will  Improve. 
Ladies,  Save  your  Rags  !  As  the  subscribers  have  it 
in  contemplation  to  erect  a  paper  mill  in  Dalton  the 
ensuing  spring,  and  the  business  being  \ery  beneficial 
to  the  community  at  large,  they  flatter  themselves  that 
they  shall  meet  with  due  encouragement.  And  that 
every  woman  who  has  the  good  of  her  country  and  the 
interest  of  her  own  family,  at  heart,  will  patronize  them 
by  saving  her  rags,  and  sending  them  to  their  Manu- 
factory, or  to  the  nearest  Storekeeper ;  for  which  the 
subscribers  will  give  a  generous  price.  Henry  Wiswell, 
Zenas  Crane,  John  Willard." 

The  deed,  conveying  "  fourteen  acres  and  one  hundred 
and  forty-nine  rods  of  land,  together  with  the  mill  and 
appendages  thereon  standing,"  was  gi\en  Dec.  25,  1801, 
in  consideration  of  Si 94.  The  mill  was  two  stories 
high  in  the  main  part,  the  upper  being  used  for  a  drying 
loft.  It  had  a  daily  capacity  of  twenty  "  posts,"  a  post 
being  one  hundred  and  twenty-frve  sheets  of  paper. 
The  skilled  workmen  eni]3loyed  were  :  an  engineer,  at 
$3.00  a  week;  a  vatman  and  a  coucher,  at  S3. 50  each, 
•without  board ;  one  additional  workman  and  two  girls, 
at  75  cents  a  week  each,  and  a  layboy,  at  60  cents,  all 
being  boarded.  A  few  years  later  when  Mr.  Crane 
served  as  superintendent  and  general  manager,  he  was 


allowed  S9.00  a  week.  Mr.  Crane,  in  1807,  sold  his 
interest  in  Old  Berkshire  to  Mr.  Wiswell,  and  in  1812 
David  Carson  bought  an  interest,  becoming  sole  pro- 
prietor four  years  later.  He  with  his  sons,  Thomas  G. 
and  William  W.,  conducted  the  property  with  success 
until  1867,  when  it  was  sold  to  a  company.  In  1872  it 
was  burned  and  rebuilt  on  a  larger  scale,  now  being  one 
of  the  most  complete  mills  in  the  country.  After  vari- 
ous mutations  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Carson  & 
Brown  Company,  the  stockholders  being  Chas.  O.  Brown, 
John  D.  Carson,  Zenas  Crane  and  \\'.  Murray  Crane.  Mr. 
Brown,  having  sold  his  interest,  the  name  was,  in  1889, 
changed  to  the  Old  Berkshire  Mill  Company,  composed 
of  John  D.  Carson,  Zenas  Crane  and  W.  Murray  Crane. 
The  capital  stock  is  §150,000. 

The  mill  is  equipped  with  electric  lights,  steam  heat, 
automatic  sprinklers,  steam  force  pumps,  etc.  There 
are  three  buildings  :  first,  the  rag  rooms  and  engine 
room,  three  stories,  forty  by  one  hundred  and  twenty 
feet ;  second,  the  machine  room,  with  drying  loft  above, 
two  stories,  thirty  by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet ; 
third,  the  two  finishing  rooms  and  drying  loft,  three 
stories,  forty  by  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet,  standing 
between  and  communicating  with  both  of  those  previ- 
ously mentioned,  thus  saving  time  and  labor,  the  rags 
passing  direct  to  the  pulp  engines,  from  there  to  the 
machines,  and  thence  to  the  drying  lofts  and  calenders. 
In  the  rear  of  the  finishing  department  is  the  one-story 
steam  boiler  and  engine  room,  twenty  by  one  hundred 
feet,  where  are  situated  three  boilers  and  three  engines 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty,  forty-five  and  twenty  horse- 
power. The  machinery  is  of  the  most  approved  pat- 
tern, suited  to  the  making  of  the  high-grade  papers  for 
which  the  mill  is  celebrated.  It  includes  four  five- 
hundred-and-fifty-pound  rag  engines,  and  two  of  eight 
hundred  pounds  capacity  each,  two  large  washer  engines, 
one  eighty-inch  Fourdrliiiei  paper  machine7 seven  calen- 
ders, two  hydraulic  presses,  one  fifty-six-inch  Sandborn 
paper  cutter,  etc.  A  force  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
men  and  women  is  required,  and  the  daily  output  aver- 
ages two  and  one-half  tons  of  linen  papers. 

The  bank-note  and  bond  paper  mills  of  Crane  &  Co. 
are  known  the  world  over.  They  are  two  in  number, — 
the  Pioneer  Mill  at  Dalton,  also  known  as  the  Stone 
Mill,  and  the  Government  Mill,  which  is  situated  just 
over  the  town  line,  in  the  city  of  Pittsfield.  At  the 
latter  all  the  paper  used  by  the  United  States  govern- 
ment for  currency,  securities,  etc.,  is  made,  also  that 
employed  in  Canada,  and  many  foreign  countries.     At 


6l2 


MASSACHUSETTS   OF   TO-DAY. 


the  Pioneer  Mill  the  output  is  bond  and  parchment 
paper,  such  as  is  used  by  bank-note  companies,  and  for 
financial  purposes.  This  business,  which  has  long  been 
conducted  as  a  specialty,  was  established  on  much  the 
same  general  lines  as  the  Old  Berkshire  Mill. 

Its  basis  was  the  "  Old  Red  Mill,"  in  which  Zenas  Crane 
bought  an  interest  in  iSio.  The  business  was  thereafter 
run  by  the  firm  of  Crane,  Wiswell,  Chamberlin  &  Cole, 
and  later  by  Crane,  Chamberlin  &  Cole,  until  1822, 
when  Mr.  Crane,  who  had  from  the  date  of  his  purchase 
been  superintendent  and  chief  manager,  became  sole 
proprietor.  It  would  be  interesting,  were  it  possible,  to 
note  at  length  the  obstacles  which  beset  the  pioneer 
manufacturer  from  this  time  until  1S42,  when  he  trans- 
ferred all  his  business  interests  to  his  two  sons.  All 
that  space  permits,  however,  is  the  mere  mention  of 
foreign  competition,  rather  encouraged  than  retarded  by 
the  fluctuating  tariff  and  the  absurd  preference  of  an 
uninformed  public  for  European  goods  over  American 
fabrics  of  equal  and  often  superior  merit. 

The  sons,  Zenas  M.  and  James  B.  Crane,  judiciously 
improved  the  "Old  Red  Mill"  until  the  property  was 
burned  in  1870.  The  loss  on  buildings,  machinery, 
stock,  etc.,  was  total.  Only  the  year  before  the  "  Old 
Stone  Mill,"  since  known  as  the  "Pioneer,"  was  burned, 
and  was  in  process  of  reconstruction  when  its  industrial 
companion  was  swept  away.  Accordingly,  the  "  Old 
Red  Mill "  was  not  rebuilt,  the  other  being  so  enlarged 
as  to  compensate  for  its  loss. 

In  1879  Crane  &  Co.  were  awarded  the  contract  they 
still  hold  for  supplying  the  United  States  government 
with  all  the  ])aper  required  for  national  bank-bills.  United 
States  bonds,  certificates  and  treasury  notes.  That  this 
contract  might  be  properly  filled,  they  bought  the  fine 
brick  mill  built  at  Coltsville  by  Thomas  Colt  in  1862. 

This  was  soon  popularly  known  as  the  "  Government 
Mill,"  the  stars  and  stripes  constantly  floating  before  it. 
Ten  United  States  officers  are  detailed  at  the  mill  day 
and  night,  there  being  a  superintendent,  captain  of  the 
watch,  three  watchmen,  the  register,  a  messenger  and 
two  counters.  It  is  only  necessary  to  say  that  the  con- 
duct of  the  establishment  has  won  the  unqualified  ap- 
proval of  the  Treasury  Department.  As  early  as  1846 
the  idea  occurred  to  Zenas  M.  Crane  that  the  introduc- 
tion of  silk  threads  into  the  fibre  of  currency  would 
largely  prevent  counterfeiting. 

The  opinions  of  conservative  bank  men,  however,  so 
discouraged  Mr.  Crane  that  he  did  not  apply  for  a 
patent.     But    twenty   years    later,    when    the    National 


government  found  it  necessary  to  establish  a  paper 
currency,  the  practical  men  at  the  head  of  financial 
affairs  essentially  adopted  Mr.  Crane's  plan.  Then  an 
Englishman  appeared  at  Washington  with  a  claim  as 
patentee. 

It  fortunately  happened,  however,  that  Mr.  Crane's 
idea  had  been  carried  out  by  a  few  banks,  such  as  the 
Mahaiwe  of  CJreat  Barrington  and  the  Hamilton  of  Bos- 
ton. Copies  of  these  issues  saved  the  government  from 
the  payment  of  a  large  royalty  to  a  foreigner.  The 
main  building  of  the  Government  Mill  is  fifty  by  one 
hundred  and  twenty  feet  in  size,  and  two  stories  high, 
with  a  basement  ;  the  machine  room  building,  two 
stories  in  height,  with  basement,  has  dimensions  of 
thirty-two  by  one  hundred  and  five  feet,  while  the  rag 
room  building  is  of  the  same  height  and  is  forty  by 
fifty-six  feet  in  extent.  The  area  of  the  steam  engine 
and  boiler  rooms  is  twenty  by  sixty  and  thirty  by  thirty 
feet  respectively.  The  arrangements  and  dimensions  of 
the  Pioneer  Mill  are  somewhat  similar.  At  these  mills 
only  the  best  selected  new  cuttings  are  used,  with  the 
purest  of  spring  water.  About  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  skilled  hands  are  employed.  The  World's  Fair 
engraved  admission  tickets  were  printed  on  peculiarly 
distinctive  paper  made  at  these  mills,  being  of  such 
curious  design  as  to  be  highly  valued  as  souvenirs  the 
earth  over.  The  Government  Mill  was  burned  April  13, 
1892,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  was  rebuilt  upon 
enlarged  and  improved  plans. 

The  firm  of  Z.  &  W.  M.  Crane,  manufacturers  of 
ladies  fine  writing  papers,  envelopes,  paper  boxes,  etc., 
dates  from  1877,  but  the  foundation  of  the  business  was 
laid  in  1850,  when  the  stone  factory  used  as  a  woollen 
mill  beginning  in  1836,  was  leased  to  the  firm  of  Crane 
&  Wilson,  who  changed  the  property  into  a  paper  plant, 
and  made  an  unsuccessful  property  prosperous.  The 
active  partners  of  the  concern  were  Seymour  Crane,  the 
youngest  son  of  Zenas,  the  pioneer,  and  James  Wilson, 
once  the  skilful  apprentice  of  the  elder  Crane. 

The  Bay  State  Mill  made  a  specialty  of  buff  writing 
paper,  which  found  much  favor  among  consumers,  which 
included  leading  newspaper  men  of  the  day,  Thurlow 
Weed,  the  New  York  editor  and  ])olitician,  commend- 
ing it  most  highly  as  less  injurious  to  the  eyes  than  the 
white  shades.  Zenas  Crane,  oldest  son  of  Z.  M.  Crane, 
rented  the  property  in  1865  and  afterward  bought  out 
all  the  interests  which  had  arisen  in  the  various  trans- 
fers. He  ran  the  mill  very  successfully  until  it  was 
burned.  May  15,  1877,  when  the  structure  was  immedi- 


DAL  TON. 


613 


ately  rebuilt,  and  on  an  enlarged  scale,  by  the  new  firm 
of  Zenas  Crane,  Jr.,  &  Bro.,  Winthrop  Murray  Crane 
being  the  junior  partner.  Since  1890  the  firm  has  been 
known  as  Z.  &  \V.  M.  Crane.  This  enterprise  is  man- 
aged by  the  senior  partner,  both  being  bred  to  the 
business  from  boyhood. 

'I'he  mill  is  of  brick,  three  stories  high  and  built  in  the 
form  of  a  maltese  cross,  the  floor  being  550  feet  in  length 
by  40  in  width.  The  factory  is  lighted  by  electricity, 
and  heated  by  steam  throughout,  the  departments,  com- 
prising engine  and  boiler  room,  containing  one  200  horse- 
power and  two  25  horse-power  steam  engines ;  the 
machine-room  containing  one  80-inch  Fourdrinier  pajjer 
machine  ;  the  finishing-room  with  four  platers  and  three 
calenders ;  the  engine-room  with  seven  pulp  engines, 
and  the  envelope,  paper-box  and  other  rooms. 

About  170  men  and  women  are  employed,  the  output 
averaging  2\  tons  of  paper  and  100,000  envelopes  a 
day.  All  products  are  finished  from  the  raw  materials. 
This  business  has,  in  reality,  been  wholly  originated 
and  developed  by  the  present  proprietors,  who  believed 
there  was  a  demand  for  the  finest  papers  which  had 
never  been  filled  by  American  manufacturers.  Accord- 
ingly they  went  to  work  to  turn  out  the  finest  cpiality  of 
goods  which  it  was  possible  to  manufacture. 

Doubtless  the  enviable  reputation  which  the  firm  had 
attained  somewhat  aided  the  enterprise  :  nevertheless, 
it  was  the  intrinsic  merit  of  the  goods  that  gave  real 
impetus  to  the  business.  The  growth  of  the  concern 
has  been  gratifyingly  steady  from  the  first,  and  for  many 
years  the  product  of  the  mill  has  had  a  prominent  place 
in  the  stock  of  all  the  leading  stationers  and  jewellers 


in  the  principal  cities  of  the  Union.  One  purpose  for 
which  these  papers  are  particularly  desirable  is  as  wed- 
ding invitations,  there  being  from  thirty  to  forty  tints  of 
the  most  delicate  and  diversified  shades  to  choose  from. 
The  product  of  this  mill  is  held  in  great  esteem  by 
the  leading  engravers  of  the  country.  Note  and  flat 
papers  of  this  sort  are  put  up  in  a  wide  variety  of  styles 
by  the  company,  with  envelopes  to  match,  the  unique 
and  tasteful  boxes  which  enhance  their  attractiveness 
also  being  made  in  the  same  mill.  In  this  line  of  busi- 
ness a  very  large  number  of  valuable  trade-marks  have 
been  established.  The  concern  has  long  pasted  paper 
for  cardboard  with  highly  satisfactory  results,  a  process 
commonly  confined  to  card  makers.  As  many  know, 
the  finest  and  stiffest  personal  cards  for  visiting  and 
similar  uses,  are  not  made  of  single  sheets  of  thick 
paper,  but  of  several  pieces  pasted  together  perfectly. 
This  card  work  has  in  itself  grown  to  considerable  pro- 
portions. -As  Zenas  Crane  was  the  pioneer  paper  maker 
of  the  Berkshire  Hills,  so,  also,  to  an  almost  equal 
degree,  may  Zenas  and  W.  Murray  Crane  be  said  to  be 
the  originators  of  this  particular  branch  of  the  business, 
the  manufacture  of  the  highest  grades  of  paper  for  such 
special  purposes  as  polite  correspondence,  invitations, 
etc.  These  goods  are  wholly  of  a  staple  quality,  causing 
a  steady  and  even  demand  for  them  the  year  round, 
constituting  most  delicate  and  appropriate  gifts.  The 
proprietors  have  built  a  fine  library  for  the  benefit  of 
their  employees,  which  is  heated  by  steam  and  lighted 
by  electricity,  being  in  every  way  a  model  institution, 
enhancing  the  good  feeling  existing  between  employer 
and  employee. 


INDKX 


Adams,  Alvin, 
Adams,  Charles  Francis, 
Adams,  T<.)WN  ok, 
Addicks,  J.  Edward, 
Agassiz,  Alexandkr, 
Aldrich,  Samuel  N., 
Aldrich,  Thomas  Bailey, 
Alger,  Alpheus  B., 
Allan,  Bryce  J., 
Allen,  Charles  H., 
Allen,  Orrin  P., 
Ames  Frederick  I,., 
Ames,  Olix'er, 
Andrew,  John  F., 
Andrews,  Asa  G., 
Andrews,  Charles  H., 
Appleton,  Naihan, 
Apslev,  Lewis  D., 
Archer,  Oscar  A., 
Armstrong,  (Ieorge  W., 
Ashley,  Charles  S., 
Ashley,  Henry  W., 
Ashley,  Stephen  B., 
Athol, 

Atkinson,  Edward, 
Austin,  Henry, 
Avery,  Edward, 
Ayer,  Frederick, 

Babcock,  James  F., 
Babbitt,  Francis  S., 
Bailey,  Andrew  J., 
Bailey,  Dudley  P., 
Baldwin,  John  S., 
Baldwin,  William  H., 
Ballou,  Hosea  Starr, 
Bancroft,  William  A., 
Banks,  Louis  A., 
Banks,  N.  P., 
Barney,  Evereit  H., 
Barrett,  William  E., 
Barry,  Eugene, 


246 

HARTLEir,  C.KORGK    F., 

362 

Cambridge, 

29s 

103 

Bean,  George  V., 

523 

Caimpkei.l,  Charles  A., 

383 

575 

Beard,  Alanson  \\'., 

128 

Candler,  John  W., 

105 

244 

Bekke,  Cyrus  G., 

602 

Capen,  F;lmer  H., 

68 

304 

Bellamy,  Edward, 

436 

Carter,  Franklin, 

66 

252 

Bennett,  Jamks  W., 

375 

Chace,  George  A., 

488 

120 

BiGELOW,  H.  H., 

317 

Chalmers,  James  C, 

577 

296 

BiGELOw,  Jonathan, 

89 

Chamberlain,  Mellen, 

380 

168 

Blake,  George  F., 

180 

Chamberlain,  Robert  H., 

324 

370 

Bl.\ney,  William  O., 

88 

Champlin,  Arthur  B., 

389 

59° 

Bleakie,  Robert, 

126 

Chandler,  Alfred  D., 

198 

212 

BOARDMAN,    HaLSEY    J., 

124 

Chase,  Simf:on  B., 

492 

42 

BoDFisH,  Joshua  P., 

234 

Chelsea, 

377 

48 

BoNvouLoiR,  Pierre, 

407 

Chesier,  Wals'iein  R., 

90 

496 

BossoN,  Albert  I)., 

386 

Chickering,  George  H., 

190 

273 

Boston, 

80-286 

Chicopee, 

429 

164 

BOUTWELL,  GE(JRGE  S., 

34 

Choate,  C.  F., 

182 

605 

Bowen,  Joseph  A., 

485 

Claflin,  William, 

36 

576 

Br-^brook,  George, 

480 

Clarke,  Albert, 

192 

188 

Bracewell,  J(  ihn. 

572 

Clark,  Charles  N., 

442 

357 

Bracketl,  J.  ().  A., 

43 

Clark,  Embury  P., 

401 

559 

Braman,  Dwight, 

178 

Clark,  J.  F.  A., 

256 

4S9 

Breed,  Francis  W., 

541 

Clifford,  Charles  W., 

359 

588 

Brickett,  Benjamin  F., 

395 

Clifford,  John  H., 

359 

193 

Bridges,  Benjamin  F., 

77 

Clifford,  Walter, 

359 

5.  269 

Brigham,  William  H., 

606 

Clough,  George  A., 

230 

166 

Brockton, 

508 

Clune,  John  H., 

353 

371 

Brooks,  Phillips, 

63 

Cobb,  Cyrus, 

186 

Brooks,  William  H  , 

405 

Cobb,  Dakius, 

187 

176 

Brown,  Frank  A., 

93 

COGGAN,  MaRCELLUS, 

421 

477 

Bruce,  Alexander  B., 

463 

Cogswell,  William, 

52 

177 

Bruce,  George  A., 

468 

Collins,  Patrick  A., 

194 

532 

Buckingham,  Samuel  G., 

336 

CoLTON,  John  W., 

553 

313 

BuRDF.Tr,  Joseph  O., 

122 

CoNn'ERSE,  Alfred  C, 

378 

156 

BURNHAM,  L.  Ci., 

85 

Ci.invekse,  Elisha  S., 

419 

158 

Butler,  B.  F., 

40 

Cook,  Joseph, 

113 

297 

Butler,  John  H., 

471 

CooLiDGE,  Frederick  S., 

56 

255 

BuiTRicK,  Francis, 

450 

CooLiDGE,  T.  Jefferson, 

117 

35 

Byrne,  Vicar-general, 

119 

Corcoran,  John  W. 

175 

346 

Corse,  John  M., 

185 

162 

Cady,  H.  Torrie, 

573 

Cory,  Charles  B., 

196 

545 

Calef,  Benjamin, 

271 

CoiTER,  James  E., 

268 

6i6 

INDEX. 

CouGHLiN,  John  W., 

483 

Dunn,  Michael, 

352 

Cox,  Alfred  E., 

426 

Dunning,  Albert  E., 

147 

Cr-ane,  James  A., 

56. 

DuPEE,  Henry  D., 

95 

Crane,  Robert  B., 

561 

Durgin,  Lyle, 

62 

Cr-we,  W.  M., 

611 

Dwight,  John  S., 

146 

Crane,  Zenas,  Sr., 

610 

Cr.*ne,  Zenas, 

611 

F;ldredge,  Daniel, 

140 

Cr-^po,  William  W., 

358 

Eliot,  Charles  W., 

65 

Cr-wforu,  Harvey  S., 

512 

Ellis,  George  E., 

lOI 

Crocker,  Geor(;e  G., 

107 

Emerson,  Charles  W., 

267 

Crocker,  Susan  E., 

62 

P^ndicott,  Charles, 

235 

Crosby,  John  C, 

57 

Enoicott,  William  C, 

289 

Crowley,  Jeremiah, 

376 

Evans,  Alonzo  H., 

29 

Cunninc.ham,  John  H. 

388 

Everett,  City  of. 

528 

Gushing,  Marshall, 

260 

Cushman,  Solomon  F., 

S9S 

Fairbanks,  Henry  O  , 

455 

Cutler,  Nahum  S., 

581 

Fall,  Charles  G., 

204 

Cutler,  William  C, 

384 

Fall  River, 

482 

CuiTiNG,  Walter, 

502 

Faxon,  Henry  H., 

456 

Fenno,  John  A., 

516 

Dale,  Willl^m  J.,  Jr., 

262 

Fernald,  B.  Marvin, 

598 

Dalton,  Samuel, 

76 

Field,  Walbridge  A., 

58 

Dalton,  Town  of, 

608 

Fifield,  George  \\ ., 

366 

Damon,  Grorge  L.. 

142 

Fisher,  Henry  N., 

452 

Davenport,  Charles, 

305-306 

FisK,  George  C, 

348 

Davenport,  William  N., 

525 

Fisk,  Noyes  W., 

350 

Davis,  Roberi  1"., 

4S6 

Fiske,  George  M., 

278 

Dawes,  Henry  L., 

44 

FisKE,  John, 

303 

Dean,  Benjamin, 

189 

Fitchburg, 

409 

De  Las  Casas,  William  B. 

422 

FiTz,  Eustace  C, 

97 

Dennison,  Aaron  L., 

451 

Fitzpatrick,  Thomas  B., 

118 

Dennison,  E.  W., 

144 

Foot,  Homer, 

341 

De  Normandie,  James, 

266 

Forbes,  J.  Malcolm, 

286 

DKvrn,  Edward  I., 

71 

Francis,  Edward  S., 

504 

Dewey,  Francis  H., 

325 

Francis,  James, 

373 

Dickinson,  John  W., 

159 

Francis,  James  B., 

373 

Dillavvay,  W.  E.  L., 

183 

French,  Elmer  L., 

387 

Dillon,  David  L., 

414 

French,  William  A., 

87 

Dodge,  Elisha  P., 

330 

Frost,  Rufus  S., 

379 

Dodge,  Theodore  A., 

282 

Frothingham,  F'dward  (;., 

394 

Doe,  Henry  P., 

461 

Fuller,  Homer  T., 

322 

Donahoe.  Patrick, 

242 

Fuller,  Lorin  ]^., 

424 

Donovan,  James, 

29 

Douglas,  William  I,., 

513 

Gali:,  John  A., 

393 

Draper,  Eben  S., 

232 

(iALLUP,  William  A., 

574 

Draper,  William  F., 

283 

(iALviN,  George  W., 

277 

Dudley,  Lewis  J., 

445 

Galvin,  Owen  A., 

208 

Dudley,  Nathan  A.  jM., 

136 

Gardner,  Charles  L., 

591 

Dunn,  Daniel, 

439 

(Iargan,  Thomas  J., 

276 

(Iaston,  William,  37 

Gates,  Merrill  E.,  67 

Gaylord,  Emerson,  434 

CliLBERT,  Frederick  A.,  210 

(liLLETT,  Edward  B.,  557 

GiLLEiT,  Frederick  H.,  337 

(d.EASON,  Daniel  A.,  538 

{'■lines,  Edward,  470 

(  ll.OUCESTER,  495 

{  ;>  lElTING,  A.  H.,  340 

GooDELL,  Henry  H.,  72 

Goodnow,  F;dward  A.,  314 

(louLD,  Levi  S.,  599 

(Iovernor's  Council  (portrait),   27 

Grace,  James  J., 

(iRAHAM,  John  M  , 

GR.AVES,  Samuel  L., 

Gray,  Hm.i.is  R., 

Gray,  Horace, 

Greely,  Adolphus  W., 

Green,  Samuel  Abboit, 

CiREEN,  Samuel  Swett, 

Greene,  J.  Evarts, 

Greenfield, 

Greenhalge,  Frederick  T., 

Greenough,  James  C, 

Grinnell,  James  S., 

Grou't,  William  L., 

GuNN,  Levi  J., 

GuRNEY,  Orrin  L, 


Hadlock,  Harvey  D  , 
Ha(;ar,  Daniel  B., 
Haggett,  Alber't  a., 
Hai<:h,  John, 
Haile,  W.  H., 
Hale,  F^dward  Everett, 
Hall,  Arthur  H., 
Hall,  (i.  Stanley, 
Hamilton,  Samuel  K., 
Hamlin,  Charles  S., 
Hardini;,  Alpheus, 
Harrington,  P^dwakd  T., 
Harrington,  Francis  A., 
Harris,  Francis  A., 
Hart,  Thomas  N., 
Haskell,  Edward  H., 
Haskell,  Edwin  B., 
Hatch,  Edward, 


203 

125 
410 

423 
60 

329 
104 
312 

323 
580 
368 

549 
582 

585 
583 
328 

197 
294 

374 

472 

26 

157 
506 

75 
603 
250 
588 
150 

309 
248 

135 
91 

253 
275 


INDEX. 


617 


Ha\krhii,i., 

390 

Hawkins,  Richard  V., 

.547 

Haves,  Klihu  B., 

540 

Haynes,  Km(jrv  J., 

165 

Haynes,  John-  C, 

143 

Henderson,  John  1)., 

533 

Hir.(  ;iNSoN, Thomas  Went\v<  )K1  h 

,301 

Hii.iiRETH,  Charles  L., 

327 

Hill,  William  H., 

249 

Hoar,  Georcje  F., 

45 

Hoar,  Sherman, 

50 

Holmes,  Charles  J., 

4S7 

Holmes,  Edward  0., 

427 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell, 

213 

Holvoke, 

399 

Hood,  Charles  I., 

369 

Hopewell,  John,  Jr., 

181 

Hopkins,  Chari.f.s  A., 

21 1 

Houghton,  Alheri  C, 

566 

How,  Moses, 

29 

Howe,  Julia  Ward, 

62 

Howe,  Simon  H., 

527 

Howi^nd,  William  D., 

364 

Huddleston,  J.  S.  F., 

114 

Hudson,  John  E., 

237 

Hudson,  Town  of, 

604 

Hunter,  James, 

570 

HvDK,  Henrv  S., 

339 

Irwin,  Richard  \\ ., 

Jackson,  James  F., 
Jaques,  Alden  p., 
Jenninos,  Andrew  J., 
Jewett,  Gilbert  L., 
Jewett,  William  S., 
Johnson,  Benjamin, 
Johnson,  Edward  F., 
Jones,  Jerome, 


444 

494 
398 
493 
571 
466 
240 
522 
84 


Keene,  W.  (;.  s., 

547 

Keith,  George  E., 

511 

Keith,  Isaac  Newton, 

28 

Keith,  Preston  B., 

514 

Keith,  Ziba  C, 

509 

Kilburn,  Levi, 

586 

Kimball,  John  W., 

iZ 

King,  Theophii.us, 

458 

Kingman,  Hosea, 

216 

Kingslev,  Chester  W., 
Kirkham,  James, 
KnsoN,  Henry  H., 
KnsON,  Samuel  J., 
Knkil,  .-Xrthur  S., 

Lakin,  James  A., 
Lawrence,  City  of, 
Lawrence,  Samuel  C, 
Leach,  William  W., 
Lee,  Henry, 
Lee,  Horace  C, 
Leland,  Arthur  S., 
I  .iNCOLN,  Frederic  W., 
Lincoln,  Leontine, 
LiiTLE,  Samuel, 
Livermore,  M^ry  a., 
]  .11CKE,  Warren  E., 
LocKwooD,  John  H., 
LoDiJE,  Henry  Cabo'J', 
Long,  John  D., 
Lougee,  Miss  A.  M., 
Lovell,  Benjamin  S., 
Low,  John  G., 
Lowe,  .Arthur  H., 
Lowell, 
Luce,  Robert, 

1  .YN^N, 

M ALDEN, 

Marcy,  Henry  O., 
Marden,  George  A., 
Marlborough, 
Marsh,  Henry  A., 
Mariin,  Thomas, 
Mason,  Albert, 
Mason,  F'dward  P., 
M.vithews,  N.\ihan,  Jr., 
Mayberry,  George  L., 
McCall,  Samuel  W., 
McClench,  William  \V., 
McDonald,  James  W., 
McDonnell,  Thomas  H., 
McEiTRicK,  Michael  J., 
McIntyre,  Ch.4rles  J., 
Mead,  N.athaniel  J., 
Medford, 
Medina,  John, 
Mellen,  Willlam  M.  E., 


299 

Melrose, 

59T 

338 

Merrill,  Esiei.lk  M.  H., 

62 

172 

Merrill,  (;eor(;e  S., 

464 

148 

Metcalf,  Theodore, 

132 

552 

M'Glenen,  Henry  A., 

209 

Millard,  N.  L., 

568 

558 

Miller,  Henry  F., 

130 

460 

Miller,  Ira, 

555 

537 

Miner,  Alonzo  A., 

160 

592 

Mitchell,  Austin  R., 

S18 

T16 

Mitchell,  E.  V., 

28 

355 

MONSON, 

594 

264 

Moody,  Charles  E., 

99 

1 10 

Moody,  William  H., 

392 

490 

Moore,  Beverly  K., 

179 

139 

Morgan,  Elisha, 

29 

62 

Morris,  Edward  F., 

596 

474 

Morse,  Bushrod, 

259 

550 

Morse,  Elijah  A., 

47 

51 

Morse,  E.  Rollins, 

106 

39 

Morse,  George  F., 

29 

62 

Morse,  Leopold, 

134 

251 

Morton,  John  D., 

86 

263 

M(.)SELEV,  Edward  A., 

261 

412 

Moses,  George  W., 

385 

365 

Mudge,  Frank  H., 

258 

475 

Munn,  Edwin  L., 

408 

539 

Na(;le,  Richard, 

546 

416 

New  Bedford, 

356 

170 

Newburyp(.)rt, 

327 

32 

Newton,  Cm'  of 

515 

524 

NiKiscH,  Arthur, 

163 

310 

Norcro.ss,  James  A., 

318-319 

381 

NoiicROSS,  Orlando  W., 

318-319 

59 

NoRDlCA,  LlLLI.^N, 

62 

121 

Ni  iRTH  Adams, 

563 

83 

Northampton, 

440 

447 

Norwood,  John  K., 

462 

109 

430 

O'Briezn,  Hugh, 

272 

526 

O'Callaghan,  Denis, 

243 

459 

Odell,  Charles, 

293 

22  I 

O'DoNNELL,  John  B., 

441 

300 

O'Kane,  Michael  A., 

70 

534 

Olin,  William  M., 

31 

5.>f' 

Olmstead  John, 

344 

473 

O'Meara,  Stephen, 

129 

437 

O'Neil,  Eugene  J., 

438 

6i8 


INDEX. 


O'Neii.,  Joseph  H., 

Orange, 
ORCun,  F.  E., 
Osborne,  William  M., 
Os(;ooi),  Joseph  B.  F., 
Otis,  John  L., 
Overman,  A.  H., 

1'a(;ani,  Joseph, 
Page,  Thomas  C, 
Paine,  Charles  J ., 
Paine,  John  K., 
Paine,  John  S., 
Paine,  Roueri  Treaj, 
Palmer, 
Parker,  Alice, 
Parkman,  Francis, 
Parkman,  Henry, 
Parsons,  Joseph  M., 
Peabodv,  S.  Endicoti, 
Peach,  Benjamin  F., 
Pearson,  Charles  H., 
Pearsons,  W.  B.  C, 
Peck,  Jabez  L., 
Pevkar,  Henry  A., 
Pickman,  John  J., 
Pierce,  Henry  L., 
Pierce,  James, 
Pillsbury,  Albert  E., 
Pinkerton,  Alerei)  S., 

Piri-SFIELD, 

Plunketl,  William  B., 
Plympton,  Noah  A., 
Pope,  Albert  A., 
Pfiang,  Lx)Uis, 
Pratt,  Charles  B., 
Preston,  Andrew  W., 
Prince,  Frederick  H., 
Prince,  Frederick  O., 
Procter,  Francis, 
Provin,  William, 

QuiNCY,  Ctiy  oe, 
quincy,  josiah, 

Raiifokd,  Benjamin  F., 
R.^NT)ALL,  Charles  S., 
R.\nney,  Ambrose  A., 
Ranioul,  Robert-  S., 


49  R.vi'shesky,  Abr-Aham  C, 

584  Reed,  George  H., 

137  Reed,  Henry  G., 
199  Reed,  James, 

291  Reed,  John  Richard, 
443  Reed,  William,  Jr., 
433  Renfrew,  James,  Jr., 

Revere, 

254  Rice,  Alexander  H., 

435  RicF,  William, 

236  Richards,  Calvin  A., 

307  Richardson,  Frank  S., 

138  Richardson,  Philip  K.  A., 
141  Richardson,  Spencer  W., 
589  Richmond,  George  B., 

62  Roads,  Samuel,  Jr., 

102  RoBBiNS,  Oliver  W., 

152  ROBERT'S,  Charles  G., 

292  Robinson,  George  D., 
290  Robinson,  James  T., 

78  Roche,  James  Jeffrey, 

191  Rogers,  E.  C, 

403  Ross,  Andrew  F., 

501  RoTCH,  Morgan, 

543  RoTCH,  William  J., 

367  Russell,  Charles  Theod(_)re, 

222  Russell,  Daniel, 

417  Russell,  William  E., 

30 

326  Salem, 

500  Salisbury,  Si'EPHf;N, 

578  Saltons'iall,  Levereti', 

154  Sanborn,  Daniel  W., 

195  Sanford,  Arnold  B., 

1 1 2  Sargent,  Dudley  A., 

316  Sava(;e,  Minot  J., 

224  Sawyer,  William  F., 

226  Schindler,  Solomon, 

247  Sears,  J.  Montgomery, 

499  Seelye,  Laurenus  Clark, 

556  Shafer,  Helen  A., 

Shatiuck,  (Ieorge  ()., 

454  Shaw,  Edward  P., 

45  7  Shaw,  Mary, 

Shepard,  John, 

127  Shuman,  a., 

46  Shurilekf,  Willia-M  S., 

207  Shute,  Charles  F., 

288  Sibley,  I,aw.son, 


396 
479 
115 
562 
481 
579 
535 
38 
345 
161 

567 
521 
265 

363 
241 

503 
96 

41 
564 
205 

351 
331 
361 
360 

133 
600 

25 

287 

311 
206 
469 
484 
302 
149 
219 
274 
285 
74 
73 
145 
333 
62 
201 
214 
342 
428 

334 


Simpson,  James  R.,  465 

.  Speare,  Alden,  5 1  7 

Smith,  Arthur  F.,  544 

Smith,  George  E.,  530 

Smith,  George  H.,  406 

Smith,  Sylvanus,  497 

SoLFV,  James  R.,  257 

Somerville,  467 

Spofford,  John  C;  531 

Sprague,  Charles  F.,  228 

Spra(;ue  Henry  H.,  202 

Springfield,  334 

Squire,  John  P.,  218 

Staples,  Sylvanus  N.,  478 

SlE.'iRN.S,  EPHR.4IM,  28 

Stearns,  George  M.,  432 

S'TEARNS,  Thomas,  298 

Stevens,  Everett  A.,  1 1 1 

Stevens,  Frank  S.,  491 

Stevens,  George  L.,  23S 

Stevens,  Homer  B.,  551 

Stevens,  Moses  T.,  53 

Stone,  Amos,  529 

Stone,  F.  M.,  448 

Stone,  Jonathan,  535 

S'lowE,  Wii.LARD  H.,  593 

Strahan,  Thomas,  382 

Stratton,  Charlf:s  C,  415 

Stur'tevant',  B.  F.,  151 

Sullivan,  Jeremiah  F.,  400 

S\\asf;y,  Gf:orge  R.,  220 

Taun'ton,  476 

Taylor,  Charles  H.,  167 

Taylor,  CiF:t)RGE  S.,  431 

■J'aylor,  Oliver,  391 

Teele,  John  O.,  171 

Thayer,  S.  Proctor,  569 

Thomas,  Chauncy,  280 

Thompson,  Edward  E.,  520 

Thomson,  f^i.mu,  542 

TiFFT,  Lewis  A.,  349 

Titcomb,  Albert  C  ,  332 

ToLMAN,  Bradshaw  S.,  453 

Tompkins,  Eugene,  131 

Tower,  Ashley  B.,  404 

Tower,  Henry,  607 

Trask,  Eliphalet,  354 


INDEX. 

Undf.rwi  inn,  Francis  H., 

227 

Washburn,  John  D., 

321 

Wells,  Gideon, 

343 

Van  N0STR.AND,  Alonzi)  ('.., 

281 

Wemyss,  James, 

225 

\Ventworth,  Oliver  M  , 

200 

Waulin,  HoRAt:E  G., 

•53 

West,  Charles  A., 

92 

Wakefield, 

601 

West,  John  C, 

505 

Walks,  (Ikorce  O., 

-^79 

Westeielii, 

54S 

Walkkr,  Clarence  O., 

4^5 

West< >n,  B\ron, 

609 

Walker,  Francis  A., 

270 

W'eymouth,  George  W., 

413 

Walker,  Henry, 

155 

Wharton,  \\^illiam  F., 

169 

Walker,  Joseph  H., 

55 

Wheeler,  John  W., 

587 

Walkley,  Lucius  B., 

560 

Whipple,  John  J., 

510 

Wallace,  Rodney, 

411 

Whitinc,  Fred  F., 

239 

Waltham, 

446 

Whiting,  William, 

402 

Walworth,  James  J., 

223 

Whitman,  William, 

98 

Wardwell,  J.  Otis, 

397 

Whitney,  Henry  M., 

245 

Warnock,  Adam, 

229 

\\'niTNEY,  Milton  B., 

554 

Warren,  James  J., 

320 

Whitten,  Charles  \'., 

23' 

Warren,  Nathan, 

449 

Whittier,  Charles, 

215 

Warren,  William  F., 

69 

WiGGiN,  Joseph  F., 

420 

\\'illiams,  Archbishop, 
Williams,  George  Fred, 
Willis,  George  S., 
Winn,  Henry, 
\\'insi.o\v,  Samliel, 
WiNsoR,  Alfred, 
U'inthkop,  RciHKRT  C, 

WoUURN, 

Wolco'tt,  Roger, 

WONSON,  W'lLLIAM   H.,  3d, 

Woodbury,  Charles  Levi, 
Woods,  Edwin  H. 
Woods,  Solomon  A., 
Worcester, 
\N'right,  Ashley  B., 
Wright,  Carroll  I)., 

Young,  Fr.ank  L., 

Zerrahn,  Carl, 


619 

64 

54 
507 
418 

315 
284 
100 

519 
108 

498 
174 
184 
217 
308 
565 


94 
123 


ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 

The  publishers  of  Massachuseti-s  of  To-Day,  recognizing  the  enormous  amount  of  labor  necessary  to 
its  completion  and  faithfully  performed,  desire  to  offer  their  acknowledgments  both  to  the  large  corps  of  editors 
and  correspondents  throughout  the  State,  and  to  those  who  have  successfully  contributed  to  the  mechanical 
excellence  of  the  book.  To  Messrs.  .Alfred  Mudge  &  Son,  printers,  who  have  done  the  composition  and  press 
work  ;  to  the  John  Andrew  &  Son  Company,  engravers  ;  to  the  A.  Storrs  &  Bement  Company,  who  have  supplied 
the  paper  on  which  it  is  printed,  and  to  Mr.  H.  W.  Upham,  bookbinder,  whose  earnest  cooperation  has  made 
the  book  possible,  the  publishers'  thanks  are  due. 


